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Nature-Based Solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: A
state-of-the-art review of the research area

Abstract. Natural hazards such as severe floods, storm surges, landslides, avalanches, hail, windstorms, droughts, heat waves and forest fires occur almost daily. This situation is likely to become worse given the projected changes in climate, degradation of ecosystems, population growth and urbanisation. The new concepts such as Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Green Infrastructure and/or Nature-Based Solutions have emerged as effective means to respond to such challenges. The present paper provides a critical review of the literature and identifies current knowledge gaps and future research prospects. There has been an explosion of scientific publications on this topic with a more significant rise taking place from 2007 onwards. Hence, the review process started by sourcing 1381 articles from Scopus which were also cross-referenced with the articles sourced from Web of Science and Google Scholar. The full analysis was performed on 159 closely related articles. The analysis confirmed that numerous advancements have been achieved to date. These solutions have already proven to be valuable in providing sustainable, cost-effective, multi-purpose and flexible means for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. However, there are still many areas where further research and demonstration is needed in order to promote their upscaling and replication and to make them become mainstream solutions.
