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CARDINAL roles in apoptosis and NFkappaB activation.

Numerous proteins containing the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) have now been identified. While certain CARD-containing proteins are involved in caspase activation in the context of apoptosis, many others participate in NFkappaB signaling pathways associated with innate or adaptive immune responses. Here, we discuss the CARD-containing proteins that have been implicated as participants in immune response signaling pathways that culminate in NFkappaB activation.