{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04309063893016345, 'fraction_numerical': 0.008172362555720654, 'mean_word_length': 6.281081081081081, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Inhibitory activity of Thuja orientalis on TNF‐α‐induced vascular cell adhesion in HUVECs

Vascular inflammation is involved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis. In this study, the anti‐vascular inflammatory activity of an aqueous extract of Thuja orientalis (ATO) and its possible mechanisms were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Preincubation of HUVECs with ATO (20 μg/ml) suppressed the protein and mRNA expression levels of adhesion molecules including intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), E‐selectin. Preincubation of ATO inhibited tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) p65 translocation into the nucleus and the phosphorylation of inhibitory factor κB (IκB‐α). ATO also inhibited U937 monocyte adhesion to HUVECs stimulated by TNF‐α, suggesting that it may inhibit the binding of monocyte to endothelium. Furthermore, ATO significantly inhibited TNF‐α‐induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, ATO has an anti‐inflammatory activity, which is, at least in part, the result of it reducing the TNF‐α‐induced endothelial adhesion to monocyte by inhibiting intracellular ROS production, NF‐κB activation, and cell adhesion molecule in HUVECs.