{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.022321428571428572, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.595588235294118, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Accurate Voltage Measurement by the Quadrature Method

This paper introduces the quadrature method for measuring voltage using one or more electric field sensors. To date, all high-voltage sensors, from conventional inductive transformers to modern optical voltage transducers, have one or more of the following traits in common: large size and weight, high-voltage electrodes in close proximity, expensive and potentially hazardous insulation, and capacitive voltage division. Combined with the use of small electro-optic field sensors, the quadrature method enables voltage sensor designs that are free of these traits and that are, therefore, particularly ideal for high-voltage applications. It also allows for a trade-off between the accuracy of the voltage measurement and the number of required electric field sensors. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique.