{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013728323699421965, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004335260115606936, 'mean_word_length': 4.995670995670996, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Variation in Hydraulic Properties of Forest Soils in Temperate Climate Zones

The structure of forests in temperate climates has been changing to ensure the resilience of trees. This change affects the local water balance. Knowledge of soil hydraulic properties (SHP) is essential to assess the water cycle in ecosystems. There is little knowledge about the impact of tree species on SHP and the water balance. Based on a compilation of 539 related studies we aimed at identifying the effects of tree species and age on SHP in temperate climates. However, most studies concentrated on soil biogeochemical properties, whereas only 256 studies focused on SHP. The literature presents no standard methods for assessing SHP and there is no knowledge of their variations in forests. We present a systematic overview of the current state of knowledge on variations in SHP based on forest type in temperate climates. We identify the gaps and weaknesses in the literature and the difficulties of evaluating the reviewed studies. More studies following standardised methodologies are needed to create a robust database for each forest type and soil texture. It would improve the assessment of the forest water balance through calibrated plot/site-scale process models. Such a database does not yet exist, but it would greatly improve the management and development of future forest ecosystems.