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Immunolocalization of interleukin-8 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gingival keratinocytes in patients with periodontitis

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between local expression of IL-8 and the localization of neutrophilic granulocytes, using CD16 as a marker of neutrophils. We also investigated the correlation between IL-8 and epithelial proliferation using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker of proliferation. The distribution of IL-8, CD16 and PCNA/cyclin was determined by immunocytochemical techniques. We used cryostat-cut sections from gingival biopsies harvested from 5 subjects with and 5 subjects without periodontitis. Our histological examination demonstrated that the localization of neutrophilic granulocytes in gingival tissue from patients with periodontitis did not correlate with the expression of IL-8. In all tissue sections from patients and controls, the inflammatory cells accumulated near the pocket epithelium and only a few leukocytes deviated from this pattern. In the patient group, keratinocytes not belonging to the pocket or junctional epithelium expressed IL-8 without any evidence of a chemoattractant effect on neutrophils. The marker of proliferation, PCNA/cyclin, was expressed in keratinocytes in the basal cell layer. The expression was less pronounced in the control group. Our finding that IL-8 was expressed in proliferating cells suggests that IL-8 may have a role in keratinocyte proliferation.