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The crisis in funding for research and graduate studies in Brazil.

From 2007 to 2014, Rio de Janeiro and nearly all the other states of Brazil experienced a rare cycle of continuous financing for research and graduate studies. It was a time when Brazilian Graduate Studies Coordinating Board (Capes), Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), Brazilian Funding Authority for Studies and Project (Finep), and the state research foundations invested generous funds in reestablishing the country’s research infrastructure and creating and consolidating graduate courses. At Capes, Jorge Guimarães obtained funds for implementing new types of financing, including equipment for graduate studies programs and post-doctoral scholarships. In Rio de Janeiro, Ruy Garcia Marques as president of the Carlos Chagas Filho Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation (Faperj) achieved record levels of financing for research in the state, complying with the Constitutional provision of earmarking 2% of the state’s net revenue for the Faperj budget. In 2015, an economic crisis followed by an unprecedented political crisis resulted in President Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment and put a drastic stop to this virtuous cycle. What followed was a slash in funding for research grants and scholarships in practically all of the federal and state research funding agencies. The crisis was even more dramatic in the State of Rio de Janeiro, which had previously undergone enviable growth in its scientific and technological infrastructure. The state universities (Rio de Janeiro State University – UERJ, State University of Northern of Rio de Janeiro – UENF, and State University of Western of Rio de Janeiro – UEZO) suffered the heaviest impact: not only did their research funding dwindle due to the budget cuts at Capes, CNPq, Finep, and Faperj, but their own budgets were also submitted to contingency measures by the Rio de Janeiro State government. The Rio de Janeiro State government defaulted on its payments to all outsourced service providers at UERJ (cleaning, maintenance, security, and the university dining hall). As a result, providers opted out of their contracts and a string of new tenders had to be issued when the new service companies repeatedly failed to receive payment on schedule. Successful programs for supporting low-income students who had enrolled through the affirmative action system, such as retention scholarships, suffered lengthy delays, as did the incentives program for faculty research output at UERJ (Prociência) and the programs The crisis in funding for research and graduate studies in Brazil