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Role of apical and basolateral secretion in turnover of glutathione in LLC-PK1 cells.

Previous clearance measurements have established that the rapid turnover of renal proximal tubular glutathione is in part due to apical secretion and degradation by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, an ectoenzyme that is primarily associated with the brush-border membrane. The relationship between glutathione turnover and secretion was further characterized using confluent cultures of LLC-PK1 cells grown on nitrocellulose supports. The resulting cell layer was impermeable to [3H]inulin and exhibited a polarized expression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Incubating cells with 5 mM buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, produced an 86% inhibition of [35S]cystine incorporation into intracellular glutathione. Under these conditions, the prominent intracellular pool of glutathione turns over with an apparent half-life of 4 h and a first-order rate constant of 0.17 h-1. This turnover is unaffected by pretreatment with AT-125, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The rate of accumulation of glutathione in the apical and basolateral medium of cells pretreated with AT-125 was 22 and 34 nmol.mg protein-1.h-1, respectively. The combined secretion was equivalent to the calculated turnover rate of intracellular glutathione (57 nmol.mg protein-1.h-1). Therefore, the combined processes of apical and basolateral secretion can account for the turnover of intracellular glutathione in LLC-PK1 cells.