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Multicenter analysis of endoclot as hemostatic powder in different endoscopic settings of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) still presents a demanding situation with high morbidity and mortality rates; thus hemostatic powders such as EndoClot (EC) have been developed to improve endoscopic armament. The aim of the present study was to determine which indications triggered the application of EC and to assess resulting hemostasis rates. Forty three patients undergoing endoscopical procedures in three hospitals; two tertiary care and one university hospital, were included. EC was applied in 48 endoscopies in 43 patients (27 male, age 65.5 years, range 28 - 92 years) following four different indications. EC was used in active GIB as rescue or first-line therapy giving a short-term and long-term hemostasis in 13/17 patients (76.5%). In the setting of non-active GIB, following conventionally achieved hemostasis or endoscopic interventions, EC was found to prevent bleeding in 19/21 patients (90.4%). EC induced hemostasis in 8/10 patients (80%) with impaired coagulation. EC failures resulted from tumor bleeding, Forrest I lesions or perforated duodenal ulcers. No major adverse events were recorded and one technical failure (2.1%) occurred. EC was applied as first line or salvage treatment in ongoing bleedings with promising results. Furthermore, EC was used after successful hemostasis or following endoscopic interventions to further reduce re-bleeding rates. We saw promising results in all indications, albeit lacking a control group.