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IDEOLOGICAL AND LYRICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TOPICS OF FREEDOM, MOTHERLAND AND ENLIGHTENMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF POEMS PUBLISHED IN “AL-IZAH” MAGAZINE)

This article examines the poetic texts in the literature of the magazine "Al-Izoh", published in Tashkent in 1917-1918. In particular, the beautiful artistic expressions of the themes of independence, the struggle for independence, the development of the Motherland, science and enlightenment are analyzed. The historical situation in Turkestan in the early twentieth century is also assessed. The connection between the lyrical protagonist and the creator's own "I" is also revealed.


Introduction
It is known that from 1870 to 1917 in the "Newspaper of the Turkestan region" were published works of art of various genres by local writers. From 1906 to the beginning of 30s newspapers and magazines such as, "Taraqqiy", "Samarkand", "Sado Turkiston", "Oyna", "Al-Isloh", "Yurt", "Kengash", "Hurriyat" published examples of poets of national revival, Jadidists and scholars' works.
Al-Izah, founded on June 19, 1917 by the "Ulamo Jamiyati" as its propaganda tool, is one such periodical. By May 5, 1918, 31 issues of the magazine had been published, the first of which was reported to be a magazine devoted to religious, scientific, literary, and political topics.
Indeed, the contents of the issues of the magazine in our possession confirm the above message. Along with many religious, jurisprudential (legal), historical-social, political-enlightenment articles, there are also literary texts, which are found almost exclusively in poetic form. The magazine published a total of 28 poems (26 Uzbek, 1 Persian-Tajik, 1 Arabic) mixed in aruz, finger rhyme, which were created in such genres as ghazal, tarkibband (as composition), masnavi, murabba, muhammas. Most of the poems were published in the current Cyrillic alphabet in the pamphlet of historian M. Zikrullaev "Taraqqiyot va hurriyat ishqida" 1 .
These poems were written by such well-known Jadid intellectuals as Vasli Samarkandi, Karimbek Kami, Siddiqi Khandayliqi, Tavallo, as well as Abdullah Makhdum, Mulla Nasriddin Mulla Karim oglu, Tursunmuhammad Alam Turkestani (Gurbatiy), Shukriy-Sharaf, Mulla Sadiq Imanquli. In addition to this religious scholars, teachers, as well as employees of the magazine "Al-Izoh": Awliyotali Mubashirkhan, Abdulkadir Tashkendi shared their own works with editors. Sirojiddin Siddiqi is an intellectual, theologian, historian, translator and poet, who has a deep understanding of the religious and social issues that need to be addressed in Al-Izah, and the most painful points of his region. He uses nicknames such as "Siddiqi" and "Khandayliqiy" while referring to commentators such as "Faqir", "Makhdum", and "Zahid" in front of his name. His regular participation appears in the first issues of the magazine. His poems "Toza adabiyot", "Izhori Haqiqat", "Taronaiy Islomiy", "Saylovg'a da'vat" are his works, which are not found in the works of the poet published to this day 2 .
In the early years of his career, Sirojiddin Siddiqui, who followed the path of classical literary traditions, like other contemporaries, dramatically changed the theme of his work. His poem "Taronai Islam" is also an example of social lyricism, written with a high pathos, a strong belief in freedom, a spirit of exaltation.
Under the slogan "Ey millat (O Nation)", he warns the people of Turkestan that the time of struggle has come. The poet, who had high hopes for the February Revolution in Russia in 1917, firmly believes that there will be progress in everything the nation does: Bu Although this work is written in the "mafoiylun" rhythm of the aruz, in contrast to traditional lyricism, changes in the system of images, such as "millat (nation)", "Vatan (homeland)", "vatandosh (compatriot)", "obodlik (prosperity)", "mullo (mullah)", "taraqqiy (progress)", "tamaddun (civilization)" are the main characters. It can also be seen in the example of this poem that words such as "g'amqayg'u, shodlik, shirin guftor, anvor, g'amxor, xazin ovoz, bemor" are common concepts in romantic lyrics, but in the text in a completely new way, the nation's grief grief, the mournful lament of the In the following verses, it is understood that Freedom and Independence are not simply achieved by desire, for which every citizen raises the beacon of truth and calls on a glorious servant to act.
(Definition: I wish every of my compatriots be truthful, and be your glorious servants to help you, oh nation) As always, the people of creativity were the first to pave the way for changes in the consciousness of the nation, renewal in thinking with their impressive works. As a result, the efforts to build a national statehood, albeit slowly, seem to have increased the political and legal knowledge of the people. In particular, the July issues of Al-Izah, along with articles on the nature of elections, their political significance, public activism and independent voting, will include Siddiqui's poem "Saylovg'a da'vat (Call to Elections)" 5 In the simple and extremely heartfelt verses, it is clear that the nationalist Uzbek intelligentsia was one of the first to take practical action for the sake of modernity, the future of the Motherland, the freedom of the people. The poet's understanding of the political climate in the country with all its subtleties was reflected in his work. B.  A total of 4 bytes, 24 bytes, the recurring bytes of this tarje'band are even more significant as they encourage the people to unity, solidarity and hard work: Bu ish to'g'risida tirishmoq kerak, Bo'lub bir tanu bir jon, kirishmòq kerak.
(Definition: we have to work hard on this job, It is necessary to be one soul and body). Accordingly, it is known that the editors of the magazine were particularly active in the July 30, 1917 elections. In the 5th issue of Al-Izah, the "E'lomnoma (Declaration)" calling on the population to participate in the elections, in particular, following words were included: "Of course, it is the duty of each of us to go to the polls and fulfill the duty of religion for the opposition of our country and for the protection of our religious and secular rights".
Mullo Sodiq Imanquli's poem "Haqqoniyat" and "Iltijo" by Muhammad Yunus, he composed under 5 Mulhid-an apostate 6 7 Tarahhum-pity, care, blessing, mercy "Ramzi" pen-name, one of the representatives of the Tashkent literary community, were published in the magazine. They have a strong writing mood among Muslims, criticize those who disobey Islamic morals and laws, and tell the truth about the shortcomings that led to the country's tragedy: Mullo The hard life of the people at that time, the sufferings of the government's injustice, show how natural it was that poetry, full of motives such as tender feelings, love-filled groans, beauty, sophistication, and expressions of language, turned the subject sharply. Literary critic N.Khalikova writes about the legitimacy of the changes in the principles of literary representation: "... It should be noted that before the events of 1916, no social reality was reflected in the literature on such a large scale. The formation of a realistic image on the basis of social reality was also a new phenomenon". 10 However, Sodiq Imonquli's: Boshda shopqa, belda zunnor, orqada rus poltasi, Bu musulmondur demakg'a bir alomat qolmadi.
(Definition: Hat on the head, waistband on the waist, an axe on shoulders, there is no reason to call him a Muslim) such verses that the worldviews of some religions are still stuck in the old stereotypes, stagnation and inability to see the future are, in fact, the vices that have led the nation to the abyss. The thinker-scientist M. Behbudi also wrote with regret in the magazine "Oyna" that the nation is surrounded by such small problems and the original meaning is not formed. 11 One magazine's most active reporters and poets is Sayyid Ahmad. He used the nicknames "mudarris", "mullah" before his name, and sometimes "Vasliy", "Vasliy Samarkandiy" pen-names. Most of the poems in the magazine are his contributions. Undoubtedly, the examples of poems that have increased the historical-scientific, literary and spiritual value of the pages of "Al-Izah" are "Taraqqiy haqinda", "Vatan haqinda", Mullo Tursunmuhammad Alam Turkestani's "Jamiyati ulamoya izhori tashakkur va odati juhaloya ibrozi tanaffur", Avliyotali Mubashshirxon's "Hurriyatga xitob asarinda itob va javob" works. Indeed, they reaffirm that the most frequently addressed topics in the first quarter of the last century were: Homeland independence, freedom, national development, and endless hatred of oppression.
(Definition:Prosperity in the country with the harvest of wisdom, Shari'a is developed by Qur'an and hadith) Har millatu har qavm taraqqiy talab aylar, Islom ulumi vera millatda taraqqiy.

(Definition: Every nation and every tribe requires for development, Islam gives this change for a nation)
The achievements and successes, discoveries and inventions that have been made in science, technology and medicine all over the world in recent centuries show that they were sciences written in the Qur'an 1,300 years ago. The poet believes that the 10  progress of every people and nation is in the study of science based on the holy book of Islam.
The radif ghazal "Vatan" (Motherland) is remarkable for the depiction of the perfect lyrical hero, who sincerely loves his homeland, longs for a prosperous life in his homeland, and is ready to sacrifice his life.
In the ghazal, the Motherland is described as a beautiful soul of a living person, a gift from the Creator to the human race: Har  All the Jadids and intellectuals of the nation who were active in the early twentieth century were right when they saw the country's success in the first enlightenment. The sympathy and solidarity with them is obvious in the above lines of Vasily Samarkand's work. The poet, who cleverly understands that the administration of the country, the prosperity of the country is in the development of education, welcomes the acquaintance with science, firmly believes that the joy will last forever in the Motherland, which has gained grace, prosperity and civilization from the light of knowledge.
The analysis revealed that the lyrical works published in the magazine were full of Islamic enlightenment, national feeling, and patriotic poems. Also, another phenomenon that has been tested for many centuries is that the peoples of the East have always been acquainted with poetry. Influencing their consciousness with beautiful words and wisdom has often had positive effects.
Although the authors wrote their poems in aruz, poems dedicated to the events of Labor (in aruz), the traditional poetic expressions, and the use of poetic arts are undoubtedly reminiscent of examples of classical literature. However, the artistic expression of socio-political reality required changes in the structure of genres and the system of images, socialization in artistic interpretation, individual perception, new methodological directions, and a realistic image based on journalistic expression. These were signs of new literature.