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Harmonic Deformation Model for Edge Based Template Matching

The paper presents an approach to the detection of deformable objects in single images. To this end we propose a robust match metric that preserves the relative edge point neighborhood, but allows significant shape changes. Similar metrics have been used for the detection of rigid objects (Olson and Huttenlocher, 1997; Steger, 2002). To the best of our knowledge this adaptation to deformable objects is new. In addition, we present a fast algorithm for model deformation. In contrast to the widely used thin-plate spline (Bookstein, 1989; Donato and Belongie, 2002), it is efficient even for several thousand points. For arbitrary deformations, a forward-backward interpolation scheme is utilized. It is based on harmonic inpainting, i.e. it regularizes the displacement in order to obtain smooth deformations. Similar to optical flow, we obtain a dense deformation field, though the template contains only a sparse set of model points. Using a coarse-to-fine representation for the distortion of the template further increases efficiency. We show in a number of experiments that the presented approach in not only fast, but also very robust in detecting deformable objects.