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Assessing Open Source Software Success in Learning Management Systems Context in Jordan: Applied Of an Integration of Technology Acceptance Model and Information Systems Success

The main purpose of this study is to depend on an integration of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Information Systems Success (ISS) model that was altered to define the success variables of Open Source Software (OOS) based on Open-EMIS system that attaches to Education Ministry of Jordan by employees. The methodology of current study was built on quantitative approach with two waves of data collection (Pre and posttest). For test hypotheses purposes, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied. Moreover, the added value of this research is to meet the poverty in literature engaged with OOS. It is also contributed at exploring how the Education Ministry of Jordan can reap benefits from OpenEMIS usage. The study disclosed perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, service quality, system quality, information quality, user satisfaction and intention to use as important variables for influencing Open-EMIS usage; as important finding, the relationships between the variables in pre and post-phases do not differ significantly. Finally, the future work in OOS area is recommended to be conducted.

Consequently, (Hossein Mohammadi, 2015) applied an integration of TAM and IS success model in his influential study. The scope of this study was e-learning technology. This study aimed at exploring the quality features (system, information and service), perceived usefulness on users' intentions and satisfaction, alongside the mediating effect of usability towards use of e-learning in Iran. Structural Equation Model (SEM) and path analysis were appointed to examine the study model. The overall results indicated that the factors had a positive effect toward e-learning usage.

Previous Related Studies
Basically, the main role of Management information systems is to transform the form of data from raw material shape into information to be employed in organization. The elevated quality of information assists organizations and institutions in different aspects; for instance, manage, enhance and coordinate their business processes, make a right decisions, and ameliorate organizational performance (Hasan,Y et al ,2013).
Al-mamary, Shamsuddin, and Aziati (2014) investigated research titled "Factors Affecting Successful Adoption of Management Information Systems in Organizations towards Enhancing Organizational Performance" .In this influential work, six dimensions were specified for determining the success of OOS adoption namely; system quality, information quality, use, user satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact . In addition to this study, there were many researches in literature that presented the measured items of information system for the impact and benefits of individuals and organizations such as staff reduction, overall productivity gains, increased revenues, increased sales, increased profits, increased work volume, product quality, and contribution to achieving goals etc. Moreover organizational performance is accumulated end results of all the organization's work processes and activities (Al-mamary et al., 2014b; Jean, Sinkovics, & Kim, 2008; Yunis, Tarhini, & Kassar, 2017). Moreover, (Al-mamary, Shamsuddin, & Aziati, 2014a) apply another items to measure the impact of information system on organizational performance such as productivity, efficiency, profitability, market value, competitive advantage, cost reduction, revenue enhancement, and overall organization performance. In addition to, Organization value of OOS has been elucidated in several methods such as productivity, efficiency, reliability, and security (Chengalur-smith et al, 2010).

The OOS Model and its Hypotheses
Linking to (TAM) and D&M updated model, this study employs an integrated model for assessment OOS success at Jordanian education ministry. Thus, nine dimensions were suggested for examining OOS success: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, training, service quality, information and system quality, intention to use/use, user satisfaction and net benefits. In the proposed model, it postulates that system quality, information quality , service and training quality of OOS are connected to intention to use/use and user satisfaction; perceived ease of use and usefulness are also affected the intention to use factors; and these in turn; influence intention to use and user satisfaction which effect on net benefits of OOS.
Perceived ease of use -Perceived ease of use can be known as the degree to which a user notarizes that learning to have a technology demands little effort. Perceived ease of use measures often count on easy to learn; easy to manage; self-efficiency; simplicity; and compatibility (C. Yi et al, 2009;W. Wang, Y. Liu, 2009).
The effect of perceived ease of use has been revealed in many studies specifically in education context. In literature, it has been hypothesized that perceived ease of use has a positive effect on intention to use (Chen and Tseng, 2012; Chow, Herold, Choo, & Chan, 2012; Islam, 2013; Li et al., 2012). Meanwhile, perceived ease of use has indirect effect on intention to use through perceived usefulness (Chen and Tseng, 2012). Accordingly, this study supposes that: H1: Perceived ease of use will significantly have a positive effect on employee's perceived usefulness Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase.
H2: Perceived ease of use will significantly have a positive effect on employee's intention to use of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase.
Perceived usefulnessperceived usefulness can be known as user's perception that undergoes to apply their functions within use technology will ameliorate the performance and productivity. Perceived usefulness measures often count on performance; effectiveness; productivity; risk perception; and trust (C. Service Qualitythe effective success of service quality dimension symbolizes the quality of the support that the users extradite from the IT department of organization and IT support personnel. Service quality measures often count on responsiveness, accuracy, reliability, technical competence, and empathy of the IT personnel staff (Zaied, F. Khairalla, 2007; R. Connolly, F. Bannister, 2008).
The effect of service quality has been revealed in many studies specifically in education context. In literature, it has been hypothesized that service quality has a positive effect on both user satisfaction System Qualitythe effective success of systems quality dimension comprises the desirable characteristics of information systems and, thus, categories measures of the Information systems itself. System quality measures usually centralize in many aspects such as ease of use, system flexibility, system reliability, and ease of learning, as well as system features of intuitiveness, sophistication, flexibility, and response times (Liao et  FT-2020-94 The effect of system quality has been revealed in many studies specifically in education context. In literature, it has been hypothesized that system quality has a positive effect on both user satisfaction H8: systems quality will significantly have a positive effect on employee's intention to use of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase.
H9: systems quality will significantly have a positive effect on employee's Satisfaction of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase.
Information Qualitythe high extremely success level of information quality dimension frames the desirable characteristics of an IS's outcome. Information quality typically depends on many classifications such as relevance, understandability, accuracy, conciseness, completeness, understandability, currency, timeliness, and usability (S. Swaid, R. Wigand, 2010).
The effect of information quality has been revealed in many studies specifically in education context. In literature, it has been hypothesized that information quality has a positive effect on both user satisfaction The effect of user satisfaction has been revealed in many studies specifically in education context. In literature, it has been hypothesized that user satisfaction has a positive effect on both user net benefits (Lin, 2007;Mohammadi, 2015) and intention to use (Mohammadi, 2015). As result, this study supposes that: H12: User satisfaction will significantly have a positive effect on employee's intention to use of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase. The effect of intention to use has been revealed in many studies specifically in education context. In literature, it has been hypothesized that intention to use has a positive effect on net benefits (Lin, 2007;Mohammadi, 2015). As result, this study supposes that: H14: intention to use/use will significantly have a positive effect on net benefits of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase.
Net benefitsreaching the high extremely success level of net benefits dimension frames the extent to which IS are giving a share in the success of the different stakeholders. Net benefits measures often count on improved decision-making, improved productivity, increased sales, cost reductions, improved profits, According to aforementioned, The OOS proposed model and its hypotheses are completely justified by past studies in the IS literature. Thus, the present study can shape the model and its hypotheses, as follows:

Research Methodology 3.1 Range of Study
This study embarked to use the proper approach for achieving the study goals and objectives which is a quantitative approach. The quantitative method has a capability at investigating the current study topic; because it has the ability for utilizing numerical method and statistical tools for gathering and analyzing data to obtain the accurate results. Focusing on the data of this research which would be acquired to examine the study objectives; the data could be categorized into two classes which are secondary and primary data.
The secondary data of this study point out of various sources which are obtainable from text books, Journals and magazines. The primary data refers to the data collected from first-hand experience that can be done via different techniques such as interview, case study method, questionnaires or observation of the new FT-2020-96 phenomena. As abovementioned, this study employed the quantitative approach, the questionnaires were distributed to the chosen sample for getting the requisite data to examine the model and hypotheses of this study.

Instruments Measurement
Items options of this study instrument were ranked on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree). The higher score refers to higher level of effecting use the current system.
For purposing of measures and developing the constructs proposed of this study, the prior validated measures were employed to reinforce the items of the current study constructs (Sugianto and Tojib, 2006). After reviewing and understanding the related constructs in the literature review, the items of current construct were developed and adapted based on declared literature.
Specifically, the construct of this study has 9 dimension. The first dimension is the training factor which has 5 items adopted from Venkatesh and Davis (1996). Service quality factor includes 4 items that adopted from Wang and Wang (2009) Lin and Hsieh (2007). Finally, the Net benefits factor has 5 items which refined and measured from instruments utilized Gable et al. (2008) and .Full instrument items can be seen at Appendix A.

Sample Plan and Size
Basically, the nature meaning of sampling is to fetch information from a section of population. This process is to represent the whole population .So that, the main goal of sampling technique is to have the essential characteristics of population of targeted study as possible.
For many reasons engaged with researchers such as accessing the subjects easily, easy to handle, the cost issues and when the respondents are in house. Therefore, the convenience sampling technique was used for getting the sample size of current study population. The sample size of study was started with (450) participants who freely accepted to be a part of this study.

Data Collection and Time Frame
Because that the mother language of the population of this study is Arabic. The instruments items of this study were measured and developed in English Language, the items of instrument were moved into Arabic version by three experts in linguistic. The collected data were from the employees who use the Open-EMIS system at Jordanian Education Ministry. Before starting a data collection processes, this research was held a pilot study that proceed with 10 employees. The main conclusion results of pilot study is to discover the occult and mistakes of questions and correct them.
After making sure the questionnaire of current study came up with desired version, the questionnaires were disseminated to the sample through on-line survey. The researcher committed to distribute the questionnaires to the users by sending the survey link , these steps were performed in order to ensure that the respondents had a privacy and confident to fill the questionnaires without any consequences .This was achieved to minimize the potential threat of common method bias Podsakoff et al (2003).
In pretest phase (Oct, 2017), the returned questionnaires were (386) with (85.8) % rate of response. Due to missing data, (364) responses were just utilized for analysis purposes. Two month period of time was consumed to perform the data collection processes.
After one and half year, the employees of education ministry of Jordan worked through Open-EMIS system and completed their tasks. The posttest phase was launched, the returned questionnaires were (372) with (82.7) % rate of response. Due to missing data, (330) responses were just utilized for analysis purposes. . Two month and half period of time was consumed to perform the data collection processes. Table 1 presents the demographic breakdown for the pre and post phases' sample of Jordanian Education Ministry employees. The valid sample size of pre and post -test were 364 and 330 respectively.

Results
In term of Gender category in pre and posttest, the percentage of female was 73.6 and 72.4 whilst the remaining percentage was (26.4) and (27.6) respectively. Now coming to experience classification in pre and posttest, the percentage of the sample who have an experience work at Jordanian ministry of education that less than 5 years was (25.5) and (23.9) respectively; while, the percentage of the employees who fall down in the range between 5 to 10 was (25.8) and (25.8) respectively; while , the percentage of the employees who fall down in the range between 10 to 15 was (26.6) and (27.3) respectively and the percentage of others who worked for 15 years and above was (22.0) and (23.0) respectively. In pattern of qualifications characteristic in pre and posttest, the percentage of the respondents who have diplomas (before BA degree) was (15.4) and (15.5) respectively; while, the percentage of the respondents who have bachelor's degrees was (57.1) and (56.4) respectively ;while, the percentage of the respondents who have diplomas (After BA degree) was (17.9) and (18.5) respectively; while, the percentage of the respondents who have Master degrees was (8.2) and (8.2) respectively ; and the percentage of remaining who have PhD degrees was (1.4) and (1.5) respectively. Now coming to Job title classification in pre and posttest, the percentage of the respondents who have Administrative job was (22.0) and (22.4) respectively; while, the percentage of the respondents who work as a teacher was (67.9) and (66.7) respectively; while, the percentage of the respondents who work as a School manager was (7.7) and (8.2) respectively and the reset percentage who work as Supervisor was (2.5) and (2.7) respectively. To achieve some matters such dimensionality, convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied. More clarify, the model that be renewed the proposed variables of this study.  Marsh, 1990) ; RMR comes to be maximum fit when the value less than .06 (Browne & Cudeck, 1993) and CMIN/DF comes to be maximum fit when the value more than 1 and less than 5 (Marsh & Hocevar, 1985). As a result, all the fits for the nine item model were agreeable as evident in table 2. Where the table 3 gives the measurement the potential threats of CMV that does not seems to exist.  Note: full abbreviations in appendix B.

Goodness-of-fit-indices pre-test post-test
Next step of current study analysis, to evaluate and estimate the normality and skewness of the responses, the mean and standard deviation of the measures were produced. As can be seen from table 4 and 5, the data of this study appears to distribute normally depending on the mean and standard deviation values.  In pre-implementation and postimplementation phases, KMO Measure of sampling adequacy is equal to 0.972 and 0.975 respectively; above the cut-off point of .70, in similar fashion Bartletts‗Test of Sphericity value is equal to 17394.32 with a degree of freedom equals to 820 and 14863.11 with a degree of freedom equals to 703 respectively, and the p-value of the research study sample indicated to be significant. As a results from table 6, this offered for us a strong baseline and trust to continue with current research analysis.
Due to CFA some items were deleted in pre and post construction. Cronbach's alpha values were more than benchmark of .60; in like manner CR and AVE were also more than benchmark of .70 and .50 as suggested by (Hair et al., 2006). Fornell and Larcker (1981) proposed that if AVE < .05, but the CR is > 0.6, this signalizes that the convergent validity of the construct is still acceptable. Relay on recent consequence, the constructs convergent validity is not seem to be influenced .Finally, convergent and discriminant validity of the study constructs are obviously presented The figures 2 and 3 present the structural equation model that obtained from the AMOS software both in pre and posttest; in order to examine the hypothesis of current study. The strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of current study was gauged, as can be seen in table 7.   FT-2020-103 results of current study confirm that User satisfaction has direct and significant effect on employee's intention to use of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase (H12 gained support).

Figure2 : Pre-test Figure3 : Post-test
The table 7 also presents that User satisfaction has a direct positive effect on net benefits of Open-EMIS System both in pre and post-implementation phase (H13gained support). The result also depict that intention to use/use has a direct positive effect on net benefits of Open-EMIS System both in pre and postimplementation phase (H14gained support).
In order to have a comprehensive view about the results in pre and post-test, the coefficients and t-statistics were harnessed. As can be observed from table 9, there is no vary significantly of the strength of the relationship between the proposed variables. Accordingly, this gives a robust for the findings of current study in pre and post-test.

Discussion and Conclusion
The main purpose of this research work was to validate a model that tries to get better understanding about the determinants of Net benefits for OSS representative by Open-EMIS system in Education Ministry of Jordan in LMS Context. ).Next, User satisfaction was discovered to gain a positive and significant harmonize with intention to use of Open-EMIS System in two test waves (pre and post) , this is linked to (Mohammadi, 2015).Additionally, User satisfaction was discovered to gain a positive and significant harmonize with net benefits of Open-EMIS System in two test waves (pre and post) , this is linked to (Lin, 2007;Mohammadi, 2015).Finally, Intention to use/use was uncovered to gain a positive and significant harmonize with net benefits of Open-EMIS System in two test waves (pre and post) , this is linked to (Lin, 2007;Mohammadi, 2015).
The results of current study show that Training factor did not affect User satisfaction of open-EMIS system both in pre and post folds. Moreover, Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness Training factor, Service quality and System quality did not have a significant effect Intention to use of Open-EMIS system both in pre and folds. According to this results, this might motivate the Education Ministry of Jordan to reconsider these factors and take them in place to be studied accurately.
This study recommends that there is a need to apply many researches to examine the presented findings of current study with maximizing the sample size. The trend of future works with a longitudinal approach will be welcomed to deeply understand the factors affecting OOS.

Constructs
Survey items Training Factor T1: The kind of training provided to me was complete. T2: My level of understanding was substantially improved after going through the training program. T3: The training gave me confidence in the OpenEMIS system. T4: The training on the OpenEMIS system was of adequate length and detail. T5: The trainers were knowledgeable and aided me in my understanding of the OpenEMIS system. Service quality SQ1:OpenEMIS system provides a proper online assistance and explanation. SQ2: OpenEMIS system department staff responds in a cooperative manner. SQ3: OpenEMIS system provides me with the opportunity of reflecting views. SQ4: OpenEMIS system provides me with courses management.
Technical system quality TSQ1: OpenEMIS system allows information to be readily accessible to me. TQS2: OpenEMIS system makes information very accessible. TQS3: OpenEMIS system always does what it should. TQS4:OpenEMIS system user interface can be easily adapted to one's personal approach. TQS5: All data within OpenEMIS system is fully integrated and consistent. TQS6: OpenEMIS system can be easily modified, corrected or improved.