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Ecological observations on Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) in eastern Oklahoma (Acarina: Ixodidae).

Packard (1869, Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. 1 : 56–69) and Bishopp & Wood (1913, Parasitology 6 : 153–87) described or referred to Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) and D. nigrolineatus (Packard) as 2 distinct species of winter ticks. Later workers have attempted to show that D. nigrolineatus is a variant of D. albipictus that occurs as a result of physical surroundings (Cooley, 1938, NIH Bull. 171, 80 p.). Although there seems to be some evidence supporting this latter view, we note the existence of both phenotypes in the Cookson Hills State Game Refuge, Cherokee Co., Oklahoma, and have not recovered intergrades. The nigrolineatus form has been commonly found on deer, cattle, and horses in the fall months. On the other hand, the albipictus form appeared to be nonexistent in the refuge until D. albipictus -infested elk [ Cervus canadensis (Erxleben)] were introduced from western Oklahoma in 1968. Since then, elk examined from February–April have frequently supported large numbers of various stages of D. albiputus . Cattle, deer, and horses from the same range examined during these months have been free of winter ticks.