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Educating in a Postconventional Society

The question of personal identity is a fundamental question for religious education. Today people experience more frustration and confusion about many moral issues and norms than their ancestors. Many scholars in religious education have attempted to provide solutions for this moral confusion. Therefore a primary area of research is identity formation in our complex, multicultural and multireligious world. Since the beginning of modernization, the phenomena of moral confusion have stemmed from greater individualization, increased societal differentiation, and cultural and religious pluralism. These phenomena complicate the question of identity. With rapid social and cultural changes, the lack of a consistent framework of substantive norms or moral principles to define and understand personal identity leaves people feeling disoriented. Furthermore, the overwhelming nature of contemporary society where people do not often adequately to new social and cultural demands reveals a mismatch between the complexity of the culture’s curriculum (Robert Kegan’s term) and people’s capacity to grasp it (Kegan 1994, 10–11). Traditional values and norms do not seem to serve Christian adults in today’s situation. Christians are therefore challenged to develop Christian moral norms and values relevant to contemporary society and culture. People are pushed to live at a higher stage of moral development characterized by postconventional approaches to morality and society.1 Although only a minority of people are actually postconventional in orientation, many live in a postconventional context. The challenge is to shape a morality that coheres with the reality of moral