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Congestion Management in a Deregulated Power System by Rescheduling Of Sensitive Generators and load curtailment using PSO

In a deregulated electricity market, CM is one of the key functions of a System Operator (SO) as congestion threatens system security and may cause rise in electricity price resulting in market inefficiency. Rescheduling generations and demands is an effective tool to relieve congestion. This paper presents a congestion management (CM) algorithm by optimal rescheduling of active powers of generators and power consumption of load. In addition to the rescheduling of real power generation, demand-side participation through load curtailment has been considered to manage congestion. Generator Sensitivity to the congested line and the costs of generation and demand side adjustments are considered while re-scheduling the generators and demands. The re-dispatch of transactions for congestion management in a pool model is formulated as an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to solve the OPF problem formulated. The proposed method has been tested on IEEE-30 bus System and the results show that the proposed technique is effectively minimizing the cost of CM in alleviating congestion in the transmission lines. Keywords— deregulation; congestion management; optimal power flow; demand side bidding; sensitivity