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Medical Therapeutic Yoga for multiple sclerosis: examining self-efficacy for physical activity, motivation for physical activity, and quality of life outcomes

Abstract Purpose Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that results in deficits in physical and cognitive function, and often fosters low levels of self-efficacy for physical activity, motivation for physical activity, and quality of life [1]. Drug therapies, physical therapy rehabilitation, and lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity are standard protocol for symptom management, yet persons with MS tend to be physically inactive [2,3]. Additionally, single-modality interventions do not inherently address the challenges faced concurrently by individuals with MS [4,5]. Methods This project examined the effects of a 5-week holistic biopsychosocial Medical Therapeutic Yoga program on physical activity behavior outcomes in individuals diagnosed with MS. A mixed-methods approach was used to examine self-efficacy for physical activity, motivation for physical activity, and quality of life outcomes in 15 participants. Results Quantitative measures demonstrated increased self-efficacy (t(14) = −2.23, p = 0.042), and emotional quality of life (t(14) = −2.66, p = 0.019). Responses to an open-ended written questionnaire and follow-up interviews indicated overall positive response to the program including increases in self-efficacy for physical activity, motivation for physical activity, and quality of life. These results may help future holistic programming for individuals with MS incorporate behavioral interventions with therapeutic rehabilitation to increase physical activity adherence. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease impacting physical and cognitive functioning that may be managed with a combination of drug therapies, rehabilitation, and physical activity. Individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis tend to be physically inactive and physical inactivity is a challenge for optimal disease management. Medical Therapeutic Yoga offers an interdisciplinary biopsychosocial framework to simultaneously address the behavioral challenges and physical impairments facing individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Health care providers should consider developing programs that use a biopsychosocial framework to aid in developing long-term adherence in health behaviors such as physical activity participation.