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A case of metastatic testicular cancer complicated by tumour lysis syndrome and choriocarcinoma syndrome.

A 26-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of metastatic testicular cancer. The pathological diagnosis was choriocarcinoma with seminoma. Sequential computerized tomography examinations revealed rapidly progressing bulky liver metastases and a lung metastasis. Chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) was started on the day of admission. Subsequently, the patient suffered from tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) and massive haemorrhage at metastatic sites. The latter complication is also called choriocarcinoma syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of testicular cancer complicated with both critical conditions. Intensive care and radiological intervention barely prevented a fatal outcome. The urological oncologist should be aware of the potential complications TLS and choriocarcinoma syndrome in cases of rapidly progressive and high-volume choriocarcinoma.