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A Road not Taken — Friedrich Naumann's Attempt at a Modern German Nationalism

It is not surprising that the mention of the term ’German nationalism’ in any context whatsoever automatically triggers off a negative reaction. It is amazing, however, that this rule seems to apply also to historians who carried out research in German history long after the Second World War and despite their conflicting views about it. Most historians subscribe to the sweeping generalization that the development of German nationalism was merely negative (at least since Bismarck’s times), thereby disregarding significant exceptions to the rule. The intensive research of recent years on Wilhelmine Germany is not exempted from this negative attitude. It makes no difference whether German nationalism is shown as ’manipulated from above’ or as ’self-organized from below’, whether described by a German or a non-German