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The Politics of Altruism: an Introduction To the Food-for-Peace Partnership Between the United States Government and Voluntary Relief Agencies

HE FOOD-FOR-PEACE partnership' between the United States Government and American voluntary relief agencies is an aspect of American political life that is characterized by a strikingly low public visibility. The low visibility is easy to account for: not one study of the partnership has been published or even undertaken.2 The reason no study has been undertaken is not so easy to account for. The partnership has had political significance. Since its inception in 1949, it has been the vehicle whereby nearly four billion dollars' worth of United States Government resources have been allocated. Such a figure should have suggested that a great deal of political activity would be involved, but no one picked up the suggestion. Perhaps this was because the partnership involved humanitarian agencies like CARE, Catholic Relief Services-NCWC, and Church World Service. Altruism and politics just do not seem to go together. This paper has a single simple aim: to present in as little detail as possible a selective and interpretive yet comprehensive history of the Food-for-Peace partnership. This will make a start toward filling the information gap mentioned above. The focus throughout will be on the partnership's social and political structure, its material scope, and on its dominant trends and issues and their effect upon the interests and values of the participants. For convenience, the partnership may be thought of as one between two ideal types usually not found together. One partner is a political type in the sense that it represents political interests and values. The political partner is the United States Government, or more precisely a loose organization comprising the White House, the Department of State's economic assistance agency, and the Department of Agriculture, as well as the Senate and House committees on Foreign Relations and Agriculture. The political interests and values these groups represent are those of foreign policy and those of the agricultural sector of the American economy. Operationally defined, the foreign policy interests relate to the economic, social, and ultimately political stabilization and recovery or development of foreign areas