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Chemical Composition of Ocimum americanum In Sudan

Published by: OZZIE Publishers Abstract Plants are one of the most important of medicines. Basil (Ocimum americanum) is one such plant which symbolize all that is extraordinary in nature because the entire whole plant has been used traditional medicine for household remedy against various human from antiquity. The genus O.americanum is known to include species accumulating essential oils. In this study the secondary metabolites of both flowers and leaves of O.americanum which occur in the central Sudan. The proximate analysis to samples showed the percentage of moisture content, total ash, crude fiber and fiber protein of the leave and flowers. The elemental analysis used Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and flame emission for Ca, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Pb and Mn plant under study. Preliminary phytochemical screening for carbohydrate, reducing sugars, monosaccharide, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, protein, amino acids and anthraquinones were performed. Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis of n-hexane extracts, 22 nature compounds were recorder, most of the identified compounds in the extracts were terponoids in O.americanum monoterpenes were found to be7.29% and sesquiterpenes (4.80%)whereas alcohols and fatty acids were found to be the major constituents (1Octanol 39.09% and Octyl acetate 38.87%) respectively. The results obtained showed that O.americanum is a good source of food and therapeutic agents which could be of use food and pharmaceutical industries information about the chemical composition of the oil could then be useful in the classification of this plant.