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Buffered I/O support for Zoned Namespace SSD

Recently, NVMe Zoned Namespace (ZNS) interface has been proposed to reduce the NAND flash management overheads of solid-state drive by matching the host interface to internal hardware characteristics. For the Zoned Namespace SSD, writes must be performed using direct I/O to ensure the sequential write order, which may degrade the performance of user applications in many cases. In this paper, we introduce buffered write support for ZNS SSD in Linux kernel I/O stack and implement LSM-tree-based key-value store for ZNS SSD to analyze the effect of buffered writes. Our evaluation shows that buffered writes can reduce the total amount of I/O and increase overall performance of applications utilizing ZNS SSD.