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Integrated Geochemical and Paleontological Assesment of End Devonian Marine Communities from the Appalachian Basin, Usa

The end-Devonian Hangenberg Crisis (~359 Ma) is unique as a major biocrisis following closely on an already extensive faunal restructuring that resulted from previous late Devonian extinctions (McGhee et al., 2013). Numerous extinction triggers have been proposed for the Hangenberg Crisis. Pervasive marine anoxia or euxinia is a popular idea, due to the widespread deposition of organic-rich black shales (Bond et al., 2004). Other hypotheses include volcanism, eustatic change, climate fluctuations (Marynowski et al., 2012), and the evolution and expansion of land plants (through weathering and the drawdown of CO2; Algeo et al., 1995), though synergistic effects likely contributed to the ecological crisis. The event was rapid (calculated duration of ~50-100 ka; Myrow et al., 2014), marked by glaciation, and globally expressed (Kaiser et al., 2015). The uppermost Cleveland Shale member of the Ohio Shale records this global event in the Appalachian Basin, USA (Martinez et al., 2018).