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Physiological studies with somatocrinin, a growth hormone-releasing factor.

Our knowledge of how hormones affect normal growth and development has derived from observing the pathophysiological effects of hormonal deficiency or excess in clinical and experimental studies. These observations have led to the identification of numerous hormones that exert significant effects on somatic growth, including growth hormone (GH), insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, and androgens. As implied by its name, GH is the fun­ damental factor regulating growth. Moreover, it is of particular interest since it is the hormonal link between somatic development and its regulation by the central nervous system. GH release by the anterior pituitary is controlled by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors. The recognition (1) and characterization (2) of hypotha­ lamic growth hormone release-inhibiting factor, somatostatin, in 1973 ex­ tended our knowledge of the regulation of GH secretion. The structural elucida­ tion of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) was not accomplished until almost ten years later. In November 1982, Guillemin and associates (3) reported the isolation and characterization of a 44 amino acid peptide from a pancreatic tumor causing acromegaly with potent GH-releasing activity. These investigators also described two additional GH-releasing peptides consisting of