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The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and Guillain‐Barré syndrome

This review covers current hypotheses regarding antigen-specific disease induction, immune responses within the central and peripheral nervous systems, the nonspecific inflammatory cascade, and mechanisms responsible for demyelination, axonal loss, and disease progression in multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. We also discuss the new evidence on the role of infection as an aetiological factor in multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.