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Orbital Approach to High Temperature Superconductivity

High 
temperature superconductivity in cuprates is explained in terms of 3d-orbital 
capture in copper. In elemental Cu 3d-orbital capture abstracts an electron 
from the 4 s2 valence orbital, and leaves it as 4 s1. 
This is known since Cu occurs in Group IB of the Periodic Table. This forms an 
electron vacancy, or hole, in the valence shell. Therefore, the energy of 3d-orbital 
capture is stronger than the energy of unpairing of a paired-spin 4 s2 orbital. In 
cuprates 3d-orbital capture abstracts an electron from a Cu-O covalent bond, 
and leaves a hole in the excited state orbital. By electron-hole migration the excited 
state orbital leads to a coordinate covalent bond. This leads to 
superconductivity. The 3d-orbital process accounts for superconductivity and 
insulator behavior in cuprates. These results lend credence to the statement 
that 3d-orbital capture in copper is the cause of high temperature superconductivity.