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Enhancement of Silymarin Production in Cell Culture of Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn by Elicitation and Precursor Feeding

The effect of phenylalanine (Phe), yeast extract (YE), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for enhancement of silymarin production in four Silybum marianum genotypes was assessed. Cell suspension was established in MS medium supplemented with picloram (3g.L−1) and kinetin (0.4mg.L−1). MeJA (100 μM), YE (50 μg.mL−1), and Phe (0.1 mM) alone or in combinations were added to the medium on the third day after last subculture. Phytochemical analysis of the flavonolignan content was quantified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of cell kinetics revealed that in interval of 3 days within 1 month, suspension cultures derived from cotyledons were superior to those obtained from hypocotyls. Elicitor application enhanced all components of silymarin in the cell cultures. The highest level of silymarin was obtained in the cultures derived from hypocotyl explant of FereydounKenar ecotype enriched with MeJA+Phe+YE, which was 8.6 times higher than control. Silymarin was higher in hypocotyl-derived cultures than those from cotyledon. Elicitor treatment promoted secondary metabolite production in S. marianum cultures. Jasmonic acid and its functional analogue played a critical role in elicitation.