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Mode Combining and -Splitting in Optical MIMO Transmission using Photonic Lanterns

Within the last years the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has revolutionized the optical 
 
fibre community. Theoretically, the concept of MIMO is well understood and shows some similarities to wireless 
 
MIMO systems. However, practical implementations of optical components are in the focus of interest 
 
of substantial research. Optical couplers have long been used as passive optical components also being able 
 
to combine or split SISO (single-input single-output) data transmission. They have been proven to be well 
 
suited for the optical MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) transmission despite their insertion losses and 
 
asymmetries. Nowadays, next to optical couplers, Photonic Lanterns (PLs) have attracted a lot of attention in 
 
the research community as they offer the benefit of a low loss transition from the input fibers to the modes 
 
supported by the waveguide at its output. Therefore they seem to be highly beneficial for optical MIMO communication. 
 
In this contribution mode coupling and splitting devices such as PLs and fusion couplers have 
 
been analysed in a testbed with regard to their respective MIMO suitability. Based on the obtained results, a 
 
simplified time-domain MIMO simulation model including PLs for mode-combining at the transmitter side as 
 
well as mode-splitting at the receiver side is elaborated. Our results obtained by the simulated bit-error rate 
 
(BER) performance show that PLs are well suited for the optical MIMO transmission.