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Electroacupuncture therapy for acute gastrointestinal injury: review and perspectives

Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) was defined as malfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in critically ill patients due to their acute illness by the Working Group on Abdominal Problems (WGAP) of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) in 2012. GI dysfunction is commonly observed in critical illness under conditions of stress such as infection, trauma, hemorrhage, and toxication. More than 50% of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) had acute gastric mucosal damage;1 also 62% of critically ill patients experienced GI symptoms during their ICU stay, while up to 20% of the patients above might eventually develop acute GI failure.2 Current clinical treatment of AGI is symptomatic and supportive, including pharmacological interventions such as gastric motility agents, probiotics, and enteral nutrition (EN), with outcomes that are less than satisfactory. Electroacupuncture (EA) is speculated to have therapeutic potential for certain GI diseases attributed to gut dysmotility. In recent years, researchers have reported that EA might help improve GI function by promoting GI motility and antiinflammation, and regulating/modulating the gut microbiota. EA may be a feasible adjunctive therapy to enhance clinical effectiveness but is rarely used in the ICU. Therefore, we summarized available articles on the treatment of AGI using EA to explore its potential application for this problem.