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Research on the Evolution of the Quantity and Quality of Inbound Tourism Flow in Henan Province

Taking 2000-2003’s data of foreign exchange income and the number of inbound tourism from as the sample, we studied the inbound tourism flow and the change of the Liquiity and the synergy degree in these cities. The flow of inbound tourism and the Liquiity in Henan province presented the characteristics of opposite change. In flow, it presents the steady uptrend, there were 3 general forms: gradually reducing, gradually rising and cross rolling type. In Liquiity, its types of high-quality and low-quality flows are basic equivalence, presents the staggered change state. Inbound tourism flow and the evolution of the Liquiity in Henan province can be divided into 3 stages, 2003 and 2008 is a node of its division. The evolution of the inbound tourism flow and Liquiity collaborative structure show that the complex conditions, especially the evolution of the synchronous 2-high type cities and synchronous middle type cities show a trend of decline. The number of later one appears to a change trend of increasing first and then, steady. The number of deviation cities is volatility. The reverse deviation cities are the most, which present a trend of decreasing at first, then coming steady.


Introduction
The study of tourism flow has been one of the main contents of tourism geography research for a period of time [1]. Inbound tourism, as one of the six basic forms of tourism classified by the World Tourism Organization, is an important part of a country and region's foreign exchange earnings and occupies a very important position in regional development. In China, the generalized inbound tourism flow refers to the tourism-related passenger flow, information flow, capital flow, logistics, energy flow and cultural flow, which is related to tourism in mainland China. It is an important factor to promote the exchange and development between regions. The external manifestation of tourism activities [2]. In China's inbound tourism flow accounting system, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as an inbound tourism flow accounting and occupies an important position in our country, resulting in China's inbound tourism flow and other countries and regions formed significant differences. In the tourism system, tourists are the main body of the entire tourism activities. Therefore, the narrow sense of the inbound tourism flow only refers to the formation of tourists by the tourists and by the formation of the flow of funds, the measurement is mainly from two asoects:the flow and the Liquiity. It is of great significance to understand the characteristics of regional inbound tourism flow and the dynamic evolution of traffic.
For the study of inbound tourism flows, the time distribution of inbound tourism flows is mainly concentrated at home and abroad [3][4][5], temporal and spatial evolution [4][5][6], spatial structure [7][8][9][10], scale prediction [11][12] Factors [13][14][15], power mechanism [16][17] and other major aspects. However, there are few studies on the inbound tourism flow of the two indicators of flow and flow as the starting point, and mainly from the changes in the flow and the flow of the inbound tourism and the spatial dislocation [18][19][20]. In the past, the related research is mostly related to the study of large-scale space, and the diachronic research on the flow rate and the quality of the inbound tourism flow in the meso-scale area is relatively scarce, especially in the inbound tourism flow and the evolution of the fluid there are very few areas of collaboration. The competitiveness of Henan Province inbound tourism is weak in China, the number of inbound tourists and tourism foreign exchange income hovering around 20 in the long-term, the central and western regions are relatively backward, and the situation of its inbound tourism development and its tourism resources is seriously uncoordinated. Therefore, taking Henan Province as an example of inbound tourism flow and Liquiity quality research, for other tourism resources in the province of inbound tourism development is strongly relatable.

Source and processing of data
In order to facilitate the study, the 2000 statistical data as a starting point for research. As the beginning of 2014, Henan Province, the implementation of the 10 provincial counties, to facilitate the study of the consistency, we study the data as of 2013. Henan Province inbound tourism flow and Liquiity basic data mainly from the "Henan Statistical Yearbook" (2001-2014) inbound tourism reception and tourism foreign exchange income of the relevant data for the lack of data mainly use the corresponding year of the Henan Provincial Tourism Bureau Information and statistical reports on the corresponding years of each city.

Inbound tourism flows
Tourism flow is one of the main indicators to measure the characteristics of tourism flow, most scholars use the number of tourist reception, the number of tourist reception, or one of the large regional market share as a percentage of the measure. In this study, the percentage of the number of inbound tourists in the prefecture-level cities in the corresponding years is taken as a measure of the flow rate of inbound tourism in the prefecture-level cities.

Inbound tourism flow
The quality of tourism flow quality is mainly measured by the fluid, and its combination with the flow can be a comprehensive assessment of the flow of tourism, from the flow and the flow of two dimensions can be divided into four basic types of tourism flow: star flow (large scale High size, low cost), young children flow (small scale high efficiency), lean dog flow (small scale low efficiency), the schematic diagram shown in Figure 1.
In the formula: Qi said that the i-class prefecture-level city of inbound tourism flow; ai that the i prefecture-level city inbound tourism foreign exchange income accounted for the proportion of tourism foreign exchange income in Henan Province; bi said the first i prefecture-level city inbound tourism reception The number of people accounted for the proportion of the total number of inbound tourism in Henan Province; Xi said the i-level prefecture-level city inbound tourism foreign exchange income; Yi said the first i prefecture-level city inbound tourist reception number. The larger the value of Q, the higher the quality of the tourism flow, the better the tourism economic benefits of the corresponding tourism flow. Generally speaking, if Q> 1, the tourist flow should be high-quality tourist flow; if Q <1, it belongs to low-quality tourism flow. Through this formula, the flow status of tourism flow in Henan Province from 2000 to 2013 is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

The overall evolution characteristics of inbound tourism flow and Liquiity in Henan Province
In the 2000 -2013 time intervals, the inbound tourism flow and the fluid quality of Henan Province show the opposite characteristics. In terms of traffic, the inbound tourism flows in Henan Province showed a steady upward trend. In addition to the special factors such as "SARS" in 2003, the inflow of inbound tourism flows reached its trough, and then rose in this trough, showing an upward trend 1.04% increase to 3.72% in 2013. The average annual intake of inbound tourists was 90.8 million, while the average annual increase in the number of inbound tourists was 12.49 million, and the growth rate showed a strong upward trend in general. In addition, Of the Liquiity quality indicators, the average value of inbound tourism flow of 0.519, in the type of low-quality tourism flow, but also showed a downward trend, the quality of tourism flow is not optimistic. Henan Province inbound tourism flow and fluid evolution in 2003 as a point, can be divided into two stages. Before 2003, the flow of inbound tourism was on the rise, but the growth rate was slow, and the flow rate showed a rapid growth trend after 2003. The overall fluidity showed a downward trend, but the flow rate decreased rapidly and the curve was steep in 2003 After the year, the trend of Liquiity decline is controlled, the curve is relatively flat, but the overall trend of decline has not been changed, Henan Province, inbound tourism flow and the overall change in fluid as shown in Figure 2.

Evolution of inbound tourism flows in various cities
The changes of inbound tourism flow in Henan Province in 2013 -2013 showed three forms, namely, gradual decrease, steady rise and undulating. In the 18 cities in Henan Province, according to Figure 3 can be seen, Zhengzhou, Puyang, Nanyang three cities inbound tourism flow changes are gradually reduced, and Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Jiaozuo, Zhou and Zhumadian are steadily rising Type, the rest of the city are wavy ups and downs. Among them, the decline of Zhengzhou and Luoyang and Jiaozuo the most obvious increase in the region of Henan Province, you can see the inbound tourism flow in the regional differences in space.

Inbound tourism flow and fluid synergy meaning
Synergy indicates the degree of coordination of elements in the overall development process, widely used in other disciplines, and is used to represent the deviation between two related elements. In the formation and development of tourism flow, it contains many factors, flow, flow and fluid, and the flow and the flow are two closely related factors. In this study, the synergistic degree of tourism flow and fluidity in various cities in Henan Province (tourism Flow efficiency) to coordinate the degree of coordination to determine the degree of coordination. In general, the area of inbound tourism flow is relatively high, and if the area of inbound tourism flows is low, the area of the flow is low or the flow of inbound tourism is small, the flow is large, and the synergistic deviation is formed. Inbound tourism flow and the degree of synergy with the status of reverse. The ideal goal of regional tourism development is the scale of the flow of tourism to bring the corresponding scale of the Liquiity.  Table 2. Combined with the synergistic relationship between flow and fluid, we can see the specific relationship between the flow rate and the Liquiity quality of inbound tourism in Henan Province in three periods, as shown in Table 3 During the period from 2000 to 2002, there was only one city in Zhengzhou, which had a positive deviation from the flow of traffic and flow in the country. There were Puyang, Anyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Jiaozuo, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Xinxiang, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Jiyuan and Hebi 15 cities, in the simultaneous development of Luoyang and Kaifeng two cities, the specific results shown in Table 3 During the period from 2008 to 2013, there were two cities in Luoyang and Kaifeng, which were in the reverse direction. There were two cities in Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Xinxiang, Puyang, Xinyang, Zhoukou, Nanyang, Zhumadian, Luohe, Hebi, Xuchang, Shangqiu And Jiyuan 13 cities, in the simultaneous development of Jiaozuo, Anyang and Sanmenxia 3 cities, the specific results shown in Table 5.  Table 6, and the spatial evolution is simulated by from cities largest number of all cities, assume a first reduced, then the steady trend, the number decreased from 15 to 12, 13 and then slightly increased. From the development level of the local cities, in the 18 prefecture-level cities, 14 years by the synergy between the flow and the flow of urban types from the city did not change the number of 11, respectively, Puyang, Xuchang, Pingdingshan Xinyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Luohe, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Hebi, accounting for 61.11% of all cities in Henan Province; state deterioration of the city are mainly Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Zhengzhou from the first phase of the positive deviation to the first second stage, the third stage of development and then reverse deviating, and then held to Luoyang positive deviation of the third stage of the double-height by the synchronization of the development of the first stage is the second stage type positive deviation; state The city of Sanmenxia, Anyang, Kaifeng, Sanmenxia and Anyang from the first phase of the reverse deviation from the type of development for the synchronization of double low and then to the third stage remain unchanged, Kaifeng from the first phase of the simultaneous development of the middle of the first forward deviating the second and third stages; change of state exhibit an undulating Jiyuan, its type reverse from the first stage to the second stage deviating transition synchronous type and then return to the low double The third stage reverse deviating. Inbound tourism flow of 18 cities in Henan Province shows three kinds of forms: were gradually reduced, steady rise and staggered ups and downs. Zhengzhou, Puyang, Nanyang three cities inbound tourism flow changes are gradually reduced, and Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Jiaozuo, Zhoukou and Zhumadian are steadily rising, the rest of the city are staggered ups and downs. In the Liquiity, the high qualities of the city are: Zhengzhou, Pingdingshan, Jiaozuo, Luohe, Nanyang, Xinyang, Zhumadian; are low quality of the city are: Kaifeng, Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Xuchang, Sanmenxia, Shangqiu, Zhoukou and Jiyuan; Luoyang and Puyang inbound tourism flow of the average value just at a critical value.
The evolution of the inbound tourism flow and the synergetic structure of the 18 cities in Henan Province showed a trend of reverse growth, and the evolution of the synchronized double high-type cities and the synchronous middle-type cities showed a decreasing trend. The number of synchronous middle-class cities showed an increase in the steady state , The number of positive deviation from the city showed a fluctuating state, reverse deviation from the city in the number of cities in the largest number, showing a first less and then stable trend; from the development of local cities around the degree of progress in the 18 prefecture-level cities 14 years by the synergy between the flow and the flow of the city type has not changed the number of cities from 11, respectively, Puyang, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Xinxiang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Luohe, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Hebi, the state deterioration of the city are mainly in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, the state of the city has three good gates, Anyang, Kaifeng, the state showed a wave of changes in the source. The evolution of tourism flow and fluidity is the result of long-term sequence evolution. Only the relationship between income and person is not necessarily able to express its information completely. There is no objective relationship between the flow and the quality of the fluid. Benefit point of view, excellent travel flow should be a small flow and high quality of the species, but the instability of this tourist flow is very strong, the fluctuations are more obvious. Due to the length of the study time scale and the calculation of statistical data, the synergistic degree of tourism flow and fluidity in Henan Province has not changed much, and the overall trend also shows a fluctuating trend.