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Biosensors and the transduction of molecular recognition.

In this article, we will illustrate the ramifications of the lack of information provided by selective sensors on the quality and reliability of particular analyses, and we will suggest ways to overcome these limitations. We will begin with an analysis of the structural information that is available from a molecule. Although such concepts have been developed theoretically (e.g., for information indices), most of this information cannot be transduced by a selective binding event, as we will show by considering the energetics and mechanisms of selective binding interactions based on molecular recognition. Finally, because the choice of transduction device is crucial in maximizing the structural information that can be derived from selective chemistry, we will examine various type of biosensors and discuss the developments needed to make biosensor technology acceptable as a major component of mainstream analytical chemistry