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Etiological agents of bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Kathmandu Model Hospital.

The presence of bacteria in blood is simply known as bacteraemia. The main aim of this study is to determine the bacteraemia in patients visiting Kathmandu Model Hospital and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates with special interest on ciprofloxacin. This prospective study was carried out in microbiology laboratory, Kathmandu Model Hospital from April 2005 to June 2005. Standard procedure was followed for blood sample collection. The bacteria were isolated and identified by standard microbiological procedure. Further, antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by NCCLS recommended Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of 532 culture requests, 123 samples showed evidential microbial growth. The number of isolate of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A and Escherichia coli were 78, 44 and one respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that chloramphenicol was the foremost drug of choice among the tested antibiotics with its sensitive rate of 98.4%. All the isolates of Salmonella typhi were susceptible to ceftriaxone and all isolates of Salmonella paratyphi A were susceptible to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and amoxycillin. Ciprofloxacin resistant serotype of Salmonella was not isolated but out of 16 isolated serovar of Typhi and 10 serovar of Paratyphi A screened with nalidixic acid, 10 serovar of Typhi and all serovar of Paratyphi A were found to be resistant. Three isolates of Salmonella typhi were found as multidrug resistant (MDR) whereas no MDR was found in Salmonella paratyphi A. From this it can be concluded that Salmonella bacteraemia is more than other. Although nalidixic acid resistant serovars were isolated, ciprofloxacin resistant serovar were not present.