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Association of hepatitis B virus infection and glomerulonephritis in a HBV‐endemic area: A population‐based study

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐endemic Taiwan has a very high incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). HBV‐related glomerulonephritis (GN) is usually underdiagnosed due to a lack of pathological confirmation and epidemiology data. This population‐based study aims to investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and GN using the National Health Insurance Research Database. HBV‐infected subjects who were older than 20 years, without hepatitis C virus infection or a diagnosis of ESRD before 2000 were enrolled. The control group included age‐, gender‐, and comorbidity‐matched individuals. A total of 35 746 patients were diagnosed with the aforementioned hepatitis B virus infection from 2000 to 2010, and 597 patients were diagnosed with GN. HBV infection significantly increased the occurrence of GN, even after adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidity status. Incremental year, male gender, and comorbidity status were also independent factors for GN. After stratifying by age, the occurrence of GN is significantly higher for patients aged 20 to 34 and 35 to 49 years. Men with hepatitis B virus infection had a significantly higher association (1.47‐fold) with GN. This study demonstrated that male hepatitis B virus‐infected subjects aged 20 to 49 years have a higher risk of association with GN compared with non‐hepatitis B virus‐infected subjects.