{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.052375809935205186, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01565874730021598, 'mean_word_length': 5.594306049822064, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 3, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Protective effects of L‐arginine against aluminium chloride‐induced testicular damage in rats

Aluminium (Al) is a toxic metal with frequent exposure because it is a common element in nature and is found in many products used in daily life. L‐arginine is a semi‐essential amino acid that is involved in many biochemical pathways in the body and has antioxidant effects. The current research evaluated the possible protective effects of L‐arginine against aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced testicular damage. In this animal‐based experimental study, 28 male Wistar Albino rats were separated into four groups: control, Al (20 mg/kg/day Al), Al + L‐arginine (20 mg/kg/day Al + 50 mg/kg/day L‐arginine), and L‐arginine (50 mg/kg/day L‐arginine). All applications were carried out intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 4 weeks. The histopathological changes caused by exposure to Al in the testicular tissue and the protective effects of L‐arginine were investigated by using biochemical, histochemical, immunohistochemical [4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG)] and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay techniques. The testicles in the AlCl3 group showed increased 4‐HNE, 8‐OHdG expressions, apoptotic index, and abnormal sperm content, while serum testosterone levels, sperm motility, and sperm number were decreased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, histomorphometric examinations of testicular tissue indicated significant structural impairments such as vacuolization in the seminiferous tubule epithelium, edema, and vascular congestion in the interstitial area (p < 0.05). However, the structural alterations were largely ameliorated in the Al + L‐arginine group (p < 0.05). Thus, L‐arginine, which is an antioxidant, may protect against the harmful effects of Al and may help improve male fertility.