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Prospects of nanotechnology for high-efficiency solar cells

The advances of semiconductor solar cells enabled a paradigm shift of clean alternative energy generation marked by Bell Labs' first modern solar cell (a.k.a. “Photovoltaic Cell (PV)” made from crystal silicon in 1954. The solar cells fabricated from crystal Si is now reached to its energy conversion efficiency from 6% to 22% in the last 55 years. Still, more developments are going on to bring Si solar cell conversion efficiency closer to its theoretical limit to 30.7%. Solar Cells from other materials such as compound semiconductors is now reached to close to 50%. The late 1990s, energy generation utilizing the photovoltaic effects witnessed another disruptive and yet exhilarating progress enabled by nano-structured materials and devices structured. Nano structure based solar cell can be explained as a method of increasing surface area and increasing the photon capture which, in this case, is a multiple nano-solar cells. The result is a capability to increase the aggregate energy conversion efficiency significantly more than conventional solar cell.