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The Study of Composers' Sketches, and an Overview of those by Ligeti

The first section of this article traces the growth of the relatively new discipline of sketch-based research since its emergence in the nineteenth century, and the rapid increase in the accessibility of original sources during recent years. The major part consists of an overview of György Ligeti's surviving sketches, which are assessed in some detail focusing on the composer's changing practice during the course of his career. Issues of classification and terminology are considered, and examples illustrate what the sketches and related materials can contribute to musicological understanding, and specifically reveal about the composer's creative processes.