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Endoscopic mucosal resection of early gastric cancer: initial experience with two technical variants.

BACKGROUND
When performed in carefully selected cases, the endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer yields results which are comparable to the conventional surgical treatment, but with lower morbidity and mortality and better quality of life. Several technical options to perform endoscopic mucosal resection have been described and there is a large amount of accumulated experience with this procedure in eastern countries. In western countries, particularly in Brazil, technical limitations associated with the small number of cases of early gastric cancer reflect the little experience with this therapeutic mode.


AIM
This study was carried out in order to assess the indications, pathological results and morbidity of a series of endoscopic mucosal resections using two technical variants in addition to investigating the safety and feasibility of the method.


METHODS
Individuals with well-differentiated early gastric adenocarcinomas with up to 30 mm in diameter without scar or ulcer underwent endoscopic treatment. Two variants of the strip biopsy technique were used. The pathological study assessed the depth of the vertical invasion, lateral and basal margins as well as angio-lymphatic invasion.


RESULTS
Thirteen tumors in 12 patients were resected between June 2002 and August 2005. The most common macroscopic types were IIa and IIa + IIc. Tumor size ranged from 10 to 30 mm (mean = 16.5 mm). En bloc resection was carried out in nine patients. Angio-lymphatic invasion was not observed; however, submucosal invasion was found in two cases. In four cases, the lateral margin was involved. Perforation occurred in two patients who then received conservative treatment.


CONCLUSION
The relatively small series presented here suggests that the method is safe and feasible. Appropriate patient selection is the most important criteria. Long follow-up is required after treatment due to the risk of relapse.