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Multiple extra‐synaptic spillover mechanisms regulate prolonged activity in cerebellar Golgi cell–granule cell loops

Non‐technical summary The cerebellar cortex contains complex neural circuits related to information processing for the learning and control of movements. We show that the interaction between the main input neurones, the granule cells and their inhibitory counterparts, the Golgi cells, is far more complex than previously thought. Traditionally, granule cells are considered to excite Golgi cells, thereby forming a negative feedback loop. In contrast, our study reveals that granule cell input to Golgi cells is predominantly inhibitory, through the action of specialised glutamate receptors expressed in Golgi cells. These results force a re‐evaluation of our current best theories of how the cerebellar circuitry processes information.