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Clinical neurophysiology in epilepsy.

Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology of epilepsy have enhanced our ability to study the epileptogenic region and have improved the localization of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy. Computed spike analyses using electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalography superimposed on magnetic resonance images define precise relationships between mathematically derived spike sources and cortical anatomy. Studies of seizures recorded during long-term scalp and intracranial electroencephalogram monitoring using diverse methods are refining the techniques currently used for seizure analysis. Recent investigations analyzing interictal spike patterns seen during intraoperative electrocorticography attempt to establish the role of electrocorticography in the evaluation of patients with epilepsy. The impact of these new developments in the field of epilepsy as well as objectives for future investigations are reviewed.