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Women’s Representation in Politics: Case Study of Women Legislative Member in Regional of Representatives Nusa Tenggara Timur Period of 2014-2019

This article explores women’s representation in politics in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur/NTT) between 2014 and 2019. Since 2004, Indonesia has seen the implementation of a strategy to boost the level of female representation in parliament through affirmative action. However, the 30% target quote has not yet been achieved. Women’s representation in politics is an important indicator in the political system reflecting a recognition of the existence and interests of women as citizens. The success of the initiative is highlighted by the fact that the 2014 legislative elections saw female representation in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD NTT) increase by 100% from the 2009 election representation levels. Using the case study method and analyzing the process, this article argues that NTT women already have the awareness to actively participate in politics and become party representatives and legislative members. The presence of women in parliament is necessary to achieve gender equality and improve women’s welfare through gender-responsive policies.


Introduction
Women's representation in politics is needed for the following reasons: First, justice and equality. From the perspective of justice, democracy basically involves rights and as a consequence there must be opportunities for all groups of people to participate in various relevant policies. Men and women have the same right to participate in political policy making, the output of which greatly influences their lives. Second, the interests of women. Considering that women have different interests from men, women must be involved in the process of making political policies to improve the quality of life of women who cannot be represented by men to fight for it (Subono 2009). The third, emancipation and change in the political process. Because of patriarchal society breeds WCGS a sharp imbalance of power between men and women, the structure must be dismantled through political actions in order to promote a more equal and just and independent society. Fourth, the argument. It means that women have certain experiences and qualities (moral, ethical and new political styles) that need to be integrated in politics to change policies and institutions that are very male-centered. The last, the role model.
The presence of women in representative institutions will encourage other women to get involved in politics (Subono 2009).
Joni Lovenduski and Azza Karam (2012) explores that normatively the presence of women is expected to influence the performance of legislative institutions so that they are more in favor of women's interests. According to Lovenduski and Karam can be done in four ways. First, it concerns institutional or procedural fields, namely making parliament friendlier to women through steps that can show greater gender concern. Second, with regard to representation, it means guaranteeing the continuity and improvement of women's access to parliament, by encouraging female candidates, changing elections and campaigning laws, and advancing gender equality legislation.
The third, have an impact or influence. This is important because it relates to efforts to "feminize" legislation by ensuring that all legislation or all policy products made by legislative bodies really consider the interests and needs of women (gender sensitive).
And the fourth is discourse, namely changing parliamentary language so that women's perspectives become a natural thing and encouraging changes in public attitudes towards women.
However, women's efforts to voice women's issues and fight for women's interests in parliament often have to face obstacles. According to Budi Shanti, a researcher from the Jurnal Perempuan Foundation (2001) said that women in parliament are often trapped in friction between party interests and women's interests. Party interests are thick with nuances of masculinity sometimes inversely proportional to women's interests. Like it or not, women MPs who have stronger ties with the party will fight for the party's interests.
Women's issues are often considered too far-fetched and efforts to fight for women's issues are often considered discriminatory because they place too much importance on the interests of women.

Materials and Methods
As a study that pioneered debates on women's representation,

Results and Discussion
In  The elections of women as representatives in legislative bodies shows a good relationship between representatives and constituents, this can be seen with the elections of seven women as members of the DPRD NTT. According to the women's representation in regional level, in theory representation is an activity in making the perspectives, opinions and citizens voices "present" in the policy making process (Lovenduski 2008). As is known, in Law No 32 of 2004 on Regional Government, Article 41 has stipulated that as a regional people's representative body that is domiciled as an element of regional government administration, the DPRD has a legislative, budgetary and supervisory function.   The data shows that gender responsive issues have been accommodated, with a focus on three main issues that all of these local regulations were produced in 2016.
These issues are: maternal and child health; environment; and women labor.
First, the issue of maternal and child health. Health is one of the pillars of the guarantor of the nation's future. A healthy nation is a nation that is guaranteed to be sustainable, WCGS maintained its existence and is maintained by its generation. Therefore health must be the first and foremost target in efforts to build a strong economic base, a quality educational base and a civilized moral basis. Because healthy people are people who are able to work hard, think smart and have a sane mind.

Conclution
Women's representation in politics, especially in the DPRD NTT has a significant impact in order to encourage the fulfillment of women's needs and interests. This is involved in the formulation of three gender-responsive local regulations in 2016 on maternal and child health, the environment and Indonesian labor.
In addition, the increasing number of women in parliament gives confidence to other women to enter the political sphere and produce good policies for women.