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Intramyocardial adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor‐D∆N∆C gene therapy does not induce ventricular arrhythmias

The phase I KAT301 trial investigated the use of intramyocardial adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor‐DΔNΔC (AdVEGF‐D) gene therapy (GT) to alleviate symptoms in refractory angina (RA) patients. In KAT301, 30 patients with RA were randomized to AdVEGF‐D or the control group in 4:1 ratio. The treatment was found to be feasible, increasing myocardial perfusion and reducing angina symptoms at 1‐year follow‐up. However, there is some evidence suggesting that the intramyocardial delivery route and overexpression of (vascular endothelial growth) VEGFs might induce ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, we investigated whether intramyocardial AdVEGF‐D GT increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients treated for RA.