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Transverse thermomagnetic effects in the mixed state and lower critical field of high-Tc superconductors.

Transverse thermomagnetic effects (Ettingshausen, Nernst effects) are discussed for a variety of phenomenological models of high-[ital T][sub [ital c]] and other layered superconductors. The use of the temperature-dependent vortex-line energy in determining the transport entropy is stressed, leading to predictions and possibilities for additional experiments. The dynamics of both Abrikosov and Josephson vortices is considered.