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Review on Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Therapy for Treating Different Disease

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated as an attractive cell source for tissue engineering applications because of their ability to be easily isolated and expanded from adult bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue etc and their versatility for differentiation into multiple cells and tissues. The research is conducted by studying 80 different articles and journals focusing on the efficacy and success of MSC therapy for different disease like Vertebral Disc Regeneration, Craniofacial defects repairmen, Skeletal Muscle Repairmen, Cardiovascular disease, Osteoarthritis, Renal Disease, Type 1 Diabetes, Multiple sclerosis, liver disease, Tendon & Ligament repair, Bone fracture and also for treating COVID patients. Reports of multiple clinical trials conducted upon more than 1,000 patients for treating diversified diseases has been included in this review to study the effectiveness and limitations of MSC Therapy. The results and discussion concluded with appreciative therapeutic outcome of most of the clinical trials conducted and there were few cases in which MSC Therapy failed to generate therapeutic response. Three major limitations and governing factor were found out to the reasons behind the success and failure of the therapy. This special issue has provided unprecedented insights into the roles of human MSC in treating numerous diseases and highlighted the remaining challenges and possible strategies to enhance their therapeutic potential. Despite significant advancements in MSC therapy understanding of the nature, function, mechanism, mode of isolation, and route of administration as well as experimental handling of MSCs is important to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. The therapeutic potential of MSCs will attract further research investments in this area to resolve the challenges and improve the effectiveness of medical treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that MSC Therapy can open a vast field of exploring regenerative drug.