{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016251354279523293, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.947368421052632, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Laser-Enhanced Ionization of Refractory Elements in a Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame

Laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) spectrometry using a water-cooled electrode immersed directly in a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame has been examined for the determination of refractory elements. LEI detection limits for refractory elements in aqueous solution are comparable to or better than detection limits obtained by flame atomic absorption, plasma emission, and atomic fluorescence techniques. Only graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry exhibits superior detectability for certain refractory elements in aqueous solution over LEI spectrometry using a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. The successful application of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame now extends the applicability of LEI spectrometry to include most of the elements in the periodic table which can be determined by other common atomic spectrochemical techniques.