{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021827000808407437, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004850444624090542, 'mean_word_length': 5.284263959390863, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Climate and Circulation in Imperial Austria*

In one of the most evocative passages of literary nostalgia for the Habsburg world, Joseph Roth conjured the monarchy through aristocratic eyes as a series of geographic contrasts dissolving into a higher unity. Through the gaze of Count Morstin, on his habitual tours d’horizon of the fatherland, the Habsburg cliché of “unity in diversity” sprang to life. Roth’s story highlights the importance of the geographic imagination to the self-understanding of Habsburg-loyal German Austrians. But the intellectual roots of this imperial vision remain obscure, particularly those that lie in the work of Austria’s natural scientists of the late nineteenth century. In 1889, Alexander Supan, a German-Austrian climatologist at the easternmost outpost of Habsburg science in Czernowitz, defined the role of physical geography in the empire: “All living things blossom forth from the balancing out of neighboring contrasts. To ascertain these contrasts and describe their influence on men: this we see as our scientific responsibility.”2 Supan implied that the climatologist had a critical role to play in the imperial project of mapping natural and human difference.3 He was charged not merely with