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DMD-based rapid 3D bioprinting for precision tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

DMD-based 3D printing is a powerful tool for making high-resolution biomimetic functional tissues and organs with various biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A plethora of tissues have been fabricated using this technology including liver, heart, lung, kidney, blood vessels, cartilage, and placenta. In this article, we show prevascularization of the artificial tissue constructs using DMD-based 3D printing, which is essential to maintain the long term viability and function of a thick tissue. We also show a 3D printed biomimetic hepatic model that recapitulates the microarchitecture as well as the heterogeneous cell population of various cell types in the native liver tissue. It is important for the biomaterials to mimic the native microenvironment. Finally, we demonstrate that 3D printed tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix can improve cell response and behavior.