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New Geographies of Citizenship

This paper explores an emerging agenda of the geographies of citizenship. Citizenship studies has become an established multidisciplinary arena of academic study, and in part it has developed a number of themes that make use of a traditionally geographic vocabulary of space. At the same time geographers have engaged both explicitly and implicitly with notions of citizenship for nearly 20 years. However, the dialogue between geography and citizenship studies has not always had the volume of traffic it deserves. In this paper we map out some of the emerging agenda in the geographies of citizenship. Traditionally citizenship in geography has been addressed through the concept of space. The notion of “spaces of citizenship” has provided a useful framework for geographical engagement with the theory and practice of citizenship, particularly through exploration of the spatially differentiated nature of de facto citizenship as experienced by “othered” groups who are subjected to social and spatial marginalisation. However, geographers have recently extended the scope of geographical enquiries into citizenship. The paper explores three ways in which this process has taken place, is continuing in current work, and may shape the geographies of citizenship in the future. The first section looks at the expansion of the conceptual vocabulary used to analyse citizenship as geographers have sought to broaden the scope of the analytical tools that might be applied to the subject. Geographically inflected concepts such as scale, place and mobility have as much pertinence as space in understanding contemporary citizenship formations. Second, the paper looks at how space itself has been reconceptualised from an absolutist version to one which has theorised the relational and topological formation of place. Third, the paper examines geography’s methodological contribution to research on citizenship, emphasising how the discipline’s research agenda has led researchers to draw up on a wide range of qualitative and ethnographic techniques.