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Electron Microscopy with Structured Electrons

Nanofabricated diffractive optics are new tools for coherently dividing and manipulating electron wavefunctions, similar to how spatial light modulators are used to engineer light waves in optics. For example, diffraction holograms can be used in a scanning transmission electron microscope to remove aberrations [1], implement new types of interferometric phase contrast [2,3], and produce electron probes with phase vortices and quantized angular momentum [4,5].