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Impact of the September Silk Road Pattern on the South China Sea summer monsoon withdrawal

The Silk Road Pattern (SRP) is the dominant teleconnection in the upper troposphere and is closely linked to the Asian summer monsoon in both India and subtropical East Asia. This study reveals a close interannual relationship between the SRP in September and the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) withdrawal. During positive phases of the September SRP (characterized by negative geopotential height anomalies over eastern Europe and central China and positive geopotential height anomalies over western Europe, western and central Asia, and Northeast Asia), withdrawal of the SCSSM tends to be later than normal. The September SRP could impact the SCSSM withdrawal via modulating atmospheric circulation anomalies over the SCS. In particular, the notable low‐level cyclonic anomaly over central China related to the positive phase of the September SRP induces significant southwesterly wind anomalies over the northern SCS, which favour a late withdrawal of the SCSSM. This study suggests that besides the tropical factors that have been identified by previous studies, the climate systems over mid‐latitudes may also play an important role in contributing to interannual variability of the SCSSM withdrawal.