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The State and Revolution in Eastern Africa John S. Saul New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979, pp. 454 - The Crisis in South Africa John S. Saul and Stephen Gelb New York: Monthly Review Press, 1981, pp. 156

development. Instead, Young identifies six components of a normatively attractive development, namely growth, equity, autonomy, human dignity, participation and societal capacity, and then asks how each of these has fared in a group of Afro-Marxist, populist socialist and African capitalist states. These are real weaknesses to this approach. The correlations that are established, for example, between ideology and growth, or between ideology and autonomy, are too broad and involve too many other intruding variables to demonstrate any solid causal link. Second, this approach groups together regimes whose commitment to an ideology is genuine and abiding with others which have taken a much more manipulative approach to ideology. This also makes valid generalizing more difficult. The result is that although his individual chapters raise many important and abiding issues—for example, the constraint of administrative incapacity, the possible link between a capitalist strategy and an environment prone to gross corruption and the misplaced socialist suspicion of small-scale peasant farming—he does not follow these up. Instead, he returns in the final chapter to his original question, what had been the influence of ideology on development, and provides answers that are both predictable and rather flat. However, on the way to that final chapter, his country by country studies are full of interest and very accessible. If Yale University Press decides to issue this volume in paperback it would, I think, deservedly receive wide use in undergraduate courses on Africa.