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A Socioeconomic Determination of the Impact of Volcanoes National Park on the Livelihoods of the Local Neighbouring Communities in Northern Rwanda.

Literature on human-wildlife nexus illustrates that human-wildlife conflict is a growing global problem, which is not restricted to particular geographical regions or climatic conditions, but is common to all areas where wildlife and human population coexist and share limited resources. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Volcanoes National Park on local communities' livelihoods. The household data was obtained by interviewing 100 heads of households selected by employing stratified random sampling method from four adjacent cells of Nyonirima, Nyabigoma, Kaguhu and Bisoke located around VNP in Kinigi Sector, Musanze District, and Northern Rwanda. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze data to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics especially by using the Friedman Test. This study reveals that local communities proximal to VNP were constrained by poor roads infrastructure, long travel distances to basic social services such as nursery, primary, secondary schools and health centers, lack of clean water and wildlife damage from the wild animals straying out the park. Over the years VNP has put in place more adequate conflict mitigation measures to minimize crop raiding incidents, elaborating a new policy related to the compensation of losses, and linking community benefits to conservation processes. Also there exists strong collaboration between park managers and local communities arising from a growing understanding that park biological resources would not be sustainably conserved without the full participation of the local communities in the management of VNP and in the sharing of tourism revenue. The results of this study show that dependence on park income had a positive income distribution effect among households. There is also satisfaction among local communities since socioeconomic problems cited here have been alleviated to a large extent through revenue sharing. However, local people expressed concern over damage of crops done by park animals and inability of park management to either curb the problem or offer compensation for the damages. This study concludes that VNP has enormous potential to benefit more local people by fully implementing a participatory management approach in the conservation of this valuable natural resource. (Ekise I.E, Nahayo A, Habumugisha J.B and Mbabazi P. A Socioeconomic Determination of the Impacts of Volcanoes National Park on the Livelihoods of the Local Neighbouring Communities in Northern Rwanda. N Y Sci J 2013;6(11):14-26). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork . 3