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Control of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rats and mice: detection and elimination vs. vaccination.

Respiratory and genital mycoplasmoses, due to Mycoplasma pulmonis, are major intercurrent disease problems in laboratory rats and mice. Recent surveys indicate that M. pulmonis infection remains a common problem, not only in conventionally maintained colonies, but also in cesarean-derived, barrier-maintained animals. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been established for detection of anti-M. pulmonis IgG antibodies. When compared in extensive field test to other available diagnostic methods, the ELISA was found to be superior for routine diagnosis due to its sensitivity, specificity and rapidity, and there is no need for animal sacrifice, Ideally, detection via ELISA, elimination of infected animals, and prevention of reinfection by barrier housing is the best method for disease control. While this is a rational approach in production colonies and certain research stocks, it is impractical, if not impossible, in many research institutions due to current management practices. Thus, there is a critical need for alternative methods of control in these populations. Both rats and mice can be protected via immunization: therefore, vaccination appears to be a viable alternative. Remaining questions to be answered include: the most effective route of immunization, most effective immunogen, duration of protection, and vaccine efficacy in field use.