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Paediatric melanoma of the nail unit with rapid progression: a case report with dermatoscopic follow‐up and intraoperative dermatoscopic images

Paediatric melanoma, usually defined as melanoma occurring in patients younger than 20 years, represents approximately only 1–4 per cent of all melanomas, with an estimated annual incidence rate of nine per million with respect to those aged 15–19 years. The presence of longitudinal melanonychia in a single nail of a child represents a diagnostic challenge for clinicians because worrisome dermatoscopic features of nail matrix melanoma are commonly found in childhood naevi. Nail matrix melanoma is exceedingly rare in this population with only 14 cases reported in the literature.