{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.022896039603960396, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0006188118811881188, 'mean_word_length': 5.366141732283465, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Performance evaluation on modified AODV protocols

Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one of reactive routing protocol in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) and many variants are developed based on modifying this protocol. Purposes of modification were mostly related to security and performance improvement, yet the additional processes being introduced in the modification could incur overheads to the modified AODV. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate some of the modified AODV protocols performance by examining their effectiveness in alleviating the black hole attack and further examining the effect of mitigation methods used on overhead. The performance analysis focuses on two conditions, i.e. no-attack and under-attack. Three modified AODV protocols were studied, namely idsAODV, HDAODV and EAODV, and a new modified protocol is proposed. Using NS-2 network simulator, the performance of these protocols under no-attack and under-attack scenarios were collected and analyzed. Simulations were conducted by varying the pause times in random waypoint mobility model. The performance results are presented using comparative analysis based on different performance matrices such as throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, End-to-end delay, Network Routing Load and Energy usage. The results show that the three modified AODV protocols give positive effect to network performance in both conditions - under-attack and no-attack environment. EAODV protocol outperforms other modified protocols with highest network performance, but with longer delay and higher energy usage than the other modified protocols.