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Tracing ecosystem scale interactions of volatile organic compound (VOC) and CO2 emissions by position-specific and whole ecosystem isotope labelling

Ecosystem processes present a complex interplay between different components, such as vegetation, soil, and the rhizosphere. All these different components can emit (or even uptake) a plethora of volatile organic compound (BVOC) with highly dynamic response to environmental changes. However, processes controlling carbon allocation into primary and secondary metabolism such as VOC synthesis or respiratory CO 2 emission remain unclear. De novo synthesis of BVOC depends on the availability of carbon, as well as energy provided by primary metabolism. Thus, carbon allocation may compete between primary and secondary metabolism, which are linked via a number of interfaces including the central metabolite pyruvate. It is the main substrate fulling respiration, but also a substrate for a large array of secondary pathways leading to the biosynthesis of many volatile organic compounds, such as volatile isoprenoids, oxygenated VOCs. Within the European Research Council (ERC) Project VOCO we developed a novel technological basis to couple CO 2 fluxes with VOC emissions based on simultaneous real-time measurements of stable carbon isotope composition of branch, root, and soil respired CO 2 and VOC fluxes (Fasbender et al. 2018). Position specific 13 C-labeled pyruvate feeding experiments are used to trace partitioning within the metabolic branching points into VOCs versus CO 2 emissions, bridging scales from sub-molecular to whole-plant and ecosystem processes. Positional 13C-labelling will trace real-time sub-molecular carbon investment into VOCs and CO 2 , enabling mechanistic descriptions of the underlying biochemical pathways coupling anabolic and catabolic processes.