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The Other Side of Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Dialogue with Waldinger, Aldrich, Ward and Associates

I am engaged in a study of the garment industry in Los Angeles. A while ago I accompanied a team from the California Department of Labor on an investigation of aThai-owned garment contracting shop. The Department had heard that the shop owner had confiscated workers' passports and that they were living on the premises. It was essential that the business be taken by surprise so that they would not have time to cover up. A group of us stormed into the factory, where about 70 Thai men and women were bent over sewing machines. A number of them jumped up and ran outside when we arrived, perhaps fearing that we were the immigration authorities. The man in charge denied that he was the owner, claiming that the owner was out of town and could not be reached (this stymies law enforcement officials, who can only press charges against the legal owner). Garmentshops are required to register with the state in California, but, as is common, this one was not registered, and it was difficult to determine ownership. The Labor Department staff had called upon the services of a Thai policeman, who tried to interview some of the workers. I followed him around and received his interpretation ofwhat was going on. Workers were unwilling to be frank with him, but a supervisor was always nearby, so that was understandable. There was evidence that people were living on the premises. A loft was covered with mats, and personal effects, like shampoo and towels, were scattered around the edges. There was a shower rigged up in a very filthy, dark room. There were washing machines and piles of groceries. The policeman told me he thought that the workers had been brought to the United States by immigration contractors. They had probably put up