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Chronic Kidney Disease and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

VOL. 8 NO. 8 AUGUST 2006 546 The metabolic syndrome, also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), is a constellation of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal abnormalities that include insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, central or visceral obesity, hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria (MAU), fibrinolytic and inflammatory abnormalities, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypercoagulability.1–3 Collectively, these components convey a substantial risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD).2–4 The development of MAU is now widely accepted as a marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction and, importantly, is increasingly recognized as an integral component of the CMS.1–3 There are varying diagnostic criteria for the CMS.1–3 The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for diagnosis of the CMS includes the presence of MAU and recognizes the importance the CMS conveys with respect to both cardiovascular and renal end points.1