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Quantitative imaging and measurement of cell–substrate surface deformation by digital holography

Quantitative phase microscopy by digital holography (DH-QPM) is introduced to study the cell–substrate interactions and migratory behavior of adhesive cells. A non-wrinkling elastic substrate, collagen-coated polyacrylamide (PAA) has been employed and its surface deformation due to cell adhesion and motility has been visualized as certain tangential and vertical displacement and distortion. The surface deformation on substrates of different elasticity and thickness has been quantitatively imaged and the corresponding cellular traction force of motile fibroblasts has been measured from phase profiles by DH-QPM. DH-QPM is able to yield quantitative measures directly and provide efficient and versatile means for quantitatively analyzing cellular motility.