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Can increasing the dose of radiation by HDR brachytherapy boost following pre operative chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer improve surgical outcomes?

Aim  Preoperative radiotherapy has been shown to improve local control in advanced rectal carcinoma compared with surgery alone. Several large randomized trials have confirmed that chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is better than radiotherapy alone. This pilot study was designed to increase the radiation dose using high‐dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost following preoperative CRT to evaluate whether this strategy improves the outcome of surgery without increase in toxicity.