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High Intensity Interval Training Improves Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracyclines.

INTRODUCTION
Anthracycline chemotherapy is a frequent treatment for breast cancer, whereas it can increase risk of physiologic side-effects, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Exercise has been used as a non-pharmacological strategy to decrease MetS. Specifically, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve MetS in patients with diabetes or cardiac rehabilitation patients, however, the effects of HIIT on MetS and associated biomarkers in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy has not been previously explored. Therefore, we purposed to determine the effects of HIIT on MetS in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy.


METHODS
Thirty breast cancer patients were recruited prior to initiating treatment and randomized into HIIT (n=15) or control (n=15). The HIIT group attended supervised cycling sessions 3 days/week for 8 weeks. MetS was assessed by waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and glucose. Circulating levels of MetS-related biomarkers were also measured (total cholesterol, insulin, HbA1c, leptin, adiponectin and c-reactive protein).


RESULTS
After 8-weeks, MetS z-score was significantly improved in the HIIT group compared with controls (-7.60, 95% CI: -9.08 to -6.13, p<0.001). MetS variables (HDL-C, glucose, and triglycerides) and circulating levels of MetS-related biomarkers were significantly improved in the HIIT group compared with controls (p<0.001). Non-significant differences were found in body composition outcomes at the end of the study.


CONCLUSIONS
HIIT may be an effective strategy to improve MetS in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. Furthermore, changes in MetS were independent of changes in body composition.