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Reliability Based Critical infrastructure upgrade with photovoltaic integration and Strategic energy storage

Increased penetration of renewables to the transmission network with energy storage systems has increased the need for extended reliability assessment of load points of transformers and transmission lines. Solar power intermittency limits its significance in maximum integration and dependence by utilities. Therefore, its necessary to determine PV and energy storage levels to improve essential infrastructure reliability. The essential component’s reliability is greatly influenced by the location PV and BESS. In this paper, the Markov modelling technique is adopted in designing both photovoltaic systems and BESS stochastic models. The model is used for reliability improvements studies of critical points. The paper is focused with PV and BESS locations and penetration levels influence on reliability improvements. This is achieved by using the failure and repair rates of photovoltaic and battery storage adopted in determining state probabilities and frequencies. The IEEE 24 bus system is used to evaluate load point reliability for different test case scenarios of photovoltaic integration and energy storage in Digsilent reliability tool Software. The simulation results indicate that integration of PV and BESS improves system reliability and load point reliability of critical infrastructures. However, integration of PV and BESS at different locations results in reduced reliability due to network overloading and solar intermittency effects. The network maximum PV and BESS penetration level is determined to be 32.5%, above which system failure occurs.