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Evaluation of biological remains from excavations at Winterton Landfill Site , North Lincolnshire ( site code : WLS 2003 )

Twenty-eight sediment samples, a tiny amount of hand-collected shell, and a small quantity of hand-collected bone, recovered from excavations of early Romano-British (or undated) deposits, at Winterton Landfill Site, North Lincolnshire, were submitted to PRS for an evaluation of their bioarchaeological potential. None of the samples appeared particularly promising for the recovery of ancient biological remains but some did contain charred material. Six (one from each of Trenches 2 and 3, and four from Trench 5 – no samples were taken from Trenches 1 and 4) were selected for evaluation. Plant remains from the washovers from the six samples examined were limited to small or very small amounts of charcoal and a few charred cereal grains. Modern roots were present in all the washovers. No insect remains were recovered from the samples. None of the samples appears to warrant any further analysis for plant remains and it seems unlikely that further deposits at this site will provide useful material for interpretative purposes. However, the possibility that there may be primary feature fills with large concentrations of charred cereal remains should be borne in mind in any further interventions and appropriate sampling and archaeobotanical investigation undertaken. Sufficient charcoal could probably be recovered from Context 2010 for a radiocarbon date to be attempted, though the possibility that the small fragments were from old trunks, and would, therefore, give an unduly old date for the feature, must be considered. The very few recovered shell remains were of no interpretative value and the likelihood that further excavation would recover more useful assemblages appears small. The small vertebrate assemblage recovered from the excavations at Winterton was, on the whole, fairly poorly preserved, with the result that few fragments were identifiable and none were measurable. The deposits investigated during the current excavation show no potential for the survival of interpretatively useful assemblages of bone. The current material need not be retained unless further charred material from Trench 2 contexts (notably Context 2010) is required for radiocarbon dating.