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A psychiatric appraisal of tongue symptoms.

The differential diagnosis of patients who have a psychogenic tongue symptom should include the anxiety states, hypochondriacal reactions, conversion reactions, tic, and masochistic reactions. Although tongue-thrusting has been implicated in some orthodontic cases, generally psychogenic tongue dysfunctions do not cause morphologic dental conditions. However, the practitioner must appropriately deal with the condition that stimulated symptom formation.