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Anchoring mechanisms of a holder-stabilized premixed flame in a preheated mesoscale combustor

A very lean-premixed, laminar methane–air flame is demonstrated, experimentally, to be stable in a mesoscale combustor with a flame holder. Unlike the anchoring location of the flame tip, the anchoring location of the flame root is practically independent of the equivalence ratio, inlet velocity, and thermal conductivity of the solid wall material. When the mixture becomes leaner, both the flame root and tip can adaptively shift toward the locations with higher temperatures, and additionally, the anchoring temperature of the flame root is higher. Subsequently, by means of the three-dimensional computational mechanics, their anchoring mechanisms are thoroughly analyzed in terms of the flow recirculation, stretch effect, preferential diffusion, and conjugate heat exchange. A recirculation zone or a low-velocity zone formed behind/near the flame holder and combustion chamber wall can assist the balance between the flow velocity and the flame speed for the flame anchoring, and the flame root can adaptively shift to a zone of lower local velocity. The stretch effect is not responsible for the flame root anchoring, but this effect stabilizes the flame tip by increasing the local flame speed near the flame tip. Preferential diffusion significantly promotes the local equivalence ratio near the anchoring location of the flame root, thereby facilitating the stability of this flame root, though it stabilizes the flame tip only slightly. Furthermore, the conjugate heat exchange plays an important role in preheating fuel/air and intensifying combustion, which influences the stabilization of both the flame root and tip. The shorter distance between the flame tip and the combustion chamber wall results in a stronger flame–wall coupling. These results indicate that the anchoring mechanisms for the flame root and tip differ.