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Mycobacterium avium complex‐associated peritonitis with CAPD after unrelated bone marrow transplantation

Peritonitis remains an important complication of peritoneal dialysis and is mostly caused by aerobic enteric bacteria. Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)‐associated peritonitis is an unusual but serious infection, requiring special culture techniques to avoid delay in diagnosis. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl with aplastic anemia on ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who had Mycobacterium avium complex‐associated peritonitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). This case emphasizes that we should be constantly cautious about NTM infection in allo‐HSCT recipients, especially when standard cultures are negative and the infection is refractory to empirical antibiotic therapy.