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Kinetic evidence for the obligatory formation of a 30S initiation complex in polyphenylalanine synthesis initiated with N-acetylphenylalanyl-5RNA.

The problem of whether the initiation of bacterial protein synthesis involves the obligatory formation of a 30S initiation complex intermediate was examined in a model system with N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA as initiator 5RNA nad poly(uridylic acid) as mRNA. The time courses of the formation of the 30S and 70S initiation complex with Escherichia coli ribosomes were measured simultaneously by stopping the reaction with dextran sulfate and differentiating the N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA bound to 30S ribosomal subunits from that bound to 70S ribosomes with RNase I, which hydrolyzes N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA bound to 30S subunits but not that bound to 70S ribosomes. A maximum in the 30S complex concentration was observed within the first 10-15 sec of the reaction, whereas 70S complex formed formed more slowly with a slight initial time lag. When an analog computer was programmed with rate constants determined separately for the formation of the 30S initiation complex from preformed 30S complex, kinetic curves very similar to the empirical curves were obtained for the entire time course of the reaction. The results show clearly that formation of the 70S complex obeys the kinetic laws for consecutive reactions, and the 30S complex is, therefore, an obligatory intermediate in the initiation of polyphenylalanine synthesis in the model system.