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A Survey on Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

Disasters are happening due to drastic environmental destructions that may cause damage to wireless data transmission networks. There must be a system that monitors and takes necessary actions for reliable communication which can be provided by the wireless sensor network (WSN) that were organized as multiple nodes. In the heterogeneous environment these ubiquitous nodes are able to handle disasters like floods, drought, earthquake, and cyclone, or network fluctuations through fire accidents. Disasters can be monitored by augmenting a variety of sensors to sense and detect sudden changes in temperature, pressure, seismic wave, noises, etc. Large numbers of sensor nodes are distributed over a geographical area in WSN providing trustable data transfer with multi node sink. In this chapter, the authors review various WSN routing protocols for reliable data transfer in disaster management using multiple sink. The main objective of this chapter is to provide future research directions to enhance QoS in disaster management.