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Ultra-Broadband Dielectric Response of Water and its Aggregation States

The response of water to electromagnetic waves is critical for many areas of science, but it still hides many open questions regarding the microscopic dynamic structure of water, which is yet to be elucidated. Here, the broadband dielectric response of water, ice, heavy water and water vapor is discussed in the extended 0-1015 Hz frequency range, and a unified microscopic interpretation is provided for the main spectral features of all condensed phases of water. A simple analytical equation describing the spectra up to 10 THz is provided. Further questions on the dynamic structure of water are addressed.