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Ras activation leads to cell proliferation or apoptotic cell death upon interleukin‐2 stimulation or lymphokine deprivation, respectively

Lymphokine‐dependent cells undergo apoptosis upon lymphokine withdrawal. We describe that lymphokine deprivation of the interleukin (IL)‐2‐ or IL‐4‐dependent mouse T cell line TS1αβ induces Ras activation which plays a role in programed cell death, since blocking Ras activity reduces the induction of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by lymphokine deprivation can be prevented by expression of the Bcl‐2 protein. Rescue from cell death by IL‐2 also promotes Ras activation, but, in contrast to lymphokine withdrawal, stimulates Bcl‐2 expression. IL‐4‐induced cell survival is Ras‐ and Bcl‐2 independent. These results are compatible with a model in which cell proliferation requires the simultaneous induction of at least two pathways which act in combination to prevent cell death.