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Geothermal Surface manifestation mapping in South- Western Tanzania Mnzava Lightness J., Mayo, A. W. and Katima J. H.Y. University of Dar es Salaam -Tanzania College of Engineering and Technology (COET)

Geothermal exploration by mapping surface manifestations, which includes geological mapping, structural mapping and hydrothermal mapping was carried out in the four geothermal prospects of South-western Tanzania namely Songwe, Mapulo-Kasimulo, Rungwe and Lake Ngozi area. The major objective was to produce a hydrothermal map including phenomena like hot and warm grounds, hot and warm springs, steam vents, mud pits, geothermal altered rocks and any kind of surface thermal manifestation. For practical purposes hot springs, faults, major fractures and young volcanic features like volcanic craters, eruptive fissures and hot grounds were mapped as a link is often found to exist between tectonic features and the distribution of geothermal manifestations. During mapping surface temperatures of the hot ground, hot springs, lakes, rivers and stream were measured. The highest surface temperature of 98 o C was registered at the Rungwe, 85 o C at Songwe, 65 o C at Mampulo-Kasimulo and around 65 o C at Lake Ngozi prospects respectively. The lake is a crater lake and the satellite imagery indicated some promising sources of heat. The water encountered is of HCO3 type and the underground temperature were estimated using Giggenbach ternary diagram; it showed a tkn temperature of 180 o C at Mampulo, 210 o C at Songwe, 220 o C at Rungwe and Malonde. The estimation of heat stored in rocks, fluid, vapor and condensate was done. The potential usable heat was calculated and the result was used to estimate the Power Potential for Songwe which is 107MWe.These preliminary results are an indication that Tanzania has a potential for geothermal exploitation.