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Cognitive impairment in HIV infection.

HIV-infected subjects at various stages of illness but without opportunistic cerebral disease were evaluated using a comprehensive, cognitively-based neuropsychological protocol and measures of levels of depression and anxiety. The data indicated a prominent attentional disorder among impaired subjects; however, language, visual-spatial and memory functioning were not deficient. There was also evidence suggesting executive function deficit. Depression contributed a small additional component in differentiating the groups. These findings help to specify the nature of the cognitive disturbance associated with HIV encephalopathy and are consistent with the pathological effects of primary infection of the brain by HIV. In addition, they provide a specific basis for ameliorative treatment with psychostimulant medication.