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Impact of Hovering Inaccuracy on UAV-Aided RFET

In this letter, the impact of hovering inaccuracy on the performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided RF energy transfer (RFET) is investigated. Hovering inaccuracy is measured by localization and orientation mismatch of UAV while it hovers above a sensor of interest. An analytical framework is presented that captures these mismatches, and its impact on the performance of UAV-aided RFET is studied. To evaluate the performance, a metric called mismatch index is defined as the ratio of loss in harvested power due to mismatch and harvested power without mismatch. A closed-form expression of the distribution of mismatch index is obtained. A UAV-based experimental setup is developed to collect the data of hovering inaccuracy parameters, and the performance is investigated for three antenna types with different radiation patterns. It is observed that, the optimal deployment height of UAV increases as the antenna becomes more directional.