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Acute pancreatitis severity according to its etiology: Hypertrigliceridemia vs. other causes

Background and purpose of the study. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HIAP) has a more severe clinical evolution compared to pancreatitis due to other causes (POC). The objective of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes of patients with HIAP or POC. Material and methods. Transversal comparative study of acute pancreatitis (AP) presented in our hospital for four years. Clinical, biochemical, and imaging variables were recorded. AP severity was assessed according to validated prognostic scales. The rate of admission to critical care units, intubation requirement, complications, inpatient stays, and mortality were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Student’s t-test, χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test, to compare the HIAP arm to the POC arm. Results. 21 patients with HIAP and 129 patients with POC were enrolled in the study. No significant differences were observed in prognostic indexes (APACHE II, BISAP, Atlanta, Balthazar, and tomography severity index) between both arms. The rate of admission to intensive care units was similar for both (4.8 vs. 5.5%; P = 1.00). The length of inpatient stay was not statistically different between such arms (7.7 ± 10 vs. 7.3 ± 4.7 days). Conclusion. Patients with HIAP exhibited a clinical evolution similar to patients with POC. However, data in this regard are still insufficient.