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Phase diagram of the Hubbard model: A variational wave-function approach.

We explore the phase diagram of the Hubbard model by generalizing the Gutzwiller variational wave function to take into account nearest-neighbor spin correlations. The energies of various variational states are calculated and compared. At half filling the lowest energy state has long-range antiferromagnetic correlations, in agreement with previous results. Away from half filling, when the antiferromagnet no longer has the lowest energy, the Gutzwiller approximation yields a lower energy than that found for small spin polarons.