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Precise Temporal Association between Cortical Potentials Evoked by Motor Imagination and Afference Induces Cortical Plasticity

Key points  •  Here we use the naturally generated brain activation when a person imagines a simple movement and combine this with the afferent inflow that would be generated had the movement been performed rather than imagined. •  We show that the excitability of the neural projections connecting the relevant brain areas to the target muscle is increased only when the afferent inflow arrives during the highest activation phase. •  Furthermore, the changes are specific to the task and the neural connections between the brain and muscle involved in the task. •  This novel intervention will open up the possibilities to alter afferent‐generated feedback depending on the demands of the movement to be performed.