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Origin of Apollo 15 Olivine- and Quartz-normative Basalts

Introduction: The Apollo 15 Mission to the Moon collected a large suite of low-Ti mare basalts. The whole-rock chemistries of these rocks led to their division into Olivine-Normative Basalts (ONBs) and Quartz-Normative Basalts (QNBs) [1,2]. The relationship of these two groups has been the subject of some debate. Are they directly related or do they represent melting of different sources in the lunar mantle? Chappell and Green [1], and Rhodes and Hubbard [2], using least-squares calculations, concluded that these basalts cannot be related by any process of nearsurface fractional crystallization. Vetter et al. [3] added a significant number of trace-element analyses, new ONB and QNB compositions, and an intra-group classification system to these investigations. Many of the trace-element trends are similar in both rock types the REE, Hf, Sm/Eu values all increase with decreasing MgO (Fig. 1). Still, many differences occur, made evident by the QNBs, such as near-constant Co concentrations and decreased Sc concentrations with decreasing MgO. However, a plot of La/Yb vs. Mg# (Fig. 2) shows there is a great deal of ambiguity in the chemistry of these rock types that needs to be addressed (i.e., the ONB-QNB division is not obvious).