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First and Second Order Knowledge in Administrative Development in the Arab World ∗

THE MAIN proposition in this study is that administrative underdevelopment in the Arab world, which is part of the 'less advanced world', is due (besides other possible reasons) to failure in sufficiently acquiring, and effectively using certain required knowledge by concerned administrative systems.1 And for the purpose of clarifying the framework of this study the following three propositions are adopted: One : The state administrative system is, in essence, a number of formal and informal behavioural patterns of individuals and groups of individuals, related by certain formal and informal norms, and directed towards accomplishing certain state goals within given human, material, and time limitations. Two : Public administration is the processes of producing public goods and services in certain quantities and qualities, and the processes of distributing these goods and services according to certain criteria for the purpose of satisfying public demands within the framework of the general state policy and within the limitations of given environmental factors. Three : Qualitative and quantitative changes in norms and behavioural patterns embodying the concerned state administrative system (presumably the dependent variable) should be relevant to qualitative and quantitative