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Liposomes embark on rescue mission to make highly toxic drugs more useful.

DRUGS ARE intended to "rescue" patients from disease, but liposome technology may rescue some drugs whose use now is limited by dose-related toxicity, according to investigators conducting or planning clinical trials of liposomal formulations for this purpose. While questions remain about the feasibility and efficacy of liposome-encapsulated drugs, they are further along the path to the bedside than many other targeted drug-delivery systems. (Please see accompanying article.) One recent review predicts that more than a dozen therapies based on this technique will reach market within the decade ( Sci Am , January 1987, pp 103-111). Liposomes are based on a simple principle: oil and water don't mix. Phospholipids, the stuff of cell membranes, are amphipathic—they have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Adding water to phospholipids forces them to form bilayered vesicles, resulting in the formation of small lipid membranes enclosing water. During vesicle formation, lipid-soluble drug molecules can be incorporated