{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019169329073482427, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010649627263045794, 'mean_word_length': 5.308724832214765, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Ascribing Relative Deceleration Properties to the Non-analyte Spike for the Determination of Fluorine by PIPPS

By using particle induced prompt photon spectrometry, PIPPS, and spiking both the analyte sample and analyte standard with a common non-analyte element to which a relative deceleration property for 5 MeV protons was ascribed, relative stopping powers/ranges for these target materials could be obtained. This approach circumvents the need to apply to compounds the Bragg-Kleeman rule (which does not take the changes in electronic structure through chemical bonding into consideration). Lithium carbonate, to which an arbitrary relative stopping power/range of unity was ascribed for 5 MeV protons, was chosen as the non-analyte spike to determine fluorine in polymer samples by using pure fluorine compounds as the comparator standards. The method was tested by analysing the standard reference materials SRM 91, 120c and 694.