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Estimated changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication after partial bans on off-premises sales of alcoholic beverages in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland: An interrupted time-series analysis.

AIMS
To estimate age-specific changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication following two consecutive restrictions on off-premises alcohol sales introduced in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.


DESIGN
Primary analyses used interrupted autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series analyses (repeated cross-sectional), with Lausanne and Vaud as experimental sites and the rest of Switzerland as the control. Secondary analyses used, for example, a different control site (other French-speaking cantons only) or a different statistical model.


SETTING
Switzerland between 2010 and 2016.


PARTICIPANTS
Inpatients (i.e. patients assigned a bed overnight) hospitalised between 20:00 and 6:00 (n=1,261,564) as documented in the Swiss Hospital Statistics.


INTERVENTIONS
Ban 1, only effective in the canton's capital, Lausanne, prohibited off-premises sales of all alcoholic beverages after 20:00 on Fridays and Saturdays from September 2013 to June 2015. In July 2015, Ban 2 replaced this, covered the whole canton and affected off-premises sales of beer and spirits (but not wine) after 21:00 (20:00 in Lausanne) every night of the week.


MEASUREMENTS
Proportions of monthly hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication (ICD-10 diagnoses F10.0/F10.1, T51.0) per 1,000 monthly overall admissions.


FINDINGS
Proportions of overall hospitalisations for alcohol intoxication declined after both bans in Lausanne (ωBan1 =-.017,95%CI[-.025,-.008]; ωBan2 =-.021,95%CI[-.030,-.013]) but only after Ban 2 in the remainder of the canton of Vaud (ωBan2 =-.015,95%CI[-.020,-.009]). Estimated changes in % were largest among 16-19-year-olds. However, as admission rates for alcohol intoxication were more frequent in adulthood than adolescence, the estimated change in number of cases was also relevant to public health among 20-69-year-olds. Secondary analyses supported the findings of the primary analyses.


CONCLUSION
Even partial restrictions of off-premises sales of alcohol in Switzerland (only two days per week or only for beer and spirits) appeared to reduce hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication across a wide age range (ages 16-69).