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The Beginnings of Brazilian Anthropology: Jesuits and Tupinamba Cannibalism

Jesuit missionaries who lived and worked among the Tupian-speaking Indians of sixteenth-century coastal Brazil have provided valuable information on the customs and practices of these Indians. The contributions to Brazilian ethnography of such Jesuits as Nóbrega, Anchieta, Cardim, Soares, and others is illustrated by translations from their writings, most of which are unavailable in English. In particular, William Arens's thesis that Brazilian Indians really did not practice cannibalism as reported by French and German sources is reexamined. The Jesuit sources strongly support the argument that anthropophagy was an integral part of Tupian cultural practice.