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The Legitimacy of Whom?

This chapter argues that a complete account of a state’s legitimacy must evaluate not only its powers and its institutions, but also its officials. It gives reasons for separate evaluation of officials before suggesting that, to be legitimate, officials who claim a state’s authority must seek to improve the legitimacy of both the state’s powers and institutions. In exercising the state’s authority, officials owe relational duties towards those subject to the state’s powers and institutions. Finally, the chapter emphasizes that an assessment of the ‘micro-legitimacy’ of officials may be integrated with a pluralist dimension of ‘macro-legitimacy’, in which the state is one among many claimants of authority, one among many principals with official agents.