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[Predictive pathology: concept and dimensions of clinical trials].

Most new treatment principles are based on pathophysiological knowledge. They are, however, only effective in subgroups of patients where the pathophysiological concepts apply. The definition of the respective patient groups using clinical and laboratory findings is rather unsuccessful. Pharmakogenetic approaches have as well been disappointing. Since outcomes are often multifactorial single polymorphisms have not been sufficient. Predictive pathology will need to use gene signatures or functionally defined genetic markers in order to solve the problems.