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The design and implementation of ORBIS: The Stanford geospatial network model of the Roman world

ORBIS is a geospatial model of the Roman world representing the network of cities and travel routes that enabled movement across the Roman Empire. It is an example of neogeography, use of geographic information systems and mapmaking techniques by nonexperts. ORBIS was created using data from both primary sources and computational geography simulations about travel, wind and sea patterns, seasonal access, costs and other considerations to plot realistic transport networks. Through the development process, server infrastructure and user interface upgrades supported the volume of data, user needs and extended functionalities, such as revealing the most efficient routes between points. The result provides scholarly information on life and travel in the Roman era. ORBIS illustrates how network and hierarchical data can be used to visualize complex, multilayered geospatial information.