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Choosing the ideal nephrostomy tube

state of the kidney and patient at the end of the operation. Percutaneous renal surgery has the potential for significant complications during and after the procedure [5,6]. For the purposes of this review, we classify these cases as routine, problematic and complicated, i.e. respectively: no mucosal damage, minimal bleeding and stone-free; mucosal perforation, residual stones, oedema of the PUJ; and PUJ tear, significant haemorrhage, injury to adjacent organs and stenotic calyceal infundibulum. These three categories should be considered during the following discussion of the various types of nephrostomy tubes and their applications.