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Physical and Mechanistic Characterization of Tardigrade Cryptobiotic States in Response to Environmental Stressors

Tardigrades, known more commonly as ‘water bears,’ are semi‐microscopic invertebrates that possess a remarkable ability to withstand extreme stress. This stress tolerance is inferred via cryptobiosis, a collection of quiescent states enabling long‐term survival to extreme stressors through temporary metabolic suspension and upregulation of protective biomolecules. While cryptobiotic abilities span taxa across all kingdoms, the tardigrades ability to survive desiccation, freezing, oxygen starvation, fluctuating osmotic pressure, and ionizing radiation (using anhydrobiosis, cryobiosis, anoxybiosis, osmobiosis, and irradiation‐induced dormancy, respectively) is matched by none.