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Wide-swath SAR remote sensing using a multiaperture antenna with waveform diversity

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a well-proven remote-sensing technique; however, current single-antenna SAR systems cannot fulfil the increasing demands for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging. This paper proposes a multiaperture antenna with waveform diversity for wide-swath remote sensing. This approach employs a multiple-transmit multiple-receive antenna configuration in elevation and an orthogonal transmit waveform. In this way, multiple pairs of virtual beams directed to different subswaths can then be formed simultaneously. Equivalently, a large swath can be obtained. Furthermore, orthogonal frequency diversion multiplexing (OFDM) linearly frequency modulated (LFM) waveform and beamforming on reception are employed in this paper. The system scheme, signal model, processing algorithm, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and ambiguity-to-signal ratio (ASR) performance, including both azimuth and range dimensions, are investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain an improved range ambiguity suppression, thus enabling a wider swath for remote sensing.