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Construction of a Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Diffractometer for the Study of Fluctuations in Solutions

A small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) diffractometer for the measurement of SAXS from solutions composed of molecules with low molecular weight has been constructed. In this diffractometer, a bent LiF monochromator, whose radius of curvature is 1828 mm, a sample holder with 25 µm-thick aluminium windows, and a PSPC system are used. A small-angle resolution of better than 6 mrad is achieved. To estimate the efficiency of the diffractometer, the measurement of the absolute intensity of some pure liquids was accomplished. Consequently, it has been ascertained that the diffractometer is a competent apparatus for the measurements within the accuracy of 3% of the absolute intensity.