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The Aldol Condensation

Chalcone is a disubstituted alkene, which can exist as either the cis or trans isomer. The stereochemistry of a disubstituted alkene can usually be determined using 1 H-NMR by calculating the coupling constant (J) for one of the alkene hydrogens. Typically, cis alkenes have a J between 8 to 10 Hz, while trans alkenes have a J between 12 to 18 Hz. For a hydrogen that is split into a doublet, J can be calculated by taking the difference in the frequency of the two peaks (in ppm) and multiplying by the operating frequency of the NMR.