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Multi-Agent Simulation Analysis : Bay of Biscay Case Study

Multi-agent simulations are finding application in an increasing number of areas over a wide spectrum of disciplines. These types of simulations are often touted for their ability to represent complex situations through simple agents and their interactions. The emphasis on agent behavior mechanisms allows for insight into the mechanisms governing system behavior in a way not previously possible through traditional discrete event simulations. In recent years, the application of multi-agent systems to problems in the military has received a proportional amount of interest. However, the military analysis community is in its infancy with respect to multi-agent simulations, and the efforts thus far have involved relatively simple scenarios. As a result, these efforts have not been able to bring multi-agent simulations into the mainstream of the analysis community. Little work has concentrated on validating the applicability of multi-agent simulations to real-world combat scenarios. This paper presents a multi-agent simulation that recreates the allied search for U-Boats in the Bay of Biscay during World War II. The simulation results are compared to historical outcomes, as well as to those of comprehensive studies using a variety of OR techniques produced in the years following the war. Special emphasis is given to advantages and disadvantages the multi-agent architecture provides – including statistics collection, variance reduction, and output analysis.