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Role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the hypertension and renal hemodynamic changes in rats with an altered nephrogenesis. Age‐ and sex‐dependent differences

The aim was to study the role of Ang II in the hypertension and renal changes induced by a decrease of Ang II effects during nephrogenic period (np). It was also examined whether the blood pressure (BP) and renal changes are age‐ and sex‐dependent. Rats were treated with an AT1 receptor antagonist during np (ARAnp) and experiments performed at 3 and 10 months of age. ARAnp‐treated rats were hypertensive but an age‐dependent rise in BP was only found in male rats. Candesartan treatment led to a fall of BP in ARAnp‐treated rats that was greater (P<0.05) in male than in female rats. An increase in oxidative stress is involved in the Ang II effects, since oxidated proteins are elevated (P<0.05) and pretreatment with tempol reduce (P<0.05) the fall in BP elicited by candesartan in ARAnp‐treated rats. Hypertension was not maintained by an increase in AT1 receptor expression in mesenteric arteries and renal cortex. Renal hemodynamic was significantly deteriorated during ageing in male but not in female ARAnp‐treated rats. Renal hemodynamic response to Ang II was enhanced (P<0.05) in these rats at 3 but not at 10 months of age. These results suggest that oxidative stress mediates the involvement of Ang II in maintaining hypertension and renal changes when nephrogenesis is altered during np, and that this involvement is aging and sex‐dependent but not secondary to an elevation in AT1 receptor expression or renal sensitivity to Ang II effects