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Size-Dependent Thermodynamic Properties of Two Types of Phase Transitions of Nano-Bi2O3 and Their Differences

The thermostability of nanomaterials has crucial influences on their performances and applications, but the effect of regularities of particle size on the crystal transition and melting thermodynamics for the same kind of nanoparticles and the relationships of the thermodynamics between the two types of phase transitions are unclear. In this paper, we proposed a core–shell model applied to the crystal transition and melting of nanospheres, and on this basis, the equations of size-dependent thermodynamic properties for crystal transition and melting were deduced. Experimentally, we prepared nano-Bi2O3 with different particle diameters by the hydrothermal method and determined the crystal transition (from phase α to δ) and melting behaviors of nano-Bi2O3 by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results indicate that the effects of particle size on the two types of phase-transition thermodynamic properties of nano-Bi2O3 are dramatic. We found that the effect of regularities of particle size on ...