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Passive Roadside Reflectors and Communications Systems for Improvement of Radar Reliability

This report describes a project which examined and evaluated the concept of using passive roadside reflectors (PRRs) to increase the utility of automotive radar systems. Through simulations and experiments, it is demonstrated that PRRs on the shoulder and the median of a road can enable the radar system to pick up cross traffic at highway intersections and measure cross traffic distance. The project also explored options for using PRRs to improve radar measurements on highway curves. Using simulations and experiments, it was found that the effective range of the radar on highway curves could be doubled by using certain types of PRRs. The report also describes the development of road-embedded wireless sensors that can detect a passing vehicle and its velocity. These sensors can enable the vehicle receiving wireless information from the embedded sensors to estimate the location of different vehicles on a curve. Finally, in order to ensure that the developed sensors are maintenance-free, the sensors are designed to operate by harvesting energy from vibrations of the road. The sensors harvest energy using piezoelectric patches and then use this energy for wireless transmission, thus ensuring that the embedded sensors do not need power supply lines nor batteries.