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Metabolic role of visceral adipose tissue and main methods of its diagnosis at the present stage

A review of the literature on the metabolic role of visceral adipose tissue and the main methods for its diagnosis is presented. Visceral adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ what secretes a number of biologically active substances. With an increase in the proportion of visceral adipose tissue, moderate inflammation is observed with a chronic systemic increase in the activity of adipokines. Adipokines carry out several immune or metabolic functions associated with inflammatory infiltration. Active substances such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, etc., the source of which is visceral adipose tissue, have peripheral, central and local effects on the metabolism of glucose and lipids, glycolysis processes in the liver, etc. It is the activity of visceral adipose tissue that should be considered among the main pathophysiological development factors obesity and its potential metabolic cardiovascular and/or liver complications.