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Association between metabolic syndrome and humoral immune response to Pfizer BioNTech vaccine in healthcare workers

Purpose: The clustering of metabolic abnormalities may weaken vaccine induced immunity, but epidemiological data regarding SARS_CoV_2 vaccines are scarce. The present study examined the cross_sectional association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and humoral immune response to Pfizer_BioNTech vaccine among healthcare workers. Methods: Participants were 946 healthcare workers, aged 21 to 75 years, who had completed the second dose of Pfizer_BioNTech vaccine 1 to 3 months before the survey. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. SARS_CoV_2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was measured using quantitative assays. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the geometric mean titers (GMT) and geometric mean ratio (GMR) of IgG titers, relative to MetS status. Results: A total of 51 participants (5.4%) had MetS. Healthcare workers with MetS had a significantly lower IgG titer (GMT 3882; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3124, 4824) than those without MetS (GMT 5033; 95% CI, 4395, 5764); the GMR was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64, 0.93). The GMR for IgG titers among those having 0 (reference group), 1, 2, 3, or 4 (or 5) MetS components was 1.00, 1.00, 0.89, 0.86 and 0.61, respectively (Ptrend = 0.004). Conclusion: Results suggest that having MetS and a greater number of its components are associated with a weaker humoral immune response to the Pfizer_BioNTech vaccine.