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Elucidating the regulation and dynamics of O‐GlcNAc during signal transduction

The ability of cells to respond to their microenvironment is controlled by a complex communication system. Cell signaling utilizes a series of post‐translational events to regulate and coordinate cellular activities. Although phosphorylation is thought to be the key regulator of these events, recent findings implicate the O‐GlcNAc modification as an additional control mechanism. Modulation of signal transduction requires compartmentalization of the kinases and phosphatases. Based on the evidence of subcellular localization of OGT isoforms, the diversity of O‐GlcNAcylated proteins upon stimulation, and its role during insulin signaling, it can be hypothesized that O‐GlcNAc is involved and regulates signal transduction in a compartmentalized manner.