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Consensus Conference on the Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Dependence and the Role of Pharmacotherapy in its Treatment. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 16-17, 1994.

This supplement is based on the Consensus Conference on the Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Dependence and the Role of Pharmacotherapy in its Treatment, which took place in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 16-17, 1994. The symposium and this supplement were funded by an unrestricted educational grant from DuPont Pharma. Recent studies involving both animals and humans demonstrate that alcohol affects specific neurochemical systems, including dopamine, y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the endogenous opioids (endorphins), and serotonin. As researchers continue to refine their understanding of the causes of alcohol dependence, they are exploring new pharmacotherapies that act on neurochemical systems. In particular, the opioid antagonist nSltrexone, which has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy for the treatment of alcohol dependence, has shown great promise in reducing alcohol consumption. The conference participants identified other potential pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence, including several serotonin reuptake inhibitors; the opioid antagonist nalmefene; and acamprosate, which is active in relation to the GABA system. Neither nalmefene nor acamprosate has as yet been approved for use in the USA. Participants also addressed the genetic component of alcoholism and the importance of identifying subtypes of alcohol dependence to match patients with the most effective treatments.