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Biological Control of Stranglervine in Citrus–A Researcher's View

Stranglervine (Morrenia odorata Lindl. # MONOD) was identified in 1957 at a commerical citrus grove in Florida. It is believed that this plant pest was introduced into Florida as an ornamental plant from South America. In the early 1960's, it became recognized as a serious weed pest that competed with the citrus trees for sunlight, water, and nutrients; girdled tree limbs; and interfered with spraying, harvesting, and irrigation practices. By the 1970's the vine was distributed throughout most of the citrus-growing areas in Florida. Control measures were limited to herbicides and mechanical cultivation. It was estimated that the cost of controlling this pest was $124/ha/yr. In many instances, control measures were inadequate to keep the vines from becoming established in the trees (11, 12, 13). Studies reported by El-Gholl (4) further demonstrated the inherent ability of this weed to persist.