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Evaluation of the microbial contaminants and phytochemical properties of Sireh (Piper betle L.)

Piper betle L. or Sireh is popular among the Malaysian locals and has been extensively used in traditional medicines across Asian and Southeast Asian countries. P. betle  is used to enhance the dental health and treat diseases such as rheumatism and bronchitis, though the data on the quality and safety of this plant are still limited. This study evaluated the microbiological quality and the phytochemical properties of P. betle. Bacteria and fungi were only detected following 3 months of storage duration, however, the microbial loads are within the acceptable range and the identified bacterial species were non-pathogenic. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between microbial enumerations data and storage duration. Three phytochemical constituents, which were saponins, tannins, and steroids, were detected in P. betle. These findings highlighted that P. betle  has  low microbial contaminants at least up to 6-months of storage, and with its phytochemical constituents preserved throughout the storage duration, it is thus safe for consumption as it is.  