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Anatomical Aspects of Abscission in Pistachio


In pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kerman), when flowers did not set or when young fruits were removed, pedicels and/or portions of the rachis or of the primary branches subtending these parts abscised. Inflorescence buds on fruiting shoots and those on nonbearing shoots treated with (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) also abscised. Abscission of the above organs, as well as of leaflets and compound leaves, occurred in definite zones. The first manifestation of the abscission process was transverse cell division in the abscission zone. A separation layer developed in the distal portion of the abscission zone in these organs. The newly formed cells in the proximal area of the abscission zone of pedicels, rachises, and ethephon-treated inflorescence buds became protective layers. However, the counterpart in abscising inflorescence buds on fruiting shoots was largely degraded as abscission progressed. Abscission of mature fruits of pistachio was not preceded by cell division but involved separation and collapse of cells in the fruit mesocarp and exocarp surrounding the distal portion of the pedicel.