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Obesity and cortisol: New perspectives on an old theme

In particular, abdominal obesity is often complicated by metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, collectively grouped into the term metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS ultimately leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide (World Health Organization, 2012). An imbalance between energy (food) intake and energy expenditure is currently regarded as the major cause of obesity, with multiple contributing environmental and genetic factors. However, evidence is now mounting that cortisol is a key player in this pandemic.