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Bartley's Theory of Rationality

Traditional discussions of rationality are concerned with two problems-the problem of rational action and the problem of rational belief. There are two major theories of rational action at present-decision theory and Popper’s situational logic. Decision theory is a prescription for rational action: List the options open to you, estimate the utilities and probabilities of the various possible outcomes and choose the option which maximizes expected utility (the minimax variant of decision theory recommends minimizing the maximum loss). Popper’s situational logic is a descriptive theory with methodological implications : If you want to understand X’s action, find out what X’s goals were and what X perceived his situation to be; X’s action will then be seen to be one appropriate to that perceived situation. Because it focuses on the goal-directed aspect of human activity, Popper’s theory is particularly useful to the anthropologist who is trying to understand rain-dances,, the historian who wants to explain strange military decisions,2 and even the methodologist who wishes to analyse typical decisions made in the course of scientific research.3 The discussion of the rationality of actions naturally gives rise to a second