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Physical Activity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Ethnicity

Diabetes is a major public health problem that affects certain ethnicities disproportionately. Physical activity (PA) (exercise) is a key component necessary for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Adults with and without diabetes may face challenges that interfere with following exercise recommendations. This article reviews the relationships among PA, race/ethnicity, behaviors, and health outcomes of adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The authors review recent cross-sectional and intervention studies and assess their relevance to clinical practice. This is a focused review of the literature from January 2010 to September 2012 on the relationship among PA, type 2 diabetes, and race/ ethnicity with respect to the following components: (1) PA and the likelihood of persons with prediabetes developing diabetes; (2) PA and improvements in health outcomes of persons with prediabetes; (3) PA and improvements in health outcomes of persons with type 2 diabetes; and (4) enablers of and barriers to PA for persons with type 2 diabetes. The initiation of effective PA programs designed to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes or improve diabetes outcomes rely on a critical interpretation of current research findings.