{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024893547330494595, 'fraction_numerical': 0.011464133639043564, 'mean_word_length': 5.375782881002087, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Book Review: Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) User’s Manual

Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood, affecting the child’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is a clinical assessment tool designed and validated to evaluate gross motor function, and change in that function over time, in children with cerebral palsy. It is used widely internationally and is now the standard outcome assessment tool in this patient population. The second edition of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88): User’s Manual clearly details the development, validation, administration, scoring, and interpretation of the various versions of the Gross Motor Function Measure. In addition to the Gross Motor Function Measure–88 and Gross Motor Function Measure–66, this manual details two new abbreviated methods of estimating the Gross Motor Function Measure– 66 scores using Gross Motor Function Measure–66–Item sets and the Gross Motor Function Measure–66–Basal & Ceiling. The first part of the text provides a scholarly discussion detailing the development and validation the Gross Motor Function Measure. The manual clarifies the differences between the Gross Motor Function Measure–88 and Gross Motor Function Measure–66. The authors report on recent studies that provide evidence that the Gross Motor Function Measure–88 is also valid for use in children with Down syndrome and traumatic brain injury, as well as reliable for children with spinal muscular atrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The Gross Motor Function Measure–88 is also the preferred version to assess very young children with cerebral palsy and those wearing shoes, orthoses, or other mobility aids. In addition, the different versions have some variation in administration and scoring which is detailed within the text. One notable difference is that the Gross Motor Function Measure–88 can be scored without a computer, but the Gross Motor Function Measure–66 requires the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE-2) computer program (available online) to aid in scoring and interpretation of the data. The second part of the manual is a practical guide that includes precise, easy to follow instructions on how to administer and score the various test items. The testing items are best evaluated by physical therapists that are familiar with assessing motor skills in children. In addition to the written instructions, the authors provide an illustrative longitudinal case presentation that walks the reader through the issues involved in administering and interpreting the scores. In summary, the second edition of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88): User’s Manual is a wonderful resource for physical therapists and other health professional who work with children with cerebral palsy as well as for clinicians who are interested in assessing current gross motor function and monitoring change over time in both clinical and research settings.