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Identification of potential breast cancer markers in nipple discharge by protein profile analysis using two‐dimensional nano‐liquid chromatography/nanoelectrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry

This research aimed to establish a diagnostic technique for breast cancer using nipple discharge (ND), with the objective of preventive diagnosis. ND has been proposed as a source of secreted proteomes that reflect early pathological changes in the ductal‐lobular epithelial microenvironment, and could thus provide breast‐specific cancer biomarkers that could be accessed noninvasively as a new clinical diagnostic technique.