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Biomarkers and Emerging Drug Targets in Neuropsychiatry (Part I).

Psychiatric disorders represent a major social problem worldwide, given their negative impact on both the individual and society. Even though there is a growing public awareness of the need for specialized treatments and a growing demand for them, targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches are not always readily available to meet this demand. Indeed, there is still a broad gap between basic research and the rapid transfer of data to the clinical practice and the bedside. Although rather improved in the last decades, the pharmacological management of psychiatric disorders is still rather empirical and based upon drugs based on the “enrichment” of the original biological hypothesis. However, it is true that there is a unanimous consensus that psychiatric disorders are complex conditions deriving from the intertwining of multiple factors encompassing individual, developmental and environmental variables. The current pharmaceuticals are significantly safer and have less adverse effects than the first psychotropic drugs discovered in the middle of the 20 th century, but psychiatrists and psychopharmacologists are aware that they are unfocused in their mode of action.