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Is Adult‐Onset Dystonia a Rare Disease? Time for Population‐Based Studies

Adult-onset dystonia is considered a rare disease, a conclusion based on the relatively homogeneous low prevalence estimates provided by the majority of studies conducted between 1980 and 2011. Among the 19 studies performed in this period, 15 service-based/record linkage system studies and 3 population studies yielded crude prevalence estimates ranging between 3.0 and 43.0 × 10, with estimates from most studies (10 of 18) narrowly ranging from 10.1 to 14.4 × 10. Only one population-based study in Northern Italy yielded a significantly higher estimate, 732 × 10 in people aged 50 years or older, but interpretation of this study was limited by methodological issues (see later).