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Novel potentiometric sensors based on carbon and TiO2 nano tubes/ β-cyclodextrin for meclofenoxate hydrochloride micro determination in spiked surface water and urine samples

The great expansion of portable analytical devices can be attributed to the development of highly efficient and stable chemical sensors. The first target of this study aims to the construction and sense of carbon paste sensors based on CNTs and TiO2 nanotubes for meclofenoxate HCl micro determination. The role affecting the behaviour of lipophilic anionic additive as well as plasticizer is discussed carefully. The constructed sensors showed Nernstian slope 57.3 ±0.55 and 58.3 ±0.1 mV decade-1 and detection limits 7.6 x 10-7 and 6.5 x 10-7 mol L-1 and quantification limits 2.5x10-6 and 2.1x10-6 mol L-1 for CNTs-CPE and TiO2-CPE, respectively. The surface morphology of the investigated sensors was studied. The selectivity behaviour of the sensors was investigated using Bakker protocol and tested in presence of the biologically important inorganic cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+). The proposed potentiometric sensors were successfully performed for drug determination in pharmaceutical products, spiked surface water and human urine samples with good recovery data (99.5, 99.8 %) for CNTs-CPE and TiO2-CPE, respectively.