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Safety of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in the Shingles Prevention Study

BACKGROUND
The herpes zoster vaccine is effective in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in immunocompetent older adults. However, its safety has not been described in depth.


OBJECTIVE
To describe local adverse effects and short- and long-term safety profiles of herpes zoster vaccine in immunocompetent older adults.


DESIGN
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial with enrollment from November 1998 to September 2001 and follow-up through April 2004 (mean, 3.4 years). A Veterans Affairs Coordinating Center generated the permutated block randomization scheme, which was stratified by site and age. Participants and follow-up study personnel were blinded to treatment assignments. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00007501)


SETTING
22 U.S. academic centers.


PARTICIPANTS
38 546 immunocompetent adults 60 years or older, including 6616 who participated in an adverse events substudy.


INTERVENTION
Single dose of herpes zoster vaccine or placebo.


MEASUREMENTS
Serious adverse events and rashes in all participants and inoculation-site events in substudy participants during the first 42 days after inoculation. Thereafter, vaccination-related serious adverse events and deaths were monitored in all participants, and hospitalizations were monitored in substudy participants.


RESULTS
After inoculation, 255 (1.4%) vaccine recipients and 254 (1.4%) placebo recipients reported serious adverse events. Local inoculation-site side effects were reported by 1604 (48%) vaccine recipients and 539 (16%) placebo recipients in the substudy. A total of 977 (56.6%) of the vaccine recipients reporting local side effects were aged 60 to 69 years, and 627 (39.2%) were older than 70 years. After inoculation, herpes zoster occurred in 7 vaccine recipients versus 24 placebo recipients. Long-term follow-up (mean, 3.39 years) showed that rates of hospitalization or death did not differ between vaccine and placebo recipients.


LIMITATIONS
Participants in the substudy were not randomly selected. Confirmation of reported serious adverse events with medical record data was not always obtained.


CONCLUSION
Herpes zoster vaccine is well tolerated in older, immunocompetent adults.


PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development; grants from Merck to the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program; and the James R. and Jesse V. Scott Fund for Shingles Research.