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Full-wave mutual coupling analysis of wideband arrays based on aperiodic tilings

Recently, aperiodic tilings have been shown to provide an effective framework for designing planar antenna array layouts with the attractive features of ultra-wide bandwidths and highly sparse distributions. Their application to array design was explored in [1], where the radiation properties of planar arrays based on certain categories of aperiodic tilings were investigated. In this investigation selected portions of tilings were replaced by arrays that had an element located at each vertex of the tiling. It was shown that certain aperiodic sets (the set of tiles that make up the tiling) lead to array configurations that exhibit broadband performance in terms of suppressed grating lobes and maintaining low sidelobe levels. Array operating bandwidths (i.e., the frequency range over which the peak sidelobe level remains at or below −10 dB) corresponding to minimum element spacings of up to of 1.5λ were reported in [1]. While aperiodic tiling arrays naturally possess broadband characteristics, their performance is basically limited by their corresponding aperiodic set. In other words, various arrays generated from the same aperiodic set tend to have similar radiation properties. In [2], a design technique that circumvents this limitation by introducing perturbations into the basic tiling generation process was introduced. The technique utilizes a small number of design parameters to greatly vary the geometry of arrays generated from an aperiodic set. With proper parameter selection, the bandwidth of the perturbed aperiodic arrays can be enhanced past that of unperturbed counterparts. Genetic algorithm optimized designs with bandwidths up to 22:1 were presented in [2]. This design technique also has the potential to lead to highly sparse element distributions [2], [3].