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1933: the year of lesbian modernism in Poland?

ABSTRACT This article makes the first attempt at the reconstruction of lesbian modernism within local and transnational modernist networks in Poland. It covers a brief span of 1933, the extraordinary year that witnessed the publication of three novels with lesbian and sapphic themes: Radclyffe Hall’s Źródło samotności (the translation of The Well of Loneliness) with Irena Krzywicka’s preface, Maria Modrakowska’s Anetka, and Aniela Gruszecka’s Przygoda w nieznanym kraju. On the basis of these works and archival research, the article argues that these novels contributed to the lesbian fiction which emerged in Polish literature sixty years earlier than the widely accepted 1990s.