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Polarization effects of diffraction gratings of locally varying depth

Experimental and theoretical results for linear surface- relief grating structures of locally varying depth are presented. The studied gratings result from the superposition of two linear gratings of uniform depth, an example of which is the superposition of two gratings of slightly different k-vectors. The resulting surface profile can exhibit a relatively large-period modulation in profile form and, thus, in diffraction efficiency having especially interesting polarization properties. This periodic variation in diffraction efficiency yields a typical Moire pattern which is seen to alter as the interrogation conditions are varied. For the case of two combined gratings whose individual surface-relief profiles are described by functions f1 and f2, the resultant surface-relief profile is described by f1 + f2. The basis functions f1 and f(subscript 2#/ have periods between 0.5 micrometers and 5 micrometers and uniform depths of several hundred nanometers. The basis functions which we studied include sinusoidal, blazed and rectangular gratings.