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Breast Cancer Recognition Using Saliency-Based Spiking Neural Network

The spiking neural networks (SNNs) use event-driven signals to encode physical information for neural computation. SNN takes the spiking neuron as the basic unit. It modulates the process of nerve cells from receiving stimuli to firing spikes. Therefore, SNN is more biologically plausible. Although the SNN has more characteristics of biological neurons, SNN is rarely used for medical image recognition due to its poor performance. In this paper, a reservoir spiking neural network is used for breast cancer image recognition. Due to the difficulties of extracting the lesion features in medical images, a salient feature extraction method is used in image recognition. The salient feature extraction network is composed of spiking convolution layers, which can effectively extract the features of lesions. Two temporal encoding manners, namely, linear time encoding and entropy-based time encoding methods, are used to encode the input patterns. Readout neurons use the ReSuMe algorithm for training, and the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) is employed to optimize the network architecture to further improve the reservoir SNN performance. Three modality datasets are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show an accuracy of 97.44% for the BreastMNIST database. The classification accuracy is 98.27% on the mini-MIAS database. And the overall accuracy is 95.83% for the BreaKHis database by using the saliency feature extraction, entropy-based time encoding, and network optimization.