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Research on Specialty Mushroom (Pleurotus tuber-regium) as Functional Food: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities.

Pleurotus tuber-regium (PTR) is an edible specialty mushroom that has attracted growing interest recently because of its sensory attributes, high nutritional values, and important medicinal properties. PTR is rich in bioactive polysaccharides, proteins with essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Current studies have shown that the nutrients and bioactive ingredients of PTR contribute to their anti-tumor, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, hepatic-protective, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and prebiotic activities, indicating that PTR is a promising functional food and nutraceuticals. In this review, the chemical constituents and physiological functions of PTR are summarized, which provide the scientific basis to support their further research and development of its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.