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In the RELMα realm

Innate Immunity
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) are critical to many different immune responses. Krljanac et al. developed a tool to track and characterize AAMs based on expression of the immunomodulatory protein resistin-like molecule a (RELMα). They generated RELMα reporter/deleter mice and observed that RELMα+ macrophages were enriched in white adipose tissue, gut, and peritoneum at steady state. Primary infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induced expansion of RELMα+ lung interstitial macrophages but not alveolar macrophages in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6–dependent manner. The presence of RELMα+ macrophages was required for protection from fatal primary infection and resistance against secondary infection. Thus, RELMα provides a marker of AAMs and plays a role in defense against helminth infection in the lung.

Sci. Immunol. 4 , eaau3814 (2019).