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Evaluation of Pattern of Immunostaining for Immunoglobulins and Complement Factors in Placentas with Chronic Villitis of Unknown Etiology: A Pilot Study

tising enterocolitis (NEC) ≥ stage 2 and mortality following probiotic use in preterm infants. Questions remain regarding which probiotic(s) to use and risk of probiotic sepsis. Methods: We compared ANZNN database outcomes before (Pre group 2007-2010) and after (Post group 2013-2015) use of probiotics in NZ level 3 nurseries for preterm infants <1500 g or <32 weeks. At 5 of the 6 units, clinicians reviewed cases of NEC to ensure they met inclusion criteria. 4 units used Infloran (Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and 1 unit used Lactobacillus GG (LGG) and lactoferrin (LF). The 6th NZ unit was not included. Results: Over 4000 infants met inclusion criteria and the Pre and Post groups were well balanced with regard to gestation, birth weight, gender and antenatal steroid use. The incidence of NEC in the Pre group was 2.7% and 1.6% in the Post group (OR 0.61 CI 0.38-0.97). There was one case of probiotic sepsis. There was no significant difference between Infloran and LGG/LF in regard to the reduction in NEC rates. Late onset sepsis rates were significantly lower in the Post group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Introduction of probiotics for preterm infants in NZ has been associated with significant reductions in NEC and late onset sepsis.