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Cooperative support for computer work: a social perspective on the empowering of end users

The image of computers being used to empower people is a potent and appealing one. For the many working people whose autonomy is routinely challenged by the constraints of large organizations or the vagaries of the market, the spread of sophisticated desktop computers holds the promise of gaining in personal control. While testimonials to the efficacy of desktop computers and announcements of their increased capabilities are regular fare in the media and casual conversation, the easy equation of personal computing power with personal power is an attractive simplification that needs closer scrutiny.