{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015402843601895734, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.035714285714286, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Mathematical analysis of power converters used in VRM modules

The Voltage regulator module (VRM) is the backbone of every motherboard. When designing such a module many integrated circuits are available integrating the control system and possibly the whole power circuit, along with its magnetics. When such a converter needs to be analyzed the famous small-ripple approximation of the output voltage (usually assumed to be pure resistive) is used. This paper analyses the converter without using either the small ripple voltage and also using the real equivalent circuit of the powered processor. Based on the analysis results for the ripple currents and voltages are obtained. Based on the results more accurate equations are obtained for the maximum stress of all components, as well as RMS values for the current used in loss calculations.