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Purification and partial characterization of the phosphoglucomutase isozymes from human placenta.

We have developed a simple procedure for the purification of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozymes from human placenta of healthy women. The technique involves the ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange and dye-ligand chromatographies. By this method we obtained homogeneous isozyme preparations of the products ("primary" and "secondary") of the two PGM1 and PGM2 loci. The final specific activities were 1134.6-1441.8 units/mg for PGM1 forms and 40.2-46.5 units/mg for PGM2 forms. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, the final preparations gave a single protein band of 58,500 and 69,000 Mr for PGM1 and PGM2 isozymes, respectively. These forms have the same kinetic properties, but from the substrate specificity experiments we have found that PGM2 forms are more effective for catalyzing the phosphoribomutase and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase reaction than PGM1 forms. All these properties are shared by the same isozymes previously isolated from human erythrocytes but in this procedure the use of human placenta for the PGM isozymes purification takes advantage of high specific activity of PGM in the extracts of this tissue as well as obtaining highly homogeneous protein suitable for studies at molecular level.