{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02385008517887564, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.189473684210526, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The slowing of growth in France: an interpretation based on Thirlwall’s law

Abstract In this paper, we evaluate the French balance-of-payments constrained growth rate and we compare it with the effective growth rate. Empirically, we show that France is experiencing, simultaneously to its European integration, a substantial increase in the income elasticity of demand for imports and a collapse in the growth rate of its exports. Within the balance-of-payments constrained growth approach, this twofold negative effect is a major obstacle to true economic recovery and full employment.