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THE INTEGRATED DEDUCTIVE APPROACH TO NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES

The framework of our research originates from two different sources: natural language processing and deductive database technology. Deductive databases possess superior functionality in comparison to relational systems relevant to the efficient solution of many problems arising in practical applications, yet there still exists no broad acquaintance and acceptance. As main obstacle we identified the absence of any user-friendly interface. Natural language interfaces have been proposed as optimal candidate for complex database applications because they make it possible to communicate with the database system without the need to learn any formal query or manipulation language. However, in spite of the vast number of ambitious attempts to build natural language front-ends, the achieved results as concerns user acceptance were rather disappointing. In our opinion there are two main reasons for this: missing customisation, resulting in unexpected restrictions, and missing integration, responsible for insufficient performance and wrong interpretation. We deal with these shortcomings by combining the strengths of both research fields. In our Integrated Deductive Approach (IDA) the interface constitutes an integral part of the database system itself by making use of the declarative power of deductive databases, that is, the dictionary of the interface is also designed as component of the database system as well as the complete natural language analysis is performed by the logic programming language provided by deductive databases. This complete integration of linguistic analysis guarantees the consistent mapping from the semantic representation of the user query to the appropriate semantic application model avoiding any discontinuities of homogeneity. For each step of natural language analysis we introduce new concepts and show their efficient implementation in IDA. Morphological and lexical analysis are performed by adapting the lexical approach, also covering prefixes, derivations, and compound words. The dictionary has a hierarchical structure making it possible to insert all features at the appropriate level of abstraction. Furthermore, the expressive two-level formalism is applied to the processing of three special morphological phenomena: ablaut, elision, and binding sounds. As concerns syntactic analysis, we propose an extension to Categorial Unification Grammar in order to analyse free word order languages efficiently. This grammatical framework is in optimal conformity with the powerful dictionary as well as the evaluation strategy of deductive databases. The bottom-up parsing also makes it possible to analyse incomplete and ungrammatical sentences in an easy and natural way. For semantic analysis we introduce the unknown value list (UVL) analysis, a technique that operates directly …