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Joint associations of aerobic-based physical activity and muscle-strengthening activities on metabolic syndrome.

Objectives
The study aims to examine whether meeting the combined guidelines of accelerometer-assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and self-reported muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) simultaneously are associated with reduced odds of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than meeting neither or one of the guidelines among the Koreans.


Methods
This cross-sectional analysis included 1,355 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2015). Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations across groups of MVPA-MSA guideline adherence (meet neither [reference]; MVPA only; MSA only; meet both MVPS-MSA) with MetS components (e.g., abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension, and hyperglycemia). The odds ratios (OR) were adjusted for covariates (e.g., sex, age, body mass index [BMI], and accelerometer wearing time).


Results
MSA only significantly reduced the OR for abdominal obesity (OR 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.91). When meeting both MVPA-MSA, the OR of having hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39-0.88) and low HDL-C (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.31-0.68) reduced. Compared to meeting neither, MVPA only (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.44-0.89) and both MVPA-MSA (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.28-0.76) significantly reduced the OR for MetS.


Conclusion
Combined MVPA-MSA was most beneficially associated with MetS prevalence compared to MVPA only and MSA only. Considering that more than 85% of Korean adults do not meet both MVPA-MSA guidelines, public health actions to promote adherence should be supported.