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Mechanisms of synaptic and intrinsic modulation of granule cells in the rat olfactory bulb.

By Richard Todd Pressler Mitral cell activity during olfactory behavior varies with respect to spatial location in the olfactory bulb, and temporally evolves during olfaction (Kay and Laurent, 1999). The main inhibitory input onto mitral cells originates from granule cells, axonless interneurons in the olfactory bulb, which sculpt and pattern mitral cell output through dendrodendritic inhibitory synapses (Price and Powell, 1970b). This dendrodendritic microcircuit can mediate recurrent inhibition onto mitral cells (Jahr et al., 1980), as well as lateral inhibition between mitral cells (Isaacson and Strowbridge, 1998). Additionally, this microcircuit plays a large part in generating gamma-frequency oscillations in the olfactory bulb during olfactory behavior (Lagier et al., 2004). Little data exists on the modulatory inputs onto granule cells from other olfactory bulb interneurons and from brain regions outside of the olfactory bulb. Previous anatomical studies suggest that granule cells receive GABAergic inputs from other olfactory bulb interneurons (Price and Powell, 1970b). Additionally, granule cells receive significant cholinergic input from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (Price, 1969).