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Nd3+-Sensitized Upconversion Metal-Organic Frameworks for Mitochondria-Targeted Amplified Photodynamic Therapy.

Near-infrared (NIR) light triggered amplified photodynamic therapy (PDT) is highly desirable for tumor treatment. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a mitochondria-specific, 808 nm NIR light-activated PDT system based on the combination of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and upconversion photochemistry with organelle-targeted strategy. The system was synthesized through growth of porphyrinic MOF on Nd 3+ -sensitized upconversion nanoparticles to achieve Janus nanostructures with further asymmetric functionalization of the surface of MOF domain. Of note, the designed PDT nanoplatform allows for photosensitizing with 808 nm NIR light, which has minimized absorption of biological tissue and thus could effectively avoid the laser irradiation-induced overheating effect. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeted capability could amplify PDT efficacy through the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the initiation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This work not only presents the first 808 nm NIR light-activated MOFs for organelle-targeted PDT, but also sheds light on the hybrid engineering of MOFs to combat their current limitations for PDT.