{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.020755721128259713, 'fraction_numerical': 0.014369345396487493, 'mean_word_length': 5.505190311418685, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Relationship Between Principals Adversity Quotient and Leadership Styles in Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria

The study investigated the relationship between principals' adversity quotient and leadership styles in secondary schools in Delta State. Five research questions guided the study. Correlation research design was utilized for the study. The population of the study comprised 414 principals from 414 public secondary school in Delta State. The sample was made up of 290 principals from 414 secondary schools. The sample was composed through systematic sampling technique. Two instruments were used for data collection for the study. The instruments are: Questionnaire on Principals' Adversity Quotient (AQP) and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The instruments were validated using three experts. Reliability indexes of 0.88 for AQP and 0.85 for MLO were obtained using Cronbach's Alpha. Out of the 290 pairs copies of Questionnaire (AQP and MLO) distributed, 282 copies were duly completed and retrieved representing 97.2% return rate. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient. The results of the study showed that adversity quotient of secondary school principals were significantly related to democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire, transactional and transformational leadership style. It was also reported the need for a leadership training and development design by management of secondary education board to enhance leaders who have been found with low adversity quotient since adversity quotient is positively related to the leadership styles discussed. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended, among others, that secondary school principals should be made to be aware of the relevance of having high adversity quotient as it will likely facilitate their adoption of appropriate leadership styles.