{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013822688274547188, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0038131553860819827, 'mean_word_length': 4.354591836734694, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Judge exam in the kingdom of Serbia

The paper deals with the history of the judge exam in the Kingdom of Serbia.
 So far, this issue has not been the subject of legal-historical research,
 although the institution of a special judge exam has a tradition of more
 than a century in Serbian law. The subject of the paper is processed mainly
 on the basis of original unpublished and published archival material, as
 well as relevant domestic literature. Researching the history of the judge
 exam is important for researching the broader problem of judicial
 independence in the Kingdom of Serbia, since judicial competence is an
 important guarantee of judicial independence. The research of the history of
 the judge exam in Serbia is important at this moment given the fact that the
 official strategic documents of the Government of the Republic of Serbia
 announced the reform of the existing concept of the Bar Exam. Without
 knowing the beginnings of the application of the judge exam institution in
 Serbian law, it is difficult to implement a valid reform of the institution
 of the Bar Exam today. The institution of the judge exam was prescribed for
 the first time in the Kingdom of Serbia by the Law on Judges from 1891, but
 no sooner than 1911 did it come to life with the adoption of the Law on
 Judges and the Rules for Taking the Judge Exam. Only persons who worked in
 the civil service for a certain number of years had the right to take the
 judge exam, while lawyers who worked in the court were privileged in
 relation to lawyers from other professions. A number of measures were
 envisaged to ensure impartiality and publicity. The judge exam was
 three-part, consisting of a written essay (theme), solving a hypothetical
 case (clausura) and an oral exam. The legal-theoretical knowledge of the
 candidates about a specific institute, as well as the knowledge of national
 and comparative positive law were checked with the written essay. Clausura
 and the oral exam served to test the practical knowledge of the application
 of national material and procedural legislation.