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[Management of cardiovascular complications in CML patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors].

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, patients with CML need to receive TKI therapy for several years. Hence, the safety of long-term TKI treatment warrants utmost attention. Among various adverse events caused by TKI therapy, cardiovascular events (CVEs), such as acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and pulmonary hypertension, are the most serious with high mortality. TKIs inhibit various off-target molecules involved in the occurrence of CVEs such as c-Kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and Tie-2/Tec. At present, nilotinib, dasatinib, and ponatinib, but not bosutinib, have been demonstrated to increase the risk of CVEs in patients with CML compared with imatinib. Conversely, patients with CML have also been shown to have high CVE risks regardless of the TKI treatment compared with non-cancer population. Hence, further analyses are required to deduce the influence of TKI treatment on CVEs. Whatever the cause may be, to prevent CVEs in patients with CML, we need to appropriately screen and monitor CVE risks such as hypertension, serum glucose, lipid levels, ankle-brachial index (ABI), Electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography before and during TKI treatment.