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High-power optics and its new manifestations

The advent of the laser has placed stringent requirements on the fabrication, performance and quality of optical elements employed within systems for most practical applications. Their high-power performance is generally governed by three distinct steps, firstly the absorption of incident optical radiation (governed primarily by various absorption mechanisms); secondly, followed by a temperature increase and response governed primarily by thermal properties and finally the element’s thermo-optical and thermomechanical response, e.g., distortion, stress, birefringenous fracture, etc. All of which needs to be understood in the design of efficient, compact, reliable and versatile high-power systems, under a variety of operating conditions such as pulsed, continuous wave, rep-rated or burst mode of varying duty cycles.