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Jewish Appreciation of Fourteenth-Century Scholastic Medicine

FOR MOST OF THE MIDDLE AGES, Jewish physicians maintained a reputation within Latin Christian society that was altogether disproportionate to their numerical presence. The importance of medicine as a calling within the Jewish community, able to draw on the learning of the Greco-Arabic tradition, set Jewish medicine apart from the empirical practice that was nearly universal in the West during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; it continues to enjoy this high reputation among present-day historians.1 What has not been fully appreciated is that by the fourteenth century this situation had been to some extent reversed-that the Latin system of medical learning had so developed as to establish itself, in the eyes of at least a few Jewish practitioners, as a model to be imitated and a resource to be exploited.2