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Comparison of Neonates Receiving Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Tertiary and Non‐Tertiary Centres (Connect)

(DTI)) compared to controls, and associations with birthweight. Results: GM volume was reduced in VLBW within frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, bilateral caudate and right cingulate gyrus, and increased within frontal, temporal and occipital areas. VLBW demonstrated reduced GM perfusion bilaterally in limited temporal areas and hippocampi, left thalamus and right frontal orbital cortex. DTI showed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) in VLBW, within principal WM tracts. Within VLBW, GM volume and perfusion positively correlated with birthweight within cortical and subcortical regions. FA and AD demonstrated positive correlations with birthweight within numerous and varied principal white matter tracts. Conclusions: Birthweight shows an association with the state of the brain in early adulthood, suggesting that robust structural and functional brain differences exist in adults born with very low birthweight.