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Thoracic Bioimpedance as a Basis for Pacing Control a

Abstract: Periodic variations of the thoracic bioimpedance due to breathing and heartbeating carry confidential information that is used for pacing rate control in rate‐adaptive pacemakers. The respiratory parameters‐the respiration rate and tidal volume‐are detected from the filtered breathing signal component (0.1 to 1.0 Hz), and are used for fuzzy feed‐forward adaptive control of the pacing rate to meet the needs of the organism. The cardiac parameters‐the actual heart rate and stroke volume‐are measured from the heartbeating signal component (1.0 to 3.0 Hz) and are proposed for feedback correction of the feed‐forward control to meet the heart's ability. The problems of electrical bioimpedance measurement and design of the rate‐adaptive pacemaker, wherein the intracardiac impedance is used as the main information source for pacing control, are discussed in this paper.