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Antigenic type distribution of parvovirus isolated from domestic cats in Japan

FELINE panleucopenia virus (FPLV) and canine parvovirus (cpv) are pathogenic viruses affecting cats and dogs, respectively. FPLV has been prevalent since the 1940s (Goss 1942), whereas cpv was first isolated in 1978 in the USA (Appel and others 1978). cpv is antigenically and genetically very close to FPLV, showing a genome homology of 98 per cent (Truyen and Parrish 1992), and both cPv and FPLV are grouped along with mink enteritis virus (MEV), raccoon dog parvovirus, raccoon parvovirus (RPV) and blue fox parvovirus in the feline parvovirus subgroup. The origin of cpv is not clear; however, the most plausible hypothesis is that it arose from FPLV in domestic cats or from FPLv-like viruses in wild carnivores (Truyen and others 1995). After its appearance, cpv spread rapidly worldwide (Kelly 1978, Gagnon and Povey 1979, Azetaka and others 1981, Cesar and others 2000), and the strain was designated as cpv type 2 (CPV-2) (Parrish and others 1985). Soon after the appearance of CPV-2, a new antigenic variant termed cpv type 2a (CPV-2a) was isolated (Parrish and others 1985), and in around 1982, another antigenic variant termed cpv type 2b (CPV-2b) was isolated (Parrish and others 1991, Senda and others 1995). Both CPV-2a and CPV-2b differ from CPV-2 in host range as well as antigenic properties. Although CPV-2 did not replicate in cats, CPV-2a and CPV-2b replicated efficiently in domestic cats (Truyen and others 1996a). In recent years, CPV-2a or CPV-2b have been isolated from domestic cats in Japan, Germany, USA, Taiwan and Vietnam (Mochizuki and others 1996, Truyen and others 1996a, b, Ikeda and others 2000). Approximately 5 to 10 per cent of parvoviral infections in domestic cats in Germany and the USA are caused by CPV-2a or CPV-2b (Truyen