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Bonuses and the Bureau System: Incentive Schemes and the Management of Waterfront Labour in New Zealand, 1951–1968

This essay examines key features of the administration of waterfront work in New Zealand during the latter part of the era when labour-intensive break-bulk methods of cargo handling were the norm. In particular, it focuses on a set of tensions that emerged between the wage form and the formal principles of organisation of the internal labour market that was institutionalised by the "bureau" system of labour administration. This waterfront labour scheme was the New Zealand solution to the problem of decasualising employment in the industry. It was created by the state in 1940 and persisted in modified form after the momentous 1951 dispute which resulted in the national Waterside Workers Union (WWU) being dismantled and replaced by twenty-six new port unions. I Like its counterparts in other countries, the bureau system created an "indirect" employment relationship between waterfront employers and workers, mediated by a state-appointed agency, the Waterfront Industry Commission (WIC). 2 As in other countries, this system of labour administration posed particular problems of control for waterfront employers. 3 This paper