{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03051643192488263, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01643192488262911, 'mean_word_length': 5.089285714285714, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF SPERMATIUM FORMATION IN THE RUST FUNGUS GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUNIPERI-VIRGINIANAE'

A B ST R A C T Spermatium formation in G. juniperi-virginianae is phialidic. The spermatia are blown out of the tips of spermatiophores which possess a thickened neck region and a distinct, flared collarette. Each spermatium initial is surrounded by a thin wall which is attached to the inner surface of the spermatiophore wall just below the thickened neck region. A spermatium is delimited by a centripetally developing septum and then pushed into the spermogonial cavity by the next spermatium initial. Mature spermatia are ellipsoid with tapered ends and are surrounded by a thin wall. Each contains a single nucleus, many ribosomes, a few small vacuoles, and a number of lipid bodies and mitochondria. A SPERMATIUM (Alexopoulos, 1962) is a nonmotile, uninucleate, spore-like male structure that empties its contents into a receptive female structure during plasmogomy. The formation of these structures in the genus Gymnosporangium (Uredinales) has been studied with light microscopy by both Blackman (1904) and Olive (1944). Largely on the basis of Olive's (1944) description of the process in G. clavipes (Cke. & Pk.) Cke. & Pk., Hughes (1970) has expressed the opinion that the sporogenous cells or spermatiophores in Gymnosporangium are phialides and suggested that perhaps spermatium formation in the rust fungi as a whole was phialidic. This has been recently questioned by Rijkenberg and Truter (1974) who have reported that spermatium formation in Puccinia sorghi Schw. is annellophoric. They suggest that Blackman's (1904) description of spermatium formation in G. clavariiforme Rees