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Computer aided inbetweening

The production of inbetweens is a tedious task for animators and a complicated one for algorithms. In this paper, an algorithm for computer aided inbetweening and its integration in a pen-based graphical user interface are presented.The algorithm is layer-based, assuming an invariant layering order. It is applicable to animations in a style similar to paper cut out, in which the drawings on the cut-out pieces are inbetweened as well. The content of each key drawing is analysed and classified into strokes, chains of strokes and relations that hold among them. Rules decide what parts of different drawings may be matched. These rules specify allowed changes between relations in key drawings. A cost function based approach determines the correct matching of strokes. Generated animation paths between corresponding strokes determine the resulting inbetweens.To hold for possible mismatchings and to allow for artistic control over the results, the inbetweening algorithm is embedded in a free form graphic user interface. Thus artists are enabled to focus on the part of the inbetweening task computers are not able to solve.