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On uranium 234U and 238U radionuclides in calcium and magnesium supplements and the potential effective radiation dose assessment to the consumers

ABSTRACT In this survey the concentrations of the radioactive nuclides uranium 234U and 238U were determined in the most popular calcium and magnesium supplements for adults in Poland. It was also investigated whether the supplements contain uranium isotopes and could be a potential source in the human diet and have an influence on the value of effective radiation doses to the consumers. The analyzed calcium and magnesium pharmaceuticals contained organic or inorganic compounds, several of natural origin as mussel’s shells, fish extracts, or sedimentary rocks. As results showed, 234U and 238U concentrations in natural origin calcium and magnesium supplements were significantly higher than in other, synthetic ones. The highest 234U and 238U activity concentrations were determined in tablets from mussel’s shells. The radiochemical hazard was assessed and the highest annual radiation dose was found in 234U and 238U present in supplements produced from shells or dolomite rock.