{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02658045977011494, 'fraction_numerical': 0.017241379310344827, 'mean_word_length': 4.927659574468085, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Microform of Cleft Palate in Dogs

Clefts of the lip or palate or both occur sporadically in several breeds of dogs, eg, terrier, boxer, beagle, and bulldog. As in man, no simple genetic mechanism that causes clefts has been found. It is likely that a multifactorial dose effect is involved, ie, the appearance of a cleft defect is related to the cumulative etiologic stress placed on the organism as a particular developmental threshold is attained. In view of the inconclusive nature of genetic evidence for clefting, new clues to hereditary transmission are of potential value. Recent studies in humans (FUKUHARA and SAITO, Bull Tokyo Med and Dent Univ 10: 333, 1963; MESKIN ET AL, Acta Chir Plast 8:91, 1966) indicate the necessity of careful examination of apparently unaffected close relatives of cleft probands. The investigators found that incomplete forms of clefting show increased prevalence in families of cleft probands when compared with normal families. This study found additional evidence of microform defects related to the cleft palate in dogs. The normal palate of the dog has rugae that run transversely across the palate. The median raphe is indistinct, so that these prominent ridges are virtually continuous across the midline (A. SCHULTZ, Contrib Embryol Carn Inst 33:45, 1949). In a colony of part-beagle dogs that was maintained for several years, selective line-