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Modelling and optimisation of high‐efficiency differential‐drive complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor rectifier for ultra‐high‐frequency radio‐frequency energy harvesters

Differential-drive cross-coupled (DDCC) rectifier is an important type of rectifier for radio-frequency energy harvesting. In this study, the analytical model of a DDCC rectifier is derived. With this model, optimisation procedures for most power-efficient rectifiers are derived. The model is verified extensively with Spectre simulations using the more complicated BSIM transistor model. Simulation results are further verified with measurements from reported rectifier designs. This study shows that DDCC rectifiers with the efficiency of 80.7% could ideally be achieved with −30 dBm sensitivity following the optimisation procedures introduced in this work.