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Lectin histochemistry and ultrastructure of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss kidneys affected by proliferative kidney disease.

Eleven biotinylated lectins and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase system (ABC) were used to detect and localize specific carbohydrate residues of the primary (PKX-PCs) and daughter cells (PKKDCs) of the PKX myxosporean, lymphocytes, macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss affected by proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Electron microscopy revealed the presence of the typical P m P C s and PKX-DCs in the renal interstitium, between tubular epithelial cells, and of some intraluminal forms, and showed that the principal inflammatory cells surrounding PKX were lymphocytes and macrophages. The latter were most often elongated and closely adherent to the PKX cell surface. Except Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I, which was always negative, all the lectins exhibited a specific binding pattern on the cells examined. Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A), Lycopersicon esculentum (LEA), Lens culinaris (LCA), Phytolacca americana (PWM), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) agglutinins stained PKX cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and tubular epithelial cells. However, PKX-DCs and intralurninal forms were less intensely stained than PKX-PCs with Con-A, LEA, PWM, and RCA-I, and receptors for LCA and WGA were not detected In the renal interstitium, Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA) bound strongly to the cytoplasm of macrophages but much less intensely to PKX-PCs and some lymphocytes. Griffonia simplinfolia agglutinin-I (GS-I) stained intensely the cytoplasm of PKX-PCs and the lumina1 surface of tubular epithelial cells whereas a weak reaction was present in the cytoplasm of PKX-DCs and intraluminal forms Dohchos biflorus and Glycine max agglutinins stained PKX-PCs weakly and inconsistently. These observations reveal some differences in glycoconjugate contents between PKXPCs and PKX-DCs and provide preliminary data on their carbohydrate components. The lectin PNA could be an important tool to evaluate the macrophage reaction during PKD and other infections of fishes. Finally, the electlve stainlng of GS-I for PKX cells may be used in quantitative determinations by light microscopy of the degree of PKX ~nfection, and for detection of the myxosporean when in low numbers. In addition, staining of PKX with lectins may allow recognition of forms of the parasites presently not well known, such as the early infective stages.