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Factors controlling the seasonal distribution of pelagic Sargassum

Observations of pelagic Sargassum date back centuries (Dickson 1894), sparking debate over its origins and life history for much of that time (Deacon 1942). The species of the brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae) Sargassum, S. fluitans and S. natans, form floating aggregations or ‘rafts’ over much of the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. Both species are holopelagic, having no attached benthic stage in their life cycle, and reproduce solely vegetatively by fragmentation (Butler et al. 1983, Stoner 1983). Changes in Sargassum abundance from the early to the late 20th century have been suggested but