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The Mechanism of Action of Salsolinol in Brain: Implications in Parkinson's Disease.

1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol, commonly known as salsolinol, is a compound derived from dopamine. It was first discovered in 1973 and has gained attention for its role in Parkinson's disease. Salsolinol and its derivatives were claimed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease as a neurotoxin that induces apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons due to its structural similarity to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its ability to induce Parkinsonism. In this article, we discussed the biosynthesis, distribution and blood brain barrier permeability of salsolinol. The roles of salsolinol in healthy brain, particularly the interactions with enzymes, hormone and catecholamine were reviewed. Finally, we discussed the involvement of salsolinol and its derivatives in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.