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An evaluation of soil phytoliths for reconstructing plant communities and palaeoclimate in the northern temperate region

Phytoliths can act as efficient carriers of information about palaeovegetation and palaeoclimatic conditions, but the representativeness of soil phytoliths from palaeoecological sediments has not been fully understood. In this study, phytolith assemblages in topsoils and associated plant communities at 55 sites in Northeast China were compared. The results indicate that samples from herbaceous and woody communities could be reliably differentiated by topsoil phytoliths. Notably, different phytolith types exhibit varying degrees of representational bias in terms of the aboveground plant community. Some morphotypes (e.g., bilobate, rondel and lanceolate) over‐represent the richness of the corresponding plant; some morphotypes, including microhair, conical epidermal, silicified stomata and epidermal phytoliths, under‐represent the parent plant abundance; additional morphotypes (e.g., elongate, saddle and trapeziform sinuate) are consistent with the changes of associated plants. Based on the representational bias, we calibrated the percentages of topsoil phytoliths and established a phytolith‐based transfer function for precipitation in Northeast China. A palaeoclimate reconstruction in the Changbai Mountains (in the eastern part of Northeast China) based on the above phytolith‐based transfer function for precipitation shows that the region has gone through continuous climatic changes since the late glacial period: from cold and dry conditions to warm and dry conditions, then to warm and wet conditions, and finally to cool and dry conditions. The phytolith‐based reconstructed climate changes since the late glacial period correspond well to those reconstructed by other records from the same stratigraphic profile, and our phytolith‐based climatic reconstruction also confirms the reliability of abrupt cold climatic shifts at 8.2, 6.8, 5.6, 4.6 and 4.2 ka. In conclusion, our results provide the basis for the reliability of phytoliths for reconstructing climatic changes in the northern temperate region.