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Smoking and sugar intake in ulcerative colitis: a case‐control study

Objective Previous studies have consistently found strong negative associations between smoking and ulcerative colitis [1–12]. Although earlier studies of sugar intake and ulcerative colitis found no association, it is possible that the relationship between sugar and ulcerative colitis could have been masked by the strong connection between this disease and non-smoking. Design Case-control study examining the association between smoking and sugar intake in 82 patients and 111 controls. Results Overall, there was no association between smoking and added sugar intake. After adjusting for smoking, there was no association between added sugar and ulcerative colitis, with the relative risk for no sugar compared with added sugar being 1.4 (0.70–2.9). After adjusting for added sugar, smoking was negatively associated with ulcerative colitis, the relative risk being 0.18 (0.07–0.50). The relative risk for ex-smokers was 1.8 (0.51–6.2) compared with non-smokers. No association between ulcerative colitis and added sugar was evident in smokers when added sugar was stratified by smoking status. In ex-smokers, however, a significant association was found in relation to disease risk (3.1; 1.1–10.5). Conclusions These findings confirm the inverse association between smoking and ulcerative colitis. Overall, there was no significant association between added sugar and ulcerative colitis.