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A Traceable and Anonymous Data Aggregation Scheme with Fog Computing Devices for Smart Grid

As an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart city is a new aim for applications used in different industrial aspects. Intelligent IoT devices are used everywhere in smart cities to implement the functions such as monitoring and managing. Smart grid is one of the critical parts. Obtaining the quantity and cost of electricity usage is the most critical task of the smart grid. But such data in plaintext may leak the user privacy. So, it is an emergent aim to protect the private information of the user. Thus, we present a secure scheme for the smart grid, which not only protects the user’s information including identity and power consumption in the communications but also tracks the correct electricity cost for each user. Also, electricity consumption data from users could be aggregated in fog devices and then analyzed by the utility provider. The formal proof shows that the message transmission reaches the security level of the chosen plaintext attack (CPA). Also, the security properties of the scheme express the robustness. Finally, the performance study demonstrates that the proposed protocol is acceptable in practice.