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New insight on the structural diversity of holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfates

Abstract Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCS) are unique glycosaminoglycans isolated from body walls of sea cucumbers (holothuria). These biopolymers are composed of a chondroitin core [→4)-β-D-GlcA-(1→3)-β-D-GalNAc-(1→]n bearing fucosyl branches and sulfate groups. Structural variations of FCS are species specific and depend on type, amount and position of branches, as well as on degree and pattern of sulfation of a backbone and branches. A wide spectrum of biological properties was determined for these polysaccharides including anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory activities. Structural features of FCS influence significantly on their biological effect. In this review recent data about structural variations within holothurian FCS are summarized. The NMR data of the key building blocks are presented, which may be used for the analysis of new FCS.