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Electrochemomechanical behaviour of free standing PEDOT films in organic and aqueous electrolytes

The actuation properties of free standing films of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) prepared from propylene carbonate (PC) solutions of tetrabutylammonium trifluromethanesulfonate have been studied in a range of aqueous and organic (PC) solvent electrolytes. The following electrolyte salts were investigated: TBACF3SO3, LiCF3SO3, TBAPF6, NaPF6, NaDBS and TMACl. The best actuation performance was achieved in TMACl (aq.) with >4 % strain, 0.18 % s-1 strain rate and a low creep of 2.3 % after 50 cycles using potential step experiments. The PEDOT film morphology was significantly changed from an open sub-micron pore polymer network to a morphology with fewer and less open pores when the solvent was changed from PC to water.