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Tourism and informal encounters in Cuba

approaches and methodological considerations. These two chapters are concerned with exploring and understand usage, and offer a typology of guidebook users. Chapter 8 is especially important and offer valuable practical insight for the guidebook publishers to consider. Four case studies on Melbourne, Copenhagen, Bali and Fiji are presented in Chapter 9 with a discussion of ‘trust’ at the end of the chapter. This is difficult to measure because guidebooks are unique to each destination and while authors are experts, may they be locals or very familiar with the destination, the element of trust and usefulness may greatly differ by destination – I have certainly experienced this from my own personal travels. As argued in Chapter 10, there are three assumptions of guidebooks and destination development. This is where looking at the influence of guidebooks over time as detailed back in Chapter 3 is useful. Guidebooks have the power to influence and direct people to a new destination away from more popular destinations and attractions. Those writing have a unique view of a destination so they can make recommendations, but as discussed earlier in the book, the tourist needs to trust the recommendations and judgement of the author. Just as guidebooks can influence and direct us, they can lead to increased tourism and play a role in mass or cultural commodification. Chapter 11 focuses on the internet, and going beyond the blog to usergenerated content. User-generated content is a popular area of research and the end of this book leads readers in the direction of the importance of such contemporary research. The final chapter, Chapter 12, offers further conceptual directions and some critical directions for researchers interested in guidebooks. This area of research will benefits from interdisciplinary collaborations. There is much depth and understanding to gain not only in the field of tourism, but also from sociologists, social-psychologists, geographers and scholars in cultural studies and communications because guidebooks involve social interactions, influence, behaviour and place. I believe this book is most useful for academic researchers because it offers some critical directions and case studies. As mentioned, guidebook publishers would also benefit from insight presented.