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Production and Characterization of Pectin by Acid Extraction Method from Orange Peels Waste Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

: Egypt produces orange fruits about 72.3% of the total production of citrus fruits with approximately 3.42 million tons. Orange peels are the major source of commercial pectin. Pectin is a polysaccharide compound present in the rind of citrus fruits. Pectin is used in different industries such as pharmaceuticals and food processing. This study aims to extract pectin from orange peels using the acid extraction method. The effect of pH (1-3), temperature (60-90℃) and time (30 to 120 min) was investigated on the yield using a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. The highest extraction yield of (21.9%) was obtained at a temperature of 90℃, time of 120 min and pH of 1. The degree of esterification for extracted pectin was found 68.28% indicating that pectin is high methoxyl pectin. Extracted pectin has an equivalent weight, a methoxyl, and an anhydrouronic acid content of 704.46 g/mole, 10.7%, and 89.58% respectively. It was found that moisture and ash content was 12%, and 2.2% respectively. The results showed that the characteristics of extracted pectin are within the limits permitted by the International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA).