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TCP5 controls leaf margin development by regulating the KNOX and BEL-like transcription factors in Arabidopsis.

Development of leaf margins is an important process in leaf morphogenesis. CIN-clade TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) transcription factors have redundant roles in specifying leaf margins, but the specific mechanisms that individual TCP genes function through remain elusive. Here we report that the CIN-TCP gene TCP5 represses the initiation and outgrowth of leaf serrations by activating two key regulators of margin development, the Class II KNOX factor KNAT3 and BEL-like gene SAW1. Specifically, TCP5 directly promotes the transcription of KNAT3 and indirectly activates the expression of SAW1.Furthermore, we also show that TCP5 regulates KNAT3 and SAW1 in a temporal and spatial specific manner that is largely in accordance with the progress of serration formation. This regulation may serve as a key mechanism to pattern margin morphogenesis and sculpt the final form of the leaf.