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Transcendence From Patient-Centered Care to Person-Centered Care: A Study of the Biopsychosocial Impact of Personality on Health

dimensions (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). Well-being and ill-being data were collected via self-reported tests using 6or 7-point Likert scales that measured temperament, character inventory, harmony in life, satisfaction with life, resiliency, positive and negative affect, and stress. The results of the surveys showed that patients’ personalities explained the variance of all well-being measures and most ill-being measures. Self-directedness (ie, self-determination and self-sufficiency) was the character dimension most positively related to all well-being measures and negatively related to illbeing. Harm avoidance, on the other hand, showed an inverse relationship. Self-transcendence was associated positively with harmony in life, resilience, positive affect, and energy, implying that the soul aspect of a patient’s personality, which allows one to have a sense of being part of something bigger than the self, is associated with well-being. Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO, viewed the body as a triune being and believed that body, mind, and spirit1 were all vital to the care of the patient. This study suggests that the biopsychosocial aspect of care is important to the osteopathic medical profession and indicates that supporting resiliency and self-directedness in patients is key to a personcentered approach. Future studies are needed to clarify the permanence of these personality traits and to demonstrate how health care professionals can coach patients to become more resilient and selfaware. (doi:10.7556/jaoa.2016.137)