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H 2 O emission in high-z ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (cid:2)

Using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI), we report the detection of water vapor in six new lensed ultra-luminous starburst galaxies at high redshift, discovered in the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS). The sources are detected either in the 2 02 − 1 11 or 2 11 − 2 02 H 2 O emission lines with integrated line ﬂuxes ranging from 1.8 to 14 Jy km s − 1 . The corresponding apparent luminosities are μ L H 2 O ∼ 3 − 12 × 10 8 L (cid:4) , where μ is the lensing magniﬁcation factor (3 < μ < 12). These results conﬁrm that H 2 O lines are among the strongest molecular lines in high- z ultra-luminous starburst galaxies, with intensities almost comparable to those of the high- J CO lines, and similar proﬁles and line widths ( ∼ 200 − 900 km s − 1 ). With the current sensitivity of the PdBI, the water lines can therefore easily be detected in high- z lensed galaxies (with F (500 μ m) > 100 mJy) discovered in the Herschel surveys. Correcting the luminosities for ampliﬁcation, using existing lensing models, L H 2 O is found to have a strong dependence on the infrared luminosity, varying as ∼ L 1 . 2 IR . This relation, which needs to be conﬁrmed with better statistics, may indicate a role of radiative (infrared) excitation of the H 2 O lines, and implies that high- z galaxies with L IR (cid:2) 10 13 L (cid:4) tend to be very strong emitters in water vapor, that have no equivalent in the local universe.