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Phenotypic characterisation of early-ripening sweet cherry cultivars in the Czech germplasm collection

The evaluated sweet cherry genebank was established at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. in 1989. Holovousy has an annual temperature of 8.4°C and precipitation of 663.5 mm. Since its establishment, new accessions have continuously supplemented this collection. The collection (three plants representing each cultivar) was planted at an altitude of 320 m with spacing of 6.0×6.0 m on Prunus avium rootstock. Weed-free strips were maintained under the bushes with the application of herbicide. Regularly cut grass was established between the rows. Here, we report the evaluation of economically important characters in 26 early-ripening sweet cherry cultivars in 2015 and 2016. Fruits of early-ripening sweet cherry cultivars ripened in the 1st and 2nd cherry weeks. These early cultivars ripened at the same time as the reference cultivar ‘Burlat’, or 10 days earlier. Vegetative and fruit characters were evaluated. Phenotypic characterisation revealed high diversity among the analysed germplasm. ‘Merchant’ (8.27 g), ‘Valerij Tschkalov’ (8.24 g), and ‘Burlat’ (7.36 g) had the biggest fruits. In contrast, ‘Fruheste der Mark’ (2.45 g) and ‘Moravska rychlice’ (2.94 g) had the smallest fruits. While ‘Early Rivers’, ‘Burlat’, and ‘Merchant’ ranked the highest for taste, ‘Kisinevskaja’, ‘Moravska rychlice’, ‘Munchenberska’, ‘Fruheste der Mark’, ‘Rivan’, ‘Skierniewice 1’, and ‘Skorospielka’ ranked the lowest. The most important sweet cherry cultivars are described in this paper.