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Knots to secure airway devices

method of anaesthesia in carefully selected cases. The authors explore how hypnosis can prevent pain perception and surgical stress, and Pullman and Andrzejowski discuss in the accompanying editorial [2] how Facco et al.’s scientific approach might enable future research to be conducted. The authors note that inappropriate or negative communication can worsen pain perception, requiring higher compensatory doses of analgesic drugs, and plead for the re-introduction of professional subjectivity and behavioural competence in anaesthesia. Indirect and suggestive communication can also improve nonsurgical outcome. Autosuggestion can reduce medication side-effects, save money and physicians’ time, and improve healing for conditions less amenable to medication or other therapies [3]. Pain, for instance, is in part an emotional experience modulated by many psychological variables sensitive to different inhibitory systems, for which linguistic and behavioural manipulation could be effective methods of analgesia [4, 5]. Good training in communication skills is essential. For example, an emotional intelligence framework may improve effective interpersonal and communication competencies in all healthcare professionals [6, 7]. Medicine can address the bio-physiological features, but psychology can deepen and train the communication and language skills necessary to improve clinical procedures and outcomes for anaesthetists and other professionals involved in pain management [8].