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Azoospermic Patients: Mosaic Pattern in Testicular Sperm Extraction

INTRODUCTION Advanced techniques of assisted reproduction have revolutionized treatment for male infertility. In particular, the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in combination with in vitro fertilization (IVF) has offered, for the first time, therapy with a high chance of producing a pregnancy from an azoospermic patient [1-4]. In addition, a number of novel techniques for spermatozoa retrieval have been introduced, including microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA), and testicular spermatozoa extraction (TESE) [3,5-9]. OBJECTIVE: To study the mosaic (focal) pattern of spermatogenesis in azoospermic patients.