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Signal propagation in oscillatory media enabled by noise-induced excitability

A noise-induced signal propagation is reported in oscillatory media with FitzHugh-Nagumo dynamics which is based on a noise-induced phase transition to excitability. This transition occurs via a noise-induced suppression of self-excited oscillations, while the overall phase-space structure of the system is maintained. The noise-induced excitability enables the information transport in the originally oscillatory media. We demonstrate this new feature by the propagation of a wave front and the formation of a spiral in a two dimensional lattice. These spatio-temporal structures transport information and can be observed only in the presence of suitable amount of noise and not in the deterministic self-sustained oscillatory system. Thus we extend classes of nonlinear systems with signal transmission properties also to oscillatory systems, which demonstrate a noise-induced phase transition to excitability. Further on, the mechanism of noise-induced excitability provides the opportunity to control the information transport by noise via a triggering mechanism, i.e. the information channel is switched on in the presence of noise and switched off in its absence.