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Demographic and Perioperative Factors Associated With Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Survey Completion

Study Design: This was a retrospective study. Objective: To evaluate independent demographic and perioperative factors associated with lower Patient-reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF) survey completion rates after spine surgery. Summary of Background Data: There has not been a study evaluating factors related to PROMIS PF survey completion following spine surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing spine procedures were retrospectively reviewed. The number of PROMIS PF surveys that were completed at each time period and the number of surveys that were completed in succession starting with the first survey were tabulated and reported using descriptive statistics. Independent preoperative and perioperative factors associated with full survey completion up to the 12-month period were identified using χ2 analysis and Poisson regression with robust error variance. A final multivariate model was created using a backward, stepwise multivariate regression. Results: A total of 713 patients were included. Variables positively associated with PROMIS survey completion were aged above 60 years and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9≥10. African Americans and Hispanics were negatively associated with survey completion. Postoperative day 0 narcotic use ≥50 oral morphine equivalents was positively associated with survey completion, while outpatient surgical setting and high preoperative radicular arm/leg pain were negatively associated with survey completion. In the final multivariate model, depression was the only variable that was positively associated, while both outpatient surgical setting and high preoperative radicular arm/leg pain were negatively associated with survey completion. Conclusion: This study identified demographic and perioperative variables associated with PROMIS survey completion and response rates. Patients who underwent surgery in the outpatient setting and those with high preoperative radicular limb pain were less likely to complete surveys. Interestingly, patients with clinical signs of depression were more likely to fill out surveys. Understanding variables associated with survey completion may provide the clinician with insight into which demographic groups are the most at-risk for not responding to surveys.