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Method for quantitative validation of image-based correction for intraoperative brain shift

Stereotactic neuronavigational systems use pre-operatively acquired 3D images for procedural planning and also are employed in intraoperative navigations to help localize and resect brain lesions. Intraoperatively, multiple factors contribute to anatomic changes that limit the accuracy of navigation based solely on pre-operative images. Loss of CSF, cortical swelling, and the effect of gravity relative to the craniotomy locations are some of the factors that contribute to errors in navigation.