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[Analysis of maintenance therapy in hospitalized patients with exacerbation of bronchial asthma: a six-year observation].

The subjects of the study were 504 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) exacerbation, hospitalized in Saint Petersburg Hospital #32 in 1997 - 2004; the maintenance therapy in these patients was analyzed. Severe exacerbations were diagnosed in 256 (51%) of the patients, moderate--in 200 (40%), and mild--in 48 (9%). The study revealed that 78% of patients had been given instructions on their preventive anti-inflammatory therapy, informed about the doses of medications and the duration of the therapy. However, only 13% of the patients received anti-inflammatory therapy that was adequate to the severity of the illness, and only 32% of all the patients demonstrated correct technique of using meter dose inhalers. Correlations (p < 0.05) were established between these factors and poorer asthma control (R = -0.07) and the severity of the exacerbations (R = -0.41). Seventy-seven per cent of BA patients hospitalized for severe exacerbations either did not received inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IG) or received them irregularly, and only 8% of the patients received adequate anti-inflammatory therapy. The main causes of inadequate therapy were low compliance (46%) and poor level of patients' knowledge (22%). Unavailability of medications was reported only by 29% of the patients. The main cause of poor compliance was fear of corticosteroid therapy side effects; and the most common scenario of not following physician's recommendation was premature discontinuation of IG therapy. In conclusion, the rational way of the maintenance therapy optimization is correct choice of preventive anti-inflammatory medications and adequate inhalation delivery systems, patients' education, and overcoming of poor compliance at hospital stage. This is of particular importance in frequently hospitalized patients with BA.