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Comparison of the experimental and theoretical diffraction characteristics of transmission gratings on planar dielectric waveguides.

Experimental diffraction characteristics of dielectric transmission gratings on planar optical waveguides are compared to theoretical results from the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The deep-grooved square gratings are shown to have high diffraction efficiency (>90%). In particular, the effects of higher orders of diffraction on the diffraction efficiency, at fixed wavelength, are presented in this paper for both TE and TM polarizations. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis is shown to produce excellent general agreement with the measured diffraction characteristics.