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Flow-mediated K+ secretion in horses intoxicated with lolitrem B (perennial ryegrass staggers)

AIM: To investigate the effects of lolitrem B intoxication on renal K+ secretion in response to increased tubular flow rates. METHODS: Results are derived from a repeated measure pilot study of seven horses fed non-perennial ryegrass feed for a week prior to exposing them to perennial ryegrass seed and hay that contained an average of 2 ppm lolitrem B. At the end of the control and treatment period frusemide (1 mg/kg I/V) was administered and serial fractional excretion of K+(FEK+) and fractional excretion of Na+(FENa+) calculated. Baseline concentration of aldosterone in plasma, serum K+concentration and feed K+ concentration were also compared. RESULTS: Key findings included a reduced change in FEK+ from 0 to 15 minutes in response to frusemide administration (p=0.022, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) and a reduced baseline concentration of aldosterone in plasma (p=0.022, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) during the treatment period compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that lolitrem B intoxication reduced flow-mediated K+ secretion and interfered with aldosterone production or secretion. However, further investigation is required to validate these findings and to further elucidate the underlying pathophysiology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lolitrem B intoxication in horses may cause disruption to electrolyte handling in addition to neurological deficits.