{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024337283995295396, 'fraction_numerical': 0.008504478422147833, 'mean_word_length': 5.291405805350029, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 1, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effect of Educational Program about Authentic Leadership and Mindfulness Factors on Head Nurses Practice Self – Evaluation

Authentic leadership is an emerging perspective in the field of leadership focuses on leaders values and beliefs . Components of authentic leadership were selfawareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, and an internalized moral perspective. Mindfulness perspective permits head nurses to be fully present, aware of themselves and their impact on other people, and aware of their reactions in stressful situations. Mindfulness include five factors; observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experiences and non-reactivity to inner experiences. Authentic leadership and their mindfulness if combined together create head nurses that have clearer, extra focused thinking, and growth mindset that help subordinates improve and grow . So , the aim of present study is to determine the effect of educational program about authentic leadership and mindfulness factors on head nurses practice self – evaluation. Study was conducted at two hospitals affiliated to Ministry of Health namely Elmenshawy General Hospital and Kafer El sheikh General Hospital. All (70) head nurses working at different clinical departments. Three tools were used including head nurses self-evaluation for authentic leadership, head nurses self evaluation for mindfulness factors and structured questionnaire to assess head nurse knowledge. The result of present study revealed that preprogram half (50%) of head nurses had high level of total authentic leadership, improved statistically significant immediate post program to be ( 65.7% ). Preprogram low percent 8.6% of head nurse had high level of total mindfulness level improved to be 98.6% immediately post program. Preprogram no one had good level of total knowledge, changed to be all and 98.6% of head nurses got good level respectively immediate and three months post program. Recommendation : Authentic leadership and mindfulness educational training programs should be provided periodically for head nurses to keep them updating their essentials knowledge and practis regarding authentic leadership and mindfulness


Introduction
Leaders of today are expected to value the human resources of their organizations and provide an environment that promotes individual contributions to the organization's work (1) . A head nurses should be skillful at coordinating human and material resources to meet goals and objectives of the organization (2) . To do their duties ,they must promote a growth of mindset, adhere to a code of ethics, being open, transparent and honest in their interactions, genuine and instill a work culture of personal growth, clarity , accountability, and innovation (3) .
Authentic leadership is an approach to leadership that emphasizes building the leader's legitimacy through honest relationships with followers which value their input and are built on an ethical foundation (4) . It starts with the head nurses' awareness that allows them to build positive relationships and inspire and encourage employees in the right ways (5) . The authentic head nurses include four dimensions of selfawareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, and an internalized moral perspective . It suggest genuinely desire to understand their own leadership in order to serve others more effectively (6) .
Self-awareness is critical for head nurse to grow as a leader, and strengthen other components of authentic leadership (7) . Self-awareness is the ability to recognize and acknowledge head nurse strengths and weaknesses (4) . Balanced processing is the capacity of head nurse to openly discuss and evaluate information and consider others' opinions before choosing a course of actions (8) . Relational transparency is being open and honest in sharing of information about one's thoughts and feelings without hidden agendas (9) . Also, head nurses express and exhibit true self to subordinates in expressing of their genuine beliefs and feelings (10) .
Mindfulness enables head nurses to step back and contemplate situations objectively before taking action in nonjudgmental way consequently, the experience of moment is unfolding (12) . Mindfulness include five factors; observe is the first factor measures noticing sensory experience directly, without labeling it, reacting to it or judging it (13) . Describing is labelling internal experiences with words (14) .
Acting with awareness which involves focusing on one activities at a given moment as opposed to behaving mechanically while attention is focused elsewhere (15) . Nonjudging of inner experience refers to taking a nonevaluative stance toward thoughts and feelings (16) . Non reactivity to inner experience it is a head nurses ability to stay calm and remain objective when they face situations or thoughts they might disturb their emotional stability (17) .
Head nurses self evaluation serve as evaluation function in training programs , through which head nurses evaluate the effectiveness of their practice and determine improvements in self knowledge , aid in developing self awareness and cause a desirable behavior change (11) .
Self-evaluation helps head nurses to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses as well as provide directions for improvements. The concept of authentic leadership style and mindfulness practice has strong impact on head nurses self evaluation. The present study aims to determine the effect of this educational program about authentic leadership and mindfulness factors on head nurses practice selfevaluation at Elmenshawy General Hospital and Kafer El sheikh General Hospital.

Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational program about authentic leadership and mindfulness factors on head nurses practice selfevaluation.

Research hypothesis
Head nurses authentic leadership and mindfulness practice self evaluation will be improved after program.

Study design
Quasi experimental research design was used to achieve the aim of present study. Such design fits the nature of the problem under investigation

Setting
The study was conducted at two hospitals affiliated to Ministry of Health namely El menshawy General Hospital and Kafer El Sheikh General Hospital.

Subject
The study subjects consisted of all (70)

Tools
To achieve the aim of present study the data was collected using the following tools:

Tool I : Head nurses Self-Evaluation for Authentic Leadership
This tool developed by Northouse (2010) (11) , and was modified by researcher to assess head nurses authentic leadership practice, it included two parts: Part (1): Subject characteristics such as hospital name, gender, age , marital status, level of education , years of experience.

-Scoring system
The responses for questions was measured by 5 points Likert Scale ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1).

-Levels of authentic leadership presented as follows:
-  (12) , Crane et al (2016) (13) and was modified by researcher to assess head nurses mindfulness practice. Included five subscales as follows:--Observing factor -Describing factor -Acting with awareness factor -Non-judging of inner experience factor -Non-reactivity to inner experience factor -Scoring system Responses for questions was measured by 5 points Likert Scale ranging from always true (5) to very rarely true (1).

Levels of mindfulness represented as follows :
-High level of mindfulness >64-80 % = 125 -156 score 5. Mindfulness at work and practice that make a better leaders 6. The examples of clinical situations to train head nurses on authentic leadership and mindfulness factors include 10 question.

Scoring system
Each item of knowledge test was taken score of (1) for correct answer and ( 0 ) for wrong answer.

Levels of head nurses knowledge presented as follows :
-

Statistical analysis
The collected data were organized, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20 SPSS).

Discussion
Assessment of the present study head nurses authentic leadershippractice level revealed that preprogram, half of them showed low practice level of total authentic leadership as they did not attend previous training program about authentic leadership .But the resting of head nurses were at moderate and high level indicating that they had internal motivation and readiness to become authentic leaders in their practice. This could be due to being exposed to a diversity of life experiences , being affiliated to have a master's in nursing science , or already hold a master's in nursing science.
Ideally, authentic leadership is an emerging style and need appropriate strategies to facilitate its practice through training program . Being authentic head nurse is hard work and takes years of experience in leadership roles. Training program will shorten the period of head nurses developing authentic leadership by connecting them with truth, creative ideas, journey of self-discovery and sharing experiences. Besides, learning them to lead themselves before leading others as well as significant of honest relationships to their souls and to other personnel.
Findings of study are consistent with results reported by Baron (2012) (18) study about developing authentic leadership through experiential training: an empirical study , the participants scored lower on self-assessed authentic leadership at the start of the training program.Bussinet al (2016) (19)

Recommendations
Recommendations are suggested: -Authentic leadership ,mindfulness practice training courses should be considered a prerequisite for head nurses to occupy their position.
-Head nurses should attend workshops on dimensions of authentic leadership and mindfulness factors and how become effective leaders by augmentation of them.
-Authentic leadership and mindfulness educational training programs should be provided periodically to update head nurses essentials knowledge regarding authentic leadership and mindfulness.
-Hospitals should offer periodical mindfulness program to increase head nurses observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience and non-reactivity to inner experience to reduce work stress and turn over.
-Head nurses should train to be more realistic in their judgments and decisions about themselves and their work in the present moment by blocking past and future thoughtsto gain subordinates trust and respect .
-Head nurses should be activated to share their ideas,feelings, information and listening to feedbackto enhance work relationship .
-Head nurses attention to trainto act consciously rather than react passively to take well-planned actions to manage work distinction.
-Head nurses should engage in mindfulness reflection practices as breathing and meditation techniques to have awareness of personal limitations .
-Great attention for head nurse leader to be mindful observer to grantthe power of being objective about their thoughts.