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Optimal Price-Based Real-Time Demand Response in Distribution System with Distributed Generators Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, the optimal price-based real-time demand response (OPRDR) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. In the proposed method, the price-based real-time demand response (PRDR) is integrated into optimal power flow (OPF) problem and solved simultaneously. The algorithm has been tested with the IEEE 33-bus system. The test results shown that the proposed algorithm can effectively minimize total operating cost by trading-off with PRDR cost in the optimal power dispatch.