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The Literature of Song: Kantai and Wainaina’s “Joka” as Syncretic Multi-Text

By some estimates Kenyan art, and in particular the verbal arts, are going through a renaissance. As Binyavanga Wainaina stated four years ago, these creative impulses mark the indigenous expressive power of the Kenyan people themselves and, while these works of art may make use of foreign techniques, technology and formal characteristics, they are not controlled by them (2003: 6). Scholars have also noted the development of new and potentially radical trends within Kenyan literary discourse. Grace Musila has stressed that An interesting development in East African literary studies has been the increasing critical attention paid to popular literature and popular culture. Recent critical writing in the region desists from treating popular literature as a database for sociology; rather opens them up to literaryanalysis with an innovation to match the works themselves. (2006: 77)