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A Passive Tracking System with Decimeter-Level Accuracy Using IEEE 802.11 Signals

This paper presents a novel passive tracking system to localize a moving target using asynchronous self-locating receivers, which passively listen to the IEEE 802.11 signals transmitted by the target. We have developed passive single-antenna IEEE 802.11ac receivers that estimate time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) between multipath components at each receiver, and as such, they do not depend on synchronization between the target and the receivers. We have developed a new localization algorithm based on particle filtering (PF), which completes its execution in real-time within 1 s for each target location to be estimated. The performance is demonstrated experimentally and shown to have a target localization error below 30 cm for all the target locations.