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Effects of thickness of substrate and spacing on growth and yield of Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. under organic-oriented farming

Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. is an annual herb native to wetlands in Vietnam. It is widely cultivated and used as food flavoring, seasoning or culinary herb. While most studies examine the essential oil of Limnophila rugosa, reports of cultivation practices such as substrates and spacing that may enhance the growth and yield of Limnophila rugosa is very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate thickness of the substrate and plant spacing for growth and yield of Limnophila rugosa under organic-oriented farming by using a completely randomized design (CRD) for the experiment. The results indicated that Limnophila rugosa performed the highest number of branches and plant fresh weight when it was grown at the substrate thickness of 20 cm in combination with spacing of 20 × 15 cm. However, the highest absolute yield (6,414.6 kg/1,000 m2) was obtained at a spacing of 20 × 10 cm combined with the substrate thickness of 20 cm.