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Sweetening the Heavy Georgian Tongue

There is a manuscript of Jāmī’s Haft awrang (Seven Thrones), the seven narrative and didactic texts that constitute the poet’s major literary output, in the Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts in the Republic of Georgia.* The paper is thick and gilded. The body of the text is in black ink and the titles are inscribed in bright red ink. This manuscript is stored in a case covered with leather, of Georgian manufacture. Joining thousands of Persian manuscripts that circulated within Georgian borders from the twelfth to the eighteenth centuries, and the hundreds of manuscripts of Jāmī’s works that have traversed the Caucasus, this Haft awrang is dated 1021/1613.1 Like the other manuscripts with which it is stored, this Haft awrang circulated at a time when Persian was the major literary language for Georgia’s elite, a status it held until the end of the eighteenth century.2 While it is not the case that every Georgian spoke Persian, the migrations from Georgia to Iran that proliferated under Safavid dominion (907–1135/1501– 1722) contributed immeasurably to the Persianization of Georgian literature. Under the reign of Shāh ʿAbbās I (993–1038/1587–1629), the practice of using Georgians as military and domestic slaves replaced the earlier Safavid institutional reliance on the Qizilbash, a tribe of Turkoman origin. With the trend towards increasing institutional reliance on Georgian slaves, “the slave chapter