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Evaluating the Effect of Poor Contrast Ratio in Simulated Sensor-Based Vision Systems on Performance

Sensor-based vision systems enable approaches to altitudes closer to the runway in low visibility conditions. These systems utilize imaging sensors capable of providing forward vision of the runway and the resulting imagery is displayed on a head-up display. Previous studies were primarily limited to nominal cases. Off-nominal cases assessments are limited only to display failures. The sensors integrated to these systems have known limitations and can produce degraded display output with respect to atmospheric conditions. An evaluation is conducted to assess the potential human factors implications of a simulated display of poor sensor output, operationalized as a difference in contrast ratio of the display output for simulated approach and landing operations. Pilots fly six different approach and landing scenarios in a simulator for two visibility levels and three levels of display information quality (none, poor, and good display output). Measures of performance include approach and landing performance, attention allocation, workload, and decision-making. The experiment results indicate that landing performance and decision making are negatively impacted by poor display output, while there is no evidence of an impact on workload or situation awareness.