{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0363382250174703, 'fraction_numerical': 0.027253668763102725, 'mean_word_length': 5.45045045045045, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 1, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Coronary Artery Calcification on Computed Tomography Correlates With Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective This cross-sectional study assessed the prognostic implications of computed tomography (CT) coronary artery calcification (CAC), independent of emphysema, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and Methods Coronary artery calcification and emphysema were assessed on noncontrast, ungated chest CT scans of patients with COPD using the validated CAC ordinal visual scale (CAC OVS; range, 0–12) and visual CT emphysema index. Results A total of 200 CT images were analyzed. All-cause mortality was associated with CAC OVS greater than 4 (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–3.82; P = 0.028) and with moderate to severe CT emphysema index (hazard ratio, 4.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.53–12.33; P = 0.006). Increased emphysema severity, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and male sex independently correlated with CAC OVS greater than 4. Conclusions Coronary artery calcification severity and emphysema severity on CT images are related and are strongly as well as independently associated with prognosis in patients with moderate to severe COPD. The potential to use CAC OVS on unenhanced nongated CT as a screening tool for coronary artery disease and as a prognostic marker in patients with COPD needs further investigation in prospective studies.