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Vesicles and mixed micelles in hypothyroid rat bile before and after thyroid hormone treatment: evidence for a vesicle transport system for biliary cholesterol secretion.

Hypothyroid rats show reduced secretion of biliary lipids, especially cholesterol. Secretion of biliary cholesterol is markedly augmented to levels above euthryroid beginning 12-24 h after administration of thyroid hormone. In the current studies, bile from hypothyroid and triiodothyronine-treated chronic bile-fistula rats was analyzed for vesicles and mixed micelles by metrizamide gradient ultracentrifugation. For euthryoid and hypothyroid animals, less than 12% of biliary cholesterol was in a vesicle gradient fraction. After treatment with triiodothyronine, biliary cholesterol increased markedly, and 50% of total cholesterol, 60% of excess cholesterol secreted, appeared in the vesicle fraction. Triiodothyronine stimulation of vesicle secretion resulted in cholesterol-rich vesicles (cholesterol:phospholipid ratio rose from less than 0.1 to 0.56), but no change in the distinct fatty acid composition of vesicle phospholipids. The microtubule inhibitor colchicine, given 12 h after triiodothyronine, prevented subsequent increase in cholesterol secretion in the form of vesicles. These studies, in a model that allows rapid changes in biliary lipid secretion, support the hypothesis that an important component of cholesterol and phospholipid secretion into bile involves microtubules and may involve a vesicle pathway.