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Light-Assisted Metal-Air Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Metal-air batteries are considered one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices owing to their ultrahigh theoretical specific energy. However, sluggish cathode kinetics (O2 and CO2 reduction/evolution) result in large overpotentials and low round-trip efficiencies which seriously hinder their practical applications. Utilizing light to drive slow cathode processes has increasingly becoming a promising solution to this issue. Considering the rapid development and emerging issues of this field, this review aims to timely summarize the current understanding of light-assisted metal-air batteries in terms of configurations and mechanisms, provides the general design strategies and specific examples of photocathodes, systematically discuss the influences of light on the battery, and finally provide existing gaps and future priorities towards practical light-assisted metal-air batteries.