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Rapidity dependence of strange particle ratios in nuclear collisions

It was recently found [1,2] that in sulphur‐induced nuclear collisions at 200 A GeV the observed strange hadron abundances can be explained within a thermodynamic model where baryons and mesons separately are in a state of relative chemical equilibrium, with overall strangeness being slightly undersaturated, but distributed among the strange hadron channels according to relative chemical equilibrium with a vanishing strange quark chemical potential. These studies were made either in a narrow central rapidity window [1] or (in the case of S‐S collisions [2]) also using the rapidity‐integrated total multiplicities. We develop a consistent thermodynamic formulation of the concept of relative chemical equilibrium and show how to introduce into the partition function deviations from absolute chemical equilibrium, e. g. an undersaturation of overall strangeness or the breaking of chemical equilibrium between mesons and baryons. We then proceed to test on the available data the hypothesis that the strange quark ...