{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02350265352539803, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00530705079605762, 'mean_word_length': 6.135135135135135, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Extracellular ATP Regulates Cell Death of Lymphocytes and Monocytes Induced by Membrane‐Bound Lipoproteins of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma salivarium

The cytotoxicities of lipoproteins of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma salivarium to a lymphocytic cell line, MOLT‐4, and a monocytic cell line, HL‐60, was upregulated by ATP added extracellularly in a dose‐dependent manner. These lipoproteins induced ATP release and plasma membrane permeability increase in these cell lines. In addition, periodate‐oxidized ATP, an antagonist for P2X purinergic receptors, suppressed the cytotoxicity of the lipoproteins, suggesting the possibility that P2X receptors for ATP play crucial roles in the cytotoxicity. Activation of caspase‐3 induced by the lipoproteins, which was assessed by the cleavage of the synthetic substrate DEVD‐pNA and the endogenous substrate poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase, was also upregulated and downregulated by extracellular ATP and periodate‐oxidized ATP, respectively. On the basis of these results, this study suggests that mycoplasmal lipoproteins induce the permeability increase in lymphocytes and monocytes, by which ATP is released, and the ATP regulates the cytotoxicities of the lipoproteins to the cells, possibly by interaction with ATP receptors such as P2X purinergic receptors.