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North American impact structures hold giant field potential

i m p a c t s t r u c t u r e s occur in petroliferous areas of North America, nine of which are being exploited for commercial hydrocarbons. Production comes from impact-affected granites, carbonate rocks, and sandstones yielding from 30 b/d to over 2 million b/d of oil plus over 1.4 bcfd of gas. Reservoirs are found in central uplifts, rims, slump terraces, and ejecta and probably in subcrater fracture zones. Disrupted rocks in proximity to impact structures, such as Chicxulub in the Gulf of Mexico off Yucatan, also contain hydrocarbon deposits. In some cases hydrothermal activity attending impact events can diminish reservoir quality, and talus deposits resulting from erosion of the central uplift and rim afford alternative drilling targets. The drilling success rates for new field wildcats and total wells into confirmed astroblemes are about 21% and 77%, respectively. These figures approximate the industry’s overall success rates for wells drilled during the past 5 years. Roughly 50% of confirmed astroblemes and astrobleme anomalies in petroleum provinces are commercial oil and gas fields. Outstanding statistics include a 7,200 b/d drillstem test in the Ames impact structure, a 4.3 bcfd calculated absolute open flow potential test at the Sierra Madera astrobleme, and a well having a 2,850 ft oil column (1,600 ft of net pay) in the Red Wing Creek impact structure. Reserves are also impressive, ranging from 3 million bbl of oil at Steen River to 30 billion bbl of oil and 15 tcf of gas associated with Chicxulub. The current estimated gross income of oil and gas production from confirmed impact events in North America is $16 billion/year. To determine the hypothetical hydrocarbon potential from undiscovered or unrecognized astroblemes in U.S. petroleum basins, the exercise of overlaying the distribution pattern of Canadian Shield astroblemes onto the lower 48 states was performed. The results suggest, intuitively at least, the presence in basement rocks of impact structures with potential reserves ranging from 5 billion bbl to over 105 billion bbl.