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4.2.2 Organizational Safety: A Systems Engineering Perspective

Numerous studies have shown that organizational factors are contributors to major accidents, in particular, catastrophes, such as Chernobyl and Challenger. Organizational safety, as distinguished from industrial and system safety, can be viewed in a systems engineering context. Case histories of these and other disasters are reviewed with a focus on the organizational aspects. First, the systems engineering concept of the development and support systems, that is, the engineering and support organizations, as categories of enabling systems dictates that these systems be considered concurrently with the operational system in establishing the total system requirements. Secondly, the systems engineering processes of requirements development and synthesis enable the creation of an organizational system which meets the total system requirements for safety. Finally, systems of verification are addressed, both externally mandated systems as well as internally conducted audits.