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Respiratory muscle training in athletes with cervical spinal cord injury: effects on cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity

The effect of combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on resting and reflexive cardiac function, as well as exercise capacity, in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is presently unknown. Six weeks of combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle training enhances both inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength in highly‐trained athletes with cervical SCI with no significant effect on lung function. There was a significant decrease in left‐ventricular filling and stroke volume at rest in response to 45° head‐up tilt, which is irreversible by respiratory muscle training. Combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle training increased peak aerobic work rate and reduced end‐expiratory lung volumes during exercise, which may have implications for left‐ventricular filling during exercise.