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Impacts of land use on stream bank erosion in the Northeast Missouri Claypan Region

Sediment and nutrients are arguably the most pervasive and costly form of water pollution in North America. There is a growing body of literature that suggests that as in-field conservation practices become more widespread, the main source of eroded materials in streams is shifting from upland sources to erosion of gullies and stream channels. This study investigated the influence of land use, stream order, and season of stream bank erosion in the Central Claypan Region of Northeast Missouri. The erosion pin method was used to measure erosion on 36 treatment reaches stratified across stream order and land use categories. The mean percent eroding bank length was 53%, the mean sediment horizontal retreat rate was 5.6 cm/year, and the mean mass loss rate was 135.6 kg/m/year. Erosion rates fell into the range of other pin erosion studies from the Midwest. Season interactions were statistically significant with much greater soil loss occurring during the winter months than during the other seasons. Neither the land use or stream order effects were significant. Watershed scale estimates show that approximately 182,000 Mg of sediment and 68 Mg of phosphorus per year were contributed to steams during this study period. However, the study years had much higher than normal rainfall and so should not be considered normal rates.