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The Transfer Function of a Boreholed Dipole Antenna

In this paper, a semiempirical model is presented to characterize the transfer function and scattering parameters of a vertical dipole antenna in the 164–174 MHz bandwidth. The antenna is either radiating in free space or it is inserted in an air-filled borehole in a salt mine. The model uses the signal flow graph for modeling of the antenna coupling with the environment and the effects of radio wave propagation in the layered medium. Analytical results are fit to measurements performed with a vector network analyzer, and the transfer functions are obtained by applying a least mean square algorithm. Experimental data acquired in free space allow also the determination of the intrinsic parameters of the antennas, providing a stand-alone method.