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Neurotrophin‐4 delivered by fibrin glue promotes peripheral nerve regeneration

Neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4) is a recently identified neurotrophic factor with potential trophic effects on subpopulations of neurons. Little is known about its role in peripheral nerve regeneration following nerve injury. To investigate this, 48 Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent left sciatic nerve transection and immediate repair. Fibrin glue mixed with either NT‐4 or vehicle (control) was injected around the nerve repair site. Nerve regeneration was assessed both functionally and histomorphometrically. The results showed that the NT‐4–treated group had a significant increase compared with the control in the regeneration distance at 5 days. The sciatic function index was significantly greater in the NT‐4 group from 40 to 60 days after nerve repair. Morphometric analysis revealed that nerves treated with NT‐4 had significant improvement in the number of regenerated axons, axonal diameter, and myelin thickness. These results suggest that NT‐4 is a potent factor improving rat sciatic nerve regeneration. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 345–351, 2001