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Relationship between antral acidity and gastrin releasing potency of chemical stimulants.

The effect of antral acidity on gastrin releasing potency of some compounds was studied in Pavlov and Heidenhain pouch dogs. Gastrin release by an unionized stimulatory compound (ethanol) was less sensitive to changes of pH than that by ionized compounds (choline, acetylcholine) or a compound with amphoteric characteristics (glycine). All dogs showed pronounced signs of general, cholinergic activation with the highest concentration of choline at pH 7 in the dose-response curve indicating absorption through the antral mucous membrane. Absorption of choline showed pH dependency and no signs of cholinergic excitation were obtained at pH 5 or below. At low pH levels (pH 1–2) acid may produce a general, physiological insensitivity of the gastrin release mechanism to all stimuli and at higher pH levels the action of acid most likely includes effects related to changes of ionization and absorption of stimuli. In comparison with maximal acid output to intravenous histamine, choline was found to be the most potent compound under study. Responses to 4 % choline solutions at pH 7 reached the same level and responses at pH 5 exceeded the maximal histamine response. Responses to acetylcholine and glycine were 60–65 % of maximal histamine response at the most, whereas acid output to antral irrigation with ethanol only reached 1/3 of the maximal histamine response.