{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013850415512465374, 'fraction_numerical': 0.003693444136657433, 'mean_word_length': 4.988950276243094, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Body dysmorphic disorder, radical surgery and the limits of consent.

For most people, the idea that anyone would wish to have a perfectly healthy leg amputated must seem bizarre. Such people exist. In 2000 there was a media furore, when it was disclosed that a Scottish surgeon had operated upon two adult male patients reportedly suffering from a rare form of a psychological condition known as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), in each case amputating a healthy leg. Since then, the question of whether such surgery is ethically or legally permissible has been a matter of debate. The subject raises issues as to the extent to which it is proper to treat adults with psychiatric or psychological disorders with radical surgery, particularly where the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disorder is uncertain or disputed; the limitations which ought to be placed upon consent as a means of rendering surgery lawful and whether the criminal law ought to have a place in controlling operations provided by qualified surgeons upon competent adults with their consent.