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A POPULATION GENETICAL STUDY OF THE AFRICAN MOSQUITO ANOPHELES MARSHALLII (THEOBALD)

Genetical studies of insects of medical importance are of increasing interest both to the students of evolutionary and applied biology. In the study of malaria transmission, for example, it has become apparent that effective control of the insect vector can best be achieved by the use of a program which is based on sound species studies, and consequent autecological analyses. This need for accurate identification of species resulted from the observation that malaria transmission was due, in many areas, to a small number of taxonomically definable groups. In Africa, in particular, the taxa "Anopheles gambiae" and "Anopheles funestus" were considered to be responsible for the great bulk of the transmission. However, it later became apparent that "Anopheles gambiae" is not a single species (Paterson, 1962, 1964), but a complex of cryptic species that by all available criteria seem closely related. These species, however, differed greatly in their preference to bite humans as opposed to cattle, their choice of larval habitats and a number of other biological characteristics. Once these cryptic species were delimited using the techniques of crossing experiments and larval salinity tests for example, the species were then the subject of further research designed to characterize them using polytene chromosome analysis (Coluzzi and Sabatini, 1967, 1968, 1969). Paterson's (1962, 1964) approach to the resolution of this problem was an evolutionary one and other mosquito species have since been analysed in