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2. INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

anomalies. These lesions were equally common in boys and in girls. There was no correlation between the order of birth and the incidence of extracardiac anomalies. Most of the patients revealed additional primary or contributing causes of death such as infections, pulmonary diseases and hemorrhages. Patients with left-to-right shunts showed the highest incidence of pneumonia, atelectases of the lungs and hyaline membrane disease. The heart disease was detected during life in only 68 per cent of the cases. Diagnostic fallacies were particularly common during the first week of life. Adequate management of cardiac children requires intimate co-operation between paediatricians and special clinics. The main objective of our panel is to stress this basic presupposition. With the exception of heart operations, which require highly specialized clinics, most of the topics to be discussed are every day problems for a general paediatrician. The following main subjects will be presented in the opening addresses: incidence of congenital heart disease, symptomatology and clinical diagnosis, the diagnostic value of routine X-ray studies, conservative treatment, indications for cardiac surgery and heart operations.