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Regenerative medicine under control of 3D scaffolds: Current state and progress of tissue scaffolds.

Currently, combining stem cells [SCs] with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for the future of biomedicine and regenerative medicine [RG]. The cells need similar substrates of extra cellular matrix [ECM] for normal tissue development that signifies the importance of three dimensional [3D] scaffolds to determine cell fate. Herein, we present the great importance and also positive contributions of corresponding 3D scaffolds on cell functions including cell interactions, cell migrations, and nutrient delivery. Further on, the synthesis techniques which are recruited to fabricate the 3D scaffolds, are discussed besides the related studies of 3D scaffold for different tissues are reported in this paper completely. This review focuses on 3D scaffolds that have been used for tissue engineering purposes and directing stem cell fate as a means of producing replacements for biomedical applications.