{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027115474520804116, 'fraction_numerical': 0.023842917251051893, 'mean_word_length': 5.312684365781711, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Detection of allelic variants in lactoferrin gene promoter using created restriction site PCR-RFLP and its association with mastitis

Dairy industry is suffering huge losses annually due to mastitis, which is one of the major production related diseases in cows. Mastitis is the single most important cause of financial loss to the dairy industry not only to India but worldwide and is clearly a global disease. According to an estimate loss due to mastitis approach $2 billion annually in the United States alone (Halloran 2009) and about `6,053.21 crore in India (Burman 2002). Lactoferrin protein is present in all external secretions including bovine milk and secondary granules of polymorpho nuclear cells and exerts several functions related to innate immunity and host defence. Level of lactoferrin protein in milk varies enormously between species and bovine milk is the most common source of commercially produced lactoferrin, concentrations ranging between 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml in milk. Some reports indicated that lactoferrin (Lf) concentration in milk and serum would change during the infection of mastitis (Barkema 1998, Hirvoen 1999), suggesting that there was some association between Lf and mastitis. Therefore, observation on polymorphism of Lf gene by RFLP, and association between Lf and mastitis incidence could give some novel insight into theory and practice. In the present study, polymorphism of Lf gene promoter was investigated by created restriction site PCR-RFLP, and association between Lf genotypes and mastitis incidence was studied. Experimental animals, DNA isolation and polymorphism detection: Genomic DNA was isolated from Sahiwal (200) and Karan Fries (150) cattle maintained at cattle yard of the Institute, using phenol/chloroform method (Sambrook and Russel 2001). NCBI sequence accession number AY 319306 was used to design the primer. Forward and reverse primers (PF 5’- AACCTACACATGCTGCAATGGAAG3’ and PR 5’-TGCTTATCGTTCACTGATTGCAGG-3’) with T M of 61°C, were designed using Primer-3 software with one of the primers containing a nucleotide mismatch, which enables the use of restriction enzyme for