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Clinical effect of simvastatin gel with bone graft in grade II furcation defects: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of 1.2 mg/mL simvastatin (SMV) gel with hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft in the surgical treatment of mandibular Grade II furcation defects compared with HA bone graft, SMV, and placebo after open-flap debridement (OFD). Materials and Methods: The present study was a single-center, triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial wherein 23 mandibular grade II furcation defects from 15 chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned for treatment with either placebo gel (group 1; n = 5), HA (group 2; n = 6), SMV (group 3; n = 6), and SMV + HA (group 4; n = 6). Clinical parameters at the furcation defect site, such as horizontal and vertical probing depth (HPD and VPD), vertical clinical attachment level (VCAL), radiologic parameters, such as vertical defect depth in intraoral periapical radiograph (IOPA), vertical and horizontal defect depth, and volume of defect in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were recorded at baseline, 3, and 6 months postoperatively and analyzed using SPSS software. For intragroup comparison, paired t test and Wilcoxon test were used, and for intergroup comparison, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Results: SMV + HA group had improvement in all the clinical parameters when compared to baseline but were not significantly different when compared to other groups. However, statistically significant improvement in HPD was evident in SMV + HA group at 3 months (1.8 ± 1.3; P = 0.019; P < 0.05) when compared to HA group. In CBCT, SMV + HA group had significant improvement in VDD, HDD, and volume of the defect whereas in IOPA, there was no significant findings. Conclusion: Simvastatin with HA is more effective in reducing the horizontal component of grade II furcation defects.