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Neuronal localization of the neutral endopeptidase ‘enkephalinase’ in rat brain revealed by lesions and autoradiography.

The cellular localization of rat brain enkephalinase was studied after induction of selective unilateral lesions using in vitro quantitative autoradiography of the specific binding of the enzyme inhibitor [3H]‐N‐[(2RS)‐3‐hydroxyaminocarbonyl‐2‐benzyl‐1‐oxopropyl]glycine ([3H]HACBO‐Gly). Twenty‐one days following injection of kainic acid in the caudate‐putamen (CP) [3H]HACBO‐Gly binding was locally decreased by 52% with a concomitant reduction of 67 and 78% in the ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN) and globus pallidus (GP), respectively. Inhibition of axonal transport in the CP by unilateral stereotaxic injection of colchicine induced a large (30‐60%) and progressive decrease in enkephalinase labelling within the ipsilateral GP and SN. Taken together these results strongly suggest that in the CP a large fraction of enkephalinase is localized on intrinsic striatal neurones, and that the enzyme present both in the GP and the SN is partly localized on nerve terminals originating from neurones in the CP. No change in [3H]HACBO‐Gly binding was observed in the CP following injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine in the nigrostriatal bundle, contrasting with the 30% depletion in opioid receptors. This would indicate that enkephalinase is present in only very low amounts, if at all, on striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals.