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MODELED AND MODEL-FREE DIFFUSION PROCESS ASSESSMENT IN TISSUES BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING – A SHORT

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive tool to obtain information on the neural architecture in vivo. Among MR diffusion assessment techniques, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become the most popular. However, DTI suffers from intrinsic methodological limitations. The main drawback is the inability of the model to cope with non-Gaussian diffusion. DTI assumes that the diffusion in neural tissue is Gaussian (i.e. free, fast exchange across cellular compartments and with no restriction). DTI is unable to separate multiple compartments (partial volume effects, multiple fiber orientations etc.). The objectives of the present paper are to learn about the limits of the Gaussian diffusion model when applied to biological tissues and about model-free MR diffusion techniques.