{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024922118380062305, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007009345794392523, 'mean_word_length': 4.921658986175115, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Transport mechanisms in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3) electronic layers: a study by photodipolar absorption

This paper describes the role of traps in the electronic conductivity of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3) in a conventional sandwich structure with indium tin oxide and aluminium electrodes. New results obtained by photodipolar absorption techniques and impedance spectroscopy are presented. The former method acts as a probe to highlight the role of traps. It is shown that optical pumping of electrons to trap levels gives a clear increase in dielectric absorption due to the reorientation of dipoles associated with trapped charges. The trap depth is estimated to be around E t = 0.19 eV, a value in good agreement with theoretical calculations and thermoluminescence measurements. The latter method permits a representation of the sample in terms of a circuit composed of a parallel capacitor (C p) and resistor (R p) both in series with a resistor R s ≈ 50 Ω located on the anode side. A logarithmic plot of R p as a function of the dc bias voltage gives a linear law that is recognized, for the first time, to be a consequence of a trapped charge limited (TCL) current. The linearity can be improved by the introduction of a field-dependent mobility.