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Free thermal convection in complex plasma with background-gas friction.

The onset of free thermal convection in complex fluids with background friction is theoretically investigated. It is shown that in the limit when friction prevails--opposite to the classic Rayleigh-Bénard case--the onset is determined by a renormalized Rayleigh number and also depends on the Prandtl number. Such convection should be observable in experiments with complex plasmas.