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Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data

Abstract. A ground based high spectral resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational at Addis Ababa (9.0° N, 38.76° E, 2443 m a.s.l.) since May 2009 to obtain information on the total column abundances and vertical distribution of various constituents in the atmosphere. The retrieval strategy and the results on information content and corresponding full error budget evaluation for methane and nitrous oxide retrievals are presented. They reveal the high quality of FTIR measurements at Addis Ababa. The FTIR products of CH4 and N2O have been compared to coincident volume mixing ratio (VMR) measurements obtained from the reduced spectral resolution (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research) IMK/IAA MIPAS satellite instrument (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder on board of the Aura satellite (Aura/MLS) (MLS v3.3 of N2O and CH4 derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, N2O and H2O) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). From comparison of FTIR CH4 and IMK/IAA MIPAS V5R_CH4_224, a statistically significant bias between −4.8 and +4.6 % in altitude ranges of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (15–27 km) are determined. The largest negative bias in FTIR CH4 is found in the altitude range of 11–19 km with a maximum difference of −0.08 ppmv (−4.8 %) at around 15 km, a positive bias of less than 0.14 ppmv (9 %) is found in the altitude range of 21 to 27 km with a maximum value at around 27 km with respect to AIRS. On the other hand, comparison of CH4 from ground based FTIR and MLS-derived CH4 (version 3.3) indicate existence of a signiﬁcant positive bias of 2.3 % to 11 % in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km and a negative bias −1.7 % at 17 km. In the case of N2O derived from FTIR and MIPAS V5R_N2O_224 comparison, a signiﬁcant positive bias of less than 15 % in the altitude range 22–27 km with a maximum value at around 25 km and a negative bias of −7 % have been found at 17 km. A positive bias of less than 18.6 % in FTIR N2O for the altitude below 27 km is noted when compared to MLS v3.3 N2O. Precision of ground based FTIR CH4 and N2O in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Addis Ababa are better than 7.2 % and 9 %, respectively which are comparable to the bias obtained from the comparisons.