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Cosmic ray transport in starburst galaxies and possible observables

The nuclei of starburst galaxies are unique sources of high-energy radiation where ideal conditions 
for cosmic ray acceleration and confinement might be achieved. We investigate the conditions 
for effective cosmic ray confinement by modelling the transport accounting for diffusion 
and advection, and we study the implications of such confinement in terms of multifrequency 
emission and production of high-energy neutrinos. Both primary and secondary electrons, as 
well as electron-positron pairs produced by gamma ray absorption inside these regions are taken 
into account. Electrons and positrons produced as secondary products of hadronic interactions 
are found to be responsible for most of the emission of leptonic origin. In particular, secondary 
electrons produce an extended synchrotron emission of hard X-rays that represent a remarkable 
signature of hadronic processes, potentially accessible to current and future observations in the 
X-ray band. We also apply for the first time our detailed model to study the starburst contribution 
to the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes observed by Fermi-LAT and IceCube. In order to 
assess such contribution we adopt a redshift number density of starburst-like objects based on the 
infrared luminosity function inferred by Herschel observations and we take into account the effect 
of the electromagnetic cascade in the intergalactic medium.