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Enoxaparin Reduces Cerebral Edemaafter Photothrombotic Injury in the Rat

This study investigates the effect of enoxaparin (Lovenox, Klexane), a low-molecular-weight heparin, on edema following a photothrombotic lesion using rose bengal dye in the rat. An area of cerebral ischemia was provoked in the right hemisphere of rats. Edema developed over 24 h after the lesion, as seen comparing water content of a core sample from the right hemisphere to that of a similar sample from the left hemisphere of each rat. Enoxaparin at 0.5 mg/kg i.v. plus 2 mg/kg s.c. reduced edema 24 h after lesion induction by 32% (p < 0.01) when the treatment was started 2 h after photothrombotic insult, with maintenance doses of 2 mg/kg s.c. enoxaparin at 6 and 18 h. When the same initial treatment with enoxaparin was started 18 h after insult, there was still a significant reduction of 20% (p < 0.01) in cerebral edema. Administration of enoxaparin 18 h after insult reduced cerebral edema in a dose-dependent manner. There was no evidence of intracranial hemorrhages in any of the animal groups and when the hemoglobin content of the brain samples was assayed by the method of Drabkin, no increase in hemoglobin content was seen compared to sham-operated animals.