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A Highly Responsive System for On-line in vitro Assessment of Tissue Growth within MicroPorous Polymer Scaffolds

We have proposed a highly responsive system for the on-line in vitro assessment of tissue growth within microporous polymer scaffolds that obviates any compromise of sample integrity. The system's function is based on the sample's loss factor: the imaginary part of the complex permittivity. Reflection measurements were performed using an open-ended coaxial probe and impedance analyzer; they were then related to the sample's complex permittivity by a quasi-static model of the probe's aperture admittance. Measurements of saline solutions showed that the real part of permittivity was corrupted by apparent polarization effects. Consequently, we developed a simplified formulation of the imaginary part of the Hanai-Wagner effective medium approximation to eliminate its dependence on the real part of complex permittivity measurement. This formulation allows the sample's cell concentration to be determined. The variation of a sample's cell concentration over time was used as a measure of tissue growth. Measurements in the frequency range of 10 - 200 MHz were performed on micro-porous polymer scaffolds seeded with progressively greater number of cells. Results demonstrated that the system detected concentration differences between cell-seeded scaffolds