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Characterization and comparison of human monocyte- and macrophage-induced tumor cell cytotoxicity.

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that murine Mx are important effector cells in the control of neoplastic proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These important observations were extended to man by previous studies which demonstrated that human Mo are cytotoxic for tumor cells in vitro. In this study, Mo, Mx, and lymphocyte tumor cytotoxicities were further compared and characterized with the use of four allogeneic tumor cell lines and one contact-inhibited fibroblast cell strain. Two assays were simultaneously employed: (1) a cytotoxicity assay which was dependent on tumor cell 3 H-thymidine incorporation and therefore measured both components of cytotoxicity: inhibition of cell growth (cytostasis) and cell killing (Cytocidal activity) and (2) a cytocidal assay which employed tumor cells prelabeled with 3 H-thymidine. These studies demonstrated that (1) human Mo exhibit two components of tumor cell cytotoxicity, cytocidal and cytostatic activities; (2) human Mx exhibit more tumor cell cytotoxicity than do Mo; (3) the enhanced cytotoxic activity of Mx, compared to Mo, is probably due to the development of increased cytocidal activity; (4) in this system, Mo and Mx exhibit much more cytotoxic activity against tumor cells than do lymphocytes; and (5) although Mx were cytocidal for all four tumor cell lines tested, they did not exhibit cytocidal activity against a fibroblast cell strain. These studies suggest that human Mo and Mx may be important effector cells in the control of neoplastic proliferation.