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A novel approach to bioremediation of chromium using bacterial strains resistant to oxidative stress

Bioremediation is a process by which microorganisms reduce or prevent the negative effects of pollutants and contaminants in the environment. It has emerged as an effective and relatively inexpensive method utilized to clean up toxic waste sites and polluted environments. Given its powerful applications, an important focus in this field is the genetic engineering of microorganisms to increase the rate of bioremediation. Many naturally occurring bacteria have been found to detoxify the environment by reducing Chromium (VI) to Chromium (III). Chromium (VI) is a carcinogen that enters the environment as a byproduct from factories and industrial waste sites. Reducing this contaminant from the hexavalent form to its trivalent form makes its less soluble in water and less likely to contaminate water supplies. A problematic byproduct of the reduction process is the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, we hypothesize that protecting bacteria involved in bioremediation from this oxidative stress will improve their capacity for bioremediation. The aim of this research is to genetically engineer bacteria such as E. coli that have improved resistance to the oxidative stress associated with chromium (VI) reduction. These heightened defenses against oxidative stress should increase viability of bacteria and improve bioremediation of Chromium (VI).