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Cytokine regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression on human glioblastoma cells

Intercellular adhesion molecule‐l (ICAM‐1) has recently been identified as one of the ligands for lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1). Immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissue sections using the ICAM‐1 antibody RR1/1 demonstrated significant levels of ICAM‐1 expression on human glioblastoma cells and on intratumoural vascular endothelial cells. ICAM‐1 was weakly expressed or absent from low grade gliomas and absent from normal and fetal brain. ICAM‐1 expression was similar to that of MHC class II, HLA‐DR antigens. Glioblastoma cell lines constitutively expressed ICAM‐1 to a minimal or moderate extent. Surface antigen expression of ICAM‐1 and ICAM‐1‐specific mRNA could be significantly increased by incubating glioblastoma cells with interleukin‐1β (IL‐lβ), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ). IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6 and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF‐β2) had no significant effect on surface antigen expression. Significant enhancement of ICAM‐1 expression was obtained using TNF‐α and IL‐β at 1 ‐10 U/ml and at 500 U/ml of IFN‐γ. Induction of ICAM‐1 specific mRNA was observed 4 h after cytokine treatment and decreased by 24 h. Surface antigen expression of ICAM‐1 increased for up to 48 h after treatment.