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Validity, Reliability, and Fairness in Music Testing

This chapter presents and discusses validity, reliability, and fairness within the framework of measurement and evaluation, and contextualizes it in the field of music education. A test can be described as the collection and interpretation of data representing a particular musical behavior using a systematic and uniform procedure. As such, a test in music can encompass the evaluation of any number of musical behaviors and the collection of data using any number of techniques. With any test, the collection of data needs to be valid, reliable, and fair in order to ensure quality and provide defensibility of the assessment. More specifically, test users need to ensure that a test measures what it purports to measure (i.e., validity); be confident that students with similar knowledge, skills, and abilities will receive similar scores across repeated administrations (i.e., reliability); and certify that the test is accessible and appropriate for all students (i.e., fairness). Historical, theoretical, and applied perspectives of validity, reliability, and fairness are discussed.