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Analysis of Waxes on Historical Samples by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Analysis of the composition of binders applied to different historical objects is an important analytical task. On the basis of the results from this investigation, different cleaning, conservation, and restoration steps may be applied without a danger of damaging the treated materials. Very often the binders are mixtures of natural materials such as waxes, resins, proteins, and sugars. In this work thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 plates with petroleum ether–diethyl ether–acetic acid 90:10:1 (v/v) as mobile phase was used to identify the unknown waxes in binding media on several different historical samples. Visualization was performed under UV light at 254 nm. The waxes identified were carnauba, candelilla, and lanolin.