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Bilateral focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child presenting as complex cystic renal mass: a report on non-surgical treatment.

Shah K et al. Bilateral Focal Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ... Eur J Pediatr Surg 2011; 21: 207 – 208 Introduction ▼ Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a distinct, severe, atypical and chronic renal parenchymal infection. It is encountered predominantly in middleaged women and is relatively rare in childhood [1] . XGPN occurs predominantly unilaterally, and bilateral disease is extremely rare [2 – 6] . It may present either as diff use or, less commonly, as a focal infection. This uncommon condition is characterized by invasion to surrounding structures. Its resemblance to tumoral features presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Nephrectomy is usually indicated for unilateral XGPN, and the prognosis is excellent if treated early [1] . However, the management of XGPN is diffi cult due to the risk of permanent renal dysfunction. We report a rare case of bilateral focal XGPN in a child presenting with a complex renal mass managed non-surgically.