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A Hybrid Leaf Area Index Estimation Method of Dioscorea Polystachya Turczaninow Using Sentinel-2 Vegetation Indices

Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow is an herbaceous vine plant distributed in China, and its rhizome named Chinese yam is a famous traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes and other diseases. However, a large region monitoring method of its growth status is lacking, which is important for Chinese yam yield estimation. Therefore, this study proposed a leaf area index (LAI) estimation algorithm for Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow using a hybrid method and Sentinel-2 vegetation indices (VIs). First, two feature selection algorithms the gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) and absolute Pearson correlation coefficient (APCC), were combined with field-measured data and radiation transfer model simulated data to generate four different feature-important ranking groups. Then, a hybrid feature selection algorithm was used to determine the best feature subsets under each ranking group, and GBRT regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to develop the LAI estimation models. Finally, the best LAI estimation model for Dioscorea polystachya Turczaninow was determined based on validation accuracy. The results indicated that the field-measured data were more reliable than the simulated data for feature selection, and the best LAI estimation model was the LASSO model using nine selected VIs, which achieved the performance with root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.391 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.310. The proposed method could provide real-time LAI estimates for future Chinese yam yield prediction.