{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.032511210762331835, 'fraction_numerical': 0.013452914798206279, 'mean_word_length': 4.798701298701299, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Ulwa Verb Class Morphology

This paper provides a detailed description and analysis of Ulwa (Misumalpan; Nicaragua) verb class morphology. Taking as a point of departure the previous literature on the topic (Hale and Salamanca 2002, Hale and Keyser 2002, and Juarros 2003), I show that the facts are more complicated than has been appreciated, and that previous theoretical claims based on facts from the language are not justified. The verb class markers -ta- and -pa-, I argue, are verbalizers of precategorial roots, while -da- and -wa- are shown to serve, among other functions, as anticausativizers. The contrast in the two broad classes of verb class marker is shown to have significant consequences for the lexical semantics, syntax, and morphology of verbs in the language, leading to an understanding of a range of previously poorly understood and undocumented facts of the language.