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Drought impact on vegetation productivity in the Lower Mekong Basin

The Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) has a typical monsoon climate, with high temperatures and an uneven distribution of precipitation throughout the year. This climate, combined with the geographic position of the LMB, has led to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events over last decade. However, few previous studies have used remote-sensing data to investigate the impact of such weather events, particularly severe droughts, on biological productivity in the LMB. To address this, we assessed the impact of drought on vegetation productivity in the LMB during 2000–2011 using MOD17 products. Several drought events were identified during this period. Of these, the most severe occurred during 2005 and 2010, although the 2005 drought was both more extensive and more intense. Net primary productivity (NPP) exhibited considerable variation during 2000–2011: the droughts in 2005 and 2010 reduced NPP by 14.7% and 8.4%, respectively. The impact of drought on NPP in 2005 was much greater than that in 2010, likely owing to the longer duration and larger deficit of precipitation in 2005 (which lasted from winter 2004 to spring 2005). Our results demonstrate that severe drought had a greater impact on NPP than mild drought, especially for forests, woodlands, and shrublands. Comparatively, little variation in NPP was found for croplands, even under drought conditions, which were attributed to the wide use of irrigation and the exploitation of water sources during drought periods. Moreover, multi-season croplands in Vietnam experienced only a small reduction in gross primary productivity (GPP) in 2005 compared to one-season croplands in Cambodia, which can be related to the shorter growing periods of the former impacted by droughts.