{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.028665028665028666, 'fraction_numerical': 0.003276003276003276, 'mean_word_length': 5.6775956284153, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Research on Frequency Characteristics of Spherical-Cymbal Transducers

A new type of cymbal-type transducer, called spherical-cymbal, has been developed to increase the frequency performances of traditional cymbal transducers. Spherical-cymbal transducer consists of a piezoelectric ceramic disk (poled in the thickness direction) sandwiched between two spherical metal end-caps, each end-cap containing a shallow spherical inner cavity. A analytical model was developed to evaluate the resonance frequencies of spherical-cymbal transducers, and finite element analysis (FEA) is also used to calculate the resonance frequencies of spherical-cymbal transducers. The results show that the analytical model is reasonable when the cavity is shallow, it can be used to calculate the resonance frequencies of spherical-cymbal transducers. Under the same dimensions, the first resonance frequency of spherical-cymbal transducers is lower about 4.8~8.4% than that of traditional cymbal transducers. The first resonance frequency of spherical-cymbal transducers can be easily tailored simply by changing the end-cap material or varying the end-cap dimensions. This capability gives spherical-cymbal transducers wider applications.