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Science as a Conscious Activity

Science appears to be the main generator of innovations, and technology is their concentrator, tool and source of public goods. At the same time, every inhabitant of the planet Earth understands that scientific and technological progress (STC) brings not only positive results. The disciplinarity of scientific knowledge has positive and negative sides. The positive is usually the performance efficiency due to specialization. The negative side is the lack of understanding of the general meaning of the activity. In the Middle Ages, any activity was directed towards God, served the tasks of salvation. Reason appeared as the main transforming force in the era of modern times. Marxism viewed science as a force leading to the construction of an ideal society. Modern science, without the meaning of its activity, turns into one of the service institutions. And as part of the superstructure of society, it dulls and disorganizes society. The superstructure, according to Marx, “growsˮ out of concrete material relations and influences them, justifying and supporting. Is it possible to have a holistic objective view of human development now? How can social progress and science be measured and guided? The author proposes the doctrine of a holistic approach to nature and society instead of the development of “priority sectors”. Since science as a social institution is a part of society, the focus on the formation of a better society will lead to an increase in the effectiveness of science.