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Collision Avoidance for Unmanned Aircraft: Proving the Safety Case

Abstract : The MITRE Corporation and Lincoln Laboratory have collaborated on this paper because we believe that it is important to articulate the system safety studies needed. Our two organizations bring a wealth of knowledge and experience associated with the development and implementation of TCAS. We were directly involved and/or closely associated with a significant portion of the system safety analysis that supported RTCA, FAA, Eurocontrol, and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) decisions related to TCAS2 standards and certification. Section 2 of this paper describes the safety analysis process. It gives a high level description of each step in the process, with emphasis on issues unique to UAS. Sections 3 through 5 describe selected areas in more detail. Section 3 addresses sensors and algorithms, which are specific aspects of the Concept of Operations. Section 4 describes encounter model development. Sections 5 describes the combination of fault tree analysis and dynamic simulation to assess UAS collision avoidance performance. Section 6 gives a summary.