{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0246422893481717, 'fraction_numerical': 0.000794912559618442, 'mean_word_length': 5.111650485436893, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Increase in nano-order of liquid H2O induced by chemical, charge, and mechanical stimuli: relationship to water-DNA system

Abstract The effect of mechanical, electrical, chemical, and de-pressuring perturbations on clusters of water molecules is reported. Related electrical and optical studies on the water–DNA system have also been conducted. It is concluded that perturbation caused increased nano-ordering, and hence decreased entropy, in clusters of water in bulk, and it is this effect which establishes and governs the transducing ability of water. From the water–DNA system work, it is proposed that a similar increase in nano-order occurs at the scale of biological cells, especially near the cell membrane. This has the effect of providing to a water layer at the interface of another material the ability to be a transducer of 'information' or signals from a ligand. This phenomenon enhances the ability of a retrovirus to enter the DNA of a host cell: high entropy interferes with tunnelling and mass transport diffusion, whereas the lower entropy of transiently nano-ordered water enhances this nano-pore channel process. Both effects are believed to relate to thermally induced changes in the hydrogen bonding of the sheathing water molecules.