{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02717900656044986, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010309278350515464, 'mean_word_length': 5.033898305084746, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Thyroid hormone and male gonadal function.

I. Introduction WHILE the effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism1 in female gonadal functions are well established (1, 2), controversy exists regarding the impact of thyroid diseases on male reproduction. This is due to various reasons: 1) the apparent clinical irrelevance of signs and symptoms related to male gonadal function, compared with the systemic effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism; 2) the paucity of well controlled clinical studies, due to the fact that thyroid diseases are more common in females than in males; and 3) the demonstration in the 1950s that the adult male gonad of experimental animals is metabolically unresponsive to thyroid hormone (3). Since then, the concept that the testis is unaffected by iodothyronines became widely accepted. For this reason, the potential of thyroid hormone in the modulation of male reproductive functions was not determined for several years. Indeed, in experimental studies on the effect of thyroid hormone in various tissues, the testis has been used as a negat...