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DOES CARDIOPLEGIA PROVIDE CARDIAC PROTECTION BY INDUCING Nr‐E2 RELATED FACTOR‐2(Nrf2)

Open heart surgery is often an unavoidable procedure for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) can occur as a result of cardiopulmonary bypass. The multifaceted mechanisms of MIRI involve the generation of proinflammatory mediators and increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, ultimately impacting postoperative cardiac function and outcomes. Nf‐E2 related factor‐2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, is regarded as one of the most important regulators in antioxidant pathways. Nrf2 binds to and activates the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) in the promoters of many antioxidant and detoxification genes.