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Concise Review: The Immune Status of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Relevance for Therapeutic Application

Multipotentiality and anti‐inflammatory activity, the two main properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), underlie their therapeutic prospective. During the past decade, numerous studies in animal models and clinical trials explored the potential of MSCs in the treatment of diseases associated with tissue regeneration and inflammatory control. Other qualities of MSCs: ready accessibility in bone marrow and fat tissue and rapid expansion in culture make the therapeutic use of patients' own cells feasible. The prevailing belief that MSCs are nonimmunogenic encouraged the use of unrelated donor cells in immune‐competent recipients. The data emerging from studies performed with immune‐incompatible cells in animal models for a wide‐range of human diseases show, however, conflicting results and cast doubt on the immune privileged status of MSCs. Our analysis of the preclinical literature in this review is aimed to gain a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of immune‐incompatible MSCs. Emphasis was laid on applications for enhancement of tissue repair in the absence of immune‐suppressive therapy. Stem Cells 2014;32:603–608