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Biosynthesis of 14C‐radiolabeled isoflavones from in vitro kudzu (Pueraria lobata) root cultures and red clover (Trifolium pratense) suspension cultures

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) are unique donors for bioavailable isoflavones with potential utility for improving glucose homeostasis and providing other phytoestrogenic benefits. Uniformly labeled [14C]‐sucrose was administered to kudzu root cultures and red clover suspension cultures and 14C‐enriched isoflavones accumulated in the biomass of each. Data from two consecutive runs revealed that 25.5% of the administered label was incorporated into the kudzu root tissue, with a final recovery of 19.6% of the label in the isoflavone‐rich dried extract. In the red clover cell suspension cultures, 40.0% of the administered label was incorporated into cells with a final recovery of 16.6% of the label in the isoflavone‐rich dried extract. Isoflavones were characterized in both species. Whereas the predominant isoflavones in kudzu root cultures were puerarin and malonyl daidzein, red clover cultures produced mostly formononetin and biochanin A. The labeled isoflavones were produced for future use in subsequent in vivo metabolic tracking studies.