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Is Language a Tool ?

Carruthers (1996) describes two opposing approaches to the nature and function of language: (a) the communicative conception, according to which thought is independent of language, and language itself becomes only a medium for the communication of thoughts, and (b) the cognitive conception, which holds that thinking is essentially linguistic. Clark (1997) argues for a position which does not fit easily into either of these categories. For according to him language is a tool, an invention like the slide rule or the sextant, which allows us to both accomplish tasks more efficiently and to achieve otherwise unattainable goals. Thus language is used for more than just communication, it is implicated in our cognitive activities also. Nevertheless, language is: