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Integrated magneto-plasmonics for non-reciprocal optical devices

Integration of optical isolators and circulators has remained for many years a crucial technological issue which makes difficult the insertion of active components in photonic circuits (PICs). More generally, use of non-reciprocal (NR) transmission in photonic systems could considerably enrich possible architectures. The design of optical guided structure with NR functionality requires simultaneous spatial and time-reversal symmetry breakings in the waveguide (WG). Whereas spatial symmetry breaking is easy to obtain by suitable geometrical design, time-symmetry breaking requires non-linear interaction of the propagative wave with the medium. Magneto-optical materials can provide this non-linearity. Especially the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) is well-adapted to guiding configurations and thus to integration in PICs. The main magneto-optical materials exploited for TMOKE induced non-reciprocal transmission at telecom wavelengths are garnet oxides like Bi or Ce substituted Ytrium iron garnets (Bi:YIG, Ce:YIG), and ferromagnetic metals like FeCo.