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The Ultimate Fighting Championship and Zuffa: From 'Human Cock-Fighting' to Market Power

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (“UFC”) is the premier mixed martial arts (“MMA”) promotion in the world and is the most recent athletic organization to attain a dominant market share that arguably constitutes a monopoly or monopsony. Antitrust law prohibits organizations from restraining trade or intentionally stamping out market place competition to attain or maintain monopoly power. The UFC’s behavior has raised significant concerns about competition in two separate markets: the MMA Promotional Market and Elite MMA Labor Market. While the MMA Promotional Market appears more competitive than it has ever been, the Elite MMA Labor Market has seen significant reductions in competition. This reduction in competition has left MMA fighters vulnerable to exploitation and coercion. Without some regulatory oversight and with major gaps in relevant legislation, the fighters are left with few choices.