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Chemical composition, in vitro antiparasitic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Frankenia thymifolia Desf.

Abstract This study was performed on the derived fractions [chloroform (FT-C), ethyl acetate (FT-E) and n-butanol (FT-B)] of the 70% ethanol extract prepared from Frankenia thymifolia, endemic to North Africa. The fractions showed high total phenolic and flavonoid contents particularly FT-E. These results agreed with their antioxidant effects. Indeed, all the fractions were able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, with a better power of FT-E. These results were supported by the inhibition of β-carotene oxidation assay. The fractions showed moderate activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii and Leishmania amazonensis with a better activity of FT-E against A. castellanii. Moreover, FT-B exhibited an interesting antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria. The phytochemical investigation of the most active fractions (FT-E and FT-B) led to the isolation and structural determination of six compounds. The observed biological activities may be associated with the presence of quercetin and its derivatives found in the chemical composition of these fractions. Graphical Abstract