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Design journey of an affordable manual standing wheelchair.

PURPOSE
Only 1 in 10 people with disabilities can access assistive devices, underlining the critical need for low-cost assistive products. This paper describes the design evolution of a manual user-operated standing wheelchair (SWC), translating from prototype to product.


METHODS
The SWC design has been refined over 5 years through multiple iterations based on comments from user trials. The SWC product, Arise, provides standing functionality, facile outdoor mobility, affordability, customisability, and is aesthetically pleasing. A one-time fitting and training ensure optimal effort for operation, correct posture, and comfortable user experience. The SWC accommodates users of different sizes and body weights (up to 110 kg) and minimises user effort with the use of a gas spring. Incorporating discrete adjustments enables customisation while retaining the advantages of mass manufacturing, which is necessary for ensuring affordability.


RESULTS
The SWC has been field-tested and well received by over 100 wheelchair users, and Arise was launched recently by the industry partner.


CONCLUSIONS
It should be noted that RESNA cautions on the use of any standing device without medical consultation. Nevertheless, with appropriate dissemination and awareness, it is anticipated that the affordable SWC product, Arise, will immensely benefit the eligible users and make a difference in their quality of life.Implications for RehabilitationProvides standing functionality, outdoor mobility, affordability and customisabilityAccommodates users of different sizes and body weights in a mass-manufacturable designErgonomic design reduces net user effort during sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit activityDesign iterated and refined based on feedback from over 100 user trials.