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Development of High Resolution Gas Filled Detector for High Energy Physics Experiments

Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is one of the most widely used large area gas filled detectors in experimental high energy physics with a potential to be used in PET imaging. Main characteristics of RPC, which have made it highly attractive are excellent time resolution (∼ 1-2 ns for single-gap and ∼ 50 ps for multi-gap) and good position resolution (1 cm to ∼ 100 μm) coupled with the low cost of fabrication. Till now, RPCs have found their applications in HEP experiments like STAR, ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, BELLE, BaBar, BESIII and neutrino experiments e.g. OPERA. The single gap RPC, first developed by R. Santonico and R. Cardarelli is a gas-filled charged particle detector consisting of two parallel plate electrodes made of resistive materials such as bakelite or glass (bulk resistivity ∼ 10 10 Ω cm) enclosing the gas volume [1]. A uniform gap of 2 mm is maintained by spacers made of materials like polycarbonate whose resistivity is more than the resistivity of the electrode plates. By applying a d.c. high voltage to these electrodes, an electric field is generated across the gas gap. A passing charged particle creates an avalanche in the gas. High resistivity of the electrodes prevents discharge to spread over entire gas volume. The created electron and positive ion pairs while traveling towards the respective electrodes induces signal on the pickup strips placed over the electrode plates. The generated charge is deposited on a small region of the electrode plate and the spot is slowly recharged by current flowing through the plate. If the electric field is even more intense, a ’spark’ breakdown can be initiated by the avalanche.