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II. Dance Ethnology and the Anthropology of Dance

Choreographers, dancers, and viewers of dance are socially and historically placed individuals who operate according to sociocultural conventions and aesthetic systems. This is also the case with those who study and write about dance—dance historians, dance ethnologists, anthropologists. This essay will focus on dance studies by anthropologists, dance ethnologists, and indigenous scholars and how their interpretations have been presented as well as how they have evolved and changed. Although Western dance and its music have made inroads into the performing arts of even the most remote corners of the world, the indigenous dance traditions of most nations are still alive and well, and indeed continue to influence dance in the West. Studies of non-Western dance traditions are usually carried out by anthropologists or dance ethnologists who are likely to have the background knowledge that would help them to appreciate and understand dance and other structured movement systems in the larger scheme of cultural forms. There are also numerous studies of dance by indigenous researchers who work on the dance traditions of their own cultures as well as the dance traditions of others, including ballet and modern dance. What these researchers have in common is that they feel that dance is not transparent, giving up its secrets to the uninitiated, but that it must be seen as an integral part of a total way of life. Unlike most dance in the West, in many other parts of the world dance is not simply entertainment. Recent trends in dance studies suggest that the terms "Western dance" and "non-Western dance" perpetuate false dichotomies and that a focus on who studies the dances, and their points of view, might be more appropriate. Some studies result from turning the anthropological eye upon "ourselves" while others use insights from dance history to explore the "other." For