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The Presence of Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus and Optic Atrophy (Wolfram Syndrome)

Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder, also known as diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.1 It was first described in 1938, as four siblings with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy were first reported by Wolfram.1 Typically, patients show diabetes mellitus, followed by optic atrophy in first decade of life, diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness in the second decade, dilated renal outflow tracts early in the third decade, and multiple neurological abnormalities early in the fourth decade.1 Diagnostic criteria are the presence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and optic atrophy unexplained by any other disease.2 Genetic studies undertaken to identify mutations in the WFS1 gene and CISD2 gene can be helpful for diagnosis.3 Other neurological abnormalities include an absent gag reflex, gait ataxia, cold intolerance, horizontal nystagmus, loss of taste or smell, autonomic neuropathy, cerebellar dysarthria, and seizures.2 There have been no previous reports of a WFS patient associated with periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Here, we describe a 26-year-old man with WFS who presented with PLMD.