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Magnetic Behavior of Plain Carbon Steels as A Function of Applied Stress and Strain Conditions

A technique for restoring stress-strain diagrams of steel products by magnetic characteristics determined directly during tension is proposed. Coercive force, the value of residual induction on the major magnetic hysteresis loop and maximum magnetic permeability are recommended as parameters of nondestructive testing of stresses and strains. Introduction The potentialities of nondestructive testing of the stress-strain state of ferromagnetic materials remain to be realized in full measure, though the stress and strain dependences of magnetic properties were noted by E. Villary [1] as early as in the 19 century. Numerous investigations have since been aimed at studying the effect of elastic and plastic deformations on the initial magnetization curve and the hysteresis loop [2–11]. At different times, a large number of attempts were made, with different success, to accomplish the mathematical simulation of magnetic properties as a function of stresses and strains [12–15]; however, the matter of predicting and inspecting the stress-strain state of structural members by measuring their magnetic characteristics remains a challenge. One of the methodological difficulties is that the effect of stresses and strains on magnetic characteristics were studied under unloading, after external stresses have been relieved. There are currently not many works describing the “in situ” measurement of magnetic characteristics during deformation [16, 17]. No works describing the behaviour of the coercive force on the sharp yield point portion and the yield plateau have come to our notice. The study of magnetic characteristics at the stages prior to fracture can also be found in the literature only fragmentarily. Therefore this paper is aimed, firstly, at analyzing the behaviour of the magnetic characteristics of steels as dependent on stresses and strains under tension over the whole length of the stress-strain curve, including its least studied portions, and, secondly, at studying the possibility of using magnetic parameters for testing admissible strains in steel products and structural members. The paper adduces some results of magnetic measurements made on lowand mediumcarbon steels directly under stresses, with the simultaneous recording of stresses and strains on all the portions of the stress-strain diagram up to test piece failure. 1. Research Procedure and Material Magnetic properties of flat specimens made of steel St3sp after annealing (800°C, 2 hours, ECNDT 2006 Mo.2.2.5