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Natural killer cell-mediated antitumor reactivity of rhesus monkeys.

We have analyzed natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antitumor activity or peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rhesus monkeys. All monkeys displayed significant NK cell cytolytic activity against the human tumor cell lines K-562, Daudi and CEM in a short-term (3 h) 51Cr-release assay. Similar to NK cells described in other species, the cytotoxic cells of monkeys were relatively nonadherent to nylon wool columns, exhibited low density after separation on discontinuous Percoll density gradients, and displayed large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology. Analysis of the mechanism of NK cell cytotoxicity of rhesus monkeys demonstrated that on the average, 7.1% (range: 3.1-13.2%) of lymphocytes bound to K-562 tumor, and that approximately 14.8% (range: 7.9-26.3%) of these tumor-binding cells (TBC) were cytolytically active. Examination of TBC on cytocentrifuge slides indicated that the majority of binders displayed LGL morphology. The cytotoxic reaction mediated by monkey NK cells exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics pattern; the maximum rate of lysis (Vmax) of K-562 was found to be 1-2 X 10(4) following 3 h of incubation. Using similar culture conditions, the recycling capacity of NK cells of this species was estimated at 2-6 times. Finally, it was observed that the NK cell activity of most monkeys could be potentiated following in vitro exposure to the biological response modifier, interleukin-2.