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Preparation of Freestanding TiO2 Nanotube Arrays via Controlling the Anodizing Voltage

In order to assemble titania nanotubes arrays (TNTs) with better performance in solar cells application, hierarchical voltage-reduction was employed to reduce the thickness of barrier layer and acquire freestanding films simultaneously. Study of intratubular microenvironment and TiO2/Ti interface indicated that it might be H+ generated in anodizing process permeating into the Ti substrate that resulted in peeling off the whole tube layers. Our findings provide a promising way to fabricate freestanding TNTs membranes just by tailoring the applied voltage.