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Optimal UAV Positioning for Terrestrial-Aerial Communication in Presence of Fading

Aerial communication platforms have been recently recognized as an effective solution to provide wireless access to terrestrial users, which promise to increase reliability and throughput thanks to their superior coverage capabilities. In this paper, we explore the impact of the height of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on the area over which it can provide wireless service. We investigate the problem by characterizing the coverage area for a target outage probability, showing that for the case of Rician fading there exist a unique optimum height that maximizes the coverage area. The optimum UAV height guarantees a beneficial trade-off between path loss and fading, which vary as function of distance and the elevation angle with respect to the ground terminals. Moreover, a closed-form approximated solution is provided, which is valid for any functional dependency between the elevation angle and the Rician factor.