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Effect of Climate Change on Rainfall Pattern and Socio-economic Condition for Karnataka State

Climate change is the changes in the distribution of weather patterns significantly over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. This will lead to occurrence of extreme events such as floods and drought. In the state of Karnataka, India there is a huge impact of climate change on rainfall patterns as well as socio-economic condition of the people. Specific objective of the study is to show the impact of climate change on fluctuation of rainfall pattern and socio-economic condition for the study area. In this study SPI index is used to show the changes in rainfall patterns, which values are varies from +3 to -3 this indicates huge variation of rainfall patterns in the study area during the last decade. Rainfall analysis for the period of 1901 to 2012 showed both decrease (0 to -60%) and increase (0 to +24%) in rainfall from the normal rainfall in the study area due to climate variability and global climate change. Furthermore drought analysis results showed that drought intensity in Karnataka state which used to once in four years, however, due to climate change and climate variability, districts under dry zone are subjected to continuous drought during the last decade. In addition, impacts of climate change and variability was seen in agricultural sector. The agricultural income of households has reduced to half in 2002–2004 as compared to 2005 to 2011.