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[A new thermodynamic function, which allows easy determination of the direction of a reaction and its energetic characteristics].

A new thermodynamic function, namely a universal variable Q, is suggested for the description of reversible chemical reactions. According to the definition, if the reaction is represented by the equation aA + bB = gG + hH, and K is the equilibrium constant, the universal variable Q is: Q = aG(g)aH(h)/(aA(a)aB(b)K). Then, Q is a dimensionless variable, which has the following properties: Q = 1 for the state of equilibrium, Q < 1 for spontaneous reactions, and Q > 1 for the reverse reaction. Knowledge of Q allows determination of the Gibbs energy and standard Gibbs energy by the same formula deltaG = RTlnQ.