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Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of the isolated Uropathogens at a Teaching Hospital

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infection occurs in both male and female. Objective: This study was aimed to identify the uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Methodology: This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from January 2018 to December 2018. Result: A total of 1686 samples of urine were collected from suspected cases of urinary tract infections from Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital. Among them, 292 (17.32%) specimens showed significant bacterial growth. The most common uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli. Conclusion: In conclusion Gram negative bacteria is the commonest uropathogens isolated. [Journal of Science Foundation July 2019;17(2):42-45] [Reviewed: 3 June 2019; Accepted on: 15 June 2019; Published on: 1 July 2019]


Introduction
Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections different age groups and both sexes (Round and Puttulo 1991). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most common organisms for UTI encountered by clinician's in developing countries (Foxmen et al., 2000). It is very necessary to identify uropathogens and their sensitivity pattern as early as possible to avoid any long term complications, to reduce the risk of morbidity and proper treatment. Unrecognized urinary tract infection may progress to renal damage, hypertension and renal diseases (Adjei and Opoku 2004). Misdiagnosis, delay in diagnosis and treatment of UTI appears to cause renal scring and may produce end stage renal disease (New 1992).
In the community, women are more prone to develop urinary tract infection. It has been observed that about 20.0% of the women experienced a single episode of UTI during their lifetime and 3.0% of women had more than one episode of UTI per year (Gebre-Selassic 1998). Pregnancy also makes the more susceptible to the infections (Pastore et al., 1996). Catheter associate UTI is a treatment problem with about 10% of the patients developing bacteriuria (Tambyah Pand Maki 2000). This study was aimed to identify the uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.

Methodology
This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Dhaka National Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January, 2018 to December 2018. Urine samples were collected from patients who attended both in and out-door patient departments and also who were clinically tract infection. All urine samples were inoculated in blood agar and MacConkey's agar media. All plates were incubated at 37 0 C aerobically for 24 hours. After incubation, plates were checked for presence of suspected pathogens colony was counted by calibrated 100p method (Hoeprich 1960). All the microorganisms were identified by their colony morphology, staining character, pigment production and motility and other biochemical tests such as oxidase, TSI and MIU (Cheesbrough 2000). All bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method using Mueller Hinton agar media against different antimicrobial agents (Bour et al., 1966).

Discussion
Identification of the uro-pathogens and their sensitivity pattern is very important in trenting the cases of urinary tract infections. In symptomatic young women, colony count of ≥10 2 /ml plus pyuria of more 10 WBC/mm 3 or ≥10 5 /ml of urine without any regards to pyuria is considered significant in or well collected sample. In symptomatic men, colony count as low as ≥10 3 /ml of any pathogens micro-organism is consider of significant. The presence of infection in the urinary tract indicates UTI (Jonathan and Evan 2006

Conclusion
Urinary tract infection is a common disease occurring in both sexes and different age groups. The results of the present bacteria showed Gram negative bacteria were the commonest uropathogens isolated. The common uropathogens are E. coli follow. So, early identification of uropathogens and Knowledge of sensitivity pattern of bacterial strains will help to guide the physician in selecting the appropriate and judicious antibiotic and thereby help in the prevention of the development of resistance.