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Tolerance to Mls-disparate cells induces suppressor T cells that act at the helper level to prevent in vivo generation of cytolytic lymphocytes to hapten-altered self.

We have been examining the mechanisms that control in vivo development and down regulation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-altered self antigens. In vivo generation of hapten-specific CTL requires an auxiliary antigenic stimulus, which can be provided by H-2 compatible but Mls-disparate cells. These experiments were designed to study the effect of tolerization with such Mls-disparate cells on CTL development. C3H/HeN (H-2k, Mlsc ) mice sensitized in the footpads with C3H-TNP spleen cells plus CBA/J (H-2k, Mlsd ) spleen cells develop CTL in the draining lymph nodes that will lyse 51Cr-labeled TNP-modified C3H targets. However, we have found that if C3H/HeN mice are given tolerizing doses of CBA/J spleen cells 5 to 7 days before sensitization, a splenic suppressor T cell (Ts) appears. This Ts will suppress CTL development in its tolerant host, and can be transferred adoptively to function in naive mice. Ts and its precursor are cyclophosphamide insensitive and therefore different from the naturally existing suppressor cell present in mice. When triggered by cells with Mlsd , the Ts produces a factor (TsF) that hinders helper factors from functioning in an in vitro CTL assay. Furthermore, TsF acts to prevent utilization of IL 2 by an IL 2-dependent cell line. Thus, evidence has been provided that the in vivo generation of CTL toward hapten-altered self can be down regulated at the level of helper signals by a Ts. The latter is inducible by the Mls-disparate cells that are needed at a different site to trigger the helper factors in this CTL system.