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When cancer and immunology meet

It is both exciting and challenging to assemble an issue of Immunological Reviews on hematologic malignancies in 2014. Both scientifically and clinically, the pace of advances has accelerated in the last few years. However, blood cancers remain a highly diverse group of diseases with many mechanisms of pathogenesis that require different clinical approaches. This diversity makes a comprehensive review of blood cancers a challenge. Instead, we have focused on in depth discussion of aspects of these topics that are either rapidly evolving or of particular interest to basic immunologists. The latter set of topics is itself diverse. Most blood cancers are themselves disruptions of the hematopoietic and immune systems. Some articles in this issue highlight the comparisons between normal immunologic development and the diseases that are associated with disruptions of immune development. A number of pieces focus on molecular mechanisms that are critical to both normal immunologic development and, when disturbed, cancer development. Others are focused on harnessing the immune system to treat blood cancers. This area has, in the last two years, achieved clinical responses that have long been sought (1, 2). A theme that runs through many of these reviews is the complexity of the immune system but the remarkable advances that years of research have made possible in both understanding biology and generating new therapies.