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Doubled Lives: Florence Valentine Keys, David Reid Keys, and the Work of English Studies

In her bestselling collection of double-jointed biographies, Parallel Lives, Phyllis Rose narrates the tandem tales of some noteworthy Victorian married couples. As Rose’s analyses make clear, such yokings of emotional and intellectual effort, such sharing of life’s path, may happen in spite of (or, one suspects, in some cases, because of) affective and psychic differences or incompatibilities. There is often, as Rose observes, a wide gap between those parallel tracks. It is also possible that relational lives (marital, familial, or otherwise affiliated) will initially appear parallel, seeming to run along commonly formulated lines with harmony and consistency, while being, on closer inspection, divergent. Such is the case with the two lives I consider here, of linked Canadian academic figures from the transition years of the latenineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. David Reid Keys (1856–1939) and Florence Valentine Keys (1869–1951) were siblings in a comfortable but not elite Toronto family. Although thirteen years separated them, both graduated in the Modern Languages Honours stream at University College, Toronto, and both pursued postgraduate studies in Europe. Each belonged to the pioneering generation of instructors and professors of English – Florence at Vassar, David at University College – and each sensed the nascent potential of the new discipline for social and cultural reform. Each was a ‘joiner,’ a member of societies and social movements; each was a traveller and an internationalist at heart; both ended their lives in Toronto. But while their biographies and scholarship may seem on the face of things consonant, how they lived those lives, what they had to do to achieve the positions with which they were rewarded, and how they accomplished their critical and educational labours were deeply differentiated. (Indeed, the lives and careers of both would ultimately become ‘doubled’ in other senses: David Keys lived in a perpetual