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Mechanisms of Reduced Vascular Tone Following Collateral Arteriogenesis induced by Femoral Artery Ligation

The presence of a well‐developed, native collateral network can decrease the severity of ischemic injury following arterial occlusion. This rescue depends on the collateral network undergoing arteriogenesis to enlarge and increase blood flow to the ischemic region. Although there has been tremendous effort attempting to understand the mechanisms of arteriogenesis, no arteriogenesis‐stimulating therapies have proved effective in clinical trials. Therefore, further research must be conducted to understand the mechanisms of arteriogenesis. Arteriogenesis, as determined by maximal collateral diameter, appears to be complete within 1 week following arterial occlusion. Recent work in our lab demonstrated that seven days post femoral artery ligation, the resting diameter in the superficial gracilis collateral was roughly 90% of the size of the maximum diameter, whereas the sham‐operated limb was only roughly 65%. Therefore, the goal of this work was to determine the mechanisms responsible for the apparent loss of resting vascular tone in the enlarged collateral at day‐7.