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Departure Times in Y-Shaped Traffic Networks with Multiple Bottlenecks

We study, theoretically and experimentally, the departure time behavior of commuters in a Y-shaped network with two bottlenecks and costs attached to early and late arrivals as well as time spent in the bottlenecks. A mixed-strategy equilibrium solution is constructed which implies that, for certain parameter values, expanding one bottleneck, while keeping the capacity of the other fixed, may induce a shift in the endogenously-determined departure times so as to increase total travel costs. Our experimental results are strongly supportive of this paradoxical prediction and the equilibrium solution that gives rise to it.(JEL C72, C92, R49)