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Grevillea merceri Olde & Marriott (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae: Hakeinae) an uncommon, geographically isolated species in the Triloba Group from subcoastal areas of southern Western Australia

The existence of Grevillea merceri Olde & Marriott, herein described, was brought to light following a single collection by the late Ken Newbey in 1963. His specimen was treated by McGillivray and Makinson (1993: 187) as ‘unassignable to species’ but with possible affinity to G. paniculata Meisn., a species very broadly conceptualised in their work. Revision and a more restricted delimitation of G. paniculata by Olde & Marriott (1994, 1995) clarified the many significant differences from this specimen and others subsequently found. The relationship of G. merceri to other members of the Triloba Group however remains uncertain and awaits phylogenetic analysis.


Introduction
Members of the Grevillea triloba Group in Western Australia are distributed abundantly between Perth and Kalbarri and extend east to a line between the Fraser Range and Point Malcolm, just east of Cape Arid, at which distance they are infrequent and much less speciose. South of Perth relatively few species flourish, and some are narrowly endemic. Several days spent by the authors in search of G. merceri, combing the tracks around Boat Harbour, went unrewarded until its recollection during a plant survey by Mr Jack Mercer in 1996. Mercer's specimen was gathered on spongolite terraces, a porous stone made from fossilised sponges embedded with silica that formed probably during the Eocene when sea levels were much higher and sponges lived in the warm shallow sea. Several additional populations of G. merceri have been subsequently located. Botanist E.M. Sandiford located several populations between Boat Harbour and the Pallinup River with some of these on loamy soils in broad valleys. The new species appears to be geographically restricted.

Morphology
Descriptive layout and morphological terminology used in this and subsequent papers is outlined by Olde (2015). The transition from a Biological Species Concept to a Phylogenetic Concept will necessitate the recognition of more taxa at specific rank. Phylogenetically untested relationships should not, in the view of the authors, be embedded in the nomenclature and all morphological characters should be treated as equal, rather than hierarchically nested with some potentially trivialised at the expense of others.
Diagnosis: Related possibly to Grevillea paniculata Meisn. which differs in its narrower, ascending to spreading leaf lobes, with the abaxial surface tightly enclosed by the margin including at the sinuses, in its prominent nectary, in its conical pollen-presenter, in its sharply rugose fruits with high-walled ridges and verrucae.

Distribution
Etymology: This species is named after Jonathon 'Jack' William Mercer B.Sc. (Hons) (16 Apr 1953 -) who rediscovered this species during a plant survey and provided great help to the authors in relocating it for field assessment.
Variation: There is some minor variation in habit and flower colour. At Cheyne Beach a dense shrub with shortly arching branches and very showy rich brown flower buds, slowly becoming ontogenetically orangeyellow was observed. The second shrub had a more open starfish-shaped habit with long, arching branches and pale green-yellow buds becoming cream with development.
Discussion: McGillivray and Makinson (1993: 187) treated the taxon, here described as Grevillea merceri, as Section Manglesia Unassignable to Species 'xviii' . It was then known from a single collection (Newbey 809). They suggested a possible affinity with G. paniculata perhaps because of its glabrous branchlets and floral rachises. Grevillea paniculata differs in its leaf lobes narrower (0.5-0.8 mm wide), with ascending to spreading orientation, and with the abaxial surface tightly enclosed by the margin including at the sinuses, in its nectary prominent, rising up to 0.2 mm above the torus, in its pollen-presenter conical, in its fruits with a rugose exocarp with high-walled, sharp ridges and verrucae. The smooth fruits of G. merceri suggest a possible relationship with G. levis which differs in its usually rhizomatous habit, its narrower, spreading leaf lobes 0.5-0.8 mm wide, its prominent nectary and in its more prominent floral rachis nodes.