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Role of Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Acceleration of Bone Fracture Healing

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a common therapy for acceleration of maxillofacial bone healing. PRP‐associated benefits include growth factor production for promotion of blood coagulation, tissue repair and bone mineralization. This study analyzed the role of PRP in acceleration long‐bone fracture healing in 22 Lewis rats. Normal saline (control) or PRP was applied to open femur fractures followed by analysis of fracture healing after 4 weeks. Radiographic analysis demonstrated a significant higher callus to cortex ratio (p<0.05) in the PRP group (1.65× 0.05) compared to the control group (1.47× 0.06), indicating PRP‐dependent acceleration of callus formation. Three‐point load bearing showed an increasing trend in bone rigidity (Newton Force) for the PRP treated groups (60.85× 6.06N) versus the control (47.66× 5.49N; p=0.1189). H&E staining showed enhanced bone formation at the fracture site following PRP treatment compared to the control. In addition, immunohistochemistry demonstrated enhanced appearance of growth factors TGF‐beta1 and BMP‐2 in the control compared to the PRP group suggesting early downregulation of these growth factors during PRP‐accelerated bone healing. In summary, our results demonstrate that PRP accelerates bone fracture healing of rat femurs via early onset of TGF‐beta1 and BMP‐2 growth factor expression thereby promoting callus formation and acceleration of bone repair.