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Modeling strategies for multiphase drag interactions using the material point method

This paper presents an investigation of strategies for handling dissipative phase interactions in the context of multi‐field material point method formulations in which each phase is assigned its own motion. Different families of phase interaction strategies using both nodal and particle‐based approaches are developed, and in particular, a new smoothed volume fraction approach is presented that can handle interaction effects in a general and consistent manner while reducing anomalous effects of phase boundaries and grid crossings. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated via convergence studies using a fundamental model problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.