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Experience with transabdominal fine needle biopsy from chorionic villi in the first trimester: an alternative to amniocentesis

The aims of the present study were to assess the concentrations of the BM proteins in normal human second trimester amniotic fluid, to characterize these antigens and to elucidate the effects of chromosomal aberrations and other fetal disorders on these proteins. The material consisted of 21 normal and 41 pathological pregnancies, the latter being defined by an increased a-fetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid or chromosomal aberrations in the fetus or both of these. The radioimmunoassays for the 7-S collagen domain of human type IV collagen (Risteli et al. 1980) and the fragment P1 of human laminin (Risteli & Timpl 1981) followed established procedures. The average concentrations of laminin PI and 7-S collagen in normal amniotic fluid were in the range 10-77 pg/l (average 36 pg/l) and 7-152 pg/l (average 46 pg/l), respectively. The size of the BM proteins was estimated with gel filtration on a Sephacryl 5-300 column; both amniotic fluid antigens eluted in the void volume, indicating that they are probably the intact biosynthetic forms of these BM proteins. In pathological pregnancies, when amniotic fluid a-fetoprotein concentration was increased, high concentrations of the two BM proteins were also often found. In the whole series there was a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between the amniotic fluid contents of 7-S collagen and a-fetoprotein. However, the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, a possible hereditary defect of the basement membrane, formed an exception, as in this condition the elevated afetoprotein concentration was accompanied by normal levels of the BM proteins in amniotic fluid.