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Surgical management of pancreatic cancer--distal pancreatectomy.

Distal pancreatectomy is the standard procedure for tumors located in the body and tail of the pancreas. In the last three decades, significant progress has been made with regard to technical aspects as well as perioperative care so that excellent mortality and morbidity rates can be achieved. Recently, there is growing evidence that distal pancreatectomy may be performed laparoscopically in selected patients, offering the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Unfortunately, the oncologic outcomes for pancreatic adenocarcinoma remain poor, in part due to the late stage of presentation in most patients. We review the history of distal pancreatectomy, discuss current indications for performing this procedure, compare operative techniques in performing distal pancreatectomy, and review both the early complications seen in patients who have undergone a distal pancreatectomy and the long-term metabolic and oncologic outcomes of these patients.