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Review: Therapeutic Relationships with Offenders: An Introduction to the Psychodynamics of Forensic Mental Health Nursing

A chapter is devoted to the death penalty and shows that black rapists received 90 per cent of death sentences between the 1930s and 1970s, often for raping white women. A number of theories that purport to have explanatory power with regard to the race and crime debate are also reviewed. The correlation between minority groups and lower socio-economic groups means that it is not always easy to see the distinction between a race and class analysis, and analysis of types of crime and victimization also shows few observable trends, beyond the prevalence of petty crime amongst all disadvantaged ethnic groups. The authors work hard to cover numerous relevant studies and provide an enormous amount of information. However, the accompanying analysis and comment is often limited and, at times, the reader will feel assailed by evidence that is making similar points. The style is not entirely justified by the fact that this is a broad brush text, but it does succeed in providing an effective introduction to the area. The authors reach a depressing and, given the current incumbent of the White House, perhaps overly-pessimistic conclusion that little has changed over the last two centuries. But it is difficult to dispute their contention that there has been a ‘failure of both research and policy to ameliorate the historical and socioeconomic conditions that have contributed to the nexus of race, crime and the administration of justice’ (p. 299). In short, the American story presented in this book is an ignominious one, demonstrating how the power of the justice system has been used to create and buttress psychological dominance and economic privilege for white settlers, and how the US justice system continues to be a powerful symbol of racial injustice that has rippled down through the ages.