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Nitrate Contamination Potential in Arizona Groundwater: Implications for Drinking Water Wells

Introduction Nitrate is the most common pollutant in Arizona’s groundwater and is undetectable without testing because it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. The EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for nitratenitrogen1 in a public water supply is 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and is based on acute health effects, specifically the risk of methemoglobinemia (sometimes referred to as “blue baby syndrome”), in which blood lacks the ability to carry sufficient oxygen to the individual body cells. Acute health effects are those that result from ingestion of a contaminant over a short period of time. Domestic, private well owners are not required to monitor their drinking water quality and information July 2011 AZ1536