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Pleiotrophin and Transgelin, Two Proteins Important in Cell Migration, Are Targeted by Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used drugs today. Chronic treatment with NSAIDs can result in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Microarray analysis of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC‐6) monolayers revealed that mRNA expression of transgelin (TAGLN), an actin binding protein of the calponin family, and pleiotrophin (PTN), a heparin binding protein involved in angiogenesis, are suppressed by NSAID‐treatment. qRT‐PCR and sequence analysis confirmed that PTN and TAGLN messages are down significantly in the presence of indomethacin and NS‐398, NSAIDs that inhibit IEC‐6 migration, but not SC‐560, an NSAID that does not inhibit migration. NSAIDs also suppress protein expression of TAGLN and PTN in IEC‐6 cells. Additionally, TAGLN mRNA expression is up‐regulated in migrating cells versus non‐migrating cells. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in protein expression of PTN from mucosa of NSAID‐treated equine stomach, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine. Our results indicate that expression of PTN and TAGLN are down‐regulated by NSAIDs. Thus, PTN and TAGLN may have an important role in cell migration, and NSAID‐induced suppression of PTN and TAGLN expression may account for at least a portion of the inhibition of cell migration caused by NSAIDs in IEC‐6 cells. Finally, reduced PTN may play a role in the clinical development of NSAID induce GI ulceration.