{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.030090972708187544, 'fraction_numerical': 0.015395381385584325, 'mean_word_length': 4.933609958506224, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Expanding the spectrum of indirect trauma and superior tibiofibular joint‐related intraneural ganglion cysts

Over the past few years, our group has published a series of articles in Clinical Anatomy (Lalezari et al., 2012; Spinner et al., 2012a, b, c) describing direct and indirect mechanisms for trauma affecting the superior tibiofibular joint (STFJ) that give rise to common fibular (peroneal) or tibial intraneural ganglion cysts. Direct trauma such as from blunt injury to the knee region seems like an obvious source for disruption of the STFJ capsule, and in extreme cases, dislocation, of the joint itself (Ogden, 1972, 1974; Sekiya and Kuhn, 2003). Indirect trauma to the STFJ, such as from injury to the ankle region, is a less obvious etiology. We have shown that even with minor trauma to the ankle region from mild ligamentous or bony injury, subtle injury to the interosseous membrane (IOM) and even proximal leg, nerve injuries may ensue without an associated proximal fibular fracture. Based on our initial cases following acute trauma, we put forth a mechanism: namely torsion, directed at the ankle, can be translated up the IOM to the STFJ and also produce a traction injury to the nerves, especially where the nerves might be vulnerable to injury, such as the fibular neck. A recently treated patient expands the spectrum of indirect traumatic mechanisms. A 37-year old man presented with the acute onset of