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Effect of delta‐tocotrienols and green tea polyphenols on high‐fat‐diet‐induced bone deterioration in male C57BL/6J mice

Our previous studies demonstrated an osteo‐protective roles for tocotrienols (TT, extracted from annatto consisting of 90% delta‐TT and 10% gamma TT) and green tea polyphenols (GTP, extracted from green tea) in obese animals. This study further examined the combined effects of TT with GTP on high‐fat‐diet (HFD) induced bone deterioration in obese male mice. Forty male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups (n=10/group) in a 2 (no TT vs. TT) × 2 (no GTP vs. GTP) factorial design: HFD, HFD+TT (400 mg TT/kg diet), HFD+GTP [0.5% (w/v) in drinking water], and HFD+TT+GTP for 14 weeks. The results showed that either TT or GTP supplementation lowered fasting glucose concentration based on glucose tolerance test, while only GTP supplementation lowered blood glucose concentration based on insulin tolerance test, with no change in caloric intake. GTP supplementation increased serum procollagen type I intact N‐terminal (a bone formation marker) and there was an interaction between TT and GTP on lowering serum collagen type I cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (a bone resorption marker). TT supplementation increased the total area, bone area, and bone volume (BV) at the femur midshaft. GTP supplementation increased the BV, bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), and connectivity density at the 2nd lumbar vertebrae. GTP supplementation increased trabecular number and tended to increase BV/TV (p=0.08), and decreased trabecular separation at the distal femur. However, TT supplementation tended to increase BV (p=0.10), BV/TV (p=0.06), and trabecular thickness (p=0.10) at distal femur. There was a synergistic interaction between TT and GTP on BV/TV trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) at the femur midshaft, resulting in the lowest values of BV/TV and Tb.Th in HFD group. This study suggests a potentially significant prophylactic role of TT and green tea in bone health of obese animals.