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Assessment of serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in periodontitis patients

Background and Objectives: Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease inducing profound changes in the plasma concentrations of cytokines leading to a catabolic state characterized by altered lipid metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal infection on serum levels of triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Materials and Methods: A sample of 90 subjects; 30 periodontally healthy individuals, 30 chronic gingivitis cases (n=30), and 30 chronic periodontitis cases (n=30) with an age range of 25 to 65 years were included in the study. Periodontal parameters including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Depth, and Clinical Attachment Level were recorded. Venous blood samples were obtained after 12 hours fasting period from antecubital vein and serum levels of TGL, TC, HDL, and LDL cholesterol were measured. Results: The levels of TGL, TC, and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher for periodontitis group (P<0.05) as compared to gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups. HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in periodontitis group (P<0.05) as compared to periodontally healthy and gingivitis groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that periodontal infection has a definite role in altering lipid metabolism leading to hyperlipidemia. However, further studies are required to clarify the relationship between periodontitis and serum lipid levels and to determine whether oral healthcare has the potential to reduce serum lipid levels in otherwise systemically healthy individuals.