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Population genetic diversity of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in Northeastern China

Roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)are important economic animals in China and are one of the major sources of food for the Amur tiger. To design effective conservation strategies for roe deer, we investigated the genetic diversity and gene flow in eight roe deer populations by analyzing 463 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in 88 individual deer sampled from Yingchun, Dongfanghong, Shuangfeng, Taipinggou, Xinqing, Zhanhe, Shengshan and Tuqiang(Table 1). Fifty-nine variable sites and thirty haplotypes were identified. The roe deer exhibited high mtDNA diversity with haplotype diversity (H=0.967±0.007) and nucleotide diversity (π=2.641±0.02595). Neither the estimate of Tajima’s D nor that of Fu and Li′s D deviated significantly from the neutral selection hypothesis (P 0.1) for all eight populations of deer, showing no evidence of strong selective sweeps or balancing selection(Table 2). Based on the analysis of thirty haplotypes, the roe deer can be divided into three subpopulations (Figure 1). Although there appears to be gene flow among the three subpopulations, these data indicate that the population of deer from Tuqiang is genetically distinct from the other population and is worthy of specific conservation efforts. We recommend that a breeding program be established for the Tuqiang population in the Great Khingan Mountains.