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Closing in on Chlamydia.

CAUSED BY THE bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia is an infection of the genital tract. It’s the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States; 1,030,911 chlamydial infections were reported to the CDC in 2006. Underreporting is common, however, because most people with chlamydia don’t know they have the infection. An estimated 3 million people in the United States may be infected. The rate of infection seems to be greater in women than in men.1 When chlamydia is diagnosed and treated early, the patient is likely to recover completely. If left untreated, chlamydia can spread to a woman’s uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic pain, infertility, or ectopic pregnancy. Babies born to infected mothers may contract eye and respiratory infections during childbirth. In men, chlamydia can spread to the testicles, causing epididymitis, which can cause sterility. Chlamydia may also cause Reiter’s syndrome, a form of arthritis, especially in young men. Let’s review who’s at risk for chlamydia, how it’s diagnosed, and what you can do to help your patients recover and educate them about the disease.