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Validation of X-Ray Spectra in screening mammography simulated with Monte Carlo

Background: Screening mammography is the examination of reference in the fight against breast cancer because of its sensitivity in detecting microlesions. Thus, it is crucial to ensure a good quality examination with the most suitable dose, requirements will depend on the choice of exposure parameters (anode/filter, tube voltage and current) and the acquisition procedures. To optimize practices, we must understand the relationship between breast dose and image quality. This can be reached by knowing the X-ray energy spectra. This study aims to generate spectra of a mammographic x-ray tube, using two types of targets, Mo and Rh by MONTE CARLO simulation using Gate code (GEANT4). 
Methods: To predict the X-ray spectra for the Mo/Mo and Rh/Rh target/filter of the screening mammography tube; Monte Carlo modelization has been carried out using the GATE code (GEANT4), the generated spectra are validated by comparing them with those of the IPEM report 78. 
Results: The curves of the spectra obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation have been normalized for a reliable comparison. The evaluation of these curves has been performed using a statistical analysis with the student’s t-test. The results show that the energy spectra of the GATE code are in agreement with those produced by the IPEM 78 report, no statistically significant differences have been observed between the IPEM and simulated spectra (p<.05), even though there are slight differences between them, especially in the characteristic intensity of the K-beam and in the low-energy range. 
Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation is a reliable method for generating mammography spectra and can be used as a tool for optimizing acquisition parameters. 
Keywords:  Mammography, Screening, X-ray spectra, Gate, Monte Carlo Simulation, GEANT4, IPEM Report 78, Analysis, Molybdenum, Rhodium