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Effect of culture conditions on conidia production and enhancement of environmental stress resistance of Esteya vermicola in solid‐state fermentation

Esteya vermicola is an endoparasitic fungus producing lunate conidia, which kill pine wood nematode (PWN), and PWN could cause pine wilt disease (PWD). The aims of this study were to increase production and confirm the resistance (temperature and UV irradiation) of lunate conidia, and further determine the effective concentrations of conidia infecting PWN.