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MODIFICATION OF LEACH PROTOCOL FOR IMPROVING THE STABILITY PERIOD AND LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

As we are moving towards smart homes and smart cities, the need for wireless sensors are increasing continuously. Most of the sensors are powered with batteries, which have limited amount of power. So, in a wireless sensor network, the main motive is to minimize the energy consumption and increase the lifetime of the network. Communication between the sensors and from sensors to sink is an energy consuming process. Here comes, the LEACH protocol, with the concept of clustering, that makes the network energy efficient and gives longer lifetime to the network. This LEACH protocol has many drawbacks. One among them is the uneven distribution of Cluster Heads in the network, in several rounds. This leads to higher consumption of energy by sensor nodes, which in turn reduces the stability period and also the overall lifetime of the network. This problem is solved to majority extent in this research by concept of dividing the sensor field into sub-regions and choosing cluster head from each sub-region. This modification reduces the uneven distribution of Cluster Heads to maximum extent. Modified protocol is simulated in MATLAB and its results show that, the stability period as well as overall lifetime is improved than existing basic LEACH protocol.