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Further Reflections on Southern Politics

A southern political scientist visiting with colleagues outside the region will eventually have put to him such questions as "Will the southern strategy succeed?" or "When will the South have a two-party system along the lines of the national model?" One tactic is to parry these questions by insisting on definitions of the terms "southern strategy" arid "two-party system." An alternative tactic is to observe that Republican strategists are only belatedly trying to capitalize on a development that has been going on for many years. This development, the disintegration of southern solidarity, has resulted not only from massive economic changes within the South but also from the changed position of the South within the Democratic party. The New Deal made the Democratic party the nation's normal majority party and weakened the South's position within the party. Democratic policy aimed at benefiting groups in those sections of the nation where elections were decided. Although much New Deal-Fair Deal policy was highly beneficial to the South, it also had the effect of creating two streams of discontent-racial and economic. The first stream of discontent to manifest itself was opposition to the civil-rights proposals of the Truman administration. Blacks had been late converts to the Democratic party, but the northward migration of thousands of southern Negroes during the Second World War had made them a force to be reckoned with in presidential politics. In early 1948, Truman proposed that Congress legislate under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments in the fashion intended by their framers, namely, to give national protection to the civil and political rights of blacks. This was treason in much of the white South. The whole purpose of southern solidarity was to keep the legal control of race relations on a state level and to prevent the national government from using its constitutional powers in this area. Although the proposals never got out of committee, the threat