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Effect of Various Nonionic Surfactants Incorporated in Liposomes on Dermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Compound

Various surfactants-containing vesicles have been widely used as a carrier in drug delivery to enhance skin penetration of encapsulated therapeutic agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nonionic surfactants-containing liposome vesicles on the penetration of hydrophilic compounds through the porcine skin. Ultradeformable liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol) and various surfactants e.g. Tween 20, Labrasol and Gelucire 44/14) were prepared as NaFI carrier. The physicochemical characteristic of liposomes and in vitro skin penetration were investigated. The particle size of surfactant-containing liposome vesicles showed smaller particle sizes (36 to 54 nm) than conventional liposome (CLs) and had negative surface charge. The EE% and LE% order of surfactants incorporated in liposome formulations were: Labrasol liposomes (LALs) > Gelucire 44/14 liposomes (GELs) > Tween20 liposomes (TWLs) > CLs. The flux of NaFI from ultradeformable liposomes was significantly higher than from CLs. Among various liposomes, Labrasol containing ultradeformable liposomes showed the highest skin permeation in 24 h, and their flux was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the flux of CLs. The result suggests that the surfactant-containing liposomes were small and deformable vesicles due to incorporating of an edge activators. In addition, surfactants could act as a penetration enhancer to promote dermal delivery of NaFI.