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Surface morphological influence on the in vitro bioactivity and response of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract The surface properties of any biological implant are imperative in a cell-material interaction point of view. The current study compared three different surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) samples in terms of adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells. A net-porous nanostructure, randomly arranged nano-wires and micron/submicron-crater like morphologies were on the Ti samples by single step etching with H2O2, NaOH, and HCl solutions, respectively. Although cell proliferation was decreased by the surface modifications described above, osteogenic differentiation was induced in the cells grown on the etched-Ti samples compared to the polished-Ti samples. In particular, osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN) osteogenic phenotype markers induced significantly in the HCl-etched-Ti samples, whereas only OC was induced on the H2O2-etched-Ti and OPN was expressed significantly in the NaOH-etched-Ti sample compared to polished-Ti. In addition, the NaOH-etched-Ti samples showed faster apatite deposition compared to the HCl- and H2O2-etched samples in the simulated body fluid.