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Microporous Membranes Based on Polyaniline via Thermally Induced Phase Separation

The fabrication of polyaniline-based membranes via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) has been investigated using three PANI-diluent systems at three concentrations. The impact of the conditions of phase separation (including compositions, quenching temperature, and quenching time) on the membrane morphology, as determined by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, was investigated. Variation of membrane morphology was attributed to different phase separation mechanisms. A bicontinuous lacy structure resulted from spinodal decomposition in the unstable region. On the contrary, a structure composed of aggregates of small particles was a consequence of nucleation and growth in the metastable region. The effect of coarsening (Ostwald ripening and coalescence) on the final membrane microstructure was also discussed.