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An artificially structured step-index metasurface for 10GHz leaky waveguides and antennas

Metasurfaces can be engineered to guide surface waves in a homogeneous path, where sub-wavelength size printed patches are etched on a grounded high-frequency laminate. When the homogeneity of the patches is compromised or it is inappropriately excited, leakage takes place. This effect can be exploited to design leaky-wave antennas for a wide range of applications, starting for Internet of Things (IoT) to Smart Factories. Step-index waveguides and antennas are engineered to work by introducing perturbations on the pattern so radiation occur in a controlled manner. The aim of this paper is to propose certain candidate antenna designs. The engineering method to derive effective refractive index is comprehensively investigated to guide and radiate surface waves at a centre operating frequency of 10GHz as a validation of the theory proposed.