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The action of bombesin on the systemic arterial blood pressure of some experimental animals

1 The changes in blood pressure in response to parenteral administration of bombesin, the active tetradecapeptide of the skin of the European discoglossid frogs Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata variegata have been investigated in some experimental animals. 2 In most species, the polypeptide elicited hypertension which was usually gradual in onset and slow to disappear. Blood pressure increases rarely exceeded 40–50 mmHg. At the beginning of an experiment some dose‐response relationship could often be observed, but later tachyphylaxis developed. During an intravenous infusion of bombesin the rise in blood pressure could sometimes be maintained at a steady level as long as the infusion was continued, but at other times, the rise of pressure slowly subsided with continued administration of the polypeptide. In the rat and the chicken hypertension elicited by high doses of bombesin was often followed by secondary hypotension. 3 Bombesin‐induced hypertension was apparently not affected by pretreatment with either α‐ or β‐adrenergic blocking agents. Similarly secondary hypotension was not abolished by atropine. Thus, the effect of bombesin on vascular smooth muscle seems to be predominantly a direct one. 4 Angiotensin was usually more potent than bombesin, and its effect on blood pressure was more rapid and of shorter duration. Tachyphylaxis to angiotensin was lacking or moderate. 5 In sharp contrast to the other species, the monkey responded to bombesin with frank hypotension, which was usually proportional to the dose. In the monkey the hypotensive effect of bombesin was equal to, or greater than that of eledoisin or physalaemin and bombesin‐induced hypotension was of longer duration than that of the other polypeptides. Tachyphylaxis was moderate for low and adequately spaced doses of the polypeptide, but prompt and intense for high doses. Long‐lasting hypotension was obtained by intravenous infusion of bombesin, but repeated infusions caused tachyphylaxis. Bombesin‐induced hypotension was not affected by pretreatment with atropine. 6 Bombesin may be easily distinguished from all other known peptides active on vascular and extravascular smooth muscle by its effects on blood pressure. This does not apply to bombesin‐like peptides, such as alytesin and ranatensin.