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Journey of UWB Antenna Towards Miniaturization for RF/Wireless Community

UWB (Ultra-Wideband) has stepped up its footprint in communication world with a lot of promising features. It includes high data-rate for short-range communication, huge bandwidth for large data transfer, good alternative for indoor navigation and finally high resolution imaging utilizing its robust feature to multipath fading. The antenna is one of the key building blocks in UWB wireless system. Being an electronic eye of the system, its design gets utmost importance as compared to its other constituent parts. Main challenge in this antenna design is to maintain the 10-dB return loss throughout the entire bandwidth of the desired frequency spectrum. This article starts with a brief introduction of particular design challenges of UWB antennas, followed by state-of-the-art solutions. Next, various miniaturization topologies are addressed. Planar designs have been emphasized here due to their unique cost effective features along with other merits, related to practical usage. This work also outlines about the extension of operating frequency bands than that of conventional ultra-wideband, recommended by FCC, USA in 2002. Further, this wide operating regime can be detrimental for already existed wireless appliances falling in this spectrum. Faithful techniques to mitigate the frequency interference problem are adopted here. Future application of this technology towards the medical imaging is also brought out in this work.