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Effects of land use and cover change on the near-surface wind speed over China in the last 30 years

The changes of near-surface wind speed (SWS) were induced by the combination effects from anthropogenic activities and natural climate changes, thus the research of the long-term changes and cause of SWS is very important to recognize the effects from natural changes and anthropogenic activities to SWS. Some studies have shown that land use and cover change (LUCC) over China was very distinct in the last 30 years. However, the possible effects of LUCC to the slowdown in SWS are still uncertain. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis from January 1989 onward (to be extended back to January 1979) (ERA-Interim hereafter) dataset includes little information about LUCC, so the effects of LUCC on SWS in China during 1979–2010 have been estimated by using the difference between SWS per the ERA-Interim dataset and that from 492 meteorological stations. The results show the following. (1) The effects of LUCC on the SWS are distinct, and could have caused a decrease in the SWS of 0.12 m s–1 per decade, which could account for decreases of 0.57 and 0.30 m s–1 wind speed for large and small cities, respectively. In addition, a decrease of 0.1 m s–1 in the SWS could be induced by a 10% rise in the urbanization rate. (2) The impacts of LUCC on the SWS in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region are more significant than those for the entire region. (3) The bias in the ERA-Interim dataset could cause a 51% error in the estimation for the entire region during the study period, but had a non-significant effect on the decreasing trend in the SWS. The decrease rate of SWS induced by LUCC based on the traditional observation minus reanalysis method had an error of 0.01 m s–1 decade–1. (4) The results of different methods to quantify the impacts of LUCC on the SWS are also compared in this study.