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Bistable electroactive polymer with sharp rigid-to-rubbery phase transition

Bistable electroactive polymers (BSEP) usually exhibit glass transition that spans a rather broad temperature range and are normally actuated above 70 °C. High actuation temperature limits the BSEP for wearable and personal assistive applications. A phase-changing polymer is synthesized and employed as BSEP having a narrow rigid-to-rubbery transition temperature range. Shape memory effect with both fixation and recovery rate close to 100% was observed. Diaphragm actuators of the BSEP can be electrically actuated at 50 °C up to 70% strain, and the deformed shape was fixed after cooling the BSEP below the transition temperature. The rigid-to-rigid actuation can be repeated for at least 10,000 cycles.