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Tip-to-Middle Anisotropic MOF-on-MOF Growth with a Structural Adjustment.

Well-organized construction of hybrid metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with complicated structures or components is a great importance because of their potential usefulness. In this regard, the conjugation of more than two MOFs, which have dissimilar components and/or structures, is a smart strategy for the production of hybrid MOFs. A MOF-on-MOF growth is fundamental for the conjugation of two MOFs and should be deeply understood for the fine-controlled conjugation and for the formation of well-organized hybrid MOFs. Herein, we report an interesting MOF growth process for the construction of hybrid MOF particles containing heterogeneous components and cell lattices. Interestingly, even though a newly grown MOF and a MOF template have mismatched cell lattices, the anisotropic growth results in unexpectedly well-defined core-shell-type hybrid MOFs. Comprehensive monitoring of the growth process revealed a tip-to-middle MOF-on-MOF growth, which elucidates the uncommon formation of a well-defined core-shell hybrid despite the anisotropic growth. A tip-to-middle anisotropic growth process is accompanied with self-adjustment of MOF cell lattices to anchor on the template surface having mismatched cell lattices in the early reaction stage, and self-reversion of cell lattices to the original comfortable configuration in the middle stage of the reaction.