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CONCEPT OF KARNANADA (TINNITUS) IN CORRELATION WITH MODERN COUNTERPART

Śālākya Tantra is one among the eight branches of Aṣṭānga Āyurveda. Śālākya Tantra deals with diseases that affect part above the neck like eyes, nose, throat, ear, and head. Karṇanāda is one among twenty eight Karṇarogas explained in Suśruta Saṁhitā, Bhāvaprakāśa and Yoga- Ratnākara. Karṇanāda can be correlated to the tinnitus in modern literature. When the Vāta gets localised in the channels of the ear the patient hears various types of sound like those of a Bherī (bulge/drum), Mṛdanga, Śaṁkha etc. are known as Karṇanāda.  Tinnitus is defined as a phantom auditory perception-it is a perception of sound without corresponding acoustic or mechanical correlates in the cochlea. The prevalence of tinnitus in the adult population is estimated to range from 6% to 19%. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Treatments for tinnitus include Snigdha Virecana, Nāḍi Sweda, Piṇḍa Sweda, Dhūpana, Basti Karma Nāvana, Abhyanga, Karṇapūraṇa and in modern literature medical and surgical, pharmacotherapy, acoustic therapy, counseling and education, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), tinnitus retraining therapy, and electrical stimulation. This paper reviews the characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments of tinnitus in Āyurveda and modern.