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Childhood leukaemia and intramuscular vitamin K: findings from a case-control study

Exposures before birth and in early life have long been thought to be important determinants of cancer in children. Anxiety about the neonatal administration of vitamin K was raised in 1992, when Golding et al linked intramuscular, but not oral, vitamin K with childhood malignancy.1 Of particular concern was the 2.65-fold increased risk of leukaemia.1 Much debate ensued, and, although Golding's findings have not been confirmed elsewhere,2 3 4 much public anxiety remains. We present the findings relating to vitamin K from a case-control study designed to investigate associations between leukaemia and prenatal and neonatal exposures.

Cases comprise children (0-14 years) diagnosed with leukaemia whose mothers' obstetric notes are stored at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford (born 1951 or later), the Rosie Maternity Hospital, Cambridge (born …