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The potential for parallelism in Runge-Kutta methods. Part 1: RK formulas in standard form

The authors examine the potential for parallelism in Runge–Kutta (RK) methods based on formulas in standard one-step form. Both negative and positive results are presented. Many of the negative results are based on a theorem that bounds the order of an RK formula in terms of the minimal polynomial associated with its coefficient matrix. The positive results are largely examples of prototypical formulas that offer a potential for effective “coarse-grain” parallelism on machines with a few processors.