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Genetic Relationships of Unisexual-Hybrid Fishes to Their Progenitors Using Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes as Gene Markers (Poeciliopsis, poeciliidae)

In the Rio Fuerte of northwestern Mexico, the viviparous fishes Poeciliopsis monacha and Poeciliopsis lucida have hybridized and produced three all-female "species": P. monacha-lucida, a diploid hybridogenetic form; P. 2 monacha-lucida and P. monacha-2 lucida, both triploid gynogenetic forms. Electrophoresis of eye-tissue extracts from these forms revealed genetic polymorphisms at a lactate dehydrogenase locus (LDH E) in both monacha and lucida. Two codominant alleles, medium E and the fast mutant E', provided three genotypes in monacha-EE, EE', and E'E'. Populations of lucida had, in addition to the medium E allele (electrophoretically equivalent to E in monacha), a slow mutant E'', providing three genotypes-EE", EE'', and E''E''. Crossing experiments demonstrated that the alleles are segregated randomly and autosomally inherited. These polymorphisms provide simple gene markers useful in testing the hybrid origin hypothesis for the unisexual fishes. Populations of monachalucida had three of four possible genotypes-E'E'', EE, and EE''. These genotypes provide evidence for multiple hybrid origins of the diploid unisexual. The two triploids, 2 monacha-lucida and monacha-2 lucida, had only two of many possible genotypes (EEE'' and EE''E'', respectively). These genotypes identified the progenitor contributions and genome dosages for the hybrids, thereby adding strong support for the hybrid origin hypothesis. Inheritance of these alleles in diploid and triploid unisexuals was consistent with previous interpretation of hybridogenetic and gynogenetic reproduction.