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Prevalence of goitre in 6 -12 years school-going children of Panchmahal district in Gujarat, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) are one of the worldwide public health problems of today. IDDs are endemic in various districts of Gujarat. We undertook this survey in Panchmahal district of Gujarat to study the prevalence of goiter in a sample of school children, to asses the level of iodine in salt samples, and to determine median urinary iodine concentration in a sample of children.


METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, 15,900 school-going children in the age group of 6-12 yr were studied from 10 talukas. A total of 15 clusters were selected by cluster sampling method. Goitre was assessed in the children and urine and salt samples were studied for iodine concentration.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of goitre was 20.5 per cent among the children examined. The median iodine concentration was 70 mg/l indicating mild iodine deficiency; also 61 per cent of the urine samples examined showed iodine insufficiency. Iodine content was found to be adequate in 54.3 per cent of salt samples.


INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION
Our study showed that goitre is still an important public health problem in the district. This calls for identification of factors to strengthen NIDDCP and the need to reimpose ban on sale of non-iodized salt in Gujarat.