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Commentary on 'resveratrol commonly displays hormesis: occurrence and biomedical significance' by Calabrese et al.

During the last years, resveratrol has been the focus of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies investigating its biological attributes, which include mostly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, immunomodulation and chemoprevention. Nevertheless, depending on the concentration of the phytoalexin and the cell type, resveratrol commonly may act in a hormetic fashion, displaying biphasic dose responses mainly in tumor cell lines and in animal models of heart attacks and gastric ulcers. In relation to digestive disorders, there are contradictory results. Several studies including ours, have identified resveratrol as a beneficial agent at different doses (5 and 10 mg/kg), without detecting any biphasic dose responses. Anyway, it is possible that the opposing results of the mentioned studies could be due to variations in conditions of administration, protocols and methods of assessment. In addition, concerning toxicity, resveratrol seems to be well tolerated although a lot of questions remain unanswered. For example, the disparity between bioavailability and efficacy is a topic that merits investigation. Besides, more long-term toxicity studies and extensive randomized, placebo-controlled doubleblind clinical trials will be needed to fully evaluate the benefit-risk profile of resveratrol, its potential in terms of optimal dose, route of administration, disease targets and possible interactions with other drugs.