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Phytogeographic study on the Holocene hypsithermal relict plant populations in the Korean peninsula

ABSTRACT: The Holocene Hypsithermal Interval(or climatic optimum) was the warmest post-glacial period:temperatures rose to as much as 1-4 o C above present temperatures. We hypothesize that southern plantsexpanded northward and upward during the Hypsithermal Interval. The Hypsithermal relict populations aredefined as populations which distribute mainly in Is. Cheju and Southern subregions and have populations ofshort-distance dispersion separated by more than 100 km from the nearest distribution. The Hypsithermal relictspecies were identified and their distributions were mapped based on botanical floras and checklist, herbariaspecimens, ecological studies, and field surveys of selected species. Evaluation of the hypothesis was based onreviews of published pollen stratigraphic and paleoecological studies. The results showed that the HoloceneHypsithermal relicts such as Corylopsis coreana Uyeki, Carpinus turczaninowii Hance, Stewartia koreanaNakai ex Rehder were expanded northward during the Holocene Hypsithermal Interval.