{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01675977653631285, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00558659217877095, 'mean_word_length': 4.877049180327869, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A VR Study on Freehand vs. Widgets for 3D Manipulation Tasks

We present in this article the results of a study based on a 3D user interface toolkit we developed which can be easily adapted and reused in VR applications featuring hand-tracking. We evaluated hand-based and widget-based manipulation techniques as well as different multimodal cues for 3D manipulation and system-control tasks. Our study compared the techniques in terms of performance and user acceptance. We found that free-hand manipulation is faster and preferred by the participants. We also analyzed the influence of the multimodal cues, finding valuable insights to integrate these cues and improve the user experience in 3D manipulation tasks.