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Rectangular Planar vs Concentric Circular Array for 5G Beamforming

Due to the use of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency, the transmitter signals in the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks suffer from significant path loss. Therefore, beamforming is an essential and powerful tool in 5G to enhance signal from the desired direction and suppress interferences from other directions. For a given number of antenna elements, the geometry of the array dictates its beam pattern. Most of the works in the existing literature address the use of rectangular planar antenna (RPA) arrays for 5G beamforming. In this work, we demonstrate that a concentric circular antenna (CCA) array is capable of generating a significantly narrower beam than an RPA array while operating with a notably lesser number of antenna elements on a considerably smaller area. This capability of the CCA array is exploited and utilized in enhancing the performance of a 5G network in both the link and the system levels.