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Comparative clinical evaluation of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, given for different time period, in chronic periodontitis patients

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) as host modulating agent, given at varying interval, in patients with chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Periodontology and Implantology of Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. Forty-five patients with chronic periodontitis were selected. The patients were randomly allotted into one of the following groups: Group A (15 patients): Scaling and root planning (SRP) + ω-3 FAs for 1 month, Group B (15 patients): SRP + ω-3 FAs for 2 months, Group C (15 patients): SRP + ω-3 FAs for 3 months. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed pre-SRP (baseline), 1 month, and 3 months, respectively, after the treatment. Results: In the present study, in the intra-group comparison; PI, GI, PPD, and CAL were significantly reduced in all three groups (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in PI, GI, PPD, and CAL in Group A, B, and C (P > 0.05) after 1 month, 2 months, and after 3 months, respectively. Conclusion:ω-3 FAs are equally effective as far as periodontal therapy is concerned when given for short duration of 1 month.