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Design and Operation of Spatial Decision Support Systems for Water Resource Protection

Spatial decision support systems for water resource protection at Taipei Watershed Management Bureau (TWMC) have been pursued for more than a decade. There are five townships and two watersheds under jurisdiction of TWMC. The whole area under management of water resource protection is 717 square kilometres. The management objective is to provide sustainable drinking water for a population about four millions in Taipei. Management prescriptions for water resource protection at TWMC are not confined to traditional approaches. Design of spatial decision support systems for water resource protection was mainly focused on integration of techniques such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and global positioning systems (GPS). The major ingredients of spatial decision support systems are web-based GIS which can bring relevant information for management of water resource protection for a given location say, x and y coordinates, a single sheet of map, a township, even a watershed. All maps, satellite images, and orthophoto maps were stored in scalable vector graphics (SVG) format. Integration of remote sensing, GIS, and GPS on Internet is then not difficult. Data bases were manipulated such that they can be extracted on web pages by township, by watershed, and by task. Visual Basic was the major computer programming language to make the spatial decision support systems acceptable and operational. Active server pages (ASP) with JAVA scripts provided server applications on web pages when tasks needed to be solved on Internet as well as on Intranet. Task-oriented application modules were designed to solve problems encountered on daily operations and long-term management of water resource protection at TWMC. A hand-held GPS device can provide x and y coordinates for a given location and a GPS application module can bring relevant attributes and maps on a notebook computer. Management prescriptions for spatial decision support can be issued right away, in office or in open field. The whole systems are simple and easy such that all level of government employee would like to use. Application of spatial decision support systems for water resource protection at TWMC is simple a series tasks of implementation of self-developed application modules. All modules were built to meet special and spatial orders for a given type of task. More than ten application modules have been developed and implemented for solving problems encountered in water quality and quantity protection, soil and water conservation, watershed management, zoning enforcement, garbage management, illegal land use enforcement, housing management, sewage management. A GPS application module can make integration of x and y coordinates with relevant attributes smoothly. Inquiry is not the only function provided by the application modules. A two-way communication between user and databases can be done by any government employee if they can identify with proper permissions. Software source codes were provided such that certified users can modify application modules to meet their special requirement. Update of databases can be done by users when they were granted this privilege. Not all application modules are necessary for Internet browsing. More Internet browsing capability for a given application module to serve general publics in Internet in order to make spatial decision support on water resource protection at TWMC more smoothly will be pursued in the near future. Sustainable supply of high quality drinking water in Taipei in the past decade may be the best evidence of successful design and operation of spatial decision support systems for water resource protection at Taipei Watershed Management Bureau.