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Introducing Archigos : A Data Set of Political Leaders 1

Scholars for a long time theorized about the role of political leaders, but empirical research has been limited by the lack of systematic data about individual leaders. Archigos is a new data set with information on leaders in 188 countries from 1875 to 2004. We provide an overview of the main features of Archigos, and illustrate their utility by demonstrating how leader attributes predict other features of interest. Crises interactions differ depending on whether leaders face each other for the first time or have had prior interactions. Irregular leader changes can help identify political change in autocracies not apparent from data that consider only the democratic nature of institutions. Finally, transitions to democracy in the third wave are more likely to fail in instances where autocratic rulers were punished after leaving office.