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Different methods to obtain the I–V curve of PV modules: A review

In order to characterize photovoltaic devices a procedure to measure I–V curves is required. The main methods used to perform this task are reviewed. It is shown that at least six distinct methods have been reported in the literature with many variations in implementation. A detailed comparison taking into account typical parameters for measuring systems is accomplished. This paper could be used as a reference for future work on photovoltaic module characterization.