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Petroleum Development and the Reactivation of Traditional Structure in a Libyan Oasis Community

Augila in the Libyan Sahara shows that an industrial "modernizing" force may have a double-edged effect on certain traditional spheres of life.1 I discovered that the presence of the petroleum-extraction industry in the desert region surrounding Augila was having the simultaneous effects of modernizing and "traditionalizing" oasis life.2 The introduction of oil company employment for a cash income, the materials and techniques for improving garden farming, and the transportation of garden surpluses to coastal markets are direct effects of the so-called modernizing force. Equally important, however, is the process by which the indigenous social structure of the oasis community has adapted to meet these opportunities. That process has entailed the virtual reactivation of a once important traditional unit of social structure-the unit formed by brothers-which had been dying a slow death. The petroleum industry presence, then, has given a new lease on life to a traditionally viable segment of oasis society. As part of the oasis's revitalization, the oil industry's presence has reversed the migration flow of Augila's males to coastal urban centers.