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Anthocyanin profiles and contents in processed raspberries on the US market

Raspberries rank as the third most popular berry in the United States. Consumption of raspberries has steadily increased over the last decade in the US. Growing awareness of their nutrient density and potential health benefits of bioactive compounds including anthocyanins (ACNs) has aided this pattern. Processed raspberries are frequently used in commercial applications due to their ease of use, longer shelf‐life and peak ripeness. However, there is only limited data on ACNs in processed raspberries. In this study, ACN profiles and contents in common processed forms of raspberries (frozen, juice concentrate and puree (seeded and seedless)) on the US market were investigated. Thirty‐four nationally representative samples, including domestic and imported, were purchased either at supermarkets according to the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) sampling plan or by arrangement with individual raspberry processors. The ACN analyses were performed in a HPLC‐MS system. In total, seven cyanidin or pelargonidin glycoside were identified and quantified, though different samples contained 4 to 5 of them. Cyanidin‐3‐O‐sophoroside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were the primary ACNs detected in all samples. The ACN profiles and contents varied within the same type of processed samples and between the different processed types of raspberries. Five ACN profiles were observed in 18 frozen raspberry samples, and their total ACN contents ranged from 14.38 ± 0.81 to 38.43 ± 2.75 mg fresh weight (FW)/100 g. Four raspberry juice concentrates were found to contain the same ACNs, and the total ACN contents ranged from 30.96 ± 5.34 to 62.29 ± 3.37 mg FW/100 g. Four ACN profiles were observed in 12 raspberry puree samples and their total ACN contents ranged from 10.89 ± 0.94 to 27.11 ± 1.15 mg FW/100 g. In conclusion, seven individual ACNs of either cyanidin or pelargonidin parent structures were identified in nationally representative processed raspberry samples. The ACN profiles varied slightly but contents varied considerably among these samples, which may reflect differences in varieties, origins, processing methods and or other influential factors.