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Preoperative radiation therapy for patients with T2–T3 carcinoma of the middle‐to‐lower rectum

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of preoperative radiation therapy (RT) on the objective responses of patients with rectal carcinoma to their treatment. These effects were assessed with endorectal ultrasound (EUS) evaluation, histopathologic grading of postirradiation tumor mass reduction in the surgical specimen, and analysis of local and distant recurrences.