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Is allergic disease programmed in early life?

Studies of plant and animal development provide ample evidence that environmental influences occurring early in life may produce long-lasting changes in the structure or function of an organism. In recent years, the concept of 'programming' of human development has been vigorously promoted and creatively investigated by the Medical Research Council's Environmental Epidemiology Unit at Southampton, UK, particularly in the context of cardiovascular and respiratory disease [1]. Immunology also provides many examples of biological programming, and it would not be surprising to find evidence that immune function in general, and allergic sensitization in particular, were influenced by events occurring early in hfe. A number of lines of enquiry, including the latest observations by the Southampton team [2], suggest that the environment during the perinatal period may be of considerable importance in the expression of atopy among genetically susceptible individuals.