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Mechanisms of the resilience of bicultural exchange and prevention of demoralization under prolonged and persistent acculturative stress

This article describes how the exchange of ideas and values between members of two different and conflicting cultures may persist despite systematic opposition under certain circumstances. Examples are drawn from the historical experience of Hindus and Christians in Goa, a former Portuguese state on the western coast of India, spanning over four centuries (from 1510 till 1961). Three types of mechanisms are described in terms of three aspects of the sociocultural system: structure (e.g., biological dispositions, availability of an exit, and preservation of the social framework), process (e.g., sharing of business interests and symbolic systems), and outcome (e.g., management of stigma and creation of a bicultural ambient world). The result was the creation of a hybrid vibrant culture, the Indo-Portuguese culture of Goa, and the minimization or prevention of demoralization.