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Alkaline phosphatase isozymes of Xenopus laevis embryos and tissues.

Alkaline phosphatase was obtained by treating embryos of Xenopus laevis with n-butanol at different developmental stages from gastrula to tadpole; the enzyme was also obtained from adult kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Purification was carried out by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity is chromatographically spearated into two peaks, with molecular weights of approximately 200,000 and 400,000. Alternatively, two groups may be characterized on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities, which correspond to the different molecular weight classes. Effects of pH, temperature, inhibitors, and substrate concentration were studied. The kinetic and physical properties of the two alkaline phosphatase isozymes are similar, and are comparable to the properties reported for this enzyme from other vertebrates. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased sharply at the gastrula stage and reached a plateau at the late tailbud stage. During this period there was an 18-fold increase in activity.