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American Multi-modal Energy System: Instantiated Structural Models of California and New York

As one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, global climate change demands a host of changes across four critical energy infrastructures: the electric power grid, the natural gas system, the oil system, and the coal system. Unfortunately, these systems are rarely studied together. Instead, holistic multi-energy system models can serve to improve the understanding of these interdependent systems as they evolve into the future. The NSF project entitled "American Multi-Modal Energy system Synthetic & Simulated Data (AMES-3D)" seeks to fill this void with an open-source structural and behavioral model of the AMES. To that end, this paper uses a GIS-data-driven, model-based systems engineering-guided approach to develop open-source software the produces open structural models of the American Multi-modal Energy Systems. More specifically, it reports and contrasts the hetero-functional incidence tensor, the formal graph adjacency matrix and hetero-functional graph adjacency matrix statistics for the multi-energy infrastructure systems of the states of California and New York. The paper finds that the geography and the sustainable energy policies of these states are deeply reflected in the structure of their multi-energy infrastructure systems.