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C60 fullerene and its molecular complexes under axial and shear deformation

We have studied the pristine C 60 and its molecular complexes with the organic donors bis(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF or ET) and tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) by means of ESR and Raman spectroscopy at high pressure. The important changes in the ESR signal of C 60 were observed under axial pressure combined with shear deformation. It is shown that the treatment at a anisotropic pressure of 4 GPa results in a reduction in the symmetry of the C 60 molecule and the formation of radicals. Treatment of the molecular complex of (ET) 2 .C 60 at a pressure of ∼4.5 GPa and a temperature of 150°C leads to the formation of C 60 dimers. The Raman spectra of the molecular complex C 60 .TMTSF.2(CS 2 ) were measured in situ at ambient temperature and pressures up to 9.5 GPa. The pressure behaviour of the Raman peaks reveals singularity at 5.0 ± 0.5 GPa related to the softening and splitting of some of the phonon modes. The residual softening of the A g (2) mode is the same as in the case of KC 60 , which may be an indication that the transition has a charge-transfer character, resulting in the formation of the C -1 60 anionic state charge-transfer complex.