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Immunoepidemiology of human necatoriasis: correlations between antibody responses and parasite burdens

In this paper we describe the relationship between antibodies to Necator americanus stage‐specific antigens and parasite burden in an endemically‐infected population in Papua New Guinea. Using an age‐structured analysis, we show that the correlation coefficient between levels of IgG against adult worm excretory‐secretory (ES) antigen and parasite burden declined significantly with host age from positive in younger hosts to significantly negative in older hosts. A trend towards similar patterns was present for anti‐larval IgG both pretreatment and after reinfection, and for anti‐ES IgM and anti‐ES IgE pretreatment. These patterns are consistent with a role for these isotypes in a protective immune response, although parasite‐induced immunosuppression may provide an alternate explanation. This is another demonstration of possibly protective responses to N. americanus infection.,