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Physicochemical Research of Mineral and Mountain Spring Waters in Bulgaria

In Bulgaria is observed a great variety of spring waters. They are mineral and mountain spring waters. According to their temperature they can be cold (up to 37° С), warm (from 37° C to 60° C) and hot (over 60° C). This is Bulgarian standard, European Union. The mountain spring waters are cold with temperature up to 25° С. In Bulgaria for drinking mineral and mountain spring waters are valid Ordinance No 9 / 2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and decree No. 178 / 23.07.2004. By their chemical composition they fall into three categories – low mineralized (up to 2 g/L), moderately mineralized (2 to 15 g/L) and highly mineralized (15 – 30 g/L). According to their chemical composition the mineral waters are divided into sulphate, sulfide, hydrogen carbonate, chloride and carbonic. With regards to their gas composition they are nitrogen, sea and carbonic waters. The objective of the current study is to show springs examined by physicochemical parameters and correspond to Ordinance No 9 / 2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and decree No 178 / 23.07.2004 about the quality of water intended for drinking and household purposes. In the current study mineral waters and mountain spring waters from mountain regions of Bulgaria have been studied. It is well known that in the mountain areas of Bulgaria live the most of longliving people and centenarians. The studies are conducted by microbiological laboratory of Trakia University, Stara Zagora headed by Nedyalka Valcheva, accredited laboratory Eurotest Control, and the laboratory of Scientific Research Center of Medical Biophysics. Review Article Ignatov; AJACR, 7(2): 40-46, 2020; Article no.AJACR.64453 41

Keywords: Mineral and mountain waters; physicochemical parameters; Bulgaria.

INTRODUCTTION
In the current study are shown mineral waters and mountain spring waters from mountain regions of Bulgaria. It is well known that in the mountain areas of Bulgaria live the most of long-living people and centenarians.
Research of mountain spring waters is conducted in the municipalities of Smolyan and Teteven, area well known for its people living people and centenarians. The mountain spring water is one of the factors for health and increased longevity. Shown is up-todate data from 2020 about mountain spring water Teteven.
Water is the main substance of life. The human body is composed from 48 to 54% of water for adult people. With aging, the percentage of water in the human body decreases. Hence, the factor of water quality is the essential factor for the research (Pocock et al., 1981;Howard, Hopps, 1986). Water is present in the composition of the physiological fluids in the body and plays an important role as an inner environment in which the vital biochemical processes involving enzymes and nutrients take place. Water is the main factor for metabolic processes and aging (Ignatov, Mosin, 2012, 2013. Earlier studies conducted by us have demonstrated the role of water, its structure, isotopic composition and physicochemical (pH, temperature) in the growth and proliferation of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in water with different isotopic content (Mosin, Ignatov, 2012, Mosin, 2013).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Physicochemical research is conducted of mineral and mountain springs in Northern and Southern Bulgaria.
In Southern Bulgaria are examined springs in the regions of Plovdiv [1]   The properties of mountain spring water are owed to its purity from snow and ice melting [23]. One of its unique features is the availability of additional energy among the hydrogen bonds in their transition from a solid to a liquid phase [24]. Examined water with such properties is without any presence of pathogenic micro-organisms. One of the secrets of longevity is the microbiological purity of the water and the availability of the following minerals -Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn).
In many areas the long-livers and centenarians consume mineral water rich in Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) [25,26]. The six indicated minerals support the balance in the human body and metabolism, and antioxidant effects occur [27,28]. Recent studies in compliance with Ordinance No 9 / 2001 are conducted of mountain spring water, Dolnata Cheshma, Teteven. Results are given in Table 2.
Researches were performed for the effects of the clinical parameters of long living people and water parameters [29][30][31][32][33]. Water in the human body has a spectrum for the life like information bearer. For the control group of healthy people the value of the spectrum of the largest local maximum is at -0.1387 eV or at a wavelength of 8.95 μm [34]. For the group of people in a critical state and the patients with malignant tumors, the values of the spectrum of the largest local maximums shift to lower energies compared with the control group. Local extremum at 8.95 μm is expressed in mountain spring waters [23,35,36].

CONCLUSION
In the present article an analysis is made of examinations according In many areas the long-livers and centenarians consume mineral water rich in Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na). The six indicated minerals support the balance in the human body and metabolism, and antioxidant effects occur.