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Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State in San Francisco

their family origins and socio-territorial relationships. The discussion of whether second homes have any place in studies about tourism is related to this complexity. Other conclusions appear repeatedly, and therefore are quite solid as well. For example, common structural factors explain the increased demand for second homes. These include affluence, mobility, leisure time, urbanization, population ageing and technological development. Cultural and socio-historical factors have more influence on the dominant types of demand. For example, in South Europe, many people participated in or remembered the massive migrations from rural areas to cities; therefore, ‘residential roots’ tourism remains very important. The major differences between the countries studied are found in the production systems that generate the real estate supply, and these are explained by the heterogeneity of the countries’ planning and financial systems, particularly those that appraise properties and construction activity at the local level. For example, the case of Great Britain suggests that urban development restrictions in rural areas have provoked some exporting of second-home demand at the middle and lower socio-economic levels, a demand satisfied by the supply available in Mediterranean countries (particularly Spain) thanks to more lax urban development legislation. The increasing polarization in access to second homes should also be highlighted. There are two primary types of differentiation: international and social within individual countries. The international polarization, strengthened by the current crisis, exists between the countries of North and Central Europe with high demand and relatively low supply (especially for lower-income households) and South Europe with broad supply and decreasing internal demand. In fact, this polarization is complementary and can be interpreted as forming part of the same system. Social polarization has always existed; this book allows the reader to follow its historical development in each country. Another crosscutting factor is the flow between primary and secondary uses of family homes, showing that a population’s territorial identity is increasingly being constructed through a combination of different places of residence, often very far apart. This book definitely helps to interpret the second-home phenomenon as an increasingly transnational aspect of housing systems. In addition to ideas contained in the national monographs presented, a reading of the book as a whole reveals the impact of the current crisis on residential tourism in general, and more specifically on the international connections between supply and demand in second-home tourism.