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Symphysis pubis dysfunction: a review of the literature

A review of the literature revealed a multitude of terms used to describe Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD). No unambiguous definition was found, rather the condition is described in terms of symptoms and signs. These occur due to the physiological pelvic ligament relaxation and increased joint mobility seen in pregnancy. The severity of symptoms varies from mild discomfort to severely debilitating pain. There appears to be no correlation between the degree of relaxation of the symphysis pubis and the level of pain and disability. Treatment is generally conservative and delivery is curative in the majority by 6 months post-partum. There is a need for standardisation of terminology, an agreed definition of SPD and a reliable means of assessment of the condition. Additionally there is a need for scientific evaluation of different forms of treatment.