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Chronic kidney disease and comorbid diseases of gastrointestinal tract

Nowadays the patient more often has a comorbid pathology. The combinations of two or more chronic diseases, which are either pathologically interlaced or exist simultaneously, may worsen the case of each individual disease. Kidney diseases are often associated with gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, because of the same immunological features of etiology and pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires correction of lifestyle and implementation of control over the physical development in children from the first stages of the disease. CKD C4-C5 leads to unbalance in homeostasis and to increased level of toxic substances in blood, that is why doctors can see changes in different organs and systems especially in gastrointestinal tract. The urinary system and the gastrointestinal tract have a common plan of structure, functioning and regulation. It determines the general mechanisms of etiology and pathogenesis. There is a direct correlation between the stage of CKD and the damage level of the gastrointestinal system. This article covers the pathophysiological mechanisms of digestive system damage in advanced stages of CKD. Special attention is paid to changes in microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. In turn, it affects to systemic inflammation, which is an aggravating factor in course of the CKD and its progression. The emphasis is made on involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in varying degrees in children with CKD C4-C5.