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Immunohistochemical evaluation of cytoplasmically localized prostate-specific antigen expression in prostate cancer cells using computer-based image analysis.

OBJECTIVE
To quantify the densitometric expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in cytoplasm of normal prostate glandular cells and prostate cancer cells of various Gleason's pattern.


STUDY DESIGN
A total of 96 microphotographs showing neoplastic (48) and benign (48) prostatic tissues obtained from 48 patients were included in the study. The specimens were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunostained with anti-PSA antibody and DAB-based detection system. The ImageJ software was used as an image analysis system. With this system the images of glandular tissue were divided into individual cells using the Voronoi tessellation method. The crude and standardized optical densities as well as the basic morphometric features of cells were measured.


RESULTS
There is a strong statistically significant correlation between the value of optical density of anti-PSA immunostained prostate cancer cells and the level of histological differentiation (Gleason's pattern). Gleason pattern 5 cell optical density histogram was bimodal, which means that there are 2 cell populations which are statistically significantly different.


CONCLUSION
The Voronoi tessellation is an effective method for dividing the immunostained images with cytoplasmically-located antigens into single cells.