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In silico Analysis of Flavonoid Glycosides and its Aglycones as Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that destructs and impairs the function of immune cells.1 Like any other viruses, it needs to replicate to survive. When replicating in the host cell, HIV utilizes vital production enzymes, i.e. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase to create mature virions. HIV contains RNA genomic in its virion and within the host cell, it will be converted by reverse transcriptase to cDNA (complementary DNA) which in turn will be integrated into the host cell to produce the essential protein for new viral maturation. Because of RT essential role in the HIV life cycle, it has been considered as major antiHIV-1 drug targets.2 As HIV multiplies in the body, the virus sometimes mutates (changes form) and produces variations itself. Variations of HIV that develop while a person is taking HIV medicines can lead to drug-resistant strains of HIV.3 There are currently many treatments for HIV, however more effective treatment is always needed because of the possibility of drug resistance and side effects for long-term use.4 Secondary metabolites from natural products have been the most successful source of potential drug leads.5 Based on the previous study, there are some natural compounds with high affinity to the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme and some of these compounds are flavonoid glycosides. Glycoside is a compound that consists of a simple sugar (glycone) and another compound (aglycone) via the glycosidic bond. Glycosylation in flavonoids shows a various biological effect, yet it is very difficult to generalize.6 It is not easy and timeconsuming to learn more about the glycosylation effects on flavonoid glycosides. In silico methods have been widely applied to pharmacology hypothesis development and testing. In silico study could minimize failure possibilities in tests conducted in vivo or in vitro by predicting failure possibilities such as the interaction between a compound with target receptors. Therefore, in silico method was used.7 This study was aimed to give a recommendation of compounds that have the potential to be HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.