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VIP, PACAP‐38, BDNF and ADNP in NMDA‐induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal injection of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide‐38 (PACAP‐38), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the VIP‐associated glial protein activity‐dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) in the rat retina. These elements have well‐documented neuroprotective properties and may thus be integrated in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms in the retina which break down in NMDA excitotoxicity.