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TLR4 and IL-18 Gene Variants in Chronic Periodontitis: Impact on Disease Susceptibility and Severity

The aim of the study was to assess whether genotypes in the Toll-like receptor 4 gene and in the promoter of the interleukin-18 gene are associated with the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. 108 chronic periodontitis patients and 76 controls were genotyped for c.896A>G/1196C>T (TLR4 gene) and for c.-368G>C/ c.-838C>A (IL-18 promoter). There were no significant differences in genotype and allele distributions between the study groups. Periodontitis severity in patients with TLR4 c.896AG/1196CT genotype was significantly higher than wildtype carriers. The percentage of teeth with clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm was 77.3% and 58.8%, respectively (p ≤ 0.006, t-test). All subjects were further classified into carriers and non-carriers of at least one variant of each gene. A logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, smoking, and age showed no association between gene variant carrier status and periodontitis (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 0.61–6.39). The results did not show that IL-18 and TLR4 variants have an effect on the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. Considering the low number of periodontitis patients carrying TLR4 variants (11%), a comparison of the periodontitis severity depending on the genotype has to be interpreted cautiously.