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FOCUSING TECHNIQUES FOR 3 D SPOTLIGHT-MODE SAR : APERTURE EXPLOITATION AND OPTIMAL BEAMFORMING

The output of a SAR is typically a photographic-like image of a scene, or more specifically, a representation of the complex scene reflectivity as a function of range and cross range position. The projection of scattering objects in a three-dimensional scene onto the range direction is defined by the imaging geometry and occurs along arcs of constant range. Objects with height above the focus plane thus layover towards the radar and the height information is now encoded in this displacement and an associated phase term contributing to the computed SAR reflectivity. Recovery of the height information may be achieved through exploitation of this phase information by acquiring images with a cross-track baseline and applying interferometric SAR (InSAR) processing techniques. However InSAR using two data sets is unable to resolve the layover ambiguity wherein multiple targets at different heights lay over to the same resolution cell.