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Mode partition noise in multi-transverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

ABSTRACT Relative intensity noise spectra of weakly index guided VCSELs in a multitransverse mode regime are analyzedby using a model that takes into account all the transverse modes supported by the waveguide. Several resonancepeaks are obtained in the noise spectra that correspond to the relaxation oscillation frequencies of the transverse modes. In is shown that for low spatially overlapping transverse modes, low RIN operation can be maintained. However, the excitation of transverse modes with a significant mode overlap leads to a clear enhancement of theRIN at low frequencies. Keywords: Semiconductor Lasers, Vertical cavity lasers, Transverse modes, Relative Intensity Noise 1. INTRODUCTION Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are highly attractive light sources for applications in intercon- nections and optical communications, because of their useful characteristics such as single longitudinal modeoperation, low threshold current, circular output beam, and wafer scale integration.'2 An important consider-ation for such applications of VCSELs is the understanding of their noise characteristics. Several experimentalstudies of the relative intensity noise (RIN) in VCSELs have been performed.39 In general the noise perfor-inance of VCSELs operating in the fundamental mode is comparable to that of edge emitting lasers. However,