{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021922428330522766, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.827586206896552, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Border paradox: crossing, experiencing and representing borders between Bologna and Modena in the early modern period

This essay considers how image-makers tackled the paradox of a border marked by water, the instability of which escaped definitive representation. Based on unpublished manuscript material – maps, official reports, drawing, and texts – from the State Archives of Bologna and Modena, the article demonstrates the potential of borders themselves to subvert official definitions of authority as well as geographical constraints, introducing concepts of mobility and instability.