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Predictors of behaviour change for unhealthy sleep patterns among Indian dental students

Abstract Objective The present study aimed at determining predictors of sleep behaviour change among dental students using the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behaviour change in India. Methods This study was conducted among 535 students of a dental college in India. Predictors of sleep behaviour change were assessed using a validated 30-item questionnaire. Theoretical predictors of sleep behaviour were modelled using multiple linear regression. Results The response rate was 95.10%. A total of 449 of 535 students filled in the form, out of which 127 (28.30%) were inadequate sleepers. Inadequate sleep behaviour showed a strong preponderance within the male population (81.9%). The percentage of inadequate sleepers was highest in second year undergraduates and those obtaining between 60 and 69.9% marks in previous exams. For the initiation model, the standardised regression coefficients (β) for the three constructs – participatory dialogue, behavioural confidence and change in physical environment were 0.050 [p = 0.579, 95% (confidence interval)CI: −0.039 to 0.070], 0.213 (p = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.029–0.320) and 0.062 (p = 0.496, 95% CI: −0.073 to 0.149), respectively. For the sustenance model, β for emotional transformation, practice for change and changes in social environment was 0.192 (p = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.002–0.250), 0.175 (p = 0.091, 95% CI: −0.024 to 0.318) and 0.046 (p = 0.623, 95% CI: −0.094 to 0.157), respectively. Conclusion Improving behavioural confidence and bringing about emotional transformation were significant predictors for a reduction in inadequate sleep behaviour in dental students. Working on these predictors may improve sleep behaviours in dental students.