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Diagnosis and Workup of Intellectual Disability in Adults: Suggested Strategies for the Adult Neurologist

ABSTRACT:of Review: Etiological investigations for adults with intellectual disability (ID) pose a special challenge to many adult neurologists. The adaptability of pediatric guidelines for workup of ID to adult populations has not been clearly established. We review the current recommendations on etiological workup of ID in children and adults and provide initial guidance for adult neurologists who care for people with ID of unknown etiology.Etiological workup, including genetic testing, is recommended in people with ID of unknown origin. Workup should be guided by a thoughtful history and physical exam, which can help identify certain causes of ID.Specific diagnoses may help guide management and surveillance of comorbid conditions in people with ID. Etiological investigations of adults with ID include genetic and metabolic testing, and brain imaging in the appropriate clinical setting.