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From Loot to Import Substitution: How India Changed Early Modern European Material Culture, Part 2

This article presents an overview of the different artistic forms exported from India and their impact on European artistic production during the early modern period until about 1800, when industrialized production in Europe gradually increased. Direct maritime access to South and Southeast Asia significantly increased the volume and variety of Indian goods arriving in Europe and broadened the impact they had on European material culture. The selection of product groups by the Portuguese was to a large extent influenced by what was accessible to them and what most impressed them. The study discusses the various stages of cultural transfers and the reception of Indian material culture between different cultural spheres. It highlights the global dimension of this exchange in which European merchants, especially the Portuguese, English, and Dutch, were vital agents between the continents.