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Determining Stream and Wetland Health in an Urban Restored Riparian Ecosystem in Durham NC through Benthic-macroinvertebrate Surveys

Water and aquatic habitat quality are frequently assessed by analyzing the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in streams and other bodies of water. The Stream and Wetland Assessment Management Park (SWAMP) in Durham, NC is a restored stream and wetland complex started in 2003. Restoration phases have been constructed to target both improvements in water quality and habitat. Chemical and microbial laboratory analysis has shown that the water quality has improved since the restoration. Benthic macroinvertebrate data collected three times, over an 8-year period demonstrate dissimilar results. The macroinvertebrate community analysis shows an overall decrease in both water and habitat quality since the restoration. There is also a significant difference in the macroinvertebrate communities found between restoration phases. These findings are contrary to the expected results for stream and wetland restoration projects, but may be due to unusually high stream discharges in recent years compared to earlier survey periods. Introduction Study Area The Stream and Wetland Assessment Management Park (SWAMP) in Duke Forest is a restored wetland and stream complex on Sandy Creek which feeds into the Jordan Lake drinking reservoir (Richardson et al. 2011). It is part of the Cape Fear River Basin, sub-basin 03-06-05 which includes New Hope Creek, Northeast Creek and Jordan Lake (DWQ 2005) (See Figure 1). The area overlies the Triassic Basin, giving it a unique geology and sandy soils. SWAMP drains an area of about 600 hectares; of that area approximately 140 ha, or 23% of the drainage are classified as " undeveloped " and 460 ha, or 77% of the drainage are classified as " developed " in the 2006 National Land Cover data set (Fry 2011) (See Figure 2).