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Nitrogen oxide emission in biodiesel fuelled CI engines — A review

Biodiesel as an augmenting fuel to petroleum diesel has advantages like lower CO, lower CO2, decreased particulate matter emission and lower UBHC and few disadvantages like poorer cold flow characteristics, lower heating values, and mostly reported higher emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2, where NO is nitric oxide and NO2 is nitrogen dioxide). Emission of oxides of nitrogen is the focus of this review article. Formation of NOx is a complex process and gets affected by several parameters like injection timing, adiabatic flame temperature, radiation heat transfer, and ignition delay. This article provides a review of the rich literature describing these parameters, and provides additional insight into the system responses that are manifested by the use of biodiesel.