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Study Body Composition of Adolescent Girls

Nutritional status of individuals or populations and measurements of food and nutrient intake and evaluation of nutrition-related health indicators is aspect of study nutritional anthropometry. The use of nutritional assessment has increased importance in recent years because of our greater knowledge of the nutritional status and health. It refers not only to inadequate dietary intake or undernutrition but also to overnutrition characterized by obesity and its associated co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, osteoporosis, and some form of cancer as well. Malnutrition is a “pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients”. Sample size: For this study 1009 adolescent’s girls are chosen as subjects for this study. Weight is measured in weighing scale and height is measured by anthropometre rod, skinfolds are measured by Harpenden caliper. Results: Fat Mass is 9.35 kg (2.01) mean Fat free Mass is 34.22 kg (4.35). Mean FMI and FFMI of Adolescent girls are 4.08 kg/m2 and 14.98 kg/m2 (1.61). Age wise changes of different variable which significantly vary with age. fat mass increase 4.03 kg from 10 to 19 years.


Introduction
Nutritional status of individuals or populations and measurements of food and nutrient intake and evaluation of nutrition-related health indicators is aspect of study nutritional anthropometry. The use of nutritional assessment has increased importance in recent years because of our greater knowledge of the nutritional status and health. It refers not only to inadequate dietary intake or undernutrition but also to over-nutrition characterized by obesity and its associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, osteoporosis, and some form of cancer as well [1].
According to [2], malnutrition is a "pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients" [2]. There are two types of adipose tissue (WAT) white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Brown adipose tissue accounts for less than 1% of the adipose mass in human adults. White adipose tissue accounts for less than 1% of the adipose mass in human adults. White adipose tissue is composed of fat cells (adiposities) that generally contain a single, large droplet of lipid primarily in the form of triglycerides. The nucleus of adiposity and cell organelles of cytoplasm (i.e. mitochondria) are compressed to outer edge of cell between the lipid droplet and cell membrane.

Materials and Methods
Sample size: For this study 1009 adolescent's girls are chosen as subjects for this study.
Weight is measured in weighing scale and height is measured by anthropometre rod, skinfolds are measured by Harpenden caliper.
Percent body fat is increasing with age, it has weak but positive correlation with mean age at Menarche, FM has strong positive correlation with percent body fat, and BMI has strong positive correlation between Fat Mass and Fat Free Mass.

Results
Fat Mass is 9.35 kg (2.01) mean Fat free Mass is 34.22 kg (4.35). Mean FMI and FFMI of Adolescent girls are 4.08 kg/m 2 and 14.98 kg/m 2 (1.61). Longitudinal studies should be carried out to investigate the dynamics of changes in anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic variables which occur during the attainment of menarche. In study on Netherlands by [3] have been reported that PBF. FM<FFM FMI. The pattern and intensity of adiposity is directly reproduced the composition of human body.
The variation in body composition between individuals is large mainly because of variations in adiposity level. Adiposity and body composition between individuals is large, mainly because of variations in adiposity level. Adiposity and Body Composition measures are used to evaluate nutritional status growth development and specific disease state [4]. Cellularity of adipose tissue (hyperplasia) practically doubles with onset of puberty and then plateaus in late adolescence and early adulthood. In adiposities hyperplasia and hypertrophy not only during growth but also on adulthood are significantly higher among post-menarcheal girls compared with premenarcheal girls. Although the terms FFM and lean body mass (LBM) are used interchangeably, there is a difference (Tables 2-4). Unlike FFM, which contains no lipid, the LBM contains a small amount of essential lipids [5].
In epidemiological and clinical studies, it is interesting to understand the relative proportion of FM and FFM and its change in relation to the total body mass because this has medical and nutritional significance. Skin folds (SKF) are indirect measure of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the early 1900, the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue was measured by taking SKF measurements [6].

Conclusion
Percent body fat is increasing with age, it has weak but positive correlation with mean age at Menarche [7], FM has strong positive correlation with percent body fat, and BMI has strong positive correlation between fat mass and fat free mass.
The study represents typical differential rates of positive change in different body composition measures after the attainment of menarche [8].