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Dry Eye in Patients With Fibromyalgia and Its Relevance to Functional and Emotional Status

Purpose: To evaluate dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods: Fifty-three FM patients and 53 age and sex well-matched controls were included in this study. Visual analog scale (VAS), number of tender points, FM impact questionnaire (FIQ), Beck depression scale (BDS), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and tear osmolarity (TO) were assessed. Results: The OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer test, and TO scores of the FM and control groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer test, and TO were higher in FM with high FIQ, and TBUT and TO were higher in FM with high BDS. In FM patients, Schirmer test was correlated with the VAS (r = −0.429, P = 0.001), BDS (r = −0.277, P = 0.044), and FIQ (r = −0.382, P = 0.005), and the TBUT was correlated with the VAS (r = −0.537, P < 0.001), BDS (r = −0.350, P = 0.010), and FIQ (r = −0.456, P = 0.001). In addition, TO was significantly correlated with the VAS (r = 0.681, P < 0.001), BDS (r = 0.661, P < 0.001), and FIQ (r = 0.842, P < 0.001). However, no significant correlation existed between the OSDI and the VAS, BDS, or FIQ. Conclusions: We have revealed an association between FM disease activity and dry eye severity. The consideration of this relation will be useful in the treatment of FM with deteriorated clinical status.