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The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of 1,2-decanediol and willow bark extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated keratinocytes.

BACKGROUND
The 1,2-decanediol (S-Mal) is an organic compound belonging to the 1,2- alkanediol family, with two hydroxyl groups located on the first and second carbon of the alkane chain, probably responsible for the enhanced anti-bacterial efficacy. The willow bark total extract (W-Mal) has been used since thousands of years as an herbal remedy for its antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. S-Mal is used in cosmetic preparations, whether W- Mal can be topically or systemically administered. Aim of our study was to evaluate in vitro the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of S-Mal and W-Mal, singularly or in combination, in LPS-stimulated keratinocytes.


METHODS
The possible toxic effect of S-Mal and W-Mal was assessed through analysis of cell viability 24h after treatment. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β production as well as cellular antioxidants (GSH and NADPH) consumption, respectively, 24 and 48h after LPS stimulation.


RESULTS
Both substances resulted able to: i) increase cell viability (P < 0.05), ii) decrease the release of inflammatory mediators (IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β) (P < 0.05- P < 0.001), and iii) limit the depletion of cellular antioxidants (GSH and NADPH) (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
S-Mal and W-Mal have shown a potential cytoprotective activity when used together, and good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects when used either singularly or in combination. In light of our results, S-Mal and W-Mal could represent effective and safe options in the management of bacterial-induced or aggravated skin conditions.