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Theoretical study of Ti:LiNbO3 strip waveguides in the Mid-infrared

Abstract The transverse magnetic and transverse electric mode size and effective refractive index as functions of the Ti-strip initial width W, diffusion temperature T and Ti-strip initial thickness H in c-cut Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides have been theoretically studied at wavelengths of 3.0 and 3.39 μm on the basis of modified expressions for the waveguide surface index increment. The single-mode, multiple-mode and cut-off conditions have been identified from those effective refractive index plots. These mid-infrared numerical results are discussed comparatively with near-infrared data reported earlier.