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Single mode conditions in photonic crystal vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers

The theoretical aspect of single transversal mode operation in a photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL) is presented. First generalized VB diagrams for the holey waveguiding laser structure based on the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal cladding region are presented and discussed. In this paper, we also discuss advantages and drawbacks of mode stabilization due to light localization with photonic crystal defect.