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Radicals in America: The U.S. Left Since the Second World War

has been embedded in a set of institutions that is outside the reach of the democratic process. By the time that the policy prescriptions have reached the public sphere they already reflect capitalist class interests that are presented as being in the national interest. The author shows that characteristically the policy ideas that ultimately win out bear the imprint of the prior definition of the limits of acceptable opinion worked out by the CFR. This is not an accident, but it is also not evidence of a conspiracy. As Shoup makes clear, dissenting opinions are marginalized by the organizational structure of the CFR. Moreover, the rewards available to scholars involved in developing policy ideas insure that they work within the established limits of debate. The CFR has simply been given a privileged position in the policy network, and it acts accordingly. Shoup’s remarkable achievement is to document the significance of the CFR in this network of institutions.