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Solar Radiation Characteristics in Shanghai

Based on the solar radiation and meteorological data of five meteorological stations of Baoshan, Chongming, Minhang, Fengxian, and Songjiang meteorological stations in Shanghai from 1982 to 2021, the suitable climatological formula for calculating solar radiation in the Shanghai area was selected as Qg = Qt (a+bS) by applying the climatological calculation principle of total solar radiation. The empirical coefficients for each month of the equations were fitted using the least squares method based on the total radiation and sunshine percentages for each month of the calendar year at five meteorological stations. The results show that the average total radiation of Shanghai in 1982-2021 is 4688.69 MJ/m2, among which the total radiation is the most in May, the least in January and December, and although the noon solar altitude angle is the largest in June and July, the total radiation is less than in May and August due to the new influence of the rainy season sky shading than in May. Due to the small area of the Shanghai region, the difference in total solar radiation between the five stations for each month is insignificant. In terms of the spatial distribution of total solar radiation, the northeastern and coastal areas of Shanghai have the most, and the Baoshan area has relatively less; the northern part has the most in spring; the coastal area has the most in summer; the spatial distribution of total solar radiation in winter and autumn is similar, both having the least in the northeast.