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Lignins as Components of Polymeric Composite Materials

The results of studies of natural, native, and technical lignins are surveyed. Data are presented on the structures and physicochemical properties of various technical lignins (hydrolytic, sulphite, and sulphate lignins), which constitute the waste of the cellulose-paper and hydrolytic industries. Considerable attention is devoted to the examination of the properties of lignins which are responsible for their employment for the reinforcement of elastomers and the modification of plastics. The methods of utilisation and rational employment of technical lignins in the plastics industry as active ingredients of polymeric composite materials are examined. The importance of sulphate lignins as the most active from the standpoint of structure and properties in relation to the polymer matrix for the creation of highly filled lignin-containing polymeric materials — lignoplastics of the type of poprolin — is specially emphasised. The bibliography includes 160 references.