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The role of problem-solving methods in teaching

This article reveals the pedagogical concept of “teaching methodˮ – one of the key concepts of didactics, a kind of synthesis of the most important components of the educational process: goals, content, principles, forms of teaching, and educational functions. The role of teaching methods used for new experimental course Mathematical Linguistics, is still a truly unexplored sector of Pedagogy. Based on modern requirements for teaching methods, we can distinguish three types of teaching and, accordingly, its three structures that historically evolved in the process of social development. There are three types of educational process in a modern school, and each of them should be considered as a subsystem of a single classroom system: informational-reporting, explanatory-illustrative and problem-solving. Since the founding of the school, scientists have noticed that a large number of teachers and students’ activities are used during a lesson. They were called teaching methods. The first attempts to identify teaching methods were related to the forms of their recognition, which developed a basis for teaching method classification. Problem-solving method of teaching means the interconnected activity of a teacher and students, which is built on the logic of problem setting with the following search for its solution and aimed at the “discoveryˮ of new knowledge, skills, and abilities by students themselves. One of the main functions of problem-solving method is the formation of students’ independent thinking, development of their creativity. In order to prepare students to creative activity, it is necessary to involve them in independent problem solving process, searching for solutions and making creative decisions. Keywords: teaching method, problem-solving method, problem situation, role play, collective research, dispute, hypothesis.