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A Technique for Marking Individual Varroa Mites

One hindrance to a fuller understanding of the biology of Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman, 2000) is the difficulty in observing individual mites through multiple reproductive cycles under natural conditions. Most attempts to study the reproduction of individual mites has involved the transfer of mites from either brood cells or from adult bees to host larvae in newly capped brood cells (Ifantidis, 1983; Schultz, 1984; Ruijter, 1987; Steiner et al., 1994). These artificially induced ‘cell invasions’ may disrupt the normal reproductive biology of the mites. Moreover, it is often desirable to monitor a group of mites through time.