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Queering Gendering: Trans Epistemologies and the Disruption and Production of Gender Accomplishment Practices

Beginning in the 1960s, scholars began to theorize gender as a contextually specific process rather than a universal category reflecting an essential pre-discursive sex. Two interrelated traditions developed: a discursive approach, which theorized gender as performative, and an interactionist approach, which investigated the interactional achievement of gender. For Judith Butler, “what we take to be an internal essence of gender is manufactured through a sustained set of acts, posited through the gendered stylization of the body.” 1 Gender is therefore performative: it is a series of effects produced through the repetition and citation of stylized acts, which are named via and thus produced through discourse; discourse also produces the defining limits of subjects.2 Candace West and Don Zimmerman theorized gender as a “routine, methodical,