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The Star Alignment Hypothesis for the Great Pyramid Shafts

The small shafts in the Great Pyramid have generated much discussion. The purpose of this article is to examine the contention that “... an increasing number of Egyptologists are now accepting that they [the shafts] may be aligned towards star culminations”. A major objection is raised by Gantenbrink: “All the shafts bend, often several times.... In several parts of the shafts, with the exception of the lower southern one, we even found extreme angle fluctuations.... Given the many angle fluctuations, the shafts could be construed to be pointing at some 100 different stars.” Despite this, Gantenbrink did succeed in establishing the shafts’ principal angles of slope. Assuming alignment of the principal angles to culminations, and with construction in the middle of the third millennium B.C., it is possible to calculate an alignment date, remembering that “No building can be planned in such a way as to prevent its axis from pointing to some heavenly body at some date or other; and unless there is some evidence to show that a building was intended to point to some particular body in the sky, nothing can be gained by finding out the date at which it pointed to the body”. Despite the above admonition, we will examine the surviving sources to try and determine the important parts of the sky in the Old Kingdom. We will also investigate shaft geometry.