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Detection of Epistasis and Genetic Parameters of Some Quantitative Traits Through Triple Test Cross Analysis in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

Triple test cross analysis was carried out to detect the epistasis of thirteen yield and yield components in five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crosses. Total epistatic effect was found to be non-significant for all the studied traits. Partitioning of total epistasis indicated the involvement of ‘i’ type (additive  additive) epistasis for DFF, PHFF, PWH, NPd/P, PdW/P, NS/P and SW/P in cross-1; NPBFF and NSBFF in cross-3 and for PHFF, DMF, PHMF and NSBMF in cross-5. The magnitude of additive component (D) was higher than that of the dominance component (H). Partial degree of dominance (H/D) was observed for most of the traits. Both broad (hb) and narrow (hn) sense heritability were found to be moderately high. Positive and significant correlation between sums and differences indicated the direction of dominance towards decreasing parents and vice-versa. Introduction Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an annual legume belonging to Fabaceae and commonly known as gram, Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean and Egyptian pea, widely grown for its nutritious seeds. The seeds are high in fibre and protein and good source of iron, phosphorus and folic acid. It also contains potentially health-beneficial phytochemicals (Wood and Grusak 2007). Chickpea dominates international markets over other legume crops and it is traditionally a lowinput crop and is grown extensively in the moisture stress environments (Yadav et al. 2007). Thus, more importance should be given in the cropping intensity on chickpea in Bangladesh. To formulate an efficient breeding program, it is essential to understand the mode of inheritance, the magnitude of gene effects and their mode of action. Triple Test Cross (TTC) provides precise estimates of various genetic parameters together with the availability of a test for epistasis which is not envisaged in other multiple mating designs. TTC analysis was successfully used in chickpea (Malhotra and Singh 1989) and other genotypes such as in bhendi (Saravanan et al. 2005), in rice (Ram et al. 2007), in wheat (Zafar et al. 2008), in lentil (Kumar et al. 2011, Azad 2012). Therefore, an attempt was made to examine the role of various components of genetic variance in the inheritance of yield and yield components using TTC analysis. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in the research field of the Biometrical Genetics Research Laboratory of the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the crop season of 2009-2010 to 20122013. Five chickpea genotypes viz., BARI chola-1, BARI chola-4, BARI chola-6, BARI chola-7 and BARI chola-8 were taken as research materials. These genotypes were hybridized to develop F1 seed. From F2 population, 10 plants were randomly selected as male and crossed back to their respective P1, *Author for correspondence: <anil_deb2001@yahoo.com>, <debac@ru.ac.bd>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54092