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Challenges in interventional cardiology: embolic complications, cancer patients, and duration of antithrombotic therapy.

In this issue we are publishing the first contribution of a new series authored by none other than Professor Eugene Braunwald, one of our true legends. Professor Braunwald has kindly agreed to share with us his thoughts, ideas, and musings in short contributions for the ‘Braunwald’s Corner’ series. They will span from the history of cardiology to his vision of the future of cardiology. Professor Braunwald was forced to leave Vienna in 1938 when he was 9 years old, and emigrated to New York where he graduated first in his class from the New York University School of Medicine. This was the beginning of an extraordinary scientific and academic career. His seminal contributions published in the last 60 years range from cardiac mechanics to ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, and heart failure. Professor Braunwald is a living example for all of us, and in particular for our younger colleagues, of how intelligence, optimism, determination, and confidence in science can allow us to overcome even the darkest moments in our history. On behalf of the Editorial Board, I am grateful to Professor Braunwald, a scientists and a gentlemen, for his ongoing dedication to the European Heart Journal. The first of these pieces is entitled ‘Cardiology in 2021’, and we hope that this marks the first of many of such wonderful contributions. We next publish the Special Article ‘Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists’, authored by Angela Maas from the Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and colleagues. The authors note that women undergo important changes in their sex hormones throughout their lifetime that can impact cardiovascular disease risk. Whereas the traditional cardiovascular risk factors dominate in older age, there are several female-specific risk factors and inflammatory risk variables that importantly influence a woman’s risk at younger and middle age. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and gestational hypertension are associated with a higher risk in younger women. Menopause transition has an adverse effect additional to ageing that may demand specific attention to ensure an acceptable cardiovascular risk profile and quality of life. In this position paper, the authors provide an update of obstetric and gynaecological conditions that interact with cardiovascular risk in women, including pregnancy disorders, menopause, and other endocrine and gynaecological conditions (Figure 1). Practice points for clinical use are given according to the latest standards from various related disciplines. This consensus document provides a summary of the views of an expert panel organized by the Task Force on Gender of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and an ad-hoc multidisciplinary ESC working group on Women’s Health in Menopause. This issue continues with a focus on interventional cardiology. In a Special Article entitled ‘The year in cardiovascular medicine 2020: interventional cardiology’, Fernando Alfonso from the Hospital Universitario de La Princesa in Madrid, Spain, and colleagues note that percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) constitute the most widely used revascularization modality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The past year witnessed major advances in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including both ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation ACS, together with the presentation of a new clinical practice guideline. Management of patients with chronic coronary syndrome with demonstrable ischaemia has been specifically addressed by a new pivotal randomized trial. Significant advancements in the treatment-specific lesion subsets together with novel data on longterm results of interventional devices have been published. Moreover, the value of physiological assessment before and after PCI