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Class, Inequality and Wellbeing

In August 2011, riots took place in several cities and towns across England following a protest over the death of a man shot by police in the working-class district of Tottenham. Numerous commentators have offered explanations for the unrest and why it spread so quickly, with some pointing to a complex mix of economic and social tensions, and others attributing it to ‘criminality pure and simple’.1 It is unsurprising that the riots tended to be concentrated in areas characterized by high poverty, unemployment and dependency on welfare. One-third of the adults involved had no qualification higher than GCSE level and 35 per cent were claiming out-of-work benefits (compared to 12% of the working-age population) (Home Office, 2011). Depending on the commentator’s ideological position, these individuals were either portrayed as marginalized, disaffected members of the working classes or as ‘chavs’, a term used synonymously with a type of ‘feral underclass’. In his book of the same name, Owen Jones (2010) explores the way in which use of the word ‘chav’ in the UK often suggests middle-class contempt towards