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Licensed Nursing Staff Reductions and Substitutions in Pennsylvania Hospitals, 1991–1997

Nurses report a decline in RN/patient and skill mix in the 1990s while quantitative studies fail to confirm this. This study examines aggregate hospital nursing staff in Pennsylvania from 1991–1997, focusing on changes in licensed nursing staff. It finds that licensed nursing staff declined while nursing assistants increased in this period. With adjustment for patient acuity, there was a slight decrease in RN/adjusted patient days of care (APDC), a 23% decrease in LPN/APDC, and a 4% decrease in licensed nurse/APDC. The RN/nurse ratio increased slightly, and licensed nurse/nurse fell slightly. Since RNs often operate in environments which make use of teams of licensed staff, nurses' perceptions of a decline in the RN/patient ratio is a result of the decline in licensed staff/APDC, and of an increase in patient acuity.