{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04118773946360153, 'fraction_numerical': 0.031130268199233715, 'mean_word_length': 4.5855614973262036, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Simultaneous detection of ozone and nitrogen dioxide by oxygen anion chemical ionization mass spectrometry: a fast-time-response sensor suitable for eddy covariance measurements

Abstract. We report on the development, characterization, and field
deployment of a fast-time-response sensor for measuring ozone ( O3 ) and
nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) concentrations utilizing chemical ionization
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CI-ToFMS) with oxygen anion
( O 2 - ) reagent ion chemistry. We
demonstrate that the oxygen anion chemical ionization mass spectrometer
(Ox-CIMS) is highly sensitive to both O3 (180 counts s −1  pptv −1 ) and NO2 (97 counts s −1  pptv −1 ), corresponding to
detection limits ( 3σ , 1 s averages) of 13 and 9.9 pptv,
respectively. In both cases, the detection threshold is limited by the
magnitude and variability in the background determination. The short-term
precision (1 s averages) is better than 0.3 % at 10 ppbv O3 and 4 %
at 10 pptv NO2 . We demonstrate that the sensitivity of the O3 
measurement to fluctuations in ambient water vapor and carbon dioxide is
negligible for typical conditions encountered in the troposphere. The
application of the Ox-CIMS to the measurement of O3 vertical fluxes
over the coastal ocean, via eddy covariance (EC), was tested during the summer of
2018 at Scripps Pier, La Jolla, CA. The observed mean ozone deposition
velocity ( vd ( O3 )) was 0.013 cm s −1 with a campaign ensemble
limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0027 cm s −1 at the 95 % confidence
level, from each 27 min sampling period LOD. The campaign mean and 1
standard deviation range of O3 mixing ratios was 41.2±10.1  ppbv. Several fast ozone titration events from local NO emissions were
sampled where unit conversion of O3 to NO2 was observed,
highlighting instrument utility as a total odd-oxygen ( O x = O 3 + NO 2 ) sensor. The demonstrated precision, sensitivity, and time
resolution of this instrument highlight its potential for direct
measurements of O3 ocean–atmosphere and biosphere–atmosphere exchange
from both stationary and mobile sampling platforms.