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Calcineurin and Schizophrenia : Signal Transduction and Genes-to-Behaviors Pathways in Psychiatric Diseases

At the time I entered the Psychology Department of the University of Tokyo in 1991, the above description was absolutely right and every psychologist knew this fact. However, a revolutionary technology, gene targeting, changed the situation completely. Using this technique, specific gene of interest can be selectively modified. If one can see any specific behavioral changes in animals having a mutation of a gene, it would mean that we pin down a gene which influences a behavior. Since then, my interest has been to reveal behavioral significance of genes expressed in the brain and to know how they affect behaviors. Our basic method to reveal behavioral significance of a gene is to conduct a systematic and well-defined behavioral test battery with mice which have mutation on the gene of interest. The behavioral test battery covers relatively broad range of various behavioral domains, such as learning and memory, sensory-motor functions, emotions, motivation and drug sensitivity/preference (Miyakawa et al., 1997; Yamada et al., 2001).