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Action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on mammotrophs and thyrotrophs.

Anterior pituitary cells from 15-day female rats were separated by unit gravity sedimentation into four populations (designated regions I-IV) based on the profile of cell distribution and the resulting content of radioimmunoassayable (RIA) hormones. The cells in regions II and IV released thyrotropin (TSH) in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 5 ng/ml); however, those in region IV released only approximately 5% of their RIA content, whereas those in region II released approximately 26% in response to the same stimulus. Concomitant elevation of cAMP and of cGMP occurred in region II cells but only cGMP was elevated in region IV cells. Mammotrophs were localized in region III. They responded to TRH by releasing prolactin (PRL) and exhibiting increased cAMP content. These data provide support for the existence of two functionally distinct populations of thyrotrophs in 15-day-old female rats. The data also imply that cAMP is involved in TRH induced PRL release, whereas cGMP is involved in TRH-induced TSH release.