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Mandarin dialect phylogeny

This paper investigates the phylogenetic relationships (the relationships of shared ancestry) of ten Chinese dialects: eight generally classified as Mandarin, and two others (Chángshā 長沙 and Hángzhōu 杭州). Using six of the Mandarin dialects, a ‘Proto-Macro-Mandarin’ (PMM) phonological system is reconstructed, from which the other four dialects also appear to be derivable. Taking 29 phonological innovations as a basis, the phylogeny of the ten dialects is estimated using a technique borrowed from biology (Camin-Sokal parsimony). The results suggest that a classification of Chinese dialects based on phylogeny could be rather different from the generally accepted classification.