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Synthesis of Methanesulfonic Acid Directly from Methane: The Cation Mechanism or the Radical Mechanism?

In 2019, Diaz-Urrutia and Ott developed a high-yield method for direct conversion of methane to methanesulfonic acid and proposed a cationic chain reaction mechanism. However, Roytman and Singleton questioned this mechanism, and they favored a free-radical mechanism. In the present paper, we studied both the cationic chain and radical mechanisms and found the radical mechanism is more favorable, since it has a much lower energy barrier. However, the radical mechanism has not considered the effect of ions for the reaction taking place in oleum. Thus, we studied a simple model of a protonated radical mechanism, which further lowers the energy barrier. Although the true mechanism for the CH4 + SO3 reaction could be more complicated in electrolyte solutions, this model should be helpful for the further study of the mechanism of this reaction.