{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.020072992700729927, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.777777777777778, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Applying the partial credit method of Rasch analysis: language testing and accountability

Two questions occupy the thinking of many language testing researchers at this time: what is language testing research for?; and how can nonclassical measurement theory further the aims of language testing research? Bachman and Clark’s proposal of a new ’framework of communicative language ability’, to be investigated through a programme of collaborative research and instrument development, has set the stage for a new phase in language testing research: