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Population prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities. Results of WAW-KARD study.

BACKGROUND
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a very important instrument for the heart disease diagnosis, both in clinic, as well as in epidemiological studies.


AIM
To evaluate ECG abnormalities in adult residents of Warsaw, and to determine the time trends of ECG abnormalities between years 1984-2012.


METHODS
1081 individuals aged 20+ were examined in years 2011-2012. All of them had resting ECG, later coded using Minnesota code. To determine time trends we additionally used the ECG data set from Pol-MONICA studies.


RESULTS
The normal ECG was found in more than one third of individuals, and if we ignored the heart rate as an only abnormality in a half of them (in young persons 44% and 69,8% and in asymptomatic individuals 45,9% and 68,1%). The most prevalent abnormality in men were intra-ventricular conduction disturbances, and in women ST segment depression and negative T wave changes (repolarization changes). QRS axis deviation and the high R amplitude wave were significantly more often observed in men compared to women. The frequency of ECG abnormalities and simultaneous occurrence of several ECG changes raised with age of persons.


CONCLUSIONS
Only one third of adult residents of Warsaw had normal ECG, and about a half of both young and asymptomatic individuals. The most often observed ECG abnormalities in men were intra-ventricular conduction disturbances, and ST segment depression and negative T wave changes in case of women. Atrial fibrillation was the most prevalent arrhythmia. We did not found statistically significant time trends for repolarization changes, conduction disturbances and arrhythmia.