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Early predictors of male delinquency: a review.

A systematic review is presented of prediction studies on delinquency. The main aim is to identify etiological variables for delinquency that, in different studies and across different populations, show good predictive validity. To achieve this goal, a measure of predictive efficiency was chosen that could be applied to studies from the United States and from abroad. The principal predictors of delinquency were the parents' family management and techniques (supervision and discipline), the child's conduct problems, parental criminality, and the child's poor academic performance. Data are presented to show the earliest age of the child at which these predictors have been measured. Results of the prediction data are used to demonstrate utility functions in which false positive and false negative errors are minimized. Recommendations are put forward to improve prediction studies in criminality.