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The Hard Thermal Loops and the Self-consistent Calculation of the Effective Potential

By developing the “tadpole graph method” including the resummation of the hard thermal loops in the tadpole diagrams, a self-consistent method is proposed in the calculation of effective potential. It is shown that the calculated effective potential at finite temperature in the Higgs model is more self-consistent than the naive calculation. The two difficulties encountered in the naive calculations of the effective potential disappear naturally, The calculated results indicate that the symmetry restoration transition is of the first order.