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The interplay between transnationalism and health: the case of high blood pressure among African transnational migrants

The scholarship of transnationalism has benefited from different research findings in fields such as anthropology, social sciences, political sciences, geography, and health (Smith & Guarnizo, 2009). Research in this field continues to display the dynamics of immigration as continually progressive and evolving as technology advances (Williams, Anderson, & Dourish, 2008). The relationship between transnationalism and health, however, is under-discussed in the literature (Koehn, 2006). In spite of new knowledge of transnationalism and health, much of the evidence in the literature of the early twenty-first century linked that discourse to transnational disease or hazards due to the global scope of social issues. However, the rhetoric of transnationalism and health goes beyond that sphere (Furman & Negi, 2007; Yach & Bettcher, 1998). In light of this, transnationalism and health scholarship analyzes the health of transnational migrants in a broader extent. Transnational migrants are defined as migrants whose daily lives depend on multiple and constant interconnections across international borders and whose public identities are configured in relationship to more than one nation-state (Glick Schiller, Basch, & Blanc-Szanton, 1992, 1995). Researchers agree that transnationalism can include the socio-cultural identity that is shaped by the interconnectivity between more than one geographically distant place (Smith, 2005). As stated by Furman and Negi (2007), transnational migration links with and points to conditions that alter in light of lives continuously engaged across countries and cultures as compared to traditional notions of immigration. Along with the positive aspects of transnationalism in terms of economic and developmental factors, numerous health outcomes are shaped by transnational interactions as well (Koehn, 2006; Pries, 2004), but it becomes crucial to single out transnational migrants as a specific group within the immigrant populations.