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Survival and Freedom from Progression in Autotransplant Lymphoma Patients is Independent of Stem Cell Source: Further Follow-up from the Original Randomised Study to Assess Engraftment

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) have become the stem cell source of choice in autologous transplantation. In a prospective randomised trial, we previously demonstrated that autologous transplantation using filgrastim-mobilised PBPCs resulted in faster haematopoietic recovery with shorter hospitalisation and reduced platelet transfusions compared to bone marrow transplant (BMT). This study is a follow-up analysis evaluating the long-term clinical outcome. Seventy-two patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease or high-grade lymphoma were randomised to receive either filgrastim-mobilised PBPCs (n =37) or bone marrow (n =35) after BEAM chemotherapy. Fourteen patients withdrew from the study before commencing high-dose chemotherapy. Fourteen of the 58 patients who received treatment with chemotherapy and transplant have died, 6 (19%) in the ABMT arm and 8 (30%) in the PBPC transplant (PBPCT) arm. Twenty-five patients (81%) in the ABMT arm and 17 (63%) in the PBPCT arm, who received treatment, were in complete remission at the date of last follow-up. Progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were similar for both arms (OS 81% at 46 months for ABMT versus 63% for PBPC; p =0.38 ). Further prospective studies with larger number of patients need to be done to assess which source of stem cells may translate into a long-term clinical benefit for the patient.