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Differential diagnosis and non‐surgical treatment of pelvic actinomycosis

The intrauterine device (IUD) constitutes a frequent and proven method of reversible contraception with a low rate of complications. However, as early as 1930 (1), the case of a severe actinomycosis with an inserted IUD was published. Actinomyces israelii, the cause of this disease, are Gram-positive anaerobic organisms. The therapeutic options of this disease differentiate depending on the corresponding localization. We would like to discuss the special features of the diagnosis and therapy of pelvic actinomycosis based on a patient with a severe actinomycosis and an inserted IUD.