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Holographic measurement of tympanic membrane vibrations

Different holographic methods have been used for high resolving, contactless, 3 D analysis of tympanic membrane vibrations [G. von Bally, Ed., Holography in Medicine and Biology (Springer, Berlin, 1979)]. Most experiments have been performed in‐vitro for basic research on the transfer function of the middle ear. We have chosen double‐exposure holography using a Q‐switched ruby laser system, a (vibration‐) phase sensitive technique which allows applications in‐vivo. For simultaneous sound presentation and holographic recording of the elicited tympanic membrane vibration through the outer ear canal in humans, special closed acoustic systems were developed. Thus, it was possible to determine a vibration pattern in patients with regular middle ear status, which characteristicly depends on amplitude, frequency, and phase of the stimulus. Specific deviations from this “normal” vibration pattern were determined in investigations on patients with pathologically altered middle ear mechanics, proving the applicabil...