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Female Homosexuality and (Non)Performativity in the 21st-C. Syrian Novel: Queerness as/at Home in Samar Yazbek's Ra'ihat al-Qirfa (2008)/Cinnamon (2012).

Given the regression in empowering representations of queer women in the literary and, more generally, the cultural life of the modern Arab world, this article spotlights the hitherto under-researched literary portrayals of female homosexuality as a site of redemptive and/or reparative, queer(ed) home in 21st-century Syria. Through a close reading of Samar Yazbek's Ra'ihat al-Qirfa (2008), and, for added nuance, its English translation Cinnamon (2012), the study explores the novel's curation of home in and through the protagonist Aliyah's same-sex relationship with her employer Hanan al-Hashimi. Using Roberta Rubenstein's and Sara Ahmed's notions of fixing past homes, and of queer(ing) home, respectively, the article shows how the sense of home cushioned by the same-sex affair transcends social class and domination/submission binaries. I thus argue that even as the same-sex relationship in Yazbek's novel may not be performative from a contemporary lesbian feminist perspective, it kneads hope, not desolation, into the plot and the real-life setting it extrapolates, since it responds to the local context the characters inhabit.