{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.023293829178586023, 'fraction_numerical': 0.003473641193297916, 'mean_word_length': 5.7797783933518, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Clotting factor concentrates.

luteinizing hormone (LH) is stimulated, whereas release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and prolactin is inhibited. So far the structures of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting hormone (MRIH) have been determined, and the synthetic material has been shown to have chemical and biological properties identical to the hypothalamic extract. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, the first of the group to be synthesized, is a simple tripeptidel3 which is active orally4 as well as intravenously,5-7 causing a rapid increase in serum thyrotrophin. Nausea, flushing, and a desire to micturate8 are common after rapid intravenous injection but no serious side effects have been reported. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone does not as a rule release growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophin, follicle-stimulating hormone, or the posterior lobe hormones but has been shown to increase output of prolactin and, occasionally, luteinizing hormone. The importance of this apparent lack of specificity is not yet understood. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone may be used as a test of thyrotrophin reserve in patients with pituitary disease, when an impaired or absent response may indicate hypothyroidism. The thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in patients with primary thyroid failure is exaggerated and prolonged, whereas in hyperthyroidism there is no response.8 A normal response virtually excludes hyperthyroidism, though not all patients who fail to respond are hyperthyroid.89 The therapeutic implications of thyrotrophinreleasing hormone remain to be defined. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone is a decapeptide10 which causes a rapid release of luteinizing hormone in both animals and man. Surprisingly, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone causes concomitant increase of follicle-stimulating hormone, though it is smaller and the peak is later. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone should provide a useful test of gonadotrophin reserve in patients with pituitary disease, complementing the clomiphene test. Functional disturbance of the hypothalamus is assumed in many women with secondary amenorrhoea and infertility, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone should cause an ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone which might restore fertility and regular menstruation. Also analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone might interfere with the hormone's normal action and thus be valuable contraceptive agents. Growth hormone-releasing hormone has very recently been shown by A. V. Schally and his colleagues to be a decapeptide. Its diagnostic and therapeutic implications have yet to be established. It should be of value in testing pituitary growth hormone reserve, complementing the insulin sensitivity test which causes growth hormone release secondary to an action on the hypothalamus. Synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone might prove preferable to growth hormone in the treatment of children with dwarfism due to hypothalamic disease. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting hormone is a tripeptidell whose three amino-acids also occupy the C-terminal end of oxytocin, from which it can be derived by the action of a hypothalamic enzyme.12 No diagnostic or therapeutic roles have yet been assigned to this release-inhibiting hormone. Sensitive bioassays and immmunoassays are now being developed for 'the releasing hormones.13 Using releasing hormone assays it will be possible to test the hypothesis that some pituitary diseases such as acromegaly or Cushing's disease result from a primary hypothalamic disturbance.14 Conversely, deficiency of releasing hormones is probably responsible for most cases of congenital deficiency of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotrophin. Growth hormone deficiency causing dwarfism is the commonest of this group and adrenocorticotrophin deficiency the rarest, though combinations of deficiencies are not uncommon. Patients with Kallman's syndrome of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism associated with anosmia fail to respond to clomiphene with a rise of luteinizing hormone yet show a small but definite response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.'5 This implies that the primary defect is probably in the hypothalamus. Releasing hormones will be a powerful tool in the diagnosis of diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and its target organs. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone should soon be generally available, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone is now available for research purposes. The others are in an earlier phase of development. We are as yet only on the verge of knowledge of the physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications of this new group of hormones.