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NIDCAP: New Controversial Evidence for Its Effectiveness

In the early 1980s, Als conceptualized the “synactive” theory of child development and established the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP).1,2 This program requires trained caregivers to observe neonatal behaviors before, during, and after caregiving interventions and provide recommendations for care by staff and parents. These recommendations are often generalized to include reductions in noise and light levels, aids to promote flexion and self-regulation, clustering of care, and parental involvement.