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1 Enoch 73:5–8 And The Synchronistic Calendar

1 Enoch 73:5-8 is the first section in the Book of the Luminaries ( 1 En . 72-82) which gives specific information about the changing illumination of the moon. The initial verse in the chapter identifies 1 En . 73 as "a second law for the smaller luminary whose name is the moon" to distinguish it from the first law, the one for the sun, which can be read in 1 En. 72. This chapter has two parts. The first surveys the history of scholarship on these verses, while the second offers a critical text and interpretation influenced by information from the synchronistic calendar found in 4Q208-209 (4QEnastr a-b ) and related data from Mesopotamian astronomical texts. The most important of the early commentaries on 1 Enoch was written by A. Dillmann, and his interpretation of 1 En . 73:5-8 in it has had a lasting influence on the field. Keywords: 1 Enoch 73:5-8; Luminaries; Mesopotamian astronomical texts; synchronistic calendar