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Measuring global curvature and cosmic acceleration with supernovae

Over the past five years two teams have used type Ia supernovae to trace the expansion of the universe to a look-back time more than 70% of the age of the universe. These observations show an accelerating universe which is best explained by a cosmological constant, or other form of dark energy with an equation of state near w = p/ρ = −1. There are many possible lurking systematic effects. However, while difficult to completely eliminate, none of these appears large enough to challenge current results. However, as future experiments attempt to better characterize the equation of state of the matter leading to the observed acceleration, these systematic effects will ultimately limit progress.