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On the Horizon: Picture Perception and Gibson’s Concept of Information

Gibson claimed that the perception of spatial relationships does not depend upon the inherently ambiguous depth cues of traditional theory but that more global informational structures exist in the light surrounding a moving perceiver. This paper examines Gibson’s further suggestion that such informational structures can be ‘frozen’ upon the surface of a picture to be directly detected by the viewer. Sedgwick has proposed that the horizon may provide the basis for important informational structures, and a new experiment is described which indicates that the horizon is indeed an effective source of information in pictures. We were, however, prompted to reconsider Gibson’s claim that pictures contain information of a kind available in the optic array. Pictures are a rather special case for perception because they are not natural objects; they are meaningful because they are made to be so.