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QTL mapping of seed germination-related traits in Brassica napus L. under aluminum toxicity stress

Qing-Yuan 400715, China Abstract: With the aggravation of soil acidification, aluminum toxicity has become one of the important stress factors that affect crop seed germination quality and crop yield. There have been many reports on QTL mapping and candidate gene screening for aluminum tolerance related traits in crops, but few reports on QTL mapping for aluminum tolerance during germination in Brassica napus L. The seed germination test was conducted on the recombinant inbred line population treated with 80 µg mL  1 aluminum solution and with distilled water as control. Germination potential was investigated at 3 d, germination rate was investigated at 7 d, root length, bud length and dry weight were measured, and the relative values of various characters were calculated. Based on 6K SNP chip and combined with high density genetic linkage map, we detected 23 QTLs for five traits in rape germination period. QTLs for relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative root length, relative bud length and relative dry weight were 9, 1, 4, 5, and 4 respectively, covering A and C genomes, with LOD values notypic variation from 7.70% to 13.10%. According to the confidence interval sequence of each QTL, 30 candidate genes related to aluminum stress were screened. ALMT1 gene and MATE gene are related to the synthesis and secretion of organic acids, which mainly enhance the aluminum tolerance of plants through the secretion of organic acids such as malic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid. STOP1 gene, NAC gene and RAP2.4 gene all belong to transcription activation factors, which enhance the resistance of plants by inducing the expression of aluminum tolerance genes. ABC transporter, membrane protein transporter, GDSL lipase enhance aluminum tolerance of plants by reducing accumulation of toxic substances on plasma membrane or discharging toxic substances out of body. Peroxidase and cytochrome P450 are genes related to oxidative stress, which have the functions of pre-venting oxidative damage of plant cells and resisting stress. At the same time, many genes encoding stress proteins were found, which play an important role in various stress reactions. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of aluminum-tolerant rape varieties and the functional research of subsequent genes.