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A Reply to Professor Connolly's “On Identifying Laryngeal Reflexes in Germanic”

Professor Connolly begins his article with an enumeration of several laryngeal etymologies proposed over the years for various Gmc. forms. Many of these have been disputed (as in Voyles 1989). But Connolly's main concern in this piece is to propose a laryngeal account of one particular change that occurs in North and West Germanic. (Here we shall, like Connolly, consider only its WGmc. reflexes.) In Voyles 1992:51 we formulated the change as part of what we called "first umlaut." The change is optional and may be roughly stated as follows: