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Simple and Easy Method to Synthesize Chicken Eggshell Based Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite is a common material applied in orthophedia and dentistry. The application of this material is currently expanded to biotechnology field, such as to be used as support materials for enzymes immobilization. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized by utilizing chicken eggshell waste in household and food industries. This work is aiming to provide a simple and easy method to synthesize hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshell. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite was firstly carried out by reacting chicken eggshell powder (calcium precursor) with (NH4)2HPO4 via modified precipitation at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. The mixture was then stirred variably for 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests that hydroxyapatite powder derived from this procedure formed a single-phase crystal and it was completely formed after the reaction has run for 1 hour. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the synthesized hydroxyapatite forms a rice-like pattern. The size of hydroxyapatite crystal measured at (002) plane was about 45 nm. Our result showed that simple modified precipitation at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure in one hour reaction has successfully synthesized hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshell.