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Expression of Fas ligand improves the effect of IL‐4 in collagen‐induced arthritis

The present study was aimed at investigating whether the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) by CHO cells transfected with IL‐4 (CHO / IL‐4) or IL‐10 (CHO / IL‐10) genes would improve the effect of the cytokine. DBA / 1 mice immunized with type II collagen were treated with suboptimal doses of transfected CHO cells (a single s.  c. injection of 2 × 105 cells) around onset of arthritis. Severe collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) developed in the control groups injected with PBS, CHO / β‐galactosidase / FasL, CHO / IL‐4 or CHO / IL‐10 cells. In contrast, administration of CHO / IL‐4 / FasL, but not CHO / IL‐10 / FasL, cells significantly reduced the clinical severity and resulted in rapid and sustained suppressive effect. Amelioration of CIA was not due to a prolonged in vivo secretion of IL‐4 since expression of FasL by CHO cells shortened the in vivo survival of the xenogeneic cells. In fact, administration of FasL+ cells was associated with a decreased proportion of Mac1+ neutrophils in the blood and an increased expression of myeloperoxidase at the site of engineered cell engraftment. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of IL‐4 delivered by cells expressing FasL involves the combination of the anti‐inflammatory properties of IL‐4 and the apoptosis of Fas+ Mac1+ granulocytes participating in the pathogenic process.