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SOME ENGLISH PROVERBS WITH THE CONCEPT SCIENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR UZBEK EQUIVALENTS

This paper is devoted to the analysis of semantic features of some English and Uzbek proverbs about science and knowledge. The equivalents of some proverbs in a target language are given for interpreting them in the other language to find out several important innovative ways of translation and contrasting their peculiarities in the English and Uzbek languages. The results and examples of this paper can help to distinguish some differences in the meanings of the English and Uzbek proverbs about science, knowledge and to learn linguocultural peculiarities of them.


Introduction
Language does not exist outside of culture as a "socially inherited set of practical skills and ideas that characterize our way of life" [1].Culture is always accompanied by certain concepts that help people of the same culture, and sometimes even of different cultures. Concepts are abstract units that reflect the content of acquired knowledge, experience, results of all human activities and the results of cognition of the surrounding world in the form of certain units.
Each ethnic group sees the world in its own way, through the prism of its culture, its perceptions of the world, therefore the picture of the world of each ethnic group is its special worldview vision, a holistic model of the world. Learning the linguistic picture of the world is impossible to present without studying proverbs and sayings.
According to the paremiologist Wolfgang Mieder 'A proverb is a short, generally known sentence of the folk which contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views in a metaphorical, fixed and memorizable form and which is handed down from generation to generation' [2] .
According to The New Oxford Dictionary a proverb is "a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or a piece of advice". a concise sentence, often metaphorical or alliterative in form, which is held to express some truth ascertained by Proverbs are often studied as a unit of paremiology. Paremiology (from Greek παροιμίαparoimía, "proverb") and can be dated back as far as Aristotle. Different scholars classify the proverbs of the English language differently.
According to distribution degree, the proverbs can be classified in the following way: Universal proverbson comparing proverbs of culturally unrelated parts of the world, one finds several ones having not only the same basic idea but the form of expression, i.e. the wording is also identical or very similar. These are mainly simple expression of simple observations became proverbs in every language.
Regional proverbsin culturally related regions on the pattern of loan-wordsmany loan-proverbs appear besides the indigenous ones. A considerable part of them can be traced back to the classical literature of the region's past, in Europe the Greco-Roman classics, and in the Far East to the Sanskrit and Korean classics.
Local Proverbsin a cultural region often internal differences appear, the classics (e.g. the Bible or the Confucian Analects) are not equally regarded as a source of proverbs in every language. Geographical vicinity gives also rise to another set of common local proverbs. These considerations are illustrated in several European and Far-Eastern languages, as English and Korean .
Proverbs are often borrowed across lines of language, religion, and even time. For example, a proverb of the approximate form "No flies enter a mouth that is shut" is currently found in Spain, Ethiopia, and many countries in between. It is embraced as a true local proverb in many places and should not be excluded in any collection of proverbs because it is shared by the neighbors.
Proverbs are used by speakers for a variety of purposes. Sometimes they are used as a way of saying something gently, in a veiled way. Other times, they are used to carry more weight in a discussion; a weak person is able to enlist the tradition of the ancestors to support his position, or even to argue a legal case.
Proverbs can also be used to simply make a conversation/discussion more lively. In many parts of the world, the use of proverbs is a mark of being a good orator.
The study of proverbs has application in a number of fields. Clearly, those who study folklore and literature are interested in them, but scholars from a variety of fields have found ways to profitably incorporate the study proverbs. For example, they have been used to study abstract reasoning of children, acculturation of immigrants, intelligence, the differing mental processes in mental illness, cultural themes, etc. Proverbs have also been incorporated into the strategies of social workers, teachers, preachers, and even politicians.
Proverbs are used in conversation by adults more than children, partially because adults have learned more proverbs than children. Also, using proverbs well is a skill that is developed over years. Proverbs, because they are indirect, allow a speaker to disagree or give advice in a way that may be less offensive. Studying actual proverb use in conversation, however, is difficult since the researcher must wait for proverbs to happen. More homely, than aphorisms, proverbs generally refer to common experience and are often expressed in metaphor, alliteration, or rhyme, e.g., "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush", "When the cat's away, the mice will play".
Paremiology is at the intersection of phraseology and folklore, which makes the study of proverbs and sayings very significant from the perspective of the modern linguocultural approach. The paremiological foundation of language is an important source of interpretation [7] .
The novelty of the article is a comparative analysis of the concept of " Science and Knowledge " in two linguistic pictures of the world: Uzbek and English. The paper presented theoretical analysis of the English and Uzbek paremias.
The concept of "Science and Knowledge " are abstract notion which is valuable in a human life that take place in the row of social concepts as "education", "knowledge ", "teaching", "book", "wealth" and "reading". Translating proverbs wordby-word is not sufficient way to express the meaning of proverbs in the other languages because of cultures that exists in its content in a target language. It may cause to misunderstand the basic meaning of a proverb.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Concepts as cultural units embodied in the keywords of a language, can exist in different ways. ".... The concept actually exists for everyone using this language (the language of this culture) as a means of understanding and communication " [4]. Concepts are perceived differently and become real for representatives of a given culture. Based on this, we can say that in order to obtain information hidden in a unit of language, it is necessary to use several different methods. A concept is not only an abstract, generalized, possibly even mysterious phenomenon but it is also is a way of representing the surrounding reality in the minds of people, which carries important cultural information, hiding its true meaning in a unit of language. Therefore linguistic materials are analyzed using descriptive, linguocultural methods, a dictionary definition analysis method, and also using the comparative method. To represent the concept of "science and knowledge" in the paremiological fund of the Uzbek language, were taken from the collection "O`zbek xalq maqollari" (The proverbs of Uzbek people) . For English proverbs "The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs" was used.

Research Methodology
Therefore, the method of finding equivalents of proverbs in English and Uzbek is used to investigate peculiarities of proverbs about " Science and Knowledge " in these languages. Now we compare proverbs the concept of science in English and Uzbek languages and try to find appropriate equivalents, of proverbs in two languages.
English: It is never too late to learn.
Uzbek: Илм олишни эрта кечи йўқ You can always learn something new. It doesn't matter you are young or not. Grandma decided to take a course in using computers. "It's never too late to learn," she said. Although the meanings are the same between English and Uzbek proverbs.
English: Кnowledge is power.
Uzbek: Билим -кучдир. The proverb, knowledge is power, is used to describe the fact that, the more you know, the better off you will be. Especially when you are working with someone who is uncooperative, the more you know about how to persuade other people, to gain an edge on them, and to convince them to work with you.
English: A little learning is a dangerous thing.
The proverb expresses the idea that a small amount of knowledge can mislead people into thinking that they are more expert than they really are, which can lead to mistakes being made. A small amount of knowledge can mislead people into thinking that they are more expert than they really are.
English: To be without knowledge is to be without light.
Uzbek: Билимсиз одам мевасиз дарахтдир. It means humans need knowledge ,wisdom , be wise, sensible, intelligent, clever, and take knowledge. Who has no knowledge -like sterile trees English: Art is long,life is short.
This proverb is frequently misunderstood. It does not mean: 'Human life is short, but art goes on forever.' Its real meaning is: 'There is so much art to learn and so little time to learn it in.' Art is not used in the popular sense of painting, sculpture, etc. In the original saying of Hippocrates, the Greek surgeon, it referred to the art of healing: 'Life is short, the art long, opportunity fleeting …' Art is skill, craft. Chaucer wrote: 'The life is short, the craft so long to learn.' Sir John Davies wrote English: Knowledge is better than riches Uzbek: Билим бойликдан афзалдир Knowledge can give you many things including riches, it offers the tools, abilities and skills to survive, grow and thrive; whereas riches may come and go but they can not buy knowledge or the skills that partner it.
English: You cannot lock up science in one head.
It means humans have to study, learn, be wise, sensible, intelligent, clever, and take knowledge. But you can not learn everything in one day or in a month. Threre is no ending science, and it takes a long time to lock up science.
English: If you want knowledge, you must toil for it .
There are things you should never give up on like your convictions and ambitions but most importantly. You should never give up on you. Keep making those sacrifices, keep running that race, keep advancing beyond your struggles to your eventual goal. You will deeply value your triumphs, if they're not handed to you. Nothing, absolutely nothing, is worth having or attaining without labor and toil. So when you"re in your darkest hour and the road seems endless, no matter what, never ever give up on you.
English: Science is future,wealth is past.
Uzbek: Илм хоким -мол махкум. It means humans have to study, learn, be wise, sensible, intelligent, clever, and take knowledge. The human must not think about riches. One needn't be richwithout knowledge, nobody will respect you, all will smile on you. You must study, take knowledge and intelligence; knowledge itself brings riches.
English: An Investment in knowledge pays the best interest.
When Benjamin Franklin said, "An investment in knowledge pays the best interest," he didn't just mean you should hoard it and do nothing with it. You have to use it. Otherwise what good is it? Get smarter everyday. Expand your knowledge and wisdom everyday. Don't forget to use the new things you learn though. A perfect plan is no good if no one executes it.
English: Science is better than riches.
Uzbek: Илм бойликдан афзалдир. Science can give you many things including riches, it offers the tools, abilities and skills to survive, grow and thrive; whereas riches may come and go but they can not buy knowledge or the skills that partner it.

English: Search knowledge though it be in China.
Uzbek: Билим истаб чинга бор.
There are things you should never give up on like your convictions and ambitions but most importantly .You should never give up on you. Keep making those sacrifices, keep running that race, keep advancing beyond your struggles to your eventual goal. You will deeply value your triumphs, if they're not handed to you. Nothing, absolutely nothing, is worth having or attaining without labor and toil. So when you're in your darkest hour and the road seems endless, no matter what, never ever give up on you.
English: Live and learn.
Uzbek May C12 Live and learn. That has become something of a mantra for mutual fund investors .It means search science from your birth to the grave .Learn ,be educated , be wise because The wiser you are, the better decisions you'll make. The smarter you are, the more things you can be successful at. Make it a point to always keep improving yourself each day by learning new things.
English: Don't take gold, take knowledge; knowledge is gold.
Uzbek: Олтин олма, билим ол, билим олсанг,билиб ол . 1 It means humans have to study, learn, be wise, sensible, intelligent, clever, and take knowledge. The human must not think about riches. One needn't be rich without knowledge, nobody will respect you, all will smile on you. You must study, take knowledge and intelligence; knowledge itself brings riches. This ancient proverb Alisher Navoi said "A language is a gem of which we cannot express value." English: Experience is the mother of science.
The proverb above says that experiencing in any field by indulging the same repeatedly without hesitation and negligence is the key guidance to invent something in the field concerned to give long lasting benefit as experience enhances one to overcome. All the developments in this world have been brought about scientists who toiled hard day and night. Thomas Alva Edison is one of the greatest inventors in the world. He has invented a lot of objects like filament bulb, cinematography and Gramophone disc.
He used to work day and night in his lab and he used to do the experiments several times until he made his invention perfect.
Similarly while making filament light bulb he tried more than thousand times and found a perfect way to make it. So the experience and practicing them repeatedly, one can acquire knowledge which leads one to create things of wonder. Repeatedly doing the same provides one the deep knowledge to analyze the pros and cons and do's and don'ts. Mere reading hooks and hearing information will not make a man great, but by practicing them the can learn something which text book reading has not given him.
English: Knowing many languages allows one to have many keys to open doors.
Uzbek: Тил билган эл билади. It means that a man knowing a foreign language is allowed to have many more possibilities to win somebody's confidence and friendship.
English: Science is the process that takes us from confusion to understanding.
Science is a way of life. Science is a perspective. Science is the process that takes us from confusion to understanding in a manner that's precise, predictive and reliable transformation, for those lucky enough to experience it, that is empowering and emotional.
English: Live and learn.
Uzbek You can always learn something new. It doesn"t matter you are young or not. Grandma decided to take a course in using computers. "It's never too late to learn," she said. Although the meanings are the same between English and Uzbek proverbs.
English: A Little knowledge is a dangerous thing -билаги зўр бирни йиқар.
Uzbek: Билими зўр-мингни йиқар . If you say this proverb to someone, it means that you believe someone knows just enough to potentially be dangerous, but not enough that the danger they post is acceptable. This often can be said of cases where acting with only incomplete information is likely to create chaos or danger. For example, if a business executive sees that another company is advertising their products to children, and he wants his own company to do the same thing, he may be on the verge of doing a very dangerous thing. You should always be educating yourself through books, biographies, articles, audios, experience, etc. Your education should be a work in progress until the day you die. The investment you make in yourself will always pay off in the end. The wiser you are, the better decisions you'll make. The smarter you are, the more things you can be successful at. Make it a point to always keep improving yourself each day by learning new things.

Analysis and results
As a result of the analysis of Uzbek and English paremias expressing science and knowledge , it was found that the languages mentioned have both general and specific ways of expressing the worldview of the people. Despite the fact that paremias of science and knowledge in each language differ in the degree of emotional fullness, in the number of lexical realizations presented, they nevertheless serve as an example of what moral and ethical ideals a person should adhere to maintain a reverent. it can be said that proverbs give insight into culture and customs of a nation and love has different image/characteristics in English and Uzbek but at the same time they have a lot of common characteristics.
Summing up, we can say that both English and Uzbek languages are rich in proverbs, the Uzbek proverbs contain more numerals than English ones.