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Relations between the Slovene and Croatian National Movements in Istria in the Late Habsburg Monarchy and in the Early Years of Italian Rule

The article explores the question of Slovene-Croatian interactions in Istria in the times of transition from the Habsburg Monarchy to the rule of the Italian Kingdom. During the revolution of 1848/49, Istrian Slovenes and Croats forged first closer contacts. Trieste became the cultural and political centre of the Slovenes and Croats of the Austrian Littoral. The Croatian national movement in Istria continuously exhibited the influence of its Slovene counterpart, especially in the activities of Slovene Catholic priests. Ever since its inception, the Croatian-Slovene alliance in Istria stood against the nationalism of the Italian political elite. After the incorporation of Istria into the Italian Kingdom and the rise of Fascism all vital Slovene and Croatian cultural, political, educational and economic structures were put under severe political pressure. A secret Christian Social organisation was formed in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Slov.: Furlanija-Julijska krajina), supported by the Slovene and Croatian clergy. Activities of the Christian Social organisation in the 1920s and 1930s were of decisive importance for the preservation of the Slovene-Croatian and anti-Fascist character of the former Austrian Littoral.