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Reproductive Female Common Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) Are Not Anorexic in the Wild

Abstract The active season of the Common Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) in Missouri lasts about 170 days, from mid-April to early October. Females begin vitellogenesis in April, ovulate in June, and give birth in August to September. Reproduction occupies about 130 days (76%) of the active season. Food was present in 71% of vitellogenic snakes, 64% of pregnant snakes, and 43% of postpartum snakes. Coelomic fat mass decreased during vitellogenesis but increased during pregnancy. At parturition, 40% of females had sufficient fat reserves to reproduce the following year. Dry mass of ovulated ova/developing young did not change through pregnancy; however, wet mass increased from 45% in freshly ovulated ova to 78% at parturition. We conclude that reproductive females are not anorexic and that the increase in water content of the embryos adds considerable mass to the mother during pregnancy.