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Human dendritic cell responses to lipopolysaccharide and CD40 ligation are differentially regulated by interleukin‐10

We evaluated the effects of interleukin (IL)‐10 on the maturation of human dendritic cells (DC) induced either by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CD40 engagement. For this purpose, DC generated by culturing plastic‐adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 7 days with granulocyte/macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor and IL‐4 were incubated for 3 days with either LPS (10 ng/ml) or 3T6 fibroblasts transfected with the gene encoding CD40 ligand, in absence or presence of IL‐10. First we found that the membrane expression of CD83, a marker of mature DC, was inhibited by IL‐10 when induced by LPS but not by CD40 engagement. Likewise, IL‐10 inhibited LPS‐induced but not CD40‐dependent CD86 (B7.2) up‐regulation on DC. Furthermore, IL‐10 inhibited the production of IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α by DC when activated by LPS but not by CD40. In contrast, IL‐10 inhibited IL‐12 production in both activation systems. We conclude that IL‐10 differentially influences LPS‐dependent and CD40‐dependent pathways of DC maturation.