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Palliative radiation therapy for canine osteosarcoma.

Palliation for osteosarcoma O steosarcoma accounts for approximately 85% of primary bone cancers in the dog (1). It is a common cancer of large to giant breed dogs, and it occurs primarily in the appendicular skeleton (1). Osteosarcoma can appear as a lytic, productive or, most commonly, mixed lytic-productive lesion on radiographs (Figure 1) (2). Even with removal of the primary tumor before spread of the cancer is clinically detectable, metastases to lung, bone, or other sites eventually develop in almost all dogs. Palliative radiation therapy for bone pain is indicated in those dogs that do not undergo amputation or a limb-sparing surgery. The goal of palliative therapy in cancer patients is to control pain from an incurable tumor and to support overall quality of life (3). Radiation protocols that have minimal risk of acute side effects are used, so that no discomfort results from treatment. The presence of pulmonary metastases is not a contraindication to palliative radiation treatment, as long as the patient is not showing clinical signs related to their metastatic disease.