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Transparent and broadband switchable absorber/reflector based on structured water medium

A reconfigurable absorber/reflector, which has optical transparency and broadband switching function, is developed based on structured water medium. The conductive indium tin oxide coating is deposited on a thin polyethylene terephthalate film to act as the reflective backplane. Pure water is encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane materials to construct structured water. The average optical transmittance is about 61.88%/56.44% in the visible spectrum of 380–760 nm with/without pure water. Based on the combination of the stacking technique and the super-element configuration, an obvious switching function from broadband absorption (12.47–28.43 GHz) to broadband reflection (12–30 GHz) can be attained under normal incidence through the injection and discharge of pure water. Besides, the broadband switchable characteristics of the proposed structure remain effective for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes when illuminated by oblique incident waves up to 45°. Moreover, the proposed switchable absorber/reflector shows good temperature stability and can work under different liquid temperatures. Furthermore, the excellent performance of the proposed design is demonstrated by both simulated and experimental results, exhibiting great potential as transparent smart windows in large-scale ground-based stealth systems.