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Collection and Evaluation of Coriander Varieties for Growth and Seed Purpose in UKP Command Area

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an important seed spice crop belongs to family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with a chromosome number of 2n=22. Mediterranean region is the centre of origin of this crop. Coriander is an annual herbaceous cross pollinated crop. Its name has been derived from Greek word “Koris” means bed-bug, because of unpleasant, fetid bug like odour of the green unripened fruits. Coriander ranks first among the seed spices with respect to export. It is the major ingredient of curry powder up to 40% by weight and also forms an important ingredient for several alcoholic beverages, particularly gin.


Introduction
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an important seed spice crop belongs to family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with a chromosome number of 2n=22. Mediterranean region is the centre of origin of this crop. Coriander is an annual herbaceous cross pollinated crop. Its name has been derived from Greek word "Koris" means bed-bug, because of unpleasant, fetid bug like odour of the green unripened fruits. Coriander ranks first among the seed spices with respect to export. It is the major ingredient of curry powder up to 40% by weight and also forms an important ingredient for several alcoholic beverages, particularly gin.
Seeds are also used as tonic, carminative, diuretic, stomachic and as an aphrodisiac. Oleoresin from coriander is used as a flavouring agent and as an ingredient in pharmaceutical formulation and in perfumery (Singh et al., 2006) [14]. Coriander fruits are an important spice of many countries of Europe, Northern Africa, West, Central and South Asia. In the Mediterranean region, coriander cultivation dates back to ancient Egypt; in Europe, coriander is known since the middle ages (Anonymous, 2012).

Materials and Methods
The experimental material for the present study comprised of 16 coriander varieties obtained from different institutions and these were tested for growth and yield attributes during November, 2018 to February, 2019 at Horticulture department, College of Agriculture Bheemarayanagudi, which is North-Eastern dry zone of Karnataka (Region II, Zone 2) located between 160 43,N and 760 51 E longitude at an elevation of 411.75 meters above MSL characterized by dry climate with an average annual rainfall of 774.1 mm. The experiment was laid out by adopting Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications and the treatments in each replication were allotted randomly. Farm Yard Manure at the rate of 20 tons per hectare along with full dose of phosphorus and potassium and half dose of nitrogen (60:40:20 kg NPK/ha) was applied and beds (2 m X 1.5 m) were leveled and shallow furrows were made. The crop was sown at November, 2nd 2018 at a spacing of 20 × 15 cm (shallow depth of 1-1.5cm) and seeds germinated in 7-10 days. Thinning was done at 30 days after sowing to maintain a spacing of 10 cm with in a row. Five randomly selected plants in each treatment in each replication were tagged for recording observations on plant characters and the mean values were subjected to statistical analysis. The following observations were recorded on plant height (cm), number of primary and secondary branches per plant, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of seeds per umbellet, days to maturity and seed yield kg per plot and seed yield per hectare. The list of varieties and suppliers/source are presented in Table 1.

Growth attributes
The entries under evaluation varied significantly with respect to growth and yield traits are presented in Table 2. At 30th DAS, variety Sadhana recorded maximum plant height (11.03 cm), followed by Sudha (10.89 cm) At 60th DAS the variety Gcr-2 was found to be the significantly tall variety (50.36 cm), followed by Sindhu (45.90 cm). At 90th DAS, the variety Gcr-2 recorded maximum plant height (53.60 cm), which was statistically at par with the variety Gcr-1 (52.96 cm).These differences in plant height among the varieties might be due to the genetic makeup of the plant and its expression to the growing soil and environmental conditions. The variation in plant growth of different coriander varieties were also observed by Kalidasu et al., (2008), Verma et al., (2014) in coriander, Meena et al., (2014) coriander, which conirms the results of present investigation.
The maximum (9.73) number of primary branches was recorded in variety Sudha, which was statistically at par with the variety Sindhu (9.07) whereas, the variety Gcr-2 produced less number of primary branches (6.51). There variety DWDC-1 recorded significantly highest (24.42) number of secondary branches. The significant difference in early stages of growth was observed, as during germination and growth initiation process, the varieties might not have expressed their genetic potential. The findings of Agasimani (2014) in coriander, Verma et al., (2014) in coriander, Meena et al., (2014) in coriander, supports the results of present findings. Swathi 7 Susthira 8 GDLC 1 9 DWD 10 Sudha 11 Co 1 12 Co 2  13 Gcr-1 14 Gcr-2 15 Rcr436 16 Local

Flowering attributes
The data in respect of flowering attributes are presented in Table 3 The similar variations among different coriander varieties have reported by Kalidasu et al., (2008) in sadhana varieties of coriander, Moniruzzaman et al., (2013) in coriander and Velayudham et al., (2006) supports the results of present findings.

Seed yield attributes
The data in respect of days to seed harvesting in coriander were significantly influenced by different varieties and are presented in Table  4. The observations with respect different seed yield attributes have been recorded among them the number of seeds per umbel was found to be highest (41.67) in the variety Sudha which was statistically at par with the variety Swathi (38.97). Seed yield per plant (6.21 g), seed yield per plot (546.48 g), seed yield per hectare (13.66 q/ha) and the test weight (10.23 g) was found to be significantly highest in DWDC-1 which was followed by the variety Sudha.
The yield is the result of interaction of the variety to a given agro climatic and management factors. The variations in yield among the coriander varieties were also reported by several workers Malik and Tehlan (2013) in coriander, Garid et al., (2015) in coriander and Meena et al., (2014) in coriander.
In conclusion, the evaluation of present study concludes that, the significant variations were observed in growth, yield and quality parameters of different varieties of coriander. The variety DWDC-1 showed significantly superior performance in respect of seed yield. Thus, it was concluded that, DWDC-1 is well suited for UKP command area of North-Eastern dry zone of Karnataka (Region II, Zone 2).