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Regiospecificity of Galactan Polymerization by Divergent GlfT2 Orthologs

Despite their ubiquity of polysaccharides, we lack detailed mechanistic understanding toward how carbohydrate polymers are assembled. Unlike the predictable linkage patterns used in other major molecules, polysaccharides can draw upon a large bevy of diverse glycosidic linkages to form complex polymers. To better understand polysaccharide assembly, our research group has turned toward using the mycobacterial galactan as a model. Composed of galactofuranose (Galf) residues, this essential polymer serves as a covalent connector between the mycolic acids and peptidoglycan of mycolated bacteria. The processive glycosyltransferase GlfT2 uses the activated form of galactofuranose, UDP‐Galf, to continuously add residues onto the galactan until reaching a mature length.