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Crushing Behaviors and Energy Absorption Efficiency of Hybrid Pultruded and ±45° Braided Tubes

A numerical and experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the response and energy absorbing capacity of hybrid composite tubes made of unidirectional pultruded tube over wrapped with ±45° braided fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). The numerical simulation characterized the crushing behaviors of these tubes subject to both quasi-static compression and axial dynamic impact loadings. Two types of FRP braids, that is, glass and carbon fibers braids were considered. Parametric studies were also conducted to examine the influence of the thickness and type of braid, as well as the loading conditions on the crushing behavior of the tubes. Due to its ease and controllability, quasi-static crushing tests were conducted to verify the numerical studies’ findings. Very good agreement was observed between the finite element simulation and experiments. It was observed that the presence of braids restrained the brittle crack propagation in pultruded tubes, thus reinforced the flexural behavior of the tube walls, and in turn improved their energy absorption capacity. Moreover, the hybrid tubes exhibited a more desirable, accordion type failure mode, therefore they are considered to be more suitable candidates as energy absorbing structural members in service conditions.