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Nicotinic acid treatment of bovine ketosis. I. Effects on circulatory metabolites and interrelationships.

Abstract Blood metabolite changes were measured in six subclinically and seven clinically ketotic cows following treatment with four 40-g doses of nicotinic acid given orally at 2-hr intervals. Subclinical ketosis was characterized by hyperketonemia, elevated nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and acetate, and depressed triglycerides, cholesterols, and phospholipids. Clinically ketotic cows displayed hypolactia, hypophagia, hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia, elevated NEFA and acetate, and depression of other lipids. Glucose and triglyceride utilization by the mammary gland was not apparently impaired during ketosis, although marked NEFA uptake may have had a sparing action on triglyceride fatty acids. Appetite returned within 18 hr after treatment. At 48 hr after treatment, NEFA and ketone bodies were further elevated and appetite was again depressed. Blood metabolites and appetite began to return to normal immediately after the rebound phase. Glucose had returned to normal by Day 7, while ketone body concentrations were normal by Day 14. By Day 21, all blood metabolites were within accepted ranges.