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Deictic object reference in task-oriented dialogue

This chapter presents an original approach towards a detailed understanding of the usage of pointing gestures accompanying referring expressions. This effort is undertaken in the context of human-machine interaction integrating empirical studies, theory of grammar and logics, and simulation techniques. In particular, we take steps to classify the role of pointing in deictic expressions and to model the focussed area of pointing gestures, the so-called pointing cone. This pointing cone serves as a central concept in a formal account of multi-modal integration at the linguistic speech-gesture interface as well as in a computational model of processing multi-modal deictic expressions.