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A Feasibility Study on Flapping Wing Actuation using Dielectric Elastomers

Introduction of smart materials as actuators in flapping wing micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) eliminates the need for the traditional rotary power delivery mechanisms, allowing for lighter, smaller and more energy efficient designs. General kinematics of insect flight is investigated to relate the independent variable wing length to two dependent variables wingbeat frequency and stroke amplitude, to establish a benchmark of characteristics the smart material must possess. Dielectric Elastomers due to their high actuation strain, high actuation speed, low density, compliant nature and silent operation were evaluated to be suitable for flapping wing actuation. Through an experimental reference design study, corresponding finite element validation and extrapolation of the model to a unimorph bender actuator representative of an insect wing, a path is laid to achieving the kinematic parameters required for flight. Further modelling and analysis of the high voltage custom waveform generator and sensing circuit used in the experiments is done using a SPICE simulator.