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Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of the Quinary System Containing Lithium, Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, and Borate Ions at T = 288.15 K and p = 101.325 kPa

The solid–liquid phase diagram of salt–water systems containing lithium, calcium, and borate is of significance to understand the thermodynamic properties of the electrolytes and promote the productions of lithium and calcium borates. Solubilities and physicochemical properties including density and refractive index of the quinary system (Li+, Na+, Ca2+//Cl–, borate–H2O) at 288.15 K and 0.1 MPa were investigated by the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method for the first time in this work. The dry-salt, the water-phase, and the sodium-phase diagrams were plotted. In the dry-salt diagram, there are four invariant points, nine isothermal univariant curves, and six crystallization regions (all saturated with NaCl), and no solid solution was found in the system. With a view of the crystallization region, the areas of crystallization regions of minerals are in the order of Na2B4O7·10H2O > CaB6O10·5H2O > Li2B4O7·3H2O > LiCl·CaCl2·5H2O > CaCl2·6H2O > LiCl·2H2O, namely, the solubility of borax is the lowest an...