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Effect of dietary fat on human breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in nude mice.

Rose et al. (7) recently published an experimental study examining the effects of dietary fat on the growth and metastasis of human lung cancer in a nude mouse xenograft model. The conclusion was reached that the high-fat diet shortened the latency before tumor development, increased the growth rate of the tumor, increased the fraction of animals developing primary tumors, and increased the fraction of animals developing metastases. What is not clear is whether there were differences in the caloric intake of the two groups. This important study is made somewhat more difficult to interpret in the absence of such information because credible data implicate calories (or more properly, total energy intake) with tumor development and progression. In light of the acknowledged difficulty of separating the influence of total calories and fat in human studies, it would be of particular value to control these two variables in experimental models. Once strong data implicating a role for high dietary fat among animals consuming isocaloric diets that differ only in fat content are available in animal models, one might have more faith that the proposed human studies are aiming at the correct target.