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Control mechanisms of larval diapause and quiescence in Trogus mactator, an endoparasite of papilionids

First instar larvae of Trogus mactator Tosquinet (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) developed to second instar immediately after pupation of the host, Papilio xuthus L., under a short photoperiod (L10: D14) as well as under a long photoperiod (L15: D9). The host went into diapause as pupa under short photoperiods, and the parasite at the third instar in the host pupa. They responded independently to short photoperiods. The critical photoperiods for diapause induction both in the parasite and the host were between 12 and 13 h, but there was a slight disparity between them. Diapause of neither the parasite nor the parasitized host was terminated under short photoperiods. Diapause of the parasite in a diapausing host pupa was completed when it was transferred to an incubator having a long photoperiod. This suggests that the exposure to a long photoperiod breaks diapause in the parasite irrespective of physiological conditions of the host. The period from the change in photoperiod to time of parasite emergence shortened as the change was made later. The parasite remaining in a host pupa for 60 days completed diapause even under a short photoperiod when it was implanted into a nondiapausing host pupa, or when 20‐hydroxyecdysone was injected into the parasitized and diapausing host pupa. These results indicate that the physiological development for diapause termination in T. mactator seems to complete 60 days after host pupation and endogenous ecdysteroids are somehow involved in termination of diapause in the parasite.