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Mandibular Nerve and Maxillary Artery Anatomical Variations: Implications for Dentistry, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery

The posterior division mandibular nerve (V3) gives rise to several branches in the infratemporal region, including the auriculotemporal (ATN), lingual (LN), and inferior alveolar (IAN) nerve. The IAN block is the most commonly performed local anesthetic technique used in dentistry, and atypical morphology of the IAN could lead to block failure or complications. Further, all of the V3 branches are located in close proximity to the maxillary artery, the main blood supply to the maxillofacial region, thus need to be considered and avoided during surgery.