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Integrated 'lab-on-a-transistor': With droplets-in-air for parallel nanoliter reactions

We aim to take 'lab-on-chip' technology further by introducing the concept of a 'lab-on-transistor'. In this methodology, laboratory operations, such as heating, cell lysis, and detection, are performed on a single transistor instead of on an entire microchip. To demonstrate this concept, we developed a heating technique that allows transistors to act as electrically addressable, individual heating units. We have coupled the transistor heaters with placement of sub-nanoliter droplets to create individual heated reaction volumes. Under this configuration transistors become highly localized heater/sensors capable of high-speed thermocycling (>25°C/s) of <1nL reactions with potential for electrical detection of biological analytes.