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The challenges of a care information system reflecting holistic nursing care.

In this article two recent developments in the German health care system are outlined. On one side, an increasing economic pressure and legal changes on the German health care system lead to growing computerization in German hospitals. On the other side, a shift from functional to holistic nursing is observed. The question is raised if within the paradigm of holistic nursing computer support is an adequate way to organize and design work. The newly developed German care information system, PIK (Pflegedienst im Krankenhaus--Nursing service in hospital), serves as an example for a program that is structured according to the nursing process. On the grounds of this exemplification it is argued that within the concept of "technology as an option" not only is the design of a program important but also its basic work organization and design. The authors come to the conclusion that computer support of holistic nursing is possible. However, it is shown that some aspects of nursing (for example, intuitive knowledge, which has been identified as an integral part of expert nursing) cannot be formalized and thus cannot be supported by computer systems.