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An Uncertain Age: The Politics of Manhood in Kenya

Israel, Laqech, and a newer type, ET13) quickly suffered from wheat rust and only occupied Ada’s uplands like Chafe Donsa, rather than the lower and flat vertisol areas that predominated in Ada and in areas along the Rift Valley zones. Wheat, however, was the crop of choice for projects in the Arsi area. In other, if not most, of the areas in the Rift Valley lakes maize also assumed a prominent role on abortive state farms where lighter soils were the norm, especially new varieties like A511 adapted to the drier, shorter seasons as farmers worked with extension agents to adopt hybrid seed distributed by government seed programs. So, while Bekele offers an impressive template for the Rift Valley lake region, he underplays the varieties of ethnicity, local conditions of cultivation, and national markets. For example, varieties of capsicum in Ethiopia, such as at Maraqo ridge, do not include “jalapenos” but instead other specific types of hot red and green capsicum peppers (C. frutescens and C. annuum) used as the base ingredient for Ethiopian cuisine and for export as a diaspora condiment and as the infamous red dye #2. Regardless of these issues, Ploughing New Ground is a valuable book that expands our understanding of agroecology in the wider history of Ethiopia. I expect that it will join the classical fare for the next generation that seeks to understand the dynamics of Ethiopia’s modern history.