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Sensitivity analysis of a CFD fire model in the case of a large-scale fire compartment scenario

The aim of this work is to analyze the relevance of the usual physical modeling employed in fire field models. These Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools introduce some parameters also called constants in all of the sub-models used to simulate complex flows such as a fire in an open or confined environments. In most cases, these parameters are fixed to a constant value and convey either a lack of knowledge or the impossibility, due to the high complexity of the fire scenario, of using more advance models developed in specific research area like turbulence, combustion or heat transfer modeling. A sensitivity analysis of the CFD fire model ISIS is then applied in the case of a large-scale compartment fire which is mechanically ventilated to determine the importance of some "well-known" parameters. The study, based on a Fractional Factorial Design, involves 6 input factors and analyzes 9 output variables. The factors have been chosen for their great importance in fire modeling and their wide range of variation. They concern the combustion efficiency, the soot absorption coefficient, the eddy dissipation constant, the turbulent viscosity constant and some turbulent Prandtl/Schmidt numbers. The selected responses, either important for some sub-models and for fire safety analysis are grouped into three parts: gas temperature, oxygen concentration and heat flux. For each group, the first part of the results presents the raw data given by numerical simulations and allows a qualitative comparison and interpretation. Certain trends have emerged but many assumptions have to be confirmed. This is one of the objectives of the second part which presents the results of the sensitivity analysis. The main effects of