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EFFECTS OF MOIST FROUDE NUMBER AND OROGRAPHIC ASPECT RATIO ON A CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE FLOW OVER A MESOSCALE MOUNTAIN

In order to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts for orographic rain associated with conditionally unstable flow over a mesoscale mountain, understanding of the basic dynamics is necesary. It has been found that several flow and orographic parameters, such as Fw (Fw = U/Nwh; Chu and Lin 2000), CAPE, aspect ratio, moisture content, and vertical distribution of moisture, dictate the nature of orographically induced convective systems. For example, Chu and Lin (2000) identified three moist flow regimes for two-dimensional flow over a mesoscale mountain. Chen and Lin (2005a) extended that work to three-dimensional flow over an idealized Alpine mountain and found that a strong low-level flow is able to produce large accumulations of precipitation over the upslope of the 3-D mountains, which is consistent with observations and the findings of Chu and Lin (2000). Finally, Chen and Lin (2005b) investigated the combined effects of Fw and CAPE and identified four flow regimes: (1) Regime I: flow with an upstream propagating convective system and an early, slowly moving convective system over the mountain; (2) Regime II: flow with a long-lasting orographic convective system over the mountain peak, upslope or lee slope; (3) Regime III: flow with an orographic convective or mixed convective and stratiform precipitation system over the mountain and a downstream propagating convective system; and (4) Regime IV: flow with an orographic stratiform precipitation system over the mountain and possibly a downstream propagating cloud system. Note that the fourth regime (IV) was not included in the flow regimes proposed by Chu and Lin (2000) and Chen and Lin (2005a). In this study, we will consider the effects of the mountain aspect ratio (h/a) and Fw on the formation and propagation of precipitation systems associated with