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In vitro evaluation of a high-frequency current-switching stimulation technique for FES applications

Conventional neural stimulators require large off-chip blocking capacitors at the output to each stimulating electrode for charge balance and for preventing direct current flow through the electrodes under single-fault conditions. The physical size of these off-chip blocking capacitors is a bottleneck for the development of miniaturized multi-channel implantable stimulators for funtional electrical stimulation (FES) applications. To overcome this limitation, we have recently proposed a high-frequency current-switching (HFCS) technique which allows the size of the required blocking capacitors to be reduced to the picofarad range; hence these can be integrated onto the same chip as the rest of the stimulation circuitry. In this paper, we report experimental results in vitro on the sciatic nerve of a xenopus (frog) using a custom-made HFCS stimulator. These results demonstrate the practicality of stimulating real nerve by the HFCS technique.