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Hepatitis-associated antigen in chimpanzees.

The hepatitis-associated antigen, or Australia antigen, is rarely found in sera collected randomly from normal populations of the United States, but it appears with high frequency in acute-phase sera of patients with long-incubation-period hepatitis [1,2]. Inoculation of such serum into human volunteers has been followed by hepatitis in these individuals [3]. However, failure to demonstrate nucleic acid in purified preparations of the antigen indicates that it may not itself be the virus of longincubation-period hepatitis, but rather some component of the viral particle or a secondary byproduct of viral multiplication [4]. Hirschman and colleagues have detected hepatitis-associated antigen in two of 128 healthy chimpanzees by the technique of agar-gel diffusion [2], and Prince found antigen by the same method in eight of 138 chimpanzees. He also detected antibody to the antigen in the serum of six separate animals [5]. In both studies, the qualitative identity of the simian antigen with human antigen was established by agar-gel diffusion. The occurrence of viral hepatitis in chimpanzees imported into this country has been well documented [6]. The clinical, histopathologic, and chemical features of this illness are similar to those seen in man [7], and the disease may be transmitted from chimpanzees to humans [8, 9]. Since 1963, the Phoenix Laboratories of the Center for Disease Control has housed successive cohorts of chimpanzees for research on hepatitis and related problems. Intensive surveillance of illness, including serial bleedings and biopsies of livers, allowed evaluation of the incidence and duration of viral hepatitis in these animals. Avail-