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Pravastatin Treatment of Very Low Density, Intermediate Density and Low Density Lipoproteins in Hypercholesterolemia and Combined Hyperlipidemia Secondary to the Nephrotic Syndrome

Background/Aims: In the current study pravastatin was used in nephrotic syndrome patients with hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia to test whether the drug decreases production of LDL and reduces levels of VLDL and IDL. Methods: Thirteen patients (7 with high LDL alone and 6 with high VLDL, IDL and LDL) were randomized in a placebo-controlled study that had a crossover design. Patients were treated 8 weeks with pravastatin (40 mg/day) (or placebo) and switched to the corresponding placebo/drug for another 8 weeks. During each phase of the trial, patients had measurement of plasma levels of lipoprotein lipids, and turnover rates of autologous LDL apo B. Results: Pravastatin increased LDL clearance by 16.7% and reduced total cholesterol content per LDL particle in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In combined hyperlipidemia, LDL clearance increased by 19% and there was no significant change in the production of LDL-apo B. Levels of VLDL+IDL apo B were not reduced significantly, while the total cholesterol content of these particles was reduced by 31.7%. Conclusion: Pravastatin effectively reduced LDL levels in both types of dyslipidemia by increasing LDL clearance. Treatment had no effect on production of LDL or on levels of VLDL+IDL-apo B. Thus, pravastatin increases LDL clearance. Statins do not seem to affect production rates of apo B-containing lipoproteins. Treatment of combined hyperlipidemia may require pravastatin and an added drug targeted to normalize levels of VLDL and IDL.