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Human salivary amylase: genetics of electrophoretic variants.

Human a-amylase is an endoamylase which hydrolyzes the a-1 ,4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides and is produced primarily in the pancreas and salivary glands. It appears not only in the saliva and duodenal secretions but in serum and urine as well. With differing electrophoretic methods, salivary amylase (SaAmy) has exhibited variable isozyme patterns. Six enzymatically active amylase bands have been seen in an agar gel system [ 1 ]. Disc polyacrylamide gels have'provided more complex patterns [2]. Vertical sheet acrylamide gels have provided additional resolution with eight amylase bands [3]. This method has made comparisons possible among zymogram patterns of multiple samples studied under the same conditions. Earlier data have shown heritable electrophoretic variations in mouse SaAmy [4] as well as in the amylases of Drosophila melanogaster [5, 6]. Human pancreatic and salivary variations in two-generation data have been reported [3, 7, 8]. These data suggest that SaAmy does exist in multiple isoenzyme forms and that the variations of these forms are inherited. Using a modified polyacrylamide electrophoretic system, we have screened individual saliva samples for establishment of a normal pattern of amylase isoenzymes and the detection of variants. When individuals with variant patterns were found, family members were studied to define the heritability.