{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02540272614622057, 'fraction_numerical': 0.019206939281288724, 'mean_word_length': 4.959409594095941, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Downregulation of GPR4 and TCF7 Enhances Apoptosis and Decreases Growth and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND
G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) has been reported to play an essential role in regulating the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. GPR4 is also suggested play roles in the growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the function of GPR4 and transcription factor 7 (TCF7) in ovarian cancer.


METHODS
The expression levels of genes involved in Wnt signaling were validated by quantitative real-time-PCR (q-RT-PCR). The effects of GPR4 and TCF7 on ovarian cancer cell invasion and apoptosis were determined using soft agar, Transwell assay and flow cytometric assay. Protein levels of beta-catenin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated by Western blotting.


RESULTS
In this study, we found that GPR4 and TCF7 had the capacity to control cell division by altering cell cycle distribution, anchorage-independent growth, and directional cell motility of ovarian cancer cell, A2780. Also, we showed that knockdown of GPR4 and TCF7 in ovarian cancer cells A2780 induced significantly decreased cell growth and decreased invasion, as well as increased apoptosis. Down-regulation of TCF7 resulted in the decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 level.


CONCLUSION
The results implicate that GPR4 behaves like an oncogene and may function through WNT pathway molecule, TCF7. Downregulation of GPR4 and TCF7 essentially inhibited cell growth and invasion and enhanced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, which may lay the foundation of ovarian cancer treatment.