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Transient Fault Current Analysis of IIRESs Considering Controller Saturation

Fault characteristics analysis normally provides a theoretical foundation for the protection design. Although conventional fault analysis of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources (IIRESs) can characterize post-fault steady-state at the power frequency, it might not effectively present the fault transient. This can negatively affect the protection based on fault transient data within 20–30 ms after a grid fault. Thus, the fault transient of IIRESs needs to be fully investigated. Given this, the nonlinear effect of controller saturation is considered in this study. The domain of attraction (DOA) is first established to estimate the practical working state of the controller within the current loop. The transient fault current (TFC) analytical model is then proposed in accordance with the nonlinear control response of the controller under different working stages, which reveals a detailed transient transition of the fault current. Meanwhile, the proposed model is low-order and presents high applicability in different fault scenarios. Simulation results indicate that the TFC analytical accuracy obtained using the proposed method is improved by at most 50% relative to the accuracy reported in published studies. Field short-circuit test data are ultimately used to verify the performance of the proposed TFC analytical model.