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Orofacial trauma in child abuse: types, prevalence, management, and the dental profession's involvement.

This article: (1) reviews the available data describing and documenting the types and prevalence of orofacial injuries in physically abused children; (2) reviews surveys indicating the dental profession’s awareness of, experience with, and reporting of child abuse; and (3) recommends treatment for those injuries. Studies demonstrate that: (1) trauma to the head and associated areas occurs in approximately 50% of the cases of physical abuse to children; (2) soft tissue injuries most frequently bruises - are the most common injury sustained to the head and face and are the single most common inju y sustained in child abuse; and (3) injuries to the upper lip and maxilla y labial frenum may be a characteristic lesion in the severely abused young child. Surveys of the dental profession clearly demonstrate that dentists: (1) do see suspicious cases of child abuse; (2) often fail to report their suspicions as is legally required; (3) do not have adequate training or knowledge of child abuse and neglect; and (4) report more cases if made aware of child abuse and neglect and their responsibility to report.