{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.00911854103343465, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.398058252427185, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of Joule Heating on the Temperature-Voltage Relationship in Copper

Joule heating problem occurs for every electrical/electronic phenomena wherein current flow causes increase in temperature of the device. It is considered to be a major source of inaccuracy in major devices. This research article focuses on the joule heating effect on a single resistor component miniature in size made up of copper. Using the heat transfer equation in solids simulation is performed wherein temperature distribution feature and electric potential distribution analysis were done and the measurement results thus obtained have found to coincide with the phenomenon.