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HB‐GAM is a cytokine present in Alzheimer's and Down's syndrome lesions

The distribution of heparin binding growth associated molecule (HB-GAM) in the cerebral amyloidoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome (DS), conditions characterized by the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ), was investigated immunohistochemically. Antibodies to HB-GAM, a cytokine which plays an important role in brain development and maturation, showed strong immunoreactivity with senile plaques in both AD and DS. Anti-HB-GAM reacted with pre-amyloid lesions, but only when markers of dystrophic neurites were present. The presence of HB-GAM in AD brains, but not in control brains, was confirmed by Western blotting. We suggest that the presence of HB-GAM in Aβ lesions is a marker of neuronal injury.