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Velocity and torque profile optimization of electric vehicle including limited overload

This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization methodology for speed and torque trajectories of a light electric vehicle (LEV) traveling on a specific open route. The procedure introduced accounts for speed constraints and various elevation profiles and involves determination of the overload operation tolerances. The LEV under consideration comprises an in-wheel surface mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) motor, dimensioned in terms of cruise efficiency maximization and size minimization. Therefore, the tolerated limited overloading is appropriately managed in order to avoid excessive winding overheat, which could compromise the drivetrain reliability. The proposed technique facilitates the detection of alternative trade-offs between energy and time savings for a predefined track circuit. The method is based on particular segmentation of the itinerary and involves a two step procedure. In a first step speed optimization is performed by tolerating more important overloading while in a second step the torque overload limits per segment are appropriately tuned with respect to the reference mean speed. Simulations based on a LEV dynamic model illustrated significant savings for both trip duration and energy consumption with respect to the classic constant-speed control technique.