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CLADISTIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF HAWAIIAN PIPUNCULIDAE (DIPTERA) REVISITED

Abstract — Pipunculidae (Diptera) of the Hawaiian islands belong to the endemichawaiiensissubgroup of the subgenusCephalops(Semicephalops). In total 36 species are known from the Hawaiian islands. Cladistic analysis of 31 species, using 21 morphological characters from the male terminalia, resulted in 480 equally parsimonious trees. Three rounds of successive weighting resulted in 610 equally parsimonious trees. A biogeographic analysis was carried out, using the three‐area statement technique and based on the strict consensus tree produced from the tree set obtained by successive weighting. The analysis puts the sequence of the island groups in congruence with the geological history of the islands. The results of the cladistic and biogeographic analyses were compared with earlier similar analyses.