{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01768172888015717, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.455696202531645, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Modified leaky LMS algorithm for channel estimation in DS-CDMA systems

A simple adaptive least mean square (LMS) type channel estimation is developed through some modification of FIR Wiener filtering. A condition that guarantees the convergence of the algorithm and theoretical mean square error (MSE) values are derived. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can yield smaller MSE than existing techniques, and that its performance is close to that of optimal Wiener filtering.