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Direct-Sequence Rician Fading Spread Spectrum in a Shadowed Land-Mobile Satellite channel

The performance of a direct sequence spread-spectrum land-mobile satellite transmission system, using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, is analyzed. The satellite channel is modeled as having shadowed Rician fading characteristics. The bit error probability is evaluated, considering both the envelope and the phase variation. Assuming a Gaussian approximation for the interference, numerical results are obtained for both spread-spectrum and narrowband land-mobile satellite communication systems with BPSK modulation. A comparison of the two systems is made for light, average, and heavy shadowing.