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WICS: A Model of Educational Leadership

Academic Intelligence Academic intelligence refers to the coalescence of memory and analytical abilities to constitute the conventional notion of intelligence—the abilities needed to recall and recognize, and analyze, evaluate, and judge information. These abilities are typically measured by quintessential standardized tests. Research on the relationship between these abilities and leadership, which goes back as far as Stogdill (1948), produces ambiguous results. Though a modest correlation seems to exist between these abilities and leadership effectiveness (Stogdill 1948), the correlation is affected by the leader’s stress and other factors (Fiedler 2002; Fiedler and Link 1994). Intelligence seems to have a positive correlation with leadership effectiveness during low stress conditions, but a negative correlation when stress is high.