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Application of thin-film transistors in label-free DNA biosensors

DNA sensors are the most important biosensors that have been popularly studied. The detection of nucleic acid is of great scientific and economic importance. Applications of DNA sensors include geneexpression monitoring, pharmacogenomic research and drug discovery, clinical diagnostics, and viral and bacterial identifica tion. It is also important for the detection of biowarfare and bioterrorism agents, and for forensic and genetic identification. It has been recognized that the DNA sensors for the above applications should be highly sensitive, selective, integrated, portable and disposable. Therefore, DNA microarray (DNA chip) technology has been developed to offer unprecedented simultaneous and multiplexed analysis in a high-throughput screening format.