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Dynamical variation of the impedances of IPMC

The bending actuation of IPMCs is caused by the electrochemical reactions under imposed electric fields. The bending properties of the IPMC actuators as well as the sensitivity of IPMC sensors depend on the several particular impedances of the material, e.g. the conductivity of the electrodes, the capacitance of the ionomer, etc. The variation of the shape of the IPMCs causes the variations of those impedances and, therefore, leads to changes in their behavior. This effect is important in understanding the behavior of IPMC devices and could be exploited to obtain the feedback signal from them. This paper presents the results of the measurements of variations of the impedances of the surface electrodes as well as the IPMC devices in full during the course of their bending depending on the curvature of the device. The electrochemical analyses, including voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were carried out with two different IPMC materials. We show that the dynamical mechanical properties of the bending IPMC device and the particular impedances are correlated.