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Simultaneous carbon capture, biomass production, and diary wastewater purification by Spirulina maxima photobioreaction

The feasibility of a two-stage process involving carbon dioxide capturing and a photobioreaction (containing microalgae cells of Spirulina maxima) was investigated for the dual purpose of CO2 sequestration and wastewater remediation. The study systematically demonstrated the capability of CO2 removal through wet scrubbing using diluted wastewater as the scrubbing liquid and the potential of biomass growth in the CO2-enriched wastewater. The NaOH-alkalized wastewater provided a CO2 absorption capacity approximately equal to 0.5 g CO2 g–1 NaOH at 0.5 M, and the absorbed CO2 was effectively converted into usable bicarbonate to support the growth of S. maxima. The biomass productivity using the CO2-enriched wastewater (30% diluted) was 0.036 g L–1 d–1, which was in line with the productivity obtained from the controlled growth tests using NaHCO3 as the carbon source. Dilution of raw dairy (milk processing) wastewater was necessary as high chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading inhibited the growth of S. maxima....