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PEDro systematic review update: exercise for coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. 2 Owing to advances in treatments and a focus on aggressive risk factor reduction, the mortality rate has decreased, especially in older people. This means that more people with CHD will survive and will thus require ongoing management of their condition. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) encompasses different interventions such as exercise, risk factor education and reduction, behaviour change and psychological support. Although exercise-based CR after a cardiac event is safe and recommended by multiple cardiac societies, it is still underutilised. Exercise training has direct benefits on the cardiovascular system and can also work indirectly, by reducing risk factors for CHD.