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Electron microscopic study of the attachment and penetration of rabbit intestinal epithelium by Providencia alcalifaciens

Ilea of adult rabbits with removable ileal ties (RITARD model) that developed diarrhoea and ileal loops of adult rabbits after inoculation with Providencia alcalifaciens, isolated from two patients with diarrhoea, were studied by transmission electron microscopy for enterocyte‐bacterial interactions. Two modes of entry of bacteria into epithelial cells were seen: one directly by endocytosis associated with polymerization of cytoskeletal components and the other by disruption of tight junctions with entry into and proliferation in intercellular spaces.