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Tongue-pressure and hyoid movement timing in healthy liquid swallowing.

It was hypothesized that tongue-palate pressure generation might directly facilitate hyoid movement in swallowing through the anatomical connections of the extrinsic tongue muscles. If true, non-invasive measures of tongue-palate pressure timing might serve as a proxy measure of hyoid excursion. The timing relationships between events in the tongue-palate pressure and hyoid movement profiles during water and nectar-thick liquid swallowing in healthy adults were explored. Concurrent intra-oral manometry and submental B-mode midsagittal ultrasound were recorded. It was determined that there is no obligate sequence in the onsets, or offsets, of tongue-palate pressures and hyoid excursion. Timing lags (either of hyoid movement lagging tongue-palate pressures or vice versa) fell within 0.5 s, on average. It is concluded that tongue-palate pressure generation and hyoid movement are separate phenomena in the swallowing sequence and that non-invasive measures of tongue-pressure timing cannot be used reliably as proxy measures of hyoid movement timing.