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Biological Nicotinamide Cofactor as a Redox Active Motif for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Exploiting organic materials participating in the biological energy transduction processes can inspire the discovery of new electrode chemistry for rechargeable batteries, considering the analogy in their electrochemical reactions involving the redox activity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the most well-known redox cofactors carrying electrons. Herein, we firstly report that intrinsically charged NAD+ motif can serve as an active electrode in electrochemical lithium cells. Through anchoring NAD+ motif by the anion-incorporation, redox activity of the NAD+ is successfully implemented in conventional batteries, exhibiting the average voltage of 2.3 V. We also show that the operating voltage and capacity are tunable by altering the anchoring anion species without modifying the redox center itself. This work not only demonstrates the redox capability of NAD+, but also suggests that anchoring the charged molecules with anion-incorporation is a viable new approach to exploit various charged biological cofactors in rechargeable battery systems.