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Induction by genistein of a gene expression profile in mouse NIH3T3-L1 cells indicating conversion of white to beige adipocytes

Protection from obesity is one of several possible health-beneficial actions of the soya isoflavone genistein. We hypothesised that this effect is due to promoting a beige, rather than white, adipocyte phenotype. We thus determined how genistein affected the expression profile of a panel of genes characteristic of white or beige adipocytes in the mouse NIH3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line model. Since protection from obesity is an action also of the dietary polyphenol resveratrol, which can increase Sirt1 expression, we hypothesised also that some of these actions of genistein are mediated through affecting Sirt1 expression and/or activity. Genistein (10–100 μM) was added as a component of the medium used to achieve differentiation of NIH3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. RNA was prepared after 3–12 d and expression of a panel of test genes was measured by RT-qPCR. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured 12 d after inducing differentiation. A low concentration of genistein (10 μM) and/or shorter exposure (3 d) promoted differentiation to white adipocytes, indicated by large fat droplets and expression of adipocyte marker genes at higher levels. However, at higher concentration of genistein (100 μM) and after longer exposure (12 d) cells had smaller fat droplets and lower expression of these genes, coupled with expression of genes characteristic of beige adipocytes at higher levels. Table 1 shows data for expression of white adipocyte marker genes induced by exposure to 10 μM genistein over 8 d. Table 2 shows data for expression of beige adipocyte marker genes induced by exposure to 100 μM genistein over 12 d.