{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.033478893740902474, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010917030567685589, 'mean_word_length': 4.851063829787234, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Heterogeneous rhenium oxide modified iridium catalyzed one-pot conversion of lignin into naphthenes.

Direct transformation of lignin into fuels and chemicals remains huge challenge due to the stubborn and complicated structure of lignin. Here rhenium oxide modified iridium supported by SiO 2 (Ir-ReO x /SiO 2 ) was employed for one-pot conversion of various lignin model compounds and lignin feedstocks into naphthenes. Up to 100% yield of cyclohexane from model compounds and 44.3% yield of naphthenes from lignin feedstocks were achieved. 2D HSQC NMR analysis before and after reaction confirmed the clear activity of Ir-ReO x /SiO 2 in cleavage of the C-O bonds and hydrodeoxygenation of the depolymerized products. H 2 -temperature-programed reduction (H 2 -TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of NH 3 (NH 3 -TPD), IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption (pyridine-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) characterization and control experiments revealed that a synergistic effect between Ir and ReO x in Ir-ReO x /SiO 2 play a crucial role for the high performance, of which, ReO x was mainly responsible for the cleavage of C-O bonds whilst Ir was in charge of HDO reaction and saruration of the benzene rings. This methodology opens an energy-efficient route for directly converting lignin into valuable naphthenes.