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Mineralization-inspired synthesis of magnetic zeolitic imidazole framework composites.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) capable of mobility and manipulation are attractive materials for potential applications in targeted drug delivery, catalysis and small-scale machines. One way of rendering MOFs navigable is incorporating magnetically responsive nanostructures, which usually involve at least two preparation steps: the growth of the magnetic nanomaterial and its incorporation during the synthesis of the MOF crystals. Here, we show that using optimal combinations of salts and ligands, zeolitic imidazolate framework composite structures with ferrimagnetic behavior can be readily obtained via a one-step synthetic procedure, i.e. without the incorporation of extrinsic magnetic components. The ferrimagnetism of the composite originates from binary oxides of iron and transition metals such as cobalt. This approach exhibits similarities to the natural mineralization of iron oxide species, as is observed in ores and in biomineralization. This facile method for producing magnetic porous composites creates new avenues for studying mineralization of other compounds during MOF growth.