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From ABO‐incompatible human kidney transplantation to xenotransplantation 1

Abstract:  The development (in 1981) of a protocol for successful renal allotransplantation across ABO barriers is outlined. From this experience, the concept of ‘adaptation’, subsequently termed ‘accommodation’, was defined. It was then hypothesized that a similar approach might allow pig‐to‐human organ xenotransplantation. This hypothesis was explored in the pig‐to‐baboon renal transplantation model, with graft survival for a maximum of 23 days. Rejection episodes were temporarily reversed, providing encouragement that discordant xenotransplantation would one day prove successful. Finally, the preparation of the thymokidney, developed as a means of inducing xenotolerance, is briefly reviewed.