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[Adrenergic regulation of the structure and function of the parathyroid glands].

In this review the current concepts on the sources of sympathetic innervation of the parathyroid glands (PTG) of mammals are systematized; morphological and histochemical characteristics of intraorganic sympathetic nerves are described. The influence of experimental sympathetic denervation and pharmacological modulation of adrenoreceptors on secretory and proliferative activity of parathyrocytes was analyzed. The main mechanism of influence of catecholamines released from the nerve endings and transported from the blood, on parathyrocytes is their diffuse action on cell receptor apparatus, mostly on beta-adrenoreceptors located in plasma membrane. In physiological regeneration conditions, catecholamines are able to increase secretory and mitotic activity of pararthyroid epithelium. In reparative regeneration of the PTG, chemical sympathetic denervation and pharmacological modulation of beta-adrenoreceptors lead to a decrease in the expression and duration of parathyrocyte proliferative response; at the organ level this resulted to in the appearance of the tendency towards development of focal-type proliferative reaction instead of diffuse ones.