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Desertification Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Technology

Desertification phenomena started spreading worldwide at high speed since the second half of the last century. United Nations reports indicate that about 35 million square kilometers of land are subject to desertification effects. This is accompanied with a loss of about 26 billion American dollars of agricultural production. This is why desertification is becoming the most natural phenomena that attracts attention of world authorities and specialists. The dry land which is subject to desertification covers about 90 per cent of the Arab world. In these lands concentrate most of the agricultural resources of the Arab world. Hence, desertification phenomena resembles the most serious and challenging natural phenomena for the Arab world. That is due to its direct and hard effect on development. It is directly related to life needs such as water resources and plantation which are necessary to both human beings and animals. Remote sensing technology has been used to help scientists to understand the concepts and to monitor the changes of the Earth constituents, both exterior and interior, that take place through time. That is because of the ability of remote sensors to provide a broad and repetitive view of the Earth planet. One of these changes is the process of desertification. This paper is an attempt to present desertification as an effective phenomena, its causes, consequences and henceforth application of remote sensing in monitoring its expansion. Some of the studies that were carried out for the use of remote sensing in monitoring expansion of desertification in some Arab countries would be reviewed.