{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.042328042328042326, 'fraction_numerical': 0.022222222222222223, 'mean_word_length': 5.855072463768116, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 4, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Postoperative pain and pulmonary complications: Comparison of three analgesic regimens

In a prospective study, patients undergoing cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to receive (a) intermittent intramuscular morphine (n = 25), (b) continuous intravenous morphine infusion (n = 25) or (c) epidural bupivacaine (n = 25) for postoperative pain relief. Morphine by intravenous infusion provided comparable pain relief to intermittent intramuscular morphine; there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Patients receiving epidural bupivacaine for 12 h had better analgesia than patients receiving morphine (P <0.001). Arterial oxygen tensions were also significantly higher in the epidural group for the first three postoperative days (P <0.05). Epidural analgesia was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of pulmonary complications (P <0.01) and chest infection (P <0.05).