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Impact Analysis of Landscape Pattern Evolution on Runoff Variation in the Yellow River Basin of Qinghai Province based on LUCC

The Yellow River Basin in Qinghai Province is the practice area of national environmental protection priority. In recent years, with the influence of climate change and human activities, the landscape pattern and runoff in the region have changed significantly. This paper conducts the following research to explore the influence of regional landscape pattern variation on runoff change. Firstly, the average sliding method is used to analyze the interannual variation trend of runoff in the study area. Secondly, the landscape pattern change is analyzed by land-use transfer matrix and landscape pattern index. Finally, the Pearson correlation coefficient method is used to analyze the influence of landscape pattern changes on runoff change. The results show that, unused land and grassland are the main conversion objects. The dominant role of grassland as the dominant type of landscape is gradually increasing, and each patch type tends to gather, which plays a certain role in promoting the formation of surface runoff. In 1995-2005, the extent of land desertification increased, and the area of grassland degraded to unused land was 3704.63 km2. The patch types were continuously dispersed and fragmented, and the blocking effect on surface runoff was enhanced. During 2005-2018, unused land was substantially converted into grassland due to the implementation of environmental protection projects. Shannon diversity index decreased from 0.9946 to 0.9278. The decrease of landscape heterogeneity played a certain role in promoting the formation of surface runoff.