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Temporal Perspective and Completed Suicide

Yufit, et al. (1970) reported that highly suicidal individuals were less futureoriented than comparison groups. The present paper reports an attempt to assess temporal perspective in completed suicides by examining the tenses of the verbs used in the suicide notes. The notes were the 33 pairs of genuine and simulated suicide notes published by Shneidman and Farberow ( 1957) ; the writers of these notes were matched for sex, age, and race. The genuine notes were more likely to have verbs in the imperative mood present (binomial p = 0.05 using a present/absent categorization) and were more likely to have verbs in the conditional mood present (binomial p = 0.02 ) .' The remaining verbs were classified as past, present, or future. The genuine and simulated notes did not differ in the proportions of verbs in these tenses (binomial p = 0.24, 0.50, and 0.28 respectively) .? It may be concluded that the notes of completed suicides do not differ from simulated suicide notes in their temporal perspective as assessed from the tense of the verbs used. However, the genuine notes did contain imperatives more often, reflecting the greater number of instructions contained in them. They also had more verbs in the conditional mood, which perhaps reflects the greater involvement with fantasy.