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Inhibitory effects of titanium (III) citrate on enumeration of bacteria from rumen contents

Titanium citrate (TC) or L-cysteine-sodium sulfide was added as a reducing agent to buffers and agar media used for enumeration of bacteria from rumen contents of high-forage-fed steers. Approximately equal colony counts were found on TC and L-cysteine-sodium sulfide-reduced media with rumen contents taken 8 h postfeeding, when active bacterial growth was occurring. The colony counts on TC medium were only 56% of those with L-cysteine-sodium sulfide medium with rumen contents taken 1 h prefeeding when bacterial growth was minimal. When colonies from L-cysteine-sodium sulfide medium were transferred to TC medium and vice versa, almost all colonies grew. The data indicate that TC can be inhibitory to bacteria upon their initial isolation from natural habitats, particularly when growth rates are low in these habitats.