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Signatures of chemical reactions in the morphology and fluctuations of giant vesicles

The behaviour of an amphiphilic membrane is determined by the physical and chemical properties of the molecules which form the bilayer and their interactions with the surrounding medium. Bulk or interfacial chemical reactions modify interaction parameters and/or affect directly the chemical composition of the membrane. We monitor the morphological response and the thermal fluctuations of giant lipid vesicles to chemical reactions in the external vesicle medium using phase-contrast microscopy. Observation of vesicle conformations as a function of time allows us to characterize the statics and dynamics of membrane response as well as the underlying chemical kinetics. As two examples, we present (a) a photochemical reaction of hexacyanoferrate which induces an increase in pH and (b) the enzymatic cleavage of phosphatidyl choline by the phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus.