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Biodiesel Production from Pongamia pinnata Oil using Synthesized Iron Nanocatalyst

Biodiesel is a clean-burning renewable substitute fuel for conventional petroleum diesel, which is made from vegetable oils or animal fats by a monoalcoholic transesterification process. Biodiesel production using nanocatalyst is one of the approaches in the search of alternative fuel. In this present investigation, the synthesized iron nanoparticles were used as a nanocatalyst for the production of biodiesel using Pongamia pinnata oil with methanol. The transesterification reaction for the conversion of triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters was carried out at a molar ratio of 3:1 methanol to oil, reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 400 rpm at 65°C. The amount of iron nanoparticles used for this study was 1% (wt/wt). The physico-chemical properties of the Pongamia pinnata fatty acid methyl esters including specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud point, water content, carbon residue, refractive index, copper corrosion and calorific value were 0.873, 4.6 mm 2 /s at 40 o C, 178 o C, 5 o C, 0.012 vol. %, 0.033 mass %, 1.445, 1b and 3788 cal/gm respectively. The obtained values of physico-chemical properties are in accordance with the specifications of biodiesel as per ASTM D6751 standard. These findings conclude that the synthesized iron nanoparticles acted as a catalyst to produce biodiesel and the obtained biodiesel was considered as suitable alternatives to the conventional diesel.