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'Opening up the Country'? Patterns of Circulation and Politics of Communication in Early Colonial Orissa

The nineteenth century idea of self-sufficient ’village republics’ was a mainstay of Eurocentric conceptions of pre-colonial India as a stagnant ’civilization’ without history. The discovery of astounding levels of circulation that involved large segments of South Asian societies in the period preceding the rise of colonialism has rendered this idea untenable. This is no small achievement of South Asia’s social