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ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq combined analysis elucidates the impact of BORIS/CTCFL on melanoma progression, mediated by chromatin accessibility and gene expression alterations

Melanoma accounts for most deaths form skin cancer, since it metastasizes early, and it usually diagnosed at an advance stage. Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS), also known as CCCTC binding factor-Like (CTCFL), is a transcriptional modulator that becomes aberrantly expressed in melanoma. Yet, the role of BORIS in melanoma remains elusive, in our latest study we sought to uncover its effect on the biological processes and pathways in melanoma cells lines, by using a doxycycline inducible system ectopic BORIS expression, we investigated its effect on chromatin accessibility at genes promoters and transcriptomics changes, utilizing Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq) and RNA-Seq respectively. A differential analysis revealed BORIS target genes and transcription factors (TFs) it governs, in its role as a tumor driver factor. It targets include an over representation of oncogenes, specially upregulated tumor progressors associated with an invasive phenotype such as PDL-1, CTLA4 and GDF6, a known metastatic driver gene. In addition, activators TFs include TEAD4, STAT6 and SP1, while repressed TFs are known tumor suppressors, such as P53,P73 and SOX10. Together, these findings situate BORIS as a potential factor that can lead to an invasiveness phenotype, which drive melanoma progression towards metastatic dissemination.