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Is Measuring Serum Antioxidant Capacity Clinically Useful?

During the physiological process of oxidation of organic materials by molecular oxygen to produce energy, a number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed. They include the hydroxyl radical 'OH, the hydroperoxyl radical HO z·, the superoxide radical O 2and peroxynitrites NO, including 'NOz. These free radicals are vitally important to human well-being because they attack not only micro-organisms invading the body, but also dead plant and animal matter-otherwise the Earth would be covered in such organic debris. ROS are so valuable that besides molecular oxygen the body maintains stores of HzOz and other prooxidants, which if suitably stimulated (for example, by the presence of ions of a transition metal) will produce ROS to destroy, quickly and efficiently, both foreign bodies and dying or defective cells. However, if produced in excess, ROS will destroy or disable viable cells and enzyme systems too. The body, therefore, also stores antioxidants which can be mobilized to neutralize dangerous excesses when they occur. The antioxidants may be present within cells, in cell membranes, or in extracellular fluids; may be lipophilic or hydrophilic; and may be endogenously produced or derived from the diet. Intracellular antioxidants include the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. These are not consumed in the process of reducing the ROS, whereas the scavenging or 'sacrificial' antioxidants, which have a high redox potential, are. Examples of such sacrificial antioxidants include those found in cell membranes: tocopherols, beta-carotene, and ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). Many that