{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03294573643410853, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007751937984496124, 'mean_word_length': 6.171296296296297, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Anti‐inflammatory effect of Spirluina platensis in macrophages is beneficial for adipocyte differentiation and maturation by inhibiting NF‐κB pathway in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes

We showed organic extract of Spirulina platensis, a blue‐green alga, (SPE) had potent anti‐inflammatory effects in macrophages. We hypothesize that by cross‐talking with adipocytes, the anti‐inflammatory effects of SPE in macrophages can be beneficial for adipocyte differentiation/maturation by inhibiting pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Ten % conditioned medium from LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (CMC) and LPS‐stimulated but SPE‐treated macrophages (CMS) were treated on 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes at different stages of differentiation. Expression of adipocyte differentiation markers, such as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, and perilipin, was significantly repressed by CMC but attenuated by CMS. Oil Red O staining confirmed adipocyte maturation in CMS‐treated cells, but not CMC‐treated cells, were equivalent to control cells. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB was attenuated by CMS compared to CMC. In lipid‐laden adipocytes, CMC promoted the loss of lipid droplets, while CMS had minimal effects. Histone deacetylase 3 and 9 are down‐regulated during the adipogensis, but CMS treatment reduced their abundance more than control. Our results show that SPE can promote adipocyte differentiation/maturation in inflammatory conditions, which otherwise can be compromised as in several metabolic disorders.