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Procedures for the detection of chemically induced aneuploidy: recommendations of a UK Environmental Mutagen Society working group.

The development of assays to detect numerical chromosome aberrations has not kept pace with that for assays used to detect other genotoxicity endpoints such as gene mutations and structural chromosome aberrations, even though the importance of aneuploidy in relation to heritable defects in germ cells and to carcinogenesis in somatic cells is acknowledged. Regulatory bodies at present have no formal requirements concerning aneuploidy detection and decisions are made on a case-by-case basis. The aim of this review is to indicate which assays are available for the detection of chemically induced aneuploidy and what aspects should be taken into account when testing for chemically induced aneuploidy using in vitro, in vivo somatic and in vivo germ cell assays without dictating exact protocols. Our recommendations concentrate on systems that, to date, have been most extensively used and we indicate where future developments may lie. It is important that the currently available and future tests for chemically induced aneuploidy should be adequately validated before being implemented into screening strategies or regulatory guidelines. This requirement has not yet been met and is confounded by the lack of a well defined reference database of animal and human chemical aneugens.