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Effect of diethyl maleate on the toxicity of essential oil from Citrus reticulata fruit peels to Tribolium castaneum Herbst under laboratory conditions

Certain compounds of plants, essential oils, with insecticidal properties have been considered as alternatives to chemical pesticides for pest control in recent years. In this study, the synergistic effect of diethyl maleate (DEM) on the toxicity of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) peel essential oil against a stored-product insect pest, i.e. red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Tenebrionidae) adults was studied. DEM [one part], combined with acetone [two parts], was applied on T. castaneum adults. Five concentrations of essential oil from C. reticulata were tested. Three replicates and 30 adult insects/replicate/each concentration were used. LC50 values after 24 and 48 h of exposure were 33.8 and 28.2 μl/l air, respectively. Combination of the essential oil from C. reticulata with the synergist DEM after 24 and 48 h of exposure decreased the corresponding LC50 values to 18.1 and 12.2 μl/l air, respectively. These results revealed that DEM can considerably improve the potency of essential oil from C. reticulata and maybe applied successfully in the stored-product pest control programmes.