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Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Dietary Patterns in the REGARDS Study Population

Socioeconomic status (SES), typically assessed by education and income, has been associated with measures of diet quality; however, such measures have not directly captured individuals’ overall eating practices. Based on factor analysis of 56 food groups from food frequency questionnaires, patterns of food consumption were examined for their associations with SES in a nationally representative sample of 21,636 black and white participants (age >; 45) from the REGARDS study. Logistic regression adjusted for age, race, geographic region and sex was used to examine adherence to three emergent dietary patterns (Sweets, Southern, and Plant‐based) according to education (college graduate or high school non‐graduate) and income (>;$75K or <$20K). Based on odds‐ratios (OR) at a p<0.05, college graduates were less likely to adhere to Sweets or Southern dietary patterns than those who did not complete high school (OR=0.76, OR=0.38). Subjects making >;$75k were less likely to adhere to Sweets or Southern patterns than those making <$20k (OR=0.62, OR=0.43). When evaluating Plant‐based patterns, greater adherence was observed in college graduates (OR=1.84), with white college graduates having greater adherence than black (OR=2.18, OR=1.41). Further research is needed to understand the interactions of SES, food intake and health risk in the diverse US population.