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Abstract 4584: A novel combination of a multipeptide KRAS vaccine and an ACAT1 inhibitor to prevent lung cancer

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene encodes a small GTPase that cycles between GDP and GTP-bound states, which modulates important cell surface receptors essential for cell proliferation and survival. It is one of the most common drivers for many types of cancers, is present in up to 25% all human tumors, and 80% of mutation occurs in codon12. Efforts to target KRAS-driven cancers preventively or therapeutically have been unsuccessful. We recently formulated a multi-peptide KRAS vaccine (KVAX), which targets both wild-type and G12D mutant forms of KRAS and has 100% sequence homology between human and mouse. KVAX elicited strong immunologic response and exhibited striking cancer preventive efficacy when administered prior to KRAS mutation induction. However, clinical high-risk individuals may already express mutant KRAS, which has known to promote an immunosuppressive environment. Therefore, we combined KVAX with avasimibe (AVA), an ACAT1 inhibitor that modulates lipid metabolism in T cells and facilitates better TCR/peptide/MHC interactions, in syngeneic lung cancer mouse model and genetically engineered mouse model, in which mutant KRAS initiated lung tumorigenesis before vaccination. We found that the combination significantly decreased the presence of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, facilitated CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor sites, and ultimately led to enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. Using 10X Genomics, we performed single cell RNA-seq on lung tumors from mice treated with KVAX and AVA and found significant increases in APC monocytes and CD4+ Th1 cells, especially increases in the effector/memory T cell population. Meanwhile, KVAX also decreased Tregs and M2 macrophages. These studies include the evaluation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and provide a more detailed mechanisms of action of KVAX alone or in combination with AVA in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Citation Format: Jing Pan, Qi Zhang, Katie Palen, Bryon Johnson, Li Wang, Shizuko Sei, Robert H. Shoemaker, Ronald A. Lubet, Yian Wang, Ming You. A novel combination of a multipeptide KRAS vaccine and an ACAT1 inhibitor to prevent lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4584.