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Effect of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats that initially weighed 250 +/- 20 g were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 experimental and 2 control (nonappliance and appliance) groups. The experimental groups received 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 microg/kg misoprostol by gastric lavage every 24 hours for 2 weeks. A fixed orthodontic appliance consisting of a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring, 5.0 mm long was ligated between the maxillary right incisor and the maxillary right first molar. The initial activating force was 60 g. For analysis of root resorption, 99 maxillary right and left first molars from 61 animals were chosen. Serial histologic sections of the mesial root of the maxillary first molars were made, and histologic analysis of root resorption on the mesial and distal surfaces was performed. The results showed that oral misoprostol did increase the amount of orthodontic tooth movement in all the experimental groups compared with the appliance control group. This increase was statistically significant in doses of 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 microg/kg (P <.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences among these 4 different doses. There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of root resorption among the groups. However, a trend toward more root resorption was registered. On the basis of these findings, oral misoprostol can be used to enhance orthodontic tooth movement with minimal root resorption.