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Chapter 1: Introduction


 Abstract
 
 This chapter provides an overview of the potential economic and social consequences of technological progress in general and automation and artificial intelligence (AI) in particular. First, we discuss the effects of technological progress in the past and analyze the extent to which historical insights can be a guide to the future in the age of automation. Then, we describe some of recent years’ path-breaking developments in automation and AI and the political, social, and economic challenges they present. Finally, we contemplate the extent to which humans can compete with robots and AI by racing against, or—as others have suggested—racing with the machine.
 
