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Lead partitioning in sol-gel derived lead titanate nanopowders

In the current research, we have synthesized PbTiO3 nanopowders via a sol-gel process and investigated Pb-partitioning in the produced nanopowders. Highly stabilized PbTiO3 sols, with various Pb/Ti ratios, were prepared through chemical modification of the organometallic precursors of titanium by acetic acid. The calcination conditions were selected based on the simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) of the PbTiO3 gels, including complete burnout of the contained carbon and crystallization of the desired perovskite structure. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) investigation demonstrated role of Pb/Ti ratio as well as the gel calcination conditions in improving formation of the tetragonal perovskite phase PbTiO3 nanopowders and avoiding Pb-partitioning. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with uniform morphology, investigations showed that well crystallized PbTiO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized after calcination the best selected PbTiO3 gel under the optimum heat treatment conditions.