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The Effects of Type of Event, Proximity and Repetition on Children’s Attention to and Learning from Television news

During the past few years, voluminous data have been collected in studies dealing with the effects of television content on children. Research has concentrated mainly on the effects of violent content in television (e. g. Himmelweit, Oppenheim and Vince, 1958; Schramm, Lyle and Parker, 1961; Feshbach and Singer, 1971) culminating in the numerous studies contained in the Surgeon General's Report on Television and Social Behavior (1972). The focus of most of the recent research has been on experimental studies dealing with the effects of such television violence on the child in terms of his social behavior in general, and his aggressive behavior in particular. This emphasis on the study of violence in television is easily understood in light of the high crime rates in America and the level of terror and aggression in the international community. Televised news and public affairs programs, however, have received much less attention from social scientists in terms of their effects upon children. This is perhaps surprising since television news is a regular feature both of network and local television and usually is on the air several times daily. Also, much of the content of television news is directly or indirectly related to violence. A report issued by the British Broadcasting Corporation (1972) states that "half of all the violence presented on British television consisted of real-life violence, being contained in news bulletins and current affairs programmes" (p. 14). It seems reasonable to argue that a similar situation exists in the United States and other countries. Moreover, since 1971, the Columbia Broadcasting System has been producing a special television news program for children, "In the News", aired on Saturday mornings between the cartoon shows, which also includes numerous commercials. Research on these CBS programs has been done by Atkin and Gantz (1974). Despite the fact that television news and current events programs are not rated by children as being their favorite television shows, McLeod, Atkin and Chaffee (1972) report that 30 % of the sixth grade