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The art of anime: Freeze-frames and moving pictures in Miyazaki Hayao's Kiki's Delivery Service

ABSTRACT This article analyses one of Miyazaki Hayao's (1941–) most loved but least scrutinized anime films, Kiki's Delivery Service (1989). In addition to placing the film within the context of Miyazaki's career, the article looks in particular at the ways in which the animation industry itself is one of the main subjects of the film. Attention is paid to intertextual references to earlier Miyazaki films such as My Neighbor Totoro (1988) as well as to Kiki's relationship with other filmic and literary traditions, specifically the Bildungsroman and Künstlerroman.