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Inverting the Image of Swift’s “Triumfeminate”

The study of Jonathan Swift's relationships with women and his opinions about womankind dates to his own life time, and the results are seldom flattering to Swift. In a recent evidence-rich essay on Swift and Stella and Vanessa, for instance, Louise Barnett concludes that Stella was "the perfect audience. Swift could imagine nothing higher for women." Most studies find that Swift was able to fashion, to use Barnett's words, "exactly the relationship he wanted."1 In a letter to Alexander Pope on 20 April 1731, three years after Stella's death in January 1728, Swift suggested that "talking females, who will go on, or stop at your commands" were as healthful a diversion as cards, fables, or bowls and recommended his "middling folks, whom one may govern as one pleases, and who will think it an honor and happiness to attend us, to talk or be silent, to laugh or look grave just as they are directed" (Williams, Correspondence 3:457-8). These "talking females" were his Irish women friends, Mary Barber, Laetitia Pilkington, Elizabeth Sican, and sometimes Constantia Grierson.2 Swift called them his "Triumfeminate"