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Investigation of fractions present in the stem bark of Annickia kummeriae on their P‐glycoprotein inhibitory pump activity

Using MCF‐7R cells and rhodamine 6G as the ﬂuorescent probe, a bioassay‐targeted puriﬁcation process was pursued in order to isolate the active P‐gp inhibitory fractions from Annickia kummeriae. Of 24 fractions obtained in the ﬁrst preparative liquid chromatography (p‐LC) run, only fraction 1 exhibited activity. Further p‐LC fractionation led to the separation of fraction 1 into fractions 1.1–1.8. Fractions 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 proved to be active by inducing a signiﬁcant accumulation of rhodamine 6G by 3.3‐, 4.5‐ and 4.9‐fold at 10 µg/mL, and by 5.3‐, 6.3‐ and 6.8‐fold at 100 µg/mL, respectively. Fraction 1.6 was separated into several fractions by using an analytical liquid chromatography (a‐LC) system. Fractions 1.6.18, 1.6.19 and 1.6.20 were active and they induced an accumulation of rhodamine 6G by 3.0‐, 1.8‐ and 3.5‐fold at 1x µg/mL and by 4.8‐, 6.7‐ and 6.8‐fold at 10x µg/mL, respectively. Afterwards, 28.3 mg of fraction 1.6 was processed by a‐LC, and fractions 1.6.18, 1.6.19 and 1.6.20 were collected separately and dried. The amounts of materials recovered were 6.2, 7.4 and <1 mg, corresponding to 21.9%, 26.1% and <3.5% of fraction 1.6, respectively. From the total amount injected and the relative masses represented by these fractions, it can be calculated that the 1x µg/mL level corresponded to ca. 35, 42 and <5 µg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that incubation of the cells with rhodamine 6G alone did not show any ﬂuorescence, whereas cells which were incubated in medium containing rhodamine 6G together with fraction 1.4, 1.6 or reserpine, clearly indicated accumulation of the dye intracellularly. This is an indication that the active compounds effected high intracellular ﬂuorescence by inducing accumulation of the dye in the cells through inhibition of the P‐gp pump. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.