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Formation and Evolution of Inclusions in High Chromium Steel

MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions in high chromium steel are known to be detrimental to surface quality and mechanical properties such as formability and resistance to fatigue and fracture. The shortcomings intrinsically result from its high melting point and high hardness. There exist the other problems of plant operation from refining to casting. MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions are apt to adhere to the inner wall of the SEN (submerged entry nozzle) during casting. As a result, nozzle clogging decreases productivity and small debris flaked from the deposition results in surface defects.1–4) The temperature of molten high chromium steel during casting is lower than that of liquid iron or low alloyed steel. Therefore, acquisition of thermodynamic data in lower temperature below 1 873 K are also important, especially at as low as 1 773 K. Some inclusions found in steel products have been reported to originate from refining slag entrapped during AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) or ladle process. Alumina content in entrapped slag particle increases during the production process because of temperature drop from ladle to casting. Increase of alumina content in inclusion promotes Formation and Evolution of Inclusions in High Chromium Steel