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Four Cases of “Milwaukee Shoulder,” with a Description of Clinical Presentation and Long‐term Treatment

“Milwaukee shoulder” was first described by McCarty et a1.1~2 in 1981. Features of this condition include: 1) an occurrence predominately in older women; 2) shoulder pain and marked limitation of motion; 3) recurrent and large shoulder effusions, with a bland synovial fluid characterized by a low leukocyte count, composed chiefly of mononuclear cells; 4) concomitant glenohuineral osteoarthritis and/or rotator cuff tear; and 5) the presence of liydroxyapatite on crystal analysis of the aspirated synovial fluid. This paper presents four patients with “Milwaukee shoulder” in order to: illustrate the clinical presentation, discuss the treatment, and point out unresolved questions concerning the etiology of this disorder.