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‘Women with a Russian Accent’ in Israel

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, immigration from the former Eastern Bloc countries to North America, Israel and Western Europe became a notable feature of East±West relations. So far, few studies have explored the problems of Russian and East European immigrant women in the course of their encounter with western or westernized societies. Their experiences are presumably quite distinct from those of Third World women (Buijs, 1993), given their different background ± in particular, their higher education and universal participation in the labour force of the former socialist countries. At the same time, immigrant women of any origin may experience a similar set of problems due to their downward occupational and social mobility (Segura, 1996; Raijman and Semyonov, 1997). This article explores the intersection of immigration and gender, based on the experiences of women who moved to Israel from the former Soviet Union (FSU) with the immigration wave of the early 1990s. Among some 750,000 Soviet-Jewish immigrants, over 200,000 are women between the ages of 20 and 50 (IMIA, 1998), i.e. the period of life when economic, sexual and childbearing activities all peak and overlap. Beside the problems of physical and psychosocial adjustment common to both sexes, women face an additional set of constraints evolving from cultural and normative differences in sexuality, fertility and family life, which are viewed in both countries as primarily feminine domains. In