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Histopathology of Botryosphaeria ribis in Melaleuca quinquenervia: Pathogen Invasion and Host Response

The histopathology of Botryosphaeria ribis invasion and Melaleuca quinquenervia response was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Infection of excised leaves in a moist chamber occurred through wounds and stomata, and tissue discoloration followed. Development of callus tissue on wounded stems was more pronounced after spring inoculations than after fall inoculations and, likewise, more on nonstressed ramets than on stressed ramets. Callus ridges on B. ribis-inoculated wounds were surrounded by two-to-three-celled suberized layers, which were also present on callus ridges of noninoculated wounds and healthy bark. Cells in callus ridges of B. ribis-inoculated wounds had lignified cell walls and contained tanninoid substances that were invaded by hyphae. Invasion of callus tissue occurred through the interface between the callus ridges and the sapwood. Invasion and discoloration of phloem, cambium, and xylem occurred beyond the margins of callus ridges. In noncallused wounds, hyphal colonization was extensive in the cambium and phloem regions. In both callused and noncallused stems, hyphae grew inter- and intracellularly in the cortex, cambium, xylem, and pith. Callus did not limit fungal invasion of newly formed tissues or the tissues formed prior to wound inoculation. Stem girdling by the fungus appeared to be delayed by callus formation.