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Situs Inversus Totalis: A Cadaveric Case Report

During the 2012 summer semester at the LSU Health Sciences Center, students of the cardiopulmonary gross anatomy course discovered a cadaver with a condition called situs inversus totalis. In this condition, the thoracic and abdominal organs are transposed to the contralateral sides of the body. Situs inversus totalis is a condition with an average incidence of 1:10000 to 1:20000. A cadaveric donor with this condition is extremely rare. Right versus left laterality is regulated by over one hundred genes during development. Although eight genes have been linked to situs inversus totalis, the genes causing primary ciliary dyskinesia are most commonly associated with the presence of this condition. In this case report, the donor died at the age of 73 from myocardial infarction. During initial dissection, we note that the right lung contained 2 lobes, the left lung 3 lobes, and the apex of the heart points toward the right side of the thorax. On further investigation, the aorta, superior and inferior vena cavae, azygos vein and other structures are found transposed to the contralateral side. In the abdomen, there is complete reversal of the liver, stomach, colon, appendix, and associated vasculature. The discovery of situs inversus totalis has prompted several studies in our department to contribute to the present literature.