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Even Good Bots Fight

In recent years, there has been a huge increase in the number of bots online, varying from Web crawlers for search engines, to chatbots for online customer service, spambots on social media, and content-editing bots in online collaboration communities. The online world has turned into an ecosystem of bots. However, our knowledge of how these automated agents are interacting with each other is rather poor. In this article, we analyze collaborative bots by studying the interactions between bots that edit articles on Wikipedia. We find that, although Wikipedia bots are intended to support the encyclopedia, they often undo each other’s edits and these sterile “fights” may sometimes continue for years. Further, just like humans, Wikipedia bots exhibit cultural differences. Our research suggests that even relatively “dumb” bots may give rise to complex interactions, and this provides a warning to the Artificial Intelligence research community. In August 2011, Igor Labutov and Jason Yosinski, two PhD students at Cornell University, let a pair of chat bots, called Alan and Sruthi, talk to each other online. Starting with a simple greeting, the one-and-a-half-minute dialogue quickly escalated into an argument about what Alan and Sruthi had just said, whether they were robots, and about God (1). The first ever conversation between two simple artificial intelligence agents ended in a conflict. A bot, or software agent, is a computer program that is persistent, autonomous, and reactive (2, 3). Bots are defined by programming code that runs continuously and can be activated by itself. They make and execute decisions without human intervention and perceive and adapt to the context they operate in. Internet bots, also known as web bots, are bots that run