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A Lifetime Extension Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

Prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is closely related to the energy hole problem where nodes close to the sink node consume more energy than the other nodes, due to their increased traffic load. For tackling the effects of the energy hole problem, a framework is proposed here consisting of two parts. In its first part, the sink node is selected in order to minimize the energy consumption of the most severely affected by the energy hole problem node. During the second part, a new algorithm proposed here is implemented and changes the path followed by traffic forwarded by nodes close to the sink node in order to achieve less energy consumption for the most energy consuming node of the network.