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Retroperitoneal mucocele of the appendix: diagnosis and management

Appendiceal mucocele is an interesting pathology, given its rarity and its tricky management. Among all performed appendicectomy, its incidence is between 0.2 % and 0.7 %.1–4 We define it as a dilatation of the appendix caused by an inflammatory or tumoral obstruction, with intraluminal accumulation of mucoid material. The pre-operative diagnosis on imaging is essential. Indeed, the mass is fragile, and in the absence of a careful surgery, pseudomyxoma peritonei may develop, secondary to an intraperitoneal rupture of the mass. The retroperitoneal localization is even more interesting because of its difficulties to diagnosis and treat.