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CORO1A and DNM2 in Serum Exosomes as Biomarkers of Neural Tube Defects


 A highly specific and sensitive biomarker in maternal serology analysis for early diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs) is yet to be determined. Proteomics was utilized to identify novel specific proteins for NTDs and it revealed three differentially expressed proteins in fetal development. In a rat model with NTDs, we quantified proteins in maternal serum exosomes using western blotting on gestational days E18, E16, E14, and E12; in serum on E18 and E12; in neural tubes on E18 and E12; and in fetal neural exosomes on E18. Coronin 1A and Dynamin 2 expressions were exosome-specific and associated with spina bifida aperta embryogenesis and were proved to be downregulated in maternal serum exosomes from E12 to E18, in neural tubes and fetal neural exosomes with statistical difference, and in serum with no difference. Differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed in the serum exosomes of pregnant women during gestational weeks 12–40 using ELISA. Coronin 1A and Dynamin 2 were demonstrated to possess good diagnostic efficacy during gestation weeks 12–40, particularly during early gestation (12–18 weeks), and may be used as potential NTD screening and diagnostic biomarkers during early gestation.