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Detection of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis using a semi-purified fraction from Dipetalonema viteae total antigen.

A Dipetalonema viteae extract was separated by gel filtration on ACA 34 Ultrogel into four fractions (A, B, C and D). The allergenic activity of the D. viteae extract and its various fractions was assayed by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in rats using mouse sera obtained from Balb/c mice transplanted with D. viteae. The PCA reaction showed that fraction B was the most potent allergenic fraction of the D. viteae extract. By the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) the use of fraction B coupled to CNBr-activated paper discs showed elevated binding of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis human sera. A comparative study demonstrated the efficiency of the above fraction in the RAST technique in distinguishing between Onchocerca volvulus-infected patients and those infected with other human filarial worms or other helminth parasites. The binding of IgE to fraction B was confirmed by the radioimmunoelectrophoresis and radio-double diffusion methods using an 125I anti-human IgE. Since D. viteae antigens are more readily obtainable than those of O. volvulus, a further purification of fraction B to improve its specificity for the detection of IgE antibodies in human onchocerciasis is warranted.