{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.036914339801230475, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007887679444707366, 'mean_word_length': 4.975494816211121, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CARISTIANUS (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROIDEA: ACHILIDAE) FROM MAOLAN NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE IN GUIZHOU, CHINA

Abstract Two new species of Caristianus Distant (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidae: Achilidae), C. maolanensis Chen and Li sp. nov. and C. liaoi Chen and Tsai sp. nov., are described from specimens collected in Maolan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province, China. Male genitalia of the new species are illustrated and a dorsal habitus is provided for the male of C. maolanensis. A key for identifying the species of Caristianus is included.

During the course of studying biodiversity in Maolan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province, southwest China, two fulgorid specimens belonging to the unknown species of the genus Caristianus Distant were found. The purpose of this paper is to describe two new species and to provide an identification key to the species of Caristianus .
The distinctive characters used by Fennah (1950) and Chou et al. (1994) are modified as follows: Head with eyes distinctly narrower than pronotum. Vertex slightly declivous, longer in middle than broad across base (1.2-1.9:1), produced before eyes for about half of their length; median carina present, obsolete distally; disk strongly depressed; anterior margin carinate, strongly convex; lateral margins carinate, straight, diverging basad; posterior margin transverse. Frons moderately convex in profile, longer in middle line than broad (1.3-1.9:1), widest part about three times as wide as base; basal margin convex-truncate; median carina distinct, percurrent; lateral margins carinate, sinuately diverging to level of antennae then gradually incurved to suture, rather obliquely foliate; disk of frons not depressed. Clypeus more than half as long as frons, medially and laterally carinate. Rostrum with subapical segment shorter than apical. Antennae subglobose, not sunk in a depression. Ocelli touching eyes. Eyes distinctly excavate beneath, only slightly overlapping pronotum.
Pronotum moderately short, about as long behind eyes as in middle line; anterior margin of disk truncate, posterior margin angulately excavate; median carina present; lateral carinae of disk straight, diverging basad, attaining hind margin, each not quite as long as median carina; two incomplete carinae between eye and tegula; pronotum laterad of disk slightly inclined anteroventrally; ventral margin of lateral lobes slightly oblique. Mesonotum longer than vertex and pronotum together, tricarinate, lateral carinae straight, weakly divergent. Tegulae not carinate. Posttibiae with a single spine basad of middle.
Anal segment of male broad at base and narrow at apex, distal margin convex, notched at middle. Pygofer with each lateral margin produced near middle in 1 twisted digitate process, with 1 small tooth on its outer side (Figs. 3 and 4). Medioventral process deeply bifid, each limb long spine-like, diverging distally, with 1-2 small teeth on each outer side near basal ⅓ (Fig. 4). Aedeagus swelling at apex, lateral margin sinuate, with 7-8 small teeth on each side. In ventral view, aedeagus with 2 strong processes produced from apex, directed ventrocephalad. Styles of aedeagus symmetrical, as long as aedeagus, diverging at middle and closing to each other distally (Figs. 6 and 7). Genital styles moderately expanding distad, sinuate on ventral and dorsal margin, with 2 simple teeth near middle and apex of dorsal margin, one slender, sinuate process originating from ventral margin and directed dorsad (Fig. 5).
Vertex yellowish brown, except for two stripes laterally, and 1 stripe on each side of median carina distally brown. Frons blackish brown, except for apical angle milky white and 5 spots on lateral margin yellowish brown. Eyes blackish brown, ocelli yellowish brown, marginally tinted with red. Antenna blackish brown. Clypeus blackish brown, except for apex ivory-yellow. Rostrum yellow, but apex blackish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum blackish brown, except for lateral carinae and areas between them yellowish brown. Tegmina infuscate, middle of costal area with 1 milky white longitudinal band, in which 1 small brown spot near Sc; posterior margin of clavus milky white, inside of second claval vein with 5 small milky white spots; with veins in this area concolorous, except those veins of apical half of tegmina red. Wings slightly tinged light brown, with veins dark brown. Legs ivory-yellow. Abdomen blackish brown.
Etymology. This new species is named after the type locality, Maolan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province.
Remarks. This new species is similar to C. asymmetries Chou et al., but differs from the latter in: smaller body; tegmina with Sc+R fork near basal ⅓ ; veins of apical half red; apical half aedeagus symmetry; genital styles with slender process near base.
Vertex yellowish brown, except for 2 stripes laterally, and a stripe on each side of median carina distally brown (Fig. 8). Frons with basal half blackish brown, apical half milky white and 5 spots on lateral margin yellowish brown. Eyes reddish brown, ocelli yellowish brown. Antenna blackish brown. Clypeus blackish brown, except for basal margin ivory-yellow and apex yellowish brown. Rostrum yellowish brown, but apex blackish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum blackish brown, except for lateral carinae of pronotum yellowish brown (Fig. 8). Tegmina infuscate, middle of costal area with 1 large milky yellow marking and 1 small milky yellow marking; posterior margin of clavus yellowish brown, inside of second claval vein with 3 milky white spots; with veins in this area concolorous (Fig. 10). Wings slightly tinged light brown, with veins dark brown. Legs yellowish brown. Abdomen blackish brown.
Etymology. This new species is named in honor of Ms. Q.-R. Liao, collector of the type specimens.
Remarks. This species is similar to C. cardinalis Fennah, but differs from the latter in: vertex shorter (longer in middle than broad across base about 1.4 × , not 1.9 × ); on tegmina, the base of costal cell without ivory yellow spots and the apical cells without short longitudinal fuscous-piceous stripes; pygofer with each lateral margin produced near middle in a tooth, not long process; medioventral process deeply bifid; aedeagus with two strong processes produced from subapical margin, directed ventrocephalad.