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Purification to homogeneity and the N-terminal sequence of human leukotriene C4 synthase: a homodimeric glutathione S-transferase composed of 18-kDa subunits.

Human leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase was purified > 25,000-fold to homogeneity from the monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Beginning with taurocholate-solubilized microsomal membranes, LTC4 synthase was chromatographically resolved by (i) anion exchange, (ii) affinity chromatography (through a resin of biotinylated LTC2 immobilized on streptavidin-agarose), and then (iii) gel filtration. The final preparation contained only an 18-kDa polypeptide. The molecular mass of the pure polypeptide was consistent with an 18-kDa polypeptide from THP-1 cell membranes that was specifically photolabeled by an LTC4 photoaffinity probe, 125I-labeled azido-LTC4. On calibrated gel-filtration columns, purified LTC4 synthase activity eluted at a volume corresponding to 39.2 +/- 3.3 kDa (n = 12). The sequence of the N-terminal 35 amino acids was determined and found to be a unique sequence composed predominantly of hydrophobic amino acids and containing a consensus sequence for protein kinase C phosphorylation. We therefore conclude that human LTC4 synthase is a glutathione S-transferase composed of an 18-kDa polypeptide that is enzymatically active as a homodimer and may be phosphoregulated in vivo.