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From phagocyte diversity and activation to probiotics: Back to Metchnikoff

In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Siamon Gordon gives a detailed account of Metchnikoff's life and his achievements (Eur. J. Immunol. 2008. 38: 3257–3264). Looking back at the roots of innate immunity stimulates reflections on open issues in the field. Here, I give a personal view of some of these issues, including myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, macrophage polarization and adaptive responses of mononuclear phagocytes.