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Terms of Inclusion: Has Multiculturalism Redefined Equality in American Education?

Equality is conventionally understood to pertain to distributions of resources, rewards, and achievement. Adopting a view of equality that emphasizes hierarchy and belonging, I ask whether or not multiculturalism has redefined the meaning of equality in education. Through an analysis of bilingual education, community control, and multicultural education, I reach the conclusion that multiculturalism's challenges to hierarchy and to prevailing terms of inclusion in the national community have been largely contained. Nevertheless, the accepted meaning of equality has been broadened to include the absence of bias in curricular materials and the representation of equal status among racial and ethnic groups. Furthermore, multiculturalism remains a focal point of conflict over Euro-American dominance and continues to offer possibilities for reordering political relationships, for redefining legitimate curricular content, and for transforming established symbol systems.