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Adult gastric stem cells and their niches

Adult gastric stem cells replenish the gastric epithelium throughout life. Recent studies have identified diverse populations of stem cells, progenitor cells, and even differentiated cells that can regain stem cell capacity, so highlighting an unexpected plasticity within the gastric epithelium, both in the corpus and antrum. Two niches seem to co‐exist in the gastric unit: one in the isthmus region and the other at the base of the gland, although the precise features of the cell populations and the two niches are currently under debate. A variety of gastric organoid models have been established, providing new insights into niche factors required by the gastric stem cell populations. Here we review our current knowledge of gastric stem cell populations, their markers and interactions, important niche factors, and different gastric organoid systems. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e261. doi: 10.1002/wdev.261