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Gene knockout animal models of depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders.

In the past decades, the improving knowledge of genes implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders together with the advancements in genetic engineering has led to the creation of mice in which one or more genes are inactivated or 'knocked out'. Knockout mice are extensively used to better investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these diseases as well as the biological role of specific genes. Moreover, they are also useful tools for developing new therapeutic strategies. The success of using knockout mice is possible due to availability of several models used to mimic some clinical manifestations reported in psychiatric patients. In the present review, we will give an update of the most used gene knockout models in the field of psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.