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Slovak adverbs belonging to the group “often”: the problem of quasi-synonymy

The article examines the semantics of the Slovak lexemes často and neraz, the two most frequent adverbs included in the semantic group of temporal words with a common meaning of high repeatability of action, based on the material of the National Corpus of the Slovak language. The characteristics of adverbs, their relative compatibility, which is isolated using the logDice association measure, as well as the mutual occurrence of adverbs within the same context are analyzed. The analysis showed that adverbs are not complete synonyms. For často, the main sphere of compatibility is formed by collocations with verbs and participles, which have the semantics of detection, appearance; combinations with representative verbs. Neraz, in turn, tends to particles that emphasize the significance of the situation; also to particles with the meaning ‘literally, really’, from verbal collocations, adverbs are mainly characterized by combinations with mental predicates denoting the process of persuasion. A separate thematic area for the adverb is formed by words that somehow denote life difficulties. Thus, the semantics of často, unlike neraz, presupposes regularity of repetition; neraz denotes not only irregular, but primarily non-standard situations, the adverb is largely focused on the subject of perception. In the case of the joint use of both adverbs, where their neutralization does not occur, the situation designated neraz often occurs after the situation designated často, and is its direct consequence. In addition, často can mark more frequent situations than neraz.