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Imprecise excision of insertion element IS5 from the fliC gene contributes to flagellar diversity in Escherichia coli.

Motile strains of Escherichia coli K12 carrying both a chromosomal fliC-H48 gene and a plasmid encoded fliC-H4 gene express both types of flagellins, which are coassembled into functional flagella. By using flagellar-H48-specific antiserum and a plasmid curing procedure, nonmotile mutants were found that carried an IS5 insertion in the chromosomal fliC-H48 gene. Motile revertants were isolated that showed deletions of the IS5 element together with sections of the fliC-H48 gene resulting in an altered flagellar serotype in these strains. As IS5 elements were found associated with 35 of 53 known H-types in wildtype E. coli strains, this insertion element might play a major role in serotype diversity.