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Race, Religion, and Responsibility in Christian Higher Education

Albert Einstein has often been credited for defining insanity as doing the same thing over again, yet expecting a different result. With regard to the work of diversification and representation in Christian higher education, perhaps Einstein was correct. Christian higher education in the 21st century is a crossroads as it pertains to issues of diversity and social justice. New and diverse points of view continue to be part of the world’s religious, social, political, and educational conversations. The world is becoming inescapably connected and interactive with a plurality of people, ideologies, backgrounds, and orientations. Ethnic violence, religious conflicts, struggles for sovereignty, and urban unrest have both local and global implications outside the walls of higher education. Within those walls, long-standing issues of inequity along lines of race, class, gender, and sexual orientation regarding access to, and representation in, higher education are ongoing concerns to some scholars. Similar to secular counterparts, Christian higher education has a diversity imperative that, according to Smith (2009), must be embraced if colleges and universities are to be successful in a pluralistic and interconnected world. Christian higher education must respond and build its institutional capacity around this diversity imperative. Nearly a quarter century ago, Holmes (1987) posed an important, foundational question of why Christian higher education is important. He answered his own question by responding that its distinctive should be an education that cultivates the creative and active integration of faith, learning, and culture. Twenty-five years later, those engaging in the work of Christian higher education may continue to embrace this charge, yet ought to consider the multiple critical approaches, policies, and perspectives to continue to maintain or achieve that goal. Of more than 4,000 degree-granting institutions of higher education in the United States, including approximately 1,600 private, not-for-profit campuses, about 900 have identified themselves as religiously affiliated (CCCU, 2010). These 900 campuses range from Catholic universities to Bible colleges with denominational affiliations; some are intentional about the integration