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Black Velvet Tamarind: Phytochemical Analysis, Antiradical and Antimicrobial
 Properties of the Seed Extract for Human Therapeutic and Health Benefits

Black Velvet Tamarind (BVT) is a famous edible fruit with multiple therapeutic
 properties. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites and
 evaluate the medicinal activities of the seed extract of the plant in order to
 scientifically report its possible medicinal applications in food and pharmaceutical
 industries. The pulverized seed was extracted with methanol/ethylacetate (2:1) and the
 concentrated extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),
 the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using galvinoxyl and
 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays while the antibacterial activity was
 determined by agar-well diffusion method. From the GC-MS analysis, Twenty (20) organic
 compounds were identified in the seed extract, accounting for 99.3% of the identifiable
 components in the seed extract, and the main constituents were:4-O-methylmannose
 (40.46%), 9,9-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,4-dione (12.30%), palmitic acid (10.00%),
 nitroisobutylglycerol (8.60%), simiarenol (4.77%) and methyl-α-d-mannofuranoside
 (4.70%). The extract also contained some notable therapeutically active phenolic
 compounds such as dihydrochavicol (3.60%), p-chloro-m-cresol (0.67%) and p-vinylguaiacol
 (0.1%). The seed extract possesses significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant
 (IC50 and AAI) properties; for galvinoxyl assay (30.00-34.00%), 5.0 and 8.4 and DPPH
 assay (86.78-90.57%), 6.0 and AAI of 6.7, respectively. The result showed that the
 antioxidant properties of the seed extract of BVT increased in dose-concentration manner
 due to the synergetic activity of secondary metabolites present in the seed extract.
 This study showed that the seed of BVT possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial potential
 and it might be useful against ROS and RNS induced disorders. The seed of BVT can be
 used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidant. The extract has high
 inhibitory effects at different concentrations (1000-250 µgml-1 ) on Enterococcus
 faecalis (30 mm) and Serratia marcescens (15 mm) isolated from clinical samples. The
 susceptibility of Gram positive and negative bacterial strains to the seed extract was
 due to the synergic activities of the secondary metabolites in the seed extract, most
 especially the phenolic compound and the terpenoids. This study showed that the seed
 extract of BVT has medicinally bioactive phytochemicals that may be useful in the
 formulation of food preservatives or drug supplements and treatment of bacterial
 infections