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Swarm dynamics for enhanced energy aware clustering

Energy can be efficiently conserved in WSN through clustering of nodes. As in all shared-medium networks, medium access control (MAC) protocol enables the smooth functioning of the network. An important function of MAC is to prevent the bottle-neck between two nodes sending data simultaneously. Many MAC protocols have been developed for smooth functioning of WSN which includes Berkeley medium access control (BMAC) which utilises minimal power listening as well as a proper preamble for minimal power communication. The main challenge of BMAC is overhearing and power wasting in long preambles. The aim of this work is to cluster BMA protocol using heuristic methods based on river formation dynamics (RFD) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The suggested protocol's performance is evaluated for packet delivery ratio (PDR), end to end delay, hop as well as jitter. The outcome shows that the proposed river PSO cluster BMAC performs better than BMAC with flooding and BMAC with cluster-based routing when compared with static and varying node mobility.