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Church and State Education in Revolutionary Mexico City (review)

1910 to 1940 in part consisted of attacks on the Catholic Church's power and privileges. During the latter period, some of the main disputes were over education, which the Constitution of 1917 stipulated be free and secular. In 1926, the Cristero Rebellion erupted, as church leaders encouraged their parishioners to take up arms and defend Cristo Rey against a hostile government. Previously, historians have written about pre-1926 church-state relations apparently with this bloody schism in mind, classifying the two entities as separate, even dichotomous (xx). However, as Patience Schell shows in Church and State Education, the goals of these institutions, especially when it came to education, overlapped greatly. In fact, after examining a wealth of primary sources, including newspapers, educational publications, and other archival documents, the author finds that religious and secular educators considered themselves unofficial allies in the attempt to moralize Mexico's lower classes (xix). Both before and after the rebellion, public officials frequently ignored the violations of Catholic schools. Thus Schell provides evidence of the inter-connectedness of the church and the state