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Cardiac changes in severe and moderate acute malnutrition

Objectives: To assess the cardiac changes in moderately malnourished (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational study conducted over a period of 1 year. The study included 150 children, 50 from each group, first being children with SAM, second being MAM children, and third group included normally nourished, age-matched children between 6 and 60 months, admitted in the pediatric ward. Structural and functional echocardiography parameters were compared in these groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 20. Results: SAM children showed significant reduction of structural (except left ventricular internal diameter [LVID]) and functional cardiac parameters as compared to other groups. Major anthropometric parameters including body surface area (BSA) were correlated with all structural cardiac parameters; left ventricular mass (LVM) strongly correlated (r = 0.773) but no correlation was found with functional cardiac parameters. Conclusion: Structural (except LVID) and functional cardiac changes were significantly reduced with malnourishment. We had also concluded BSA of children strongly correlated with structural cardiac parameters such as LVM and interventricular septum thickness with specific age and sex.