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Tepary bean lectins induces apoptosis on human colon cancer cells and inhibits early tumorogenesis in rats

The aim of this study was to determine whether a lectin fraction (LF) from Tepary bean seeds (Phaseolus acutifolius) exhibits apoptotic induction on colon cancer cells and its in vivo effect on tumorogenesis in rats. Median lethal concentration (0.402 mg protein/mL) on HT‐29 cells caused a significant increase in caspase 3 activity, an overexpression of caspase 3 (35%) and caspase 9 (78%) and a 36.6% apoptosis increase determined by flow cytometry. Colon cancer was induced on male Sprague Dawley rats treated for 8 weeks with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (40 mg/body weight kg) and a subsequent administration of 50 mg of LF/body weight kg for 6 weeks. The LF provoked a decrease in food consumption and body weight of rats with a partial recovery at the end of the experiment. Histopathological analysis showed that LF decreased the incidence of early stages tumors in a 53% but no effect was observed on high grade carcinogenesis. The results show that LF induces apoptosis in colon cancer and it has inhibitory effect on early tumorogenesis.