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Pulsed holmium laser tissue ablation threshold studies

Threshold radiant exposures for pulsed holmium laser ablation of tissue were measured using a high speed framing camera. The effects of laser irradiance and beam size on threshold radiant exposure were investigated. Threshold radiant exposure decreased with increasing laser irradiance over the range 105-107 W/cm2. An increase in laser beam diameter reduced the laser irradiance required to achieve ablation over the range of spot sizes examined (243-970 μm). These results suggest that both the rate of energy deposition and laser beam geometry affect the events preceding the onset of ablation and should be considered when modeling or quantifying laser ablation of tissue.