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Surface ozone pollution during the festival of Diwali, New Delhi, India

Pollution from carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphate and suspended particulate matter due to ignition of fireworks during the festival of Diwali is well established. Although surface ozone exhibits high natural variability throughout the year, any short term enhancement in ozone levels coupled with high level of pollutants during Diwali might prove to be deadly for a large number of elderly people and children with heart and respiratory ailments. Despite this fact, very little study on surface ozone pollution during the festival of Diwali has been reported from India so far. In the light of these observations, the changes in ozone concentration observed during Diwali at New Delhi in India have been studied to determine the amount and possible causes of ozone pollution apart from pollution due to ignition of fireworks. Compared to the normally observed ozone levels, the ozone concentration was higher during Diwali. The ozone levels were found to be higher in 2006 compared to 2004, and exceeded the ambient air quality standard for three hours. The results are discussed in light of enhanced vehicular traffic and emission of ozone precursor gases from fireworks, transport of ozone and climatic conditions during Diwali.