{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04098765432098765, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007407407407407408, 'mean_word_length': 5.6644736842105265, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Syntheses, Characterization and Biological Activity of Coordination Compounds of
Propanedioic Acid and its Mixed Ligand Complexes with N,N'-Dihydroxy-2,3-butanediimine

The coordination compounds of propanedioic acid with cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) ions were
synthesized using metal:ligand 1:2. In addition to this, mixed ligand complexes using the same metal
ions with propanedioic acid as the primary ligand and N,N'-dihydroxy-2,3-butanediimine as the
secondary ligand were also synthesized using M:L1:L2 (1:1:1) where L1 = propanedioic acid, L2 =
N,N'-dihydroxy-2,3-butanediimine and M = Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). The synthesized compounds
were characterized using FTIR, UV-vis, magnetic susceptibility measurement and percentage metal
composition. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested for their cytotoxic and antibacterial
activities. Results indicated that a dimeric square planar geometry was assumed by the cobalt(II) and
nickel(II) propanedioic acid complexes. Octahedral geometry was proposed for both cobalt(II) and
copper(II) mixed ligand complexes. A dinuclear square pyramidal geometry was suggested for the
copper(II) propanedioic acid complex and square planar/octahedral geometry for the nickel(II) mixed
ligand complex. The copper(II) propanedioic acid complex elicited the best cytotoxic activity. On the
other hand, the nickel(II) propanedioic acid complex showed the remarkable antimicrobial activity.
The compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity in most of the cases with the exception of the
cobalt(II) propanedioic acid complex. It was concluded that coordination of the ligands to the metal
ions lowered the toxicity of the ligands. It was further concluded that the antimicrobial activity of the
compounds was partly dependent on the synergism/additive effect of the intrinsic therapeutic properties
of the metal ion and the ligands within the coordination sphere of the complexes synthesized. And this
is also in part a function of the geometry assumed by the complexes.