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Integrated Energy Optimization of Dispatching a Charging Station with Electric Vehicles

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) promises to yield multiple benefits to both power and transportation industry sectors, but it is also likely to affect the distribution network reliability by consuming massive energy. However, the charging and discharging of EVs at EV charging station (EVCS) must be controlled and scheduled in order to reduce the peak load. This paper considers the problem of ordered charging and discharging of EVs at a single charging station. A scheduling optimization strategy for EVCS is proposed, taking the maximum revenue of EVCS as the optimization objective, and considering the constraints of power demand of owners, charging time, discharging time, and capacity of distribution network. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the fixed time-of-use (TOU) price strategy, the dynamic TOU price is solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which regards the price as a variable at each time period of EVCS dispatching cycle. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly augment the revenue of EVCS, reduce peak load, fill valley, and meet the needs of EV owners to the greatest extent.