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Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Grey Systems Theory in the Supply Chain Management Context: a literature review and a research proposal

This paper presents a review of 71 studies published in the literature from 2004 onwards that apply Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), Grey Systems Theory (GST) and Fuzzy Grey Cognitive Maps (FGCMs) to supply chain management. A conceptual framework is proposed to characterize the studies according to several factors such as journal and year of publication, geographic region, purpose, technique, association with other techniques, data source, type and sector of application. The reviewed papers were selected from Science Direct, Scopus, Emerald Insight and IEEE Xplore® databases. The results show that: the number of publications is increasing towards the years; the number of publications that uses FGCMs is significantly lower when compared to FCMs and GST; the main purpose of application is in Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) support; and that although FGCMs derive from the union of FCMs and GST and both these theories have been applied to the supply chain management, there is no publication proposing the use of FGCMs to this end. Finally, based on the reviewed body of knowledge, this paper also discusses research opportunities and suggestions of further studies, specially the use of FGCM to map and quantify the causal relationships between organizational culture and supply chain performance.