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Body Composition and its Relationship with Metabolic Profile in School‐ Age Children

Several studies have reported that body fat is associated with metabolic changes, inflammation and insulin resistance. Objective: Analyze the association between fat mass and metabolic risk factors in a group of school‐age children. Methods: A descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed that included 97 children aged 6‐12 years (47 girls, 50 boys) from La Plata city (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Body weight, height, skinfold thickness, and electrical resistance were measured. Total body water and percentage of fat mass (FM %) was determined by the deuterium isotope dilution technique (DI). FM% was also obtained by reported prediction equations based on bioelectrical impedance (BIE) and anthropometry (SF). Total serum cholesterol (TC), c‐HDL, triglycerides (TG), glucose and insulin were determined and c‐LDL was calculated. Results: 24.5 % of subjects were overweight and 18.4 % were obese. FM% measured by DI was 28.8 % ± 7.0, with higher levels in females (31.6 ± 6.3) compared to males (26.2 ± 6.7). There was no significant difference from FM% estimated by a preliminary equation previously developed by our research group but there were significant difference with those obtained by BIE and SF. High levels of TC and c‐LDL were observed in 3 and 4% of the subjects with borderline levels increased by 20% and 14%, respectively. A non‐significant trend for higher insulin values in 10‐12 y girls was observed. FM% correlated with TC (r=0.2979, p <0.0034), c‐LDL (r=0.2602, p <0.0113) and TG (r=0.4906, p <0.00001).