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Metal nanoparticles and its application on phenolic and heavy metal pollutants

Abstract The perpetual exposure of several manmade materials and their activities such as urbanization, industrialization, transportation, mining, construction, petroleum refining, manufacturing, preservatives, disinfectants etc., release various pollutants like organic, inorganic, and heavy metals which pollute the air, water, and soil. This poses various environmental issues which are relevant to the ecosystem and human wellbeing that intensify the implementation of new expedient treatment technologies. Likewise, phenolic and heavy metal pollutants find their way into the environment. These phenolic and heavy metals are toxic to the liver, heart and carcinogenic. Therefore, the removal of these kinds of pollutants from the environment is a highly challenging issue. As conventional treatment technologies have consequent drawbacks, new interests have been developed to remediate and remove pollutants from the ecosystem using metal nanoparticles (MPNs). To date, many researchers all over the world have been investigating novel approaches to enhance various remediation application technologies. One such approach that the researchers are constantly showing interest in is the use of nanomaterials with potential applications towards the environment. In this regard, MPNs like Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd), Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Platinum (Pt), Titanium (Ti), and other nano metals are serving as a suitable agent to eliminate emerging contaminants in various fields, particularly in the removal of phenolic and heavy metal pollutants. This chapter discusses the mechanism and application of various MPNs in eliminating various phenolic and heavy metal pollutants from the environment.