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Heterologous induction of a predicted promoter sequence for paraquat-inducible genes of Chromobacterium violaceum in response to paraquat compound.

(With 1 Figure)The Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, free-living betaproteobacterium that dominates a variety of ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions. Notably, several refined mechanisms related to remarkable and exploitable adaptability have been revealed in the genome prospecting of this bacterium, including biological responses to oxidative stress by predicting of paraquat-inducible proteins ( Brazilian National Genome Project Consortium, 2003). In the cited study, two open reading frames (ORFs) for paraquat-inducible proteins were identified during genome annotation analyses of C. violaceum ATCC 12472, demonstrating a high similarity to sequences of paraquat-inducible genes ( pqi genes) previously characterized in the Escherichia coli bacterium ( Farr and Kogoma, 1991 ). The paraquat-inducible genes are drastically modulated by acting of several oxidizing agents, unleashing a complex cellular response to oxidative stress in a great variety of bacterial strains to minimize deleterious effects of the superoxide radical-generating compounds on the maintenance of the cellular homeostasis (Hungria et al., 2004). Thus, the purpose of the present study was to functionally evaluate the influence of the paraquat compound on the heterologous induction of the predicted promoter sequence for paraquat-inducible genes revealed during genome annotation analyses of the C. violaceum bacterium.Initially, specific primers were designed by using computational program (http://www.idtdncom/SciTools/SciTools.aspx) to flank target sites situated between ORFs CV2550 and CV2551, corresponding to the promoter sequence of paraquat-inducible genes predicted during C. violaceum genome annotation analyses. Sequences of the forward (5’–CGT