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Conservation of Coral Reefs Under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

It has recently been estimated that coral reefs occupy 284,300 sq. km. of the planet’s surface. This is less than 0.1 per cent of the total surface area. Yet in practical and economic terms, the contribution of coral reefs is disproportionately large. For many human populations, coral reefs have for millennia been the major source of protein for their diets. In some cases, coral rubble and sand has helped to raise land above sea level, enabling human inhabitation. Reefs can also dissipate the force of waves, thus protecting shores and communities. Increasingly, coral reefs as a natural wonder attract tourists from around the globe. Finally, to those in need, coral reefs may bring relief from medical conditions, as scientists explore new organic chemicals present in the coral reef ecosystem. Indeed, a conservative estimate produced in 1997 concluded that coral reefs contributed the equivalent of $375 billion p.a., as part of a global total ecosystem value of $33,268 billion p.a. Therefore, based on these estimates, coral reefs contributed 1.13 per cent of the annual total. Every day, corals, reef structures, and the coral reef ecosystems play an important role in the cycle of life. Natural forms of predation, climate, and erosion balance the reproductive cycle of the ecosystem and its growth. Over