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Freezing of Water Drops

Abstract Investigations were made of the ice structures, air-bubble size distributions, and heat exchanges of water drops frozen freely-floating in the purified air of a vertical wind tunnel. Drop diameters varied from 1 to 8 mm, air temperature from −1 to −18.5°C; the ice phase was initiated artificially. It was found that the mass of ice in a freezing drop increases linearly with time. Both mean air bubble and crystal sizes decrease in a regular fashion as the air temperature decreases, whereas the bubble concentration increases. Histograms show a preferred tangential orientation of the projections into the plane of observation of the crystallographic hexagonal axis (c′-axes), a preference which weakens as the temperature decreases.