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Thermal Behavior of Carrageenan: Kinetic and Characteristic Studies

The pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of carrageenan were evaluated and compared at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20°C min−1 under a nitrogen atmosphere. The activation energy, pre-exponential factors, and reaction orders were calculated. The results indicated that three stages occurred during pyrolysis: dehydration, primary devolatilization, and residual decomposition. The most probable mechanism was a three-dimensional diffusion model and can be described by the anti-Jander equation with a reaction order of 1. There were also kinetic compensation effects between the pre-exponential factors and the activation energy.