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Experimental selenium restriction in healthy adult humans: changes in selenium metabolism studied with stable-isotope methodology.

Mechanisms responsible for selenium homeostasis were investigated in healthy adult men receiving diets adequate or low in Se (eight subjects per group). The appearance of a stable isotope of Se, 74Se, in plasma, urine, and feces was measured after oral administration of 74Se-selenite. One group received a restricted level of Se (18 +/- 1 micrograms/d) for 30 d, which resulted in a decrease in urinary, fecal, and plasma Se content compared with the group that consumed 119 +/- 1 micrograms/d. Low Se intake also resulted in decreased urinary 74Se excretion (27.2 +/- 1.4% vs 32.5 +/- 2.3% of the absorbed dose for the adequate intake), increased body retention of 74Se (74.8 +/- 3.1% vs 67.6 +/- 3.8% of the absorbed dose for the adequate group), and a contracted selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool (Se-EMP) (9782 micrograms for adequate Se and 6314 micrograms for the low-Se group; p less than or equal to 0.05). Measurement of Se-EMP may provide an additional and sensitive approach for assessing Se nutriture in human subjects.