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The impact of cognitive impairment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background Cognitive impairment has been known to be associated with negative health impacts. Several studies recently demonstrated inconsistent outcomes among cognitive impaired patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study aimed to determine the impact of cognitive impairment for patients with ACS. Methods Databases were searched through October 2020. Studies reporting revascularization rates, short- and long-term mortality among ACS patients with cognitive impairment were included. Effect estimates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using random effect and generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results In total, 11 observational studies were included in the analysis consisting of 810 122 ACS patients, with 3.5% cognitive impairment patients. Our analysis suggested that cognitive impairment was associated with a lower rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [odds ratio (OR), 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42–0.96; I2 = 98.5%; P = 0.033]. Among patients undergoing PCI, cognitive impairment was statistically associated with increased 30-day mortality (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14–1.57; I2 = 83.1%; P < 0.001) and long-term mortality (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.04–3.11; I2 = 36.3%; P = 0.034). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that cognitive impairment was not only associated with lower rates of percutaneous revascularization but also with increased 30-day and long-term mortality.