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Design and Ballistic Testing of Ti—6Al—4V Matrix Composites

Ti—6Al—4V matrix composites enhanced by alumina tubes filled with boron carbide, alumina rods, and alumina plate is termed high gradient composite because of the big density differences among Ti—6Al—4V, alumina, and boron carbide materials. This high gradient composite has been developed for a theoretical study to help determine the best configuration for armor protection. This is the first attempt where materials are prepared using a powder processing method with the specific goal to address the ballistic performance. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was first used to manufacture ballistic grade Ti—6Al—4V alloy and high gradient composites incorporating Al2O3 rods, plates, and tubes filled with B4C powders. Processing parameters were investigated and optimized based on materials properties. An important feature of powder-based materials is the lack of texture in comparison with traditional material. Several configurations of this high gradient composite were designed and tested by long rod penetration tests. High gradient composite materials demonstrated new damage patterning features during the long rod projectile penetration process. These features include projectile deflection, self-sealing of the hole, and forced shear localization in the direction of 45° to the impact line caused by fracture of Al2O3 tubes on the initial stage of penetration process. Powder filled voids and rods induced volume distributed, highly heterogeneous pattern of damage initiated by cavities and their interactions. The test results are shown and analyzed in depth in this paper. The results prove that the powder-based approach can be used for processing of materials suitable for ballistic applications.