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Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by the Editors

Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains produce several secreted cytotoxic proteins in addition to cholera toxin. These include the pore-forming toxin hemolysin and the V. cholerae multifunctional autoprocessing RTX toxin, which causes cell rounding and actin cross-linking. Olivier et al. (p. 5035–5042) associate these toxins with virulence, showing that they cause rapid death in adult mice after oral infection. However, after immunization with a strain lacking these toxins, mice were protected from a subsequent lethal challenge, suggesting that a deletion of these toxins from vaccine strains has no effect on vaccine efficacy.