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Sonographic Measurement of Normal Thyroid Gland Volume in School Children in Kano, Nigeria.

Data on thyroid dimension that determines prevalence of goitre in children is vital for public health consideration. The wide variations in the values of thyroid dimensions from different populations as a consequence of geographic, racial and nutritional differences have prompted the World Health Organisation recommendation that normal values for each region be estimated separately because the presence of goitre in children effectively reflects the status. of iodine deficiency in general population.This index study in Northern Nigeria is to establish thyroid baseline sonographic normogram with which references can be made.
Sonographic measurement of the thyroid glands of school children within the age range of 6years-13years was done with each lobe measured in the transverse and longitudinal planes. The thyroid volume was calculated using the ellipsoid algorithm. Height and weight were also measured using standard anthropometric technique and the significance of sex and age on thyroid gland dimensions were determined.
The mean thyroid volume for males was 5.32cm3 ± 2.50 and that of females is 4.79cm3 ± 2.38 wlth a P value of 0.03. The mean right lobe and left lobes volumes were 2.68cm3 ± 1.29 and 2.65cm3 ± 1.23 for males, and 2.42cm3 ± 1.23 and 2.37cm3 ±1.16 for females respectively. There is positive correlation between age, weight and height with PvalueofO.OOO.
The volume obtained in this study is slightly lower than those reported from previous studies among Caucasians confirming the need for the WHO recommendation of normal values for each region.