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William Foxwell Albright: In Memoriam

William Foxwell Albright was born in Coquimbo, Chile, on May 24, 1891, and died in Baltimore, Maryland, on September 19, 1971. During his lifetime of eighty years, he achieved eminence in a number of related fields of scholarship and was the recipient of an unparalleled series of honorary degrees and a variety of other awards from distinguished universities, learned societies, and other institutions around the world. He was a prolific scholar, outstripping predecessors and contemporaries (including all of his students) both in the number of items in his bibliography and the volume of published work. He wrote more than a dozen books and collaborated on a number of others (chiefly excavation reports). In the latter group should be included the scores of doctoral dissertations which he supervised during the thirty years he was W. W. Spence Professor of Semitic Languages at Johns Hopkins University. These invariably owed their origin to his inspiration, reflected his ideas, incorporated many of his contributions and were often built up and elaborated from his unpublished notes. While he never intervened directly in the work of his students (as is rumored in the case of certain professors), his influence was so pervasive and his erudition so overpowering that the resulting products were at least as much the work of Professor Albright as of his students and should be listed as joint efforts. In addition, there are more than one thousand entries in his bibliography including major and minor articles on almost every aspect of the ancient Near East, critical notes, book reviews and notices, and a miscellany of essays on a wide variety of topics reflecting the extraordinary range of his scholarly and personal interests. His first article, on the then recently published Elephantine papyri, was printed in the Upper Iowa Academician in 1911, and from that point on, but especially after his arrival in Palestine in November, 1919, there was a continuous flow of material from his mind and pen until his death. For the past fifty years there was a regular annual increment of twenty or more items by which he monitored the field of ancient Near Eastern studies, reviewing current work, analyzing, classifying, and synthesizing available data, opening new areas of inquiry, exploding bombshells in the form of new ideas, and shattering established configurations of an older scholarly consensus. During the half-century after the first World War he steadily raised the standards of scholarly discussion in the field, and expanded the area of investigation, introducing or refining the applicable methods of the natural sciences, as well as the rigorous reasoning derived from the philosophical structures of the classic thinkers. From the beginning he insisted on the highest possible standards of accuracy in recording data and reasoning from them, his objective being to establish the multiple disciplines of Near Eastern studies on a solid scientific foundation and then to assemble and organize all pertinent material into a large synthetic structure. A problem and its proposed