{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02127659574468085, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00586940572267058, 'mean_word_length': 6.030927835051546, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Cytological, Morphological, Genetic, and Molecular Phylogenetic Studies on Intraspecific Differentiations within Diplazium doederleinii (Woodsiaceae: Pteridophyta)

Two cytotypes, an apomictic triploid (2n=123) and an apomictic tetraploid (2n=164), were found in Japanese Diplazium doederleinii. The cytotypes are clearly distinguishable from each other in phytogeographical, ecological, and morphological characteristics. The tetraploid is smaller in relation to several morphological characteristics and occurs in more northerly regions than the triploid. The distributions of the two cytotypes do not overlap. The leaves of the triploids are evergreen, while those of the tetraploids are summer‐green. Allozyme analysis indicated that one and four multilocus genotypes are contained in the tetraploid and triploid, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the rbcL gene did not vary within the same cytotype, except for a single triploid with the same rbcL sequence as the tetraploid. There are only two nucleotide differences between the triploid and tetraploid races. These results indicate that the apomictic triploids are of recurrent origin from an undiscovered or extinct ancestral diploid and that the apomictic tetraploid originated through autopolyploidy from the ancestral diploid or from hybridization between the triploid and the ancestral diploid.