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Gain Enhancement of a 94GHz LTCC Integrated Horn Antenna Using High Impedance Periphery

There is a growing interest to implement antenna-in-package (AiP) systems for a variety of applications such as imaging, beamforming, integrated transceivers, and radars. Substrate integrated pyramidal antennas are valuable AiP candidates owing to their small form factor, integration ease, and high gain. However, height reduction, dielectric losses and integration of the latter can drastically degrade their gain pattern and limit their applications. This degradation is mainly due to undesired excitations on the surface of the dielectric. For the first time in this paper, we present a Grounded Co-Planar Waveguide-fed (GCPW) 94GHz low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) pyramidal horn antenna. To prevent parasitic TE excitations, a mushroom type High Impedance Surface (HIS) periphery is implemented. The combined antenna with HIS surrounding leads to approximately 2.3dB improvement in gain. Concurrently, the 3dB beamwidth is reduced by 26° in both E-Plane and H-Plane.