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Study of the Averaged Photopalpebral Reflex in Man

INTRODUCTION The reflexive contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle, among other reflexes evoked by the distance receptor, is conspicuously expeditious and highly susceptible to varieties of stimuli. The orbicular oculi reflex, for example, is seen as a cochleopalpebral reflex or auropalpebral reflex in which the oculorbicular muscle contracts catoptrically in response to sudden sound stimulation, and as a visual orbicularis reflex or retino-orbicular reflex where contractile movement of the ocular orbicular muscle occurs the minute an object or objects or a flash comes within eyeshot. The threshold of the reflexive contraction of the ocular orbicular muscle is extremely low and the reflex thereof strikingly rapid. It has been described that the response essentially represents a cortical reflex, hence higher and quite different from the muscle extension reflex. Despite paramount clinicodiagnostic significance of the orbicular oculi reflex which we have full knowledge of, studies published concerning basic neurophysiologic aspects of the reflex as yet appear to be few. In the previous study we have already published in with an attempt to clarify the physiological or pathophysiological aspect of the response of the ocular orbicular muscle to visual stimulation, we measured the response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to a single photic stimulation,