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A model to represent propagation and radiation of higher-order modes for 3-d vocal-tract configuration

For the representation of acoustic characteristics of three-dimensional vocal-tract shapes, it is necessary to consider the e(cid:11)ects of higher-order modes. This paper proposes an acoustic model of the vocal-tract which incorporates the coupling of the higher-order modes, including both propagative and evanescent modes. A cascaded structure of acoustic tubes connected asymmetrically is introduced as a physical approximation of the vocal-tract. The acoustic characteristics, which are dependent not only on the vocal-tract area function but also on the vocal-tract con(cid:12)g-uration, can be investigated by the proposed model. Preliminary results of numerical computations for relatively simple con(cid:12)gurations suggest that additional resonances at frequencies above 4.3kHz are formed by the propagative higher-order modes, while those at frequencies below 3kHz are in(cid:13)uenced bythe evanescenthigher-order modes. These results are also con(cid:12)rmed by the FEM simulations.