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Mucosal Immunization with a Urease B DNA Vaccine Induces Innate and Cellular Immune Responses Against Helicobacter pylori

Background:  Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a major risk factor for recurrent gastroduodenal inflammatory diseases and gastric adenocarcinoma. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection worldwide, the risks of side‐effects from antibiotic therapy, and increasing resistance to antibiotics are the main primers for the development of improved H. pylori vaccines. The antigenic potential of its urease enzyme, a critical virulence factor required for colonization of the gastric mucosa, has been demonstrated in animal and human studies. An important but controversial issue in H. pylori vaccine studies is the type of immune response required to control infection. A new approach in H. pylori vaccinology is the administration of DNA vaccines, which has included heat‐shock protein and catalase DNA vaccines.