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Voltage-controllable magnetic composite based on multifunctional polyethylene microparticles.

Multifunctional particles have been envisioned as new building blocks of matter, as their unique optical, magnetic, and electric attributes make it possible to create materials with novel properties. In particular, microand nanoparticles that are either electric-dipolar or ferromagnetic have found applications in display technology and bio-sensing. In this communication, we show that electric and magnetic moments can be combined within a single particle. This not only introduces an extra tool in the manipulation of dipolar particles, but permits the magnetic properties of an ensemble of these particles to be controlled by the application of an electrostatic field. Magnetization control with a voltage has to our knowledge never before been realized for particles or in soft-matter materials. Here, we describe electric-dipolar micromagnets embedded in a poly-dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) film, so the particles can reorient when a voltage is applied. We demonstrate that the PDMS containing the polymeric micromagnets can be operated as an electrically addressable magnetic switch and exhibits hysteresis, which arises not from the alignment of magnetic domains, but from the orientation of the individual micromagnets within the PDMS elastomer. The present system is based on microparticles that have an electric dipole moment and are simultaneously ferromagnetic. The electric and magnetic moments are preferably parallel or anti-parallel to each other, as shown schematically in Figure 1a. If a particle with parallel moments is free to rotate, then its electric dipole can align with an externally applied electric field and will therefore automatically give rise to a magnetic field in the direction of the electric field. Similarly, the magnetic field will be antiparallel to the electric field for a particle with antiparallel moments. This idea was originally proposed by Tellegen in the context of network elements, when he suggested that it might be possible to make a suspension containing microscopic magnets, each coupled to a polarized dielectric (electret). An experimental challenge in fabricating such a suspension-based system exists,