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Reserve capacity assessment of LED lighting loads

With the large-scale integration of the intermittent energy resources, the reserve requirements increase greatly in order to enhance the economic and secure operation of power systems. Controllable load can actively participate in power balance control, which has positive influence on the power system economic operation. The market penetration of LED is forecast using Markov chains. The LED loads are classified as four categories based on the operation modes and then aggregated by Monte Carlo simulations. By setting different illuminances of LED limited by users' satisfaction, reserve capacities provided by LED loads are evaluated. Simulation results according to China solid state lighting alliance (CSA) data demonstrate that large-scale utilization of controllable LED loads will lead to significant potentials of demand-side reserve.