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Morbidity and mortality in infants in a rural community of Rajasthan--a prospective cohort study.

A prospective cohort study of 331 newborn infants in a rural community of India was conducted. The study objectives were 2-fold: to assess the morbidity of the infants and to determine the infant mortality rate and the neonatal mortality rate; and to elicit the morbidity pattern of diseases e.g. with variables such as age sex socioeconomic status of the parents and birth orders. For the purpose of the study illness was defined as any ailment of the child reported by the patients on enquiry or at the monthly interview of the parents. The 331 infants born during the 1975-1977 period were observed for a period of 1 year from birth. Of the 331 infants 661 were males and 165 were females. 95 males became ill during their infancy as compared to 75 females during the same period. This difference was statistically significant. The average number of sicknesses per sick infant were found to be 1.46 in the males and 1.37 in the females. The infant mortality was 148. The neonatal mortality rate was 34.6 9% of the infant mortality rate. Deaths within the 1st week of life were 88% of the total neonatal deaths. Diarrheal diseases were found to be the leading cause of morbidity among the rural infants. There was no significant variation in the mean duration of illness found during different periods of infancy.