{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01444043321299639, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.2518796992481205, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
ENERGY GENERATION BY MICROORGANISMS USING CARBOHYDRATE SUBSTRATES IN A MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Microbial Fuel cell regarded as a green energy source is a manifestation of bio-electrochemical system through which electricity could be generated from organic compounds through the microbial metabolism. It is a biocatalyst that converts chemical energy from a wide variety of sources into electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms. A typical microbial fuel cell consists of two compartments divided by a cation specific membrane, the electrons available through the metabolism of the substrates i e. electron donors by microorganisms are transferred to the anode of the fuel cell and then to the cathode through the external circuit, where they reduce the oxidant, consuming protons available through the membrane from the anode. A simple microbial fuel cell was designed in laboratory, using three different substrates (glucose, sucrose and starch) along with the addition of microbial cultures of bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) at the bottom of the anode chamber. Electron transport system started in the anode chamber due to microbial activity which was accelerated and availed by the use of the mediator methylene blue and the transport of protons started from anode to cathode through the membrane which was agar salt bridge in this study. The electricity generated was measured by multimeter device and recorded in milliamperes (mA), which was higher in case of E.coli than B. subtilis. Glucose as the substrate generated higher voltage and current in comparison to the other two organic substrates viz. sucrose and starch.