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Typological Transformation of Individual Housing in Hail City, Saudi Arabia: Between Functional Needs, Socio-Cultural, and Build Polices Concerns

This research paper traces the evolution of housing typologies in five distinct periods of dwellings in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. The study reviews the formation and historical events of the Hail house by observing the significant changes on the layout, spatial form, and architectural form. The objective is to investigate the embedded socio-cultural and privacy patterns, in conjunction with economic and environmental factors, that influenced the development of housing in Hail City over the last several decades. The methodological approach is based on an ethnographic approach, users’ perception survey, and a review of multiple case studies representing local housing typologies from five distinct historic periods: traditional, transitional traditional, modern, transitional modern, and contemporary. The findings show that specific building policies and laws pertaining to house form, privacy, gender segregation, and hospitality influenced the spatial layout of Hail City dwellings and played a decisive role in determining the final built form. Conclusions are drawn to highlight current challenges while also providing projections for future housing typologies in Hail City, around Saudi Arabia, and similar countries.