{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03873598369011213, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0050968399592252805, 'mean_word_length': 5.4605263157894735, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Low-cost Transmission, Storage, and Integration for Renewable-source Energy: Hydrogen and Ammonia C-free Fuel Systems with Underground Pipelines, Salt Caverns, and Liquid NH3 Tanks

Electricity systems, as "smart" and extensive as we may create the "grid", may be technically and economically suboptimal vis-a-vis complete gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and anhydrous ammonia (NH3) energy systems. Recent studies alert us to the dangers of accommodating ever-increasing fractions of renewable electricity, from both centralized and distributed sources, on any electricity grid. We present technical and economic comparison of these renewable energy systems, suggesting research paths and demonstration pilot plants whereby we may discover and prove the advantages -if any -of GH2 and NH3 vis-a-vis electricity energy systems. A "Smarter Grid" may be more vulnerable to cyberattack; it is primarily a demand side management tool; "smarter" adds no physical transmission or storage capacity.