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Audio Authenticity and Tampering Detection based on Information Hiding and Collatz p-bit Code

A fragile watermarking algorithm for audio authenticity and tampering detection is presented. To generate the mark, a user-input text is used, which is spread by means of variable length binary codes obtained from Collatz conjecture. The embedding process is done in wavelet domain through quantization index modulation, and to mark the entire signal, a block repetition code is applied. The proposed method allows to identify the zones where the signal has been tampered with high accuracy. Experimental results show that the marked signal (i.e. protected audio signal) has high transparency, and allow tampering detection with high accuracy (overall accuracy above 99.5%, kappa index above 98%) and zero false alarms in most cases. Finally, as far as we know, the Collatz conjecture for authenticity purposes is used for the first time in this paper.