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Renal and Endocrine Responses to a Renin Inhibitor, Enalkiren, in Normal Humans

Interpretation of renin-angiotensin blockade with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is potentially confounded by their multiple effects. We used a selective renin inhibitor (enalkiren, A- 64662) to explore the renal and endocrine effects of angiotensin II in healthy men. Each received 90-minute enalkiren infusions at 2-day intervals, on a low (10 mmol, 16 subjects) and high (200 mmol, 12 subjects) salt diet Plasma renin activity, immunoreactive plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations, inulin, and p-aminohippurate clearance were measured by standard methods. Plasma renin activity fell at 0.1 m^/kg, but the threshold for biologic effect was 256 jug/kg, where plasma immunoreactive angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration fell, and renal plasma flow rose (p<0.01). The maximal renal vascular response (+152±23 ml/min/1.73 m2) occurred at 512 /ig/kg (/?<0.01). Diastolic and mean blood pressure fell modestly but significantly (p<0.05). Responses were limited on a high salt diet We confirm that conventional plasma renin activity measurement is misleading in humans receiving a renin inhibitor. The renal vascular response to renin inhibition in this study appeared to substantially exceed reported responses to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, perhaps reflecting a crucial and relatively inaccessible intrarenal locus.