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Detect and Avoid Considerations for Safe sUAS Operations in Urban Environments

Operations involving small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) in urban environments are occurring ever more frequently as recognized applications gain acceptance, and new use cases emerge, such as urban air mobility, medical deliveries, and support of emergency services. Higher demands in these operations and the requirement to access urban airspace present new challenges in sUAS operational safety. The presence of Detect and Avoid (DAA) capability of sUAS is one of the major requirements to its safe operation in urban environments according to the current legislation, such as the CAP 722 in the United Kingdom (UK). The platform or its operator proves a full awareness of all potential obstacles within the mission, maintains a safe distance from other airspace users, and, ultimately, performs Collision Avoidance (CA) maneuvers to avoid imminent impacts. Different missions for the defined scenarios are designed and performed within the simulation model in Software Tool Kit (STK) software environment, covering a wide range of practical cases. The acquired data supports assessment of feasibility and requirements to real-time processing. Analysis of the findings and simulation results leads to a holistic approach to implementation of sUAS operations in urban environments, focusing on extracting critical DAA capability for safe mission completion. The proposed approach forms a valuable asset for safe operations validation, enabling better evaluation of risk mitigation for sUAS urban operations and safety-focused design of the sensor payload and algorithms.