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Japan's “Yellow Peril”: The Chinese in Imperial Japan and Colonial Korea

Chinese emigrants or kakyō occupy an important but little acknowledged niche in the history of modern Japan. They mediated Japan's relations with China and the West in the Meiji period, they competed against Japanese economic interests in Korea before and after it became a Japanese colony, and they were a controversial source of labour for the Japanese economy. This article recovers the history of Chinese migrants in Japan and Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century paying special attention to the ambivalent Japanese attitude toward them. This study not only contributes to a fuller understanding of modern Japanese history but also offers historical insights into Japan-China relations in the twenty-first century as Chinese migration to Japan again causes public concern.