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Anti-acne Treatment using Nanotechnology based on Novel Drug Delivery System and Patents on Acne Formulations: A Review.

BACKGROUND
Acne is one of the most infectious diseases that is related to human skin. This disease of acne is with higher prevalence in adults. The main causative organism involved in the acne vulgaris is Propiobacterium acne which leads to sebum production and follicular hyper-keratinization. The scientific data shows inflammatory mediators of genetic factors, stress, physiological factor, androgens, hormonal changes all these factors play major part in the pathophysiology of acne. Several drugs are currently available for the treatment of acne like bactericidal, antibiotic and several others which are directly or indirectly involved in the eradication of acne.


RESULTS
Nanocarrier systems including liposomes, niosomes, microsponges, nano-emulsion and micro-emulsion, microspheres and solid lipid nanoparticles have emerged as successful treatment for acne. In this article, the authors have laid special emphasis on these nanocarriers and the study of various patents based on novel technologies in this field. The entrapment of anti-acne drug molecule into a particular nanocarrier system has shown to enhance patience compliance and reduction in side-effects.


CONCLUSION
The present review article provides an overview about the mechanism, advantages, drawbacks and various patents associated with the nanocarrier systems involved in the acne treatment. Some state of art patented and novel technologies such as stem cell secretion technology, sol gel technology incorporating microcapsules and ultrasound delivery of nanoparticles for acne treatment are also briefly discussed. The patent study on these nanocarriers was done through worldwide database of United States patent office, European patent office and several other official patent information websites.