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Performance characterization and optimization of various circuit topologies to combine batteries and ultra-capacitors

Several topologies have been proposed for combining batteries and ultracapacitors (UC) to build a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). It is essential to quantify the performance benefits of these different circuit topologies. This will establish a metric for evaluating the performance of new topologies as well as providing the basis to select a certain topology and design a HESS optimized for the target application. The following HESS topologies; 1. Direct-parallel 2. Paralleling with an inductor and 3. Buck-Boost are evaluated in this work. A testbed has been proposed and utilized for comparing HESS topologies and an electric scooter is used as the target application.