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Radiative Effects of Airborne Dust on Regional Energy Budgets at the Top of the Atmosphere

Abstract The effects of dust on the radiative energy budget at the top of the atmosphere were investigated using model calculations and measurements from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Estimates of the dust optical depth were made from observations of the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Model calculations of the radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere were compared with ERBE measurements made during a dust outbreak that occurred over the Saudi Arabian peninsula during July 1985. Measurements of the ERBE over the oceanic regions indicated that the presence of the dust increased the clear-sky shortwave radiative exitance (SWRE) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) by 40–90 W m−2. Over the desert regions the differences in the SWRE between clear and dust-laden regions were difficult to determine from the satellite observations. In contrast, the presence of dust over the ocean decreased the observed longwave radiative exitance (LWRE) at the TOA by 5–20 W m−2, while over th...