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Investigating Visual Imagery as a BCI Control Strategy: A Pilot Study

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology may provide individuals with motor impairments or even the general population a new way to interact with the world around them. However, current BCI systems using electroencephalography (EEG) can be unreliable and produce large variations in performance. Most studies seek to improve performance by focusing on signal processing and classification techniques. However, it may also be beneficial to investigate different control strategies. For this reason, the main objective of this pilot study was to investigate the use of visual imagery, a control paradigm that has not been much tested for EEG BCI applications. Visual imagery may provide a more intuitive control strategy with a greater number of available classes than other popular imagery-based methods such as motor imagery. Using this paradigm, we have demonstrated above chance binary classification accuracy (59.9%, p < 0.05) during offline decoding of face and scene visual imagery. Furthermore, the participant in this study achieved significantly above chance performance during a three-class, closed-loop BCI interaction (47.2%, p = 0.05). The initial results of this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of using visual imagery as an alternative EEG BCI control paradigm.