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Efficiency and Equity Within European Education Systems and School Choice Policy: Bridging Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

We seek out the good institutional features of the European choice policies that can enhance both equity and efficiency at the system level. For causality analysis we construct the typology of 28 European educational systems by using fuzzy-set analysis. We combine five independent variables to indicate institutional features of school choice policy: availability of choice, tracking, school variability, empowerment of parents, and financial incentive schemes supporting choice policy. Findings show that the most important complements producing efficiency are “no-choice” with “no-tracking” and “choice” together with “tracking” and “school variability.” “No-choice” with “no-tracking” can also lead to more equity.