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Effects of dietary saturated fatty acids on serum high density lipoprotein, non-high-density lipoprotein and remnant-cholesterol in the Reading Imperial Surrey Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention (RISSCI-1) study

Rationale for the dietary guideline to replace saturated (SFA) with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) to reduce risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) rests heavily on the lowering of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (1) . However, there is evidence to suggest that this dietary exchange may be associated with favourable effects on other cardiometabolic risk factors, including non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), a measure of all atherogenic lipoproteins in serum (2) . The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary SFA on serum HDL-C, non-HDL-C, and remnant-cholesterol in the RISSCI-1 study.The RISSCI-1 study was a non-randomised, single-blind, dietary intervention study in which 109 healthy men, aged 30 to 65 y, followed two iso-energetic diets; Diet 1 (High SFA 18% total energy (TE), UFA 15%TE, total fat 33% TE), followed immediately by Diet 2 (lower-SFA 10%TE, high UFA 24%TE, total fat 34%TE) for 4 weeks each. Dietary intake was assessed, and fasted blood samples taken for serum lipid analysis, at baseline and after Diets 1 and 2. Serum total and HDL-C were measured by com-mercially available assays, whereas LDL-C (total C – (HDL-C - TAG/2.2)), non-HDL-C (total C - HDL-C), and remnant-cholesterol (TC - (LDL-C + HDL-C)) were calculated. Statistical comparisons of the difference between baseline and high SFA versus the high SFA and lower SFA diets were made by paired sample t-test.