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Improvement of Safety and Efficiency of Cleaning Settled Dust in the Premises of Mining and Processing Enterprises

The results of study are given concerning the issues of improving safety and efficiency of cleaning settled dust in the premises of mining and processing enterprises using a mobile autonomous dust collection unit. The following is used in the work: data from literary sources and patent documentation in the field of technologies and technical means to improve safety and efficiency of cleaning settled dust in the premises of mining and processing enterprises; substantiation of the parameters of the operational characteristics of a mobile autonomous dust collecting plant; laboratory and production experiments; physical modeling. It is shown that when cleaning dust from the metal structures, equipment, as well as covering their surfaces, two nozzles were used: for cleaning caked dust and a flattened pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. Cleaning speed of 1 m2 of metal structures was 1.6–1.9 min. It was found that on the horizontal and lateral surfaces, as well as on the floor, a nozzle with a slit length of 240 mm and a width of 4.3 mm showed good results. Cleaning speed with such a nozzle is 1.33–1.48 m2/min. When the concrete floor is uneven or the thickness of the dust layer increased to 5–8 mm, the cleaning speed decreased to 0.55 m2/min. The design of the dust collecting plant and its operation modes are proposed, which allow collecting up to 0.6 t/h of the settled dust. Dust content in the air in the crushing shop of the sorting plant of the Rodina mine (Krivoy Rog, Ukraine) after cleaning the settled dust decreased from 4.5 to 2.5 mg/m3. Economic calculations showed that in addition to the social effect of using a dust collecting plant, an additional economic effect is possible, obtained by recovery and return of the collected dust to the technological process. The results of industrial tests confirmed its high efficiency. For the conditions of its work at the crushing and sorting factory of the Rodina mine, the expected economic effect is 5960 UAH per year.