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Book Review: The Patient as Partner: A Theory of Human-Experimentation Ethics

in terms that are dizzyingly simplistic. The classical theological outlook informing modern rights theories, P. states, "recapitulates an Augustinian-inspired faith; Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau acquired it through the partial taint of Calvinism, Marx through the religious sentiments of Moses Hess, and Leo [XIII] through its persistent echoes in the corridors of Catholicism" (81). Finally, mention must be made of the odd blending of historical detail and applicative generalization in this book. Though he avoids the careful study of Augustine that his argument demands, P. attends to historical and intellectual detail in the work of thinkers like Hobbes, Rousseau, and Kant with perspicuity and clarity. The constructive application of this spadework, however, is often made with less care, perhaps because, as already noted, the categories integral to this application are basically flawed. This is particularly in evidence in the last long essay, "Metamorphosing Narcissus' Mirror," which makes up the final third of the book. Here P. explores the postmodern betrayal of the social conscience implicit in classical and modern conceptions of individuality and urges the contemporary recovery of modern thought's authentic religious spirit. His analysis is hampered, however, by the employment of a strangely stylized and always ambiguous taxonomy which turns its attention alternately to different modern concrescences of the myth of Narcissus. As the reader is presented with vague representations of intellectual stances bearing the labels "autonomous Narcissus" (inheritors of the Enlightenment project of freedom), "Narcissus of illusionless reality" (Nietzsche), and "Narcissus of civic accommodation" (Freud), measured scholarly judgment is lost in a diagnostic blur in which metaphor becomes a substitute for careful distinction, and the many subtleties of modern thought part of a vision too unfocused to lend itself to critical assessment.