{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015602836879432624, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.624413145539906, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Game Theoretic Approach to Extreme Fast Charging Location

Electric vehicles have become a trend as a replacement to gasoline-powered vehicles, and been promoted by worldwide policy makers as a solution to combat environmental problems and stimulate economy, whereas the lack of extreme fast charging infrastructure has become one main obstacle to broad adoption of electric vehicles. To promote the commercial success of electric vehicles, millions of extreme fast charging stations are expected to be established in the next decade in the U.S. However, the widespread of electric vehicles and extreme fast charging infrastructure would impact transportation systems, such as mobility, congestion, equity, toll revenue, and infrastructure maintenance needs. As transportation infrastructure can last for a long time, effective planning must be able to predict the impact of projects and policies decades into the future. Given the nature of transportation systems that is of multiple interacting systems, this study develops mathematical models to quantitatively analyze this complicated and important problem. In particular, we utilize game theory to understand the dependency between the choices made by travelers, and the congestion and delay in the system with respect to traffic assignment. Our research results provide insights and guidance to strategic planning of extreme fast charging infrastructure.