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On the Reading of Riddles: Rethinking Du Boisian 'Double Consciousness'

ALMOST A century ago WE.B. Du Bois posited the claim that African Americans had internalized a set of powerful, mutually incompatible ideals. The conundrum resulting from this internalization, he believed, threatened to sabotage the struggle for full democratic rights and economic equality within the United States. "One ever feels his twoness," wrote Du Bois, "-an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconcilable strivings. . ." (Du Bois [1969] : 45) .This and other equally dramatic assertions were set forth in a pair of essays publicly presented within months of each other in 1897: "The Strivings of the Negro People" (Du Bois [1897] : 194-8),1 destined to become the initial and most memorable chapter of The Souls of Black Folk some six years later, and "The Conservation of Races," second in a series of occasional papers issued by the newly formed American Negro Academy (Du Bois [1970a] : 250-62). Du Bois' lyrical plaint of"two souls dwelling in one" chapter 3