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Specifying Sounding Frequency of a Voice Model during Live Interactive Saxophone Performance

In this research, a system is developed by which a parametric, physics-based synthesis model of the voice may be controlled by the sound of a saxophone played during real-time performance. Use of physical models in such musical contexts presents challenges due, in part, to the sometimes musically unintuitive (and nonlinear) nature of their physical synthesis parameters. In the voice model here for example, an increase in input pressure from the lungs might (intuitively) increase the amplitude of the produced sound, but (less intuitively and perhaps less desirably) also cause a shift in sounding frequency. Here, we thus address the problem of mapping the higher-level musical parameter of pitch to lower-level physical synthesis parameters, subglottal (lung) pressure and vocal fold resonant frequency. A table matches all combinations of pressure and vocal fold frequency values in their playable range to the corresponding fundamental frequency of the model’s produced sound. Curves fit to the table data ultimately yield expressions for either physical parameter as a function of both desired pitch and the other parameter in the pair. Effectiveness of this solution is explored by extracting frequency trajectories from live saxophone input and using them to control the pitch of the voice model.