{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.029538461538461538, 'fraction_numerical': 0.029538461538461538, 'mean_word_length': 5.3023255813953485, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 1, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
INVESTIGATION OF GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN CHICKPEA GENOTYPES USING AMMI AND GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS

Genotype by environment (GE) interaction is considered to be among the major factors limiting the efficiency of breeding programs. Fifteen chickpea genotypes were evaluated to study their adaptability and stability in eight environments of South East of Turkey. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in over three years. In this study, AMMI and GGE biplot analyses were used in the evaluation of test environments and genotypes. The AMMI analysis showed that the effects of genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction were significant (P<0.01) on grain yield. The results of AMMI analyses indicated that chickpea grain yield performances were highly affected by environmental effect followed by the magnitude of GEI and genotype contributed the least effect. The polygon view of the GGE biplot showed that environments used this study belonged to two mega-environments, with different winning genotypes G2 (FLIP03-128C) and G12 (FLIP09-51C). The GGE biplot also revealed that E6 (2015 Diyarbakir winter sowing) was the most discriminating environment for grain yield of chickpea genotypes. According to the AMMI, GGE biplot and linier regression models, considering simultaneous average yield and stability, G1 (EN 934) and G10 (FLIP 03-110C) genotypes were the best genotype all the environments. However, G2 (FLIP03-128C), G3 (FLIP03-28C) and G5 (X03TH130) genotypes can be regarded as adapted to a wide range of environments.