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Micro Imaging Displays the Sucrose Landscape within and along Its Allocation Pathways1

A procedure for the quantitative mapping of sucrose in plant tissue with spatial resolution sufficient to measure sucrose in individual phloem bundles and across transport boundaries. Sucrose (Suc) is the major transport sugar in plants and plays a primary role as an energy source and signal in adaptive and stress responses. An ability to quantify Suc over time and space would serve to advance our understanding of these important processes. Current technologies used for Suc mapping are unable to quantitatively visualize its distribution within tissues. Here, we present an infrared-based microspectroscopic method that allows for the quantitative visualization of Suc at a microscopic level of resolution (∼12 µm). This method can successfully model the sugar concentration in individual vascular bundles and within a complex organ such as the stem, leaf, or seed. The sensitivity of the assay ranges from 20 to 1,000 mm. We applied this method to the cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to highlight the potential of the procedure for resolving the spatial distribution of metabolites. We also discuss the relevance of the method for studies on carbon allocation and storage in the context of crop improvement.