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Potential of tidal power plants on Tibo Beach with spektrum method

As time evolved, the demand for electrical energy also increased. As a result, renewable energy is needed to replace fossil fuels as fuel for electricity generation. Tidal water is one of the renewable alternative energy sources used as fuel for electricity generation. The tides will never run out and can also be predicted. One method that can predict data about waves is the Spectrum Method. Tide prediction data can be indicated by carrying out tidal height observations for 15 days at Tibo Beach, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. Based on observations, the data obtained are the highest high water level (HHWL) is 2.4 meters, and the lowest low water level (LLWL) is 0.1 meters. Also, the type of tides on the Tibo coast is a type of mixed waves that tend to double daily, there are two tides with high water and two tides with low water with different water levels. Because the value of formzahl is 0.312. With a 2.4 meter high HHWL and a sea area of 35.4 km2, the electricity generated is 13.08 MW.


Introduction
Along with the development of human civilization, the need for energy is also increasing. So far, most of the energy needs come from non-renewable energy, such as coal, which is usually used as fuel for electricity generation.
However, this energy cannot always fulfill all human needs in the long term, given that energy reserves are getting depleted and the production process, which takes millions of years. Therefore, an in-depth study of the use of renewable alternative energy is needed to answer this challenge. Apart from being renewable, alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly and at low cost are also needed. (Saputra,2019) An innovation by utilizing alternative energy sources, which has not been used to overcome electricity problems, is developed through this research. One of the abundant and inexhaustible energy sources is energy in the oceans, including tidal power, which is commonly found in Indonesian waters. (Sangari,2014) Tibo is one of the villages in Sindue District, which has relatively large sea waves. This is used as a reference that the beach, according to the author, is feasible in the research of Tidal Power Plants (PLTPS). For the village of Tibo itself, the technology to be developed is a tidal power plant using On Shore technology. This is because On Shore technology is very suitable for building areas that do not require extensive construction. The sea waves in Tibo Village are large enough to make it possible to produce electrical energy.
The purpose of this study was to determine the type of tides at Tibo Beach based on the calculation of the Formzahl number with the Spectrum method, to obtain the design water level elevation of the HHWL and LLWL at Tibo Beach, and to determine the potential generated by the tidal power plant on the coast of Tibo Beach. Based on the description above, the problem formulation of this research is how the type of tides that occur at Tibo Beach based on the calculation of Formzahl numbers using the Spectrum Method, what is the water level elevation of the HHWL and LLWL plans on Tibo Beach, and whether there is potential for tidal power plants at Tibo Beach.

Overview Of The Research Location
The research location is planned to be located in Tibo Village, Sindue District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, approximately 55 km from Palu City, with coordinates 00029'12,59" S, 119049'1,97" E

Tidal
Tides are fluctuations in sea level due to the attraction of objects in the sky, especially the sun and the moon, to seawater masses on earth. The moon's interest, which affects the tides, is 2.2 times greater than that of the sun (Triatmodjo, 2012). This is what causes when one area is experiencing high tide; other regions will experience receding seawater.

Tidal Curve
Tidal conditions can be displayed visually in the form of tidal curves. The curve describes the sea level at a particular time. The x-axis shows the time, while the y-axis shows the sea level. Tide height is the vertical distance measured from the top of the highest water to the lowest water position. The tidal period is the time it takes from the highest (or lowest) water level to the next highest (or lowest) water level. When the sea level moves up is called the Tide period, while the sea level moves down, it is called the quiet tide period.
According to Nontji (1987), there are four types of ebb and flow based on their period and regularity. Within a month, the daily variation of the tidal range changes systematically with the lunar cycle. The tidal range also depends on the shape of the waters and the configuration of the ocean floor. Here below the tides of seawater in Indonesia are divided into four types, namely:  Figure 2 Types of Tides that occur in Indonesia (Triatmodjo, 1999) Apart from looking at the tide data plotted in the form of a tidal type graph, it can also be determined based on the Formzahl (F) number, which is expressed in the form of the following equation: : Formzahl atau or tidal constant AK1 : The amplitude of the single daily mean tidal wave chicks are affected by the declination of the moon and the sun AO1: The amplitude of the mean single daily tidal wave children as affected by the declination of the sun AM2: The amplitude of the sub-daily mean double tidal wave affected by the moon AS2: Amplitude of the mean daily double tidal wave child affected by the sun The tidal type classification can be seen in Table 1.

Tidal Power Plant
Tidal Power Plants Seawater is a power plant that utilizes tidal energy in seawater to make energy in other forms, especially electricity, where tides can drive turbines to run a generator. Tidal power generation for seawater is renewable energy. There are two types of generator types: Tidal Dam (Barrage Tidal System) and Offshore Turbines (Onshore Turbines). The Sea Water Tidal Power 3. The tools must be sturdy so they can withstand any weather conditions. 4. A dam that covers a river mouth is very expensive to build, and covers a very large area so that it changes the environmental ecosystem both upstream and downstream for many kilometers. 5. Can only supply energy for approximately 10 hours per day, when the waves move in or out.

Tidal Power Plant (PLTPS) Type Onshore Turbines
This tidal power plant uses an offshore turbine method, which is more like an underwater version of a wind power plant. The form of a tidal turbine is as varied as the wind turbine. This system does not require a dam but is directly installed in the open seas; the thrust is generated from the movement of the kinetic energy of ocean currents; because the density of water is higher than the wind, the onshore turbine can produce tremendous power with the same size as the wind turbine where the tides can also be utilized so that they can drive turbines and generators. For the sea area (A) which is estimated to be able to push and produce energy movement in the sea area, it is assumed that the surface of the tidal energy generator is 9 km² (Theocsbury, 2020).

Tidal Harmonic Components
predict tides, the amplitudes and faces of each component of the tidal generator are needed. The main features of waves consist of the daily middle part, daily tides, and long-period tides. However, due to the interaction with the beach morphology and the superposition between the main tidal wave components, new tidal features are formed. These principal components, also called astronomical frequencies, are used to create interactive programming for the decomposition of tidal components. In the tidal analysis using the least-squares method, the amplitude and phase parts of the tidal harmonic equation are calculated based on observational data on the water level position within a certain period, using components with known frequencies. The number of tide components that can be decomposed depends on the length of the data; the longer the observation data, the more tidal details can be produced. For example, the number and pairs of components resulting from observation with a length of 1 month will differ from an observation length of 1 year. The tidal parts can be seen in Table 2 as follows

Least Square Method
In this study, the data processing method used the Spectral method. The Spectral Method is a transformation method which is presented as a Fourier Transform (Zakaria, 1998)

Bathymetry
A bathymetric map is a map of the sea's depth, which is expressed in several depths or depth contours measured against a vertical datum. Bathymetry (from the Greek meaning "depth" and "measure") is the study of the centers underwater and the three-dimensional analysis of the floor of an ocean or lake. A bathymetric map generally displays base or direct relief with contour lines called depth contours (isobaths) and may have additional information in the form of surface navigation information.
In general, the seabed relief is not very varied compared to land relief. This is due to weak erosion and sedimentation

Tidal Data Analysis
The data to be analyzed is tidal data from observations in the field that take place every hour for 15 days, from March 14, 2020, to March 28, 2020. From the data observation process, table compilers can be made to facilitate tidal data analysis. Then from this table, we can obtain the tide observation graph as follows:

Results of the Least Method of Tidal Data Analysis
Based on the results of tidal data analysis at Tibo Beach with the spectrum method, the tidal constituent values of 8 harmonic constants are shown in Table 3 below.  : Mixed tide prevailing semi diurnal 1,50 < F < 3,00 : Mixed tide prevailing diurnal F ≥ 3,00 : Diurnal tide Based on the requirements for the Formzahl number, the F value for the spectrum method is 0.312 (0.25 <F <1.50), so the type or type of tide for the Tibo Beach area, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi is mixed tide prevailing semi diurnal. This means that in one day there are two tides and two ebbs with different heights and intervals.

Calculating the Potential Electrical Energy Generated
To calculate the electric power that can be generated based on the tidal height of Tibo Beach, the description of the calculation of the power / energy that can be generated is as follows, by comparing the energy produced by forecasting sea water waves Known : ρ = 1025 kg/m 3 g = 9,81 m/s 2 Htide = HHWL -LWLL = 2,3 m A = 35.4 km 2 (fetch value) Amount of Etide = ½ x A x ρ x g x h 2 = 94 x 10 10 J From the results of the previous discussion that on Tibo Beach there were 2 tides and 2 receding times a day, then the potential energy generated when the sea water receded was 0. So that the total electrical energy that can be generated in one day can be 188 x 10 10 J E per day = 188 x 10 10 J / (24 x 3600) IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1212/1/012039 8 = 21.79 x10 6 Watt = 21.79 MW It is assumed that the efficiency value of the generator is 60%., So the potential generated by the tidal effect of sea water on Tibo Beach with an estimated sea area can push and produce energy movement in the sea area covering an area of 35.4 km2 and a head as high as 2.4 meters namely 13.08 MW.

Determining the Position of PLTPS
Bathymetry maps can be interpreted as a measure of the sea's depth, both regarding the seafloor elevation's size, which is a source of information and an overview of the seabed, and provides many clues about marine structure (Nurjaya, 1991). The following is a bathymetric map of the Tibo beach which can be seen in Figure 5  The image above is the Contour Map of Tibo Beach. The tool used when measuring is a depth meter; this is a tool to measure the sea's depth, centered from above sea level to below the seabed. The purpose of bathymetry measurement is to determine the seafloor depth's condition, which will then be used as the basis for determining the position of the power plant so that it can be known and also as a reference point for determining the height of MSL, HHWL, and LLWL. In the data collection process, the depth of seawater is measured at an interval of 10 meters from the coast, then the surfer software is used to create the bathymetric map image results.

Conclusion
Based on the calculation of Formzahl numbers, the Type of Tides at Tibo Beach is a type of tide. Mixed tide tends to double daily (composite wave prevailing semi-diurnal), where in one day, there are two times Tide a day with different heights and different intervals. Based on the results of data processing using the Spectrum method, the HHWL value is 2.4 meters. And the LLWL value is 0.1 meter. Tibo Beach is one of the beaches in Central Sulawesi, which can become a place for a Tidal Power Plant. Because based on the results of data processing, the power generated from the calculation of tidal power potential energy at the coast of Tibo is 13.08 MW. Also, Tibo Beach is one of the beaches in Central Sulawesi that has the potential and meets the requirements for constructing a tidal power plant.