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Heavy oil-water two-phase flow characteristics in a vertical pipe

il-water two-phase flow widely exists in the oil industry with environment of high temperature and high pressure, such as oil exploitation, transportation and refining. Despite the great progress about oil-water two-phase flow, it seems clear that there is room for a great deal for more research on the effect of temperature and pressure on heavy oil-water two-phase vertical flow pattern. The goal of this study is to promote a better understanding of flow patterns of heavy oil-water two-phase pipe flow, particularly, flow patterns under high temperatures and high pressures. We conducted experimental measurements to examine the upward oil-water flow patterns in a small diameter vertical pipe (0.01 m ID) under high temperatures up to 130 o C and high pressures up to 20 mPa. The viscosity of the oil sample was 584.24 mPa-s and the density were 1.899 g/cm 3 at 30 o C. All the experiments were conducted with an in-house-built high pressure/temperature flow apparatus. This apparatus is equipped with a view window that allows us to visually observe the upward flow patterns of oil-water two-phase flow in a 0.01 m ID stainless steel pipe. The effects of pressure, temperature, Input Water Fraction (IWF) and mixture flow velocity on the flow patterns were systematically investigated. We plot the observed flow patterns on a flow pattern map in which input water fraction was used as the Y-axis and the mixture flow velocity was used as the X-axis. Based on the measurement results, we can observe the following flow patterns water-in-oil dispersed flow (D w/o), water-in-oil Bubbly flow (B w/o), water-in-oil Slug flow (S w/o), water-in-oil Creep Flow (CE w/o), churn flow (churn) and core Annual Flow (AF). Phase inversion was not observed in this work. With an increase in