{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021251475796930343, 'fraction_numerical': 0.008264462809917356, 'mean_word_length': 4.93006993006993, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
THE EFFECT OF PUSHING TECHNIQUES ON DURATION OF THE SECOND LABOR STAGE, MOTHER AND FETUS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

This study evaluated the effects of pushing techniques on the second stage of labor duration and maternal and fetal outcomes. The pregnant women were divided randomly into Valsalva pushing (n =20) or spontaneous pushing ( n =20) groups. The experimental group received spontaneous pushing training in the latent phase. Interventions during labor as well as maternal and fetal complications and the duration of the second stage of labor were recorded. There was a significant difference in fetal Apgar scores and the duration of second labor stage between the two groups (p 0.05). Spontaneous pushing is effective in shorter second stages of labor and higher Apgar scores. It  should be included in maternal hospital protocols.