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Apelin as a nociceptive processes regulator

The aim of this paper is to characterize the biologically active peptide – apelin, and its previously identified APJ receptor. Gene and protein expression of apelin/APJ system has been detected in many tissues and organs of the body such as: adipose tissue, stomach, liver, pancreas, heart, lungs, uterus, ovaries, brain or spinal cord. The results of recently published papers show the role of the apelin/APJ system in numerous physiological and pathological processes in the body, including nociceptive processes. This paper discusses the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the apelin/APJ system, with particular emphasis on its role in inflammatory and neuropathic pain, as well as in the effectiveness of opioids. In addition, the clinical aspect of this system in pain processes is presented.