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K. S. LAMP, A CITY OF MARBLE: THE RHETORIC OF AUGUSTAN ROME (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication). Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 195, illus.isbn 9781611172775 (bound); 9781611173369 (e-book). US$49.95 (bound).

Divus Iulius (RIC I 74, no. 415). In ch. 7, K.’s focus turns more to the ways, both human and ‘divine’, in which Augustus was honoured during his reign. K. brings to the fore more clearly than Ittai Gradel (Emperor Worship and Roman Religion (2002)) the dynamic and varied nature of worship offered to Augustus by individuals and communities across Italy that evolved in the absence of guidance from the centre; the complex distinction between public and private that runs through his analysis reinforces the distinction between Rome and the rest. K. helpfully illuminates notions such as numen Augustum which emerged as part of the on-going negotiation of what having human rulers who became (or would become) gods meant. Ch. 8 highlights the difference between the sculptural representations of Divus Iulius and Divus Augustus, the latter predominately, in ‘ofcial’ representations, fully-clothed, togate and with a radiate crown. The hipmantled Divus Julius, now fully assimilated into his divine rôle, offered a style that was widely adopted by municipal worthies from the mid-rst century A.D.; eventually all specic reference to Divus Iulius was forgotten and the hipmantle merely became a conventional vehicle of aggrandizement. Finally, in taking his focus outside Italy K. argues for the conjoined representation of Roma and Augustus in the temples erected to the pair and demonstrates how the hipmantle became common on the funerary monuments of the Greek provinces. K. has produced a work with a clear thesis supported by much subtle argument that illuminates how divinization was a dynamic process. Those interested in ruler cult and the broad acceptance of the Principate will read it with particular benet.