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The economics of green manuring in the South African sugar industry.

The economic costs and benefits of including green manuring as a regular component of a sugarcane cropping system in the North Coast region of KwaZulu-Natal are analysed for early, mid and late-season harvest of the final cane crop. The return on investment for an entire cane cycle (roughly 10-12 years) is compared for a green manure crop, a weed-only fallow of similar length, and, where possible, immediate plough-out/replant. Results indicate that the yield benefits required for weed fallows and green manures to be more profitable than no fallows are probably achievable, based on literature reviewed. Important considerations not addressed in this study include the impacts of green manuring and weed fallows on production risks.