{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.026555386949924126, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010622154779969651, 'mean_word_length': 4.785087719298246, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Air–sea dimethylsulfide (DMS) gas transfer in the North Atlantic: evidence for limited interfacial gas exchange at high wind speed

Shipboard measurements of eddy covariance dimethylsulfide (DMS) air-sea fluxes and seawater concen- tration were carried out in the North Atlantic bloom region in June/July 2011. Gas transfer coefficients ( k660) show a linear dependence on mean horizontal wind speed at wind speeds up to 11 m s 1 . At higher wind speeds the relationship be- tween k660 and wind speed weakens. At high winds, mea- sured DMS fluxes were lower than predicted based on the linear relationship between wind speed and interfacial stress extrapolated from low to intermediate wind speeds. In con- trast, the transfer coefficient for sensible heat did not exhibit this effect. The apparent suppression of air-sea gas flux at higher wind speeds appears to be related to sea state, as de- termined from shipboard wave measurements. These obser- vations are consistent with the idea that long waves suppress near-surface water-side turbulence, and decrease interfacial gas transfer. This effect may be more easily observed for DMS than for less soluble gases, such as CO2, because the air-sea exchange of DMS is controlled by interfacial rather than bubble-mediated gas transfer under high wind speed conditions.