{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0068694798822374874, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007850834151128557, 'mean_word_length': 5.181818181818182, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Absorption of MARSIS radar signals: Solar energetic particles and the daytime ionosphere

We present observations from the subsurface sounding mode of the MARSIS instrument onboard Mars Express that imply radar wave absorption because of increased amounts of ionization in the upper Martian atmosphere during the fall of 2005. On at least two occasions these radar disruptions lasted for several days and we find that these periods are correlated with periods when other instruments indicate elevated levels of solar energetic particles. Another disruption lasted for over a month and we find that it was likely caused by a combination of solar activity and observing through the daytime ionosphere. There is no evidence in the present results for the constant ionospheric layer predicted to be created by the normal infall of cosmic dust, although the effects of enhanced infall during meteor showers remains uncertain. The effects of dust activity also remain uncertain but will be tested during the 2007 dust season.