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Electric Field Driven On-Request Instant in-situ Formation/Removal of Solid Hydrogel within Microchannels for Efficient Electrophoretic Separation.

Electrophoretic separation in short microchannels is a promising way for rapid analysis of biomolecules, but the pressurized laminar flow may compromise the separation efficiency. In this work, through an electric field, instant formation and removal of solid chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate (CS/β-GP) hydrogel within microchannels of microchips were realized. In a typical cross-type microchip, the CS/β-GP hydrogel was precisely formed in the separation microchannel within 15 s of the application of a voltage of 2000 V. Highly efficient separation of peptides and proteins was achieved, and theoretical plate numbers of 0.6 - 1.5 × 106/m were attained for proteins in 120 s. The used hydrogel could be swiftly removed also with an electric field and the whole procedure was achieved on a standard microchip electrophoresis device with no extra accessory or special operation is required.