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Simulation and phantom validation of mild hyperthermia produced by a dual function ultrasound linear array

The prediction of the acoustic and temperature profiles is important for parameter optimization as a part of treatment planning for mild hyperthermia. A 3D acoustic field algorithm and a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method were combined in this study to calculate a 3D temperature profile in a tissue-mimicking phantom insonified by a dual function ultrasound linear array. In vitro validation was accomplished by using a fluorescent dye encapsulated in thermally-sensitive liposomes and an optical imaging system. For the single-beam insonation mode, the 39°C contour (by simulation) and dye-release area (in vitro) were 7.0 by 4.5 mm and 7.6 by 6.7 mm in the elevation and lateral directions, respectively. For the scanned-beam insonation mode, the 39°C contour and dye-release area were 12.0 by 11.4 mm and 12.2 by 11.6 mm in the elevation and lateral directions, respectively. The scanned-beam insonation mode showed a similar spatial extent of heating between simulation and in vitro experiments.