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Ultraviolet Radiation Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Species from Northeastern Mexico

Light is the only key factor essential for plant growth, and ultraviolet (UV) rays, the harmful part of solar radiation, have the ability to decrease the metabolic rate in photosynthesis, causing deterioration in their growth. Accurate handling of the ultraviolet light that reaches the crops allows the improvement of different aspects of production, such as the shape and color of the plants, the precocity of the crops, and an improvement in the control of pests and diseases. The present study was carried out with the purpose of studying the responses in terms of germination and growth of four plant species—Glycine max, Triticum aestivum, Helianthus annuus, and Pinus maximartinezii—exposed to different doses of UV-C and UV-B radiation, for evaluation through the standard germination and accelerated aging tests, registering the germination rate (GR) and vigor (V), the number of normal seedlings (NS), and the average lengths of radicle (ALR) and plumule (ALP). Seeds treated with UV-C radiation showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments (doses) and species, both in the standard germination and accelerated aging tests for the ALR and ALP variables. Seeds of G. max showed low sensitivity in both tests, with the dose 43.20 kJ/m2/day. The seeds of H. annuus and P. maximartinezii showed high sensitivity in both tests under UV-C radiation, with the doses 8.64 kJ/m2/day and 0.864 kJ/m2/day, respectively. Both tests under UV-B radiation showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) between species and treatments in the variables NS and ALP, with the minimum dose (T2).