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Volumetric ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy using a 32×32 matrix array

Ultrasound localization microscopy has first been demonstrated to overcome the penetration/resolution trade-off [Couture et al IEEE IUS 2011]. Inspired by FPALM in optics and exploiting ultrafast ultrasound imaging, it allowed the reconstruction of a full velocity map of the rat brain vasculature with a micrometric resolution (8μm) [Errico et al. Nature, 2015]. Despite additional successes for tumour imaging [Lin et al, Theranostics, 2017], this plane-by-plane technique suffers from minute-long acquisitions, out-of-plane microbubbles and tissue motion which cannot be corrected for [Hingot et al. Ultrasonics 2017] and the loss of information due to the projection of a 3D vascular structure into a 2D image. We previously proposed the use of two parallel arrays to compensate part of these drawbacks [Desailly et al., APL, 2013]. We present here a method to perform super-resolution in a full volume with an isotropic 2D matrix transducer performing 3D ultrafast imaging.