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Physical assessment of solidification in appearance of nanoparticles within new shaped tank

To discover the efficacy of loading CuO nanoparticle on freezing within a container with a narrow fin, a numerical procedure was implemented in this paper. The pure phase change material (PCM) is H2O and various sizes of nanopowders have been mixed with this material. The ignoring of velocity terms in equations leads to a mathematical model involving nanoparticle enhanced PCM (NEPCM) properties and an associated source term. Testing the procedure with the prediction of the previously published data shows good implementation of the numerical method. The used grid in this study is viable to become finer in special regions and this option can increase the accuracy of the model. The maximum impacts of dp and [Formula: see text] on freezing time are 20% and 41.28%, respectively, and both factors make the process faster. The freezing period changes from 500.12 s to 293.58 s involving the nanomaterial with a fraction of 0.04 and radius of 20 nm.