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Unipolar symmetrical variable-capacitance generators for energy harvesting

This paper investigates a class of electrical generators based on capacitors and diodes, with two capacitors being variable. Their main characteristics are a symmetrical structure and that they produce two outputs with the same polarity. The simplest version is analyzed in more detail, although in an approximate way, and generalizations of it are obtained, identified with a particular form of two-phase voltage multiplier. The generalized versions require less capacitance variation for operation, and are shown, by simulation, to have faster startup than structures with a single variable capacitor. The structures are tested experimentally with a 3D-printed pair of variable capacitors that tries to emulate a structure built with microelectromechanics techniques.