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MR imaging of coronary artery flow in isolated and in vivo hearts

Methods for imaging flow in coronary arteries with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques are demonstrated in isolated heart preparations and live animal models. Coronary artery flow was first imaged with a flow‐compensated gradient‐echo pulse sequence in isovolumic and working perfused rat hearts and then in vivo. A bolus tracking technique was used to measure flow velocity in the coronary arteries. Ultrafast gradient‐echo imaging techniques were then applied, with high resolution obtained by combining the information from several cardiac cycles. A stimulated‐echo pulse sequence was demonstrated as a method for performing coronary angiography by flow tagging in isovolumic perfused hearts. This report describes the results of coronary flow MR imaging in isolated rat hearts and live mice and rats. The general approach has proved useful in evaluating new methods for coronary MR angiography and should permit wellcontrolled studies of pathologic conditions. This ability to image coronary flow in isolated hearts and in small animals should permit integrated MR studies of coronary flow, myocardial perfusion, myocardial metabolism, and cellular ionic status.