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Policy Formulation Analysis of Youth Friendly City: Policy Studies of Ministry of Youth and Sports and the City Government of Bandung

The planning of Youth Friendly City policy by Indonesian Ministry of Youth and Sports is expected to strengthen youth development and empowerment in each region of Indonesia, through the assistance of the preparation of youth regulation, competition, and awards. The city of Bandung has become a pilot project for Youth Friendly City. This research is an action-research approach which based on Soft System Methodology (SSM) to analyze the formulation of Youth Decent Friendly policy at the Ministry of Youth and Sports and also the City Government of Bandung. The results of this study indicate that indicators of the development of Youth Friendly City as stated in Regulation No. 11 of the Ministry of Youth and Sports 2017, refers to 4 (four) clusters, namely: life, play, work/school, and health/welfare still require more action plans. The results from this study is expected to be a reference for all city/regional government in Indonesia, especially the Government of Bandung on the policy of Youth Friendly City.


Introduction
Youth are the successor to the ideals of the nation's struggle and human resources for development (Noer et. Al., 2000). As the next generation, youth are expected to be able to act In 2035, it is predicted that Indonesia will receive a demographic bonus in which the productive age (15-64 years) is greater than the young population aged less than 5 years and elderly people who are more than 64 years old. Youth, who are included in the productive age, hope that the demographic bonus will make a positive contribution to the Indonesian state. Republic of

Indonesia Law No. 40 of 2009 concerning Youth explains that what is meant by youth is
Indonesian citizens aged between 16-30 years. In that age range, the average youth includes those who start high school (SMA) or the equivalent, then those who enter college and afterwards pursue careers in various professions.
In Law No. 40 of 2009 concerning Youth, it is explained that youth intends to strengthen opportunities and positions for every citizen aged 16-30 years to develop the potential, capacity, self-actualization and aspirations of youth. In other words, the state considers youth as a national asset whose potential must be developed.
In addition to the potential, with the large number of youth, there are also several problems related to youth as described by the Ministry of Youth and Sports (2016: 26), including: (1) Most of the youth are no longer in school, are working, are looking for work, are unemployed, or have a profession as a housewives (2)  the Youth Friendly City program consist of: the existence of a Regional Regulation (Perda) on youth (regulation), the availability of space for expression and creation (infrastructure), the activity of youth organizations and communities (institutions), and youth independence in the field of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises).
The city of Bandung was declared a Youth-Friendly City because this city already has its own regulations, namely Regional Regulation Number 01 of 2016 concerning Youth. In addition, the Bandung City Government (Pemkot) has various programs in youth empowerment such as the Development Innovation Program and Regional Empowerment (PIPPK). Through this program, the City Government of Bandung provides support and financial assistance for youth organizations. In addition, the City Government of Bandung has allocated 3% of the APBD funds for youth development.
The city of Bandung is also the City of Youth and the City of Education, in Bandung there are more than 80 universities. In addition, in accommodating youth productive activities there are more than 4,000 communities as basic capital as a youth city (bandung.go.id). Various economic opportunities for youth based on lifestyle (lifestyle), factory outlets are also present with a turnover of billions of rupiah per month through the distribution industry (distribution store). The work of young Bandung people with unique clothing designs thrives and spreads to other cities. The creative atmosphere also makes the music industry grow. Various music groups both major and indie labels continue to be born and produce their works productively.
Based on the description above, an in-depth study of the Youth-Friendly City policy is needed, is hoped that cities in Indonesia will increase their attention to their youth.

Theoretical Review
Public policy is defined by Anderson (2010: 19) as "a relatively stable, purposive course of action or inaction followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern". Public policy is an action or not that has a purpose, with a relatively stable process carried out by an actor or a group of actors in overcoming a problem. According to Anderson (2010: 7) public policies are developed by government agencies and officials. Therefore, it can be concluded that public policy, in this case state policy, is all words or actions issued by the government or government agencies in solving problems or to achieve certain goals oriented to the interests of the community (Fitriati, 2014: 47).
The policy stage continues to develop until now and the stage of the policy-making process according to Dunn (2000: 22) is political and is visualized as a series of stages that are interdependent and arranged according to time sequences including agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy assessment.
Policy implementation is generally carried out through three initial stages, namely agenda setting, policy formulation and policy adoption. Basically, the agenda-setting stage is carried out to collect and identify problems, provide understanding of the causes, symbols, solutions and various other elements of public problems that are of concern to members of the public and the government.
After the issues of concern have been formulated in agenda setting, the next step is policy formulation. After this stage is completed, policy adoption and implementation is carried out.
The final stage in this process is policy evaluation. Policy evaluation is important because through evaluation it can be seen whether a policy is implemented properly or not, and can become a reference for further policy formulation.

Research Methodology
The research approach in the formulation of a Youth Friendly City Policy Model is to use the Soft System Methodology (SSM). Research with the SSM approach is appropriate to use in viewing the (social) world as complex, problematic, mysterious, and categorized by clashes of worldview or a battle of points of view (Checkland and Poulter, 2006: 21). Checkland and Scholes (1990: 27) divide SSM into seven stages. The first stage in SSM research is to analyze the problem situation considered problematic, namely exploring the problem situation.

Results
Based  sports. In addition, there is also the Little Bandung program, which is a place to market Bandung products in overseas cities that have previously collaborated with Bandung.
For young people who have business and creativity, they can market their products in Little Bandung.
As suggested by Checkland and Poulter (2006), the first step after exploring the problematic situation is the introduction of a problematic situation (one analysis) by determining 3 (three) parties to play a role in the study. The parties who play an important role in this study consist of three (3) parties, namely clients (clients), practitioners (practitioners), and owners of the issues (oweners of the issues addressed). This is the embodiment of analysis one (analysis of intervention). The determination of the three interested parties is due to their respective roles. Social Analysis (Analysis Two) is intended to understand social situations in general, which is expected to create a more comprehensive picture of real-world situations. In Analysis Two, Checkland and Pulter (2006) suggest three social elements that are the focus, namely the roles (roles), norms (norms), and values possessed by members of the group studied. According to Checkland and Poulter (2006: 33)   The next stage is to create a conceptual model that describes system activities in which the elements are composed of verbs. Making these activities according to Checkland (1993: 170) is based on the root definition and the structure of the verb that refers to the logic base.

Discussion
The purpose of establishing a conceptual model is to ensure the achievement of a Youth-Friendly City policy in Bandung City through formal law and informal conventions on the formulation of a Youth-Friendly City Regulation. In addition, the series of activities in table 2 is used to build a conceptual model as shown in Figure 1. The success of the conceptual model performance can be measured based on the 3E criteria (etification, efficiency, and effectiveness).
Fulfillment of efficacy is seen from the existence of formal law in formulating policies in the form of amendments to the Youth Regional Regulation by including the chapter on Youth Friendly Cities. Efficiency indicators can be seen from the minimum use of resources (finance, manpower, and time). Meanwhile, the effectiveness (effectiveness) is seen from the formulation of a Youth Eligible City policy in the Perda on Youth in Bandung.
According to Anderson (2010), policy formulation starts from the agenda setting stage. The Regional Regulation on Youth regulates the youth policy system implemented by the City of Bandung, in particular the main tasks and functions which are the responsibility of the related SKPD and the participation of other stakeholders. In order to formulate a policy agenda, a City Fit for Youth needs to add to the CHAPTER on Youth Eligible Cities in the Bandung City Youth Regulation. The district / city government and local DPRD have the authority to formulate and amend regional regulations at the district / city level.
After comparing the conceptual model with the real world, the next step is to formulate suggestions for action for change. In this stage, there are two steps, namely formulating suggestions for actions and implementing the implementation of action steps. In the formulation of action suggestions, it is carried out by taking actions from various points of view and opinions. Parties that are involved in problematic situations in the SSM process must find a new situation format where they can live together. The discussion of this situation is carried out by discussing two conditions which are compatible with the human activity system (systemically desirable) and culturally feasible.
In the formulation of a Youth Friendly City policy, it contains the objective of increasing youth participation in social, political, economic, cultural, religious and environmental development.
Through the social (two) and political (three) analyzes in the previous stage, changes in the root definition are possible in this study. Because the goals and objectives of the Youth Fit City policy as formulated by the Ministry of Youth and Sports as an actor through the Minister of Youth and Sports Regulation No. 11 of 2017.

Conclusion
The City Government of Bandung has carried out its function towards a Youth Friendly City by providing regulations, budgets, programs and youth participation in Perda No. 1 of 2016 concerning Youth. The indicators for developing a Youth Friendly City refer to 4 (four) clusters, namely life, play, work / school and health / welfare which still require an action plan.
In realizing the formulation of a Youth Friendly City policy in Bandung, a formal law is required to regulate it. This can be fulfilled by adding CHAPTER for Youth-Friendly Cities in the existing Regional Regulation, namely Perda No. 1 of 2016 concerning Youth. The addition of the CHAPTER is carried out by carrying out the stages of amendment to the Regional Regulation in accordance with the applicable law. It is hoped that this change can further optimize youth services in the city of Bandung.