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Effect of Gradient of the Order Parameter on some Phase Transformations at the Nanometer Scale

Transformations which develop at the nanometer scale can generate sharp gradients of the order parameter. Such gradients can influence the potency of transformations either by suppressing or favoring them. The present work is focused on the treatment, on the basis of non equilibrium thermodynamics, of several examples of transformations where gradients of the order parameter are set up. They concern: - The nanocrystal to glass transition of mechanically driven systems either for supersaturated solid solutions after mechanical alloying or for mechanical grinding of intermetallics. - Nucleation of intermetallics either in glassy metallic layers obtained by solid state reaction or in supersaturated solid solutions generated by interdiffusion between bimetallic layers. - The impeded intermetallic nucleation in the highly supercooled regions of bulk glass forming liquid alloys.