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Cryostablization of the Cell Membrane of a Psychrotolerant Bacteria via Homeoviscous Adaptation.

Homeoviscous adaptation (maintenance of a critical balance between the saturated and unsaturated lipids) of the cell membrane of psychrotolerant bacteria is essential to protect them against freeze-thaw cycle. But, how does the homeoviscous adaptation protects the cell membrane during cold stress? In this letter, we answer this question using coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique. Based on the reported fatty acid profiles of a psychrotolerant bacteria at different temperatures, multiple lipid membranes are simulated at wide range of temperatures between 250 K and 300 K. We explicate how the homeoviscous adaptation minimizes the effect of cold stress on the structure and fluidity of the membrane. Partial freezing of the saturated lipid domain occurs with the self-aggregation of saturated and unsaturated lipids near melting temperature of the unadapted lipid membrane. The gel-like phase provides necessary local packing density which can be sensed by sensor proteins responsible for homeoviscous adaptation.