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P fimbriae of Escherichia coli: Molecular cloning of DNA fragments containing the structural genes

The adhes ion proper t ies of pa thogenic Escherichia coli strains are often mediated by filamentous proteinaceous surface organelles called fimbriae [1]. Fimbriae specifically recognize structures on mammalian cell surfaces and are believed to anchor bacteria to their cognate hosts [2-5]. The ability to adhere to the site of infection is considered to be a prerequisite for enterotoxigenic dairrhoea in piglets, calves, lambs and humans and in human urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. Pyelonephritogenic human isolates of E. coli possess a special class of fimbriae termed the P fimbriae [3,6,7]. P fimbriae mediate adhesion of E. coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells by binding to the a-D-Gal-(1-4)-fl-D-Gal part of the P b lood group antigens [3-9]. Adhesion to uroepithelial cells is a major virulence factor in human childhood pyelonephritis [10]. The serological analysis of P fimbriae has been hampered by the multiplicity of fimbrial antigens in pyelonephritogenic E. coli strains [3]. The model strain used by us, E. coli KS71, displays two