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A Gradient-Based Approach for Power System Design Using Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Programs

-Digital simulation platforms, such as electromagnetic transient simulation programs, are instrumental in the analysis and design of modern power networks. Use of very accurate models for various network elements as well as efficient solution methods provides their users with a powerful means for studying the short-term transient behavior of a network with a great deal of accuracy; however, it also increases the computational intensity of these programs. Such intensities are severely amplified in design problems, where selection and tuning of the design parameters requires several successive simulations. The computational burden of simulation-based designs can be drastically reduced by interfacing nonlinear optimization algorithms with transient simulation programs. This paper extends the optimization-based approach by introducing a method for interfacing gradient-based optimization algorithms, i.e., the ones that need first order derivatives as well as objective function evaluations. The paper describes the method of interfacing, including the calculation of partial derivatives and determination of the step length parameter. The paper also discusses the inherent parallel nature of the proposed tool and proposes a method for exploiting this feature. Usefulness of the method is manifested through the example of an HVDC control system design using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program.