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Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Originating from the Non‐Pulmonary Vein Foci

Recent studies have demonstrated that pulmonary veins (PVs) are the major site of ectopic foci initiating atrial fibrillation (AF), and isolation of the PVs from the atrial tissue can cure 65–85% of patients with AF. Furthermore, many laboratories have demonstrated the important role of non-PV ectopic beats initiating AF. The non-PV ectopic beats may arise from the superior vena cava (SVC), left atrial posterior free wall (LPFW), crista terminalis (CT), coronary sinus ostium (CSO), ligament of Marshall (LOM), or interatrial septum (IAS), with an incidence of around 20% (may be up to 35% in chronic AF).1-4 Our concepts and techniques in ablation of non-PV ectopy-initiating AF will be presented in this review article.