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Reasons that lead pregnant and parturient women to opt for cesarean section: Integrative review

The high rates of cesarean sections in Brazil have generated risks for the binomial when performed indiscriminately and without clinical indication. Objective: To identify the reasons that led pregnant women and parturients to opt for cesarean section according to the literature. Methods: This is an integrative review. Inclusion criteria for: articles were those that answer the research question, published in Portuguese or Spanish, between 2010 and 2020, fully available online. Exclusion criteria were systematic or integrative review and others types of publication such as theses, dissertations, memorial and manuals. The databases that were used: The Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and the Nursing Database (BDENF). Results: The reasons that led pregnant women's and parturients to opt for cesarean were: advanced maternal age; cultural patterns such as beliefs, customs and reproduction of family experiences; fear of feeling pain in labor; the influence of the media; higher socioeconomic level; higher education and prenatal care and delivery performed in the private sector. Futhermore, cesarean section is seen by women as a safe choice. The women’s passivity and lack of autonomy in front of the doctor; the fear of changing the body and the process of sexuality; the continuous follow up of the doctor during parturition and the ease of scheduling were also reasons given for the cesarean section. Conclusion: Given these reasons, it’s suggested that health education in a problematizing perspective promoted by about the different types of delivery, will subsidize the choice of women, rescuing their leading role in this process.