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The influence of mesoscale topography on the stability and growth rates of a two-layer model of the open ocean

Abstract The influence of mesoscale topography on the baroclinic instability of a two-layer model of the open ocean is considered. For westward velocities in the top layer (U), and for a sinusoidal topography independent of x or longitude (a cross-stream topography), the critical value of U (Uc ) leading to instability is the same as when there is no topography. The wavelength of the unstable perturbation corresponding to U c is shortened. For a given wavevector (k) of the perturbation the system becomes stable (as also in the absence of topography) for large values of |U|. The minimum value of the shear leading to stability is, however, significantly reduced by the topography. For sufficiently large values of the height of the topographic features, instabilities appear which are localized within a narrow range of the shear. These instabilities are studied for a topography that depends both on x and y. For a cross-stream topography the growth rates are somewhat smaller than those without topography and th...