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c‐Maf suppresses human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax by competing for CREB‐binding protein

Latent infection of human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is considered to be preferentially associated with CCR4+ CD4+ T cells. Here we report that c‐Maf, one of the critical transcription factors for Th2 differentiation, suppresses the transcriptional activity of HTLV‐1 Tax by competing for CREB‐binding protein. Notably, c‐maf expression is selectively induced in a fraction of CCR4+ CD4+ T cells upon activation. Furthermore, c‐Maf significantly decreases Tax‐induced HTLV‐1 envelope gp46 gene expression from an infectious HTLV‐1 molecular clone and tax expression in a cell‐free HTLV‐1 infection system. Collectively, c‐Maf may play a role in latent infection of HTLV‐1 in CCR4+ CD4+ T cells by negatively regulating Tax activity. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 890–894)