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Fabrication of Highly Oriented TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and their Application in DSSC

A two-electrode technique has been employed to anodize Ti foils for obtaining highly oriented TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays. The morphology of the NT arrays was characterized by scanning electron microscope. With increasing anodization time, the lengths and diameters of TiO2 NT arrays was added from 6.7 to 19.5 μm, and 90 to 110 nm, respectively. As confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra, the as-anodized TiO2 NTs were amorphous but transformed into anatase phase after thermal annealing at 450°C for 3 hours. Reflectance spectrum of TiO2 NT arrays showed that the layer with longer NTs can lower the reflectance in the visible spectrum because of the stronger light scattering effects of NTs, thus enhancing light harvesting from NTs. Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using TiO2 NT arrays (tube-lengths: 6.7, 12.8, 16.3 and 19.5 μm). The characteristic of photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) showed that higher conversion efficiencies can be achieved with the longer NTs.