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Between repetition and variation: a musical performance of malícia in capoeira

ABSTRACT The physical expression of Brazilian capoeira features an intriguing combination of playfulness and aggression that practitioners navigate with malícia—the ability to be deceptive. Expressions of malícia in capoeira include attitudes, utterances or actions devised to confuse, distract or mislead the opponent and onlookers, resulting in an improvement of one’s position during the physical game. This article explores musical structures connected to malícia and argues that in promoting competition between those engaged in the physical game, musicians bring malícia to the foreground of the musical domain. Because capoeira’s music is groove based and patterned at all levels of structure, this study uses periodicity and variation as the main categories of analysis, focusing on how musicians, singers and those playing the physical game manipulate or relate to patterns, variations and tempo at different levels of structure in order to display malícia.