{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02845100105374078, 'fraction_numerical': 0.003161222339304531, 'mean_word_length': 5.462585034013605, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Phagocytosis of Opsonized Yeast Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α mRNA Accumulation and Protein Release by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

In this report we show that phagocytosis of yeast particles opsonized with IgG (Y‐IgG) by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) results in the selective induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) messenger RNA (mRNA) and release of its mature protein. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also found able to induce TNF‐α secretion by PMN, but was a less potent stimulus compared with Y‐lgG. There was no evidence of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene expression in PMN after phagocytosis of Y‐lgG or in response to LPS, whereas IL‐6 mRNA expression and secretion were induced by either stimulus in monocytes. These findings demonstrate that a physiological function such as phagocytosis modulates the gene expression for a cytokine in PMN and shed new light on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process.