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THE PROBLEM OF LABOR TRAINING AND INVOLVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN AGRICULTURAL WORK IN THE MORDOVIAN ASSR IN THE MIDDLE 1950s – IN THE MIDDLE 1960s

Introduction. This publication presents the preliminary results of the study of the problem of labor training and involvement of students in agricultural work in the mid-1950s – mid-1960s on the materials of the Mordovian ASSR. The introduction of elements of Polytechnic education into the secondary school coincided with the transformation of the agricultural sector of the Soviet economy, designed to solve the problem of providing the population with food. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods used in the national historical science: problem-chronological, systemic, comparative-historical. These methods have been successfully tested in the process of determining the regional aspects of socio-economic development. In the processing of quantitative data, the statistical method was used, and for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study, a micro-historical approach was used. The study is based on a wide range of archival sources and published materials. Results. Proclaiming as its main objectives the introduction of Polytechnic education, party workers and heads of agricultural enterprises of the Mordovian ASSR in the second half of 1950s – early 1960s succeeded in bringing student teams to agricultural work. The possibility of introducing students of each particular school to the modern achievements of animal husbandry was directly dependent on the level of mechanization of the surrounding collective and state farms. Forms of labor training in the mid-1950s – early 1960s become more diverse. Discussion and Conclusion. The practice of involving students in agricultural work in the Khrushchev era was justified by the need to apply the elements of Polytechnic education in secondary school. In reality, child labour was used to carry out regular national economic plans. Forms of vocational training and labor education during the study period gradually improved. Among the innovations of the mid-1950s – early 1960s you should allocate yunnatskih (young naturalists) movement and experience movement, labour camp, and student production teams. At the same time, most farms did not have the material and technical base necessary for vocational training, and therefore the idea of cooperation between the educational organization and the agricultural enterprise of mass development was not received. The effectiveness of labor training significantly reduced the campaign approach to its organization.

Keywords: vocational training, school, pioneer, Komsomol, young naturalists, labor camp, collective farm, agriculture.