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Beyond Electrochemical Analysis: 2D to 4D Correlation of Structure and Chemistry in Li-ion Batteries

The breakthrough of the li-ion technology was initiated when Sony started the production of the first commercial available li-ion batteries (LIB) with graphite as anode material and LiCoO2 as cathode material [1]. Current battery research activities are often focused on NMC batteries Li(Nix,Mny,Coz)O2. During charging lithium ions move from the cathode through the separator to the anode, where they are intercalated into the carbon layers of the graphite. Intercalation can lead to volume expansions of the actual material and reaction processes between for example lithium and electrolyte cause layer formations in the active material. Life time, capacity and especially aging effects in the LIB are mainly determined by the constituent active materials and the microstructure of the active mass coating. Important features to be analyzed and controlled are particle size, shape and distribution, the presence of voids and defects within the particles, porosity, pore tortuosity, and coating thicknesses. [2].