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Effect of Photobiomodulation on Erythema and Edema following Dental Prophylaxis in Dogs

Photobiomodulation has been documented as a mitigator of wound erythema and edema in human and veterinary patients. To determine the effect of photobiomodulation therapy in male and female canine (Canis lupus familiaris) patients following routine dental prophylaxis, a low energy GaAlInP diode laser with a continuous 650 nm wavelength and 100 mW power output was used. Immediately following the dental procedure, each canine patient received irradiation (10 J/cm2) based on one of three randomly assigned treatment groups. One group (n = 7) received four treatment points of irradiation on the gingiva of the right upper and lower dental arcade, another group (n = 8) received four treatment points of irradiation on the gingiva of the left upper and lower dental arcade, and the other group (n = 9) received a mock gingiva treatment without irradiation. Erythema and edema along the gingival surface of each canine was scored 24 hours after treatment by a blinded veterinary evaluator. Using a composite evaluation there was significantly higher inflammation scores of the lower right dental arcade for the untreated control group relative to both the left side treated group (p = 0.025) and the right side treated group (p = 0.017). When looking at erythema specifically, there was significant reduction in erythema in the left side treated group relative to the control group (p = 0.049) for the lower left dental arcade. When comparing males and females, males had higher erythema (p = 0.034) and edema (p = 0.014) scores as well as composite inflammation (p = 0.026) score than females in the left side treated group at the location of the left dental arcade. No other sex associated differences were noted. Despite patient variability in this clinical study, receiving a single photobiomodulation treatment demonstrated a minor to discernible reduction in erythema and edema following canine dental prophylaxis.