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Conversion Method of Thermionic Emission Current to Voltage for High-Voltage Sources of Electrons

The stability of the electron thermionic emission current is one of the most important requirements for electron sources used, inter alia, in evaporators, production of rare gas excimers, and electron beam objects for high energy physics. In emission current control systems, a negative feedback signal, directly proportional to the emission current is transferred from the high-voltage anode circuit to the low-voltage cathode circuit. This technique, especially for high-voltage sources of electrons, requires the use of galvanic isolation. Alternatively, a method of converting the emission current to voltage in the cathode power supply circuit was proposed. It uses a linear cathode current intensity distribution and multiplicative-additive processing of two voltage signals, directly proportional to the values of cathode current intensity. The simulation results show that a relatively high conversion accuracy can be obtained for low values of the electron work function of the cathode material. The results of experimental tests of the dynamic parameters of the electron source and the steady-state Ie-V characteristic of the converter are presented. The implementation of the proposed Ie-V conversion method facilitates the design of the emission current controller, especially for high-voltage sources of electrons, because a negative feedback loop between the anode and cathode circuits is not required, all controller sub-components are at a common electrostatic potential.