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Two Approaches to Mayan Grammar Development in CCG

Computational grammar development often tends towards the development of lexemic grammars, i.e. grammars which posit little or no word-internal grammatical structure, or assume such morphological structure is handled by a system other than syntax proper. However, certain morphological processes do have significant syntactic consequences. Verb-internal incorporated pronouns in Mayan languages and others constitute one such phenomenon: as incorporated pronouns saturate one grammatical argument and semantic role, they are basically morphological affixes which alter a verb’s subcategorization. This is a particularly acute issue for Categorial Grammar, as syntactic categories—or algebraic characterizations of words’ and phrases’ sub-categorization—occupya central role in the theory. As such, incorporated pronouns constitute an appropriate case study in thinking about morphology in computational grammar development. This paper makes two contributions. First, it presents a CCG for a fragment of the Mayan language Popti’ that has been engineered using OpenCCG (Bozsahin et al., 2006). Popti’ (Craig, 1977) is a configurational VSO language with an ergative/absolutive nominal system articulated by agreement markers and incorporated pronouns on the verb forms. Relative clause formation and focus constructions are both left-branching phenomena, and there are constraints on what constituents may be raised out of either construction. These constraints are closely related to the CCG slash-modalities introduced by Baldridge (2002) and presented in §8.1.1.