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Devonian goniatite biostratigraphy and timing of facies movements in the Frasnian of eastern North America

Abstract The conjunction of detailed goniatite and conodont biostratigraphy has enabled correlation of the Frasnian and adjacent strata of New York with the international standards. A regional goniatite zonation is proposed and as part of the documentation a new Frasnian goniatite assigned to the Triainoceratidae is described as Wellsites tynani n.gen. n. sp. The zonation has enabled documentation of the timing and extent of facies movements associated with the Catskill Delta and more easterly deposits in New York State. The broad pattern is one of westward progradation of shallower, more clastic facies. Pulses of deeper water sedimentation, represented by black shale facies indicating anoxic/hypoxic conditions, punctuate the succession and give marker levels. Typically, these black shales initiate shallowing upward cycles. The major pulses are represented by the Tully, Geneseo, Renwick, Genundewa, Middlesex, Rhinestreet, Pipe Creek and Dunkirk units. The cycles enable estimates to be made of deepening against a subsiding shelf; the Rhinestreet Shale represents the greatest. Evidence is given on the regional extent of some of these. International comparison suggests some of these cycles represent global, rather than local events. Microcycles at the Milankovitch Band level also show thin black shales suggesting that climatic control has a bearing on facies developments. General comment is made on the factors controlling local and eustatic changes.