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Stochastic image reconstruction in bioluminescence tomography with the equation of radiative transfer

The underlying mathematical model for bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is an ill-posed inverse source problem, which can be cast into an optimization problem of a χ2-error function. The error function quantifies the discrepancy between the measured and predicted partial current of bioluminescent light at the tissue boundary. In this work, the predicted partial current has been calculated prior to image reconstruction by solving the equation of radiative transfer (ERT) for a set of source basis functions of the entire tissue domain. A global optimization technique based on stochastic sampling principles probes the global parameter space of bioluminescent source distributions composed of source basis functions. The stochastic approach avoids a premature convergence, which can be caused, e.g., by a narrow or a shallow surface landscape of the χ2-error function. Initial reconstruction results are compared to gradient-based image reconstructions.