{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014210919970082274, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.371428571428571, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Privacy preserving decentralized power system state estimation with phasor measurement units

This paper presents a privacy preserving approach to decentralized state estimation in multi-area power systems. By formulating state estimation as a model-distributed regularized least-squares (MDRLS) problem, we ensure that the state variables and system matrix of each area are hidden from all other areas in order to protect privacy and sensitive information. We present a scheme that solves the primal MDRLS problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers, and a second method that solves the dual problem using a distributed form of the coordinate descent algorithm. Only information related to current measurements on tie-lines linking neighboring areas is exchanged between those areas. The proposed schemes enable the local state estimator in each area to estimate the voltage magnitude and phase angle of each bus in its own control area from phasor measurement units (PMU) without the need for full local PMU-observability. The novelty of the proposed methods is in that they employ the inherently hierarchical architecture of the wide-area monitoring system to perform decentralized state estimation. Our simulation results show that the estimation error of both methods converges to that of the centralized approach.