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Immune Response Regulation

Mycobacterial heat shock proteins have been implicated in the way the host response to mycobacterial infection is finely balanced to control pathogen dissemination while preventing immunopathology. Constitutive overexpression of mycobacterial Hsp70 (myHsp70) enhances mycobacterial clearance in mouse models, and Hsps can promote antitumor and antiviral immune responses. Human dendritic cells pulsed with myHsp70 generate potent antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses, which are dependent on a calcium-signaling cascade. Floto et al. now show that this critical function of myHsp70 is dependent on signaling through the HIV coreceptor, CCR5. R. A. Floto, P. A. MacAry, J. M. Boname, T. S. Mien, B. Kampmann, J. R. Hair, O. S. Huey, E. N. G. Houben, J. Pieters, C. Day, W. Oehlmann, M. Singh, K. G. C. Smith, P. J. Lehner, Dendritic cell stimulation by mycobacterial Hsp70 is mediated through CCR5. Science 314, 454-458 (2006). [Abstract] [Full Text]