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[Genetic aspects in nicotine dependence].

Genetic epidemiology of smoking and nicotine dependence has been studied for decades. Twin, family and adoption studies show evidence for genetic effects on smoking and nicotine dependence. Gene-environment interactions exist, such as parental monitoring moderating genetic vulnerability for smoking. Molecular genetic analyses have identified a few genes associated with the amount smoked and nicotine dependence. Genome-wide association studies have identified some nicotine dependence genes. The nicotinic receptor alpha 5 gene variant associated with nicotine dependence is functional. Studies with sophisticated phenotypes, larger samples and better environment measures are needed.