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Behavior of the Golden Eagle: An Illustrated Ethogram

This ethogram for the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) provides a thorough description of ~100 relatively short-term and discrete “action patterns” (e.g., “head-bob”) that form the basis of more complex and longer-term activity patterns, such as nesting or migration. The ethogram is organized into 12 nonexclusive “classes” of behavior, within which the action patterns are nested. Specifically, action patterns are described within the contexts of the hatching process, postures, vision-related actions, vocalizations, maintenance behavior, locomotion, predation and carcass handling, ingestion and elimination, nestling social behavior, mated pair social behavior, territoriality, and parental social behavior. The detailed descriptions, accompanied by a generous peppering of illustrations, are very helpful in visualizing the action patterns described within the volume. Herein lies what I see as the greatest potential values of this volume: (1) to provide eagle specialists with common terminology to describe detailed behaviors observed during research and monitoring activities, and (2) to serve as a primer for fledgling eagle and other raptor researchers. Additionally, the author’s experience with captive eagles lends itself to insights that would be hard to glean in the field. For example, details on adult body posture and movements during egg laying may allow remote observers to correctly infer the time of laying without nest intrusion via motion-sensitive cameras or drones. The author heroically attempts to enliven the somewhat unavoidable tedium that arises from enumerating a comprehensive list of behaviors with anecdotes, personal insights, and selected citations. Regardless, it is a catalog of action patterns, and I found straightthrough reading a bit of a challenge. Fortunately, the well-organized volume includes both a thematic and alphabetical index to help the reader find particular action patterns of interest, and to categorize behaviors into broader activity classes. The volume also briefly delves into interesting, but somewhat selective aspects of Golden Eagle research history, research best practices, and conservation concerns. Overall, this is a valuable book for those immersed or entering into the world of eagle research, although it may be too specialized for more general audiences.