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Institutional Configurations and Linkage Formation

This chapter examines how the party, party system, and voter behaviour components of party competition combine with each other and with the federal institutional structure to lead to integrated or independent politics. It uses configurational analysis using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods to identify various pathways to linkage. It then draws on case studies of Spain, Canada, and Germany in order to probe the causal mechanisms and relationships between elements of linkage. Germany and Canada represent cases that institutionally are most likely and least likely to support the development of integrated politics, while Spain offers an asymmetric multi-level system.