{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019559902200488997, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004889975550122249, 'mean_word_length': 4.7924528301886795, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Gelatine microbubble as bioactive porogen in calcium phosphate cement

The objective of this study was to prepare instant macroporous calcium
 phosphate cement (CPC) with enhanced degradation rate and improved initial
 cell adhesion by simply incorporating lab-made gelatine microbubble (Gel MB)
 as dry porogen into the cement. From the study, it was found that viscosity
 of the cement paste was a key parameter to produce small or large macropores
 in the cements. Pore size was also determined by microbubble size, which was
 originally controlled by gelatine concentration in a bubble fabrication
 process. CPC with high porosity (60%) and acceptable cement setting time
 could be obtained from the study by incorporating 10 wt.% gelatine into the
 cement. Greater number of MC3T3-cells were found on the surface of the Gel
 MB loaded CPCs. The increase of initial cell adhesion may be attributed to
 protein molecules adhered on the cement surface and increase of surface
 roughness after porogen disintegration. In sum, a one-step composite cement
 paste production, proposed in the study, may be applicable for fabricating
 rapid macropores in CPCs with improved cell adhesion for bone tissue
 engineering applications.