{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01978891820580475, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.2727272727272725, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Application of the failure-based e-learning process for building construction education

The purpose of this paper is to improve the current lecture-based approach of building construction education with the PBL method by utilizing construction failure information as educational material. In this paper, the failure-based e-learning (FBeL) process is proposed and tested. The difficulties in implementing PBL in building construction education are described by analyzing the characteristics of PBL. The features of failure information in terms of applicability to PBL are discussed. The FBeL process could be developed as an e-learning system and this could solve the limitation of the current lecture-based approach while building on the advantages of PBL.