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DROUGHTS : CAUSES , DISTRIBUTION AND CONSEQUENCES

Drought is one of the most damaging environmental phenomena. In general, drought is a temporal reduction of environmental moisture status relative to the mean state. Because of the complexity of drought, it is often studied only by separate aspects of the phenomenon (e.g. meteorological drought, soil drought, etc.). Hence, approaches to drought identification are variable. The theory of drought identification, which permitted assessment of location, intensity, and duration of drought from study of environmental moisture status dynamics, was developed at the end of the 1960s. The verification and development of drought theory require monitoring of numerous environmental parameters. Remote sensing of the earth surface in arid areas is valuable for this purpose.