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The effect of nucleos(t)ide analogues on clinical outcomes of patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Background/Aims: Because hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication has been known to play animportant role in cancer recurrence after curative treatment of HBV-related hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC), we examined whether treatment based on nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)might decrease the recurrence rate and improve patient survival.Methods: The retrospective cohort study enrolled 73 patients with chronic hepatitis B whowere treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)with curative intent for HCC. Among those, 30 and 43 patients were treated with tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV), respectively.Results: Of the 73 patients, 51 experienced HCC recurrence, and 14 patients were deadduring a follow-up of 73±34 months. Multivariate analyses showed that tumor size (hazardratio [HR], 1.590; 95% confidence-interval [CI], 1.106-2.285; P=0.012) and Child-Pugh class B(vs. class A/non cirrhosis; HR, 5.794; 95% CI, 2.311-14.523; P=0.001) was significantly associatedwith HCC recurrence, and Child-Pugh class B (HR, 7.357; 95% CI, 2.100-25.777; P=0.002) was anindependent unfavorable prognostic factor for survival. During NAs therapy, TDF was superiorto ETV for complete viral response at 1 year after the date of combination of TACE and RFA(P=0.016). However, the risks of HCC recurrence and survival were not significantly differentbetween those treated with TDF versus ETV.Conclusions: TDF was superior to ETV for achieving complete viral response. However, therecurrence and mortality after TACE and RFA for HBV-related HCC were not significantlydifferent between patients treated with TDF versus ETV.