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David E. Mungello, Leibniz and Confucianism: The Search for Accord . The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 1977. Price: $10.00.

He concludes that the effect of imperialism can best be described in biological terms as 'symbiosis' new growth under altered conditions of these indigenous traditions. E.Ziircher, in 'Western Expansion and Chinese Reaction', also uses the term 'symbiosis'. He argues persuasively that much of the European impact on China was not an impact at all, but an eclectic borrowing by the Chinese. Thus the elements of Western thought in the T'aip'ing Rebellion arrived in such a convulted and ill-considered way that any notion of 'acculturation' simply makes no sense. Rather, Zurcher prefers the term 'indigenous modernization', a term that certainly is very useful. Expansion and Reaction is a nicely balanced book. Obviously the totality of the European imperialist experience could not be covered in such brief compass, but major issues and most of the significant areas of expansion in Asia and Africa are welltreated. (Only French Indochina and British Egypt and South Africa are not included). All of the essays are effectively argued and clearly presented, each containing a broad historical perspective and a critical mode of analysis. For the individual whose knowledge of the historical debate over imperialist cause and decolonizing effect is rudimentary, Expansion and Reaction will prove to be a very useful and stimulating introduction. Moreover, the editor's preliminary statements provide a very well-turned and provocative assessment of the historiography of the problems and of the interpretations of the contributors to the book. Finally, the prefatory essay by Ferdinand Braudel and the concluding essay by S.N.Eisendtadt offer brief summaries of the relevant, major ideas proposed in the remarkable scholarship of these two veritable philosophers of history. Since Charles H.Pearson first wrote his national Life and Character in 1893, many authors have divined a future belonging to the formerly colonized. Perhaps the twenthieth century will eventually be called the 'Asian Century' or the 'Era of the Third World'. Nonetheless, in the present which is, of course, the final unfolding of the twentieth century European imperialism remains asubject of current discussions as well as a major historical problem. Expansion and Reaction offers pertinent analysis and provides clear understanding of both aspects of this peculiar European presence in the world.