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X-ray measurement of residual stress and texture in the welded section and its neighbour

Pole measurement using X-ray diffraction is an established method for the anisotropy of materials. In the microscopic region, anisotropy measurement techniques using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) have also become established. In recent years, it has become possible to measure anisotropy in the microscopic region using a combination of a microfocus tube, X-ray collecting element and twodimensional detector along with X-ray diffraction. In this article, we describe apparatus for making these measurements and an example in which aluminium is bead welded and the crystals, residual stress and crystal texture of the welded section and the neighbouring region are analysed. There is also a description of the changes in the volume fraction and crystal orientation relationship derived from the orientation distribution factor (ODF) at each measurement point.