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Alexander Russell and the Aleppo Ulcer

Discerning travelers have given us a wealth of information about the natural history of exotic diseases, particularly cutaneous leishmaniasis. Perhaps because of its rather characteristic appearance, old world cutaneous leishmaniasis caught the attention of many itinerant laymen and physicians during the 18th and 19th centuries. Known by such terms as Oriental sore, Baghdad boil, and the Aleppo ulcer, cutaneous leishmaniasis was, and of course still is, endemic in many parts of Asia and Africia. A prominent 18th century Scottish physician, Alexander Russell, has provided one of the earliest and most lucid descriptions of the disease and some remarkable insights concerning treatment and prevention. A few of his contemporaries and early successors amplified his observations, and together they fashioned a valuable legacy concerning the natural history of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Middle East.