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The Neuropathological Features of Fatal Pediatric Brain Trauma

Aims This study aims to describe the neuropathological features of fatal pediatric brain trauma within a cohort with different survival durations and mode of primary injury mechanisms, and to review the exiting literature. Methods A cohort of 49 cases of fatal pediatric brain trauma were identified from the archive of the Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh. The pathological features were documented in a standardized proforma, and comparisons were made of the pathological features between cases of different survival durations and mode of injury. Results Brain swelling was the most common feature identified and was found in 94% of cases. Sixty-six percent of cases had evidence of ischemic brain damage. Survival beyond 24 hours did not increase the prevalence of ischemic brain damage. Traumatic axonal injury was identified in 24% of the cohort. Conclusion Brain swelling, ischemic brain damage, and traumatic axonal injury remain prominent features of fatal childhood brain trauma.