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Overview of Russo-Kurdish Relations in the Context of Turkey and Syria (1813-2019)

When Russia builds military, economic, and social relationships with Turkey and Syria, it also actively considers how to win the “kindness” of the Kurds. The Putin administration, aware of this necessity, has attempted to pursue a “balanced policy” in recent years. Despite the policy’s issues during the Afrin (Kurdish: Efrin) Campaign and the Operation of Peace Spring, Russo-Kurdish relations are constantly developing and growing in importance. The relationship, which began following the Treaty of Gulistan, has always followed the bumby cruise. The Ottoman Empire (and later the Republic of Turkey) has played an especially active role in determining the scope of this relationship. This paper uses a general framework to analyze the Russo-Kurdish relationship from the age of Imperial Russia to the modern era of the Russian Federation.