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Rapid Urbanization and Population Changes in Dhaka City

Chapter 2 provides a brief overview of Dhaka’s demographic transition. It compares Dhaka with other mega cities across the world to understand its current challenges and potential to achieve prosperity and inclusivity. It shows a clear trend of decline in fertility for slum women and a demographic transition in Dhaka city. It analyses population changes in the communities over time, why and how these changes have occurred, and what trends are emerging in this process that need policy attention. These demographic trends and patterns are compared with the ward-level data from the 2011 Population and Housing Census, wherever it was available, to help readers understand population changes in the broader context. The question of decline in fertility for women in slum households, is examined with different hypotheses drawing on relevant theories related to the demographic transition and the demographic dividend. Accordingly, it analyses the factors contributing to the changes and outcomes.