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Rationale and design of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled outcome trial of ivabradine in chronic heart failure: the Systolic Heart Failure Treatment with the If Inhibitor Ivabradine Trial (SHIFT)

Elevated heart rate is a significant marker for mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular disease including heart failure. Despite background treatment with a beta‐blocker, many patients with heart failure and low ejection fraction maintain a heart rate above 70 b.p.m. Ivabradine reduces heart rate directly through inhibition of the If ionic current.