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Possible mechanisms for radiation disturbance of transcription.

SummaryA method for quantitative analysis of histone-DNA interaction in polyacrylamide gel has been developed. It has been shown that γ-irradiated DNA binds a smaller amount of all histone fractions than does native DNA, but more than is found in chromatin isolated from the cells of higher organisms. Thus, dissociation of histone from chromatin is probably not a primary radiation effect. The solubility of complexes of total histones and of histone fractions F1, F2a, F2b, F3 with irradiated DNA has been found to be greater than that of histone-native-DNA complexes; also, the complex with irradiated DNA becomes more soluble in the presence of excess histones. Histones produce a weaker inhibitory effect on the template activity of irradiated DNA than of native DNA for RNA polymerase. The template activity of chromatin rises after small doses of γ-radiation (up to 5 krads) and then falls at higher doses. On the basis of these data, a theory for the effects of radiation on the transcription process is proposed.