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Characteristics of selected methods for the synthesis of nanometric zirconium oxide – critical review

Abstract High chemical stability, resistance to changes in the pH, pressure and temperature meant that zirconium oxide is widely used in many fields. It is used in water treatment and waste water treatment processes, as well as air purification. In this paper, selected methods of nano-zirconia synthesis in liquid phase were characterized. These methods include, among others, the microemulsion method. Based on literature data, the advantages and difficulties associated with the use of each method are presented, in order to answer the question of which method of nanometric zirconium oxide synthesis in the liquid phase is the most advantageous. The authors also pointed out some directions of development for the discussed methods, which relate to, among others, solvent change and the use of additives in the form of polymers.