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The double cusp has five minima

The double cusp is the real, compact, unimodal singularity see (2), (4). Functions in a universal unfolding of the double cusp can have nine non-degenerate critical points near the origin, but no more. Index considerations show that precisely four of the nine are saddles, and it has long been part of the folklore of singularity theory that one of the other five must be a maximum. Indeed, a standard form of the unfolded double cusp (1), (3) is a function having a pair of intersecting ellipses as one of its level curves; see Fig. 1(a). There are saddles at the four intersection points, a maximum inside the central quadrilateral, and a minimum inside each of the other four finite regions bounded by the ellipses. The rest of Fig. 1 suggests, however, that a deformation of this function (in which one of the saddles drops below the level of the other three) might turn the maximum into a fifth minimum. The following proposition shows that a function similar to the one in Fig. 1(d) can be realized in an unfolding of the double cusp.