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From Sweet Corn By-Products to Carotenoid-Rich Encapsulates for Food Applications

In the present study, carotenoids were recovered from processing sweet corn by-products (SCB). The total carotenoid content determined in the SCB extract was 1.19 mg/100 g DW, and the principal carotenoids identified by the HPLC technique were zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein. Freeze- and spray-drying techniques were applied for the encapsulation of SCB extract; for this purpose, four different wall materials were used: two proteins (soy and pea) and two carbohydrates (maltodextrin and inulin). The physicochemical characteristics of eight encapsulates were determined to assess their stability. The obtained results indicate that, by using the freeze-drying method, better water activity, moisture content as well as encapsulation efficiency were achieved. Spray-drying resulted in better flowing properties. All obtained encapsulates were microbiologically safe for food applications due to the fact that the obtained results are in agreement with the requirements for consumer safety, i.e., for further food applications and scale-up processes. Chemometric classification and ranking techniques were applied to observe potential grouping among the investigated encapsulates and to select the most favorable encapsulates regarding the used wall materials and encapsulation techniques for the assessment of sustainability in food products. The most suitable wall material and encapsulation technique for the assessment of sustainability in food products was produced by freeze-drying pea protein as a wall material (FDP).