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CHARACTERIZING RISKS TO LIVESTOCK FROM PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

Livestock may be exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons at or near exploration and production sites and, in these cases, there may be a need to estimate potential risks to these receptors. A framework was developed to 1) determine when livestock should be included in a risk evaluation and 2) estimate risks of petroleum hydrocarbon exposure to livestock. A conceptual site model was developed to assess whether complete and significant exposure pathways exist at a given site. To estimate potential risks, toxicity reference values (TRVs) and drinking water and soil risk-based screening levels (RBSLs) for petroleum hydrocarbons, including crude oil; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were developed for a variety of livestock receptors. The TRVs and RBSLs developed for this framework were comparable to human health RBSLs and other published livestock guidelines.