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A review of the origins, responsibilities, coposition and main activities of the interantional council for the exploration of the sea (ICES)

This contribution first outlines the main factors leading to the foundation of ICES in 1902 as an intergovernmental body, the first of its kind, concerned with the promotion and coordination of international cooperation in scientific investigations of the sea and its living resources in the North Atlantic area. It then traces the development of the Council's aims, responsibilities, composition, organization, and main activities from its foundation to the present time, with special attention to the years since World War 11, during which time the Council acquired a more formally defined status through its 1964 Convention. The Council's role in providing scientific information and advice to member governments and international fishery management (NEAFC, IBSFC, NASCO) and pollution control (Oslo, Paris, and Helsinki Commissions) organizations, and possible future developments in this and other activities are also described.