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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuates muscle atrophy in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat

Diabetes mellitus leads to muscle atrophy, and inflammation especially in the fast fibers of skeletal muscles. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has anti‐inflammatory properties and reduces the inflammation in tissues. Therefore, we examined the effect of HBO on muscle atrophy in the plantaris muscles of diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, diabetes group and diabetes plus HBO group. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (i.v., 100–140 mg/kg). Diabetes plus HBO group were exposed to 1.25 atmospheric pressure with 36 % oxygen concentration for three hours a day for 8 weeks. Blood glucose level was significantly higher in both diabetes groups than control group. The muscle mass and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the fast fibers in the skeletal muscle were also significantly lower in both diabetes groups than control group. Meanwhile, the muscle mass and CSA of the fast fibers in the skeletal muscle of diabetes plus HBO group were significantly higher compared to those in diabetes group. These results indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy would exert anti‐inflammatory properties and attenuate muscle atrophy in diabetes.