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The influence of individual, task and environmental constraint interaction on skilled behaviour in Australian Football training

ABSTRACT An important consideration for sport practitioners is the design of training environments that facilitate skill learning. This study presented a method to determine individual (age, games played, height, mass, and position), environmental (activity type) and task (pressure and possession time) constraint interaction to evaluate player training behaviour. Skill actions (n = 7301) were recorded during training activities (n = 209) at a single professional Australian Football club and four measures of player behaviour were determined: disposal frequency, kick percentage, pressure, and possession time. K-means clustering assigned training activities into four groups, with regression trees used to determine the interaction between constraints and their influence on disposal frequency and type. For most regression trees, only the environmental constraint was included. This showed all players adapted similarly to the constraints of each training activity. In one exception, a critical value of 60 games experience was identified as an individual constraint which interacted with activity type one to influence disposal frequency. Practically, this individual constraint value could be used to guide training design by grouping players of similar experience together. This study is presented as a practical tool for sport practitioners, which considers constraint interaction, to evaluate player behaviour and inform training design.