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The Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Carbons in Facilitating the Mobilization and Biotransformation of As(V)/Fe(III) from a Realgar Tailing Mine Soil

ABSTRACT Several low-molecular-weight organic carbon (LMWOC) compounds (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and glucose) were added to flooded arsenic-rich tailing mine soil to investigate their effect to the mobilization of As/Fe and potential shift of microbial community. A promoting effect to the mobilization and biotransformation of As(V)/Fe(III) in the soils resulting from the supplementation with LMWOCs substrate was indicated compared to the biotic microcosm amended with deionized water alone. During 38-day biotic incubation, more than 2100 μg/L of As(III) and 4.2 mg/L of Fe(II) levels were released from the soils amended with LMWOCs substrates, compared to the levels of As(III) and Fe(II) (less 35 μg/L and 1.82 mg/L) derived from the biotic supplementation with deionized water alone. PCR-DGGE indicated that several LMWOCs-responded bacteria were mostly related to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Moreover, a negligible impact on the abundance of Fe(III)-reducing family Geobacteraceae was indicated in the LMWOCs-amended soils. However, an increased abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria but a decreased abundance of arsenate-respiring bacteria were indicated upon the soils supplemented with acetate alone, compared with other LMWOC amendments. DNA-stable isotope probing analysis demonstrated that the dual roles of acetate was not only served as an electron donor for biotransformation of As(V)/Fe(III) in soil, but also assimilated as a powerful energy source to promote the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The findings suggest that there are specific bacteria that preferentially respond to the additions of LMWOC for controlling the biochemical cycle process of As/Fe in soils.