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[TNF-alpha PC-1 gene polymorphisms and pre-diabetes quantitative features in the Polish population].

BACKGROUND
Genetics and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the complex disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two major pathophysiological defects coexist in this disease: impairment of insulin secretion by beta-cells and decreased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. The aim of the study was to examine whether two polymorphisms: the -308 G/A substitution in the promoter region of TNF-alpha gene and the K121Q amino acid variant of the PC-1 gene; influence insulin resistance in individuals with positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


METHODS
Sixty individuals were included into this study: 28 women and 32 men, all of them with normal glucose tolerance. Insulin and glucose serum levels were were assessed during the OGTT on fasting and at 30 and 120 minutes. Secondary indices of insulin resistance were calculated based on these measurements. Genotyping of the both examined polymorphisms was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method (RFLP).


RESULTS
Homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the A allele in position -308 of the TNF-alpha gene promoter showed higher plasma insulin levels at 120 min OGTT versus GG carriers (44.77 microliters/ml; SD 40.4 vs. 26.82; SD 19.9; p = 0.04) and a higher ratio of the 30 min increment in insulin to the 30 min increment in glucose (35.4; SD 21.5 vs. 22.6: SD 21.5; p = 0.03). In addition, homo- and heterozygous carriers of the Q allele at residue 121 of the PC-1 gene showed higher plasma glucose levels at 120 min OGTT compared to the KK subjects (5.38 mmol/l, SD 1.19 vs. 4.48, SD 1.11; p = 0.03).


CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that both examined polymorphisms: the -308 G/A in the promoter region of TNF-alpha and K121Q amino acid variant of the PC-1; influence the development of insulin resistance as a prediabetic quantitative trait in a Polish population.