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Determination of the line tension based on shape fluctuations of medium-sized vacancy islands on Ag(100)

A variable temperature fast-scanning tunneling microscope is used to investigate the shape fluctuations of medium-sized two-dimensional vacancy islands on Ag(100) in the size range from ≈ 10 to ≈ 50 atoms and within a temperature range between 165 K and 177 K. Based on the theory of equilibrium fluctuations, the average step stiffness is determined to be . Our study extends the applicability of the shape fluctuation method down to surprisingly small vacancy island sizes.