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Biological Deterioration of Concrete observed in Brazilian Structures

In many cases, the causes of concrete deterioration are not properly determined because the correct techniques are not employed, leading to ineffective restoration of buildings. When the concrete is subjected to chemical and biological attack [1, 2, 3], it is usually necessary to find out the mechanisms involved, which can only be identified with the help of some microstructure techniques. In this paper, the main technique used is the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), with the X-ray spectrometer. Other complementary techniques are: chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential). The results of these analyses are processed using a computer code developed by F.X. Deloyd, "Mineraux" [4, 5], very helpful in the interpretation of the results and in determining which types of deterioration products are present. The use of such techniques allows the detection of the type of solubilizated compounds of concrete and also the presence of microorganisms. This research is just at its beginning. It will be necessary to obtain further results in order to avoid the biodeterioration of concrete.