{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03122497998398719, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009607686148919135, 'mean_word_length': 5.038647342995169, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Probe Diagnostics and Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Wave Plasma Source Exhaust

Wave plasma sources (WPSs) were first proposed in the 1970s for electric propulsion (EP), and these research and development processes culminated in the flight test in 2021 of the WPS-based thruster REGULUS. Recently, new approaches to WPS use have emerged—multiple schemes of EPs that can generate propelling forces in multiple directions within a single thruster head, regarded as a breakthrough technology for in-space propulsion systems (PSs). One of the concepts is the bi-directional wave plasma thruster that is based on the open-ended gas discharge chamber—the symmetrical system. Up to now, the WPSs based on the open-ended chambers have not been widely studied. In this paper, the plasma flow formed by the WPS based on the open-ended chamber was axially characterized using a retarding potential analyzer (RPA), Langmuir probe (LP), and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The presence of the double-layer (DL) was confirmed by a drastic change in the plasma potential along the axis, and a specific impulse of 1100 s was indirectly measured. The measurement results show the potential of the WPS based on the open-ended chamber for efficient operations.