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Rapid Water Harvesting and Non-thermal Drying in Humid Air by N-doped Graphene Micro-Pads.

We demonstrated a novel nano-textured graphene micro-pad that can rapidly harvest water from the air to generate microscale water droplets with the desired size in designated positions on demand by simply applying a negative electric bias of -1.5 ~ -15V. More interestingly, the water droplets can be reversibly dried non-thermally with the pad at ambient temperature in humid air (~ 85%RH) by applying positive electric bias of +1.5 ~ +15V. The harvesting and drying rates on the glass are 2.7 m3/s and 1.5 m3/s under a bias of -15V and +15V, respectively, but no apparent harvesting or drying activities were observed without the bias. The energy consumption is minimal as there is no Joule current due to the insulative substrate. It was shown that substrate wettability and ions play an important role enabling the fast water harvesting and non-thermal drying. Molecular modeling is developed to understand the harvesting and drying mechanisms at the atomic scale. The water harvesting/drying approach may be useful for many technological applications such as micro-/nanolithography, 3D printing, MEMS, biochemical and microfluid devices.