{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017899761336515514, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002386634844868735, 'mean_word_length': 5.356060606060606, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Comparison of carrier signal voltage and current injection for the estimation of flux angle or rotor position

The focus of this paper is on a comparative analysis of position, velocity, and flux estimation in AC machines based on the injection of a carrier signal superimposed on the fundamental excitation. Specifically the paper compares methods based on voltage and current injection and develops guidelines on their respective use. To provide a basis for fair comparison, the paper addresses two problems of carrier signal current injection: (1) the regulation of high frequency currents with current regulators of limited bandwidth (regulation of the carrier signals with zero steady-state error is necessary to avoid loss of spatial information); and (2) the extraction of the spatial information contained in the induced voltages.