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Combinatorial Measurement of Sleep and Wheel Running Activity to Examine the Interaction Between Light and Drug Administration in Mice

A billion dollar industry exists to manipulate sleep and alertness. These drugs are psychoactive compounds that work by interacting with neurotransmitter transporters or receptors in the brain to alter brain activity. Possibly, the most common and widely used example of one of these psychoactive compounds is caffeine. Caffeine has been shown to diminish drowsiness while increasing alertness. In high doses, it can cause increased activity and even tremors [1-4]. Another potent influencer of sleep and wakefulness, though commonly overlooked, is light. In humans, light input is known to increase alertness, while in nocturnal animals, such as mice, light input has the opposite effect [56]. Interestingly, an acute light pulse is sufficient to induce a dramatic increase in sleep in mice [6]. What is not known, however, is whether light and drugs interact to influence sleep.