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Sacrifice, Cult, and Atonement in Early Judaism and Christianity: Constituents and Critique ed. by Henrietta L. Wiley and Christian A. Eberhart (review)

cleavages along temporal/spatial lines indexed their divergent, competing, and conflictual worldviews. Finally, Ian Paul (“Cities of Revelation: A Tale of Two [Kinds of] Cities”) draws on social-scientific and material evidence to describe how the competing domains of Jerusalem and Rome were “making incompatible claims on their citizens for total loyalty” (p. 319). A conclusion by the collection editors, “Research on Urban Christian Communities Looking Ahead,” documents some reflections from a panel at the end of the conference. Key points identified for further consideration include a clearer “definition of city and polis” (p. 320) and by extension “rural” space; charting inter-polis communication between Christian urban groups; language use in ancient cities; more specific work on individual cityscapes of the NT (including those underrepresented in the present collection, most notably Antioch-on-the-Orontes); more critical theorizing on material and architectural productions of space; and further reflection on emotional responses to cities, including sensory and affective dimensions (pp. 323-24). This is a rich, accessible, and critical collection that constitutes an important response to the spatial turn in both the humanities and social sciences which challenges epistemological perspectives valuing time or human action over place and space. The contributors here take important steps in redressing a historical disinterest in place and space in NT studies, a discipline that, too often it seems, in a typically Eurocentric vein, has viewed urban spaces as static husks or “backgrounds” against which the great events, ideas, and movements of early Christians played out.