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Technical and economical evaluation of fast charging infrastructures for electric buses

The Electrical Energy Storage (EES) is recognized, among all the possible options, as one of the most promising solutions to support the challenges posed by the decarbonization of the economy and integration into the distribution network of the electricity produced from intermittent and non-programmable renewable sources. The high-power request to the electricity network during charging process of electric busses, especially for fast, ultra-fast or flash charges, requires EES systems in order to level such impulsive requests. The research activity illustrated in this work investigates the most promising technologies for a stationary application for electric buses charging. We investigate different types of storage systems, whose peculiarities satisfy specific types of applications rather than others. The solutions under study for fast and flash charge are mechanical storage systems such as flywheels (FES), electrical and electrochemical systems such as supercapacitors (SC) and batteries, in particular, the high specific power Lithium Titanate (LTO). The results show the potential economic advantage of flywheels and supercapacitors as stationary storage systems over electrochemical storage.