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Association Analysis of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms and Audiometric Measures of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young Musicians.

INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to investigate the association between candidate genetic variants and audiometric measures of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in young musicians.


METHODS
The study analyzed a database by Phillips et al. (Feasibility of a bilateral 4000-6000 Hz notch as a phenotype for genetic association analysis. Int J Audiol 2015;54:645-52.) which included behavioral hearing thresholds, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), tympanometric, and genetic data of 166 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 cochlear genes previously associated with NIHL in factory workers were included in the present investigation. The average hearing threshold at 3000 and 4000 Hz (AHT) and average DPOAE signal to noise ratio (DPOAE SNR) in both ears were calculated.


RESULTS
The regression analyses showed that two SNPs- one in KCNE1 (rs2070358) and the other in CAT (rs12273124) revealed a statistically significant relationship with DPOAE SNR in both ears. Two SNPs in MYH14 and one in GJB4 revealed a significant association with DPOAE SNR in the left ear. Two SNPs in HSP70, one in CDH23 and one in KCNJ10 showed significant association with DPOAE SNR in the right ear. None of the included SNPs showed association with AHT in both ears.


CONCLUSIONS
A genetic variant in KCNE1 was associated with the strength of the cochlear amplifier as assessed by DPOAE SNR. Musicians carrying causal genetic variants to NIHL might exhibit changes in their auditory functions early in the lifespan even when most subjects had their hearing thresholds within normal limits. These participants are likely to show the clinical manifestation of NIHL in the future if no preventive measures are applied.