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Plasma exchange in renal allograft rejection.

Circulating anti-HLA antibodies against mismatched donor antigen have been found in 7 patients during acute rejection episodes, where renal biopsy showed severe vascular lesions. 4 patients were submitted to combined therapy with plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide, while the other 3 were treated by cyclophosphamide alone. In the 4 patients treated plasmapheresis induced a rapid disappearance of circulating cytotoxic antibodies, which remained negative in 3 cases where cyclophosphamide was continued after plasmapheresis. No change in antibody occurred in the three cases treated by cyclophosphamide alone. Renal function showed an improvement in 3 of the 4 patients treated by plasma exchange; all patients on drug therapy alone showed a rapid and progressive impairment of renal function and returned to RDT within 2 months.