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Space laser technologies for Earth observations

Development of methods for laser sensing of the Earth from space is of great practical interest. Orbiting laser systems hold the greatest promise in studying parameters of the atmosphere. This paper analyzes methods for spaceborne laser sensing of profiles of aerosol scattering coefficient, which can serve as indicators of natural and anthropogenic catastrophes as well as detectors of light hydrocarbons, whose anomalies indicate oil and gas fields and leakages from oil and gas pipelines. The method of multifrequency elastic scattering is chosen for aerosol measurements, and the method of differential absorption with reflection from the Earth's surface in the IR region is shown to be suitable for the detection of methane.