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India’s nuclear strategy twenty years later: From reluctance to maturation

ABSTRACT This article traces the evolution of India’s nuclear strategy over the past 20 years, as it went from reluctant nuclear power to a mature nuclear weapons nation. It explores the various doctrinal and postural choices India has made, and confronts, as its threat environment evolves and as its institutions have matured. Most notably, it analyzes various options to address the dilemma of Pakistan’s tactical nuclear weapons threat, and how India can adjust its nuclear posture and strategy to possibly escape the paralysis induced by that threat.