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A numerical simulation of water jet injection behavior in fuel–coolant interaction

ABSTRACT Water injection mode of molten fuel and coolant interaction is a key issue during the steam generator tube rupture accident in liquid metal reactors. The focus of the present study is placed on the numerical simulation of the water jet behavior falling into a pool of a denser fluid in order to get qualitative and quantitative understanding of initial premixing phase of water injection mode. A multi-phase code with the volume of fluid (VOF) method is developed. The simulation results are compared with experimental data to examine the capability of the current approach. Effects of density ratio and Froude number on cavity penetration velocity are quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results show surface waves and breakup behavior occur both at the top of the cavity during cavity collapse and at the cavity boundary. The simulation results are compared with the existing theories. At the top of the cavity, the water jet wavelength is close to the value estimated based on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. At the cavity boundary, melt wave length is close to the value estimated based on the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.