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White Goose Bumps All Over the Body: Answer

DISCUSSION In 1968, Hitch and Lund described an eruption consisting of “firm follicular irregularly-shaped papules, frequently pierced by a hair resembling cutis anserine” on the torso, neck, and proximal extremities, in a (Fig. 1) young black man.1 No history of atopy was reported. Histopathologically, the disorder is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate within the follicular infundibulum and infundibular spongiosis. Occasional neutrophils, slight proliferation of fibroblasts, and melanophages may be observed. Variable hyperkeratosis in the upper part of the ostium is described. Regarding the broad distribution of the lesions, the recurrent course, and the involvement of the infundibula, the authors named this entity DRIF.1,2 Generally, disseminate distribution is observed; however, lesions can be isolated to the neck as well.3 Some authors propose the name of “disseminate and persistent infundibulofolliculitis” to emphasize the persistency of lesions in some patients.4 The disorder is present mainly in young black men. It has been rarely described in women3 and other races.5 The validity of DRIF as a separate entity has been questioned, considering it as a variant of atopic dermatitis.6 Because it has such a distinctive clinicopathological picture and is usually unresponsive to topical steroids, it has been finally accepted as an entity.7 The main histopathological differential diagnoses include keratosis pilaris, atopic dermatitis (follicular eczema), lichen nitidus (including the spinous follicular variant), lichen spinulosus, Fox–Fordyce disease (also known as apocrine miliaria), lichen planopilaris and eosinophilic folliculitis. Clinically, DRIF may resemble juxtaclavicular beaded lines that consists of papules arranged along skin tension lines in the supraand subclavicular region; however, the histopathologic picture is different, showing hyperplastic sebaceous glands.8 Atopic dermatitis presents clinically with erythematous scaly papules and plaques with varying location depending on the age of the patient; a variant with follicular lesions (follicular eczema) is described and shows histopathologically spongiosis of the follicular infundibulum and lymphocytic exocytosis that may be associated with acanthosis and focal parakeratosis of the adjacent epidermis.9 On clinical grounds, however, it may be distinguished from DRIF. Unlike follicular eczema, DRIF does not show any seasonal influence nor is there any association with atopy. In addition, follicular eczema usually responds well to topical steroid therapy, whereas DRIF is commonly unresponsive to therapy. Keratosis pilaris is a common condition, usually associated with atopic dermatitis. It is characterized by a keratin plug within hair follicles and a sparse lymphocytic infiltrate within the dermis adjacent to the follicular infundibulum. The histopathological picture is similar to DRIF and some authors consider it the same entity. However, keratosis pilaris has other predilections sites, shows no or only little follicular spongiosis and less inflammation. A keratin plug is not FIGURE 1. A, Disseminate eruption of small, white pinpoint papules on the trunk in a 34-year-old man. B, Close-up reveals follicular bound white papules coalescing into larger white plaques.