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Detoxification of Datura metel L. seeds using Shodhana (purifying process) and estimation of scopolamine content

BACKGROUND: The seeds of Datura metel L. are classified as toxic in the classical texts of Ayurveda and hence need to be purified by the traditional method as mentioned before using for medications. METHODS: In this study, the seeds of Datura metel L. were detoxified by Shodhana, an Ayurvedic purifying process. The process of detoxification (Shodhana) was performed by soaking the seeds in gomutra (cow’s urine) and boiling them in godugdha (cow’s milk). The preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical analyses were performed simultaneously for the processed and unprocessed Datura metel L. seeds. The total ethanol and chloroform extracts of the processed and unprocessed Datura metel L. seed samples were used for chemical profiling using high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Scopolamine content was quantified by HPLC in both processed and unprocessed seeds. RESULTS: Scopolamine was not detected in the chloroform extract. The ethanol extract found that the detoxification process has removed scopolamine content in the processed Datura metel L. seed. An attempt has been made to identify the chemical constituents responsible for the toxicity by measuring the level of major chemical constituents before and after the detoxification of seeds. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the process of Shodhana was effective by reducing the content of scopolamine, and hence it was mandatory and supports its use in medications.