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Pleistocene connection between the Nearctic Mediterranean and desert regions in the Sphaeropthalma unicolor species‐complex (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

Abstract.  1. While a growing number of studies have been published investigating the history of diversification of desert‐adapted taxa, little work has been done on the history of diversification of Mediterranean‐adapted and related desert‐adapted species. Here, we investigate the historical biogeographical patterns within and among species of the Sphaeropthalma unicolor species‐complex (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) to determine if the diversification leading to the close relationship between the desert‐adapted and Mediterranean‐adapted species resulted from late Neogene uplift events or Pleistocene climatic fluctuations.