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Observation of avalanche precursors of granular packings using DEM

In this study, we have performed 3D DEM simulations about granular packings with slow tilt motion. It would be expected to obtain more detailed destabilization processes of tilting granular layers using numerical simulations than using experimental methods. Our simulation results agreed well with some experimental results about rearrangements of the particles at the surface layer. Most of the previous studies relate stability of the packings with mobilization of friction forces between the particles. However our simulation results show that the mobilization of friction forces does not change when the tilt angle increases up to 10° and further, the correlation between the mobilization of friction forces and global stability is insignificant. However, the direction of contacts and distribution of contact forces changed during our simulation time. Our simulation results indicate that we can estimate stability of the packings through contact forces and their directions rather than the mobilization of friction forces.