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Of Guns and Ballots: Attitudes towards Unconventional and Destructive Political Participation among Sinn Féin and Herri Batasuna Supporters

Ireland and Northern Ireland's Sinn Féin and the Spanish Basque Country's Herri Batasuna are two radical nationalist parties alleged to be tied to terrorist organizations. The leaderships of both parties deny being officially attached to such groups, although their partisan rhetoric supports their violent activities. Using a series of logistical regression models, I find that the electorates that support these parties have less confidence in democratic institutions than supporters of more moderate nationalist parties. True to their postmaterialist leanings, all of the moderate and radical nationalist parties on Ireland and in the Spanish Basque region have electorates willing to engage in unconventional political behaviour at some level. However, the radical parties' electorates are willing to use illegal and even destructive forms, whilst the moderate nationalists are not.