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Simulation of the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of endogenous chenodeoxycholic acid in man using a physiological pharmacokinetic model

Abstract The metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), a major primary bile acid in man, has been stimulated using a multicompartmental physiological pharmacokinetic model which was previously reported and used to simulate the metabolism of cholic acid. The model features compartments and linear transfer coefficients. Compartments, which are defined as the pools of single chemical species in well defined anatomical volumes, are aggregated into nine ‘spaces’ based on anatomical and physiological considerations (liver, gall‐bladder, bile ducts, duodeno‐jejunum, ileum, colon, portal blood, sinusoidal blood, and general circulation). Each space contains several compartments which correspond to the compounds present in that space, for example, the compound in question and its biotransformation products. For CDC (as for cholic acid in the previous simulation) each space contains three compartments corresponding to the unconjugated bile acid, its glycine amidate, and its taurine amidate. Transfer coefficients, which denote the fractional amount of the compartment's contents exiting per unit time, are categorized according to function: flow, for example gall‐bladder contraction (which involves transfer of all substances contained in the space at the same fractional rate); biotransformation (which transfers the substrate from one compartment to another within the same space); or transport (which denotes movements between contiguous compartments, belonging to different spaces across a diffusion membrane or a cellular barrier). The model is made time‐dependent by incorporating meals which trigger gall‐bladder emptying and modify intestinal flow. The transfer coefficients in the cholic acid model were modified for the CDC model since (a) there is indirect evidence that CDC amidates (probably chenodeoxycholylglycine) are absorbed from the duodeno‐jejunum and (b) the first pass hepatic clearance of CDC species differs from that of cholyl species. The model was then used with all existing experimental data to simulate CDC metabolism in healthy humans over a 24‐h period during which three meals were ingested. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between simulated and experimental data indicating that this model continues to be useful for describing the metabolism of bile acids and may also be of value for describing the metabolism of drugs whose metabolism is similar to that of bile acids.