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AMPK activation by AICAR induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the inner ear

The importance of mitochondrial biogenesis to auditory hair cell physiology or that of the non‐sensory cells in the cochlea is poorly understood. Activation of 5′ AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) upregulates peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) which, in turn, increases the levels of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. At the same time, AMPK activation can increase antioxidant expression and reduce reactive oxygen species generation.