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Evaluation of the Growth and Differentiation of Human Fetal Osteoblasts (hFOB) Cells on Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM)

ABSTRACT Cells with osteogenic potential are believed to be an ideal source for bone tissue bioengineering. Large bone defects require temporary substitution of the damaged parts. In this respect, the transplantation of bone cells cultured on osteogenic substrates has been investigated. To use the natural bone matrix, one approach is the so-called demineralized bone matrix (DBM). In this study, we evaluated the interaction of human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 cells, a human fetal osteoblastic cell line) with DBM fragments. No additional bone differentiation inducer was used other than the DBM itself. The samples were processed, had adhesion pattern evaluated and analyzed by light microscopy (cytochemical and immunocytochemical analysis) and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission). The adhesion pattern of hFOB cells on DBM was similar to what was observed on the cell culture plate. Morphological analysis showed that the hFOB cells had emitted filopodia and cellular projections on both controls and DBM. On DBM, the adhered cells emitted prolongations and migrated into the matrix. The monolayer growth pattern was observed as well as the accumulation of filamentous and reticulate extracellular materials when hFOB cells were cultured on the DBM surface. EDS analysis revealed the deposition of calcium on DBM. Immunocytochemical data showed that the hFOB cells were able to secrete extracellular matrix molecules such as fibronectin and laminin on DBM. Our data indicate that DBM successfully stimulates the osteoblastic phenotype of osteoblast-like cells and corroborate with the fact that DBM is a considerable natural matrix that promotes fractured-bone healing.