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Measurements of the energy and angular distribution of secondary electrons.

BEATY, E. C. Measurements of the Energy and Angular Distribution of Secondary Electrons. Radiat. Res. 64, 70-79 (1975). Measurements have been made of the distribution in energy and angle of secondary electrons from ionizing collisions of electrons with several atoms and molecules. Such data have been published for a wide range of the relevant variables. Some of these measurements have now been repeated in other laboratories. Some recent interpretive efforts also reveal trends in the data that were not previously apparent. A few years ago I authored with W. K. Peterson and C. B. Opal a series of papers reporting extensive data on the distribution over energy and angle of secondary electrons ejected from atoms and molecules by moderately high energy primary electrons (1-4).2 Ref. (1) contains a tabulation of the experimental data, and detailed statements concerning the data handling. These same data were very widely circulated previously as JILA Report No. 108. The other references contain fragments of these data together with more detailed analysis of the experimental uncertainties and additional interpretation of the data. In this paper I wish to review some of the new information that bears on the interpretation or reliability of these data. First, I will review the data and how they were obtained. A small beam of electrons (of energy T) was passed through a gas sample and an electron energy analyzer and counter was set to examine a limited region of interaction of the electron beam and the gas. The analyzer transmitted only those electrons that entered its aperture with a kinetic energy in a relatively small range. By selecting the potentials applied to the analyzer we were able to select the energy band E, which was transmitted and counted. The angle 0 between the electron beam and the axis of the analyzer could be varied by moving the electron gun. The primary data recorded consisted of a tabulation of the count rate as T, E,, and 0 were varied. The count rates were converted to absolute cross sections using data