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Floral variation and its effect on self-pollination in Salvia splendens

Summary Flowers of Salvia splendens were classified into two morphological types. Structures, self-pollination and flowering patterns of these two types of flowers, in which anthers can (type I) or cannot (type II) touch the stigmas, were investigated. The differences in the distances between anthers and stigmas were primarily a result of differences in the distances between the bases of the corollas and the insertion of the filament on the corolla tube. In each pistil, only one of two style branches had a stigmatic surface which extended half way to the top surface of the branch and a stigma branch was always situated below a non-stigma branch. Pollen load on the stigmatic surface and seed set under pollinator-free conditions were greater in type I than in type II flowers. Self-pollination in type I flowers was significantly affected by wind. In plants seeded in April and May at a site where S. splendens grew vigorously in mid-summer at a relatively low temperature, anthesis of the type I flowers always preceded that of the type II flowers, and flowering of the type II flowers began in September. The number of type II flowers that had opened by 20 October was less than 30% of the total flowers. In plants seeded in May and cultured at a place with relatively high temperatures in summer, anthesis of both type I and II flowers began simultaneously from September. The number of type II flowers that had opened by 31 January was 50% of the total.