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Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Characteristics of Vocal-tract Model with 3-D Radiation and Wall Impedance

Numerical simulations of acoustic characteristics of vocal-tract model are performed with three-dimensional radiation and wall loss. A method to calculate transfer characteristics suitable for three-dimensional vocal-tract models is proposed. And the simulation results show that the simulation under the lossless condition potentially causes unrealistic result, and wall loss is needed for the three-dimensional simulation.