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SCE formation after exposure of CHO cells prelabelled with BrdU or biotin-dUTP to various DNA-damaging agents.

Formation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) is a mechanism of repair or bypass of DNA damage during S phase. Although SCE have been studied for a long time, the types of DNA lesions involved and the role of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in SCE formation are a matter of debate. We have developed a novel method of differential labelling of sister chromatids with biotin-16-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (biotin-dUTP) and could show that a substantial proportion of radiation-induced SCE arise via damage to BrdU-moieties. The present investigations were performed to examine the role of BrdU in the formation of SCE by the endonucleases AluI and DNase I, as well as the alkylating agent mitomycin C (MMC). CHO cells unifilarily prelabelled with biotin-dUTP or BrdU were treated and the frequencies of SCE analysed in the first post-treatment mitoses. AluI induced similar frequencies of SCE in cells prelabelled with BrdU or biotin-dUTP. DNase I induced significantly more SCE in cells prelabelled with BrdU than with biotin-dUTP. MMC induced slightly more SCE in cells labelled with biotin-dUTP than BrdU, but the difference was not significant. The possible mechanisms responsible for the enhanced SCE frequency following DNase I treatment of cells prelabelled with BrdU are discussed.