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Adhesion molecule expression in psoriatic skin lesions and the influence of cyclosporin A

Normal skin of healthy individuals and both lesional and uninvolved skin from patients with psoriasis before and after receiving cyclosporin A (CsA; 25 or 5 mg/kg per day) was examined by immunocytochemistry for differences in expression of adhesion‐relevant epitopes. Normal, lesional and uninvolved skin all showed staining of basal keratinocytes for CD29 (the common β chain of the βl‐integrin family). No other adhesion molecule investigated was detected on structural components of normal skin. In uninvolved skin, weak expression of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule I, ICAM‐1) was noted on vascular endothelium. Uninvolved keratinocytes were found to stain with anti‐CD58 (leucocyte function‐associated antigen3, LFA‐3) and there was weak expression of CD1 Ib (α chain of complement C3bi receptor) and CD11c (αchain of p150, 95 molecule) but not CD1 la (leucocyte function‐associated antigen1, LFA‐I, α chain) on those cells. In lesional skin, in addition to expression of CD58, there was also enhanced expression of CD11c. Weak expression of CD54 on keratinocytes was also observed. Lesional blood vessels were found to stain strongly with anti‐CD54, CD29 and CD58. CDlla was expressed only on infiltrating mononuclear cells. CsA treatment produced marked clinical improvement, accompanied by the loss of CD54 expression on keratinocytes. However, despite the loss of T cells from lesional skin with CsA treatment, CD54 persisted on blood vessels. CsA was found to have no effect on keratinocyte expression of CD29. CD58 or CD11bande. The persistence of CD54 on vascular endothelium and of adhesion molecule expression on keratinocytes, despite resolution of the skin lesions, may explain the universal and rapid recurrence of psoriasis on cessation of CsA administration.