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[Vascular access in Spain: analysis of its distribution, morbidity, and monitoring systems].

Vascular access disfunction causes a therapeutic emergency with different implications in patients and care givers. The aim of this study was to know the distribution of different kinds of vascular access between prevalent hemodialysis patients, the proportion of incident patients that holds a permanent vascular access, the monthly hospital ratio for access repair and the use of surveillance systems of vascular access adequacy in the different Centers. This is a National survey that shows results of a questionnaire sent to all hemodialysis units in Spain on september 1999. Eighty-eight units answered the questionnaire (42%) providing information about 5,476 prevalent patients. Of these patients, 81% receives treatment through an arteriovenous fistula, 10% uses a central catheter and 9% a graft. Only 56% of incident patients have a permanent vascular access. Reasons for catheter use between prevalent patients were exhaustion of vascular sites in 42%, maduration of permanent access in 24%, thrombosis of the access in 14% and another reasons in 19%. Patients monthly hospitalization ratio for vascular repair was 3%, that might represent more than 5,600 hospital ingress by year. More than 80% of the Units releases different surveillance programs of access adequacy, 69% by fiscal detection problems, 47% by dynamic alterations and 18% by dilution and imaging procediments. The conclusions of this survey are that arteriovenous fistula is the most used vascular access in Spain. Almost half of the patients do not have vascular access in use for the beginning of hemodialysis. Exhausted vascular sites is the primary reason for central catheter using. A great proportion of Units are employing programs for access monitoring.