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Quantum Dot Cellular Automata: A Review

–Shockley’s transistor invented in 1952 has shrunk immensely as the years pass by, making the electronic computers very compact and one of the most powerful devices of the century. However advancements in Microelectronics as per Moore's law, face huge technical barriers in the future of transistor based computation due to the limitations posed at the nanoscale size. In view of this the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has indicated several new technologies that are likely to replace the transistor based computation in the near future. Some of these include Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs), Single Electron Tunneling (SET), Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA), and Tunneling Phase Logic (TPL). Among these, QCA seems to be the most promising emerging technology, as a viable alternative to CMOS. In this paper an effort has been made to present the review of the work carried out in QCA till date, from the time of its invention in 1940.