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Mapping the human brain metabolome and influences of gut microbiome

There is compelling evidence implying critical role of gut‐brain axis in neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Consequently, microbially‐derived metabolites, e.g., secondary bile acids, have been shown to be altered in blood, faecal and brain tissues of AD patients. The presence of these microbially‐derived products in brain suggests that gut metabolites can cross the blood brain barrier and modify brain function. Yet it remains challenging to disentangle human and microbial contributions to the brain metabolome and to link microbial metabolites back to species of origin.