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Semi‐empirical relationships between effective mobility, charge, and molecular weight of pharmaceuticals by pressure‐assisted capillary electrophoresis: Applications in drug discovery

Relationships between effective mobility (meff), calculated charge (Zc), and molecular weight (MW) are semi‐empirically derived for pharmaceuticals using pressure‐assisted capillary electrophoresis (PACE). We determined the meff at 12 different pH points (2.0–11.4) of 66 pharmaceutical‐like compounds ranging in MW from 79 to 825 g/mol. Plots of the observed meff values versus Zc/MWx (where x is a fractional coefficient) gave linear relationships. For anions, it was found that the best correlation (R2 = 0.9666) exists when the fractional coefficient is equal to 0.4920, resulting in the equation meff = 0.1853 (Zc/MW 0.4920). For cations, the best linear relationship (R2 = 0.9861) gave the equation meff = 0.3888 (Zc/MW 0.6330). The meff, Zc/MWx relationships were then applied to: (i) developing a technique for selecting an appropriate pH to achieve optimal separation of pharmaceuticals and (ii) determining the maximum charge of a molecule in the pH range of determination of negative log of the dissociation constants (pKa) by PACE, thus enabling the correct choice of model equation to be automated without structure analysis.