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[Protective effect of vitamin A on residual pancreatic β cell function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE
To study the protective effect of vitamin A on residual pancreatic β cell function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its mechanism.


METHODS
A total of 46 children with T1DM (with a course of disease of 0.5-1 year) were randomly divided into an intervention group and a non-intervention group (n=23 each). The children in both groups were given insulin treatment, and those in the intervention group were also given vitamin A at a daily dose of 1 500-2 000 IU. A total of 25 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. The daily dose of insulin was calculated for the children with T1DM, and the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), stimulated C-peptide, vitamin A, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured before intervention and 3 months after intervention.


RESULTS
Before vitamin A intervention, the intervention group and the non-intervention group had a significantly lower serum level of vitamin A and a significantly higher level of IL-17 than the control group (P<0.01). After 3 months of intervention, the intervention group had significantly lower serum IL-17 level and insulin dose and a significantly higher level of stimulated C-peptide than the non-intervention group (P<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin A may protect residual pancreatic β cell function, possibly by improving the abnormal secretion of IL-17 in children with T1DM.