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Interstate Compacts to Bury Radioactive Waste: A Useful Tool for Environmental Policy?

THE USE OF INTERSTATE compacts to address environmental problems was explicitly outlined in the LowLevel Radioactive Waste Disposal Act of 1980 (Kearney and Stucker 1985). By encouraging regional cooperation, Congress assumed states would accept the responsibility of burying low-level radioactive waste (“radwaste”), an assumption crucial to full implementation. While the assumptions regarding certain incentives written into the law do hold, states circumvented congressional intent by delaying acceptance or by forming defensive compacts. Although the Act did accomplish its initial design, this system-changing tool has proven ineffective in opening new facilities. In the following sections, policy tools and behavioral assumptions associated with the Act are discussed and a model of policy adoption based on the behavioral assumptions is developed. The findings demonstrate that political variables are crucial to compact legislation adoption. However, by creating a suprastate authority to oversee implementation, accountability and responsibility have been diffused and policy stagnation has occurred.