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Pro‐atherogenic blood flow and shear patterns acutely induce the release of CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42b− endothelial microparticles in humans

A large body of evidence links decreased and/or oscillatory blood flow and shear to the development of a pro‐atherogenic vascular endothelial phenotype. However, additional human studies are needed to provide more definitive support for this link, as most of the available data come from in vitro experiments and rodent models. To address this, a 220 mmHg occlusion cuff was placed on the forearm of 10 men to induce a localized region of proatherogenic blood flow and shear patterns in the proximal vasculature for 20 min. We hypothesized that this maneuver would induce endothelial activation and apoptosis, as indicated by increases in local concentrations of CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42− bendothelial microparticles (EMPs), respectively. Distal cuff occlusion induced reductions in mean blood flow, mean shear and antegrade shear, and increases in retrograde flow, retrograde shear, and oscillatory shear stress. Relative to baseline, CD62E+ EMPs increased by ~3 fold at 10 min and ~4 fold at 20 min in the experimental arm (P < 0.05). CD31+/CD42b− EMP concentrations were elevated by ~9 fold at the 20 min time point (P < 0.05). There were no changes in EMPs in the contralateral arm, exposed to normal resting blood flow. These data support the hypothesis that pro‐atherogenic blood flow and shear patterns acutely induce endothelial activation and apoptosis in humans.