{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02244811520542143, 'fraction_numerical': 0.027107157983905124, 'mean_word_length': 5.199475065616798, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Geophysical Engineering Investigation Around Makiyaye Village , Shika Area Within The Basement Complex Of North-Western Nigeria

Geophysical investigation for engineering studies was carried out around Makiyaye village which falls within the Basement Complex of NorthWestern Nigeria. The study is aimed at evaluating the competence of the near surface formation as foundation materials, and to unravel the subsurface profile which in turn determines if there would be any subsurface lithological variation(s) that might lead to structural failure at the site and evaluating the groundwater potential of the site and determining the level of safety of the hydrogeologic system. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger array was carried out at eighteen (18) VES stations. ABEM terrameter (SAS 300) was used for the data acquisition. The field data obtained have been analysed using computer software (IPI2win) which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity. The geoelectric section revealed three to four lithologic units defined by the topsoil, which comprises clayey-sandy and sandy lateritic hard pan; the weathered basement; partly weathered/fractured basement and the fresh basement. The resistivity values range from 28 354Ωm in the topsoil, 70 356Ωm in the weathered basement, 245 694Ωm in the fractured basement and 1114 3699Ωm in the fresh basement . Layer thicknesses vary from 0.38 – 2.64m in the topsoil, 0.7 – 37.36m in the weathered layer, 5.86 – 34.2m in the fractured basement. Depth from the surface to bedrock/fresh basement generally varied between 2.64 and 44.11m. Based on the resistivity values, it is concluded that the subsurface material up to the depth greater than 20m is competent and has high load-bearing capacity. However, resistivity values less than 100Ωm at depths of 10 15m indicate high porosity, high clayey sand content and high degree of saturation which are indications of soil conditions requiring serious consideration in the design of massive engineering structures. The hydrogeologic system at the site is vulnerable to contamination. Hence, the result reasonably provide a basis for which groundwater potential zones are appraised for safety in case potential sources of groundwater contamination sites such as septic tanks and sewage channels are planned for the area under study. (