{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024154589371980676, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00322061191626409, 'mean_word_length': 5.835164835164835, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Managing From Below

This article makes a case for workers' self-management through bottom-up strategies and decisions. The Mondragon system of 89 industrial cooperatives, operating in the Basque region of northern Spain, is viewed as a worker-designed organizational network that ensures equality as well as efficiency. The criteria for assessing the Mondragon experience include job retention and expansion, healthy labor relations, individual and collective motivation, organizational performance, and wealth creation. The implications of a worker-managed economy for American scholars and practitioners are discussed.