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Architecture as Bodily and Spatial Art: The Idea of Einfühlung in Early Theoretical Contributions by Heinrich Wölfflin and August Schmarsow

The concept of Einfühlung (empathy), a term coined in 1872 by the German philosopher, Robert Vischer, was highly influential in architectural theory from the last years of the nineteenth century until at least the first two decades of the twentieth. Heinrich Wölfflin and August Schmarsow, two important figures of art history, developed their respective concepts of architectural reception in a strong correlation to the idea of empathy. In their investigations into architectural creation, the idea of the human capacity to empathise with objects and works of art led both art historians to an understanding of art history as a discipline that was dedicated to retracing the dominant ideas of different epochs on a psychological basis.