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The role, carrier and mission of neural crest cells in the skin

The neuro crest arising from the ectoderm is a transient structure and disappears as the neurocrest cells leave these places to invade the whole embryo. The epidermis develops from the ectoderm in the fourth embryonal weeks. The embryos consist of cranial-,vagal-, truncal and sacral segments and the neuro crest cells migrate from these places to form various structures, including the peripheral nerve system, the craniofacial bones and cartilages, etc. The neuro crest cells degrade the basal membrane of neural tube and thereafter migrate through the extracellular matrix in ventromedial and dorsolateral direction. Neural crest cells use various cell adhesion molecules and diferent proteaes. The invasive capacity of these cells is infuenced by aquaporin-1 , too. . The sensory nerves developig from the neuro- crest cells can be found in the epidermis and its appendicular organ, the dermal autonomic nerves in the dermis. The epidermal melanocytes develop partly from the neural crest cells, partly from the Schwann cells of the sensory nerves. The cutaneous nerves produce and secrete neuropeptides thus contributing to the development of the skin into a neuroimmuno-endocrin organ.