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A Biological Restoration Model for Contaminated Coastal Marshes and Islands Using the Life Cycle of Acheta domesticus to Establish Environmental Sustainability

Insects such as Acheta domesticus account for over half of marsh fish and migratory bird diet. Therefore, insects 
are very important to marsh and island ecosy stems and are susceptible to oil 
contamination, but little research has been done to study the effects of oil 
spills on cricket populations. The purpose of this experiment was to determine 
the effects of an oil spill event on Acheta 
domesticus mortality and hatch rate to establish environmental 
sustainability. The treatment groups included 0% oil contamination, 5% oil 
contamination and 10% oil contamination. The scientist counted the number of 
deaths in two-week, four-week, and six-week-old 
crickets after oil contamination. In addition, the scientist counted the number 
of hatchlings among treated cricket eggs. Error bar lines in the results 
section supported the scientist’s hypothesis that the crickets would be 
affected by oil contamination. In fact, over 90% of the 10% oil treatment group 
died and over 80% of the 5% oil treatment group died after five days of oil 
contamination in the six-week-old experiment. The scientist used a Gas 
Chromatography Mass Spectrometer to determine if benzene, toluene, 
ethylbenzene, or xylene (total) were present in the sediment samples. BTEX 
exposure is suspected to possibly cause insect mortality. These volatile 
organic compounds were present in the samples and were found in higher 
quantities in samples with higher concentrations of oil. The highest quantity 
of volatile organic compounds present was xylene. After studying the population 
dynamics of the tested Acheta domesticus, the scientist found that the two-week and four-week-old crickets’ 
survivability could fit a linear model while the six-week-old crickets fit an 
exponential model. The scientist used these models to observe how long it took 
each treatment group to approach zero, and the oiled groups grew closer to a 
population of zero significantly faster. For example, it took about 
twenty-seven days for the 10% treatment group’s population to approach zero 
whereas the control, 0% treatment group, took about seven days in the two-week-old cricket 
experiment. Overall, the six-week-old crickets had the highest mortality, and 
the cricket egg experiment resulted in extremely low hatch rate. Specifically, 
the highest number of crickets that hatched in an oiled replication either 5% 
or 10% oil was eight out of the five thousand eggs laid. Since the adult 
crickets are the most physically able to reproduce and the cricket eggs had low 
hatch rates, the cricket population would significantly decrease after an oil 
spill with 5% or more soil contamination. However, if the plant matter that 
crickets consume is still present in their environment, they may be able to 
recover.