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Testing and Simulation of a Solar PV / Battery Storage System with and without PWM Charge Control

This paper presents an experimental and modelling study of an off-grid solar photovoltaic system using pulse width modulation (PWM) charge control and battery storage using manganese oxide as the cathode, carbon titanium phosphate composite as the anode, and alkali-ion saltwater as the electrolyte battery cells. The paper presents an experimental test apparatus, empirical data collection and numerical modelling and simulation of the system. The experimental data for charging and discharging the system is used to correlate the numerical simulation model output. Results for charging and discharging the system are subsequently used to develop transfer function models of the system's charging and discharging behaviour.