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EFFECT OF LEAD TOXICITY ON DEVELOPING TESTIS OF MICE

Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant that may have its toxic effects on the male. The present experimental animal study was designed to observe the changes in the testis due to excessive use of lead. Developmental effects were monitored in the male offspring of Swiss mice from Postnatal Day (PND) 1 till PND 21. Lead acetate reduced the number of pups per litter, percentage of live offspring, and pups weight. Testicular morphology was severely affected in mice exposed to Lead acetate. Therefore, exposure during gestation and lactation adversely affects the reproductive system of male mice. In present study lead toxicity induced histological alterations in the various components of the testis. It is observed in present investigation that lead acetate given in high dose (640mg/kg/days) caused decreased body weight as compared to control males during developing period of pups. The microscopic examination revealed that lead induced apparent damage and reduction in the number of seminiferous tubules and primordial germ cells. Oral exposure of lead acetate changed the arrangement and shape of spermatogonia cells and reduced the number of sertoli cells. It also diminished the development of Leydig cells. We can conclude from our findings that lead acetate adversely affects developing testis of Swiss mice. INTRODUCTION: During the past 50 years, thousands of metals and chemicals have been released into the general environment . Oral exposure of these metals causes severe damage in male reproductive health. In fact, many metals have become essential to various biological processes. Essentiality goes hand-in-hand with intentional accumulation and safe transport, storage and usage mechanisms. Nonetheless, even essential metals will become toxic with increasing exposure. It is often the case that the nonessential toxicant metals mimic essential metals and thereby gain access to and potentially disrupt key cellular functions. Due to the rapid industrialization and overgrowing urbanization, effects of metals on male reproductive system have become major health concern 2, . This can also account for bioaccumulation of toxic metals 4, . It is undeniable that good quality semen is essential for reproductive success. This quality appears to have been directly affected in recent years. Since 1990s, various authors have reaffirmed the possible significant drop in sperm quality and consequently an increase in male infertility rates 6, 7, . From the findings of the present study, we reviewed that metals have been reported to produce significant toxicity in male reproductive system. Lead can be found in water pipes, insecticides, lining of equipment where corrosion resistance and pliability are required, in petroleum refining, in construction, bullets of gun, xray and atomic radiation protection and is a major industrial by-product. The manipulation of lead for these uses has caused lead contamination of air, dust, and soil.