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Serotonin and exercise-induced brain plasticity

Exercise/physical activity causes a lot of influences on the central nervous system of animals in terms of structure and function. Many studies have reported morphological and behavioral changes that are induced by exercise. For instance, previous studies have shown that exercise augments neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. Exercise also induces antidepressant effects, and enhances learning and memory. As it is known that exercise induces an increase in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in the animal brain, the serotonin system has been suggested to play an important role in the neuronal effects induced by exercise. In this review, we discuss the action of serotonin in the brain plasticity, such as enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus and antidepressant effects, induced by exercise.