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Haematological diseases with paraproteinemia in association with COVID-19

The novel SARS-CoV-2 corona virus is a risk factor for worse outcome in patients with haematological tumors. As haematological diseases with paraproteinemia affect a wide range of the population, we aimed to examine how COVID-19 infection affects disease outcome. We also aimed to present a few instructive case reports. We enrolled 24 patients to the study (newly diagnosed or undergoing therapy or directly after stem cell transplantation or prepared for future stem cell transplantation). We compared their paraprotein and free light chain concentrations, IL-6, procalcitonin, CRP and D-dimer results. For patients who were not hospitalized (42% of all examined patients) the median data were: age: 60 years, paraprotein: 1.05 g/L, lambda: 8.02 mg/L, kappa: 9.7 mg/L. For hospitalized patients (the remaining 58%): median age: 66 years, paraprotein: 4.9 g/L, lambda: 18.8 mg/L, kappa: 48.85 mg/L. 42% of the latter group were administered to intensive care (paraprotein: 4.65 g/L, lambda: 16.85 mg/L, kappa: 48.85 mg/L). 16% of all patients died because of a relapse or their disease transformed to leukaemia or they were directly after transplantation. Conclusion: The severity and outcome of COVID-19 is affected by a number of factors associated with paraproteinemia. Namely, the stage of the disease, whether the treatment had already been started or not, whether the patient is in remission or in a relapse or whether the patient needed any additional treatment or not.