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A Vacancy/Dislocation Interaction Mechanism of Transgranular Stress Corrosion Cracking

A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study was performed to characterize the deformation substructure of two non-ferrous face-centered cubic metals tested for transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC). The experiments involved single-crystal specimens of α-brass and pure Cu tested under slow strain rate (lxlO" s") in 14 Ν NH4OH and 1M NaN02 aqueous solutions, respectively. The TEM observations in both materials showed a localized (more coplanar) deformation mode in areas just in front of the crack tip and a more homogeneous mode at larger distances (areas where there was no interaction with the environment). Based on the present TEM evidence and the previous phenomenology of TGSCC a "vacancy-dislocation interaction" process is described that has two major elements. First, it advocates that dissolution at slip steps produces subsurface vacancies that interact with dislocations promoting their motion and modifying their configuration. Second, it considers the vacancy diffusion in the region in front of the crack tip indicating the possibility of forming an extended "embrittled zone". Based on the present results and previous evidence a TGSCC mechanism is presented.