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The ultrastructure of the renal glomerulus in experimental hypertension.

The renal glomeruli in experimental hypertension induced by ligation of the unilateral renal artery in the rat were examined by electron microscopy.1. The glomeruli in the ligated kidney show no noticeable morphological changes at the level of ultrastructure.2. In the unligated kidney, glomeruli exhibit varying ultrastructural changes, suggesting the processes of glomerular sclerosis.3. The early changes in the glomerulus in experimental hypertension is an increase in the filtration of blood plasma proteins and a remarkable response of the epithelium, that is, the phagocytosis of proteinic substances in the epithelial cells is enhanced and mitochondria in the cells are remarkably increased in number. Subsequently, these changes cease and then the epithelial foot processes tend to fuse together.4. Following the epithelial changes, the endothelial cell shows an abnormal reaction, that is, the endothelial cells protrude many microprojections into the capillary lumen, and then the capillary lumen is gradually narrowed and obliterated and disappears.5. In the severely damaged glomeruli, the mesangium seems to be increased in amount: this might be attributed to the fusion of basement membrane materials after destruction of the capillary and furthermore to the abnormal deposition of plasma proteins leaking through the endothelium owing to the increased permeability in hypertension.6. The epithelial cells remain rather unchanged until the late stages of glomerular sclerosis, even after the disappearance of blood capillaries.