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Parallel, Multi-Material Electrohydrodynamic 3D Nanoprinting.

Direct mass-transfer via liquid nanodroplets is one of the most powerful approaches for additive micro/nanofabrication. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) dispensing has made the delivery of nanosized droplets containing diverse materials a practical reality; however, in its serial form it has insufficient throughput for large-area processing. Here, a parallel, nanoscale EHD method is developed that offers both improved productivity and material diversity in 3D nanoprinting. The method exploits a double-barreled glass nanopipette filled with material inks to parallelize nanodripping ejections, enabling a dual 3D nanoprinting process. It is discovered that an unusual electric field distribution created by cross talk of neighboring pipette apertures can be used to steer the microscopic ejection paths of the ink at will, enabling on-demand control over shape, placement, and material mixing in 3D printed nanostructures. After thorough characterizations of the printing conditions, the parallel fabrication of nanomeshes and nanowalls of silver, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and their composites, with programmed designs is demonstrated. This method is expected to advance productivity in the heterogeneous integration of functional 3D nanodevices in a facile manner.