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Amplitudes of Composition Fluctuations in the Simplest Chemical Reaction Equilibrium

Abstract We present a numerical study of equilibrium composition fluctuations in a system where the reaction X1 ⇔ X2 having the equilibrium constant equal to 1 takes place. The total number of reacting particles is N. On a discrete time scale, the amplitude of a fluctuation having the lifetime 2r reaction events is defined as the difference between the number of particles X1 in the microstate most distant from the microstate N/2 visited at least once during the fluctuation lifetime, and the equilibrium number of particles X1, N/2. On the discrete time scale, the mean value of this amplitude, m̅(r̅), is calculated in the random walk approximation. On a continuous time scale, the average amplitude of fluctuations chosen randomly and regardless of their lifetime from an ensemble of fluctuations occurring within the time interval (0,z), z → ∞, tends with increasing N to ~1.243 N0.25. Introducing a fraction of fluctuation lifetime during which the composition of the system spends below the mean amplitude m̅(r̅), we obtain a value of the mean amplitude of equilibrium fluctuations on the continuous time scale equal to ~1.19√N. The results suggest that using the random walk value m̅(r̅) and taking into account a) the exponential density of fluctuations lifetimes and b) the fact that the time sequence of reaction events represents the Poisson process, we obtain values of fluctuations amplitudes which differ only slightly from those derived for the Ehrenfest model.