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Description of Live Poultry Markets in the U.S. and Factors Associated with Repeated Presence of H5/H7 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus

Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes H5 and H7 have been isolated from live poultry markets in the U.S. since 1994. A 2001 study of markets in NY and NJ found LPAIV H7N2 in 59.6% of markets from a one-time sampling of birds and environments. Factors associated with presence of LPAIV H7N2 included markets open 7 days per week, presence of rabbits, and cleaning and disinfecting less frequently than daily. Since that time it has been observed that some markets are repeatedly positive for H5/H7 while other markets are consistently negative. In 2005, the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) conducted a survey in 183 live poultry markets throughout the U.S. The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of live poultry markets in the U.S. and to identify potential risk factors for markets to be repeatedly positive for H5/H7, as these are the subtypes of concern for becoming highly pathogenic.