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Chronic Binge Alcohol Administration (CBA) Impairs Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)‐Infected Rhesus Macaques

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that CBA accentuates muscle wasting at end‐stage SIV infection and this is associated with pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory skeletal muscle milieu as well as dysregulation of myoblast myogenic gene expression and myotube formation. Additionally, muscle of CBA/SIV macaques showed a greater reduction in the number and oxidative capacity (succinate dehydrogenase activity) of type 1 muscle fibers compared to that of sucrose administered SIV‐infected (SUC/SIV) and uninfected controls, Chronic alcohol consumption has been reported to result in mitochondrial DNA damage and impaired biogenesis; and this is considered an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of muscle myopathy. We hypothesized that CBA would impair the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function in SIV‐infected macaques.