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Realization Problem of Passivity-Based Cyber Physical Systems in Power Networks

In this paper, we deal with a realization problem of cyber physical systems. Cyber physical systems are known to include many heterogeneous dynamical modules such as physical systems, control rules, or optimization algorithms. The connections between modules, which can be different kind of subsystems, need "transformation of signals" between physical quantities and information signals. In the realization of such transformation, we should care about what kind of mechanism is possible or not for its purpose. For example, the passivity based methodology to connect subsystems is convenient for guaranteeing the stability of the total systems, however the problem of the physical realization of the feedback connection emerges. From above discussion, in this paper, we focus on our previously proposed hierarchical control and optimization of power networks based on passivity methodology and discuss a problem what structures are physically realizable.