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Biomarkers associated with prevalent hypertension and higher blood pressure in a population-based cohort: a proteomic approach


 
 
 Globally, hypertension represents an enormous health issue as it is a major, yet modifiable risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Recently, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was shown to be positively associated with the incidence of hypertension among prehypertensive subjects, and variants of CHI3L1 gene were associated with both CHI3L1-levels and hypertension.
 
 
 
 To explore associations between prevalent hypertension and blood pressure, and 92 proteins with involvement in inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
 
 
 
 Plasma samples from 1713 individuals from a Swedish population-based cohort (mean age 67.3±6.0 years; 28.9% women) were analysed with a proximity extension assay panel, consisting of 92 proteins. Prior to all analyses, subjects with prevalent cardiovascular disease, defined as having a history of prevalent coronary or stroke event, were excluded (n=189). Univariate logistic regression models were carried out exploring associations between each of the 92 proteins and prevalent hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive treatment (n=1168, 76.4%). Bonferroni-corrected significant associations between proteins and hypertension were further analysed using stepwise selection of covariates, namely age, body mass index, diabetes status, and cystatin C, in logistic regression models. Proteins with significant adjusted associations with prevalent hypertension were further analysed for associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure individually in stepwise linear regression models. Complete data on all variables were available in 1527 subjects.
 
 
 
 Sixteen proteins were significantly associated with prevalent hypertension in univariate analyses. After adjustment, three proteins remained significantly associated with prevalent hypertension (i.e., CHI3L1, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL receptor) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); Table 1). In analyses of associations with systolic blood pressure, CHI3L1 and LDL receptor showed significant associations. In analyses of associations with diastolic blood pressure, CHI3L1, LDL receptor and tPA showed significant associations (Table 1).
 
 
 
 Higher CHI3L1, tPA and LDL receptor levels were positively associated with prevalent hypertension after multivariable adjustment, among 1527 elderly subjects without established cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, higher CHI3L and LDL receptor levels were positively associated with mean systolic, as well as mean diastolic blood pressure in multivariable analyses.
 
 
 
 Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Swedish Medical Research Council and The Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation
