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Effects of various lithospheric yield stresses and different mantle‐heating modes on the breakup of the Pangea supercontinent

Numerical simulations of three‐dimensional spherical mantle convection were performed to investigate the effects of various lithospheric yield stresses and two different mantle‐heating modes (i.e., mixed heating from the bottom and interior and purely internal heating) on the breakup of the Pangea supercontinent and the subsequent continental drift for the past 200 Myr. Results show that the continental breakup and subsequent continental drift are accomplished in mantle convection models with two different heating modes. This implies that active upwelling plumes from the core‐mantle boundary are not necessarily required for the breakup of Pangea. In addition, I found that the continental breakup is only realized when choosing a moderate value of the yield stress (~120 MPa). The bound on the yield stress derived in the present study will potentially enable the self‐consistent reconstruction of continental breakup and drift as well as the accompanying pattern on mantle convection since 200 Ma.