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Recent advances in electrophysiology of the nephron.

Since the extensive review by Windhager & Giebisch in 1965 (129), several symposia and monographs have been concerned with electrophysiological approaches and techniques in renal studies (30, 40, 41, 43). The last review of kidney physiology covering transport of water and strong electrolytes was published in 1971 (78). Accordingly, this chapter surveys recent advances of the past five years. The elec­ trical parameters to be described for renal tubular epithelia deal with overall tran­ sepithelial phenomena or with measurements of membrane properties of single tubule cells. Generally, information is obtained from measurements of either poten­ tial differences or conductances.