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Epidemiology, risk factors, and association of antifungal prophylaxis on early invasive fungal infection in heart transplant recipients

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) in heart transplant recipients is associated with poor outcomes. Estimated risk of 1‐year IFI in heart transplant recipients is 3.4–8.6% with risk factors inconsistently identified in previous studies. The role of antifungal prophylaxis is unclear. The transplant program at Mayo Clinic provides 6 months of universal azole prophylaxis for those heart transplant recipients in Arizona. We sought to define risk factors for 1‐year IFI and determine the effect of antifungal prophylaxis.