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Antagonism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases cyclophosphamide cystitis in mice

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine found pre‐formed in the urothelium. During inflammation, MIF is released into the bladder lumen and bladder MIF mRNA is upregulated. Since MIF also has tautomerase activity and blocking tautomerase activity also blocks MIF's biological activity, we hypothesized that blocking MIF's tautomerase activity would prevent bladder inflammation. Therefore, we examined the effects of a MIF tautomerase inhibitor (ISO‐1; also blocks biological activity) on cyclophosphamide (CYP)‐induced cystitis in mice.