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CHILDREN IN NONPARENTAL CARE : FINDINGS FROM THE 2011-2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF CHILDREN ’ S HEALTH

Researchers examining child and family issues have long differentiated between children who live with two parents and children who live with a single parent, recognizing that children in single-parent families show lower levels of well-being across a variety of domains (Dunifon, 2009). However, programs serving children and youth frequently also interact with young people who live with neither of their parents, a population that has received significantly less attention. Noninstitutionalized children living apart from either parent most frequently are cared for by grandparents, either alone or in combination with other adults in a multigenerational household (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). Others are living with relatives other than grandparents, with foster parents, or with other nonrelatives. This issue brief analyzes data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health to describe children living in nonparental care. Within the population of children living with neither parent, subgroups are defined based on the caregiver(s) with whom the child resides. These include children living with grandparents only, children living with grandparents and other people, children living with foster parents, and children living with adults who are neither grandparents nor foster parents (these might include other adult relatives like aunts, uncles or siblings, or nonrelatives such as godparents or friends).