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Strontium and calcium vapor recombination lasers: excitation mechanisms, operation regimes, and applications

A review of the latest studies on the Sr-He and Ca-He gas-discharge lasers emitting in blue- violet and UV spectral regions is presented. On the basis of plasma diagnostics and spectroscopic investigations, the conclusion is drawn on the recombination excitation mechanism prevalence. Laser tubes of various designs with longitudinal and transverse discharge excitation, their operation regimes and output characteristics, are analyzed, including a regime of simultaneous oscillations on recombination, charge-transfer pumped, and self-terminating electron-impact excited laser transitions. Already realized and perspective applications of the lasers are also discussed.