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Brief Definitive Report Selective Induction of Monocyte and Not Neutrophil-attracting Chemokines after Influenza a Virus Infection

It is characteristic for virus infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue while neutrophils are absent. To understand the mechanisms selectively attracting mononuclear cells in viral diseases, we examined in an influenza A virus model the expression and regulation of chemokines as candidate molecules responsible for the immigration of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. After influenza A virus infection of human monocytes, a rapid expression of the mononuclear cell attracting CC-chemokine genes MIP-1 , MCP-1 , and R A N T E S occurred which was followed by the release o fchemokine proteins. In striking contrast to CC-chemokines , the expression o f the prototype neutrophil CXC-chemoat t ractants IL-8 and GRO-oe was completely suppressed after influenza A infection. The release o f other neutrophil chemotactic factors was excluded by nficrochemotaxis assays. These results suggest that the virus-specific induction of mononuclear cell-attracting chemokines accounts for the preferential influx o fmononuc lea r leukocytes into virus-infected tissue.