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Evaluation of morphological alteration in human mandible: A prospective cross-sectional panoramic radiographic study

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the morphological alterations of the mandiblebetween different age groups, gender, and dentition status. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 patients (500 males and 500 females), panoramic radiographs, were included in the study out of 57,640 patients in the outpatient department for 1 year. The patients were categorized according to age, gender, and dentition status that were assessed. Results: Statistically significant relation was observed between the mean antegonial angle, depth, gonial angle, and mandibular cortical index (MCI) with respect to the age, gender, and dentition status. The value of antegonial angle decreased with age and edentulousness, while antegonial depth increased with age and edentulousness. Females had higher values of antegonial angles as compared to males for antegonial angle, while the opposite is true for antegonial depth. Conclusion: There is an inherent asymmetry in the antegonial regions between the right and left sides. The gonial angle can serve as an adjuvant and additional forensic parameter, which guides for age group assessment and gender identification. MCI can be used as a diagnostic tool for screening patients with or without osteoporotic changes.