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Automatic segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in brain MRI using constrained GMM and genetic algorithm

The Segmentation is a fundamental technique used in image processing to extract suspicious regions from a given image. Quantitative assessment of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) lesion load of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most objective approach for a better understanding of the history of the pathology, either natural or modified by therapies. Recently, numerous methods have been introduced for the segmentation of MS lesions in MR images. In this work, we propose to segment the images based on a constrained Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and using Genetic Algorithm to determine the optimal parameters of this highly non-linear model. We use this method for automatic segmentation of MS lesions in fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) of magnetic resonance images. Moreover, a preprocessing step is also performed to suppress artifacts and to remove the unwanted skull portions from brain MRI. The proposed method has been tested on real patients' MR images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively segment MS lesions in the brain MR images.