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Neuromedin S and U.

The physiological and endocrine homeostatic systems that regulate body weight are complex. Several peripheral systems need to be coordinated with central nervous system processes for proper energy balance regulation. Systems for energy storage (white adipose tissue), energy expenditure (skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue), and energy absorption (gut) (1) inform the brain how much fuel is available short- and long-term. These systems coordinate with expected fuel demand, which is impacted by environment, temperature, season, reproduction and offspring care, food availability, and predation pressure. Whereas a handful of mainstream peptides receive ample of attention from investigators, other important signals are less recognized. A recent study by Peier et al. (2) highlights the importance of neuromedins U (NMU) and S (NMS) acting centrally on the NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2) in the regulation of body weight homeostasis.