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A pilot study on the endoscopic surveillance of colorectal dysplasia and cancer in long-standing ulcerative colitis.

INTRODUCTION
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have a greater risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) when compared to the general population. Epithelial dysplasia comes before this neoplasm, and thus endoscopic surveillance is recommended to these patients. This pilot study aims at establishing the incidence of dysplasia and CRC in patients with long-standing UC in our hospital.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This is a prospective observational study performed in patients with a definite diagnosis of UC for more than 8 years. These patients were encouraged to enroll in an endoscopic surveillance program for CRC. All patients underwent colonoscopy and multiple biopsies every 18 to 24 months in order to detect epithelial dysplasia.


RESULTS
Thirty-nine patients were included from January 1994 to December 2003. Half of them were males. Mean age was 52 +/- 13 years. Mean duration of UC was 15 +/- 8 years. Thirteen (35%) patients had left colitis, and 26 (65%) had pancolitis or extensive colitis. The presence of mild dysplasia was detected in four patients, on two occasions in one of them (13%; 95% CI: 6.1-33.5); the incidence of mild dysplasia was 1.3% patients per surveillance year. No severe dysplasia or CRCs were identified.


CONCLUSION
The incidence of dysplasia in our area is lower than expected, and does not support surveillance programs for these patients. However, no definite conclusions may be drawn from such a small number of patients.