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133. Natural or Technological Disaster: Proposals for International Medical Teams

Natural and technological disasters pose serious problems for the organization of emergency assistance. There are two essential principles: 1) Dispatching and coordinating emergency medical teams; and 2) Directing victims to qualified care units. The dispatching of medical teams may mobilize the emergency facilities of the country concerned or may involve international humanitarian aid. Coordination of the teams requires not only harmonization of the means of assistance, triage, and care, but also rational forms of communication between the various authorities concerned. If any governmental or nongovernmental bodies are involved in the organization of emergency assistance, then they must: 1) Be compatible with each other; and 2) Respect the modes of functioning of the authorities from the country concerned by the disaster. For this reason, it would be useful to set up and manage emergency medical teams on an international level. Such teams could be composed and trained to be able to intervene in any form of disaster. Their techniques and equipment would be similar so as to facilitate effective, rational cooperation between each of the elements. International coordination for such means would be placed under the aegis of an intergovernmental organization like the UN or the WHO, but with the guarantee of total neutrality (including neutrality in the media) whenever an intervention is performed. Only such neutrality would enable this form of international medical structure to be called upon in serious disasters. Indeed, it is inconceivable in international health law that a victim should not receive emergency care simply because of poor immediate coordination of the means available, or for political reasons It probably is through the coordination of the various international emergency facilities that international humanitarian aid can become truly effective and, therefore, desired by a country faced with a large-scale disaster.