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Photometric Detection of Heavy Metals Using Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles

Development of bio-reduction techniques for nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis in medical application remains a challenge to numerous researchers. This work reports a novel technique for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) using palm oil fronds extracts (POFE) in the present of ultrasound radiation. The POFE is a waste material available in abundance in Asia and some African countries. The functional groups in the POFE operate as a persuasive capping and possibly reduced Au3+ to Au0. The prepared AuNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, DLS, FESEM, and XRD. The analysis of FTIR validates the coating of alkynes and phenolic composites on the AuNPs. This shows a feasible function of biomolecules for efficient stabilization of the AuNPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) clearly show the morphology of the prepared AuNPs. The XRD patterns display the peaks of fcc crystal structures at (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222). A physical and photometric detection effect of ten heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, Hg, As, Cr, Fe, and Mn) were investigated using the biosynthesized AuNPs and only Cr metal was detected by the AuNPs when it concentration increased from 1 ppm to 50 ppm with a rapit decrease of intensity measured using UV-vis spectrocopy at room temperature. While, almost all metals ions are detected at elevated tempeture (45 – 50 °C).