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Polymorphism and ulcerative colitis

There are two approaches to the identification of genetic mutations associated with disorders such as ulcerative colitis. In one approach, a candidate gene is chosen on the basis of biological plausibility (e.g. immune response genes) or on the basis of presumed links with another related disease (e.g. Crohn’s disease). The frequency of various inherited mutations is then compared between patients and a control population. This approach sometimes results in false–positive associations because of a variety of methodological factors, including recruitment of a relatively small number of patients and problems with the selection of control subjects. The second approach is to use genome-wide screens in families with affected and unaffected individuals to identify chromosomal regions of interest. These linkage studies indicate the presence of a susceptibility gene on chromosome 12 and possible susceptibility genes on 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 22 and X chromosomes. Some of these susceptibility loci may be shared with Crohn’s disease. However, loci identified using these methods often contain hundreds of genes and, as yet, there are no unequivocal susceptibility genes for ulcerative colitis. Ultimately, a good understanding of the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease will need to include both linkage and association studies.