{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.022031823745410038, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.244274809160306, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Frobenius Effect: Frederick Starr in the Congo

ABSTRACT At the turn of the twentieth century, numerous European and American adventurers, entrepreneurs, missionaries, colonial agents, and a few intrepid scientists and explorers, converged in the then Congo Free State. Among the latter were Leo Frobenius, Emil Torday, and an American professor, Frederick Starr. Using Starr's diaries and notes on the collection that he eventually sold to the American Museum of Natural History in New York, this paper examines Starr's methods and the effect that his practice may have had on the production and marketing of art in the Congo. That so many explorers and collectors converged in the same localities, created an arena for commercialization of the African art market that persisted throughout the twentieth century.