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The role of probe trial distractors in the production/removal of the spatial negative priming effect

When a current (probe trial) target arises at a location formerly occupied by a distractor event (prime trial; ignored-repetition trial), its reaction time is slower than when it occurs at a previously empty location (control trial), revealing a spatial negative priming (SNP) effect. Here, we examined the influence of prime- and probe trial distractor identity similarity on the retrieval of the stored representations of prime trial processing (i.e., indexed by SNP production), in a context where the prevention of the SNP phenomenon had been motivated (via low probability of probe distractor presence—.25). Two results were important. One, the SNP effect was evident when the prime–probe distractor identities fully matched, but not when they partially or totally mismatched, showing a retrieval role for the probe distractor. Two, target-repeat trial latency facilitation showed the same pattern, indicating that representations of prime target and distractor processing are retrieved together, indicative of an episodic storage format. Since target identity remained fixed, the role of a matching probe distractor identity in SNP production was to presumably complete the triggering requirement (i.e., full event identity matching) for accessing the episodically stored representations.