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Pathophysiology of Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhosis

The kidney plays a key role in some of the major complications of cirrhosis, specifically the development of ascites, edema and/or pleural effusions and renal failure. Moreover, patients with ascites may develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, which is another severe complication of cirrhosis. The most common abnormality of renal function in cirrhosis is sodium retention. Sodium retention is often associated with an impaired ability to eliminate a regular water intake, which may lead to dilutional hyponatremia due to a disproportionate increase in total body water relative to the total sodium content.