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Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations in Centenarians

two GDS items were independently associated with mortality: “Have you dropped many of your activities and interests?” (n = 152 answered yes, 52 died during the 5year follow-up period; RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.6–4.6) and “Do you feel that your life is empty?” (n = 111 answered yes, 35 died; RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.7). These differences suggest that, for men, a lifelong pervasive condition characterized by dissatisfaction has negative effects on survival, whereas in women, the association with survival is related to the negative interpretation of life in old age (loss of interest and activities and a feeling of emptiness), indicating that, in women, life’s current condition has deeper effects. These sex differences should be taken into consideration when examining an elderly person with a mood problem; a different therapeutic approach may be necessary in old age when discomfort refers to a previous condition or to more-recent events. This topic is also important from a pathogenetic point of view. Depressive conditions in men and women may be of different origin and thus have specific biological mechanisms and a sex-related effect on survival.