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A Formula for Simply Estimating Body Core Temperature Rise in Humans Due to Microwave Exposures

Biological effects due to RF whole-body exposure can be caused by core temperature rise. According to safety guidelines, therefore, whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBA-SAR) is being used as a metric for human protection. The threshold level causing thermal effects was determined based on animal experimental results. In order to investigate the relationship between WBA-SAR and core temperature rise, we previously calculated SARs and the temperature rises in humans for microwave exposure with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. However, theoretical solution or a closed formula for predicting core temperature rise is essential for further understanding the relationship. In the present study, we derived a formula for simply predicting core temperature rise in human for whole-body microwave exposure. As a result, we found that core temperature rises are in reasonable agreement between the results from the formula and FDTD computation. We also clarified the main factors influencing the core temperature rise as the body surface area-to-weight ratio and sweating rate, together with an applicable range of the formula.