{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03102189781021898, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005474452554744526, 'mean_word_length': 5.614457831325301, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Teachers’ language policy engagement: European perspectives and challenges

Abstract The articles in this issue of Language and Education highlight three important areas of research that inspire empirical investigation and theoretical debate in the field of language policy and planning (LPP): (1) the tension between power and agency, (2) the multi-layered nature of policy-making, and (3) researcher positionality. This discussion focuses on how these three issues are related to each other and the contributions proffered by the articles herein.