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The Thermodynamic Model of Stepwise Hydration of Hydrophilic Solutes in Aqueous Solutions

The thermodynamics of the hydration of a solute, which so far has mainly been discussed with respect to the concentration dependence of the osmotic coefficient and the standard values of the solute, has been extended to the first and second derivatives of the Gibbs free energy. The calculations can be done without specifying the hydration constants. Amongst the results obtained it is especially the relaxational contributions to the second derivatives which clarify some long-standing questions.