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Four Hundred One and Counting

In August 2019, Nikole Hannah-Jones launched The 1619 Project, a stunning visual, auditory, and interactive intervention that appeared in the New York Times Magazine, throughout the New York Times website, and in a glossy print edition of the paper. In the lead essay for the project, Hannah-Jones insisted that African Americans have worked persistently to make material the loftier ideals of American freedom. “It is we,” she writes, “who have been the perfecters of this democracy.” Chronicling four hundred years of racism and resistance, Hannah-Jones detailed the ways that Black people have dismantled some of the country’s most intransigent institutions, including slavery, segregation and mass incarceration. The 400th anniversary of 1619 produced aminor cottage industry of conferences, colloquia, think pieces, and performances, of which the current forum in this journal is a part. In light of these wide-ranging commemorations, I feel obliged to whisper in the most furtive, hushed tones my own aching and abiding ambiguity about 1619, a feeling that I’ve carried with me like a weight when speaking in lecture halls or walking the halls of historymuseums. I’ve written and revised and deleted that ache on computer keyboards and