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Spontaneous Stereotyping: A Matter of Prejudice?

Abstract In four studies, a new methodology was employed to explore whether both high- and low-prejudiced Whites (Ws) spontaneously stereotype African Americans (AAs). On several computer trials, three behavior descriptions were displayed one at a time beside a photo of a person, after which participants completed a 4-item recognition test for words in the descriptions. On target trials in Studies 1 and 2, one word was an AA-stereotypic trait implied but not seen in a behavior description. As predicted, both high- and low-prejudiced Whites were more likely to report erroneously that they had seen the implied trait when the stereotypic behavior had been displayed beside an AA rather than a W photo, indicating spontaneous stereotyping of AAs. Study 4 replicated this effect in a high cognitive load condition. Nonstereotypic trait inferences were made equally often for Wand AA photos (Study 2), and evidence of spontaneous stereotyping was obtained only when AA photos were paired with stereotypic behaviors (St...