{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027243589743589744, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02564102564102564, 'mean_word_length': 5.308080808080808, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Study of three-dimensional osteometric scaling schemes applied on musculoskeletal models

Our objective is to elaborate and propose a mechanical model of coxo-femoral joint taking into account muscular actions in order to correctly estimate strains and stresses distribution in bony structures. For this, coordinates of muscular origins and insertions have to be precisely determined for the tested subject. By now, it is quite difficult to directly obtain these data on invivo subject. Consequently, these values are often estimated from the literature. Several authors determined origins and insertions of lower limb muscles by dissecting cadavers (Brand, 1982; Kepple 1998). White (1989), Dostal (1981) identified these attachment points on dry bones. Others (Chao 1993; Arnold 2000) estimated these coordinates from MR and CT images. The main difficulty when using these musculoskeletal models is to adapt these values to the tested subject morphology. In literature, various scaling schemes (Brand, 1982; Sommer, 1982) exist in order to correct the coordinates of muscles attachment points. As a first step, we present here a study of the influence of muscular origins and insertions location on loading conditions at hip joint during walking.