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Forward Modelling in the Geosciences

We describe how we use models of mantle dynamics to understand and test the controls and effects of plate tectonics, such as ocean basin volume, magma production and the formation of natural resources. Numerical modeling and geological ground-truthing were incorporated to test the hypothesis that vertical motion of the Australian continental plate, as observed from sediments deposited during a marine incursion, was linked to the effects of negative buoyancy due to the dynamics of a sinking subducted slab along the eastern margin of Australia. Different models with varying parameters and boundary conditions were developed and then compared with geological observations to develop a best-fit numerical model.