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Ion Irradiation Damage in Titanate Ceramics as a Function of Dose

The immobilisation of high level radioactive waste (HLW) in a solid waste form with subsequent geological isolation from the biosphere is one of the preferred strategies for the management of HLW. The radiation resistance of a waste form may affect the long-term aqueous durability of the waste form. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the radiation damage process and its consequences (amorphisation, cation disordering, volume expansion, cracking, etc.).