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The Optimization of Pentamethine Carbocyanine Dyes By Means of Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis

Introduction: Various pentamethine carbocyanine dyes were synthesized using microwave methodology. The synthesis outlined herein drastically reduced the reaction times of pentamethine carbocyanine dye syntheses from hours to minutes, as well as producing increased or comparable yields (33-98 %) to the conventional heating method. Each cyanine dye was optimized by varying temperature and keeping reaction time constant at 20 minutes. The desired products were verified by 1 H NMR (Bruker Avance, 400 MHz) and melting point, and show comparable purity to the conventional method.