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Fluid Dynamics and Heating of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Simulated Blood Vessels

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be used to locally target therapies and offer the benefit of using an AC magnetic field to combine hyperthermia treatment with the triggered release of therapeutic agents. Here, we investigate localization of MNPs in a simulated environment to understand the relationship between magnetic field intensity and bulk fluid dynamics to determine MNP retention in a simulated blood vessel. As MNPs travel through blood vessels, a therapeutic agent can be released locally as the particles are slowed or trapped by application of an external magnetic field. Magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized and labeled with a fluorescent rhodamine tag to visualize flow patterns in a flow cell, as monitored by a fluorescence microscope. Particle retention was determined as a function of flow rate, concentration, and magnetic field strength. Understanding the relationship between magnetic field intensity, flow behavior and nanoparticle characteristics will aid in the development of therapeutic systems specifically targeted to diseased tissue. The project also explored the heat generating capabilities of cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles with respect to particle concentration and magnetic field strength; thereby, examining the particle properties relevant to localized hyperthermia treatment. Background The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2007 more than one million people were diagnosed with some form of cancer and more than half a million people died from cancer in the United States alone. While the cancer mortality has decreased somewhat since the 1950s due to better diagnostic techniques, a significant decrease has not been seen compared to other prevalent diseases such as heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases. Currently cancer is treated with radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or any combination of these. However, each of these generally causes severe side effects in patients. Another form of cancer treatment is hyperthermia, which is clinically described as heating cancerous tissue to temperatures greater than 42 o C.