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Stepwise synthesis of 2,3-O-dipalmitoyl-D-glyceric acid and an in vitro evaluation of its cytotoxicity.

2,3-O-Dipalmitoyl-D-glyceric acid (PA2-DGA) was synthesized from D-glyceric acid calcium salt and palmitoyl chloride with improved yield. Direct condensation between the D-glyceric acid calcium salt and palmitoyl chloride produced PA2-DGA with a yield of <10%, whereas stepwise synthesis yielded this compound at up to 24% of overall yield. PA2-DGA was then subjected to a cytotoxic test using normal human dermal fibroblasts and primary normal human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. This compound had no toxic effects on human cells in vitro at concentrations up to 34 µM.