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A Multi-Physics While-Drilling Tool Integrates Continuous Survey, Gamma Ray Image, Caliper Image, and More

A continuous directional measurement (DM) provides a refined understanding of true well trajectory to minimize wellbore tortuosity and ensure safe drilling. An azimuthal gamma ray image enables accurate geosteering control, stratigraphical understanding, and determination of structural dip angles. A high-resolution caliper image visualizes complex geometry around the borehole to provide valuable inputs for well stability assessment, fracture mapping, and bedding analysis. A new multi-physics logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool introduced here integrates all these critical measurements in a 13-ft (4-m) long collar and works in both water-based and oil-based mud systems, ensuring that no important subsurface events are missed. Continuous inclination and azimuth measurements are provided by 3-axis accelerometers and magnetometers, along with an improved algorithm to provide measurements while rotating, sliding, and static. The tool is equipped with two gamma ray scintillation detectors spaced 180° apart, positioned close to the directional sensors. A thin sleeve protects the gamma ray detectors while positioning them as close to the formation as possible to improve measurement precision and image quality. State-of-the-art characterization provides an accurate calibration and environmental correction for various borehole conditions. Close to the gamma ray sensors, there are four ultrasonic transducers that operate in a pulse-echo mode. These transducers provide traveltime and reflection-amplitude measurements at 2000 Hz, enabling the creation of borehole size and shape measurements, and high-resolution radius and impedance images, even at high logging speeds. The image processing features a dual-mode mud-slowness calibration and uses a motion-based attenuation correction to remove eccentricity or lateral tool motion artifacts, enabling detailed and accurate identification of wellbore and formation features. The novel tool design, with focus on component miniaturization and sensor integration, reduces the need for connections on the rig floor and moves measurements closer to the bit. The proximity of continuous DM, gamma ray image, and caliper image provide greater allaround visibility during drilling and evaluation, encompassing borehole geometry, formation stratigraphy, and well trajectory. This paper provides a general description of the tool, together with its operational specifications and details of the methodology used to calibrate, characterize, and correct the various sensor responses. Log examples are presented, including cases with comparison data from wireline logging and examples where the integrated measurements complement each other to provide greater understanding of the reservoir.