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Different immune responses after intradermal and intramuscular administration of vaccine against tick‐borne encephalitis virus

A single multisite intradermal (ID) administration of the same dose used for regular intramuscular (IM) immunisation with vaccine against tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) resulted in seroconversion of all vaccinees within three weeks: with the regular IM schedule, two vaccinations were necessary for all vaccinees to seroconvert. After the first ID vaccination, antibodies of the IgM class against TBEV (anti‐TBEV‐IgM) were observed in all vaccinees; after the first IM vaccination, only three out of nine vaccinees showed an IgM response. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti‐TBEV‐IgM in seropositives was 5–20‐fold higher in the ID group and similar to that after natural infection. The GMT of antibodies of the IgG class against TBEV (anti‐TBEV‐IgG) was also higher in the ID group but with a less marked difference. Hemagglutination‐inhibiting (HI) antibodies appeared earlier and persisted longer after one or two ID injections; after a third vaccination, HI antibody levels were similar in both groups.