{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04364326375711575, 'fraction_numerical': 0.016129032258064516, 'mean_word_length': 5.432926829268292, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effect of high temperature on normal-strength high-performance concrete

Abstract This paper investigates fire resistance of normal-strength high-performance concrete (NS-HPC), at water/binder (W/B) ratios of 0·45, 0·36 and 0·32, with compressive strength of 28-days ranging from 42·5 to 56·3 MPa. The spalling test reveals that, among six types of NS-HPC, the three types of plain concrete encounter spalling as well, different from the previous finding that explosive spalling will not occur in normal strength concrete. Specifically, with a dense microstructure for attaining good permeability-related durability, normal-strength concrete will also be prone to explosive spalling thermally induced. Polymer fibre (PP fibre) does prevent NS-HPC from explosive spalling. NS-HPC subjected to high temperature loses its mechanical properties in a manner similar to that of high-strength/high-performance concrete (HS-HPC). Nevertheless, the relationship between dense microstructure of NS-HPC and explosive spalling occurrence needs further investigation.