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A PAM-4 10S/12S line coding scheme with equi-probable levels

We propose an equi-probable line coding scheme for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)-4. This encoding scheme can be used for improving the spectral efficiency of high speed serial links. Equi-probable PAM symbols also ensure atleast one zero-crossing transition in every encoded word, which is sufficient enough to recover the symbol clock from the received data. The equi-probable encoded words make design of the comparators at the receiver easy by aiding an automatic threshold tracking mechanism. This proposed encoding technique has a maximum contiguous symbol run length of 8, and ensures a DC balancing of encoded signals. The proposed 10S/12S encoding scheme has an overhead of 20%, as compared to the 25% overhead in the commonly used 8B/10B schemes.