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Interest and perceived capability of self-care in hemodialysis units.

AIMS
To: (1) Assess patients' interest and perceived capability of participating in hemodialysis; (2) Assess nurses' perceptions of patients' interest and perceived capability of participating in hemodialysis; (3) Examine associations between patient characteristics and interest and perceived capability of performing hemodialysis self-care.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study METHODS: Data were collected from dialysis patients and their nurses between October 2018 and May 2019. Patients' interest and perceived capability of participation were assessed by a 10-item Likert-type scale developed and tested for this study, with responses ranging from 1 (not interested/no perceived capability) to 5 (already doing task independently). Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between patient characteristics, including age, sex, education level and severity of illness to ratings of activation level and hemodialysis self-care scale scores. The STROBE checklist was used as a guideline for this study.


RESULTS
Ninety-one patients and 31 nurses participated. Overall, patients expressed interest (2.43±0.93) and perceived themselves capable (2.34±0.9) of participating in various hemodialysis related tasks. Nurses assessed lower interest (2.19±0.77) than patients, but similar average capability (2.31±0.8). Both greater interest and perceived capability were correlated with more years of education and higher patient activation, additionally, interest was associated with disease severity and perceived capability was associated with age.


CONCLUSION
Hemodialysis patients are interested and perceive themselves capable of participating in the tasks involved in dialysis care. Nurses underestimate patient interest in participation.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Self-care behaviours among hemodialysis patients are important, as they may affect quality of life and survival. Determining interest and perceived capability of participation is a first step towards evaluating the feasibility of self-care in a supervised hemodialysis setting.