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Effect of Cholesterol Loading on the Translocation of Cholesterol between the Intracellular Pool and the Cell Surface Pool

Foam cells are derived from monocytes-macrophages. Thus, an understanding of cholesterol loading and its effect on the cholesterol metabolism of macrophages is crucial to unraveling atherogenic processes. Synthesized de novo from acetate, cholesterol enters the “intracellular pool” which is then translocated by a vesicular transport system to the “cell surface pool.” In nonloaded macrophages, amounts of cholesteryl esters are negligible (<1%) and >90% of cellular cholesterol is accounted for by the “cell surface pool.” Upon cholesterol leading, cholesteryl ester accumulation occurs in the “intracelMar pool” and is associated with the activation of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT). It has been shown in nonloaded cells that cholesterol translocation occurs exclusively from the intracellular pool to the cell surface pool.’ However, recent experiments showed that cholesterol loading with acetyl-LDL induced cholesterol translocation from the “cell surface pool” to the “intracellular pool” to be converted to cholesteryl esters.* This possibility was tested in the present study with rat peritoneal macrophages.