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Medication use, sleep, and caregiver smoking status among urban children with asthma

ABSTRACT Objective: Children living in urban settings from low-income, minority families are at a high risk for experiencing asthma morbidity. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS, i.e., secondhand) exposure, typically from caregiver smoking, has been associated with increased quick-relief medication use and child nocturnal awakenings due to increased asthma symptoms as well as worse sleep quality in children with asthma. This study investigated the moderating role of caregiver smoking status on the association between quick-relief medication use and child's sleep quality in urban children with persistent asthma. Methods: Fifty-four urban children with persistent asthma and their primary caregivers completed a baseline research session. Caregivers then completed ecological momentary assessment surveys via smartphones twice daily for two weeks in which smoking behaviors, child quick-relief medication use, and child's sleep quality were assessed. Results: Twenty caregivers (37%) reported smoking at least one day across the two-week period. The caregiver smoking status significantly moderated the association between quick-relief medication use and child's sleep quality after controlling for child age and monthly household income. The caregiver smoking status exacerbated the association between quick-relief medication use and child's sleep quality, such that more medication usage was associated with worse sleep quality. Conclusions: Findings suggest that in urban families with a caregiver who smokes, more daily quick-relief medication use may put children at an increased risk for worse sleep quality. The effects of ETS exposure on child's sleep quality in addition to child asthma symptoms should be an integral part of discussions between pediatric healthcare providers and families of children with asthma.