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Field application of plant extracts against the aphid, B. brassicae and the whitefly, B. abaci and their side effects on their predators and parasites

Abstract The plant extract Neem azal-S markedly decreased the numbers of the aphid, B. brassicae and the whitefly, B. abaci after spraying on infested cabbage. The numbers of the two parasitoids D. rapae and E. mundus were also decreased after the application of the extract. Repeating the application three times during October, November and December, caused severe reduction in the population of the two pests as well as the two parasitoids. The two predators C. undecimpunctata and C. carnea were markedly affected and their populations on cabbage decreased after each application of Neem azal-S.