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Who Owns the Preah Vihear Temple? A Thai Position

An outstanding masterpiece of Khmer architecture, the Temple of Preah Vihear is situated on a promontory of the Dangrek mountain range, which straddles the boundary between the Kingdom of Thailand and Cambodia. The Temple was listed by Thailand as being situated in Bhumsrol village, Bueng Malu sub-district, in the Kantharalak district of the Srisaket province in eastern Thailand. The Temple is composed of a series of sanctuaries linked by a system of pavements and staircases on an 800 metre north-south axis rising up the hill towards the sanctuary.1 Dating back to the early eleventh century, the Temple of Preah Vihear has been situated on a mountain of religious significance. There was a process of expanding the Hindu faith at that time which was supported by the Khymer king, who allowed the Temple to be sacrificed as a Hindu place of worship. There was no issue of sovereignty promulgated over the land. The Temple of Preah Vihear was situated on the boundary between the Kingdom of Thailand and Cambodia and it was the centre of a grand community. Both Cambodians and Thais enjoyed the Temple for religious purposes, conducting trade, and it served as the centre between the high-Khmer and the lowKhmer communities. The issue relating to the east and west territory was not taken into account. This article discusses two issues essential to understanding the controversy between the Kingdom of Thailand and Cambodia over the sovereignty of the land surrounding the Temple of Preah Vihear. First, the Decision of the International Court of Justice on June 15, 1962,2 did not, as claimed by Cambodia in 1959, determine any land boundary 229