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The Nineteenth-Century Rebus: Picture Puzzles and Dream Work in the Illustrated Journal

As it did in every issue, a puzzle made of pictures and letters appeared on the bottom of the back page of the April 24, 1869, issue of L’Illustration (fig. 1), an illustrated weekly general-interest journal published in Paris from 1843 until 1944. This puzzle, a rebus—the focus of this article—is at the margin of the page, while the pride of place is given over to a larger wood engraving of Don Quixote. I argue here that the rebus tilts away from simple device and toward something deeper when it is considered within the pictorial economy of the journal and taken together with the journal’s illustrations. I will argue that the rebus