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Spatio-temporal propagation of ultrashort pulses controlled by structured optical elements

We present a method for analyzing and synthesizing structured optical elements (SOE) that control the spatial and temporal characteristics of femtosecond light pulses. These elements utilize the diffraction, refraction, and dispersive effects that appear in the femtosecond regime. Although there are fundamental limitations in the degree of control that is achievable, we show the potential of this technique with two examples: a SOE to improve simultaneously the spatial and temporal resolution of a lens and a SOE to generate ultrafast pulse sequences.