{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01946787800129786, 'fraction_numerical': 0.016223231667748216, 'mean_word_length': 5.094861660079052, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Histopathological and biochemical changes in lung tissues of rats following administration of fluoride over several generations

The possible effects of multigenerational administration of sodium ﬂuoride (NaF) via drinking water on lung tissue morphology and biochemistry and body and lung weight were investigated in second‐generation adult male rats. For this purpose we selected 45 Albino adult Wistar rats in nine cages, each of which consisted of four females and one male. Twenty‐eight pregnant rats were selected for the experiment, divided into four groups of seven rats given 1 (control group), 10, 50 and 100 mg l−1 NaF in drinking water during the gestation period. After gestation the rats had 165 pups in total. The mothers received ﬂuoridated water during the lactation period and the offspring of the ﬁrst generation had access to ﬂuoridated water during the suckling period (21 days) and after the weaning period (30 days) until they became mature and at the start of the second part of the experiment. During this time 23 pups died and 79 female and 63 male ﬁrst‐generation rats survived. These ﬁrst‐generation rats were then used to obtain the second‐generation offspring in the same manner as before, which were subjected to the same treatments. At the end of 6 months the rats were sacriﬁced and autopsied. Serum ﬂuoride levels and the activities of principal antioxidant enzymes were determined in lung tissue samples taken from all groups. In addition, the lung tissues were submitted for histopathological examination.