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Influence of pulsed electromagnetic field with different pulse duty cycles on neurite outgrowth in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells

The influence of low frequency (50 Hz repetition rate) pulsed electromagnetic field (EMF) on PC12 cell neurite outgrowth in vitro was investigated in this study. We studied the percentage of neurite bearing cells, average length of neurites, and directivity of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells cultured for 96 h in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). PC12 cells were exposed in one incubator to pulsed EMF at 1.36 mT (peak value) generated by a pair of Helmholtz coils, and the control samples were placed in another identical incubator. We found that the pulse duty cycle had significant effect on neurite outgrowth. Low (10%) pulse on‐time significantly inhibited the percentage of neurite bearing cells, but at the same time increased the average length of neurites, while 100% on‐time (DC) had exactly the opposite effects. Furthermore, we found that neurites were prone to extend along the direction of pulsed EMF with 10% pulse on‐time. Our studies show that neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells is sensitive to the pulse duty and this sensitivity was associated with NGF concentration. Bioelectromagnetics 26:406–411, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.