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FDI policy statement on Dental Unit Water Systems and microbial contamination: Adopted by the FDI General Assembly: September 2016, Poznan, Poland.

Dental Unit Water Systems (DUWS) are used to rinse, clean and cool the operative site and equipment while working on soft and hard tissues. They can either be connected with the local water supply or to a selfcontained system using bottled water. A characteristic feature of a dental unit water line is the capacity to rapidly develop biofilms on the inner surfaces of its tubes and associated containers. Generally, these biofilms contain such microbes, which grow at ambient temperature, are relatively harmless saprophytic organisms. They cause disease only under exceptional circumstances, mainly in immunocompromised hosts. The major source of microbes for biofilm development in DUWS is considered to be the municipal or the local water supply, which usually provides potable water with extremely low levels of saprophytic bacteria. Another possible source of organisms that may contaminate DUWS is a temporary drop of pressure in the local water supply. Contamination may also be due to retraction of patients’ saliva or blood into the DUWS. However, this risk is reduced in modern dental units, which are now routinely fitted with anti-retraction valves. Patients and oral health care workers are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from the dental unit.