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Stability of Silicon Dioxide in Liquid Phase TEM

Recently developed liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) holds great potential for the study of many important nanoscale processes, in particular the synthesis of nanostructures, such as heterogeneous catalysts. Their synthesis usually involves the formation of metal (oxide) nanoparticles on a high-surface area oxide support. However, one of the main experimental challenges for in situ observation of this process is the interaction of the electron beam with the liquid, in particular water, forming many highly reactive chemical species and radicals [1] and locally changing the liquid chemistry. Recently, it was found that this change in chemistry in water severely reduces the stability of amorphous silica [2], an important material for biomedical and catalytic applications. To date however, most studies in LP-TEM focus on metal nanoparticles, resulting in a limited understanding of oxide behavior under these conditions.