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The 2019 New Investigator Review Award Announcement.

For the third consecutive year the Editors of the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology have supported the research efforts of Early Career Investigators whose work provides new insights into the mechanisms, from the molecular to the organismal levels, underlying integrative physiology in health and disease. The 2018 award was shared by Luana Schito (Sunnybrook Institute, Toronto) and Anna Stanhewicz (Penn State University) (4, 6). The 2019 New Investigator Review Award competition has now concluded and four manuscripts were considered for the top prize. We are pleased to announce that the manuscript entitled “Revisiting the roles of protein synthesis during skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by exercise,” submitted by Vandre C. Figueiredo (University of Kentucky) has been selected by the Editors for this distinction. Dr. Figueiredo began his review by reminding the reader that there remains considerable debate regarding the molecular factors that contribute to resistance exercise skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The review addresses this topic by balancing an overview of traditional models that have focused on increases in acute protein synthesis rates (i.e., translational efficiency) with a revised model focused on ribosome biogenesis (i.e., translational capacity). Central to the traditional model are numerous experimental designs that demonstrate increases in protein synthesis rates with acute resistance exercise, but do not adequately account for chronic adaptations. Dr. Figueirdo (2) presents evidence that rodents and humans both demonstrate ribosome biogenesis in response to chronic resistance exercise. Ribosome biogenesis increases translational capacity, which contributes to elevated rates of muscle protein synthesis even at rest. This challenges the concept that protein synthesis is “short lived” and primarily associated with the acute bouts of intermittent loading. Instead, the revised model posits that ribosomal biogenesis and translational capacity, and not simply translational efficiency, are important contributors to protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Dr. Figueirdo (2) acknowledges that the relative importance of translational efficiency versus capacity in muscle hypertrophy remains unknown and identifies this as a key area of future research. Three additional finalists for the award have been accepted for publication. Nicholas T. Kruse (University of Iowa) proposed “Nutraceuticals as a potential adjunct therapy toward improving vascular health in chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3).” Dr. Kruse points out that the vascular dysfunction in CKD can be ameliorated by reducing oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and proposes that approaches designed to reduce oxidative stress and restore nitric oxide bioavailability might prove salutary. This review highlights novel information about three classes of nutraceutical approaches (polyphenols, dietary nitrates, and mitochondrial targeting) that might, if studied further and translated to humans, provide a novel approach to the treatment of CKD. The review entitled “Exercise stimulates beneficial adaptations to diminish doxorubicin-induced cellular toxicity” by Ashley J. Smuder (University of Florida) reminds us that the antitumor agent doxorubicin (DOX), which is effective in the treatment of multiple cancers, carries its own numerous side effects resulting from off target cellular toxicities (5). Since exercise has been demonstrated to protect against some dysfunction during DOX therapy, Dr. Smuder suggests that by establishing patient-specific exercise regimens in advance of chemotherapy, some of the pathophysiological effects of DOX might be reduced, particularly those in the heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidneys. Helene N. Daou (Sorbonne University, Paris) reviewed the literature on the possible role of interleukin-6 (1) in “Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for cancer cachexia.” Although IL-6 is considered by most to be a negative factor by acting as one of the many cytokines that stimulate tumor growth and metastasis, as well as driving skeletal muscle atrophy and wasting, Dr. Daou points to the emerging body of knowledge identifying IL-6 as a protropic myokine that exerts anti-inflammatory actions by suppressing TNFproduction during exercise. If the proand anti-inflammatory pathways can be isolated uniquely, not only will more knowledge be gained concerning the pleiotropic actions of the IL-6, but also that information may leverage the development of novel antiinflammatory agents. We congratulate all four finalists for their work and their contributions to the journal. Each in their own right provides excellent evidence of the importance of integrative and translational physiology to the development of novel approaches to clinical care. These manuscripts also highlight the commitment of the Editors of the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology to provide opportunities for early career physiologists to demonstrate their ideas and accomplishments.