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Influence of Invertebrate Feeding on the Lichen Cladonia pocillum

Using scanning electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that moth larvae consumed upper cortex and algal layers of the lichen Cladonia pocillum, but not the medulla. Feeding usually occurred on primary squamules leaving podetia intact. Decrease in the algal complement of squamules was confirmed by significantly lower chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids. Decreased F v /F m in consumed squamules showed that the status of photosystem II was also altered. However chlorophyll a/b and the integrity of chlorophyll a were not changed significantly. Respiration, as indicated by dehydrogenase activity of the mycobiont hyphae in medulla, was not changed by feeding. The presence of fumarprotocetaric acid in the medulla was confirmed using TLC. Although fumarprotocetraric acid is considered an antiherbivore compound, it does not provide total protection for C. pocillum, as it is located only in medullar hyphae.