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Theory of spin-charge separation and recombination in the t-J model.

A self-consistent theory of fluctuations is developed for the {ital t}-{ital J} model within the Schwinger-boson framework. It is shown that binding of spin and charge into physical electrons helps destroy long-range magnetic order and restore the Luttinger-Fermi surface. The bound states, which appear as poles in the electron Green's function near the top and bottom of the band, begin to break up into spin and charge on approaching the Fermi surface. For low to moderate hole densities, the quasiparticles do not have a pole character near the Fermi surface and the system is not a Fermi liquid. Implications for the cuprate superconductors are discussed.