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Wave propagation in 2D magneto-elastic kagome lattices

The paper discusses the wave propagation characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) magneto-elastic kagome lattices, periodic lattices governed by a combination of elastic and magnetic forces. These structures demonstrate the ability to undergo large topological and stiffness changes, which allows for dramatic changes in wave propagation characteristics. The analysis is conducted using a lumped mass system of magnetic particles with both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Particles within the lattice interact through axial and torsional elastic forces as well as magnetic forces. Instabilities caused by the highly nonlinear distance-dependent characteristics of magnetic interactions are exploited in combination with particle contact to bring about the desired changes in the topology and stiffness of the lattices. The result is multiple stable lattice configurations with very different properties. The propagation of plane waves is predicted by applying Bloch theorem to lattice unit cells with linearized interactions. The propagation of plane waves in these lattices before and after topological changes is compared, and large differences are evident.