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Bioactive Chemical Bond Systems in Safeners and Prosafeners

Abstract Acetals and ketals involving a dichloromethyl group on their central carbon atom were found to be active or highly active as safeners of corn against thiocarbamate and chloroacet-anilide herbicide injury. A mechanism for the biotransformation of these compounds as prosafeners to the actual dichloroacetic ester safeners is proposed. Similarly, S-and N-analogues of the cyclic acetals (ketals) which show safener activity can also be considered as prosafeners because they can be converted in the biophase by the same mechanism into actual safeners such as dichloroacetic thiolesters or dichloroacetamides supporting the bioactivation hypothesis. Characteristic bioactive chemical bond systems in safeners and prosafeners are suggested.