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Irradiation effects on copper

Copper, one of the most significant metals, is exposed to IR radiation. A Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 1.1 MW, 12 ns) has been used to irradiate fine polished and annealed samples (4 N, 1×1×0.3 cm3) with 100 laser shots under a vacuum of ∼10−6 torr. The laser focal spot size and power density on the target were 12 μm and 3×1012 Wm−2 respectively. The surface and structural studies were performed by analyzing scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffractograms (XRDs), respectively. Laser ablation results in boiling, splashing, hydrodynamical sputtering and exfoliation along with other relevant phenomena. The XRD patterns of the exposed sample indicate a change in diffraction intensity and grain sizes. The atomic planes remain undisturbed for the irradiated target. The information collected is useful for investigating the complexities found in radiation–metal interactions.