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Sensory Threshold electrical stimulation enhances Classification of motor imagery

Non-invasive brain-machine interfaces (BMI) based on motor imagery (MI) of body limbs have been largely studied. However, a non-negligible percentage of users do not produce sufficient discriminable MI brain patterns. It has been suggested that this limitation could be explained by the noncongruency of the delivered feedback with the attended MI task. Following this theory, we propose for the first time the use of sensory threshold neuromuscular electrical stimulation (St-NMES) during MI task to enhance kinesthetic strategies. We hypothesized that StNMES would foster subjects MI performance without any EEG artefactual contamination by NMES. In this offline study, five naïve healthy subjects were recorded over two different days using either a visual or St-NMES guidance during MI or resting exercises. Results showed how, St-NMES led to enhanced MI discriminability and classification accuracy. Our findings indicate that StNMES is a promising support for future online MI-BCI performances.