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Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and the Risk of Shoulder Dystocia: A Meta-Analysis

of previous cesarean delivery was the strongest risk factor for repeat cesarean delivery, with odds ratio of 16.41 (95% confidence interval, 12.19-22.08) and 8.72 (95% confidence interval, 6.33-12.02) for planned cesarean and emergency cesarean deliveries, respectively. Maternal BMI≥ 30.0 increased the risk of planned cesarean delivery by 77%. In conclusion, this retrospective study found that prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30 was a significant and independent risk factor for emergency cesarean delivery, with increasing BMI reducing the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery in both primiparous and parous women.