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Does protein kinase C require Ca2+ for activation?

Ca2+ requirement for protein kinase C activation is a matter of controversy. In this report we have examined Ca2+ dependency of the reaction in different assay systems and shown that the enzyme response to Ca2+, as well as diacylglycerol, depends upon phospholipid species, protein substrate and lipid conformation (micelles or sonicates). These results emphasize that the enzyme characteristics as defined in reconstituted membrane systems may not have a physiological relevance.