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Clostridium botulinum type C intoxication in feedlot steers being fed ensiled poultry litter.

Three cross-bred, beef steers were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Montreal with a chief complaint of sudden generalized weakness and recumbency. Approximately 15 other steers with similar clinical signs had died during the past week on the same farm. Postmortem examination of 2 animals showed no macroscopic lesions. The animals were fed a ration consisting of 60% dry corn, 20% ensiled chicken litter, 13% whole potatoes, 3% timothy haylage, 3% prepared milk by-product, and 3.3 grams/head/d mineral supplement. On arrival at the feedlot, steers had been immunized against clostridial diseases and Haemophilus somnus (Fermicon 7 Somnugen, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Burlington, Ontario), respiratory diseases (Horizon-IV, Bayvet Concord, Ontario; TSV-2, SmithKline Beecham, Mississauga, Ontario), and gram-negative endotoxemia (Endovac, Bayvet, Concord, Ontario). The feedlot housed several hundreds of cross-bred animals ranging from 250 to 500 kg. Most affected animals were from a lot that housed 250 animals. On admission, the 3 steers were in sternal recumbency and unable to stand, even if they were stimu-lated and given assistance. On physical examination, the absence of ruminal contractions was noticed. Neurological examination revealed a slight lack of tail tone, and tetraparesis was suspected. Tongue tone was assessed to be normal and oral examination was unremarkable. Two of the 3 animals were able to eat and drink normally. Vital signs as evaluated on arrival were within normal range (rectal temperature: 38.2°C to 38.7°C, heart rate: 60 to 80 beats/min, and respiratory rate: 20 to 24 breaths/ min). The pupillary light response was diminished and a slight mydriasis was noticed in both eyes.