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A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF PENNISETUM SECT. PENNISETUM (GRAMINEAE)

A B S T R A C T Pennisetum sect. Pennisetum includes two reproductively isolated species. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. is a tetraploid (2n = 28) perennial species which occurs throughout the wet tropics of the world. Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke is a diploid (2n = 14) annual species, native to the semi-arid tropics of Africa and India, and contains three morphologically diverse subspecies. Subspecies americanum includes the wide array of cultivated pearl millets. Subspecies monodii from the Sahel of West Africa is identified as the wild progenitor of pearl millet. Subspecies stenostachyum is morphologically intermediate between subsp. americanum and monodii and includes the mimetic weeds often associated with the cultivation of pearl millet. WITH OVER 140 species distributed throughout the tropics of both the Old and New Worlds, Pennisetum L. Rich. (Gramineae) is one of the largest genera in the tribe Paniceae (Pilger, 1940). Previously treated by Leeke (1907) and Stapf and Hubbard (1934) under the synonymous sectional name Penicillaria (Willd.) Steud., Pennisetum section Pennisetum includes pearl millet, a cereal widely cultivated in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and India. While it is currently not a major crop