{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014285714285714285, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0014285714285714286, 'mean_word_length': 5.735576923076923, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Enhancement of Thermal Diagnostics on Tumors Underneath the Skin by Induced Evaporation

Infrared imaging has frequently been used in clinics to detect changes in skin surface temperature associated with some superficial tumors. In order to accurately detect and diagnose tumors (especially in their early stages) using infrared thermography, enhancement of thermal expression on the skin over the tumor is desired. This study proposed a novel approach to effectively enhance the skin thermal expression of tumor by induced evaporation on skin surface. To illustrate its feasibility, numerical calculation was first applied to simulate the corresponding heat transfer process, from which the three-dimensional transient temperatures of the biological bodies subjected to induced evaporation were theoretically predicted. Further, preliminary infrared imaging experiments on human forearm were also performed, in which water and 75% (V/V) medical ethanol were particularly chosen to be respectively sprayed on the skin surface. Both the numerical and experimental results indicate that the induced evaporation can significantly enhance the sensitivity of temperature mapping on skin surface over the tumor. The results also suggest that the induced evaporation method can be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermography, especially for tumors at early stages and/or deeply embedded