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Distributed model predictive control for building energy systems in distribution grids

The trend to electrify the heating sector is a logical method to reduce carbon emissions, but causes additional challenges for distribution grids. Demand-side management (DSM) via model predictive control (MPC) is considered a promising strategy to mitigate the impact on the distribution grid. This paper introduces a scalable distributed MPC approach to coordinate the residual load of multiple buildings equipped with heat pumps. The problem formulation includes valley filling as a global objective and energy minimization as a local objective for the single buildings. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is shown and the benefit of coordinated DSM for distribution system operators demonstrated.