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Smell detection could be traced in fNIRS signals recorded from the forehead

Objective assessment of olfactory function has diagnostic and legal value. We have designed an odor detection task in which the subject reported the conscious sensing of an odorant via a button press while the hemodynamic activity from the forehead was monitored using a 4-channel fNIRS system. The task consisted of intermingled odor and non-odor trials. We recorded from 17 subjects and each of them underwent 60 trials. The time domain analysis of the raw data showed that the hemodynamic activity was statistically different between the odor and non-odor trials especially for oxyhemoglobin in far channels. In order to single out the odor-induced hemodynamic response from that of motor activity, finger tapping was considered as a control condition for odor detection. Pairwise correlation indicated that motor activity had a short lasting influence on hemodynamic response while the hemodynamic response to different odors were highly correlated over time. In conclusion, we believe that fNIRS monitoring of hemodynamic response could be potentially used for objective assessment of odor detection in cases that subjective report is unreliable.