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Australia’s Two-Tier Health Care System United Against COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had and continues to have an unprecedented impact on health care systems worldwide. The Australian system has yet to be truly tested by the pandemic, as rapid implementation of public health measures has curbed infection rates. Australia’s 2-tier health care has allowed sufficient staffing, equipment, and beds to continue providing acute health care in the face of an exceptional and extreme demand. No health system is perfect and, although Australia’s has some wonderful attributes that make it the envy of many other countries, it faces a number of important challenges. This paper describes how Australia’s health care structure has adapted to respond to the COVID-19 crisis, examines the challenges involved and the lessons learned, and explores how this environmental pressure could lead to systemic adaptations.