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Electrical stimulation scheme optimization for retinal prosthesis: considerations from biological perspective

Effective and safe electrical stimulation of the retinal ganglion cells is at the heart of retinal prosthesis design. However, the effectiveness and safety demand of the electrical stimulation is often at odds against each other. Besides, the nerve fiber layer above retinal ganglion cells limits the spatial resolution of stimulation. Also, current retinal prosthesis still cannot selectively activate the ON or OFF visual pathways, thus cannot relay the correct luminance information to the brain. With decades of development, the stimulation protocol for retinal implants began to tackle these problems. We believe that a novel design of electrical stimulation scheme, combined with gene therapy technique, can improve the selectivity and spatial resolution of retinal implants and further lower the damage caused by electric stimulation.