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An integrative review of the factors influencing older nurses' timing of retirement.

AIMS
To summarise the international empirical literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of older nurses' decision making surrounding the timing of their retirement.


BACKGROUND
The global nursing shortage is increasing. Amongst some countries it has become an economic imperative to consider raising the state pension age and to extend working lives.


DESIGN
An integrative literature review using an integrated design.


DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, CINAHL and Business Source Premier databases were searched for studies between January 2007 - October 2019.


REVIEW METHODS
Quality appraisal of the studies were conducted. Findings were summarised, grouped into categories and themes extracted. Two models were developed for data representation.


RESULTS
132 studies were identified by the search strategy. Of these, 27 articles were included for appraisal and synthesis. 16 papers were quantitative, seven qualitative and four mixed methods. The research took place in 13 different geographical locations. Most studies were of a questionnaire design, followed by interviews and focus groups. The total participant sample was 35,460. Through a synthesis of the studies, four themes were identified: Health, Well-being and Family factors; Employer factors; Professional factors; Financial factors.


CONCLUSION
This review revealed the heterogeneity of studies on this subject and confirmed previous findings but also established a ranking of criteria that influences nurses' decision making: age, followed by personal and organisational factors. Four extracted themes of push and pull factors map onto these factors. No 'one-size-fits-all' strategy exists to ensure the extension of older nurses' working lives. Organisations need to foster an environment where older nurses feel respected and heard and where personal and professional needs are addressed.


IMPACT
Organisations need to implement HR policies addressing nurses' personal well-being and retirement preparation. Older nurses are more likely to extend their working lives if they feel committed to their organisation and when professional standards are maintained.