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SPECIAL ISSUE ON TRIBOLOGY RESEARCH IN SCANDINAVIA

Historically, tribology has played an important role in all industry sectors in the Nordic countries. The Nordic countries include Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The region comprising of these countries is sometimes referred to as Scandinavia. This is not fully correct since Finland is normally not regarded as a part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Despite the fact that the Finnish language is very much different from the Scandinavian languages there have always been strong cultural bonds between the Nordic countries. Collaboration can be found in politics, education, environment, agriculture, art, industry, sports, and many other fields. The Nordic countries cover 1 320 000 km, a substantial portion of Europe. The population is 25 million, which means that there is a relatively low population density and transportation has always been a major concern. It is therefore not surprising that the transport-related industries manufacturing cars, trucks, ships, airplanes, and railway equipment have always occupied a pre-eminent position in this region. Because of the large forest area, there is a strong presence of industry related to pulp, paper, and forestry equipment. Steel making and mining are other strong fields in this region. The discovery of North Sea oil and gas fields led to rapid growth of the off-shore industry. In view of many big rivers in the region, power generation is another important activity with