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Therapeutic musculoskeletal injection: what is current practice? What is the evidence?

Physicians are encountering an increasing number of patients with musculoskeletal injuries and conditions. Although conservative approaches such as rest, ice, elevation, analgesic medications, and therapeutic exercise are usually the first line of treatment, they do not provide relief for some patients. For those patients, injectable agents may be useful in relieving pain and promoting healing. This article describes older and newer injectable agents and reviews the evidence regarding their use and effectiveness.