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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in pediatric leukemia

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder characterized by intra‐alveolar accumulation of periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐positive surfactant components. Leukemia is the cancer most often associated with PAP; prolonged neutropenia and reduction of alveolar macrophages by myeloablative chemotherapy or leukemic infiltration are implicated. Only isolated cases of PAP have been reported, and pediatric experience is limited.