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Byron’s Cultural Ecology

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is Byron’s first major expression of his environmental consciousness, a product of the existential embeddedness he achieved during his 1810–11 tour of Greece. Canto 2 represents Greek culture as an evolved outgrowth of its environment, and Greece as a place that depends upon preserving the integration of natural and built environments in order to retain its identity as the spiritual birthplace of European concepts of freedom. This environmental portrait underlies Byron’s Philhellenism and his critique of Lord Elgin’s removal of key artifacts of the Greek cultural environment. In later writings, Byron extended this environmental consciousness to a vision of Europe and the Mediterranean as a bioregion connected by its waterways. Byron’s cultural ecology provokes some necessary rethinking of key ecocritical concepts, specifically “dwelling” and “nature,” leading to a broader understanding of how writers imagine human‐environment relationships.