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MHD numerical study of the latitudinal deflection of coronal mass ejection

In this paper, we analyze and quantitatively study the deflection of coronal mass ejection (CME) in the latitudinal direction during its propagation from the Corona to interplanetary (IP) space using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation. To this end, 12 May 1997 CME event during the Carrington rotation 1922 is selected. First, we try to reproduce the physical properties for this halo CME event observed by the WIND spacecraft. Then, we study the deflection of CME, and quantify the effect of the background magnetic field and the initiation parameters (such as the initial magnetic polarity and the parameters of the CME model) on the latitudinal deflection of CMEs. The simulations show that the initial magnetic polarity substantially affects the evolution of CMEs. The “parallel” CMEs (with the CME's initial magnetic field parallel to that of the ambient field) originating from high latitude show a clear Equatorward deflection at the beginning and then propagate almost parallel to heliospheric current sheet and the “antiparallel” CMEs (with the CME's initial magnetic field opposite to that of the ambient field) deflect toward the pole. Our results demonstrate that the latitudinal deflection extent of the “parallel” CMEs is mainly controlled not only by the background magnetic field strength but also by the initial magnetic field strength of the CMEs. There is an anticorrelation between the latitudinal deflection extent and the CME average transit speed and the energy ratio Ecme/Esw.