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Proto-industrialization and world trade of textiles in Dutch Brabant, 1620-1820

Abstract During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there was extensive trade in proto-industrial woollen and linen textiles, produced in the low-wage countryside of Dutch Brabant, with world markets, mainly via Amsterdam. Thanks to the support from Amsterdam, the States General of the Dutch Republic facilitated this trade by lifting import duties for a number of towns and villages in Brabant. The proto-industrial production and trade made a substantial contribution to the Dutch economy. Counting the number of looms gives some idea of the production capability. Proto-industry in Brabant was not founded by entrepreneurs in Holland and was not a subsidiary of the textile industry in Holland, as has previously been suggested. Only a limited combination of agriculture and cottage industry was found. Local guilds did not hinder the proto-industry but supported it. Trade and production fell at the beginning of the nineteenth century because of war, but the linen industry recovered around 1818 and the woollen textiles after 1820.