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Framework for Live-streaming Adaptive to Selfish Behaviour

Applications like radio or video broadcast in the Internet require the real-time dissemination of multimedia content to many users, a task known as live-streaming. The protocols that support need to be highly scalable in order to serve very large numbers of users. To reduce the costs and avoid bottlenecks at the provider, live-streaming can be implemented with the cooperation of the end-users, that may voluntarily offer some of their computing and networking resources to help in the dissemination process. Unfortunately, not all volunteers are altruistic, and some nodes may have incentives to violate the protocol to increase their own benefit (for instance, by avoiding forwarding some packets to save upload bandwidth). Many mechanisms have been designed to cope with rational behaviour in live-streaming applications, such as monitoring and punishment mechanics to discourage selfish behavior. The cost of these mechanisms is, typically, a function of the ratio of altruistic/rational nodes in the system; the larger the fraction of rational nodes, the more expensive the mechanism is. In this work we are interested in looking for mechanisms that can automatically adapt to the ratio of rational vs altruistic nodes, to minimize the operational costs in the good cases.