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Can immune system "small talk" be broadcast as anti-HIV therapy?


 Speakers at the First International Symposium on HIV and Cytokines, held on March 15-17 in Reims, presented their views on topics in immunology and treatment of HIV infection with respect to cytokines. The first topic addressed the double-edged sword of the immune system which aids the spread of HIV infection as follows: immunostimulation activates both infected resting T cells and uninfected resting T cells, thus spreading HIV infection from one cell population to the other by means of cytokines. The immune system's response during the first weeks of infection focus on HIV's control of the cytokine network. An examination of the CD8+ antiviral factor in HIV suppression and its enhancement through the introduction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is presented. Final topics include the safety of low-dose IL-2 therapy; IL-2 and interleukin-12 as interferon-gamma inducers and the use of gene therapy to stimulate interferon-gamma production; an explanation of why HIV disease progresses rapidly in many infants infected in utero; and an examination of HIV protein Tat as a target for antiretroviral therapy to aid in apoptosis (cell suicide) of infected cells.
