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Spatial Distribution and Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Rural Dumpsite of North China

Soil samples from 6 sampling sites along 5 depths (0, 10, 20, 30, 40cm) were collected from an rural dumpsite in Hebei Province. The heavy metal (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) concentration were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry (ICP/AES) in order to study the spatial distribution and assess their risk by the geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index. It was found that the mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu were higher than the elemental background values in Hebei Province. The spatial distribution show that the longer stacking area had heavier heavy metal pollution in deeper soil due to long-term penetration of leachate and new stacking area had heavier pollution in surface soil. However, the geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index values show that most sites of the studied soils is in uncontaminated or low contaminated level. The potential ecological risk index values in the dumpsite were, in descending order, Cd > Cu > Pb > As > Cr > Zn, respectively, implying that Cd, Cu, Pb posed a higher hazard to human and ecosystem health. It was recommended that some measures were required to reduce heavy metal contents in soils caused by garbage dump.