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Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in Korean patients with AML ineligible for first-line intensive chemotherapy: A subanalysis of the CURRENT study, a non-interventional, retrospective chart review

Background Although most elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, treatment options remain limited. CURRENT (UMIN000037786), a real-world, non-interventional, retrospective chart review, evaluated clinical outcomes, clinicopathologic characteristics, and treatment patterns in these patients. We present results from a subanalysis of Korean patients in this study. Methods Patients were aged >=18 years with primary or secondary acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy who initiated first-line systemic therapy or best supportive care between 2015 and 2018 across four centers in Korea. Primary endpoint was overall survival from diagnosis. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, time to treatment failure, and response rates. Data analyses were primarily descriptive, with time-to-event outcomes estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression used to determine prognostic factors for survival. Results Among 194 patients enrolled, 84.0% received systemic therapy and 16.0% received best supportive care. Median age at diagnosis was 74 and 78 years, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1 was reported in 73.0% and 48.4% of patients, respectively; poor cytogenetic risk was reported in 30.1% and 16.1% of patients. Median overall survival was 7.83 versus 4.50 months, and median progression-free survival was 6.73 versus 4.50 months in the systemic therapy versus best supportive care groups. Prognostic factors (all P <0.05) affecting overall survival included secondary acute myeloid leukemia (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% CI: 1.13-2.45]), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >=2 (2.41 [1.51-3.83]), poor cytogenetic risk (2.10 [1.36-3.24]), and Charlson comorbidity index >=1 (2.26 [1.43-3.58]). Conclusion Clinical outcomes are poor in Korean patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy who are prescribed current systemic therapies or best supportive care. There is a substantial unmet need for novel agents (monotherapy or in combination) to improve clinical outcomes in this patient population.