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Agriculture and Rural Society

Agrarian producers (peasants, agricultural labourers, and the very small group of those who owned large estates, predominantly situated in the East-Elbian Prussian provinces) had a continually shrinking yet nevertheless sizeable presence in German society during the Weimar era. The chapter first covers the economic problems of the agrarian sector, from the controlled economy of the period up to 1922 to the agrarian crisis that commenced in 1927/28. It then analyses the social stratification of the village communities. While the revolution had removed the remaining legal obstacles to a full unionization of farm workers, the surge of social democratic union members among the workers on the East-Elbian estates was short lived. Brutal repression by the estate owners, but also the substantial benefits of the payment in kind that they received, had squashed labour unrest by 1921. The last section charts the history of agrarian protest in the years from 1924, and the ability of the Nazis to convert agrarian protest in Protestant regions into support for their party at the ballot box from 1930 to 1933.