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Differentiation among Egyptian Bacillus thuringiensis Strains at Sporulation by Whole Cellular Protein Profiles

2 Abstract: Nine of gram-positive and spore forming bacilli bacteria, showing the presence of parasporal crystals, were isolated from different Governorates of Egypt. All bacterial strains were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) according to bioassay, against first and second instars larvae of Spodoptera littoralis, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Nine of Bt strains as well as one strain of this species Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. (Dipel 2X) were used in this study. All Bt strains as well as reference strain had the toxicity to insect larvae, where the percentages of mortality were in the range of 47.5- 100.0 % and 25.0 -100.0 % against first and second instars larvae, respectively. The percentages of larvae mortality caused by solubilized crystal toxins against first instar larvae of S. littoralis were in the range of 2.5- 98.0%. The best percentage of mortality was obtained with solubilized crystal toxins at concentration of 200 ppm of toxins, where the percentages of mortality were in the range of 55.0- 98 %. Quantitative analysis of protein by spectrophotometer showed that amount of proteins was differenced in crystal-spore mixture of the tested Bt strains. Qualitative analysis of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the basis of molecular masses of proteins showed that the protein profiles of Bt strains could distinguish into three main protein groups. The group (I) the proteins of low molecular masses of 28 -58 KDa, group (II) the proteins of moderate molecular masses of 60- 80 KDa and group (III) the proteins of high molecular masses of 125-150 KDa. Results revealed that the protein profiles of isolated Bt strains as well as reference strain were similar in proteins in the range of 28- 58 KDa, while the differentiation are clear in proteins in the range of 60- 80 KDa and 125- 150 KDa. The similarity levels among Bt strains were in the range of 0.48 (48%) to 0.81 (81%).