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Recognition of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Children

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been diagnosed in a substantial number of children during the past 2 years. It is likely that many additional cases will be recognized as the clinical and laboratory features of AIDS become better known. We have emphasized the importance of careful epidemiologic, historical, and laboratory work-up of patients suspected of having AIDS. Management of the complications of severe immunodeficiency remains supportive and primarily involves ensuring adequate nutrition and aggresive treatment of infections. Prophylactic parenteral γ-globulin and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be helpful in reducing the incidence and severity of infections. The recent identification of a viral agent that appears to be the putative cause of AIDS should facilitate measures directed toward identification, prevention, and treatment of this disorder.