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Effects of pH shifts, bile salts, and glucose on sporulation of Clostridium perfringens NCTC 8798

The sporulation of Clostridium perfringens NCTC 8798 was studied after exposing vegetative cells to: pH values of 1.5 to 8.0 in fluid thioglycolate broth (for 2h) and then transferring them to Duncan-Strong (DS) sporulation medium; sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate (0.3 to 6.5 mM) in DS medium; or Rhia-Solberg medium with 0.4% (wt/wt) starch, glucose, or both added at 0 to 55 mM. At pH 1.5, no culturable heat-resistant spores were formed. For cells exposed to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0, increases in heat-resistant spores were not seen until after a lag of 12 to 13 h, whereas the lag was only 2 to 3 h for cells exposed to pH 7.0 or 8.0. Maximal spore crops were produced after only 6 to 8 h for cells exposed to pH 7 or 8, but 16 to 18 h was required for production of maximal spore crops by cells exposed to the lower-pH media. The addition of sodium cholate (3.5 to 6.5 mM) to DS medium only slightly reduced the culturable heat-resistant spore count from 1.9 X 10(7) to 3 X 10(6)/ml. The addition of 1.8 mM or more sodium deoxycholate reduced the culturable heat-resistant spore count to less than 10/ ml. When either starch or glucose alone was added to Rhia-Solberg medium there was no production of culturable heat-resistant spores, but a combination of 0.4% (wt/wt) starch and 4.4 mM glucose yielded 6 X 10(5) spores/ml. The spore production remained at this level for glucose concentrations of 6 to 22 mM, but then declined to about 3 X 10(3) spores per ml at higher concentrations.