{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0249003984063745, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00199203187250996, 'mean_word_length': 6.127659574468085, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Macrophage phenotype regulation by colony‐stimulating factors at bone marrow level

Macrophages (mφs) can be divided into several subpopulations, which differ in phenotype, function, and localization patterns. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this heterogeneity. We investigated whether mφ heterogeneity is regulated by colony‐stimulating factors (CSFs) at the bone marrow level. By clonal expansion of bone marrow‐derived precursor cells in die presence of CSF‐1, granulocyte‐macrophage CSF or multi‐CSF (interleukin‐3), phenotypic heterogeneity was observed between mφ colonies. Heterogeneity was found especially when different CSF culture conditions were used but also between mφ colonies derived under the same CSF culture condition. Our results illustrate that CSFs from the bone marrow hemopoietic microenvironment are important for the induction of phenotypic heterogeneity within the progeny of cloned mφ precursor cells during maturation and differentiation in vitro.