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Technologies to Improve the Profitability of Silicon PV Module Recycling

With today's technology, the cost for recycling Si PV modules far exceeds the revenue from recycling. This paper examines two recycling scenarios which can improve the profitability of Si module recycling: 1) module reuse and 2) material extraction and reuse. The process sequences for the two scenarios are outlined, along with the potential revenues, the recycling technologies needed, and the major challenges for each scenario. Material extraction and reuse is the ultimate solution for module recycling. A two-stage recycling process is proposed for this scenario. The first stage is module recycling which can be done locally to recover and recycle ~95% of the module weight. The second stage is cell recycling which is carried out in centralized facilities involving chemical processing. Several module trends which negatively impact module recyclability are discussed including dual-glass modules and reduced Ag consumption in modules.