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Impact of high-intensity interval training on HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Exercises are often recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve physical conditioning and glycemic control. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T2DM on a short-term basis (after 12 weeks of training). Patients and methods Forty patients women diagnosed with T2DM were selected from the outpatient clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University; their ages ranged from 55 to 65 years. Patients were assigned randomly to two equal groups (n = 20). Group A, the study group, received HIIT and training by treadmill and group B, the control group, received training by treadmill. Exercise training was performed for 20-38 min for group A and for 20-30 min for group B three times a week for 12 weeks. HbA1c was evaluated before training and after 3 months of training (after training). Results There was a statistically significant difference in the two groups in HbA1c, where the mean values for group A before and after treatment were 6.290 ± 0.130 and 5.460 ± 0.092, respectively, and those for group B before and after treatment were 6.405 ± 107 and 6.025 ± 0.156, respectively. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in HbA1c (P = 0.04), where group A showed greater improvement in HbA1c than group B on a short-term basis. Conclusion Regular participation in HIIT was more effective and an alternative to aerobic training in improving HbA1c in T2DM.