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ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE IN RELATION TO SEX PHEROMONE GLAND EVERSION IN FEMALES OF THREE SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA

Abstract The posterior apophyses in terminal abdominal segments of female moths form part of the sex pheromone gland in each of three species examined (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Noctuidae), Orgyia leucosligma (J.E. Smith) (Lymantriidae)). Four groups of paired dorsolateral muscles are attached to the anterior or posterior apophysis and the integument. An additional group is attached to the anterior and posterior apophyses. The probable relationship of these muscles to the eversion, or protrusion, and inversion of sex pheromone glands is discussed.