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A genetic‐diagnostic survey in an institutionalized population of 158 mentally retarded patients. The Viaene experience

In this report we summarize the results of a genetic‐diagnostic survey of an institutionalized population of 158 severely mentally retarded patients. The etiological study was based on a clinical genetic approach with special attention to dysmorphology and neurological findings. In 72 patients a constitutional cause of their mental impairment was found: a chromosomal abnormality in 21, a Mendelian disorder in 36 (autosomal recessive disorder: 23; autosomal dominant: 12; and X‐linked recessive: 1), a MCA/MR syndrome in 9, and a CNS malformation in 6 patients. In 33 patients, a pre‐ or perinatal cause was found, and 20 patients presented a pre‐ or perinatal infection of the CNS. Finally, no etiological diagnosis was detected in 28 patients; 6 of them presented a hitherto unclassifiable type of familial mental retardation.