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Geologic Setting of the Upper Nehalem Watershed Framework for Geomorphic Analysis and Habitat Assessment

The geologic setting of the Nehalem watershed is strongly influenced by active tectonic associated with the Cascadia Subduction Zone and Oregon Coast Range. Surface elevations range the sea level to over 3,000 feet. Bedrock stratigraphy includes several formations ranging in age from Eocene up to middle Miocene, in addition to Quaternary terrace gravel and alluvium. The oldest rock unit from this is represented by Tillamook Volcanics (Eocene age), with the youngest formation is represented by Columbia Basalt Group (Miocene age). Early Tertiary strata were subsequently intruded by gabbroic intrusive. Evidence of tectonic activity shows a major late Eocene extensional event that produced abundant normal faulting that may be attributed to initial forearc extension. Topographic lineaments in the Nehalem basin are associated with known fold structures, faults, formation contacts and/or resistant strata. Surficial geology is characterized by parent rock and soils formed through volcanic and depositional processes. This study forms part of an undergraduate research project at Western Oregon University to characterize the geology and geomorphology of the Nehalem basin as part of broader watershed assessment efforts in the region. C r i s t i n a F r a n c i s c o G e o l o g i c S e t t i n g o f t h e N e h a l e m W a t e r s h e d | 4