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Genetic Circuits to Detect Nanomaterial Triggered Toxicity through Engineered Heat Shock Response Mechanism.

Biocompatibility assessment of nanomaterials has been of great interest due to their potential toxicity. However, conventional biocompatibility tests are short of providing a fast toxicity report. We developed a whole cell based biosensor to track biocompatibility of nanomaterials with the aim of providing fast feedback to engineer them with lower toxicity levels. We engineered promoters of four heat shock response (HSR) proteins utilizing synthetic biology approaches. As an initial design, a reporter coding gene was cloned to downstream of the promoter regions selected. Initial results indicated that native heat shock protein (HSP) promoter regions were not very promising to generate signals with low background signals. Introducing riboregulators to native promoters eliminated unwanted background signal almost entirely. Yet, this approach also led a decrease in expected sensor signal upon stress treatment. Thus, a repression based genetic circuit, inspired from HSR mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was constructed. These genetic circuits could report the toxicity of quantum dot nanoparticles in one hour. Our designed nanoparticle toxicity sensors can provide quick reports which can lower the demand for additional experiments with more complex organisms.