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Nicotinic acid, its mechanism of action and pharmacological effects

Nicotinic acid belongs to vitamin B complex. Nicotinic acid is also called as Niacin, by definition niacin means nicotinic acid (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), nicotinamide (nicotinic acid amide and pyridine-3-carboxamide), and derivatives. These compounds takes an important role as they are precursors of the co-enzymes nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Vitamers of niacin are found in all foods from plant based and animals. Some foods which have balanced protein may have niacin in high amounts because of the contribution of tryptophan. So there will be deficiency of it seen in situations of malnutrition, poverty and chronic alcoholism. At the levels of pharmacological it is supplemented compounds of niacin can give more health benefits like fighting against cardiovascular disease, neurological problems, diabetes, and other skin disease. Combination of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid is called Niacina B vitamin, and it is a pharmacotherapeutic agent which was being used since 1955, making it the oldest hyperlipidemic agent [1]. This vitamin plays an important role in protecting neural health and saving from neuronal death, which makes it more important in the functioning of central nervous system [2]. Use of niacin is extensive to reduce the total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) whether it’s being used alone or in combination with stain medication like hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme. One of the important pharmacological agent to increase plasma high density lipoprotein HDL is niacin [3,4]. Patients who has mixed dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus, many studies proved that niacin has the capability to counterbalance cardiovascular risk, and therefore is highly used to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, particularly when used with statin drugs [4]. The two unique and pronounced lipid‐modifying effects of nicotinic acid, in addition to the lowering of cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (VLDL), are the raising of HDL cholesterol and the lowering of Lp(a). Both effects are of clinical significance as they lead to a diminished risk for atherosclerotic CVDs. Article Publication