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Convergence in automotive and wireless technologies: Updates on perspectives for vehicular antennas

This work aims to provide an overview and updates, compared to the existing or previous literature in the same field, on vehicular antennas and related services. Current trends and future possible implications stemming from the evolving demand of antennas and connectivity in automobiles, light and heavy trucks, and other vehicles, are investigated and synthesized. Antennas for professional, public, or military services (such as TETRA, PMR, or other specific applications), as well as above a frequency of 6GHz, are not covered in the present paper. A new graphical representation of the critical factor represented by the life span gap between consumer and automotive products, which is also applicable for connectivity and antennas, is provided. Furthermore, the study is completed with a new roadmap on automotive antennas and the related context of connectivity.