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Very High Frequency Radio Emissions Associated With the Production of Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

Recent studies of the close association between terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) production and simultaneous lightning processes have shown that many TGFs are produced during the initial leader of intracloud flashes and that some low‐frequency (LF) radio emissions may directly come from TGF itself. Measurements of any simultaneous very high frequency (VHF) radio emissions would give important insight into any lightning leader dynamics that are associated with TGF generation, and thus, such measurements are needed. Here we report on coordinated observations of TGFs detected simultaneously by Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor, two VHF lightning mapping arrays, and Duke ground‐based LF radio sensors to investigate more on the close association between TGFs and LF and VHF radio emissions. Three TGFs are analyzed here and confirm previous findings on the close association between TGF generation and lightning processes and, for the first time, provide time‐aligned measurements of the VHF radio signature within a few tens of microseconds of TGF generation. Strong VHF emissions were observed essentially simultaneously with two TGFs and within a few tens of microseconds of a third TGF. Equally importantly, the VHF measurement details indicate that the TGF‐associated emissions are nonimpulsive and extended in time. We conclude that the TGF‐producing process is at least sometimes closely associated with strong VHF emissions, and thus, there may be a link between the generation of TGFs and active lightning streamer dynamics.