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A comparative study of continuous-time analog adaptive equalizers

In modern high-speed data communications systems, the limited bandwidth of the channel results in inter-symbol interference (ISI) at the received signal, which has to be compensated by equalization. Typically, equalization at the receiver is preferred to equalization at the emitter because it can be designed to take into account the varying characteristics of the channel in what is called adaptive equalization. Continuous-time adaptive equalizers base their operation on the fact that the spectrum of the incoming signal is known prior to its reception, so the degradation caused by the channel can be evaluated and subsequently corrected by comparing the power measured at different frequency ranges with the value expected in theory. In this paper, an ideal pseudo-random NRZ signal will be used, whose power spectrum can be described by a squared sinc function. Four different architectures have been proposed in the literature to carry out power spectrum comparison: two band-pass filters; one high-pass and one low-pass filter; one all-pass and one low-pass filter; and two low-pass filters. This work analyzes the differences between these techniques on the operation of continuous-time adaptive equalizers, establishing filter design criteria based on the characteristics of the channel and the equalizer filter. The paper is organized as follows: Section I is the introduction; Section 2 gives and overview of the spectrum balancing technique architectures; Section 3 outlines the proposed criteria to set the filter bandwidth; finally, conclusions are drawn in Section 4.