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B-cell monoclonal lymphocytosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem which affects a significant proportion of the world. About 80% of newly infected patients progress to develop chronic infection. Cirrhosis develops in about 10% to 20% of persons with chronic infection, and liver cancer develops in 1% to 5% of persons with chronic infection over a period of 20 to 30 years. Besides being a hepatotropic virus, HCV is also lymphotropic and its infection affects the B lymphocytes compartments, with the occurrence of B cell proliferative disorders. HCV infection is strongly associated with mixed cryglobulinemia (MC). In addition, HCV has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of B cell non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) outside the context of MC. Several distinct types of NHL can be associated to HCV infection, including diffuse large B celllymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone lymphoma (splenic-SMZL, nodal and extranodal), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL) is an asymptomatic condition characterized by the presence in the peripheral blood of a clonal Bcell population that might evolve in to malignant B cell lymphoproliferative disease, like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or indulant B B-cell monoclonal lymphocytosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection