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Ethical issues in brain banking

Over the past two decades, neuroscientists have made great advances toward understanding how the human brain generates complex behaviors. A more recent trend has been the study of how disease processes that affect the brain can disrupt our ability to perform volitional acts, to perceive complex events accurately and to think in a logical and coherent manner. To support these research interests in human neurobiology, there has been a growing need for tissue repositories that can collect and distribute well-characterized post-mortem human brain tissue from individuals with neurological and psychiatric disorders to the neuroscience community. There are many reasons why the collection of postmortem human brain tissue has always been a very difficult process. The brain donation process involves many different steps that involve the processing, shipment, storage and distribution of the tissue. At the most primary level of this process are the donors and their families who must provide consent for the brain to be removed from their loved one’s body. The respect and consideration that is due to the donor families does not end within the short term, but persists long after the donation process has been completed. To understand the various issues related to the donor families, there are legal precedents that have been established in the US over the past 17 years. Although these policies were originally derived with organ transplantation in mind, they are also appropriate when an organ donation is intended for research and teaching purposes.