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The Forensic Pathology of Drowning and Pulmonary Overexpansion Injury

Drowning deaths are commonly seen in most forensic pathology practices. Experienced forensic pathologists perform autopsies and assign a cause and manner of death in such cases as a matter of routine. Deaths due to pulmonary overexpansion injury and subsequent air embolism are far less common and typically involve individuals who have been breathing compressed gas at depth, generally SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) divers. This review outlines the pathophysiological basis of these two forensic pulmonary issues and recommends an approach to performing and interpreting the results of a forensic autopsy when faced with such cases.