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The hypothalamo-hypophysial system in the ground squirrels, Citellus erythrogenys Brandt and Citellus undulatus Pallas. I. Microanatomy and cytomorphology of the gomori-positive neurosecretory system with special reference to its state during hibernation.

Microanatomy of the peptidergic hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in the ground squirrels, C. erythrogenys and C. undulatus, is similar to that of other rodents, but differs in details. Bundles of neurosecretory fibres with single neurosecretory cells along their course connect the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers into the one system. The dorso-caudal portions of the NPV reach the level of the columna fornix. The NPO is a special indepedent formation and appears to have some specific functions in the HHNS. The infundibular recess penetrates deeply ihto the hypophysial stem, but does not reach the posterior pituitary. The glandular epithelium of the tuberal portions of the adenohypophysis surrounds the median eminence and a considerable part of the lateral surface of the tuber cinereum. Different functional types of neurosecretory cells reflect certain phases of their secretory cycle. Correlations between their size, structure and the content of NSM are found. A low activity of the HHNS is observed in both C. erythrogenys and C. undulatus during December-January. A higher activity of the HHNS in torpid C. undulatus than in C. erythrogenys is established. This correlates with a difference in deepness of torpor in C. erythrogenys and C. undulatus. An important role of the HHNS in hibernation, i.e. in realization of adaption of species in ontogenesis is suggested.