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How to Teach Anesthesia in the Operating Room

Most anesthesiology educators would suggest that teaching in the operating room (OR) is the most common method of instruction within anesthesiology graduate medical education. The OR is a complex environment where several elements, including sophisticated equipment and the acuity of the clinical situations, make the learning experience unique and engaging, but sometimes, if teaching is not executed properly, it can lead to cognitive overload for both the teacher and the learner. Despite the fact that all anesthesiologists learn their trade in the OR, many if not most anesthesiology educators have little if any training in how to teach effectively in this environment. Teaching in the OR has many special features as well as advantages and disadvantages when compared with other medical teaching venues. Interactions between the teacher and the adult learner create an additional set of considerations with regard to learning styles and priorities. Most learners have preconceived educational expectations including receiving meaningful feedback regarding their performance. Many teaching topics and teaching techniques can be utilized while teaching in the OR. However, significant challenges may be concurrently present, which may conflict with effective teaching activities in the OR such as medical-legal concerns, financial production pressure considerations, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) regulations. Despite these challenges, teaching anesthesiology in the OR will likely remain the key educational venue for our specialty.