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An Inexpensive Method to Assess Associative Learning in Honey Bees Using the Proboscis Extension Reflex Test

Introduction It is possible to assess the learning ability and memory of honey bees using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) protocol. In fact, there are various techniques that can be used to perform PER. However, most of them have some disadvantages including the need to narcotize the bees before the test or use specific tools to tightly harness the bees during the test. Here, I describe steps of a simple technique to perform PER without the need to narcotize the bees or use costly materials.