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A Second Record of Pleistocene Passenger Pigeon from California

Paleontological and archaeological records of Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migrutorius), in the western United States have been recently reviewed by Hargrave and Emslie (Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Ang. Cty. Contrib. Sci. 330:257, 1980). The first fossil record of the species, six elements representing at least two individuals, is from California at Ranch0 La Brea (see Howard, Condor 39: 12, 1937). The only other Pleistocene record of Passenger Pigeon in the western United States is from Dark Canyon Cave, Eddv Countv. New Mexico (Howard. Condor 73:237. 197i). With-the paucity of Pleistocene records for this bird, the discovery of a new Pleistocene specimen in California, and therefore only the third record in the western United States, is significant. The fossil was found by Richard A. Cerutti in the fall of 1980 in Bonita, San Diego County, California. The locality, SDSNH (San Diego Society of Natural History) 3 13 1, is in a mud-flow facies of a predominantly conglomeratic fluvial deposit mapped as Quatemary stream terrace deposits by Kennedy and Tan (Calif. Div. Min. Geol. Map Sheet 29, 1977). I have tentatively referred mammal material from this locality to Equus occidentalis corroborating a late Pleistocene, Rancholabrean, designation. The Bonita element, SDSNH 23085 (Fig. I), is an almost complete left tarsometatarsus, lacking only the internal and half of the external cotylae at the proximal end. Measurements: overall length 27.8 mm; width distal end 6.4 mm; depth and width of shaft at midpoint 2.4 mm by 2.9 mm. This specimen agrees with Ectopistes and differs from Columbu in the five diagnostic characters of the tarsometatarsus given by Howard (1937): 1) lengths similar, but Ectopistes more slender, 2) tubercle for tibialis anticus muscle more proximal in Ectopistes; 3) proximal ligamentary attachment well developed and clearly marked in Ectopistes 4) distance of facet for metatarsal-I from distal end less than in Columbu; 5) external condyle less developed anteroposteriorly in Ectopistes than in Columba. In addition, I note other subtle differences in tarsometatarsi of Ectopistes: 1) hypotarsus with more squareda C d