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High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric patients.

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) offers the potential to maintain adequate gas exchange without imposing the large pressure swings and tidal volumes associated with ventilatory-induced lung injury. This article reviews the studies evaluating the use of HFOV to treat pediatric respiratory failure, discusses the complications associated with HFOV, and details an approach to the practical application of HFOV in the non-neonatal pediatric population.