{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.028393351800554016, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00554016620498615, 'mean_word_length': 5.450892857142857, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Nebivolol for the treatment of heart failure

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a common and disabling disease with a high prevalence in the elderly. Beta-blockers are among the mainstay therapies of HF because they antagonize the deleterious effects of the chronic activation of sympathetic nervous system. In large randomized clinical trials, bisoprolol, carvedilol and metoprolol reduced mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission and, hence, are included in current guidelines for HF treatment. Areas covered: Nebivolol is a third-generation β-blocker with high selectivity for β1-adrenoceptors selectivity and vasodilating effects. It also shows antioxidant, antiproliferative and antithrombotic properties. Nebivolol is generally well tolerated. Typical β-blocker-related adverse events are same as that with placebo, except for bradycardia. In addition, it shows no negative effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, erectile function, and glucose and lipid metabolism. The benefits of nebivolol for HF treatment have been evaluated in the SENIORS trial, where it reduced the composite endpoint of mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission. Expert opinion: Nebivolol is a β-blocker with distinctive characteristics. Initiated at 1.25 mg and titrated up to 10 mg/day, it has shown safety and efficacy in one large outcome trial, when added to standard medical therapy, in elderly patients (≥ 70 years) affected by HF.