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Observation of Surface States of Silicon, Germanium, Tungsten and Molybdenum

Electronic surface states of Si, Ge, W and Mo have been investigated by the measurements of ultraviolet photoemission spectra. Emission from the surface states is observed from the cleaved Si (111) and Ge (111) surfaces. Changes are observed of the spectra by annealing these surfaces, and the results are presented in connection with the surface reconstruction. Surface sensitive peaks have been observed from W and Mo, whose peak energies are in agreement with the band calculation.