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Posttranscriptional regulation of intestinal epithelial integrity by noncoding RNAs

Maintenance of the gut epithelial integrity under stressful environments requires epithelial cells to rapidly elicit changes in gene expression patterns to regulate their survival, adapt to stress, and keep epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial integrity occurs commonly in patients with various critical illnesses, leading to the translocation of luminal toxic substances and bacteria to the blood stream. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of master regulators of gene expression and are fundamentally involved in many aspects of gut mucosal regeneration, protection, and epithelial barrier function. Here, we highlight the roles of several intestinal epithelial tissue‐specific microRNAs, including miR‐222, miR‐29b, miR‐503, and miR‐195, and long ncRNAs such as H19 and SPRY4‐IT1 in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell‐to‐cell interactions and also further analyze the mechanisms through which ncRNAs and their interactions with RNA‐binding proteins modulate the stability and translation of target mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1399. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1399