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The battle against infectious diseases in developing countries: the inseparable twins of diagnosis and therapy.

The lack of treatment of infectious diseases in developing countries is a tragic problem and one of the most serious challenges that the world must face at the beginning of this century. Hundreds of millions of people suffer from transmissible diseases for which treatments exist but for which the patients are not receiving treatment. The case of HIV infection is symbolic: the vast majority of patients are living in countries where access to treatment is difficult, incomplete, or impossible.

The problem of access to treatment has been discussed frequently. By contrast, its crucial connections with the problem of diagnosis are rarely enunciated. However, identification of the etiology of an infectious disease and monitoring of the infection during therapy are required for effective and efficient treatment.

In this issue …