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PLACE‐IMAGE AND MEMORIAL DAY IN 1920s AND 1930s PETAH TIKVAH

Petah Tikvah held an ambivalent place‐image within the Zionist community in Mandatory Palestine. On the one hand, the first and largest Jewish moshavah in the Land of Israel, the settlement won the honorary title “Mother of all Moshavot”; on the other, partly urbanized Petah Tikvah was occasionally depicted as replicating the sordid Jewish shtetl and the hegemonic narrative described its private farmers as greedy egotists. Petah Tikvah’s main public event was a Memorial Day commemorating four local young men who died in battle in 1921. An annual ceremony including the settlement’s religious and secular populations, it presented Petah Tikvah as a deeply rooted agricultural community that had raised brave “new Jews” willing and able to defend it. Memorial Day reconstructed the moshavah’s “rebirth” in 1921 and celebrated its unity. Although an internal event, Memorial Day and its meaning for local participants should be viewed not merely as reflecting formal Zionist ideology, but also as part of an informal dialogue over Petah Tikvah’s complicated place‐image: in addition to its primary commemorative function, the moshavah’s residents also used the yearly ceremony to assert their national dedication and demonstrate their fulfilment of central Zionist ideals.