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Attention Attraction in Circular Perception of a Three-Dimensional Object

The article is dedicated to the parametric analysis of a trajectory of circular rotation of a three-dimensional object during its perceptual inspection and emphasizes the difference in the psychological mechanism of distribution of a person attention from the mechanism of saccadic eye movement during perception of the video scene. According to the result, when the image of the three-dimensional object scanned with eyes there are saccades and fixed points of attention. The difference between perception of a physical object and its virtual image lays in necessity of physical action to go around the object or rotate it with the hand. So, there is a hypothesis the motive to form a full virtual image of the object consists of consequence of discrete motives, like: look at the object from left, from right, from behind, from top. In that case a person has a freedom of choice which discrete motive to implement and do it consciously. Perception of parameters of the object occurs during its rotation with an accent on the points of interest. In that points attention attracted and kept for some time, comprehension of perceived scene occurred, and the new motive generated. In the point of interest, the observation trajectory makes a maneuver and this fact support the hypothesis. The maneuvers reflect change of cognitive motives. The topology of the object image formed as a graph with vertices and vectors with azimuths and lengths of vertex connections as vector-defined edges of the graph. The results of the study are applicable in ergonomic design and prediction of human perceptual actions in new cognitive situations.


Introduction
However, these researches on 2D objects do not include perception of the rotation trajectories of 3D non-transparent objects. The 3D object perception demands viewing the object around and it is forming the trajectory in the 3D space unlike to 2D space ( Figure 2). To inspect the entire surface of the real object, the person has to walk around the object or rotate it with the hand [7].The perception of a route as the trajectory in the 3D space considered being analog and changing in time and speed.
During the human perception of the 3D object surface, the viewing trajectory does not contain irregular gaze leaps ( Figure 2). • the psychological motives Particular motives can determine the nature of the perception. These are different approaches when the object is inspected purely for curiosity (cognitively) and when the person inspects the object for pragmatic purposes where a phase of perception is preceding the phase of the immediate specific use of this object. This paper considers only the first approach [8].
In the experiment, the person did not have an access to the real object, instead had the access to the 3D model on the screen.
The person rotated the object with the hand and the "computer mouse". So, the person could not plan any instrumental actions with the object, because did not have sensations of the object's weight, center of gravity, aggregate state, roughness, temperature, elasticity perceiving the object on the basis of cognitive motives only.
The results of the previous research [9,10] show that

Materials and Methods
The origin of the motive is related to two sources. The first when an intention of the person is based on the received instruction and formed before the object perception. The second when in natural conditions there is some source "inside" of the person and based on that there is the motive. This research is concentrated on the second case [11]. The experiments showed that the motive has many variants and such a variability arises on four reasons dependent on: • the characteristics of the inspected object (its physical properties) • the physiological patterns of sensorimotor control over the movements of the hand and eye The viewing trajectory is the result of the interaction of those four factors. The first three factors shadow the fourth. The fourth factor, which is most interesting, can be, for example, the person's motive to see the backside of the object ("to look beyond the horizon"); or to approach to the point of the focal interest; or to examine the frontal panorama of the object; or to understand whether the object is symmetrical. Therefore, before automatic motive recognition it is necessary to "eliminate" from the "raw" trajectory factors reflecting the physics of the object and the physiology of the person's hand and eye. According to the identified reasons for the implementation of the recognition method, it was developed an algorithm of forming and filtering the average trajectory from the registered trajectories of the virtual object perception. It is on the filtered trajectory the sections corresponding to the implementation of the motive [12].
For that, in the psychology the classic approach is used to the factor analysis, variance analysis, and structural modeling methods [11]. In the presented research, a method of counter hypotheses is applied. In this method, decomposition of the causes of variability is accomplished not by a mathematical method, but by the method of controlling the experiment -by eliminating the hypothesized factor in the experiment.
The person can have different psychological intentions during the object perception. In the research, only one cognitive hypothesis is tested: "to approach to the focal interest point." On the surface of the object presented to the person -"the globe" -the five yellow spots were placed as the points of interest. According to the instruction, the person was required to find those points in a random order and to make short-term stops during the perception [9].

The test plan
For the experiments was provided a laboratory model, developed in the United Institute of Problems of Informatics of The continents and the water areas are depicted as a "physical map" without conventional notations. On the globe surface, 5 yellow spots were marked for searching. Before the experiment, for adaptation, the participant was asked to rotate another object with the mouse and after that, the instruction was given. The position to begin the inspection was the same for everybody -the western hemisphere.
Each person made experience once. There were no restrictions on the search duration and sequence of the yellow spots [13,14].

Results
The globe surface is divided on 512 triangles. A red line going through some of the 512 triangles and representing the attraction spectrum marks the inspection trajectory of the participants.   frequency of movement of the gaze from the ith triangle to the neighboring jth, which is a specific pair of neighboring triangles.
Considering that the inspection sphere consists of 512 triangles, 512x512 pairs of triangles were allocated for statistical analysis and 512x512 matrix was compiled. Statistics were collected for 150 experiments. For each participant the detected trajectory was transcoded into a chain of a sequence of triangles and pairs of adjacent triangles were found. For each triangle, which could potentially be a place of change of motive or hub, the number of exit triangles was determined (Table 1). According to the instruction, the five yellow spots were identified as places of interest. Each spot lays on the several triangles. Therefore, the vectors and frequencies of entry and exit were statistically computed and the frequency of the entry directions in the spots and exit directions from the spots were compiled ( Figure 5).