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On the mechanism of sizing with alkylketene dimers

The effects of pH, electrolyte concentration (NaCI, Na,SO,, CaCI,), calcium-lignosulfonates, various retention aids and retention aid combinations, extractives (Na-oleate and Na-abietate) on the retention of a cationic starch stabilised alkylketene dimer (AKD) dispersion and its sizing efficiency have been investigated. The effects of contact time and mode of AKD-addition (addition procedure) were also investigated. The amounts of AKD retained on the fibers and reacted with the fibers were determined using radioactive labelled (I4C) AKD. The results obtained are discussed with special reference to the heterocoagulation theory of AKD-deposition. Among other things the detrimental effects of extractives on AKD retention and AKD reaction are emphasized.