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Some Thoughts On Basic Concepts and Future Directions In The Study of Inter-Group Conflict

It is a pleasure to address the distinguished members of the Peace Science Society, an organization that is on two edges; the cutting edge of scientific efforts in the study of conflict, and the ragged edge of survival, both of which encourage broader interdisciplinary participation. Some methods for increasing the Society's support and visibility may be briefly suggested. For some years, I have attempted to enhance the Society's interdisciplinary composition but the difficulty of accomplishing this leads to the consideration of some indirect means: Relevant scholars in the region of each national meeting should be invited to participate. The papers of Morel and Dawes here demonstrate the value of this approach.' Strong social science departments outside of the host should be identified and asked to participate as adjunct host. They would not have responsibility for the organization of the meetings but that status might encourage participation by their scholars. My past attempts at joint meetings with large psychology associations resulted in little participation by non-Society members. Nevertheless, the newly formed peace sections of APA and ASA should be approached for joint sponsorship at national meetings. Two brief examples may reinforce the advantages of cross disciplinary interchange. Carnevale and Pruitt (1992) identified several motivational orientations of negotiators. They conclude, however, that "All of the mathematical models of negotiation assume an individualistic orientation, and .... subjects have [frequently] been instructed to be concerned only with their own outcomes" (p. 539).2 Interdisciplinary efforts are a two way street since experimentation also benefits from reminders about real world complexities. For example, the 'Sin cc... then' reasoning of experimental research should be replaced by a 'When ... then' logic. Because the social complexities cannot be fully captured in the laboratory, the conclusion 1.