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Biological effects of oscillating electric fields: role of voltage-sensitive ion channels.

An alternating component of potential across the membrane of an excitable cell may change the membrane conductance by interacting with the voltage-sensing charged groups of the protein macromolecules that form voltage-sensitive ion channels. Because the probability than a voltage sensor is in a given state is a highly nonlinear function of the applied electric field, the average occupancy of a particular state will change in an oscillating electric field of sufficient magnitude. This "rectification" at the level of the voltage sensors could results in conformational changes (gating) that would modify channel conductance. A simplified two-state model is examined where the relaxation time of the voltage sensor is assumed to be considerably faster than the fastest changes of ionic conductance. Significant changes in the occupancy of voltage sensor states in response to an applied oscillating electric field are predicted by the model.