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Guidelines for required grid‐supportive functions in grid‐tied inverters with distributed energy resources

Grid-tied inverters have become required to equip the function that supports electrical grids stable. So-called ‘smart inverters’ have also been shown to provide load distribution under steady state. Similarly, other types of advanced inverters that contribute to transient grid stability have recently attracted attention. Combining a battery with an inverter not only enables the use of renewable energy (RE) regardless of time or season but also increases the system inertial and synchronising forces due to its high responsiveness. However, the use of these grid-supportive features in inverters is commonly not disclosed by manufacturers; thus, a system administrator must uniformly regulate and verify the effects. Although the requirements for smart inverters' are being established, those for advanced inverters with transient contributions have not yet been formulated. Furthermore, these requirements must confirm the transient-supportive functions regardless of the inverter control method. Therefore, this work proposes a set of guidelines for establishing these requirements based on stabilisation/disturbance theory. Furthermore, it was confirmed by simulation that inverter control satisfying these requirements can be realised, for example, by a control method that simulates a virtual inertial force.