{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.025889967637540454, 'fraction_numerical': 0.012135922330097087, 'mean_word_length': 5.409326424870466, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Optical microwave mixing techniques for broadband and low cost radio-over-fiber applications

Wireless access systems are attractive because of their potential high data rate transmissions. For example, frequency bands in the range from 3.1 GHz up to 10.6 GHz are allocated to Ultra Wide Band IEEE 802.15.3a standards for future Wireless Personal Access Networks (WPAN). The frequency conversion of wireless signals in the optical domain is interesting since it benefits from the huge optical bandwidth for generation and distribution of up-converted sub-bands. This papers explores different techniques for photonics generation of microwave mixing with digital modulation of the microwave sub-carriers, at 1550 nm. The solutions exploit the non-linearity of different devices such as laser diodes, electro-optic modulators, dispersive fiber generating frequency-to-intensity modulation conversion. Comparisons are made regarding their potential applications to low-cost and broadband radio-over fiber systems like Ultra Wide Band over fiber. The mixing conversion gain, available bandwidth, complexity of the system, its applicability to broadband radio over fiber networks, are elements of comparison that are discussed in this paper.