{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.018338727076591153, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.628571428571429, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Electrical stimulation – an evolving concept in the treatment of colonic motor dysfunctions

Abstract  Electrical stimulation of digestive organs is a new approach for the treatment of dismotility‐based diseases affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The most significant advancement in this field has been obtained with stomach stimulation. As a result, a fully implantable stimulation system to treat gastroparesis – the ‘Enterra’ system – is now commercially available. Similarly, electrical stimulation of the colon may become a valuable alternative to drug therapy and surgical procedures in the treatment of colonic motor dysfunctions. Over the past decade, several stimulation patterns to modulate colon motility have been tested in animal and human models. The results of these studies are reviewed here in connection with aspects regarding physiological mechanisms activated by electrical stimulation of the colon.