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Improving performance of intermodal terminals through automation and rail-for-truck modal switch

The U.S. container trade has historically grown at high rates of 8 to 10 percent per year. Although the September 11 events have caused a temporary decline in the growth rate, it is expected to approach its historical growth rates again in the future. The congestion in certain U.S. intermodal port terminals will soon reach to a "deadlock" with further consequences for highway traffic and the environment. This paper deals with the possibilities for productivity improvements at intermodal terminals, as a way to accommodate ocean and rail freight transportation growth. Current developments in the container market are examined. Automation of intermodal terminals and container handling operations, based on recent approaches, has been introduced in terminals in Asia and Europe with very promising results. Furthermore, the paper proposes an intermodal container terminal at a representative site as part of a network between the major U.S. East Coast ports and the major hub of Chicago. We examine the monetary and environmental benefits of a modal switch from truck to rail mode for the cargo that originates from these ports. The significant environmental benefits can justify public investments. The total cost savings can recover a significant proportion of the construction cost of the proposed intermodal terminal. Finally, the productivity improvements due to rail use and automation serve to reduce dwell time for containers transported by shuttle or freight trains and to improve land utilization by making available land formerly used for container storage. Thesis supervisor: Henry S. Marcus Title: Professor, Department of Ocean Engineering