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THE CHALLENGE OF CULTURAL HETEROGENEITY TO EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The term culture is, as we know, a contested concept, and needs explication. Culture is not genetically determined (“in one’s blood”), but is acquired knowledge, learned patterns of behaviour, attitudes, values, expectations, rituals and rules, a sense of identity and of history, or, to use a dictionary definition: it is “the totality of socially transmitted behaviour patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a community or population.” (Reader’s Digest Universal Dictionary, 1988:382). People from different cultural backgrounds thus have different conceptions about many phenomena, such as work, leisure, time, religion, the role of men, women and children in society, sexual practices, food, dress, and so forth. Cultural differences can constitute serious differences between communities.