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Maternal mortality in developing countries


 A commentary on the state of maternal mortality is developing countries is presented. Of the estimated half million maternal deaths worldwide yearly, 150,000 occur in Africa, 282,000 in Southern and South Eastern Asia, 26,000 in Western and East Asia, 34,000 in tropical South America, 1,000 in temperate South America, and 2,000 in Oceania. 494,000 maternal deaths occur in developing countries, with 6,000 in all developing countries. Maternal death rates are highest in developing countries due primarily to flaws in the social, economic, and political conditions of the countries involved, combined with a grossly inadequate quantity and quality of available health care services. Here, major causes of maternal death include abortion, anemia, eclampsia, infection, hemorrhage, and obstructed labor and its accompanying complications. Attempts at lowering maternal mortality should include health intervention policies on a global scale, utilizing the intervention of developing countries with their necessary financial and technological support. Universal formal education appears to be the most effective weapon against maternal death. This approach is an effort to modernize most developing societies. Still, a few obstacles remain. These include: discarding cherished traditional customs of health care in favor of modernized techniques, restricting existing health services, and providing faster and more efficient operative intervention procedures. Family planning is also stressed as an important initiative. The most contentious of all methods to lower maternal death rates is the retraining of illiterate traditional birth attendants (TBAs). Activities of TBAs should be viewed cautiously as results of the techniques - in areas such as the Sudan, Africa, and Asia, - have proven to be of little consequence in lowering maternal mortality. Attention to retraining TBAs should be replaced with sufficient training and proper utilization of midwives. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has undertaken pioneering efforts towards lowering global maternal mortality.
