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[Chemoprevention and FAR therapy regimen comprised of 5-fluorouracil, vitamin A and radiation].

Retinoid is one of the most promising substances for chemoprevention and anti-cancer effect. Retinoid has the following reported actions: induction of cell differentiation, control of cancer growth, repair of the precancerous lesion, prevention of the secondary carcinogenesis, control of angiogenesis and prevention of metastasis, and immunostimulation. In the present study, retinoid modified the cell cycle, reinforced the G1 check mechanism which is lost in cancer cells and induced apoptosis. Retinoid augmented the membrane permeability of anti-cancer drugs such as 5-FU, and reduced the exocytosis of anti-cancer drugs by suppressing the expression of the transport protein cMOAT. Retinoid also suppressed the invasive growth of the cancer cells. With the FAR therapy regimen (5-FU and retinil palmitate with radiation) and subsequent surgery, the disease-specific five-year survival rate was close to 50% in various head and neck cancers. Thus, the chemoprevention and anti-cancer effects of retinoid may play an important role in the preservation of organs and QOL.