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Interlayer space engineering of MXenes for electrochemical energy storage applications.

The increasing demand for high-performance rechargeable energy storage systems has stimulated the exploration of advanced electrode materials. MXenes are a class of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic transition metal carbides/nitrides which are promising candidates in electrodes. The layered structure facilitates ion insertion/extraction, which offers promising electrochemical characteristics for electrochemical energy storage. However, the low capacity accompanied by sluggish electrochemical kinetics of electrodes as well as interlayer restacking and collapse significantly impede their practical applications. Recently, interlayer space engineering of MXenes via different chemical strategies have been widely investigated in designing functional materials for various applications. In this review, we provide an overview on the most recent progress of 2D MXenes engineering by intercalation, surface modification as well as heterostructures design. Moreover, some critical challenges in future research on MXene-based electrodes have been also proposed.