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Making Capital Socially Accountable: An Introduction to Robin Blackburn and Ewald Engelen

At the core of the traditional socialist critique of capitalism was the view that when investment decisions were made exclusively on the basis of private, profitmaximizing calculations, the resulting patterns of capitalist investment and economic growth would be both harmful to many people and in the long term collectively irrational. Three familiar reasons for this diagnosis are particularly important. First, private profit-maximizing investments do not take into account negative externalities, and thus a wide range of “public bads”—pollution, resource depletion, social disruption, job dislocations, etc. and so forth—are likely to be generated by profit-maximizing investments. Second, investments driven exclusively by private profit maximization will lead to an under-provision of public goods, particularly of things like skills and infrastructure. And third, private profit-maximizing investment will tend to generate significant concentrations of wealth, and such wealth not only confers power to actors in the market, but also enables them to deploy their economic power for political purposes, thus undermining democracy. In response to these deficits, socialists traditionally proposed two sorts of solutions. The first strategy, favored by most social democratic parties, left private ownership and profit maximization largely intact, but used the affirmative state to try to counteract in various ways their harmful effects: regulations were designed to prevent negative externalities or internalize their costs; the state directly provided public goods neglected by the market; and various redistributive interventions tried to counteract at least some of the effects of concentrations of wealth. The second solution was to challenge the private ownership of capital