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Spray‐deposited CuIn1−xGaxSe2 solar cell absorbers: Influence of spray deposition parameters and crystallization promoters

To produce smooth, crack‐free, and highly crystalline absorber layers are the main challenges in the fabrication of thin film solar cells using nanoparticle‐based solution‐processing technologies. In this work, we report on the optimization of the spray deposition parameters to produce highly homogeneous CuIn1−xGaxS2 thin films with controlled thickness using nanoparticle‐based inks. We further explore the use of inorganic ligand exchange strategies to introduce metal ions able to promote crystallization during the selenization of the layers, removing structural defects and grain boundaries that potentially act as recombination centers.