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Integrated Utility-Transit Model for a Comprehensive Transition Plan for Battery-Electric Bus Fleets

Electrification of public transportation is becoming increasingly popular due to its significant impact on the environment. The new electric fleets have a substantial impact on the electrical distribution system due to their electric nature. A novel fleet replacement or transition problem is proposed in this paper, which incorporates the perspectives of transit agencies and electric utilities in order to determine the optimal purchasing decisions and when to make them. In the proposed problem, a series of sequential problems are posed that aim to minimize the total annualized costs, together resulting in an optimal transition plan. In this study, simulation results were obtained for the transition of a 5.75 km route using overnight charging. The optimal location of the depot is determined, followed by fleet sizing and charger selection. These results are incorporated into the final transition problem which determines when to make purchase decisions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.