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Autocratic Monarchy: Yu. F. Samarin’s Theoretical Concept and Historic Reality

The article describes Yu. F. Samarin’s interpretation of Russian autocracy evolution in the period from the last third of the 15th century and till the 60s–70s years of the 19th century, from the reign of Ivan the Third till the reign and reforms of Alexander the Second. For the present analysis of the well-known Slavophile’s views the author has used act materials, modern interpretation by our historians of the process of Russian monarchy transformation and the scientific research materials of the author of this article. Special attention in paid to the role of Peter the First in the national history, his infringement of inheritance succession of the throne and consequences of the innovations introduced by him. According to Samarin, that model of autocracy became an obstacle for the transition from the autocratic monarchy to the constitutional one in the middle of the 19th century, but did not contradict the role of Russia as the stronghold of the Slavic-Orthodox world.