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The discoid meniscus

Discoid meniscus is the most common morphological anomaly of the meniscus. The frequency of this anomaly varies depending on geographic location and is highest in eastern Asia (Japan, China, and Korea). Although discoid meniscus was described more than a hundred years ago it is still a challenge both in the diagnostic and therapeutical sense. Since the incidence of this anomaly is relatively high and clinical presentation heterogenous, differential diagnosis of any nonspecific symptom and pain without obvious trauma of the knee in children should include the discoid meniscus. Most authors recommend only observation for an asymptomatic discoid meniscus determined incidentally during arthroscopy because the knee might have adapted to the discoid anatomy and may continue to function well. Surgical intervention is indicated only for symptomatic discoid menisci. Currently, most authors recommend meniscal preservation using arthroscopic saucerization. The goal of saucerization is to create a stable and functionally remaining meniscus which will provide adequate shock absorption without re-tearing. In this review we present the latest findings regarding etiology, anatomical features, classification, accompanying conditions, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities and practical management considerations of discoid meniscus.