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Nicotine Reduces Embryo Growth, Delays Implantation, and Retards Parturition in Rats

Summary Daily injections of nicotine during the initial 5 days of pregnancy reduces embryo growth, delays implantation, and retards the onset of parturition in rats. Nicotine administration does not alter litter size, birth weight, sex distribution, or mortality rates. The authors thank Dr. Bent G. Boving for his constructive suggestions regarding the manuscript. This study was supported by Grants 1012 and 1012-R1 from The Council for Tobacco Research—USA, Inc.