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Nestedness of insect assemblages in agriculture-impacted Atlantic forest streams

Agricultural land use causes habitats fragmentation and riparian vegetation removal, driving variability in the composition of aquatic insect assemblage in streams. We explored the effect of agriculture on the beta diversity of insect assemblages of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) in Atlantic forest streams. We measured water physical and chemical variables and quantified the land cover of 10 stream catchments to determine the environmental integrity of the streams. The percentage of vegetation range was ∼6% to ∼47%, and agricultural land use range was ∼24% to ∼88%. We collected a total of 2632 individuals distributed in 30 genera. Trichoptera was the most abundant order (57%), followed by Ephemeroptera (41%) and Plecoptera (2%). The abundance was influenced by the higher agriculture practices in the streams adjacent areas. On the other hand, the oxygenated waters and higher percentages of riparian vegetation influenced the EPT rarefied richness. The beta diversity of EPT assemblages was structured by nestedness due to the influence agricultural activities. The variation in the agricultural intensity that occurs in the streams generated more intense limnological variability, which caused the nestedness of EPT insects as well as the reduction of taxonomic richness. Thus, the streams with low environmental integrity had EPT assemblages nested in streams of high environmental integrity.