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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Reversed Cognitive Deficits in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Lack of medications or procedures available for reversing or modifying the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to heightened search for alternatives. This is in the face of over 400 failed clinical trials that have targeted specific pathways in the pathophysiology of the disease including β‐amyloid, tau and inflammation. Based on these failures and the complexity of AD, examining alternative treatments that target several disease‐related pathways in parallel is of utmost importance. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been identified as major factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD, therefore a treatment that has the potential to reduce these two factors could decrease AD pathologies and improve brain function. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for the past 50 years for decompression sickness, thermal burns, and wound healing among others. Recently, HBOT has been shown as a promising treatment for conditions such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, and improved cognitive function while reducing inflammation and plaque deposition in the 3xTg mouse model of AD. In a model of atherosclerosis, HBOT reduced systemic inflammation and induced antioxidant enzymes. More recently, HBOT treatment improved cognitive impairment in 42 AD patients. The objective of this experiment was to further characterize and optimize the use of HBOT as a novel avenue to treat AD. It was hypothesized that HBOT will reverse cognitive impairments associated with AD by reducing neuroinflammation and boosting antioxidant defenses.