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Characterizing the Nature of the Xst199 Mutation and the Normal Function of the TANGO1 Protein in Trophoblast Cells.

The focus of this study is to evaluate how the TANGO1 protein contributes to trophoblast differentiation in mutated and normal trophoblast cells. These cells are the primary and structural elements of the placenta. Trophoblast cells originate from the trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst, and differentiate to form the mature placenta. Failure of trophoblast cells to properly differentiate can lead to placental dysfunction, which directly affects the growth and development of the fetus, resulting in fetal death or abnormal growth. Previous inquiry has shown that mice homozygous for the Xst199 mutation develop a placenta that is poorly structured and lacks fetal blood vessels, consequently leading to fetal death. In order to investigate the function of the protein TANGO1 in placental development, mouse embryos isolated at E6.5, E7.5, and E9.5 heterozygous for the Xst199 mutation were stained to localize the expression of the gene trap construct that carries the Mia3 gene. Results show that in embryos dating E6.5 and E7.5 the Mia3 gene is localized in the placental precursors, namely the ectoplacental cone and the chorion regions of the embryos. Future studies will examine the expression of trophoblast marker genes to understand the function of the Mia3 gene and the TANGO1 protein in trophoblast differentiation. Knowing how the TANGO1 protein is involved the trophoblast differentiation process will allows us to more thoroughly understand how these factors regulate the behavior of trophoblast cells during placental morphogenesis.