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The Impact of Swirl and Wake Strength on Turbulent Axisymmetric Wake Evolution

An experimental investigation of swirl and wake strength influence on axisymmetric turbulent wake evolution was conducted. A novel wake generator design was wire mounted in a wind tunnel test section with low free-stream turbulence produced wake Reynolds numbers based on momentum thickness and free-stream velocity in excess of 14,000 and Swirl numbers up to 0.4 with minimal blockage. Steady-state Blade Element Momentum simulations of reference wind turbine designs indicated that wind turbines operate in the flow regimes studied indicating the practical aspects of this work. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry was used to acquire three components of velocity in the swirling wake at locations up to approximately ten diameters downstream. Quantitative measures of wake growth and decay were deduced using available equilibrium similarity scaling for the swirling wake. The results show an increase above 50\% in growth and axial velocity decay rate constants over the range of swirl strength studied compared to those of the non-swirling wake. Tangential velocity decay constants were shown to decrease with swirl strength over the range of conditions studied. Notably, changes in wake strength have little influence on growth and decay rates when compared to changes in swirl strength for the flow regimes studied in this work.