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Assessment of the clinical efficacy of simultaneous transurethral resection of both bladder cancer and the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder cancer and the prostate (TURBT + TURP) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Method We conducted systematic research in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify retrospective studies and prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing patient outcomes between TURBT + TURP and TURBT-only patients. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. Results We identified eight relevant studies involving a total of 1032 patients. We found that patients that underwent TURBT + TURP exhibited significantly lower recurrence rates [odds ratio (OR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53–0.93; p = .01] and increased maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) (WMD, 5.92; 95% CI, 4.67–7.16; p < .001) compared with patients that underwent TURBT-only. However, rates of recurrence at the prostatic urethra/bladder neck and bladder tumor progression, as well as the time to recurrence did not differ significantly between these two groups. Conclusions Simultaneous TURBT + TURP can be safely performed in patients with NMIBC and BPH and improves patient quality of life, without any risk of increasing tumor recurrence or metastasis rates. Comprehensive RCTs are needed to confirm the results of this study.