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Appendix . Formal Theories of Parthood

This Appendix gives a brief overview of the main formal theories of parthood, or mereologies, to be found in the literature. The focus is on classical theories, so the survey is not meant to be exhaustive. Moreover, it does not cover the many philosophical issues relating to the endorsement of the theories themselves, concerning which the reader is referred to the Selected Bibliography at the end of the volume. In particular, we shall be working under the following simplifying assumptions: