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Observations of Hygroscopic Flare Particles at Various Relative Humidity

From November 2006 to April 2010, cloud physics research studies and exploratory cloud seeding using glaciogenic and hygroscopic pyrotechnics for precipitation enhancement were conducted in Saudi Arabia by Weather Modification Inc. (WMI) for the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME). An instrumented cloud physics aircraft and sophisticated aerosol ground instrumentation were used to document the precipitation processes and background aerosols. Scientists from the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Texas A&M University (TAMU), and the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa provided scientific support and analysis. This paper reports on airborne and ground observations of the aerosols produced by hygroscopic flares from Ice Crystal Engineering (ICE) used during the project in the southwest Asir region of Saudi Arabia.