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Characterisation of attenuation by sand in low-THz band

Research to quantify the attenuation of 150 GHz and 300 GHz EM waves in sand has been conducted and the results are presented in this paper to investigate the performance of low-THz sensing for outdoor applications when an antenna radome might be contaminated by sand, which is one of the most common types of contaminant in outdoor environments. The signal power deviation has been studied as a function of sand thickness and granule size. Five kinds of granule-size-calibrated silica sands and natural sand were used in the experiment. While the results confirms expected greater attenuation at 300 GHz than that at 150 GHz, it has also been shown that sand composed of coarser particles provide greater attenuation than that of finer particles, which challenges some previously reported results.