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Evolución de la comunidad microbiana nativa durante el proceso de biodegradación de un residuo procedente de estaciones de servicios

Biodegradation is a natural process by which microorganisms transform pollutants into less toxic compounds. 
The aim of this work is to evaluate the response of a native microbial community present in the soil, during the biodegradation process of a waste generated in service stations. 
Liquid waste samples were taken from a service station in the city of Rio Gallegos. The extracted hydrocarbon was analyzed by GC / MS. Bioremediation tests were carried out in microcosm based on uncontaminated soil for 100 days with a C: N: P: ratio of 100: 2.5: 0.25, 10% humidity and 3% of the residue. It was monitored by quantification of carbon dioxide generated by hydrocarbon mineralization. Soil samples were taken at different times to quantify hydrocarbons by GC / FID, total aerobic bacteria (BAT) count and hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (BDH). The bacterial community was also monitored by the analysis of the microbial grades extracted directly from the samples. The residue had a hydrocarbon composition rich in n-alkanes between C12 and C25. The mineralization reached a maximum value of 14000 mg CO2.kgsoil-1 and about 80% biodegradation. The biodegradation was carried out mainly by bacteria and actinomyces, observing that the bacterial community was modified as the concentration of hydrocarbons decreased.