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Sodium and kidney disease.

Salt is essential and important for maintaining life. Excess salt intake produces an increase in blood pressure. In several subpopulations of patients with hypertension, such as those with obesity, post-menopausal women, and patients with chronic kidney diseases, for example, salt sensitivity is based on a pressure-natriuresis mechanism. In this mechanism, neuro-humoral regulation is mainly responsible for sodium handling. In addition, NO has a powerful effect on the pressure-natriuresis mechanism. Based on this mechanism, progression of chronic kidney disease is governed by salt uptake. Moreover, a genetic component for salt sensitivity is important in normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension. In these regards, modulation of salt is of utmost importance in the fields of hypertension and nephrology.