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Sudden Cardiac Death in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A 5-Year Prospective Analysis

Abstract—End-stage renal disease patients experience a high incidence of sudden cardiac death. We performed a 5-year prospective study in 230 end-stage renal disease patients, aiming to determine the role of echocardiography and the additional value of serum biomarkers in predicting sudden cardiac death. During follow-up, 24% of all deaths were attributed to sudden cardiac death. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis considering clinical, biochemical, dialysis, and echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular systolic dysfunction emerged as the most significant predictor of sudden cardiac death, followed by a high systolic and a low diastolic blood pressure. An ejection fraction cutoff ≤48.0% is associated with a specificity of 78.6% and a sensitivity of 57.7% in predicting sudden cardiac death. In biomarker-based multivariable Cox regression analysis, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide displays an independent association with sudden cardiac death and is more significantly associated with sudden cardiac death than cardiac troponin T. In the combined echocardiography and biomarker-based multivariable Cox regression model, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide loses significance to left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas cardiac troponin T retains a significant association with sudden cardiac death independent of echocardiographic parameters. In conclusion, systolic dysfunction is the most significant predictor of sudden cardiac death followed by a high systolic and a low diastolic blood pressure. Our data suggest additional value in measuring cardiac troponin T for sudden cardiac death risk stratification. N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide may be used in place of echocardiography to identify patients at risk of sudden cardiac death but had no added value over echocardiography in predicting sudden cardiac death.