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Revolutions without Borders

This chapter studies the revolutionary political struggles and indigenous secessionist movements following the collapse of imperial rule in China and Russia in 1911 and 1917, respectively. It shows that China's 1911 revolution opened an interregnum decade. When the Qing dynasty was overthrown, autochthonous people, ever dissatisfied with Chinese and Russian incursions into their native lands, claimed independence from Beijing. Their aspirations to sovereignty did not last long, however. Meanwhile, the Russian Revolution and the Civil War triggered changes in the structure of authority on the Russian side as well. At first, however, these produced a vacuum of power. As a result anarchy prevailed on the China–Russia frontier.