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Planar optical configurations for imaging and data processing

Planar optical configurations combine holographic elements with a substrate mode planar structure where the light is trapped inside the structure by total internal reflections. As a result, usual free space propagation can be replaced by guided propagation in the planar structures on which holographic elements are recorded on either side. These configurations can thus be very compact and readily modularized so as to eliminate the, usually needed, extreme alignment accuracies between input light sources, holographic elements, and output detectors. The principles and examples of how such elements can be incorporated into display and data processing applications are presented.