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Quantitative Evaluations on Ozone Evolution Electrocatalysts by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Oxidative Water Treatment.

This study valorized scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for the detection of dissolved O3, which is increasingly in demand for water treatment. Au ultramicroelectrodes biased at 0.62 V RHE provided superior activity and selectivity for O3 reduction, compared to Pt analogues. It allowed quantitative in situ interrogation of ozone evolution reaction (OZER) electrocatalysts with unprecedented estimations on the OZER overpotential. The difference in onset potentials between the OZER and the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) primarily accounted for the OZER current efficiency (CE) on boron-doped diamond (BDD, 1.4% at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4), Ni-Sb-doped SnO2 (NSS, 10.8%), and SiOx-coated NSS (NSS/SiOx, 34.4%). SECM areal scans in tandem with elemental mapping perspicuously visualized the improved OZER activity by the SiOx overlayer on NSS. A shift in the charge transfer coefficient further rationalized the elevated OZER selectivity on NSS/SiOx, in association with the weakened Sn-O bond strength confirmed by valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra. The invigorated OZER on NSS/SiOx effectively accelerated the degradation of a model aqueous pollutant (4-chlorophenol).