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Multimodality Monitoring for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Optimization in Comatose Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— Limited data exist to recommend specific cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) targets in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. We sought to determine the feasibility of brain multimodality monitoring for optimizing CPP and potentially reducing secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods— We retrospectively analyzed brain multimodality monitoring data targeted at perihematomal brain tissue in 18 comatose intracerebral hemorrhage patients (median monitoring, 164 hours). Physiological measures were averaged over 1-hour intervals corresponding to each microdialysis sample. Metabolic crisis was defined as a lactate/pyruvate ratio >40 with a brain glucose concentration <0.7 mmol/L. Brain tissue hypoxia (BTH) was defined as PbtO2 <15 mm Hg. Pressure reactivity index and oxygen reactivity index were calculated. Results— Median age was 59 years, median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 6, and median intracerebral hemorrhage volume was 37.5 mL. The risk of BTH, and to a lesser extent metabolic crisis, increased with lower CPP values. Multivariable analyses showed that CPP <80 mm Hg was associated with a greater risk of BTH (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.1; P=0.01) compared to CPP >100 mm Hg as a reference range. Six patients died (33%). Survivors had significantly higher CPP and PbtO2 and lower ICP values starting on postbleed day 4, whereas lactate/pyruvate ratio and pressure reactivity index values were persistently lower, indicating preservation of aerobic metabolism and pressure autoregulation. Conclusions— PbtO2 monitoring can be used to identify CPP targets for optimal brain tissue oxygenation. In patients who do not undergo multimodality monitoring, maintaining CPP >80 mm Hg may reduce the risk of BTH.