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[Ancient urology in the Kingdom of Valencia. Origins].

When we speak about ancient Urology we try to revise the ways of diagnosing and treating during the last epochs the genitourinary diseases, sufferings that are recognizable for us in the classic descriptions. We try to place the urology knowledge in Valencian lands, in the historical general current, relating it to the social, political and economic structure in every moment. Are outlined the innovative legislations that regulated the medical occupation, the influence of the European currents in the development of the medicine and surgery at Valencia up to the renaissance, the creation of the School of Surgery in 1462, the obtaining of the royal privilege in 1478 to dissect human corpses, the foundation of the University of Valencia in 1502, by the Valencian pope Alejandro VI, and license of the king Fernando Catholic and the unification of the set of hospital centres of the city of Valencia in 1512, constituting the General Hospital. In this period they are of special relevancy for us Arnau de Vilanova who wrote the "Tractatus against calculum" the first text related to the urologic pathology, written with monographic character, in the medical European literature, Gaspar Torrella who in 1497 realized the first clinical and therapeutic study of the epoch on the syphilis, considered like the most valuable original description of the new disease and Pedro Jimeno and Luis Collado as visible heads of the flourishing anatomical Valencian school whom Francisco Diaz, author in 1588 of first Urology Tractatus in the History of the medicine, recognizes as his teachers during his staying in Valencia.