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The Lung in the Immunocompromised Host: Diagnostic Methods

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/res Previous articles in this series: 1. Nicod LP: Pulmonary defence mechanisms. Respiration 1999;66:2–11. 2. Baughman RP: The lung in the immunocompromised patient. Infectious complications, part I. Respiration 1999;66:95–109. 3. Tamm M: The lung in the immunocompromised patient. Infectious complications, part 2. Respiration 1999;66:199–207. 4. Cadranel J, Naccache JM, Wislez M, Mayaud C: Pulmonary malignancies in the immunocompromised patient. Respiration 1999;66:289–309. 5. Crawford S: Non-infectious lung diseases in the immunocompromised host. Respiration 1999;66:385–395. Over the past several decades, the number of immunosuppressed patients has become larger and the spectrum of illnesses has broadened and become more complex. Because the lung is a target organ for disease, the types of pulmonary disorders that affect the immunocompromised host (ICH) have also increased. Perhaps no other patient population presents with such a variety of infectious and noninfectious pathologic processes. Often these patients pose significant medical challenges because of difficulties associated with making a specific pulmonary diagnosis. Here we review the armamentarium of procedures available for making pulmonary diagnoses, with emphasis on the specific yield and risk associated with each procedure.