{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04421768707482993, 'fraction_numerical': 0.04421768707482993, 'mean_word_length': 5.848837209302325, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Theory of Logical Types: A Tool for Understanding Levels and Types of Change in Organizations

In this article, we develop a framework forclarifying constructs based on Bateson's (1972, 1979)theory of logical types and present an extended exampleto illustrate the use of the logical types framework. We then use the framework to (1) criticallyreview descriptions and definitions of the types andlevels of organizational change (Bartunek & Moch, 1987;Golembiewski, Billingsley, & Yeager, 1976; Miller, 1990; Senge, 1990), and (2) clarify theliterature concerning organizational change.