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Errors in ground-based water-vapor DIAL measurements due to Doppler-broadened Rayleigh backscattering.

The influence of Doppler broadening by backscattering of air molecules on ground-based H2O DIAL measurement accuracy is described. An equation for calculating the absorption cross section as a function of incident and backscattered laser profiles is given. Analysis of the differential absorption lidar theory shows that measurement errors due to this Doppler broadening arise from the range dependence of the backscatter line shape varying with Mie to Rayleigh backscatter ratio and temperature. Simulation results show that great care has to be taken in the analysis of H2O DIAL measurements when layers with high aerosol concentration, clouds, or strong temperature inversion exist.