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Negative Shape Features For Image Databases Consisting Of Geographic Symbols

A method for representing geographic symbols for storage and retrieval in an image database is presented. Symbols are characterized by a collection of features that describe their shape. Many of these geographic symbols are composed of a circle (or rectangle) enclosing one or more small shapes. A new representation of such symbols based on their interior with the shapes considered as holes, termed a negative symbol, is described. A set of shape features used to characterize geographic symbols is presented. These features are appropriate for symbols that are represented by their negation as well as for symbols that are composed of only one part and thus are not represented by their negation. Negative symbols along with these features have been used successfully to index maps in a map image database system. Results of experiments testing the accuracy of the database using these features are given.