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Energy Storage Systems in Emerging Electricity Markets: Frequency Regulation and Resiliency

Different Federal Energy Regulator Commission (FERC) orders have provided the opportunity for battery energy storage systems (ESSs) to participate in markets. The ability to be a fast-ramping generator or load allows ESSs to provide different grid services. This paper discusses opportunities for ESSs to participate in multiple existing and future electricity markets. The economic value of ESSs can be further increased by pragmatically participating in markets and services considering operational and degradation aspects. The impact of ESS on grid resilience is discussed, including resilience-as-a -service. ESSs can restore the grid to its 100% resilient state during system events, and may also reduce the resilience degradation time during extreme events.