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The use of intrarenal Doppler ultrasonography as predictor for positive outcome after renal artery revascularization

Whether patients with renal artery stenosis should undergo therapeutic revascularization is controversial. In this retrospective study, we evaluated prognostic intrarenal Doppler ultrasound parameters that might have a predictive value for a beneficial response after renal revascularization. From January 2003 until December 2012, all renovascular interventions for renal artery stenosis were analyzed. The resistive index and the maximal systolic acceleration were determined by Doppler ultrasonography prior to intervention. Thirty-two patients who underwent a renal revascularization procedure were included: 13 combined positive responders and 19 combined non-responders. The combined positive responders had a significant lower resistive index than the combined non-responders (0.5 vs. 0.6, P = 0.001) and a significant lower maximal systolic acceleration (1.0 vs. 3.8, P = 0.001) before revascularization. A prediction model (RI ≤ 0.5 and ACCmax ≤ 1.3 m/s2) was formulated to identify a subgroup that benefits from renal revascularization. This model has an expected sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 89% for improvement in renal function and/or blood pressure after revascularization. The non-invasive intrarenal Doppler ultrasound parameters resistive index and maximal systolic acceleration can be used as tools to predict improvement in renal function and/or blood pressure after revascularization of renal artery stenosis. The clinical value of this prediction model should be evaluated in a prospective trial.