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Pharmacological Profile of SMP-797, a Novel Acyl-Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor with Inducible Effect on the Expression of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor

We investigated the pharmacological profile of SMP-797, a novel hypocholesterolemic agent. SMP-797 showed inhibitory effects on acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activities in various microsomes and in human cell lines, and hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet and hamsters fed a normal diet. In hamsters, the reduction of total cholesterol level by SMP-797 was mainly due to the decrease of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level rather than that of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol level. Interestingly, SMP-797 increased the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in vivo when it decreased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. SMP-797 also increased low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in HepG2 cells like atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, although other acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor had no effect. In addition, SMP-797 had no effect on cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells. These results suggested that the increase of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression by SMP-797 was independent of its acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitory action and did not result from the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. In conclusion, these results suggest that SMP-797 is a novel hypocholesterolemic agent showing a cholesterol-lowering effect in which the increase of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor expression as well as the inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase is involved.