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Integrating Biology and Climate Through Systems Science Genomics and Systems Biology

The genomic and postgenomic eras have provided unprecedented potential to understand plants’, microbes’, and even entire communities’ molecular and cellular responses to global change. Early efforts to apply genomic technologies and concepts to climate change research are already improving our capability to predict organism response to such change. For example, genome-wide analyses of soybean and poplar have revealed that elevated CO2 down-regulates key genes in the octadecanoid pathway—a biosynthetic process producing an impor­ tant defense hormone. Such findings may explain why ecosystems dominated by these plants show increased susceptibility to insect herbivory and delayed canopy senescence. Genomic technologies are now tractable in a wide range of organisms, including important agronomic (e.g., maize and rice) and forest (pine) species. Incorporating these high-throughput “omic” tools into current and emerging global change experiments will accelerate discovery and strengthen the predictive power of this research.