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Anodic Oxidation of Titanium for Biomedical Application

Anodic oxidation (AO) is a chemical method which used to produce a bioactive layer (oxide) of titanium (Ti). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of anodic oxidation upon Ti foil in acetic acid (C2H4O2). The anodic oxidation was performed by varying the applied voltage (10 – 200 V) and concentration of the electrolyte (0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 M of C2H4O2). After anodic oxidation, the Ti specimens were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) to observe the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAP). The Ti sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after anodic oxidation and SBF. The precipitation of apatite after soaked in SBF was observed using SEM. From this study, the applied voltage range from 100 to 200 V at low and high concentration of acetic acid resulting in the porous surface of anatase. The arcing process occurred during the oxidation process which lead to the formation of anatase and sites for HAP growth (nucleation site). The SBF result shows that the anodised Ti is suitable to be applied in biomedical especially as implant.