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Dysphagia Caused by a Lingual Thyroid: Case Report

An ectopic thyroid is rare pathology without a specific etiology and it can produce dysphagia. This pathology was first described in 1869 for Hickman in a newborn. The thyroid gland begins its development during the third week of intrauterine life as a thickening of the endoderm in the midline on the floor of the pharynx between the first and second branchial arch. Later in 7th week reaches its final position anterior to the trachea. The lingual thyroid represents an alteration in the development, which results from a lack in the descent and migration of the thyroid in the embryonic period and this can be found in the midline usually, in a location that goes from the circumvallated papilla to the epiglottis. An incidence of 1:30000 to 1:100000 has been reported, however, in recent macroscopic and microscopic observations, thyroid tissue has been found in 10%. In relation to sex, it is more frequent in women than men with a ratio of 1:4 to 1:7. The 70% of cases are not other thyroid tissue. This clinical case report dysphagia caused by a lingual thyroid and surgical treatment is presented.