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Organization of the Choice of Places for the Construction of New Defense Industries in Russia at the Beginning of the XX Century (on the Example of the Samara Detonator Plant)

The creation of the domestic military-industrial complex is one of the poorly studied pages of the military history of Russia. The history of the military industry formation and development in the pre-revolutionary period is the least covered. The authors of this publication reveal the issues of choosing a place for the construction of enterprises of the domestic defense industry by the example of Samara Detonator Plant. This company was established in the early twentieth century and produced products for the needs of the artillery department. It included the components of ammunition – tubes and fuses, i.e. the most technologically sophisticated means of initiating artillery shells. The profile archival funds of a number of federal, regional and departmental archives of Russia, as well as published legislative acts were used as a source base. Historical-genetic and systemic methods were used in the preparation of the publication. The authors have consistently studied the subject under consideration and identified the key features of choosing a place for the construction of the plant. The statistical method and the method of schematization were used as auxiliary research methods. In this article the authors investigate the working procedure of a special commission of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Military Ministry of the Russian Empire to select a site for the construction of a second Detonator plant in Samara. The main problems faced by this commission in the course of solving this problem are characterized. The proposals of Russian cities on the placement of a defense enterprise on their territory are analyzed and evaluated. Russian authors come to the conclusion that after the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905 the Russian army's need for ammunition and means of their initiation increased dramatically. It was this circumstance that prompted the selection of a place for the construction of a new enterprise. For this purpose, Samara was chosen as a city with a favourable geographical location, sufficient resources and workers. The sites examined, but rejected by the commission, subsequently served to accommodate new defense industries during the First World War of 1914-1917.