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Increasing Recovery Rates in Russia's Oil Fields

Oil and gas now account for more than 65 percent of international consumption of primary energy. More than 3 billion tonnes of crude oil are produced and consumed in the world each year. According to forecasts, worldwide oil production should double in ten to fifteen years. Meanwhile, in 2000–2004 world oil production increased at a slower rate than oil consumption (7.1 and 7.5 percent, respectively). In Russia, the oil and gas complex (OGC) accounts for more than 20 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), more than 40 percent of the federal budget, and 50 percent of Russian exports. More than 2 million people are employed in the OGC, and they produce about 30 percent of the country’s industrial output. About 40 percent of industrial enterprises are concentrated in the OGC, and 13 percent of fixed assets at their book value. The trend seen in recent years toward an increase in oil production indicates that the oil sector is beginning to overcome the crisis caused by problems of the transition period (see Figure 1). While more than 240 companies are now working on the development of oil and gas fields in Russia, 12 vertically integrated oil companies, including Gazprom, account for more than 90 percent of the total volume. In all,