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Overview of chronic kidney disease in children.

There is a growing prevalence of chronic kidney disease world wide. This is in large part due to the fact that in most population’s world wide we are getting fatter due to excess caloric intake without a concomitant increase in energy expenditure resulting in an epidemic of obesity and diabetes. In addition our diets are high in sodium and low potassium resulting in a high prevalence of hypertension. According to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), over 10 percent of people over 20 years of age now have chronic kidney disease. Over 100,000 patients started dialysis last year in the United States making the total of patients on dialysis over 350,000. The expected mortality of an adult on dialysis is 20% at one year, 70% at five years and 90% by 10 years. The cost for end stage kidney disease is over 30 billion dollars in the United States, impacting not only the patients, but everyone who works and pays for health insurance and pays taxes.