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Land, water, language and politics in Andhra: regional evolution in India since 1850, by Brian Stoddart A people's collector in the British Raj: Arthur Galletti, by Brian Stoddart

Brian Stoddart was one of the earliest historians to examine the nationalist movements in Madras Presidency and this gave him a special interest in the re-emergence of Andhra within the political structure of independent India.1 After a period in which he concentrated on the history and culture of sport, he has been able to return to South Asian history and the first results of that have been the appearance of two volumes that carry the Andhra story forward in important ways. The first volume – Land, Water, Language and Politics in Andhra – provides a study of the agrarian background to the Andhra movement from ca. 1850 onwards and the ways in which the movement affected post-independence politics in India. The second volume – A People’s Collector in the British Raj – is a biography of Arthur Galletti, which discusses aspects of Galletti’s career in the Madras Presidency (mainly in Andhra districts) and (briefly) his scholarly work on Telugu. The first volume deals with an important aspect of the history of colonial and postcolonial South India: the re-emergence of Andhra, the Telugu-speaking region of the north-eastern quarter of the peninsula. The re-emergence of Andhra is important because it represented the most significant example of regional re-building in the political and constitutional struggles that marked the overthrow of British colonial and postcolonial power in the ‘Indian Empire’; and because the victory for the linguistic basis for regional identity in modern India owed a major debt to the Andhra movement. It was a movement that fought for recognition through the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and finally gained almost full expression in the victory of the linguistic states’ re-organization in 1956 for the whole of the Indian Union. The Telugu-speaking region of the Indian peninsula had been an important control region on the Bay of Bengal and inland in the north-eastern quarter of the peninsula, most significantly when it served as the basis for the power of the Vijayanagar empire in the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. This role began to re-appear – particularly in coastal Andhra – in the mid-nineteenth century as the irrigation schemes of British engineers on the Krishna and Godavari rivers brought new strength to the regional economy. Stoddart’s study of the political and economic factors that brought victory to the Andhra region concentrates initially on the coastal districts of Andhra, which became increasingly developed as a result of the mid-nineteenth century irrigation works. This development strengthened the dominant agrarian interests in coastal Andhra and allowed political elements to create strong political networks and political activism in the coastal Andhra districts. Stoddart shows that the political situation allowed two connected political changes to develop: first, the readiness from the outset for political strategists in Andhra to