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Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses.

BACKGROUND
Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure 'One Health" concept under current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to disastrous scocio-economic outcome. Moreover most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict the future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour.


METHODS
Structured literature search have been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicinal interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs.


RESULTS
Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding prevention, diagnosis and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as antiviral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and future prospects to design successful control strategies.


CONCLUSIONS
This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.