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Light-scattering spectroscopy of native bile

Light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) was used to measure particle sizes in fresh human gallbladder bile of patients with gallstones. The recent experiments suggest the presence of a novel, bile salt-independent, mode of cholesterol transport in saturated human bile. Cholesterol is carried in large phospholipid vesicles with approximate diameter of 75 nm. It was shown that under experimental conditions these vesicles were able to dissolve up to 80% of the biliary cholesterol at low bile salt concentrations. A lecithin lamellar phase has already been suggested as a cholesterol carrier and recently vesicles were reported in model bile solutions and in native bile. Due to its nonperturbing nature, the technique of LLS has in recent years become widely applied to the study of micellar systems and, in particular, has been used to systematically investigate aqueous biliary lipid systems. LSS was employed to characterize the size, shape thermodynamics and interactions of bile salts micelle.