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Neuro‐ophthalmic considerations and investigations

Functional non‐organic patients can be a challenge to the clinical practitioner. Most likely they will complain of decreased visual acuity and/or of altered visual field. However some patients can complain of oculomotility disturbances (diplopia, oscillopsia, ophthalmoplegia), can present with relative eyelid ptosis, or will exhibit anisocoria. This presentation will highlight certain typical findings of such patients as well as which specific tests can be used in order to detect the non‐organic nature of their complaints.