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Design of Two-stage Active Equalization System for Liquid Metal Battery Module

The liquid metal battery (LMB), a novel energy storage battery, has many advantages such as high current density, large capacity and low cost. However, due to the inconsistence of LMBs, available capacity of LMB module decreases with usage cycle increasing. To solve the problem, a two-stage active equalization system is proposed for large-scale LMB module in this paper. Advanced flyback circuit and double half bridge circuit are respectively utilized for intra-pack and inter-pack equalization. The equalization system is tested on a module with 24 cells in series. Test results show that, after six charge/discharge cycles, capacity degradation of LMB module is 0.4 Ah while 7 Ah without equalization. The proposed system effectively reduces the capacity degradation of the LMB module and improves its service life.