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CFD Flow Modeling and Mixing in an Elliptical Ladle

Over the years, ladle metallurgy (a secondary steelmaking process) has received significant attention owing to the ever-rising demand for high-quality steel products. Ladle metallurgy is practiced by maneuvering a steel's composition, cleanliness, and temperature, over wide ranges, to meet diverse plant and customer requirements. The technique involves a series of different steps after tapping steel into the ladle, and before sending it to the caster. These steps include de-oxidation, composition adjustment, temperature control, degassing, cleanliness adjustment, etc. Depending upon the final grade of steel, the steelmaking professional must select different operations wisely. However, all secondary steelmaking operations have one thing in common: the injection of an inert gas into the steel melt, using one or more porous plugs installed in the bottom brickwork of a ladle. Argon (Ar) gas is preferred for injection as it is not only inert in nature, but its solubility in steel is negligible. Argon purging is routinely carried out to obtain homogeneity of temperature, and composition, and to promote slagmetal refining reactions. Recent studies have also shown that argon gas injection in liquid steel can help in inclusion removal.