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Polarization coupling in ferroelectric multilayers

A thermodynamic model was developed to understand the role of charge compensation at the interlayer interfaces in compositionally graded monodomain ferroelectric multilayers. The polarization mismatch between the ferroelectric layers generates depoling fields with the polarization in each layer varying from its bulk uncoupled value as to adapt to the electrical boundary conditions. By treating the strength of the electrostatic field as a phenomenological parameter, it is shown that if there are localized charges to compensate for the polarization mismatch and relax the depolarization fields, ferroelectric layers behave independently of each other and exhibit a dielectric response that can be described as the sum of their corresponding intrinsic uncoupled dielectric properties. For perfectly insulating heterostructures with no localized charges, the depolarization field is minimized by lowering the polarization difference between layers, yielding a ferroelectric multilayer that behaves as if it were a single ferroelectric material. There exists an optimum value of coupling strength at which average polarization of the multilayer is maximized. Furthermore, ferroelectric multilayers may display a colossal dielectric response dependant upon the interlayer electrostatic interactions.