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Assessment by flow cytometry of intracellular cytokine production in the peripheral blood cells of renal transplant recipients

Abstract:  Introduction:  There is accumulating evidence that non‐invasive immune monitoring may be useful in the early period after renal transplant, particularly with regard to predicting the presence of acute rejection. It is less clear whether chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is also associated with consistent changes in peripheral blood or urine cells. We hypothesized that patients with CAN would manifest different patterns of cytokine production (compared with non‐CAN controls), detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).