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Special issue on Cognitive Engineering

Computer-based systems have changed the nature of the work undertaken at the human-machine interface. More than ever before, operators of complex sociotechnological systems are working in a multidimensional information space. Within aviation, the development of the glass cockpit was the forerunner of things to come. Glass interfaces now pervade all areas of aviation systems. Computerization has substantive benefits in that it has introduced enormous flexibility to the interface and is based on a reliable, compact, and inexpensive technology. There is, however, a concern that it has introduced new human performance problems (Sarter & Woods, 1994) that might be classified generically as problems of navigating through an information space. It would be inappropriate to view this new class of human performance problems as an inevitable consequence of increasing computerization. It has emerged in part because a rational design philosophy (Lintern, 1995) has been employed to determine what information should be provided at the interface and how systems should be operated. The result, possibly nowhere more evident than with many current implementations of automation, has been efficient but brittle systems (Lintern, 1995; Perrow, 1983). Our rapidly developing computer technologies offer new opportunities as they offer new challenges. The promise put forward here is that there is a way to exploit the power and flexibility of modern computers in the design of interfaces that re-