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LINGUA-GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE LEXICAL DIALECTOLOGY OF THE KAZAKHS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

The article deals with the lingua-geographic study of the lexical dialectology of the Kazakhs inhabiting the Kungrad area of Karakalpakstan. The problem of study of various dialects of the Kazakh language in the linguageographic aspect is still the most current one. This circumstance allows the researches to admit a big significance of study of the lexical dialectology of the Kazakhs inhabiting the Kungrad area by the lingua-geographic method. The detailed analysis of the Kazakh language of the people living in the collective farms «Raushan» and «Kokdarya» shows the distinguishing features and difference of this language from the Kazakh language spoken in other regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and other republics.


Introduction
The study of the language by the linguisticgeographical method was done first in the works of academician Sh.Saribaev. In his opinion it is important: 1) to study dialects and word-stocks in monographies; 2) to compile dialectological dictionaries; 3) to work out the dialectological atlas of the Kazakh language. The works of this scholar are very important not only in the study of Kazakh Linguistics, but in the study of history of the people as well. The work «The dialectological atlas of the Kazakh language» by Sh.Saribaev is considered to be one of the important parts of the dialectological atlas of the Turkic languages [10, р. 85-92].
The works of another scholar S.Omarbekov devoted to the study of Kazakh regional word-stocks also deserve attention. The author gives a list of phonetic parallels [9, р. 24-31]. The research works of the famous scholars J.Bolatov, Sh.Saribaev, A.Nurmagambetov, N.Junisov are devoted to the comparative study and definition of dialectal phenomena, classification of word-stocks and other actual issues. Academician T.Aydarov has studied the peculiarities of the Kazakh dialects pointed in the dialectological atlas and divided them into the following three groups [2, р. 190]: 1. The phenomena of the old Kazakh language including mainly phonetic and grammatical peculiarities (some of them remained from clan dialects).
2. The dialectal phenomena of the elements entered the Kazakh language from the languages of the relative and non-relative people.
3. The dialectal phenomena based on the material of the Kazakh language. Most of them belongs to vocabulary stock and phraseology. For example: атауыз//кемпірауыз-pliers, иінағаш//суағаш-a special means used for carrying water putting it on the shoulders, жар газет//қабырға газет-a newspaper [7].
It's necessary to point out that the dialectal phenomena of the first group are based on the lingua- The study of the vocabulary stock of the Kazakh language of the people living in Kungrad region of Karakalpakstan by the lingua-geographical method is actual, because the Kazakh language is one of the branches in the linguistic atlas. When marking the vocabulary stock of Kazakh spoken in Kungrad region in the atlas it's very important to take into account the phonetic, lexical-semantic and grammatical peculiarities [3].
The author of this book studied the distinguishing features and peculiarities of the Kazakh language of the people living in such regions of Karakalpakstan as Kungrad, Shumanay and Khodjeili and compared it with the vocabulary stock of the Karakalpak language.
As we have mentioned above, professionalisms are a part of the vocabulary stock of the Kazakh language. Professionalisms are the words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home. They commonly designate some working process or implement of labour. Professionalisms are correlated to terms, but terms are coined to nominate new concepts that appear in the process of, and as a result of, technical progress and the development of science. Professional words name already-existing concepts, tools or instruments, and have the typical properties of a special code. The main feature of a professionalism is its technicality. Professionalisms are special words in the non-literary layer of the vocabulary, whereas terms belong to the literary layer of the vocabulary. Professionalisms generally remain in circulation within a definite community, as they are linked to a common occupation and common social interests [5].
In Russian Linguistics M.I.Fomina calls professional words «professional jargonisms». She writes: «The borders between semi-formal professional words and professional jargonisms are unsteady, instable and they are distinguished only conditionally» [4, p. 175-182]. In Karakalpak Linguistics professor E.Berdimuratov says the following about professional words: «In the vocabulary of the Karakalpak language there are words and word combinations connected with certain professions, words naming some objects and actions used by the people of the same profession. For example, words and word combinations connected with fishing: Ийнелик -аўдың жыртылғын жерин жамаў ушын ағаштан исленген тебен; it is a special object made of wood for covering the torn place of a fishing net.
Қара қус -қайықтың басы, a black birdthe head of a boat [4, p. 85-90]. In Kazakh Linguistics the scholar Sh.Saribaev writes the following about professional words: «Taking into account the use of professional words in the literary language and everyday spoken language, we can divide them into two groups: 1. Literary professional vocabulary 2. Dialectal professional vocabulary» [10, p. 76] Literary professional vocabulary consists of words used in different spheres of life, dealing with certain professions. These words are clear and understandable for the people living in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. For example: шабақ, сазан балық, сүўен балық, шортан балық, ылақа балық are the names of fish, they are included into common public word-stock.
Dialectal professional vocabulary deals with professional words used in different areas in different forms and meanings. The literary professional vocabulary is widely used, while the dialectal professional vocabulary is limited in its use, it is used only by the people of certain region or area.
Professor O.Dospanov analyzed the professional words in fishing in Muinak region of Karakalpakstan. He states the following: «There are many professionalisms in the northern dialect of the Karakalpak language and in spoken language of the people living in Muinak region because they have been occupied with fishing for many years. We come across many dialectal professionalisms dealing with the field of fishing and production of fish the vocabulary stock. They are: ақан аў, сүўен аў, тоқы балық (a small fish like a fish torta), тыран (a kind of fish, it is like a fish aktiusha kapaz), шоқыр (in Russian сервюга, a fish with long mouth), қылыш Professionalisms are special words in the nonliterary (colloquial) layer of the vocabulary of a language. Professionalisms are the words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home. They commonly designate some working process or implement of labour. Dialectal words are those which in the process of integration of the Kazakh national language remained beyond its literary boundaries, and their use is generally confined to a definite locality or region. In the work we use the term «dialectal professionalisms» because professional words may differ in different regions. Thus, dialectal professional vocabulary consists of the words and word combinations of a certain profession that is understandable only for the people living in this area, but naturally they are not comprehensible for the people of other regions. There are the following reasons of such phenomena [8]: 1) The distance between regions; 2) The people of different nationalities living there; Dialectal professional words are divided into different thematic groups according to their usage in different spheres of life. For example, they are divided into professionalisms used in the fields of cattlebreeding, farming, handicraft, connected with iron, etc.
Professionalisms are a part of the vocabulary stock of the Kazakh language. Professionalisms are the words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home. They commonly designate some working process or implement of labour. Professionalisms are correlated to terms, but terms are coined to nominate new concepts that appear in the process of, and as a result of, technical progress and the development of science. Professional words name already-existing concepts, tools or instruments, and have the typical properties of a special code. The main feature of a professionalism is its technicality.
Professionalisms are special words in the non-literary layer of the vocabulary, whereas terms belong to the literary layer of the vocabulary. Professionalisms generally remain in circulation within a definite community, as they are linked to a common occupation and common social interests [1].
In Karakalpak Linguistics professor E.Berdimuratov says the following about professional words: «In the vocabulary of the Karakalpak language there are words and word combinations connected with certain professions, words naming some objects and actions used by the people of the same profession. For example, words and word combinations connected with fishing: Ийнелик -аўдың жыртылғын жерин жамаў ушын ағаштан исленген тебен; it is a special object made of wood for covering the torn place of a fishing net.
Professor E.Berdimuratov states that «Professionalism shouldn't be mixed with euphemisms or factual lexical units, because they don't possess euphemistic or dialectic features. The main difference of professionalisms is in their limited use» [4, p. 85]. Another prominent scholar in dialectology professor O.Dospanov in his works proved, that in the vocabulary of professional words there are dialectal professionalisms. He writes, «In the vocabulary stock of the Karakalpak language there are words and word combinations connected with a certain profession used by the people of this profession, denoting objects or actions» [6, p. 48].
Thereby, the vocabulary system of modern Kazakh language is very rich. One of the main layers of the word-stock of Kazakh as any other languages is dialectal professional words that promote to the development and enrichment of the vocabulary.