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To a Question of Effective Management in the Sphere of Land Improvement by Local Government Bodies

Studying of management efficiency from local governments is, as a rule, limited to management efficiency researches at the level of city districts. Questions of ef-ficiency of adoption of administrative decisions by local governments of level of villages and rural territories are still out of the interests of the academic communi-ty. However, social losses from mistakes of local governments at adoption of administrative decisions can be considerable. Experience of effective management on a solution of the problem of improvement of territories by local governments on the basis of a sociological research on studying of satisfaction of activity of local governments is presented in the article. On the example of a sociological re-search in the concrete rural settlement of one of municipal districts of the Tyumen region problems and ways of their decision by local governments are considered. It allows optimizing administrative decisions, increasing effective management of local governments under conditions of the decrease in financing of the settlement, delegating responsibility and participation in improvement not only from local governments, but also from residents of this


INTRODUCTION
It can be said that the issues of efficiency of management activities are facing society since its beginning. In this case, the efficiency is determined most often as a relative characteristic that expresses the results of the control system. The performance indicators may vary in both quantity and quality, but the assessment of the efficiency of social management is particularly difficult because of the diversity of management aspects and, consequently, performance indicators. Social management involves managerial influence from various institutions of society, one of which is the local government bodies.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The problems of the efficiency of management decisions as they are, as well as the effectiveness of management of state bodies and local governments are actively studied by such researchers as: Minakir p. A., Vlasyuk L. I., Goryunov A. P., Dmitriev D. V., Ponedelkov A.V. [7,10,13,17,18], etc. The assessment of the efficiency of social control is discussed in the works of Leonov S. N., Yuzhakov, V. N., Dobrolyubova E. I., Mau V. A., Pokey A. N., Dmitrieva N. E. Styrin E. M., Yastrebova E. V., and Patsiorkovski V. V. [8,9,11,20] etc. It can be noted that a lot of papers of domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to certain aspects of the studied topic. However, the study of the efficiency of governance by local government bodies is generally limited to studies of the effectiveness of governance at the urban district level. The issues of the efficiency of decision-making by local selfgovernment bodies at the "grass-roots" level of villages and towns remain out of consideration. It can be assumed that this situation has been developed due to the small size of the management facilities, small amounts of funding and, consequently, relatively limited economic losses from inefficient management. However, the social losses from the mistakes of local governments in making management decisions can be much higher, which makes this study relevant and significant for scientific purposes.

III. THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
As the example of the search for optimal management decisions on the improvement of the territory and the delegation of responsibility, including making the residents of the settlement responsible, can serve a sociological study in the municipality of the Baikal rural settlement of the Tobolsk municipal district of the Tyumen region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the activities of local authorities on the organization of the improvement of the territory and to identify the attitude of the population to the improvement of the territory of the Baikal rural settlement of the Tobolsk municipal district.

IV. CASE SUMMARIES
The activities of local government bodies are quite strictly regulated by the higher authorities. The legal basis of local self-government are the universally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal constitutional laws, Federal law "On General principles of Organization of Local Self-government" [1], other Federal laws issued in accordance with them, other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, normative legal acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the decisions made at local referendums, and other municipal legal acts.
Currently, due to the unfavorable economic situation, the problems associated with the incompetence of management in various authorities, and, first of all, in local governments, are aggravated.
With sufficient financial injections, unsubstantiated decisions at the local level were perceived by residents in a neutral way, without appearing in protest activity [4,13]. Although in case of the reduction of local government funding, any decision causes discussion and doubts on the part of society about the need for this action [8,21].
As a rule, the particular intensity of disputes is associated with a special area of activity of local governments, namely the improvement of the territory. In the Federal law "On the General Principles of Local Government in the Russian Federation" under the improvement of the territory of the settlement is understood a set of measures for the maintenance of the territory, as well as for the design and placement of improvement of objects aimed at ensuring and improving the living conditions of citizens, maintaining and improving the sanitary [1]. On the one hand, the improvement of the territory of the municipality is one of the most important areas of the municipal economy, as a convenient, comfortable, healthy life of every resident indirectly depends on solving problems of the improvement of the territory. On the other hand, with decreasing budgets, local governments should address the issues of the settlement such as: medical care, heat and electricity, ensuring the availability of education, transport services, etc. (all that is provided by the Federal law No. 131-FZ"On the General Principles of Local Government in the Russian Federation" ). What items of expenditure to reduce in the first place, how to spend the remaining funds, what actions will be positively perceived by the local community-these issues are updated to local authorities in times of economic instability [9].
The problem of effective governance by local authorities comes first.

V. SURVEY
The following main hypotheses were put forward during the research: 1) there are problems in the work of municipal institutions in the improvement of the territory of the municipality .
2) the participation of the population in the improvement activities will make better the condition of the territories of the municipality and increase the level of satisfaction of the population.
The following questions were asked to confirm or refute the hypotheses put forward: 1. Is the ecological state of the territory of a rural settlement important for the inhabitants? 2. What is the assessment of the head of the rural settlement in terms of landscaping (good-unsatisfactory)?
3. What are the changes in the level of landscaping and green areas over the past three years (increased-decreased)?
4. Determine the degree of importance of the direction of improvement of rural settlements (ranking) 5. What would the residents want to change in the improvement of the territory of the rural settlement?
6. Do residents know the rules of improvement of the Baikal rural settlement? 7. Do they comply with the rules of improvement of the territory of the rural settlement? 8. We would like to take part in the activities on the improvement of the territory (involvement of the population) 9. Determine the preferred form of participation in the improvement of the territory.
On the territory of the settlement there are 2030 people in four villages (if we exclude children who, because of their age, can not make decisions in the field of self-government of the territory, the general population is reduced to 1618 people on 1.01.2018). A sociological study of the activities of local governments in the field of the improvement of the territory was conducted in January 2018 by the method of random nonrepetitive sampling using a questionnaire survey, which was supplemented by a sample informal interview. The survey was anonymous. The survey units were residents of a rural settlement. In the pilot survey, the sample totaled 100 people. During the survey, the sample was repaired, as a result, the age and sex structure of the sample corresponds to the general population of the sociological study, which allowed to increase the accuracy of evaluation and reduce the sampling error. More than a quarter of respondents had higher education (26%), vocational education -39%, secondary education 32% of respondents and incomplete higher education -3%. The survey questioned people of different professions: workers (26%), employees of state enterprises (10%), employees of commercial enterprises (10%), entrepreneurs (3%); employees of education, health, culture (9%), students (3%), pensioners (29%), engaged in household (10%).

VI. FINDINGS
According to the results of the survey, it was revealed that absolutely all the residents of the Baikal rural settlement are concerned about the state of the surrounding space, improvement and landscaping of this territory. The majority of residents (61%) of the settlement consider insufficient the number of elements of improvement in the territory of the rural settlement, 36% consider satisfactory the level of improvement and gardening, and 3% of respondents find it difficult to give an assessment. From the answers, it is obvious that the local community is concerned about the small number of places intended for rest and walks. However, 43% of the surveyed residents consider the work of the Head of the rural settlement to be satisfactory. Those who consider this work unsatisfactory about the same as those who noted the good work of the Head of the rural settlement (29% and 25%, respectively). 3% of respondents found it difficult to answer this question. That is, less than a third of the local community is dissatisfied with the already adopted and implemented management decisions in the field of improvement of local Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 47 self-government. It can be concluded that the solution to the problems of improvement, according to residents, is carried out, but the volume is insufficient.
Studying the changes in the plan of improvement of the territory of the rural settlement, respondents were offered to estimate dynamics of the level of improvement and landscaping, occurred for the last three years. According to the residents of the settlement(46% of respondents), the level of improvement and landscaping has not changed over the past three years. More than a third of the residents noted the increase in the level of improvement of the territory. Only 10% of the respondents said that the level decreased. It can be concluded that the administration of the rural settlement satisfactorily uses its powers in terms of improvement.
To study the perspective issues of improvement, which they require from the local authorities to solve first of all, the respondents ranked according to the importance of the direction of improvement of the settlement. The greatest weight was given to such areas as street lighting (22%), the state of roads and pedestrian roads (20%) and cleaning of the territory (17%). Least of all, according to the residents of the settlements, it requires efforts from the self-government authorities to landscaping the territory, since the village has already had a recreation park and planted the Alley of Victory, as well as the residents themselves plant flower beds in the local area and beyond its borders.
Local authorities cannot exercise their powers without the active support of the residents of the settlement [6]. Studying the involvement of the population in the work on the improvement of the territory, it can be noted that 26% of respondents "would like to take part" in the activities dedicated to the improvement of the territory, 64% have already participated in at least one event. Only 7% of respondents do not want to take part and do not take part in the joint improvement of the territory. There are residents undecided on this issue (3%).
As part of the active involvement of the population in the improvement of the settlement's territory, the Settlement Administration organizes annual clean-ups, tree planting, etc. When assessing the most preferable forms of community participation in the improvement of the territory, 25% of respondents noted financial assistance, that is, they are ready to pay, but not to work independently. However, 63% consider labor participation in various landscaping actions to be the most preferable. Financial participation of residents is now often expressed in the provision of equipment for cleaning and repair, materials to maintain the working condition of existing facilities improvement. More than 10% of respondents do not want or do not know in what form they can assist the local administration in the improvement of the territory.
To study the optimization of management decisions and improve the efficiency of management at the local level, data on the awareness of their role in local government and the solution of settlement problems by respondents depending on the age category are interesting. The study revealed the dependence of the increase in the percentage of participants and those wishing to participate in the improvement with increasing age. Less than 35per cent of the population is the least active: less than 3 per cent take part in land improvement activities and 7-10 per cent would like to participate depending on the age of the young people. We can note that the landscaping activities are more attractive for older people, young people show less enthusiasm and participation in activities.

VII. CONCLUSIONS
So, examining the contemporary state of the improvement of municipal rural settlement Baykalovskoye the following conclusions can be drawn:1) Residents are satisfied with the activities of the administration in the field of improvement. 2) The population has not noted an increase in the development of the improvement of the territory of the rural settlement in the last three years.3) Actual problems of improvement of the territory are street lighting, the condition of pedestrian roads and the content of the landfill, playgrounds. Due to insufficient funding, it is difficult to expect a quality solution. 4) Works on improvement of the village are conducted quite intensively.
Thus, having studied with the help of sociological research the satisfaction with the state and activities for the improvement of the municipal formation of the Baikalovskoye rural settlement, it can be concluded that the problems of improvement are significant for the majority of residents. With the reduction of budgets for the improvement and reduction of funding from the Federal Treasury of rural areas almost twice in recent years, sociological research can identify the most important problems and direct the efforts of local governments to solve them, thereby optimizing the management function and increasing the efficiency of management with a limited budget. In order to solve the problems of improvement of the territories, local governments have to participate and cooperate with the residents of the municipal district, enterprises and organizations.