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Impact of atmospheric pressure plasma treated seeds on germination, morphology, gene expression and biochemical responses

In recent years, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) applications in agriculture are rapidly increasing. This review covers the effect of CAP and plasma-treated liquid (PTL) on seeds. CAP treatment on seed alters the germination percentage, morphology (shoot height, root length, surface area, etc.), gene expression, and biochemical responses (changes in hormones, antioxidants, amino acids, total soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content, etc.). The changes were incorporated in yield-related parameters (fresh and dry weight of seedlings) and water absorption capacity after plasma treatment. Lastly, we discussed the current status of CAP and PTL use in agricultural land.