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The Quest for Reaching Replacement Level of Fertility in Bangladesh and Italy: Issues and Considerations

Bangladesh and Italy, while being different in terms of terms of socio-economic context, population growth, fertility rate, and religious background, among others, share a common goal of lowering fertility to reach replacement level of fertility. On this point, both countries have promoted new norms of family size, cultural values, and even curbed influences of religious institutions. This paper presents an overview of each country's efforts to reach replacement level of fertility, details problems each country has encountered in attempting to reach replacement level of fertility, and puts forth a sociological explanation that explains their attempts to reach replacement level of fertility.