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Geological conditions of generation and distribution of abnormal high formation pressure in Ninotsminda and Manavi fields sedimentary cover (near Tbilisi oil and gas region)

Abnormal high formation pressure (AHFP) zones are widely spread in sedimentary cover of numerous oil and gas regions of the world and our fields are among them. A lot of money and time are spent on elimination of some drilling complications of relevant intervals and that makes well costs more expensive. Therefore, study of forecast abnormal pressure generation and distribution zones is one of the current problems of deep well drilling activities. According to the drilling, geological and geophysical data analyzes and references, the generation of abnormal pressure in the sedimentary cover of the studied territory is mainly caused by: the existence of long submerged sedimentary basin, wide distribution of thick plastic clayey formations enriched with bentonite, primate of submersion velocity against persistence of hardening of faeces, intense folding of formations and frequent network of fault dislocations. Stratigraphically AHFP zone corresponds mainly with Middle Sarmatian-Maikopian-Upper Eocene clayey-sandstone suit distribution intervals. Formation pressure maximum gradient within the region varies from 1.75-1.85 to 2.00-2.20, intervals of distribution AHFP zones - from 600-2200m to 3700-4500m, thicknesses - from 700-2100m to 2500-3000m. Indicators of the given parameters generally increase roughly from South-West to North-East towards the thicknesses of plastic clayey formations, their submersion depth and tectonic tense growth factor. Besides, geological characteristics of some particular areas cause some adjustments: AHFP zone is hypsometrically aroused in the hinge lines of fault anticlines and is sunk in syncline depressions, thickness and formation pressure gradients are less in anticlines than in synclines.