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Teaching diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of bladder pathology using a newly developed pig bladder model.

PURPOSE
To present a newly developed, low-cost, easy-to-use training model for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in bladder pathology with real-time haptics.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The model consists of a white plastic box in which a removable unit is placed and has been constructed to accommodate a prepared pig bladder on a metal plate. Small and large bladder tumors can be created in the bladder enabling diagnostics and treatment. Also, foreign bodies, such as bladder stones, can be inserted for training in cystolitholapaxy.


RESULTS
This training model provides a realistic environment for training with the same instruments that are used in clinical practice. Numerous procedures can be performed, such as flexible and rigid urethrocystoscopy, biopsy taking, transurethral tumor resection, and cystolitholapaxy. The model is cheap and simple to create and install. Its practical usefulness has been proven during several training courses. Validation studies are under way.


CONCLUSIONS
Training in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in bladder pathology can be performed using this novel pig bladder model. The model offers a nonpressurized environment in which residents can acquire practical as well as procedural skills and material knowledge of urethrocystoscopy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, biopsy taking, and cystolitholapaxy.