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[ADCY5-associated dyskinesia in young children: a case report of a family and an updated review].

INTRODUCTION
Dyskinesia of the ADCY5 mutation is a rare movement-onset disorder in childhood. It is characterized by isolated chorea movements or associated with myoclonus and dystonia affecting the limbs, neck and face. The low number of patients and families still does not allow an adequate genotype-phenotype relationship.


AIMS
The case of a child with movement disorders of early onset is presented in a family with three generations of affected members. An updated review of the casuistry and management of this rare disease is made.


CASE REPORT
A 6-year-old boy referred for language delay and hyperactivity. After six months of follow-up he begins to show chorea movements of predominantly facial and limb roots, especially when waking up. At one year of follow-up, generalized chorea at rest with orofacial involvement and awkward gait begins to show. His family history includes his mother, grandfather, maternal uncle and cousin, who were diagnosed with Meige's syndrome (oromandibular dystonia and periorbital muscles) with choreiform-like movement disorders without affiliation since childhood. The brain study by MRI showed no alterations. A clinical exome targeting movement disorders was performed that discovered the pathogenic mutation in the ADCY5 gene causing autosomal familial dyskinesia.


CONCLUSION
The c.1126G>A p.A376T mutation shows a natural history with a non-progressive clinical phenotype in three generations of affected members, with childhood debut and response to guanfacine treatment.