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Nonlinear lower-hybrid drift solitons in inhomogeneous plasmas

We investigate the nonlinear lower-hybrid wave in inhomogeneous plasmas with finite electron temperature by using the two-fluid theory. A localized soliton is found and the relationships of the amplitude and width of the soliton with the electron temperature gradient are derived. Furthermore, we consider the effect of electron number density κne0 on the profile of the soliton and find that the perturbed density collapses and forms density cavities when κne0 is above a certain value.