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The discovery of Gramicidin S: the intellectual transformation of G.F. Gause from biologist to researcher of antibiotics and on its meaning for the fate of Russian genetics.

The discovery of Gramicidin S is considered to be the outcome of the intellectual transformation of Russian biologist G.F. Gause from simply a biologist to a researcher of antibiotics. Different historical conditions of this change as well as the development of experimental biology itself at this time are analysed in detail. The meaning of Gause's occupation of a new 'niche' in soviet science for the fate of Russian post-war genetics is defined as well.