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Simultaneous classification of underground targets and determination of burial depth and soil moisture content

Target signatures extracted by ultra-wideband ground penetrating radar (GPR) will substantially depend on the target's burial depth, and on the soil’s moisture content. Using a Method-of-Moments (MoM) code, we earlier simulated such returned echoes from two targets for several moisture contents and burial depths in a soil with known electric properties. We also showed that they could then be all translated to equivalent echoes from the target at some selected standardized depth and soil moisture with adequate accuracy. The signature template of each target is here computed using a time-frequency distribution of the returned echo when the target is buried at a selected depth in the soil with selected moisture content. For any returned echo the relative difference can be computed between the target signature and a selected template signature. Using our target translation method (TTM) that signature difference can then be used as a cost function to be minimized. This is done by adjusting the depth and moisture content, now taken to be unknown parameters, using the differential evolution method (DEM). The template that gives the smallest value of the minimized cost function for a chosen returned echo is here taken to signify the classification. As it turns out, any choice of returned waveform results in correct classification of the two targets used here. Moreover, when the proper template is used, the values of the depth and moisture parameters that give the minimum cost function are good predictions of the actual target depth and soil moisture content.