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Evaluation of Naïve Bayes and Chi-Square performance for Classification of Occupancy House

Occupancy status is one indicator of the rehabilitation and reconstruction program to support eruption victims in Indonesia. It needs to establish rehabilitation and reconstruction in a digital system with a structured database. In this paper, we provide dataset 2,146 occupied and 370 unoccupied houses. We utilize a naive Bayes classifier to classify the objects and implement a chi-square algorithm to measure comparison data to actual observed data. This research uses a combination of Naive Bayes and Chi-Square by applying weighting to the dataset attributes. Our study concludes that the combination of the algorithms can achieve a promising result in classifying the occupancy status. The combination of the techniques gains 89.59% accuracy and a ROC-AUC value of 0.839. Therefore, our approach is better than the standard Naive Bayes without combination with the Chi-Square approach.


Mount Merapi disaster in 2010 destroyed various settlements in Yogyakarta and
Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Based on the head regulation of the National Disaster Management Agency regarding regional action plans, we undergo a study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction scheme for housing and settlements based on communities. This scheme aims to move settlements physically as well as to move their lives and livelihoods. The rehabilitation and reconstruction of settlements on new sites or land are carried out through a community empowerment approach by promoting a combination of development and community-based values [1]. In this paper, we conduct a study to measure the indicators of the successful performance of the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. Based on the performance indicators with local communities, the status of the habitable house is one of the main parts as a performance indicator of success. The more homes are occupied, the better its performance [2].
Currently, machine learning is a comprehensive method to deal with many problems [8] [9][14] [15]. The classification research of the status of occupied homes for rehabilitation and reconstruction after the Merapi disaster. We conduct the data analysis by using learning approaches like data mining to optimize classification results on the problem. A study proposed the classification of occupancy status by using Naive Bayes. The experiment utilized the Naive Bayes to classify the data for inhabitant's case with an accuracy of classification, reaching 89.59% and with the ROC-AUC reaching 0.826 [3]. Naive Bayes is a part of supervised learning that applies Bayes theorem with the naive assumption of conditional independence between every pair of features given the value of the class variable [13]. Various studies utilize the NB algorithm to address the computer application case [12].
Based on the previous research, we experiment with a combination of classification algorithms with the same dataset. Our proposed method combines the Naive Bayes with the Chi-Square algorithm. To train the model with those algorithms, we construct a dataset by collecting occupancy data from the work unit of the Government. To experiment, we gather 2,146 housing data and 370 houses unoccupied. It is a new classification technique to deal with the occupancy house problem by collecting a massive dataset from the real environment and combining the learning algorithm.

Methodology
In this paper, we collect primary data from the eruption environment as our benchmark dataset. Moreover, we conduct literature studies to enrich the sources of knowledge before conducting experiments. This research involves data analysis and training process by taking into account parameters, attributes, and variables. We take the sample population with probability sampling, where each element of the population has the same opportunity to be selected as subjects of the sample. We undergo sampling technique by using Stratified Random Sampling to reduce the influence of various factors and to divide the elements of the population into strata.
Evaluation and validity tests in this study were conducted by manually calculating data samples using the equation:  This study uses the Chi-Square selection feature Algorithm to evaluate the value of features based on the calculation of the statistical value [4]. Chi-Square is one type of non-parametric comparative test conducted on two variables, where the scale of the data for both variables is nominal. (If of 2 variables, there is 1 variable with a nominal scale then a chi-square test is performed concerning the test that must be used at the lowest degree).
In this paper, we propose a new technique for evaluation of the validation of the housing dataset by combining the Naive Bayes (NB) with the Chi-Square algorithm. We utilize 10-fold cross-validation validation with Stratified Random Sampling by dividing data randomly into k sections and classifying each part. In the Cross-validation technique, it does as many experiments as . For instance, the technique can process 10 times the kvalue test to estimate accuracy [5]. Each trial uses one testing data, and the k-1 part becomes training data, then the testing data be exchanged for one training data to produce different testing data. We need the training data in learning to teach the model, and we feed the testing dataset as unseen information in the learning model. Finally, we can measure how effective the model in producing an accuracy of learning outcomes.
We provide classification accuracy, confusion matrix tables to depict the classification performance. This paper also presents the AUC curve to measure performance by estimating the output probability from randomly selected samples. In the model performance measuring, the greater the AUC score represents a better classification model. In this paper, we separate the performance of AUC accuracy into five groups [5], namely: The Confusion matrix is one of the measurement tools to get the amount of accuracy of the dataset classification for active and inactive classes. Evaluation of the classification model is based on testing to estimate the right and wrong objects. We provide the test sequence in a confusion matrix form to show the predicted class result. Each cell has a number that indicates how many actual cases of the class are observed to be predicted [6]. Confusion matrix provides decisions result in training and testing and provides an assessment of the performance classification based on the object correctly or incorrectly [7]. We present the confusion matrix table as follows:

Dataset
In this paper, we gather dataset from the Secondary Database Management Information System (MIS) for the Merapi eruption in 2010. The experiment gathers 2,516 records and 11 attributes. The data is a real dataset that depicts residential status based on rehabilitation status by using the dataset as Table II:

Result and Discussion
At the initial phase of the experiment, this study applies 10-fold cross-validation for data validation, where 10-fold cross-validation has a relatively low variant bias value. 10fold cross-validation, the data is divided into 10 parts randomly in advance with the same comparison. We calculate the error rate for each section after calculating the average error rate of all data sections [4]. The study tries to address the case by manual calculations at the initial. However, we feed all of the datasets into RapidMiner data processing tools to compute 2516 samples. The modeling of the primary feature selection process using the Chi-Square algorithm on rapid miners can be seen in Fig. 2.:

Fig. 2. Primary process feature selection data for occupancy using the Chi-Square algorithm
Explanation of numbers in Fig. 2 Fig. 2., we obtain the results of weighting attributes/variables as Table III: We compute the dataset with Naive Bayes and Chi-Square combination by using application tools, Rapid Miner. The modeling of this study can be seen in Fig. 3. & Fig. 4:   Fig. 3. Classification process for occupancy data using Naive Bayes and Chi-Square algorithm

Fig. 4. Training and Testing data classification by using Naive Bayes and Chi-Square algorithm
Description number in Fig. 3. & Fig. 4. above: 1. Data Set (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Houses Fund Recipient -as many as 2516 (record/instances) and 10 variables/attributes 2. Algorithm Chi-Square to select features by applying weighting attributes/variables 3. Validation (validating data with 10-fold cross-validation) 4. Algorithm Naive Bayes 5. Apply model 6. Performance measurement The accuracy and performance results of applying the algorithms (Naive Bayes combine with Chi-Square) can be shown in Table IV, as follows: The experimental results of Table IV show the results of the classification accuracy with the confusion matrix. It is a table to describe the performance of a classification model (classifier) on the dataset of test data to display which the true values are known. The results of the confusion matrix table can be shown in the following Table V: In the testing process, we also calculate the confusion matrix score to produce the accuracy value based on equation (3). We calculate the accuracy to evaluate classification models. Informally, accuracy is how to determine the predictions our model got right or several correct predictions in our model. The results of the calculation are as follows : Based on the above results of the accuracy, the level of classification accuracy with the Naive Bayes combined with the Chi-Square for occupancy status can achieve a promising result value of 89.59%.
As the final part, we test the combination algorithms to achieve a useful classification. The accuracy results in table IV and table V show that the accuracy of about 89.59% and the classification performance in the ROC-AUC curve in 0.839. We calculate the AUC score in classification analysis to determine which of the used models predicts the classes best. Fig. 5. depicts the visualization of AUC curves to show the classification performance:

Evaluation of Naïve Bayes and Chi-Square performance for Classification of Occupancy House
Journal homepage: http://ijicom.respati.ac.id By demonstrating extensive experiments, we can achieve classification accuracy and performance up to 0.839. It produces a better accuracy than Naïve Bayes' standard implementation with the same dataset. Therefore, the proposed technique by combining Naive Bayes and Chi-Square algorithms can attain the classification performance for this case and can be a useful approach to deal with the post-eruption rehabilitation approach. So, the government or organization can apply the model to classify occupancy houses in a real condition [5].

Conclusion
The learning algorithms can be a new method to classify the occupancy house status after the Indonesia eruption. In this paper, we propose Naive Bayes and Chi-Square to classify the data on the occupancy status for the reconstruction of rehabilitation centers of the Merapi eruption. Based on the experiment, the classification accuracy reaching a value amounted to 89.59%. While the results of the classification accuracy performance obtained an AUC = 0.839. Further research development needs to combine classification algorithms with feature selection and weight optimization algorithms, for example, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and AdaBoost learning algorithm.