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A clinico-histopathological analysis and bacillary index in a study of skin biopsy of leprosy

Introduction: Leprosy is one of the leading causes of physical disabilities contributing to intense social stigma resulting in human discrimination. This chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae principally affects skin and peripheral nerve. It can also include muscle, eyes, bones, testis and internal organs. Histopathology study and bacillary index is important in understanding the disease progression, diagnosis, varied manifestation and complications. Method: All cases attending the skin OPD were examined clinically and skin biopsy specimen was obtained from clinically diagnosed cases of Leprosy and stained with Hematoxylin& Eosin and modifiedFiteFaraco (AFB). The clicical diagnosis correlated with histopathology in all 100 cases. Result: The age of the patients was ranged from 4 to 80 years. The male to female ratio patients was 3 to 1. Borderline Tuberculoid was the most common presentation. Highest parity was observed in BT and Histioid leprosy. Clinico- histopathological agreement was seen in 76(76%) cases. Conclusion: The clinical and histopathological features along with bacteriological index are useful than any single parameter in arriving definitive diagnosis and classification of the leprosy.