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Nutrient and food group intakes of the Korean preschoolers according to growth status

Dietary habits such as nutrient and food intake are one of the most important factors for growth status, especially in early childhood population. This study was conducted to compare the intakes of nutrients and food groups in according to the growth status using data from national survey. The study included 1,665 subjects aged 2–5 years with 24h diet recall and anthropometric data who participated in the 2009–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Growth status of children was assessed by weight for height (WFH) and height for age (HFA). Children were classified into three groups based on the percentiles of children's WFH and HFA compared to 15th and 85th percentiles of the WHO Child Growth Standard 2 to 5 years. The nutrient and food group intake were compared according to growth status adjusted for potentially confounding variables. In total, 4.2% children were classified as the low WFH group (<15th percentile) and 25.2% children were classified as the high WFH group (≥85th percentile). The low WFH group consumed significantly lower intake of several micronutrients such as sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C, compared with the high WFH group. When compared the food group intake according to the WFH status, cereals and fruits intake were lower and nuts & seeds and fishes & shellfishes were higher in the low WFH group than in the high WFH group. In total, 14.0% children were classified as the low HFA group (<15th percentile) and 10.7% children were classified as the high HFA group (≥85th percentile). The low HFA group had a significantly lower intake of energy and iron, compared with the high HFA group. No significant differences in food group intake according to the HFA status. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of eating habits on the growth and health in Korean early childhood population.