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Growth of Seeded and Seedless Pistachio Nuts1


As with most other drupe fruits, curves representing growth in length and diameter of seeded pistachio nuts reveal 3 distinct periods, 2 cycles of rapid growth separated by 1 of slow growth. Growth curves of seedless pistachios, however, are similar to those of almond (a dry drupe) in which a rapid growth phase is followed by one of inconsequential growth. Embryo development in the pistachio is delayed longer than in other drupes; it is not evident macroscopically until about 30 days after completion of the initial period of pericarp growth. Seedlessness, the symptoms of which are not manifest until after most pericarp growth has occurred, frequently appears to be associated with necrosis of the apical portion of the funiculus supporting the seed, and consequent seed abortion.