{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.085995085995086, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0642915642915643, 'mean_word_length': 4.404867256637168, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 1, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Impact of Body Fat Percent on Heart Rate of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Activity

PURPOSE: To better understand the relationship between body fat percent (%BF) and aerobic capacity, this study examined how %BF would impact heart rate (HR), maximal HR% (%HRmax) and HR reserve% (%HRR) when walking at 3.0 mph among young adults. METHODS: The three-site skinfold measure was administered to 176 university students (mean age: 20.82±1.49; 102 males and 74 females) in the US and converted to %BF using the conversion tables by Jackson et al. (1985). The ACSM satisfactory ranges of %BF (2014, 10%-22%BF for men and 20%-32%BF for women) were used to divide participants into three %BF groups: Normal, Lean, and Obese. HRmax was calculated with “220-age”, resting HR (after lying on the floor for five minutes) was measured using HR monitors (Sigma PC26.14), and HRR was calculated with “HRmax-resting HR”. Finally, HR at the end of a three-minute treadmill walking at 3.0 mph was measured, which was also used to compute %HRmax (HR ÷ HRmax × 100%) and %HRR [(HR Resting HR) ÷ HRR × 100%] of the walking. One-way MANOVA was used to examine differences in HR, %HRmax, and %HRR of the three-minute walking among the three %BF groups. RESULTS: There were 90 participants in Normal, 64 in Lean, and 22 in Obese group. No age difference (p > .70) was found among the three %BF groups (Normal 20.71±.90, Lean 20.94±2.79, Obese 20.95±1.50). However, significant differences (p values ranged from .000 to .003) were observed in HR, %HRmax, and %HRR for the three-minute walking at 3.0 mph among the three %BF groups. Specifically, significant differences were identified in HR in all the three pairwise comparisons: Lean (95.56±10.27) vs. Obese (112.14±9.82), Lean vs. Normal (104.58±11.24), and Normal vs. Obese; in %HRmax in all the three pairwise comparisons: Lean (48.03±5.29) vs. Obese (56.34±4.91), Lean vs. Normal (52.48±5.64), and Normal vs. Obese; and in %HRR between Lean (22.89±7.35) and Obese (30.22±6.07) and between Lean and Normal (26.85±6.99). CONCLUSIONS: The %BF classified with ACSM %BF ranges has significant impact on HR among young adults when walking at 3.0 mph, a moderate-intensity (3.5-MET) activity. Specifically, when walking at 3.0 mph, lean individuals demonstrate significantly lower HR, %HRmax, and %HRR than normal and obese individuals; and normal individuals show significantly lower HR and %HRmax than obese individuals.