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A Deep Learning‐based Computer Vision Approach for Comparative Monarch Butterfly Phenotype Identification in Citizen Science

In recent years, the monarch butterfly's iconic migration patterns have come under threat from a number of factors, from climate change to pesticide use. To track trends in their populations, scientists as well as citizen scientists must identify individuals accurately. This is key because there exist other species of butterfly, such as viceroy butterflies, that are “look‐alikes,” having similar phenotypes. To tackle this problem and to aid in more efficient identification, we present MonarchNet, the first comprehensive dataset consisting of butterfly imagery for monarchs and five look‐alike species. We train a baseline deep‐learning classification model to serve as a tool for differentiating monarch butterflies and its various look‐alikes. We seek to contribute to the study of biodiversity and butterfly ecology by providing a novel method for computational classification of these particular butterfly species. The ultimate aim is to help scientists track monarch butterfly population and migration trends in the most precise manner possible.