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Analysis of the spectral surface radiance by using the surface BRDF and the atmospheric transmission effects

The spectral radiance received by a remote sensor is consisted of the self-emitted component directly from the target surface, the reflected component of the solar irradiance at the target surface, and the scattered component by the atmosphere without ever reaching the object surface. The self-emitted radiance from a surface can be calculated by using the temperature and optical characteristics of the surface together with the spectral atmospheric transmittance. The reflected radiance can be calculated by using the BRDF model. MODTRAN4 is used to model the scattered radiance by the atmosphere, and the solar radiation including the direct and diffuse solar energy components. In this paper, the infrared signatures received by a remote sensor are computed by using the spectral transmittances obtained for different sensor positions and for different surface materials.