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Modulatory effects of garlic and neem leaf extracts on N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)‐induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

The effects of garlic and neem leaf extracts on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during administration of N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a carcinogenic nitrosamine were evaluated in male Wistar rats. Extracts of garlic and neem leaf were administered orally for five consecutive days before intraperitoneal injection of MNNG. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the stomach, liver and circulation of MNNG‐treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Administration of garlic and neem leaf extracts significantly decreased the formation of lipid peroxides and enhanced the levels of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes in stomach, the primary target organ for MNNG, as well as in the liver and circulation. The results of the present study suggest that garlic and neem may exert their protective effects by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of GSH and GSH‐dependent enzymes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.