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Assessment of the Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract Effect on The Diameter of Pancreatic Islets in Alloxan-Induced Mice

Diabetes mellitus is one of a non-communicable disease whose prevalence continues to increase from year to year in both developed and developing countries. In Indonesia, it is estimated that 12 million people aged ≥15 years old had diabetes mellitus in 2013. Treatment of diabetes mellitus by using plant extract has been reported to have good results. One of the plants that have antidiabetic effects is Annona muricata. Annona muricata leaf extract was found to increase pancreatic beta-cell regeneration. This study aimed to determine the effect of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract (SLEE) on the diameter of pancreatic islets in alloxan-induced mice. This study used a true experimental design with posttest-only control group design. The samples used were 30 male Swiss Webster mice with 12-14 weeks of age and 20-30 grams of body weight. Samples were then randomly divided into 5 groups, induced with alloxan and treated for 14 days. The group consisted of: negative control, positive control that was treated with 0,65 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide, P1 that was treated with 150 mg/kg BW, P2 with 300 mg/kg BW and P3 with 600 mg/kg BW of SLEE. The diameter of pancreatic islets was measured by histopathological examination stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Bivariate analysis showed a significant difference between negative control group with P1 (p = 0.007) and P2 (p = 0.004) group. Therefore, soursop leaf ethanol extract given in a dose of 300 mg/kg BW was the most effective in increasing the diameter of pancreatic islets.