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Some Steps towards Realtime Control of a Spacecraft Simulator via a Brain-computer Interface

We explored the possibility of controlling a space-craft simulator in realtime using an analogue Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for 2-D pointer control. This is an extremely difficult task, for which no previous attempt has been reported in the literature. Our system relies on an active display which produces event-related potentials in the user’s brain. By analysing these, it is able to produce control vectors for the user interface at a rate of 10 per second. In tests, users of the simulator were told to pass as close as possible to the Sun. The simulation’s initial velocity was randomly selected in such a way that, in the absence of suitable control, the space-craft would almost always miss the Sun. To obtain a successful outcome, users had to control the simulator continuously for approximately one minute in each run. Performance was very promising, on average users managing to satisfy the simulation success criterion in 67.5% of the runs. Furthermore, to study the potential of a collaborative approach to space-craft navigation, we developed collaborative versions of the BCI for pointer control where the system is controlled via the integration of the brain activity of two users. We analysed their performance using the data acquired when training the BCI for use in the simulator. The analysis indicates that a collaborative BCI can produce trajectories that are statistically significantly superior to those obtained in the single-user case. This suggests that the application of both single-user and collaborative BCIs to the domain of space navigation