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Stepped-frequency software-defined ground penetrating radar

An experimental implementation for a low-cost, software-defined Ground Penetrating Radar is presented in this paper. The proposed system uses a general purpose low-cost SDR platform with minimal external components. The SDR platform is USRP N200 equipped with WBX RF daughterboard. The only external additions are two off-the-shelf RF switches, an Arduino Uno microcontroller board, a fixed RF attenuator and two Vivaldi antennas. The system implements stepped-frequency radar operation with a bandwidth of 1500 MHz achieving a resolution of 10 cm in air. It works by sweeping this frequency band transmitting sine waves and storing the amplitudes and phases of the scattered waves. Then, this frequency-domain information is translated into time-domain by means of Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The time-domain responses are plotted in an A-scope image. Then, these images are combined to create the classic B-scope image used in ground penetrating radars. All of the above-mentioned assertions have been validated experimentally.