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Assessment of a passive microwave sensor for detecting land mines

Passive IR sensors have been demonstrated to be effective for detecting surface landmines. For shallow buried landmines, detection rates and false-alarms rates are poorer and highly dependent on environmental conditions such as time of day and cloud cover. An advantage touted by advocates of passive microwave sensors is that their performance does not depend on the time of day and the inherent soil-mine temperature differences. To assess the complementary detection potential of passive microwave sensors, data was collected on a Thomson-Thorne microwave sensor at a test site in England. This sensor was mounted on a scanning rack apparatus and operated at a frequency of 10 Ghz. The test included investigations of both antitank and antipersonnel miens at the surface and to depths of 2 inches. Analysis of the raw data shows that surface and buried targets produce signals that are significantly higher than background clutter. In this paper, we present a brief description of the passive-microwave detection apparatus and the data-collection exercises that were completed. Analysis of the raw sensor data is then presented with an emphasis on comparing signal strengths of mines with signals reflected from the soil in the absence of mines. Particular attention is paid to the effects of varied incident sensor angles, sensor polarizations, and system scan speeds on sensor performance. Signal-to-noise as well as signal-to-clutter ratios are calculated as a function of these different variables.