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A review of advanced characteristic mode theories for complex electromagnetic problems

Characteristic mode (CM) theory is widely used nowadays for analysis and design of radiation and scattering problems. In this paper, we discuss the recent developments of advanced characteristic mode theory and its applications in complex electromagnetic (EM) problems. Following the deep physical insights into the radiation and scattering mechanisms of complex electromagnetic open problems, the effective use of CM allows antenna designs and scattering control in a systematic way. This is also what the latest progress of advanced CM theory developments made at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) can really benefit the EM community.