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Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A activate hepatitis B virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B were tested for the presence of free monomeric hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA migrating as a single 3.2 Kb band by Southern blot analysis. The PBMC were cultured for 7 days in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (ConA) both of which yielded a proliferative response. By contrast, both bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 2 (IL2) failed to do so. Dot blot assays were used to monitor HBV DNA level increase within PBMC. Following mitogen exposure HBV DNA levels increased above pre‐stimulation levels in 19/25 PHA cultures, 6/15 ConA cultures, 1/15 LPS cultures, and 1/15 IL2 cultures.