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Metaheuristics for design of metal-only reflectarray (MOR) antenna

A metal-only reflectarray (MOR) antenna was proposed for the millimeter-wave applications. The MOR antenna has low-profile, ease of fabrication, and high gain characteristics. In this paper, we use three kinds of metaheuristics which are genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) to design a high gain MOR antenna. To improve the performance, we insert a local search scheme into metaheuristics. Local search optimizations for the 77GHz MOR antenna with 2.2cm diameter were performed by applying the GA, PSO, and DE. Simulated results show that the GA, PSO, and DE with a local search have better performance to improve the antenna gain and aperture efficiency of a MOR antenna.