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Effects of Three-dimensional Measurement of the Urinary Stone Size on the Surgical Outcomes of Retrograde Intrarenal Stone Surgery

Urinary system stone disease is one of the most important diseases that affect human health and social life. Its prevalence varies according to geographical regions. Stones can be seen in any structure along the urinary tract, but it is most common in the kidney. Current management of kidney stones includes follow-up, medical therapy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), laparoscopy/robot and open surgery. At present, open surgery is required only in 1%–2% of the cases, and minimally invasive methods are preferred in most of the patients with stones, because of the new developments in medical technology and advances in endoscopic approaches (1,2).