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Can Turkish-Armenian music diplomacy emulate the Turkish-Greek example?: prospects and limitations

ABSTRACT Intractable conflicts and rooted enmity can hardly be eradicated through top-down policy changes unless the policy involves people to people interactions, which lie at the heart of citizen diplomacy. Citizen diplomacy initiatives that rest on civil society are essential tools in creating spaces for discussion and understanding. Although citizen diplomacy initiatives such as cultural exchanges transcend borders and cultures by way of building bridges, these initiatives may have limited impact unless they reach the mainstream and have the necessary political will. This paper aims to analyze the role of music as a cultural catalyzer in turning over a new leaf on the Turkish-Greek conflict, and in doing so it assesses its potential role in alleviating the historical tension between Turkey and Armenia. Cultural collaboration and exchange by way of music has not been a significant part of Turkish-Armenian rapprochement efforts despite the historical interconnectedness of Turkish and Armenian music traditions. This paper concludes that music diplomacy is a positive confidence-building measure in culturally normalizing the “other”, however its application by civil society and popularity is interdependent on simultaneous political processes in which high politics determine low politics interactions.