{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.031522468142186455, 'fraction_numerical': 0.014084507042253521, 'mean_word_length': 5.348936170212766, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Influences on the Life Cycle in Pharbitis Nil Choisy (Convolvulaceae) Induced by Low Temperature

Investigations of two different temperature regimes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil) revealed different patterns of development. Plants were grown at an optimal temperature of 27⚬C or at a suboptimal temperature of 15⚬C. Plants grown in the low-temperature regime underwent the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, but ovaries and ovules never developed into fruit and seeds. Length and biomass of high-temperature-grown vegetative organs surpassed that of low-temperature-grown organs, with one exception. Hypocotyls of plants grown at 15⚬C were slightly longer and heavier than hypocotyls from plants grown at 27⚬C. Ratios of vegetative organ/reproductive organ biomass of high-temperature- and low-temperature-grown plants were 1.7 and 19.3, respectively. Reproductive allocation in plants grown at 15⚬C, while representing a considerably smaller investment than in plants grown at 27⚬C, was entirely a result of flower production. Fruits and seeds did not develop at 15⚬C. All plants grown at 15⚬C were male sterile. Contrasting the cytoplasmic-dense pollen grains within anthers of high-temperature-grown plants, the coalescence of multiple vacuoles resulted eventually in empty grains in low-temperature-grown anthers. The lack of male gametes prevented fertilization, resulting in the inhibition of fruit and seed development.