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Naloxone Injections into the Parabrachial Nucleus/ Kölliker‐Fuse Complex, the preBötzinger Complex and the Caudal Medullary Raphe Reverse Remifentanil‐Induced Respiratory Depression

We have shown that naloxone microinjections into the Parabrachial Nucleus/ Kölliker‐Fuse (PBN/KF) complex and the preBötzinger Complex (preBC) partially reversed remifentanil‐induced respiratory rate depression (1). The magnitude of reversal was dose dependent. The goal of this study was to determine whether additional naloxone injection into the caudal medullary raphe (CMR (2)) could completely reverse the opioid effect.