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The Evolution of the Swedish State Educational and Language Policy Regarding Sami People (1870–1990’s)

The article discusses the Swedish ethnopolicy in relation to Sami people in language and educational spheres, its influence on national and local indigenous languages usage, the evolution of this policy during the last decades of XIX and XX centuries and the state of the modern educational situation.

The author examine the dynamics of the Swedish Kingdom’s language-educational policy development, causes, and aftereffects of governmental institutions; Swedish and Sami organizations and single activists actions, which influenced the indigenous public educational system. The attention is concentrated on the main action aspects of this sphere with the determination of positive and negative consequences. Moreover, the conducted study identified the main reasons of language-educational changes from the side of governmental administrative institutions and Swedish Lutheran Church, which happened under the influence of internal (the northern lands colonization, governmental fears about Sami hypothetical possibilities of attraction to separatist activism, Sami cultural development factitious leaving) and external (the development of European-wide and world ideas, theories and mainstreams – Social Darwinism, Nazism, Liberalism, etc.) factors. The author describes the educational process in a special form of «kota-schools», which were adapted to Sami nomadic lifestyle, but at that time they were assimilation instrument for the indigenous people. Also, the research explains the main causes of the educational system downfall. The article highlights the «reconciliation» process between the Lutheran Church and Sami people, where the introduction of Sami language and its dialects in church liturgy and religious literature publishing stimulated the process. The study presents information about law basement evolution, which provided and regulated the usage of Sami language in different spheres of life.