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The Flow of Gifts: Reprocity and Social Networks in a Chinese Village . By Yan Yunxiang. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. 278 pp. ISBNhard cover 0-8047-2603-5, paperback 0-8047-2695-7.]

Mungello shows how the humanists' view of education as a form of moral cultivation sometimes coincided with Confucian ideas. He does this effectively and with originality, through his analysis of the work of the Franciscan missionary Caballero whose collaboration with the convert literatus Shang Huqing, produced "a Confucian echo of western humanism." Kristofer Schipper, a student of ritual, asks "Some naive questions about the Chinese rites controversy A project for future research." Father John Witek's approach is different: he offers an interesting discussion of the role in the China mission of "natural theology," namely, the ability to know God through the use of reason, as distinct from revelation. Finally, in a characteristically learned study Erik Ziircher expresses disappointment that the Jesuits failed to make European history and geography better known in China; but he analyses closely the work of Father Alfonso Vagnoni who contributed writings on an aspect of Renaissance rhetoric wisdom literature and moral philosophy adapting the message to his Chinese audience. These scholarly essays (in English), backed by glossaries, illustrations and two indexes, are essential reading for students not only of the China mission but also of the history of science.