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Alteration Index, Normalized Weight and Geomorphic Changes of Dimensional Limestone on Artificial Salt Weathering

Salt weathering is one of the most destructive processes at both micro and macro-scale affecting the texture of the stone at grain size scale while resulting in the deformation of its morphology at a block size scale. The main aim of the current study is to find out the geomorphic changes that occur on El-Amyria oolitic limestone subjected to artificial salt weathering using sodium sulfate for twenty wetting-drying cycles. For this purpose, the initial and final durability of the stone was measured on three shapes: cubic, cylindrical and spherical: at three sizes: large, medium and small, respectively, through the Alteration Index and weight loss percentage respectively. The El-Amyria oolitic limestone was used as it constitutes the major rock body of the Greco-Roman archaeological sites in Lower Egypt as well as widely used for recent construction at salty aggressive environments. The stone was characterized by various instrumental methods before the artificial aging, to determine its petrography, mineralogy, rock and pore physical properties, chemical composition and geotechnical properties respectively. The Alteration Index is located at the 4th cycle of artificial weathering for the three sizes of cubic samples and the two smaller sizes of cylindrical samples; at the 6th cycle for the large cylindrical samples and the two smaller sizes of spherical samples; and at the 8th cycle for the large spherical sample. Alteration Index can reflect relative initial durability among forms and sizes of this limestone. Rounding sharp edges and/or corner angels for cubic and cylindrical shapes are the first recorded phenomena and as the test progresses, they tend to become spherical form.