{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02204928664072633, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 4.893129770992366, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Path Selection Technique Considering Time Difference of Arrival in Two-Hop Relay Systems

In this letter, the effect of the time difference of arrival (TDoA) on synchronous types or asynchronous types of OFDMA-based multi-hop relay (MR) systems is investigated. Signal-to-interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) for downlinks and uplinks are defined to measure the degree of interference due to TDoA in asymmetric MR systems. A path selection technique based on the SINR is then proposed to determine the optimal paths for the uplink and downlink independently. It is shown that asymmetric routing can improve the performance of OFDMA-based MR systems when the proposed technique is applied to the path selection of the uplink taking into account the effect of the TDoA.