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Cytomorphologic evidence of human papillomavirus infection in smears from the irradiated uterine cervix.

OBJECTIVE
To report the cytomorphologic evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical smears from women treated with radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.


STUDY DESIGN
From January 1986 to December 1993, 32 cervical cytologic smears (CCSs) from women who had received radiotherapy (Rtx) for squamous cell cervical carcinoma at A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital were selected for study due to the presence of signs of HPV infection. Review of the files of these patients showed 22 additional samples, which we included in this study. The avidinbiotin-immunoperoxidase technique was performed on previously stained slides using polyclonal rabbit antibovine papillomavirus type 1 to confirm the HPV infection.


RESULTS
Positive reactions were found in 18 cases (27 samples), mainly in cells with classic koilocytotic features, but also in epithelial cells that lacked cytopathic effects. Only one case, a biopsy from a verrucous lesion observed after Rtx, was found to be positive for HPV 6/11 DNA by in situ hybridization.


CONCLUSION
Cytologic and immunohistochemical positivity for HPV, as well as the reaction with a HPV 6/11 DNA probe, strongly suggested that HPV infection was acquired or expressed after radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to assess the mechanisms responsible for such an association.