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Upper mantle structure and deformation of the Aegean-Anatolia region from Rayleigh-wave tomography.

The last ~40 M.y. tectonics of the Aegean-Anatolia region has shaped a natural laboratory ideal to study the continental deformation processes. The detailed analysis of the mantle structure and deformation of this non-mature continental collision zone constitutes an essential step to investigate the contribution of mantle dynamics to surface kinematics. The upper mantle structure is investigated over the entire region through a new 3-D S-wave velocity model from surface-wave tomography. The model reveals remarkable vertical correlations between geometries of the Hellenic slab tears and geometries of shear zones which accommodate the rapid SW movement of the Aegean bloc. The Cyprus slab is clearly identified in the 3-D model as fold and torn in tree segments beneath Anatolia. The observed azimuthal anisotropy from Rayleigh-wave array analysis suggests the existence of two anisotropic layers in the upper mantle. The lateral variations of anisotropy beneath the region are interpreted as the indication of toroidal mantle flows at different scales governing the slabs deformation and the surface kinematics.