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A dataset of action potentials recorded from the L5 dorsal rootlet of rat using a multiple electrode array

This article describes a dataset of action potentials collected from a neural recording experiment conducted on an adult female Sprague Dawley rat. A teased fascicle from the 5th Lumbar dorsal rootlet (L5) was fitted to a custom-made electrode array (10 wire hooks connected as isolated dipoles, with an effective inter-channel spacing of 1 mm) and neural signals were recorded both with and without manual stimulation of the corresponding dermatome. The dataset contains 20 recordings in total, 10 were made with the animal at rest and 10 were made during stimulation. Each recording contains 5 channels of raw voltage data obtained after amplification and digitisation. In [1], a new method was proposed for analysing such multi-channel data in order to automatically identify and classify the action potentials that correspond to dermal afferents. This dataset is of exceptionally high quality for a neural recording and will be useful in both the development and testing of new signal processing methods.


Specifications
The L5 dorsal rootlet was exposed via a laminectomy and a small fascicle was lifted into a recording array formed from wire hooks connected to the amplifiers and data converters. Ten recordings of length 250 ms each were made with the animal at rest and an oscilloscope was used to confirm the presence of neural activity. Ten further recordings also of length 250 ms each were made while the L5 dermatome was stimulated manually.

Value of the Data
• This dataset is important because it provides a high-quality benchmark record of spontaneous neural activity, such recordings are difficult to make and hard to find. • This dataset will benefit both engineers who are developing new neural interfaces and neuroscientists who wish to build detailed models of the spinal nerve. • Future developments based on this dataset could include: a new analysis of the action potential morphologies; a benchmark dataset for comparison of action potential classification techniques; teaching materials as an exemplar high quality recording.

Data Description
This article describes a neural recording experiment conducted on a single adult female Sprague Dawley rat using a custom-made electrode array and commercial amplifiers and instrumentation [1] . The dataset contains twenty recordings all of length 250 ms with a sampling rate of 50 kHz. The first ten recordings were made with the animal at rest and are located in a folder called "Resting", the filenames are timestamps that correspond to the time the recordings were started (1551.mat to 1608.mat). The second ten recordings were made while the L5 dermatome was stimulated and are located in a folder called "Cutaneous Stimulation" and likewise the filenames are timestamps that correspond to the time the recordings were started (1554.mat to 1612.mat). The files are all stored as standard MATLAB data files are openable with a wide range of software packages including Python via the SciPy package. Within each data file there is a single matrix called "rawdata" that is a 125,0 0 0 × 6 matrix where the columns are as shown in Table 1 . Channel 1 represents the most distal electrode, i.e. the closest to the tail. Fig. 1 illustrates a short snippet from the 1551 data file, clearly visible are 8 action potentials propagating from Channel 1 to Channel 5.

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
Data were collected from a single adult female Sprague Dawley rat (250 g). The animal was anaesthetised via the intraperitoneal route with 1.5 g/kg of urethane (Sigma) before being placed on a heating mat. A dorsal laminectomy of three of the lumbar spinal vertebrae was performed in order to expose the spinal cord. The individual dorsal roots were then exposed by incision through the dura and the left fifth lumbar dorsal root (L5) was micro-dissected into rootlets/fascicles with fine glass pulled pipettes, in a method described previously [2] . This approach was taken in order to provide access to several small rootlets that contained only a handful of individual axons. A dorsal root was chosen because they are amenable to the microdissection technique, and because it is possible to dissect a long enough length to lift into an electrode array. Being purely sensory, the dorsal root should only contain afferent axons that can be activated by direct stimulation of the corresponding dermatome. After dissection, the skin was sutured to an over-hanging rectangular bar, creating a contained pool into which nonconductive mineral oil was poured [1] .
The recording array was fabricated on-site and consisted of ten 0.2 mm tungsten wire hooks fed through a polyurethane tube of 0.4 mm internal diameter. The inter-electrode spacing was approximately 0.5 mm, resulting in a total array length of 5 mm. The array was attached to an insulating bar supported by a clamp stand that was positioned over the spinal cord, and a small fascicle (approximately 100 μm in diameter) was gently lifted onto the array. The flexibility of the thin tungsten hooks provided mechanical compliance within the array that ensured good contact between the fascicle and the hooks. The ten electrodes were connected in a shared bipolar configuration whereby each differential amplifier was connected to two adjacent electrodes to give a total of five channels, thus the effective inter-channel electrode spacing was 1 mm. A common reference was used for each amplifier, connected to a 28-gauge hypodermic needle placed subcutaneously over the spinotrapezius muscle.
The amplifiers and filters (Digitimer, UK) were configured for a total gain of 80 dB and a bandwidth of 30 0-50 0 0 Hz. The amplifier reference was shared throughout the recording sys-tem and was also connected to a Faraday cage surrounding the animal. Data acquisition was performed simultaneously on all channels using a bank of analogue-to-digital converters (National Instruments DAQ9222) with a sampling rate of 50 kHz. Throughout the experiment modulation of the neural signals was elicited by stimulating the L5 dermatome via direct cutaneous touch.

Ethics Statement
All experiments complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and were carried out in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines.

Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article.

Data for reference
Action potentials recorded from the L5 dorsal rootlet of rat using a multiple electrode array (Original data) (Mendeley Data).