{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013348164627363738, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010011123470522803, 'mean_word_length': 5.521739130434782, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Influence of Socioeconomic Disadvantages on Mathematics Achievement: A Multilevel Cohort Analysis

ABSTRACT Closing the achievement gap in public education is a worthy goal that has been included as a top priority in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (2002). This study analyzed the most salient predictors at the student and school levels to identify their long-term impact on mathematics achievement from the elementary grades to high school. The findings suggest that of all the individual factors Grade 3 mathematics achievement was the most crucial predictor for future mathematics achievement. Economic disadvantage at the student and school level has a negative impact on achievement. Furthermore, individual characteristics have approximately four times the predictive power of school-level characteristics. Implications of the findings are discussed with respect to educational policies.