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Are trials of vitamin D with mortality as an endpoint really needed?

In a patient level meta-analysis of observational studies, Schottker and colleagues report that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with a 50% increase in mortality, mostly in people with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below the median.1 These results are similar to earlier study level meta-analyses of observational studies.2 Because results from observational studies may not adequately account for confounding and cannot be used to …