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SPICE modeling for single photon avalanche diode

In this paper, a complete SPICE model for single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is presented, which can be implemented into the Spectre simulation environment in cadence to precisely simulate both static characteristic and the photon detection process. We show how to build the static current model including the forward region, the dynamic junction capacitance model, and the neutral zone resistor model. In addition, an avalanche pulse detection system is established to verify the validity of the SPICE model. The simulated avalanche pulse voltage waveforms show good consistency with the experimented ones.