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Aspergillus pneumonia in hematologic malignancy. Improvements in diagnosis and therapy.

Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with leukemia or lymphoma is usually a fatal infection. However, difficulty in obtaining a premortem diagnosis has often prevented an adequate trial of anti-fungal chemotherapy. In this report, nine cases of aspergillus pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancy were diagnosed during a one-year period. Five of nine patients had a premortem diagnosis (56%) and eight of nine (89%) received a premortem trial of amphotericin B. Two of nine patients survived infection, including one patient with prolonged neutropenia. Better diagnostic methods and wider use of antifungal chemotherapy may improve prognosis for aspergillus infection in patients with hematologic malignancy.