{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.029411764705882353, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0010504201680672268, 'mean_word_length': 5.108974358974359, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Nutritional quality and tannin astringency of browse in clear-cuts and old-growth forests.

We compared nutritional quality and morphology of 4 browse forages of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) in clear-cuts and old-growth forests on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Browse in old-growth forests had a greater proportion of leaves, was more succulent, and had higher percent crude protein than browse in clear-cuts. There was no consistent pattern of difference in fiber content and digestibility between forest types. Tannin astringency was greater in clear-cuts than in old growth. Because tannins decrease digestible protein (DP), DP was more available in shrubs grown in old growth than in clear-cuts, little DP was available to cervids browsing in clear-cuts. Retention of patches of old growth in the Pacific Northwest will provide optimum year-round habitat for cervid foraging