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Part II: Training Methods

Comparative studies of demonstrably fit and unfit subjects as typified by Johnson (1942) have shown lower oxygen consumption, heart rate and blood lactate in fit subjects during standardised easy work whilst in exhausting tasks the fit subjects attain higher maxima for oxygen consumption and external power output. Adaptation experiments where pre and post training measures are available for comparison are of greater interest since the process of adaptation can be related to a particular regimen of training activity. Knehr (1942) provides data which illustrates a commonly observed phenomenon. The initial adaptive responses to training are the most dramatic with increases in work ability being far in excess of physiological adaptation. It would appear that this latter phenomenon must be due to increases in skilled performance of, and habituation to, the task. A relationship probably exists here with the concept of specificity as discussed in Part I of the review, preceding the present part. Fardy (1969), reporting results obtained from tests on a group training for soccer using calisthenics, running and soccer drills and game situation practices, showed a very similar pattern of response to the training stimulus. Astrand (1968) states that increased in the V02 max with training are in the range of 10 20%, and points out that 'it is evident that natural endowment is the most important factor'.