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DERMATOLOGIC USES OF DERMATOGLYPHICS

Reports of unusual dermatoglyphics in patients with chromosomal defects, as well as other disorders, continue to appear with considerable frequency. Today, dermatoglyphics analysis is widely used by clinicians as an aid in diagnosing chromosomal and other medical disorders. Dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configurations on the digits, palms and soles. The ridges begin to develop at about the 13th week of prenatal life as the fetal mounds on the digit tips and the interdigital, thenar, hypothenar and corresponding areas of the foot begin to regress. The pattern formation is complete by the 18th week, and remains unchanged apart from increase in size and possible distortion by injury. The chromosomal defects have a good chance of producing dermal abnormalities. Maternal rubella infection and some drug poisonings, such as by thalidomide, are known to interfere with the normal development of ridge patterns. Several disorders caused by a single abnormal gene, including Wilson’s disease, neurofibromatosis, pseudohypoparathyroidism and de Lange syndrome have been reported to be associated with abnormal dermal patterns. Patients with a few other conditions without established genetic basis have been reported to show abnormal dermatoglyphics this list includes those with congenital heart disease, leukemia and psoriasis. Some postnatal diseases such as leprosy and lichen planus also affect the ridges. Dermatoglyphic analysis has several advantages: (1) it can be used readily and easily, (2) results are available immediately as a clinical diagnostic tool, (3) expensive and elaborate pieces of equipment are not required, and (4) the procedure i s atraumatic. For proper assessment of specific dermatoglyphic findings, comparison with the distribution of normal patterns i s necessary. In pathologic conditions, an increased or an unusual combination of normal patterns are usually seen, rather than the presence of abnormal patterns.