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The interaction between groups and individuals: the challenge of statistically analysing cooperative learning

Research about the effect of cooperative learning settings faces the challenge of dealing with hierarchical data where observations regarding the learners are not stochastically independent. Standard methods like ANOVAs cannot deal with such data adequately. The article introduces multilevel modelling (MLM) as a statistical approach adequate for nested data. MLM allows taking into account interactions between group-level variables and individual-level variables. But MLM requires large sample sizes, and thus many studies fail to adopt MLM. For such studies, it is proposed that some additional statistics be presented.