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Forceful Overarm Throwing: A Comparison of Two Cohorts Measured 20 Years Apart

In 1982, Halverson, Roberton, and Langendorfer published longitudinal data on forceful overarm throwing. They described the changing ball velocities of 39 children followed as 6-,7-,8-, and 13-year-olds. They also provided descriptions of the qualitatively different movements or "developmental levels" that appeared in the children over time. These data have since been analyzed in various ways (cf., Langendorfer & Roberton, 2002; Roberton & Konczak, 2001), yielding considerable information on how children's throws change with time. The data on the children as 13-year-olds remain the only published descriptions available of the overarm throwing movements of teenage children. While the data have been extremely useful, we wondered whether theywere stillaccurate descriptors of throwingfor contemporarychildren. In particular, the 1982 data revealed that boys and girls differed considerably in both their throwing ball velocities and their movement developmentallevels. In 1982 the 13-year-old boys threw on average 21.65 ft/s (6.6 m/s) faster than the 13-yearold girls. The boys were the equivalent of 5 "developmental years" ahead of the girls in both ball velocity and movement development (Halverson et al., 1982, p.198). While longitudinal data are prized for the information they give on change over time, the repeated measures can act as practice bouts, potentially making