{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01301775147928994, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.507692307692308, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Review on Speckle Noise Filtering Techniques for SAR Images

the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) preferred for many applications like reconnaissance, surveillance, and targeting because of high resolution and capability of all weather day and night observations. Besides the advantages it suffers from a major problem caused by random phase fluctuations of the return electromagnetic signals. These fluctuations appear as noise in the processed image and known as spackle noise. Speckle noise in SAR is generally more serious, causing difficulties for image interpretation hence it is required to be filtered, but because of multiplicative nature it requires different treatment then additive noise. This paper presents a review and analysis on different spatial and transform domain methods already proposed for filtering Speckle noise in SAR.