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A Molecular-Orbital Model of the Atomic Nuclei

A new nuclear model is proposed that describes the cluster and the shell structures unifiedly. By the present model one can investigate characteristics of one-particle orbitals in clustering states and also polarizations of constituent clusters. The model has its base on the Hartree-Fock (H.F.) approximation for nuclear intrinsic states. The basis wave functions used in the present H.F. calculations are constructed from single-particle wave functions around each "cluster center", which can well describe possible large eccentric nuclear deformations in light nuclei. The model is analogous to the LCAO-MO-SCF method in the molecular physics. Numerical calculations are performed using an effective twonucleon force (Volkov No. 1) for the ground states of 8Be and 12C nuclei, and interesting results are obtained about the stability of a-cluster structures. Polarizations are smallest at the equilibrium distance between a-clusters, determined by Brink's a-particle model. An artificial collapse or an extreme decomposition of the a-cluster structures brings about large polarizations. By those polarizations of constituent a-clusters themselves, the a-cluster structure recovers their density distributions. Comparisons of the results are made with those of two-center shell model, usual H. F. calculation and a-particle model.