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Challenges and prospects of preterm birth prediction in multiple pregnancies

For today, twins make up about 1.5% of the population of our planet. It is more than one hundred million people, which in number corresponds to the population of two Frances. The number of twins born relative to the total number of newborns in different countries and on different continents is different, but the overall trend is that it continues to grow. In recent years, the percentage of multiple pregnancy has increased almost 2.5 times, which is associated with the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies.At the same time, pregnancy in multiple births is an extremely important problem in modern obstetrics, as it is accompanied by a high level of complications for both the mother and the fetuses. Multiple pregnancy contributes significantly to the formation of adverse perinatal outcomes, which is primarily due to the high rate of preterm birth. Premature twins are at high risk of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, respiratory distress, endocrine and metabolic disorders, which subsequently become the cause of disability and social maladaptation of children. In this regard, the reduction in the number of premature births is today a priority task, the solution of which is possible only through timely and correct forecasting. The multifactority of pathogenic mechanisms determines the necessity of diagnostic search strategies that can identify markers of various pathogenetic ways of preterm birth. (For citation: Kosyakova OV, Bespalova ОN. Challenges and prospects of preterm birth prediction in multiple pregnancies. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2018;67(4):48-59. doi: 10.17816/JOWD67448-59).