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Data Privacy Law: An International Perspective by Lee Andrew Bygrave

Lee A Bygrave’s Data Privacy Law: An International Perspective is a comprehensive and encyclopaedic overview of the core principles and mechanics of data privacy law from international, domestic and cross-jurisdictional perspectives. In this information age, with the rapid development of the online world, data privacy has emerged as a fast-paced area of law, leading to the publication of various books and scholarly works. However, most existing contributions on the subject relate to practical compliance strategies and expository work on the law. This new book fills a gap by presenting a more philosophical and comparative account of data privacy law, as applied across the globe, from a policy perspective. The book comprises seven chapters. Chapter 1 deals with various contextual issues, including the relationship between data privacy and the concepts of ‘privacy’ and ‘data security’; issues of nomenclature and conceptualisation; and the emergence of data privacy law in light of technological developments, the fears brought on by such developments, and pre-existing legal norms including human rights, labour law and intellectual property rights. The section on ‘actors in the field’ (17–20) is effectively a list of relevant international bodies, civil society organisations and key scholars, which is highly useful for the purpose of further research. Chapter 2 introduces various international data privacy codes, namely the initiatives of the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations, the European Union, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and relevant sections of various human rights treaties. These introductions vary in the level of detail provided, but each highlights themes such as core principles, implementation mechanisms and future development. Chapter 3, in contrast, introduces the domestic laws of specific countries. Each of the sections, named ‘Europe’, ‘the Americas’, ‘Asia and Oceania’, and ‘Africa and the Middle East’, starts by presenting various common characteristics of the laws within the respective region, and follows this with a brief introduction to the domestic laws in relevant countries. However, a reader wishing to learn the substantive data privacy law of a particular country will be disappointed, as the book merely provides an overview of specific features of each jurisdiction. Nevertheless, while most introductions are relatively brief, the author dedicates 10 pages (107–16) to explaining the unique and influential role played by the USA in the area of data privacy. Chapter 4 is a critical introduction to the aims and scope of data privacy law. It explains the lack of clarity and focus of data privacy law in this respect, with a commen-