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Antioxidant treatment improves neonatal survival and prevents impaired cardiac function at adulthood following neonatal glucocorticoid therapy

•  Although neonatal glucocorticoid therapy is an effective measure to prevent and treat chronic lung disease in premature infants, it can cause long‐term adverse effects on the cardiovascular system secondary to oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. •  Here, we report that neonatal dexamethasone therapy using human clinically relevant doses resulted in increased mortality, and that surviving offspring had significantly lower NO bioavailability and impaired cardiac function at adulthood. Combined neonatal treatment of dexamethasone with antioxidant vitamins prevented these adverse side‐effects in offspring. •  The data give insight into the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of neonatal dexamethasone on the cardiovascular system. Further, the findings are of significant clinical importance in helping to modify current perinatal practice to minimise adverse side‐effects while maintaining the benefits of potent neonatal steroid therapy.