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Emission of Air Pollution in the Transport Sector: Case Study of the City of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil

The transportation sector is certainly one of the 
main agent’s principals and has contributed to the increase in global air pollution. In Brazil, the 
large-scale use of diesel for charge and passenger transport produces considerable 
air pollution in cities. The objectives of the study were to determine the 
concentrations of gas emissions (CO, NO and NO2), identify the 
chemical species that make up the particulates, from the exhaust of diesel 
vehicles and identify chemical species of particulates accumulated in air 
conditioning filters realized in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes located in 
the State of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, for the determination of the gas 
concentrations, electrochemical sensors were used and in the identification of 
chemical species, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used. The results showed 
CO concentrations in the range of 173 to 880 ppmv, of NO in the range 52 to 240 
ppmv and NO2 in the range 6 to 252 ppmv in the vehicles exhaust, and 
chemical species of the particulates in the exhaust identified: Ca, Si, Fe, S, 
Ti, P, Zn, Sc and Mn. Furthermore, Ca, Si, Fe, S, Ti, P, Zn, Mn, K, Cl, Al, Pb, 
V, Cu, Sr, Br and Er were in the air 
conditioning system. The concentration of gases and particulates is increased 
by the presence of a large highway that runs through the city, with one intense 
flow of trucks and buses, which certainly contributes to the reduction of the 
region’s air quality.