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The effects of long‐term growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 exposure on the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic co‐morbidities in treated patients with acromegaly

Background  Acromegaly is characterized by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). This leads to an increased cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic morbidity resulting in excess mortality. There is controversy over which biomarker, GH or IGF‐1, better predicts this increased morbidity and mortality. The relationship between the cumulative exposure to GH and IGF‐1 with co‐morbidities in acromegaly has not previously been reported.