{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03841309823677582, 'fraction_numerical': 0.013853904282115869, 'mean_word_length': 5.849137931034483, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction of Cu@CuxO Nanoparticles Decorated on 3D Vertical Graphene with Intrinsic sp3‐type Defect

Defective 3D vertical graphene (VG) with a relatively large surface area, high defect density, and increased surface electrons is synthesized via a scalable plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, together with a postsynthesis Ar‐plasma treatment (VG‐Ar). Subsequently, Cu@CuxO nanoparticles are deposited onto VG‐Ar (Cu/VG‐Ar) through a galvanostatic pulsed electrodeposition method. These Cu@CuxO nanocatalyst systems exhibit a superior electrochemical CO2 reduction performance when compared to Cu‐based catalysts supported on commercial graphene paper or pristine VG without postsynthesis Ar‐plasma treatment. The Cu/VG‐Ar achieves the highest CO2 reduction Faradaic efficiency of 60.6% (83.5% of which are attributed to liquid products, i.e., formate, ethanol, and n‐propanol) with a 5.6 mA cm−2 partial current density at −1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The improved CO2 reduction performance of Cu/VG‐Ar originates from the well‐dispersed Cu@CuxO nanoparticles deposited on the defective VG‐Ar. The intrinsic carbon defects on VG‐Ar can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction as well as tune the interaction between VG and Cu@CuxO, thus impeding the excessive oxidation of Cu2O species deposited on VG‐Ar. The defective VG‐Ar and stabilized Cu@CuxO enhances CO2 adsorption and promotes electron transfer to the adsorbed CO2 and intermediates on the catalyst surface, thus improving the overall CO2 reduction performance.