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WO3-based slippery liquid infused porous surfaces with long term stability.

Slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) inspired by Nepenthes pitcher plants exhibit excellent hydrophobicity, anti-fouling and anti-icing properties, long term durability under pressure and temperature. SLIPS have potential applications including biomedical devices, self-cleaning structures and water resistant coatings. A big challenge of SLIPS is the durability of the lubricant in the porous layer. Herein, uniform tungsten oxide nanofiber networks were synthesized on the surface of stainless steel through a simple one-step hydrothermal method. WO3 nanofiber networks on stainless steels were chemically modified, filled with lubricant, and prepared as SLIPS with excellent liquid repellency and good anti-biofouling properties. The relationship of the nanostructures and the slippery properties of the obtained WO3-based SLIPS have been investigated in detail in this work. The liquid retention and long term stability of the SLIPS were characterized using high shear force and water flow impact. We find that the long term durability of the SLIPS is strongly related to the diameters and the BET surface areas of the WO3 nanostructures. The durability of the SLIPS is better when the diameter of the WO3 nanostructures is smaller. The WO3-based SLIPS prepared in this work exhibit outstanding slippery property, anti-biofouling and long term stability under extreme conditions such as high shear rate and water washing, and thus may have potential application for surface modification of medical devices in the future.