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Islam in Mozambique: Some Historical and Cultural Perspectives

Islam in Mozambique has a history that goes back to at least the tenth century. The records show that the region was known and well frequented by Muslim travelers and traders. By the middle of the fifteenth century, permanent and flourishing commercial and religious sultanates had been established along the coast and some had penetrated up the Zambezi. The arrival of the Portuguese introduced the centuries-long confrontation between Christians and Muslims. Prior to the arrival of the Portuguese, some Indians had found their way to the area. By the eighteenth century, Islam was well established and organized particularly in northern Mozambique. The turuq, through their networks, contributed to the growth of Islam. During the period leading up to independence in 1975, Muslims were organizing themselves into political action groups under the cover of social programs. In spite of this, Muslims experienced considerable difficulties during the early years of independence. From 1987, however, a gradual restoration took place.