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Chinese Circle Theory:A Network Approach to Study Chinese Organizational Behavior

Most western cross-cultural comparisons in management literature illustrate that Chinese are collectivists, for whom Ouchi's J or Z theory should be good when studying their working motivation.However,most endogenous sociological and anthropological studies in China cannot agree.This paper tries to develop the Chinese Circle Theory, briefly C Theory,which is a network perspective to study Chinese motivation.The theory try to illustrate the four features of Chinese organizational behavior:(1)Chinese collectivist behaviors are contingent,since Confucian philosophy requires Chinese to follow principles of collectivism in and only in their"pseudo-family".(2)Chinese involved in long-term social exchange overcome uncertainty by following norms,rather than by rationally calculating costs and benefits. (3)Chinese achieve personal goals by working together with members of their ego-centered trust networks.(4)The opportunities to build his/her own independent unit are the most important reward for a Chinese worker.