{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.026804123711340205, 'fraction_numerical': 0.04879725085910653, 'mean_word_length': 4.810379241516966, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Integrating theory with practice to promote population science.


 A review of the past 10 years, 1978-88, has led to this commentary on China's population studies. 3 basic characteristics emerge: 1) that Marxism in theory, not in quotations, is taken as a guideline in population research, 2) that quantification in surveys is of great importance, and 3) that research on basic theories has been developed concurrent with applied population science. Marxist theories of material production and human reproduction were used to identify the patterns of population development. 7 major surveys have been conducted over the past 10 years. The 1st was the Census of 1982, which was the 3rd since the founding of the People's Republic. 19 items were included and for the 1st time analyzed with electronic computers. The 2nd was .1% fertility survey by the State Commission of Family Planning. 815 work units and 1,017,574 people were sampled, of which 310,485 were women between 15-67 years. The sampling error was quite low at 1.07%. The 3rd survey was the survey of 179,000 children between 0-14 years in 1983 by the State Statistical Bureau, Department of Society, and sponsored by the United Nations Children's Fund. The 4th survey was a nationwide survey on the handicapped by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Statistical Bureau in 1987. 29 provinces and 424 counties were included; 369,816 households and 1,579,314 persons were surveyed or 1.5% of the total population. 51.64 million were found to be handicapped with hearing, speech, vision, physical or mental disabilities. The 5th was a survey of the elderly population 60 years in 1987 by the Institute of Population Studies under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences with the assistance of the Urban and Rural Sampling Team of the State Statistical Bureau. 36,755 elderly from 28 provinces, 233 cities and 830 counties were surveyed. Tibet and Taiwan were not included. A comprehensive data set was obtained. The 6th survey was the fertility and contraception survey of 1988 by the State Commission of Family Planning. 2 million people from all 30 provinces were included. The data set included pregnancy, parturition, contraception, marriage, and mortality of the female population 15-57 years. The 7th survey was the 1984 survey of 10 ethnic minorities, which is still incomplete. Other surveys include a migration survey of 74 cities, a 1985 fertility survey of Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shanghai provinces, and a 1982 survey of families and marriage in 5 cities including Beijing. Although remarkable achievements have been made in the analysis of data, som population issues have not been studies or studied cursorily. Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speech has freed scholars from the Ma Yinchu dictums of the past, and allows research to be of higher quality and practical value and researchers to use methodologies of overseas population studies.
