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Effect of dietary supplementation with white button mushroom on immune function of C57BL mice

Mushrooms have been shown to possess anti‐tumor, anti‐viral, and antibacterial properties. These effects of mushrooms are suggested to be due to their ability to modulate immune cell functions. However, no information is available on the effect of dietary intake of white mushrooms, which represent 90% of mushrooms consumed in the US, on immune function. In this study, we investigated the effect of pair‐feeding C57BL mice diets containing 0%, 2%, or 10% (w/w) of white mushroom powder for 10 weeks on indicators of innate and cell‐mediated immunity. Results showed that supplementing the diet with mushroom powder dose‐dependently enhanced splenocyte natural killer (NK) cell activity, and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and TNF‐α production. There was a significant correlation between NK activity and IFN‐γ production. Furthermore, it tended to increase interleukin (IL)‐2 production while having no effect on IL‐10 production by splenocytes, suggesting a shift toward T helper (Th)‐1 type responses. Mushroom supplementation had no significant effect on macrophage production of IL‐6, TNF‐α, prostaglandin E2, and H2O2, nor did it affect the percentage of total T cells, Th cells, cytotoxic/suppressive T cells, regulatory T cells, total B cells, macrophages, and NK cells in spleen. In addition, mushroom supplementation tended to dose‐dependently enhance T cell and B cell proliferation but the differences did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that increased intake of white button mushrooms may promote innate immunity against viral infections and tumors through enhancing NK activity, INF‐γ and TNF‐α production.