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Synergies between electric vehicles and solar electricity penetrations in Portugal

The aim of this research is to evaluate the complementarity between the electric vehicle (EV) penetration and large scale grid integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) in Portugal in the following decades. The Portuguese electricity system in 2050 is simulated with and without EV incorporation. Different EV charging scenarios are considered, allowing the determination of the maximum PV penetration feasible for the different EV charging profiles. Results show that EPIA PV scenarios can only be achieved by mid-day EV charging.