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chronic schizophrenia : a voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study Running title : BACS-J and whole-brain structure

Aim: The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (BACS) is a concise tool designed to evaluate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We examined the possible association between BACS scores and whole-brain structure, as observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a relatively large sample. Methods: The study sample comprised 116 patients with schizophrenia (mean age, 39.3 ± 11.1 years; 66 men) and 118 healthy controls (40.0 ± 13.6; 58 men) who completed the Japanese version of the BACS (BACS-J). All participants were of Japanese ethnicity. The MRI volume and diffusion tensor imaging data were processed with voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics, respectively. Results: There were significant reductions in the regional gray matter volumes and This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. A cc ep te d A rti cl e white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. For the gray matter areas, the working memory score had a significant positive correlation with the anterior cingulate and medial frontal cortices volumes positively in the patients. For the white matter areas, the motor speed score had a significant positive correlation with FA values in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, superior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus positively in the patients. However, there was no significant correlation among either the gray or white matter areas in the controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that among the BACS-J measures, the working memory and motor speed scores are associated with several structural alternations in the brain of patients with schizophrenia.