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Incidence of venous thromboembolism in users of combined oral contraceptives

This article cites studies similar to the report of Lawrenson et al. demonstrating that the risk of venous thromboembolism is particularly high with first use of oral contraceptives. A study by Herings et al. found that venous thromboembolism occurs in 90 per 100000 woman-years during the first episode of use of third-generation oral contraceptives and 24 per 100000 for second-generation contraceptives; the incidence of venous thromboembolism became higher than 100 per 100000 for younger ages during the first year of use. In addition a WHO study found a 21.6-fold increase in the risk of venous thrombosis among first ever users of third generation oral contraceptives and the Leiden study found 4- and 7-fold risk increases for third- and second-generation oral contraceptives among younger women. Jick et al. found 9.2- and 5.6-fold increases in risk for third- and second-generation oral contraceptives during the first 6 months of use.