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Effect of Bacillus spp. strains on wheat nutrient assimilation and bioformulation by new spray drying approach using natural phosphate powder

Abstract The present work is aiming to propose a new formulation of Bacillus spp. strains in combination with natural phosphate by spray drying. Bacillus sp. strain (SS0306) has proven its plant growth promoting effectiveness mainly on phosphate solubilization capacity and improved nutrient assimilation in wheat plants. Bacterial microencapsulation methods involved spray-drying assays that were conducted using 5% of rock phosphate with 2%–10% of maltodextrin and 2% of alginic acid sodium salt. The process parameters were also optimized with inlet temperature (155 °C), feed rate (9 min mL−1), and spray air rate (413.87 L h−1). Results showed a moisture content of the dried powders ranged between 2% and 8% and satisfactory viability levels of Bacillus sp. SS0306 (105–106 CFU g−1) after drying assay, with the survival rates between 61.56% and 64.18%. Optimized process reached 50.30% and 65.10% for the product yield, with 1.25 ± 0.006 mg g−1 of higher Pi content observed in rock phosphate formulations based on Alg 2%. The present study opens new possibilities to develop Bio-mineral fertilizers using the spray drying approach.