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The role of the single tryptophan residue in the structure and function of ribonuclease T1.

The previously reported method for the preparation of Kyn 59-RNase T1 and NFK 59-RNase T1 has been improved, and these two proteins have been obtained in high purity. Kyn 59-RNase T1, fully active for the hydrolysis of GpA and GpC, emitted a 35-fold-enhanced fluorescence of kynurenine relative to acetylnurenine amide with an emission maximum at 455 nm upon excitation at 380 nm. The polarity of the environment of Kyn 59 estimated from the emission maximum corresponded to a dielectric constant of 6. Upon excitation at 325 nm, NFK 59-RNase T1, less active than Kyn 59-RNase T1, exhibited a quenched N'-formylkynurenine fluorescence with an emission maximum at 423 nm, from which the value of 12 was obtained as the dielectric constant of the surroundings of residue 59. In both modified proteins, distinct tyrosine fluorescence appeared on excitation at 280 nm. The detection of an energy transfer from tyrosine to residue 59 suggests that the tertiary structure is very similar in Kyn 59-RNase T1 and native RNase T1. With guanidine hydrochloride, Kyn 59-RNase T1 was less stable than the native protein. Carboxymethylation at Glu 58 was shown to stabilize the active site of the modified enzyme. Based on the information collected for Kyn 59-RNase T1, the local environment and possible roles of the sole tryptophan residue in RNase T1 are discussed.