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A Pareto firefly algorithm for multi-objective disassembly line balancing problems with hazard evaluation

The safety hazards existing in the process of disassembling waste products pose potential harms to the physical and mental health of the workers. In this article, these hazards involved in the disassembly operations are evaluated and taken into consideration in a disassembly line balancing problem. A multi-objective mathematical model is constructed to minimise the number of workstations, maximise the smoothing rate and minimise the average maximum hazard involved in the disassembly line. Subsequently, a Pareto firefly algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The random key encoding method based on the smallest position rule is used to adapt the firefly algorithm to tackle the discrete optimisation problem of the disassembly line balancing. To avoid the search being trapped in a local optimum, a random perturbation strategy based on a swap operation is performed on the non-inferior solutions. The validity of the proposed algorithm is tested by comparing with two other algorithms in the existing literature using a 25-task phone disassembly case. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to solve a refrigerator disassembly line problem based on the field investigation and a comparison of the proposed Pareto firefly algorithm with another multi-objective firefly algorithm in the existing literature is performed to further identify the superior performance of the proposed Pareto firefly algorithm, and eight Pareto optimal solutions are obtained for decision makers to make a decision.