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Interactive Navigation of Virtual Vessel Tracking with 3D Intelligent Scissors

Vessel tracking is usually needed for various medical usages such as clinical diagnosis and surgery planning. A clear understanding of the patient's actual vessel morphology is very important in planning the surgery. Tracking the vessels/bronchia from scanned medical images such as CT or MRI manually is very tedious and labor-intensive. On the other hand, a fully automatic tracking algorithm may not be very reliable. It may be sensitive to the noise in the volume data. In this paper, we propose a vessel tracking method that finds air-way paths using three-dimensional intelligent scissors. 3D Intelligent Scissors has the ability to extract hollow vessels by climbing along surfaces. Thus, a rough path can be found if the end points of a narrow tunnel are selected. Another advantage of using 3D Intelligent Scissors is that it can successfully extract the path even the actual path is broken. Very often the diameter of a blood vessel may be sometimes smaller than one voxel. Since our algorithm is semi-automatic, it provides sufficient control to accurately find out the desired paths with only minimal user intervention. We have applied the proposed 3D Intelligent Scissors for the application of tracking lung air-ways. A 3D stylus and cutting planes in the virtual volume space are used for selecting the end nodes of vessel paths and revealing the local details on the texture-mapped plane. Our system also provides advanced navigation features to guide visual examination and diagnosis of volumetric air-way paths. These include interactive control of incremental forward, backward, and rotating navigation in reference to the viewing frustum and 3D real-time input.