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Human performance in contingent information-processing tasks.

Theoretical accounts of complex human information-processing behavior have emphasized the utilization of contingencies whereby the processing of some information directs the processing requirements of the remaining sources of uncertainty. The present investigation sought to determine how such flexible processing might be accomplished in a speeded recognition task where the relevancy of a given stimulus dimension was contingent upon the value of the stimulus on some other dimension. These contingent tasks, in which only two of the three dimensions were relevant on any one trial, were performed faster and more accurately than tasks where all three dimensions were relevant on each trial. Moreover, the speed at which a given contingent task could be performed was related to the discriminability of the dimensions that were relevant on that trial. These results provide strong support for a self-terminating, feature-testing, contingent mode of processing. The error data and repetition effects also supported the hypothesis that 5s were employing the contingent relations to achieve a classification of the stimulus. The lack of interactions between discriminability of the relevant dimensions in the contingent tasks and variations in S-R compatibility were consistent with the hypothesis that the contingencies were utilized at some stage prior to response selection.