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The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Text and context to the rise of a " public interest' EU-oriented European lawyer

The solemn proclamation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union at the Intergovernment Conference, held in Nice on 7–9 December 2000, marks a substantial turning point in the constructionist geo-political strategy of European integration. Although it is true that the ‘Declaration on the future of the Union’, attached to the final document of the Conference, has left open and unresolved the technical problem of the legal status of the Charter vis-a-vis the EU Treaties, it is true also that all constitutionally relevant Community organs—i.e. European Council, European Council of Ministry, European Parliament and European Commission— have officially recognised the Charter as a formal act of internal codification (of constitutional nature), i.e. as an expression of the highest will of the same European Union. The enactment of the Charter, therefore, indicates not only that the EU legal system has gained a proper constitutional autonomy, but also that the socio-political legitimation of citizenship in Europe has substantially changed, for it provides European social actors with a new institutional arena. The aim of this study is to take seriously these issues, to focus on their political and legal implications, and to decipher the general contours of a socio-legal trend that might lead to the rise of ‘public interest’ EU-oriented European lawyers.