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Development of an atmospheric turbulence simulator for deformable mirror evaluation

Currently we are developing a 10 cm silicon carbide (SiC) deformable mirror with 37 actuators operating at 500 Hz. The deformable mirror will be applied in a 1.5 m telescope. An adaptive optics system capability for the deformable mirror was simulated and performance was predicted based on the Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence model. However, in order to confirm the predictions, a closed-loop adaptive optics system was constructed with the insertion of an atmospheric turbulence simulator consisting of two point sources, a Boston deformable mirror, and double random phase plates. In order to simulate a binary star, the two point sources are mounted on 3-axis micron meter stages and are optically merged into a single beam path by a beam splitter cube. The light intensity of each source is adjustable to a corresponding stellar magnitude, while the angular separation can be precisely adjusted by moving the 3-axis stages. The atmospheric disturbance is generated by shaping the Boston deformable mirror and also by rotating the double phase plates. The Fried parameter of the generated the atmospheric disturbance corresponds to an area from 7 to 15 cm at 500 nm at the telescope pupil plane, which represents typical seeing conditions at the Bohyun observatory, South Korea.