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Fundamental comparison measurement between sinusoidal and stepwise-approximated sine wave generated by programmable Josephson voltage standard at NIM

This paper described one differential measurement method by using a lock-in amplifier as null detector, which can directly compare one high-purity sinusoidal [HPS] produced by a commercial precision calibrator with one stepwise-approximated sine wave [SASW] generated by programmable Josephson voltage standard [PJVS] in fundamental root-mean-square [FRMS] values at NIM. The preliminary results show that the FRMS values of the HPV between the calibrated ones in term of the PJVS and the measured ones from a commercial automated ac measurement reference instrument agree within less than 1.5 μV/V at the frequency below 200 Hz.