{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027496382054992764, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00723589001447178, 'mean_word_length': 5.065789473684211, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The effect of energy under reporting on dietary pattern analysis

Dietary pattern analysis has come to the fore of nutritional epidemiology in recent years with the goal of improving the effectiveness of public health recommendations. Cluster analysis is a well established method to derive dietary patterns, where patterns are based on differences in mean dietary intakes amongst individuals. Under reporting of food intake is common in nutritional epidemiology, however little is known on its effect on dietary pattern analysis. The aim of this research was to identify dietary patterns amongst a sample of Irish adults and to account for the effect of energy under reporting on these patterns. The National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) which consists of food intake data for 1500 adults, aged 18–90 years, was used for this analysis. In the NANS, a semi-weighed four day food diary was used to collect information on all foods and beverages consumed. For this analysis, food intake data was reduced to 33 food groups. For each subject, their food group intakes were expressed as the percentage contribution to total energy intake (%TE) and corresponding z-scores were calculated. K-means cluster analysis was conducted on these standardised variables to derive patterns of dietary intake in (I) Total Population (TP), (II) Adequate Reporters (AR) and (III) Under Reporters (UR).