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Social Democracy and Rational Workers

During the twentieth century most socialist parties in Western societies have adopted electoral, instead of revolutionary, means to achieve their aims. This electoral strategy has been controversial. What tactics are appropriate and do they compromise the party's socialist aims? With what social groups or classes should socialist parties form coalition? Can socialist policies achieve sufficient support in the electoral arena? Will elections provide enough power for social democratic economic and redistributive policies to be implemented successfully? Many criticisms of electoral social democracy are developed in the work of Adam Przeworski. Przeworski argues that socialist parties were unlikely to win elections and that to gain votes they would have to reduce their class appeal significantly. If they did achieve office, such parties would be unable to manage the economy in a socialist fashion successfully because of the pressures from business interests mobilized against them. In subsequent work, Przeworski develops and expands these themes. With Michael Wallerstein, he contends that workers are rational in supporting capitalism over socialism. They are opting for the system best able to meet their material needs. In Paper Stones, Przeworski and John Sprague present a statistical argument of the inbuilt limits which socialists confront but cannot overcome in the electoral arena. Przeworski's analysis is presented in rational choice language. This style is now referred to as 'rational choice' or 'analytical' Marxism. From amongst these analytical Marxists it is Przeworski who applies its tools to the dilemma of electoral socialism. The postulates of rational choice theory underpin Przeworski's analysis of the behaviour of the principal actors in capitalist systems. The actions of capitalists, workers and social democratic parties follow from the