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Seminal plasma cytokine levels in the diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Abstract Background: Chronic non‐bacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) are frequently encountered clinical entities characterized by painful and irritative voiding symptoms often referable to the prostate. Diagnosis usually depends on the symptoms and treatment mainly consists of reassurance, anti‐inflammatory medications and antibiotics in the absence of a documented infection. To have objective diagnostic criteria, we determined the possible roles and diagnostic efficacies of soluble cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐2R, IL‐6 and IL‐8 in the seminal plasma of patients with different forms of CPPS.