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The Germanic Dental Preterite, Language Origin, and Linguistic Attitude

1. Traditionally the Germanic verb is treated in the historical grammars according to past tense formation, which specifies either a preterite by root ablaut, termed 'strong' by Grimm, as opposed to 'weak', which labels a preterite by dental suffixed to the stem. Considered residual to this classification are two socalled minor groups, the preterite-present verbs and the anomalous verbs which is a catchall for what remains. The systematization of the Germanic strong ablaut classes one through six has been demonstrated historically (e.g. Polo me 1964) and synchronically (Mötsch 1967). Strong class status for the heterogeneous group known as reduplicating verbs is attempted by Prokosch (1939: 175-182) where he shows these verbs to be possible heavy base alternates of the light base ablauts of the strong classes one through five. Van Coetsem (1956) essentially follows Prokosch, but describes the North-West Germanic class seven ablauts as resulting from various Germanic phonological innovations, in particular the Proto-Germanic change of IE. *o > α and the North-West Germanic α-umlaut of IE. *ei and *eu. A recent derivation of the Germanic class seven verbs, that of Bech (1969), reverts back to Grimm's notion of original reduplication for all Germanic dialects and reinterprets the underlying North-West Germanic reduplicated form, for the most part, as an infixed form in Gmc. *-ez-. Bech generates from a synchronic base in -ezNorth-West Germanic verb stems which conform to the syllable shape of the first six strong classes, where the present and preterite stems are monosyllabic and homophonous initially. The dominance of the strong verb pattern pervades linguistic description of the Germanic verb.