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8 RBTINVL PALMITATE (Ret palm) IN RAT CONCEPTUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN A (vit A) EMBRYOPATHY

The pathogenesis of vit A embryopathy is unclear. This study was performed in order to gain insight into possible mechanisms involved. Vit A (Aquasol A) 50,000 U or saline were administered intragastrically to pregnant (day 9; day 0= sperm detected) rats. Vit A treatment of 22 pregnant rats was associated with 65.8% of abnormal fetuses examined on day 20. Retinol (R) and R metabolites were analyzed by HPLC in rat conceptuses on days 10 and 11 following the same treatments. While no R or R metabolites were detected in control conceptuses, traces of R and a large peak (with RT corresponding to Ret palm) were observed in homogenate extracts of conceptuses at both ages examined. Treatment of these extracts with 1M ethanolic KOH resulted in a single large R peak and disappearance of the Ret palm peak. It has been suggested that retinyl esters are related to vit A toxicity. Contrary to the well regulated passage of vit A across the placenta at lower doses, following very large doses to the pregnant mother vit A reaches abnormally high concentrations and at an earlier age in conceptus. Ret palm may play a role in the pathogenesis of experimental vit A embryopathy.