{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014745308310991957, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004021447721179625, 'mean_word_length': 5.790909090909091, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Challenges and Trends in Optical Molecular Imaging

Deciphering the way atoms and molecules are organized is important in many fields from material to living sciences. Electron microscopy or X ray diffraction, which can approach this ultimate scale of imaging, are however not compatible with real time studies and often require invasive preparations. We will discuss the possibilities that optics offers to investigate ultratstructural properties of matter, from nanomaterials to cells and tissues. Exploiting the coupling between light polarization and molecules that generate fluorescence or nonlinear optical signals, we have developed a methodology capable of revealing molecular organization at scales below the diffraction limit (∼ 300nm).