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On the characterization of the plastic anisotropy in orthotropic sheet metals with a cruciform biaxial test

A computational study was undertaken in order to identify the parameters of plastic constitutive models, generally used in numerical simulation of sheet metal forming. This study proposes a new methodology, based on the results of a single experimental biaxial test of a cruciform sample. Firstly, the geometry of the cruciform sample was optimized. Afterwards, finite element simulations were carried out for different combinations of material plastic properties that include a wide range of parameters commonly found in metallic sheets. Forward and reverse analysis algorithms were thus established; the forward algorithm allows the calculation of a unique response for a given set of plastic properties, whereas the reverse algorithm enables the extraction of plastic properties from a given set of data from the biaxial test on the cruciform specimen. The plastic behaviour of the material is described by the Hill'48 yield criterion and the isotropic hardening Swift law.