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Environmental Triggers in Migraine patients in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: A migraine is a disabling condition that is characterized by persistent headaches which vary in severity. Migraines are extremely common and represent a major public health concern due to their effect on the quality of life and job performance, which can also lead to a significant financial burden on global economies [1]. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed among migraineurs attending primary healthcare centers and hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions about sociodemographic data, number of attacks, and environmental factors triggering migraines, in order to assess their prevalence. Results: A total of 415 participants were recruited. The most common age group was 31– 50 years old (46.5%), with females dominating the males (84.8% vs 15.2%). The prevalence of migraines that affected activities of daily living (ADL) was 80% (CI=75.7% - 84.3%). The most common environmental factors that triggered migraines were noise (87.7%), followed by outdoor light exposure (81.4%), and indoor lighting, such as fluorescent light, and computer systems (79%). In univariate analyses, migraines that interfered with ADL were more common in patients with a bachelor’s degree (p=0.019) and those who were taking migraine medication (p=0.003). Conclusion: Migraines are highly prevalent in our region, most specifically among women. Noise, outdoor light exposure, indoor lighting, fluorescent lights, and computer systems usage were the most triggering environmental factors of migraines. These factors dissuade patients from doing their daily activities. Key words: Migraine, environmental factors, patients, primary healthcare center.