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Association of Syndecan 4 and Osteocalcin with Application of BMP2 and BDNF in Bone Healing of Osteoporotic Rats

Background: Bone tissue contains multipotent stromal cells, which have the ability to differentiate intodifferent specialized cells. Induced stem cells have been developed with various growth factors using manybiomaterials, which are the most common strategiesin tissue engineering. Syndecan 4 and osteocalcinexpressions during healing of bone defect in osteoporotic rat, along with the application of bone morphogenicprotein 2 (BMP-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were evaluated in this study.Method: Ten normal rats and 10 induced osteoporotic rats were used in this study. Three mm bone defectswere created in the femur of each rat, one on the left side and another one on the right side. The left bonedefects were left to heal spontaneously without any application, while the right ones were treated with acombination of BMP2 and BDNF. Immunohistochemical evaluation was done for positive expression ofsyndecan 4 and osteocalcin in bone tissue during healing periods.Results: Application of BMP2 and BDNF for both normal and osteoporotic rats increased the expressionsof syndecan 4 and osteocalcin. In addition, expression of Syndecan 4 was decreased with increment period,while Osteocalcin expression showed the reverse. Statistical analysis revealed a significant differenceregarding both positive expression of Syndecan 4 and osteocalcin in the treated groups compared to theiruntreated counterpart.Conclusion: Application of BMP-2 and BDNF enhances syndecan 4 and osteocalcin expressions in bonerepair of osteoporotic rat.