{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015184381778741865, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00596529284164859, 'mean_word_length': 5.684782608695652, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography.

Analytical scientists working in many sectors have long expressed the need for increasingly fast chromatographic separations. The pharmaceutical industry, for example, has a growing need for high-throughput methodologies in order to accelerate the discovery and development of new chemical entities. Analytical toxicology labs require fast, robust methods for routine analysis of many clinical and forensic samples. As biomedical researchers increase the need for in-depth proteomic and metabolomic analysis of complex biological systems, rapid separations-based techniques will be central to advancing this field. Progress in these areas and others has advanced in parallel with improvements to LC column technology, especially as it relates smaller packing materials, over the past several decades. Arguably the most impactful result of the steady reduction in the size of chromatographic stationary phase supports is faster LC, run at higher mobile phase velocities without the significant losses in efficiency that are observed on columns packed with larger diameter particles. This improvement in chromatographic speed due to smaller particless necessitated the development of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrumentation, with typical pressure limits of 1000-1500 bar, because both the use of smaller particles and higher mobile phase velocities require higher pressures than achievable with traditional HPLC instruments limited to 400 bar. It has been over twenty years since the first demonstration of capillary UHPLC and over fifteen years since the release of the first commercial UHPLC platform. Since that time, there has been a sharp increase in the use of UHPLC for analytical separations, with continuing trends toward higher speed and higher performance.