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Role of periostin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Background: Like any other cancer, tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is closely connected to every step of its tumorigenesis. Periostin is a unique multifunctional extracellular matrix protein found to be overexpressed in various types of human cancers. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to critically analyze various studies in literature that have reported the expression of emerging novel tumor marker “PERIOSTIN” and to determine its role in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Articles on periostin in relation to OSCC were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and a thorough Google search was done. Hand search of Journals was also performed. Of nine potentially relevant articles, four were excluded on the grounds of exclusion criteria, and one was excluded being a review article. However, one article was included by internet search and hand search. Of the total of five relevant articles reviewed, the resulting data were collected and tabulated. Results: All the five studies reviewed demonstrated an upregulation of periostin in OSCC. Among the five, two studies showed a positive correlation of periostin with the invasive patterns of OSCC. Two of the studies correlated the expression of periostin with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Four of the five articles reviewed, showed a significant correlation of periostin expression with metastasis of OSCC. Conclusion: The inference drawn from this systematic review is that the periostin plays an important role in tumor progression including invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of OSCC raising the possibility that it could be used as a molecular target in the therapy of OSCC patients.