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Environmental assessment in the European Union: a tenth anniversary

The tenth anniversary of the adoption of Directive 85/337/EEC is a suitable occasion to review the main developments in environmental assessment (EA) within the European Union since 1985 and to explore ways of further strengthening EA practice in the future. Although considerable progress has been made, a number of important deficiencies remain. The measures proposed to remedy these include regulatory improvements and a variety of initiatives to strengthen E A practice, including proposals for more effective quality controls, assessment guidance, training, research and institution strengthening. In conclusion two issues relating to the future role of environmental assessment within environmental policy are explored: the boundary limits for future EA activities; and linkages between EA and other appraisal, planning and policy instruments.