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Renormalization of the Coulomb interaction in one-dimensional electron systems

Renormalization group methods are used to study the low-energy behavior of the unscreened Coulomb interaction in a one-dimensional electron system. By applying a GW approximation, a strong wavefunction renormalization is found in the model, as well as renormalization of the Fermi velocity. This may have significant effects depending on the filling level of the system. The effective couplings remain bounded at arbitrarily low energies so that, in spite of the long-range character of the interaction, the system still falls into the Luttinger liquid universality class.