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Statistical modeling of fading and diversity for outdoor 60 GHz channels

While there is significant ongoing effort in indoor applications of 60 GHz unlicensed wireless communication, the 60 GHz band also has significant potential in providing an easily deployable outdoor broadband infrastructure, using mesh networks with link ranges of the order of hundreds of meters. In this paper, we investigate the statistics of a typical lamppost-to-lamppost 60 GHz link by using ray tracing. Due to the directionality of the link, the multipath is sparse but strong, leading to significant fades that must be combated using multiple antennas. We show that the diversity provided by a 2 by 2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) link with moderate antenna separation is sufficient for robust link performance. The two schemes we consider are transmit precoding along the dominant eigenmode (which requires channel state information at the transmitter) and the Alamouti space-time coding (which does not). We also show that the channel coefficients are well modeled as complex Gaussian with nonzero means, but the channel capacity is slightly overestimated by a Gaussian model whose correlations match those obtained from ray tracing.