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Advances in cyclosporine pharmacology, measurement, and therapeutic monitoring.

This review will focus on our current state of understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which CsA exerts immunosuppression and will present new information on: pharmacokinetic variability of CsA, selection of specimen and method for measuring CsA concentration, identity of CsA metabolites and their immunosuppressive and toxic activity, and the relationship between steady-state pre-dose concentrations of CsA in blood and response to treatment in transplant patients.