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Dietary Fatty Acids and Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults

It is estimated that approximately 11–20 percent of older adults in the United States suffer from some form of mental disorder, such as anxiety and depression. Studies have shown that dietary factors can reduce cognitive and emotional symptoms. Numerous studies also support a relationship between the intake of dietary fatty acids and a decreased risk of developing dementia. However, the effects of different dietary fatty acids on emotional symptoms in older adults remain unclear. A cross‐sectional study was conducted that included 128 men and women aged 65–80. Individuals taking any medications that may influence brain function or diagnosed with dementia or any neurological disorders were excluded. Dietary intake was assessed using a Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depression and anxiety were assessed using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Partial Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between different intake of fatty acids and emotional status. Our findings indicate that total trans fat was positively correlated with GAI score (r=0.206; p=0.002). Intake of dietary n‐3 PUFA 18:4 (Stearidonic acid) (r= −0.233; p=0.010), dietary n‐3 PUFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic acid) (r= −0.220; p=0.014), dietary n‐3 PUFA 20:6 (Docosahexaenoic acid) (r= −182; p=0.044), and dietary n‐3 PUFA 22:5 (Docosapentaenoic acid) (r= −0.212; p=0.018) were inversely associated with GDS score. Results from multiple regression, after adjusting for gender, income, body mass index, education, and total calories, indicate that total trans fat was positively associated with GAI score (p=0.007; b= 0.236). Intake of dietary n‐3 PUFA 18:4 (p=0.010; b= −0.226) was inversely associated with GDS score. Findings suggest a need for reduced intake of trans fat and increased intake of n‐3 PUFA 18:4 to reduce the risk of developing anxiety and depression among older adults.