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THE DURATION OF IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF WHEAT EMBRYO CALLUS AFFECTS THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR MORPHOGENETIC AND REGENERATIVE POTENTIAL

Biotechnological developments for breeding purposes aimed at creating highly productive wheat varieties require a significant number of morphogenic callus, in which the manifestation of various pathways of morphogenesis in vitro associated with the regeneration of full-fledged plants is induced. It is methodically important to identify the dependence of the induction of a specific pathway of morphogenesis in wheat callus in vitro on the duration of their cultivation. On the example of morphogenic calli obtained from immature wheat embryos at the stage of early organogenesis on an induction medium containing 2.0 mg/l of synthetic auxin 2,4-D, depending on the duration of cultivation, the following sequence of induction of morphogenesis pathways in vitro was established: gemmogenesis, rhizogenesis, gemmorhizogenesis, somatic embryogenesis (or embryoidogenesis). These pathways of morphogenesis were identified morphologically by the appearance of the corresponding morphogenic structures: buds, roots, gemmorhizogenic structures, somatic embryos. It is shown that the process of laying and forming morphogenic structures is significantly stretched over time, and morphogenic structures may be present in the same callus at different stages of development.