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Renal artery occlusion

Very occasionally, a patient presents with an acutely unobstructed, nonfunctioning kidney. Renal artery occlusion (RAO) is a rare but signi®cant cause of kidney loss. Renal artery embolism was ®rst described by Traube in 1856 [1] and traumatic occlusion of the renal artery was documented by von Recklinghausen in 1861 [2]. In this review we examine the different mechanisms of presentation of RAO and highlight some of the controversies in its diagnosis and treatment.