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Detection of Brucella immunoglobulin G among high risk group: Significance in the diagnosis and follow-up

Introduction: Human brucellosis is clinically indistinguishable from other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid, leptospira, and malaria. Laboratory diagnosis remains a mainstay in the diagnosis of brucellosis. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of brucellosis among high risk group by Brucella immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing to assess the magnitude of the problem. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 blood samples collected from high risk group, another 130 samples from general population as control group were tested for Brucella IgG ELISA using smooth-lipopolysaccharide antigen. Results: Among the 130 high risk group, 19 (15%) were positive for Brucella IgG antibody. The duration of exposure of more than 25 years was observed in 10 (53%) seropositive cases. 21 (16%) handled Brucella vaccine for animals. Of this, 13 were seropositive for Brucella IgG. Among the 130 control group, none were positive for Brucella IgG antibody. Conclusion: Since vaccine is not available for human, awareness of transmission of brucellosis, vaccination of livestock, protective measures like barrier protection, while handling animal vaccines and isolation of infected animals can reduce the prevalence.