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Architectural changes independent of bone mineral in osteoporosis.

High resolution micro-CT scanning offers a wide perspective of possibilities for evaluating bone tissue. It is well described that bone mineral density correlates well with bone stiffness and strength and therefore this parameter is used as the gold standard in clinical practice to evaluate bone quality and fracture risk. The contribution of architecture to bone quality is also well recognized, however there exist many quantitative parameters of architecture and in 2-D many of those are biased. In particular, the possibility to accurately determine the 3-D architecture of the bone now gives the opportunity to determine the particular effects of architecture on bone mechanical properties independent of bone mineral density. This requires analysis of the bone architecture using the finite element method. When this method is combined with mechanical testing of bone specimens the combined data can provide additional information about the properties of matrix tissue, independent of architecture and bone mass.