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The Functional Role of B7 Molecules on the Induction of Thymocyte Activation and Apoptosis

To evaluate the role of B7 on thymocyte activation and apoptosis, we took advantage of TCR transgenic mice in which the majority of thymocytes express a uniform TCR that is specific for ovalbumin. We also prepared Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing B7 and appropriate class II molecules. We found that the apoptosis of double‐positive thymocytes by TCR‐mediated signaling, which presumably represents negative selection, requires a costimulatory signal provided by B7‐1 or B7‐2. The requirement of B7‐1 costimulation for the apoptosis of thymocytes does not change in either low or high antigenic peptide loading. We also demonstrated that two signals through TCR and CD28 augmented the proliferation of thymocytes, and the requirement of CD28‐mediated signal by B7‐1 or B7‐2 for thymocyte proliferation became less evident when high doses of antigenic peptide were loaded, indicating that the intensity of TCR‐mediated signal determines the requirement of B7‐mediated second signal for thymocyte proliferation.