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Comparative Study of the Catalytic Performances of Na2CO3 and γ-FeOOH in Hydroliquefaction To Propose a Two-Stage Lignite Catalytic Liquefaction Process

High oxygen content in lignite increases hydrogen consumption during hydroliquefaction, and simultaneously the produced water decreases hydrogen partial pressure, which negatively affects lignite liquefaction behaviors. Therefore, the liquefaction performances, and oxygen removal behaviors of Xilinhaote (XL) lignite during liquefaction at different temperatures in the presence of Na2CO3 (NC) and FeOOH (FO) were investigated. Results showed that the oxygen contents of liquefaction residues (LRs) obtained at 330-380 °C were 9.37-13.84% without catalyst, and decreased to 7.90-13.02% and 6.38-11.73% with the addition of FO and NC, respectively. The addition of NC could promote the polarized breakdown of aromatic Caryl-Calkyl ether bonds via ionic pathways in the presence of water, which facilitated the depolymerization of lignite macromolecular structures, resulting in significant increase in coal conversions at 330-380 °C. In order to enhance liquefaction performance, an optimized two-stage catalytic liquefa...