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Holography: Gravity = Quantum Physics?

Holography in high-energy theory means a duality between gravity and quantum physics. A popular catchphrase is “gravity = quantum physics”. In this duality, the spacetime dimension of gravity theory is higher than the dimension of quantum theory, so the duality is dubbed “holography”. In this article, we explain, in chronological order, the basic concepts of holography and its various applications to quantum chromodynamics, condensed matter physics, and quantum information.