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3D MIMO Outdoor to Indoor Macro/Micro-Cellular Channel Measurements and Modeling

3-dimensional Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (3D MIMO) systems have received great interest recently because of the spatial diversity advantage and capability for full-dimensional beamforming, making them promising candidates for practical realization of massive MIMO. For 3D MIMO system design, it is important to have full characterization of the 3D MIMO propagation channel, i.e., characterize both the elevation and azimuth characteristics of the wireless propagation channel, especially at the base station end. In this paper, we present first results from a measurement campaign for obtaining these characteristics. For those measurements we use a hybrid switched/virtual cylindrical array with 480 antenna elements at the base station (BS), and a switched array with 24 antenna elements at the user equipment (UE). We perform outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) channel measurements in an urban macro-cellular (UMa) and a micro-cellular (UMi) environments. We provide the elevation and azimuth angular spreads at the transmitter and receiver, and study their dependence on the UE height. With the increase in the UE height, the BS elevation spreads decreased from 1.24 deg to 1 deg and 1.15 deg to 0.78 deg respectively for UMa and UMi; the azimuth spreads remained approximately the same (7.5 deg). Based on the measurements done with the UE placed on different floors, we study the feasibility of separating users in the elevation domain. Users were separable in 44% and 54.17% scenarios respectively for the UMa and UMi environments.