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Examining the relationship between immigrant status and after-school care usage of young children in the US

Using the 2005 National Household Education Survey, this study examines the relationship between parental nativity and the after-school care use patterns of U.S. children. Results indicate that child-care usage patterns vary across households by parental nativity as well as by immigrant generational status. That is, immigrants are less likely to use nonparental care than natives. Among immigrants who use nonparental care, first-generation immigrant children were more likely to be placed in nonrelative care or activities, while second-generation immigrant children were more likely to be cared for by relatives. In terms of the time use pattern of youths in such nonparental care settings, second-generation immigrants were less likely to play sports and more likely to watch television or listen to music than natives. Lastly, the study found significant moderation effects of maternal employment status on the association between parental nativity and the type of child care used.