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Localization of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide and its relationship to toxic damage in human fallopian tube mucosa

An experimental model using human fallopian tubes in organ culture was used to study the localization of purified gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS was visualized by light microscopy with immunoperoxidase staining. Immediately after addition to fallopian tube organ cultures, gonococcal LPS aggregated on the tips of cilia. By 1 to 2 h after exposure, LPS could be seen distributed throughout the cytoplasm of ciliated and nonciliated cells in structures resembling vesicles. By 12 h, there were sloughed, ciliated cells present in the fallopian tube lumen, which had positive LPS stain on their surfaces as well as in their cytoplasm. By 24 h, LPS was distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Control experiments with rabbit oviduct organ cultures showed that LPS failed to attach, enter, or damage mucosal cells. These studies illustrate the initial localization of LPS on human mucosal cells and its uptake into the cells, which are coincident with toxicity for ciliated epithelial cells.