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Design and optimization of cross layer scheme: routing and medium access control for throughput in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an intelligent technology that has become popular in wireless networks due to its ability to solve problems such as the underutilization and inefficient utilization of the spectrum. The CR can learn from experience, adapt its internal states and modify its transmission parameters. Radio Frequency is a costly resource, which must be administrated and coordinated wisely in order to plan for future transformations. Cross layer design (CLD) is best characterized as a transformation from the reference design model that does not permit direct communication between non-adjacent layers or the sharing of information. CLD focusses on the system performance enhancement by empowering various layers of the communication stack to share state data or to facilitate cross layer communication to enhance the system performance. Therefore, the idea of CLD must be contrasted with the traditional layered approach. This paper compares the throughput performance of the three schemes; the Cognitive Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector, Cognitive Cross-layer Multipath Probabilistic Routing, and the Optimized Cognitive Cross-layer Multipath Probabilistic Routing of the CLD routing and Media Access Control protocols in Cognitive Radio Networks.