{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03760913364674278, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0167897918065816, 'mean_word_length': 5.286919831223629, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
21 Scales for Other Disorders

Psychotherapy Therapeutic alliance is central to the effect of all psychiatric treatment, but until recently, few systematic attempts have been made at measuring the alliance reliably. The California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales consist of one version for therapists (CALPAS-T) and one patient version (CALPAS-P). The patient version has 31 items (5-point Likert scale), and both versions measure five different theoretical dimensions of alliance based on factor analytic studies (429,492). In the U.S. an observer scale for use in psychotherapeutic research was developed: Patterns of Individual Change Scales (PICS). This scale has 13 subscales which, among others, include the items intimacy, self-esteem, and way of processing difficult experiences (cf. 9.4: Impact of Event Scale). The scale seems promising, but so far it is insufficiently validated to allow any definite conclusions. The Pre-morbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) is a 7-item scale for rating adjustment, intended for use primarily in studies of serious mental disorders (486,493). In research on cognitive therapy, the importance of selfreinforced negative and positive thoughts has become strongly emphasized, particularly in cases of depression. Examples of such a scale is the Frequency of Selj-Reinforcement Attitudes Questionnaire (FSRAQ) (494). The effect of psychotherapy will be rated with the help of symptoms and function scales as reported in previous chapters of this collection.