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A Real-Time Blockchain-Based State Estimation System for Battery Energy Storage Systems

The main roles of an advanced Battery Management System (BMS) are to dynamically monitor the battery packs and ensure the efficiency and reliability of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Estimating the State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), State of Power (SoP), State of Energy (SoE), State of Temperature (SoT), and State of Safety (SoS) depends on collecting, aggregating, and analyzing real-time data of the BESS. Based on the applications of BESSs and their sizes, there are several restrictions in accessing and sharing data between battery manufacturers, power grid operators, and electricity consumers, while building necessary communication infrastructure is required. To resolve such issues, a conceptual and technological Blockchain-based system is developed in this paper to securely share the real-time data collected from BESSs for monitoring and control purposes, i.e., state estimation. The proposed system benefits from integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a decentralized structure and connectivity of such IoT nodes, data privacy, and transparency and auditability. The proposed Blockchain-based system is capable of accurately estimating SoC, SoH, SoP, SoE, SoT, and SoS of BESSs in small-and grid-scales.