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Antibacterial metabolites from an unexplored strain of marine fungi Emericellopsis minima and determination of probable mode of action against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Increasing prevalence of drug resistance has led research to focus on discovering new antibacterial agents derived from the marine biome. Although ample studies have investigated marine fungi for their bioactive metabolites with hopeful prospects in drug discovery. The present study was aimed to isolate/ identify potential anti methicillin-resistant S. aureus compounds producing marine fungal strain from Indian marine environment. The effective anti-MRSA compound was produced by marine fungal strain designated as D6. The D6 strain exhibited 99 % similarity to Emericellopsis minima based on 18S rRNA gene analysis. The culture conditions of Emericellopsis minima D6 were optimized using nutritional and environmental parameters for enhanced anti-MRSA compound production. Agar well diffusion assay was used to determine the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of the crude extract against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, whereas broth microdilution method was used to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) active fraction. MIC values of the ethyl acetate fraction ranged from 0.8 to 1 mg/ml. SEM analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction induces deep craters in methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Further, GC-MS analysis confirmed the occurrence of a total 15 major compounds in active ethyl acetate fraction. Some of the major antibacterial compounds included cyclopentanol, isothiazole, benzoic acid, pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro. These findings suggest that the marine fungi of Emericellopsis minima can be valuable candidate for prospecting antibiotic and an alternative complementary strategy for drug resistant bacterial infections. Graphical Abstract: "Bioprospecting of Emericellopsis minima for antibacterial" This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.