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Quantification of host immunoglobulin in the hemolymph of ticks.

The inhibition of tick enzymes and neutralization of their hormones with specific antibodies have been suggested as methods for interfering with tick feeding and development (Roberts, 1968, Journal of Parasitology 54: 657-662; Galun, 1978, Control of livestock pests by interference in their development, Bogota, Colombia, UC/AID Pest Management and Relative Environmental Protection Progress Report; Allen and Humphreys, 1979, Nature 280: 491-493; Ackerman et al., 1980, Journal of Medical Entomology 17: 391-397; McGowan et al., 1980, Journal of Parasitology 66: 42-48). Antibodies of mammalian hosts, imbibed with a blood meal, have been demonstrated in the hemolymph of several soft and hard tick species. Human and rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) were found in the hemolymph of Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Ackerman et al., 1981, Journal of Parasitology 67: 737-740). Hemolysin antibodies were detected in the hemolymph of Ixodes ricinus (L.) following a blood meal on rabbits immunized with sheep red blood cells (Bossard and Rais, 1984, Experientia 40: 561-563). Bovine IgG specific for Theileria sergenti was found in the hemolymph of both Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) and Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Fujisaki et al., 1984, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 78:449-450). Specific (antiovalbumin) rabbit IgG was found in the hemolymph of 0. moubata following a blood meal on rabbits immunized with ovalbumin (Minoura et al., 1985, Experimental Parasitology 60: 355363). The hemolymph samples tested in the above studies were usually pooled from several ticks, and therefore provided no information about individual variation in the presence of IgG in the hemolymph. Furthermore, when hemolymph samples from individual ticks were assayed (Brossard and Rais, 1984, loc. cit.), only a small fraction contained hemolysin antibodies. Though the concentration of host antibodies in tick he-