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Energy Efficiency of Distributed Antenna Systems Using Fractional Frequency Reuse

This letter investigates the trade-off between the downlink ergodic spectral efficiency (ESE) and the energy efficiency (EE) of distributed antenna systems (DAS) by using a new mathematical approach. Maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and fractional frequency reuse (FFR) are applied and composite Nakagami- m fading and log-normal shadowing are considered. The performance evaluation of DAS in FFR mode using MRT is greatly simplified using the proposed analytical approach.