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Pa’lante in Pennsylvania: Puerto Rican Educational and Cultural Organizing through Aspira Inc. of Pennsylvania

1 On this history of Aspira Inc., see Lauren Lefty, “Seize the Schools, Que Viva Puerto Rico Libre: Cold War Education Politics in New York City and San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1948–1975” (PhD diss., New York University, forthcoming 2019); and Antonia Pantoja, Memoir of a Visionary: Antonia Pantoja (Houston, 2002). Aspira embodied the spirit of “Pa’lante” (“Forward”), a common slogan among Puerto Rican community activists. 2 For more on the organizing activities of Puerto Ricans in New York, Philadelphia, and elsewhere on the mainland, see Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City (Berkeley, CA, 1994); Carmen Whalen, ed., The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Historical Perspectives (Philadelphia, 2005); and Lorrin Thomas, Puerto Rican Citizen: History and Political Identity in Twentieth-Century New York City (Chicago, 2010). Pa’lante in Pennsylvania: Puerto Rican Educational and Cultural Organizing through Aspira Inc. of Pennsylvania