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Individual differences and reliability of paired associates learning in younger and older adults.

The authors modeled individual nonlinear trajectories of learning using structured latent growth curves based on an exponential function with 3 parameters: initial performance, learning rate, and asymptotic performance. The 3 parameters showed reliable individual differences and the between-parameter correlations indicated that participants with high learning rates recalled more items initially. The asymptotic performance was unrelated to the learning rate and the initial performance. In addition, age and speed of information processing were included in the analyses. Age mainly affected negatively the asymptotic and the initial performance whereas speed of information processing affected the learning rate positively. Reliability estimates based on 2 similar learning conditions were moderate overall.