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Detection of Borrelia in Ixodes scapularis ticks by silver stain, immunohistochemical and direct immunofluorescent methods

Lyme disease (LD) is one of the most common tick‐borne diseases caused by several Borrelia species of spirochetes. Ixodes scapularis is responsible for the transmission of LD in the northeastern United States. The rate of infection varies with the duration of tick attachment to the host; however, this information may be unknown. In skin biopsies, it is often difficult to identify spirochetes. Testing of ticks is not routinely performed. Treatment is established by clinical presentation.