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The connection of atmospheric new particle formation to fair-weather Earth-atmosphere electric field

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) generates secondary aerosol particles into the lower atmosphere via gas-to-particle phase transition. Secondary aerosol particles dominate the total particle number concentration and are an important source for cloud condensation nuclei [1] . NPF typically begins with clustering among gaseous molecules. Once the newly formed clusters attain a size larger than the critical cluster size (~1.5 nm), their growth to larger sizes is energetically favoured and eventually they become nanoparticles [2] . NPF is often observed with the participation of air ions [3] and sometimes is induced by ions [4] . Air ions are a constituent of atmospheric electricity. The presence of the Earth-atmosphere electric field poses an electrical force on air ions. The earth-atmosphere electric field exhibits variability at different time scales under fair-weather conditions [5] . It is therefore interesting to understand whether the Earthatmosphere electric field influences atmospheric new particle formation.