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Immunohistochemical study of the expression of BCL-2, PCNA and P53 proteins in the patients with hepatitis B. The pilot study.

In HBV related hepatitis it is generally accepted that the liver injury is mediated by an immune response to the virus, since HBV is not directly cytopathic. The first step in cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated immune reaction in HBV infected mice is the induction of apoptosis. The role of BCL-2, p53 and PCNA (as the main regulators of cell cycle homeostasis) in this process has not been studied. The aim of this pilot study is to estimate immunohistochemically the expression of the BCL-2, p53 and PCNA in a group of HBV infected patients at various stages of the disease. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded liver biopsies from 5 patients with HBsAG positivity in their serum were used for immunohistochemical study of the expression of BCL-2, PCNA (PC10) and P53 (DO1clone). As the chromogen we used both the DAB and AEC. The results were co-related with the 3 liver biopsies as controls. In the hepatocytes of the all cases (including controls) we did not found any positivity of BCL-2, p53 and PCNA. However the majority of the lymphocytes present in the liver of some cases of HBV infected patients were strongly BCL-2 positive. This preliminary results of very small group of patients could indicate that hepatocytes in the HBV infection are in the quiescent stage as in the controls and that the cell cycle regulation during infection could be controlled by other genes such as bax, bcl-Xs, FAS etc., but further studies are required.