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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATURAL MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA, 2018

The aim of this study is to analyse the demographic components, with focus on the changes that occur in the number of the population, the density by which is the country populated, the natural flow (movement) of the population, emphasis on the natural growth of the population. As elsewhere in the world, the population in the Republicof North Macedonia as well plays a main role and it is the main factor for the growth and development of the country. However, the population is subject to change and growth depending on various factors such as natural, economical and social factor. The demographic development is expressed through the indicators of the components of the natural movement: natality, fertility, mortality, etc. The number of the population is one of the key factors that is influencing the socio-economic development. As the population is both productive on one side and consumer of material goods on the other, production and consumption depends on the number of the population. Compared to the historical development of human society, in the Republic of North Macedonia, the role of the population in the production process has changed. These changes are most noticeable in the last decades, when the technical-scientific progress has taken a big step, thus significantly affecting the population-production ratios. At the end of the second millennium and the beggining of the third one in North Macedonia's geographic area, significant changes have taken place in the socio-economic plan and especially in the demographic one of its population. Special emphasis is given to the natural movement of the population, which affects the movement of the total population in the Republic of North Macedonia. In this paper we will treat the natural increase of the population in the Republic of North Macedonia for the period from 1994 to the present day, namely its ratio by nationality. Of particular importance in this paper are the spatial and national differences of the natural population movement in the Republic of North Macedonia, and mainly to present more clearly these differences, we have analyzed the latest 2018 data by the Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia for the natural increase of the population of the municipalities, which we have presented in tabular, graphic and cartographic form. Given the differences in natural increase within the country, the expected results are foreseen in the discovery of relevant information about their changes, their trends, and the interaction between the basic indicators obtained by applying relevant statistical parameters and those that portray the development of Republic of North Macedonia over a given period of time. This paper attaches particular importance to the aforementioned demographic features during the period 2003 to 2018 at the state level. Keyword: population, birth, death, natural increase, ethnicity


INTRODUCTION
The study of demographic issues is very important for social understanding and development of every country and people. In every country demographics, as a science on complex development of the people, holds a decent place among social sciences. Also, the need for interdiciplinary approach raises for the study of people. These two demographic dimensions mentioned above are contrantly dependent on each other, from which flow populative trends of an area of a whole country.When it comes to numerical dinamics of people in a municipality, rural or urban area, it may be observed only through natural/ biological movement of population, and also through mecanic/ migrational movement of population. Lately, especialy in the last two decades, between 2003-2018, which are analized on this work, it is noticed that the natural movement of the population decreases, but with physical diferences in terms of birth rate and death rate. All this as a consequence of the heterogeneous national economic composition of the population. For this reason, this work is dealing with the natural movement of the population of North Macedonia, exactly in the period between 2003-2018. This work will focus on birth rate, death rate and natural increase. Mainly, death rate is analized in terms of age and gender, ethnicity and causes of death.

THE NATURAL MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION
The first official registrations of the population in North Macedonia are done since 1921. Since that time, there has been a huge increase of the number of population. Regarding the period which is being treated (between 2003-2018), one may notice a difference in the overall number of the population. In the last two decades, the period between 2003-2018 has marked an increase of the number of residents (37967 residents). From 2 036 386 residents in 2003, the number incresed to 2 074 353 residenst in 2018. The natural movement of the population is taken from official statistical data for newdbn births and deaths, continualy with regard to the former component.

BIRTH RATE
The birth show that birth rate of the population of North Macedonia has marked decrease. Between 2003Between -2006 % or 28 860 births has been recorded, and between 2015-2018 10,7% or 22 291.  Later on, the birth rate data continually marks decrease.

DEATH RATE Overall Death Rate
Apart from birth, imigration, and emigration, a huge impact on the difference of the overall number of population have death rate, aging, different diseases, accidents, natural disasters, wars and so on. From the data shown in the table, in the period between 2003-2018, one may notice the lowest value of death rate 8,9% is recorded in the period between 2003-2006. After that the values record increase, with 9,4% in the period between 2007-2010, which peaks 9,8% in the period between 2015-2018.

The Death Rate According to Age and Gender
It is fair to treat the data of death rate according to age and gender, because death is process which does not choose age or gender. These structures are reflected in the table below. From the table above we can see that all age levels have impact on the overall number of deaths. These data show that in the period between 2003-2018 the is increase of 7941 deaths in general. While according to gender, there is increase of the number of deaths of both genders. Males marks increase with 2904 while females with 5037 deaths. The structure of deaths according to age records decrease in general from 2003 to 2018, with the only exeption of age above 75 years, which records increase.  From thetable above, we can notice that the highest number of deaths of males is recorded in their younger years in contrast to females. This number increases for females above 75 years. This means that males die more and at a younger stage, while females die less and they die at an older stage.

The Death Rate According to Ethnicity
In the table below, we will analyze the death rate according to ethnicity. In the period between 2011-2018, the overall number of deaths has increased for 1772 deaths. From 78525 deaths in the period 2011-2014 to 80297 deaths in the period 2015-2018. According to ethnicity it is recorded as follows: there is increase of deaths of Macedonians for 0,2% from 58167 in the period 2011-2014 to 59714 deaths in the period 2015-2018. Albanians record increase of 0,6% from 12950 deaths to 13704 deaths. Serns record increase for 0,01 % from 1658 deaths to 1707 deaths. Bosnians record increase for 0,1 % from 516 to 563 deaths and others for 0,3 % from 1034 to 1342 deaths. There is recorded decrease of deaths of Turks for 0,2 % from 1924 to 1822 deths, Romas for 0,2 % from 2030 to 1863 deaths and Vllahs for 0,1 % from 246 to 212 deaths. From the analizys of the number of deaths according to ethnicity, we can notice that in this period there are variations and decreace of the number of deaths also according to gender. Lesser number of female deaths are recorded from Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, Romas, Vllahs. While more female deaths are from Serbs, Bosnians and other ethnic communities. Regarding the cause of death, there is not any magnificent difference in terms of ethnicity or area.

NATURAL GROWTH OF POPULATION
Natural population growth shows the numerical population changes that are caused by biological processes. The process of natural population growth has undergone major changes in time and space.

KNOWLEDGE -International Journal
Vol.34.6 September, 2019 The natural growth, which represents the ratio between births and deaths, generally according to official data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Northern Macedonia declined during the period of 2003-2018 by 14 216 or 7.0 ‰ or on average per year decreased 3554 inhabitants or 2.2 ‰.

CONCLUSION
In this paper is discussed about the population as a social category here in the Republic of North Macedonia, where special treatment is dedicated to the natural movement of the population in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, mainly were analyzed moreover, deaths and more specifically deaths by age and gender, deaths by ethnicity, as well as the causes of deaths for the period from 2003 to 2018. All of these facts can best be seen from the charts in the paper. Birth rates in general according to official data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Northern Macedonia declined during the period of 2003-2018 by 6276 births or 3.9 ‰ or an average per year by 1569 or 1.0 ‰. Mortality in general, according to official data, increased during the period of 2003-2018 to 7941 deaths or 3.3% or on average per year for 1985 or 0.9%. In terms of sex and age mortality, we noticed that in all younger age groups, we have higher rates of deaths in males, whereas at the age of 75 these indicators show an increase in female gender. That is to say, if we analyze the ratio of deaths on the basis of the gender, we will find that the male sex dies even at a younger age, while the female gender less, even at a younger age. Regarding the mortality based on the ethnicity, we have variations of indicators across ethnicities, while mortality by causes shows that 59% of deaths are from heart and cerebral diseases.