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Systematic Review of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Mitral Valve Infective Endocarditis

Objective The scope of application of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is expanding. However, the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery in the setting of infective endocarditis is not well known. We sought to identify the best evidence available to support a minimally invasive surgical approach for mitral valve infective endocarditis. Methods A systematic review of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for infective endocarditis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results A total of 6 manuscripts describing 271 patients were identified. Mean age was 60.4 ± 14.9 years old, and 60.1% patients were male. Mean EuroSCORE II was 24.6 ± 23.2. Mitral valve repair was achieved in 32.4% of cases. The average in-hospital mortality was 9.4%, and average length of hospital stay was 21.6 days. Survival was 89.1% at 30 days, and 1-year survival was 79.3%. Rate of conversion to sternotomy was 1.8%. Postoperative complications included: 6.9% postoperative bleeding, 9.3% new postoperative dialysis, 2.3% postoperative stroke, and 3.4% recurrence of endocarditis. Reoperation over the long-term was required in 9.3% of cases. Conclusions Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for infective endocarditis has acceptable perioperative morbidity as well as short- and intermediate-term mortality at experienced centers. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery may be an acceptable alternative approach to infective endocarditis and warrants further study.