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Global Middle Ages

This chapter considers societies and cultures outside western Europe from the early thirteenth to later fifteenth centuries by focusing with particular intensity on eastern Mediterranean societies. Rather than offering micro-surveys of a series of different contexts, some close to Europe and others further away, the chapter considers the late medieval world in global terms. The discussion focuses on the creation, projection, and realization of power by rulers during a period which has traditionally been associated with widespread turbulence and disintegration, and yet in which certain commonalities of political structures and culture can also be perceived. The global approach is comparative and largely political, but it also analyses dynamics which relate more to connectedness on social, economic, and cultural levels, and which also often involved movement over scales of all sorts: local, regional, transregional and even intercontinental. The principal relationship examined is between those with aspirations to high, supralocal power, and those who peopled the more fluid, fractured, and sometimes highly mobile formations that typify so much of the economic, social, religious, and cultural landscape of the late medieval centuries.