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The National Origins of Foreign Fighters in Iraq

From President Bush on down to military press officers in Iraq, the U.S. government has singled out foreign fighters as a serious obstacle to establishing stability and the rule of law in Iraq. While small in number compared with domestic insurgents, foreigners have been blamed for some of the worst acts of violence in the three years since the Iraq invasion. For example, Major General Rick Lynch, a spokesman for the Multi-National Force in Iraq, said, “We believe that a major piece -not numerically but in terms of the effects of their attacks -of the insurgency is terrorists and foreign fighters.” And President Bush stated, “Some of the violence you see in Iraq is being carried out by ruthless killers who are converging on Iraq to fight the advance of peace and freedom. Our military reports that we have killed or captured hundreds of foreign fighters in Iraq who have come from Saudi Arabia and Syria, Iran, Egypt, Sudan, Yemen, Libya and others.” Although reports have questioned whether U.S. officials have exaggerated the role of foreign fighters (e.g., Ricks, 2006), understanding the factors that lead foreigners to join terrorist and insurgent movements around the world is an important research topic. Foreign fighters, for example, played a significant role opposing the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s and in the Bosnian conflict in the 1990s. Indeed,