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Interpretation of the Quran in Contemporary India: Wahiduddin Khan’s Reading of Peace and Spirituality in the Scripture

This study examines the interpretation of the Quran (tafsir) of an Indian Muslim 
intellectual, Wahiduddin Khan (b.1925), written as a commentary on his translation 
of the Quran, The Quran: English Translation, Commentary and Parallel Arabic 
Text. It aims to illustrate how Khan created a peaceful understanding of the Quran 
in contemporary India, where a critical need to resolve the issue of violent 
communalism between Muslims and Hindus existed. Two main subjects are argued 
here: (1) the background to Khan’s thought and (2) the features of his interpretation 
of the Quran. Khan was deeply influenced by the Islamic and Indian trends of 
thought in contemporary India, such as Islamism (Tablighi Jamaʻat), Islamic 
revivalism (Jamaʻat-e Islami) and non-violence (Gandhism), and chose his own 
peaceful and spiritual understanding of Islam. This background is reflected in his 
interpretation of the Quran, implying that the recognition of scripture provides an 
awareness of the inner self which leads the way to live peacefully with non-Muslims. 
We discuss that this interpretation of the Quran is meaningful to build a pluralistic 
peaceful environment inside and outside India, since it tries to avoid actual conflict 
between Muslim and non-Muslim while keeping the priority of the Islamic faith.