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Federal Executive Clemency in United States, 1789-1995: A Preliminary Report

This paper provides a preliminary report of a comprehensive data set on federal executive clemency under construction by the author. Individual data for the period 1789-1893 have been collected by the author from National Archives Microfilm set 1967. These data were combined with data compiled in the Annual Reports of the Attorney General (1894-1933). Finally, aggregate data from 1934 to 1995 were provided by the Office of the Pardon Attorney, U.S. Department of Department of Justice. The complete set consists of over 27,000 acts of clemency from George Washington to Bill Clinton. This study thus constitutes the first attempt at mapping the course of clemency policy throughout our nation's history. In the course of presenting the individual data, attention is given to three factors which have been hypothesized to influence clemency policy: presidential character, administrative adjustment, and seasonal clemency.