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Analytical Perspectives on Shan Agriculture and Village Economics.

in the interior, who are more fundamentally affected by those changes. Nowhere is the tension between the forces for rapid change and the traditional people's attitudes and practices better illustrated than in the case of those Penans who are attempting to maintain their nomadic life in the forests and the loggers who equate forest value with trees cut and logs exported. The third organizing theme concentrates on the greatly increased pace of development and change since the 1960s, a transformation that has seen the population double and, while bringing undoubted benefits to many people, also has incurred some high costs in, especially, ecological and environmental terms. Although the authors were colleagues at the University of Brunei Darussalam, the terms of employment at that institution make it difficult to leave the country, so they probably were unable to travel as widely in Borneo or to observe in as much detail as they might have wished. With the exception of Brunei Darussalam (the Sultan does not like the name to be shortened and the authors almost never do), the book is less of an empirical study and more of a literature review. But with something more than 400 items in the bibliography, it is certainly a comprehensive review and several passages illustrate a close and careful reading of some difficultto-acquire sources. The authors' use of the island instead of the national states as the basis of their exposition is very successful when the subject matter is the history and culture of the Borneo peoples. It is illuminating to see so clearly how those two aspects transcend the current political boundaries. And it is useful and thought-provoking to see the contrasting ways in which separate nations have handled issues such as land rights of native peoples or the administration of oil extraction. But the approach seems less successful for a subject like transmigration, where the discussion is oddly truncated by limiting it only to the effects on Kalimantan. The true value of the book lies in the way it sets a useful context for the interpretation and analysis of development and change in social and environmental terms.