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Photosynthesis, Productivity, and Mineral Content of Winter Radishes by Soil Type on Jeju Island

The photosynthesis, productivity, and mineral composition of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Backer) cultured in different types of soil on Jeju Island were investigated to evaluate soil-crop system management, with the goal of increasing the productivity and yield of high-quality crops. Vegetative growth, including the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, shoot length, leaf area, and root length and diameter, was greater; the soluble solid content of the root was high; and the root hardness was low in very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS) compared with radishes grown in black volcanic ash soil (BS) or dark-brown nonvolcanic ash soil (DBS). The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II yielded stable values of 0.8 or more in the three soil types, and the SPAD values did not differ significantly. The maximum photosynthetic rate (A) was higher in VDBS (15.9 μmol CO2·m ·s) compared with BS (11.1 μmol CO2·m ·s) and DBS (9.7 μmol CO2·m ·s). These results suggest that VDBS favors the growth of radish crops. However, the T-N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents were higher in the shoots and roots of radishes grown in DBS compared with BS or VDBS, suggesting that although the roots are small and hard, radishes grown in DBS have high nutritional quality and maintain hight guality during storage. Additional key words: Mineral composition, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, photosynthetic rate, Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Backer, soil-crop system management, vegetative growth, very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS)