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Spell of the Urubamba: Anthropogeographical Essays on an Andean Valley in Space and Time

Daniel Gade (1936–2015) devoted his research career to the historical study of relationships between people, biota, and the environment, beginning with doctoral research on the use of plants in the Urubamba Valley in southern Peru in 1963 and continuing with studies in many other parts of the world, including Spain, Italy, France, Morocco, and Madagascar, as well as Vermont and Queb ec. However, no other part of the world commanded as much of his attention as the central Andes, which he revisited repeatedly over the span of fifty years. This volume, his last, combines detailed updates on research sites and topics in the Urubamba Valley with reflections on his own trajectory and observations on broader issues of methodology. It serves as a fine companion volume to his earlier major books, Plants, Man and the Land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru; Nature and Culture in the Andes; and Curiosity, Inquiry, and the Geographical Imagination. As with many in the Sauerian tradition, Gade was skeptical of the benefits of modernization and concerned with its costs. In his previous book Curiosity, he provocatively linked this stance to the perspective of the German counterenlightenment, including Goethe. For Gade, fieldwork and travels in Peru provided a rewarding immersion in a flawed but vital place that had yet to become fully modernized. Gade recognized that his choice to pursue scholarship and understanding rather than activism was a personal one, and that he may initially have underestimated the currents of change. However, in each of his seven research stints he reevaluated the valley afresh, including an increasing appreciation for the region’s diversity and dynamism. His engagement with difficult topics also benefitted from extensive archival research in multiple libraries and collections. In the present volume, Gade provides overviews of various aspects of the cultural and historical geography of the greater Urubamba Valley, while at the same time reflecting on his lifetime of research and involvement in the region. The introductory chapters include a discussion of aspects of multiple ecological niches, or verticality, in this mountain environment. The factors affecting the ranges of plants and animals are complex, with temperature being only one factor among many. Other chapters discuss the human biogeography of vilca and the spectacled bear, the changing human geography of the Vilcabamba territory and the tropical lowlands of Urubamba, and the complex “discovery” and popularization of Machu Picchu. Each chapter stands alone with its own abstract