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Fluctuations in Calorimetry Measurements

Calorimeters are used in high energy physics to measure energy, position, direction and sometimes nature of a primary particle. Their properties are reviewed here with particular emphasis on the qualitative understanding of the relations between the physics of the cascade processes and the performances of actual instruments. The accent is put on energy measurements of photons and hadrons, but the limits achieved in determining the spatial position of electromagnetic and hadronic showers are also presented and discussed.