{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0549738219895288, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02268760907504363, 'mean_word_length': 5.050131926121372, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 5, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
[The Regulation of AMPKα1/Nrf2/ HO-1 Pathway Mediated by Galantamine Hydrobromide Lycoremine in Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Rats].

Objective
To investigate the effects of AMPKα1/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway mediated by galantamine hydrobromide lycoremine (Gal) on endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis, myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R).


Methods
A myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury rat model was established, and the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Control group, I/R model group, Gal 1 mg/kg group, Gal 2 mg/kg group and Gal 4 mg/kg group. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), and left ventricular short-axis shortening rate (FS) were detected by doppler ultrasound. Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to detect the pathological damage of myocardial tissue. The expression of Caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved Caspase-12, growth arrest and DNA damageinducible protein 34 (GADD34), immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen Ⅰ, AMPKα1, Nrf2, and HO-1 were measured by western blot, and AMPK inhibitor Compound C was added for verification.


Results
Compared with the I/R model group, the grade of pathological damage of myocardial tissue in each group of Gal was improved, and cleaved Caspase-3 positive expression rate and Caspase-3 mRNA level were significantly reduced ( P<0.05) as well. The results showed that LVWT, FS and LVEF in Gal 2 mg/kg and Gal 4 mg/kg groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), LVEDV and LVESV were significantly reduced ( P<0.05) compared with I/R model group. CHOP, cleaved Caspase-12, α-SMA, Collagen Ⅰ, AMPKα1, Nrf2, HO-1 protein levels were significantly reduced ( P<0.05), and GADD34 and BiP protein levels were significantly increased ( P<0.05) in Gal 2 mg/kg and Gal 4 mg/kg groups.


Conclusion
The regulation of AMPKα1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway mediated by Gal on endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis, myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis in myocardial ischemia reperfusion rats.