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Community-Based Tourism Development at Gajah Mungkur Wonogiri Tourist Attraction

This study aims to identify: (1) the level and inhibiting factors of community participation, 2) the direction of community-based tourism development in Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam. The data were collected by field observation, documentation, and interviews with stakeholders in Wonogiri Multipurpose Reservoir Tourism Area. Data analysis are using descriptive qualitative and SWOT analysis accompanied by analysis of sustainable tourism development 3A (Attractions, Accessibility, Amenitas) as supporting data. The results of this research shows that: (1) the level of community participation is still low, and the inhibiting factor of public participation is the low of public perception about tourism potency and opportunity, the tourism object is only centered on one location, and spatial arrangement, (2) based on SWOT analysis, the direction of community-based tourism development is suggested, as resulted in increased tourist attraction in the Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam in the form of community involvement (planning-evaluation), spatial planning, and maximizing the promotion.


Introduction
Development is basically aimed to improve the welfare of the community in all fields. Development activities are led to improve the utilization of human resources and natural resources. The national development continues to be improved basically in economic growth to achieve basic needs, improve living standards and create job creation. The rapid development is marked by the improvement of progress in various fields, including the increase of development in the industry sector which in turn gives impact to the lives of community, both positive and negative impacts.
One sector being developed is the tourism sector. Nowadays, tourism field is a potential field in the development of a country since tourism is considered to bring a positive impact as a motor of economic activity in the country. Region with tourism potential can revive the economic activities of its surrounding community with the emergence of small to medium-sized enterprises, reduce unemployment, increase public revenues, and increase local revenues which will be re-used by the government to carry out development in the region and achieve prosperity [1]. In other words, tourism is an industry which is capable of generating rapid economic growth in providing employment, increasing incomes, living standards and stimulating other production factors. The development of the tourism sector is one way to reach a modernization which has brought many changes in human life as well as the way of environmental utilization.  Community involvement is essential to reduce the gap since the residents are the one who know the most what issues to solve and how they should solve them. It is generally assumed that local communities should be included in the planning and implementation of tourism because tourism activities should contribute to their welfare [7]. CBT tries to provide the question of how tourism can improve the process of community development, not on how people can benefit more from tourism [8].
The linkage between the economy of the local population, the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of local culture will result in sustainability [8]. It requires a strong commitment to nature and society to get the positive impacts such as preserving the natural environment and increasing the welfare of local communities.
The development of community-based tourism is a valuable and essential opportunity for community empowerment through community involvement in skills and self-confidence. Improving community empowerment is not the only key to community-based success, but for community development as a whole.
Based on the background of the problem, this study focused more on the analysis of tourism development in Gajag Mungkur Reservoir Tourism Area by prioritizing the concept of communitybased tourism development, so it is expected to provide significant benefits for the welfare of local communities equally and sustainably. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine: (1) levels and factors inhibiting community participation, and (2) direction of community-based tourism development in Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam.

Research methodology
This research is descriptive qualitative research (data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion) by using spatial approach. Population in this research is all perpetrators of tourism in Sendang village, Wonogiri. Tourism stakeholders consist of tourists, tourism managers, the tourism industry/service providers, supporting travel services, government, local communities, and non-governmental organizations. The sampling was done by Purposive Sampling and Accidental Sampling technique. Data collection can be done in various settings, various sources and various ways. Technique of collecting data in this research use observation, interview and documentation. Data validity using source triangulation techniques. Data analysis technique used in this research is SWOT analysis accompanied by analysis of sustainable tourism development 3A (Attractions, Accessibility, Amenitas) as supporting. SWOT analysis used to determine internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and external challenges or threats of a tourist attraction. The data obtained will be analyzed by using SWOT Analysis, which is comparing between internal and external factors in the form of EFAS matrix and IFAS matrix. These factors are used for reference in determining the direction of community-based tourism development.

Level of participation and inhibiting factors of community participation
The level of community participation in tourism development is viewed from 6 indicators: participation in planning, participation in investment, participation in implementation, participation in management, participation in the utilization of results and participation in evaluation. The following is the description seen in Table 1. There are tourist attractions shown by the community Public participation in the tourism area, such as markets (food stalls, souvenirs), services (parking, tour guide, boat), fishery (keramba) The community participates in maintaining security, comfort, order and cleanliness of the tourist area Society shows its understanding towards tourists Community also promotes Community tourism object Based on the results of interviews, it is broadly deriving some factors inhibiting public participation in the form of low public perceptions of tourism potentials and opportunities, tourism object is only centered on one location, and spatial arrangement that has not been optimal.

The direction for community-based tourism development
Based on SWOT analysis undertaken for the direction of community-based tourism development resulted in increased tourist attraction in Wonogiri Multipurpose Reservoir in the form of SWOT Matrix table, as the following Table 2.

Level of Participation and Inhibiting Factors of Community Participation
From the results of the study, it is explained that the level of public participation in the development of community-based tourism in the object of the Gajah Mungkur reservoir is still low because the level of power control for development and management is dominantly in the hands of the government. This is due to the low perception of the public about the potential and tourism opportunities, attractions are only centered on one location, and spatial arrangement. Changes in public perception can be urged by giving counseling, direction and explanation to the community, especially those living around the tourism object, about the importance of tourism or the benefits of tourism development for efforts to support regional economic development and improve the welfare of rural communities who live around attractions. This counseling will increase the knowledge of behavioral changes from the community of Sendang village on how to maintain the village environment and increase public awareness of the progress of the region by making it community-based tourism. It needs to be done spatial arrangement so that the tourism object is only centered on one location and the facilities available in the tourism object can be enjoyed evenly by the tourists so as to increase the opportunity of the surrounding community to open a business.
Based on the observation and information from the respondents, it is shown that the community has not been actively involved in the tourism sector, only a few people who work in the tourism sector such as food and beverage sellers at coastal tourism sites, jukung boat providers and some people working as hotel or villa employees. That exists, but the average community works as farmers.

Figure 1. Form of community participation
Community participation is a major support in the preparation of community-based tourism development planning. The main objective of the development is to focus more on the interests of the local community so that the programs are targeted and provide the greatest benefit to the local community. Ideally, the participation of the community is considered as an effort to foster the ability of the community to participate, so that the development process can reduce the burden and finally the development can be felt fairly and evenly [10]. Referring to the level of the level of participation is the strongest or high if the level of participation is at the level of community control which means that the power of development and management is entirely in the hands of the community [11].

The direction for community-based tourism development
The direction of tourism development based on SWOT analysis result is along with analysis of 3A Tourism Development (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenitas) as the following: (i) Involve the community in the development of community-based tourism from planning to evaluation, such as: Decision making on tourism development policy is more concerned about the community; The surrounding residents provide their homes as lodging for visitors who want to spend the night; Community participated in local cultural arts attractions and sales of food and beverage business and souvenirs typical of Sendang village, Wonogiri. (ii) Increase public human resource preparedness and establish the institution or organization of tourism supporters such as tourism conscious groups. Village community organizations / organizations have an important role in the sustainability of tourist villages so that the need to establish an organization such as tourism conscious groups. Increasing the ability of community human resources Sendang village, Wonogiri by conducting training, especially in the field of tourism, such as the prime service program of travel, training programs and enhancement of local art and culture. (ii) Provide counseling, guidance and explanation to the community, especially those who live around the tourism object, about the importance of tourism or the benefits of tourism development for efforts to support the development of regional economy and improve the welfare of rural communities who live around the attractions With this counseling will be increased knowledge of behavioral changes from the village community Sendang about how to maintain and maintain the village environment and increase public awareness of the progress of the region by making it community-based tourism. (iii) Conducting spatial arrangement of facilities and infrastructure so it is not centered in one location. (iv) Conducting community-based tourism promotion: Promotion of Printed Media, This kind of promotion is done by making banners, advertisements in newspapers, magazines, books, stickers, pamphlets, flyers and so forth; Electronic Media Promotion, Electronic media is one way to promote by using television and radio; Internet Media Promotion, Internet media used is to create a website and Instagram; Other Media Promotion. It can be done by holding or organizing events or arts performances are routinely held every day with the aim as an attraction to the community to come.

Conclusions
Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that: The level of community participation is still low. The power for development and management is still dominated by the government, whether in terms of planning to evaluation. Inhibiting factors of community participation in the form of low public perceptions of tourism potentials and opportunities, tourist attraction centered on one location, and spatial arrangement. The direction of community-based tourism development in the Wonogiri Multipurpose Reservoir constitutes community participation in all aspects (planningevaluation), spatial planning, and maximizing community-based tourism promotion.

Recommendation
The recommendation that can be given: It is needed to do community-based tourism development in Gajah Mungkur Reservoir. It increases the human resources, especially in the tourism sector, both quality and quantity. It is very necessary to be done to improve the quality of service and support the management of tourism destinations efficiently. Key to the success of community-based tourism involves the community in planning and evaluation. A multi-stakeholder approach involving all parties (government, communities, NGOs, and tourism enterprises) can align perceptions of community-based tourism objectives. This similarity of perception is the basis for joint planning and development of management structures that are required to build a tourism sector that supports the protection of natural and cultural resources. Village community organizations have an important role in the sustainability of tourist villages so it is necessary to establish an organization such as tourism conscious groups. Socialization of tourism awareness movements and campaigns on hygiene and environmental sustainability is intended as an effort to raise public awareness to be more concerned about the importance of maintaining cleanliness and environmental sustainability. The tourism awareness movement is needed to improve people's understanding of tourism so that the enchantment program can be done well. It is expected that people and tourists who come to visit can still maintain environmental sustainability such as not dispose of waste or litter carelessly; Need further research related to the