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The role of cytokines and adhesive molecules in febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions occur not infrequently following transfusion. Our understanding of the molecular biology of these reactions has increased dramatically over the past few years. A variety of biological response modifiers have been shown to play a role in these reactions. These chemical messengers include cytokines, complement fragments, antibodies and adhesion molecules. Many of the clinical symptoms associated with these reactions are attributable to activation and generation of these substances. This review article will cover the role of cytokines in generation of non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and the role of activation of adhesion molecules in the generation of TRALI (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema). Our ability to modulate the generation of these chemical messengers could help us control clinical symptoms associated with these transfusion reactions.