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Roasting Reduction Kinetics of Low-grade Pyrolusite with the Mixture of Cellulose and Hemicellulose

The reduction kinetics of pyrolusite by cellulose and hemicellulose, and their mixture was investigated by TG/DTG and XRD. The results show that compared with the non-biomass reducing agents, pyrolusite can be reduced below 773 K which is close to that of biomass reducing agents. The respective reduction processes follow the empirical equation α=1-exp{-k0exp(-Ea/RT)[(T-T0)/β]n}, and the apparent activation energy is 38.66 and 30.14 k J/mol for the reduction of pyrolusite by cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively. The reduction kinetics of pyrolusite by the mixture can be described by the summation of the respective kinetics by considering their mass-loss fractions α=Σixiαie(T-T0,i) with Σixi=1, where e(T-T0) is the unit step function to avoid the invalid conversion data.