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Out-of-Position Occupant Testing (OOPS3 Series)

Although the use of air bag systems as supplemental restraints has significantly decreased the overall risk of fatality in automobile collisions, there is evidence of increased risk of severe and fatal injuries to out-of-position small female and child occupants. For example, surveys of crash data (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Special Crash Investigation Summary - 4/1/98) and laboratory tests conducted by NHTSA indicate that small female occupants are most likely to be injured by driver-side air bags owing to their stature and proximity to the steering wheel and air bag module. Recently, automobile manufacturers have begun ‘depowering’ driver- and passenger-side air bags as the result of concerns for these small female and child occupants. The tests described in this report were designed to evaluate the relationship between air bag inflation aggressivity and occupant injury and response for a depowered driver-side air bag. Depowered driver-side air bags were deployed into the chest of a 5th Percentile Female Hybrid III dummy positioned against the cover of the air bag module in an effort to simulate worst-case chest loading.The tests assessed the ability of chestband contours, thoracic accelerations, and head accelerations to predict injury and to quantify air bag aggressivity in terms of measured occupant response parameters.