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Aqua MODIS L1B radiometric accuracy update for TIR bands: Tahoe 2006 field data from the NASA ER-2

During the Tahoe 2006 field effort, the NASA ER-2 aircraft flew 2 nighttime science missions (September 29 and October 13, 2006) over California and the nearby Pacific Ocean. Because of its high cruising altitude (above ~95% of the atmosphere), the ER-2 platform closely simulates satellite-based observations of the earth-atmosphere system. Each Tahoe 2006 mission included overpasses of the Lake Tahoe Validation Network and an underflight of the Aqua satellite. An 8+ minute ER-2 flight segment of clear sky data over the Pacific Ocean on the October 13 flight has been used to assess the MODIS thermal band (bands 20-36) radiometric performance. For the assessment MODIS radiances are simulated using the MAS high spatial resolution and SHIS high spectral resolution radiances (the calibration backbone of the MODIS assessment), and compared to the co-located MODIS observations. The assessment (286 matchups) shows that Aqua MODIS thermal bands continue to perform within or very nearly within their 1% radiometric specification (0.5% for window bands 31, 32; 0.75% for window band 20) with the exception of band 30 (ozone) and band 36 (CO2). There is low confidence in the ozone band 30 assessment due to lack of information on the ozone profile above the ER-2 flight level; band 36 however, appears to be consistently about 0.7 K warmer than expected. These results are consistent with a previous Aqua MODIS comparison to SHIS and MAS in 2002 and with previously reported1 comparisons of Aqua AIRS and MODIS observations.