{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021505376344086023, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.478260869565218, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Direct measurement of conduction miniband structure in superlattice by visible-light photoemission spectroscopy

We have proposed a novel angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure the conduction electrons emitted from a surface with negative electron affinity state. We call this method visible-light photoemission spectroscopy (VPS). In the present study, the conduction miniband structure formed in a superlattice was evaluated by the VPS method. As a result, we succeeded to obtain the dispersion of the miniband. In addition, the effective mass of the miniband was quantitatively determined from the observed dispersion. Therefore, we believe that VPS is a quite powerful tool for the evaluation of intermediate-band solar cells.