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Effect of astragaloside IV on diabetic gastric mucosa in vivo and in vitro.

This study evaluated the effects of AS-IV on high glucose induced-gastric mucosal lesions compared to the effects of the Bu-zhong-yi-qi pill and the Xiaoke pill, which are already in clinical use. STZ-induced diabetic SD rats were treated with drugs for 12 weeks. Diabetes serum (DS) was used to mimic high glucose conditions in GES-1 cells in vitro at different concentrations and time points. The drugs were set at three concentration gradients for 24, 48 and 72 h before being added to DS-induced GES-1 cells. The proliferation activity and inhibition ratio of cells were measured by the CCK-8 assay. Gastric tissues were examined by H&E staining. Cell morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. Apoptosis of cells was detected by annexin V-FITC/PI. In addition, expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mucin1 (MUC1) were measured by Western blots. We found that the drugs significantly alleviated the pathological damage in STZ-induced gastric mucosal lesions. DS inhibited the viability of the cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, while pretreatment with drugs reversed these effects. Pretreatment with drugs also ameliorated the changes in cell morphology and inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the drugs decreased the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2 and MUC1. AS-IV showed the most beneficial effect compared with buzhong and xiaoke. These results suggest that AS-IV had a significant effect on high glucose-induce gastric mucosal lesions compares with buzhong and xiaoke. We speculate that this is in part through restoring the balance of iNOS, COX-2 and MUC1 expressions. Thus, AS-IV may be a potential antioxidant drug for treating diabetic gastropathy.