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Who Controls the Hunt? First Nations, Treaty Rights, and Wildlife Conservation in Ontario, 1783–1939 by David Calverley (review)

who were sent by the Creator” (47). There are also some statements regarding Haudenosaunee law and governance that suggest a degree of infallibility and perfection that seem, to me, unlikely but also impossible to disprove. One such statement is that “the Peacemaker gave the Haudenosaunee a system that guarantees them a peaceful life” if they follow the principles he spelled out (45). These are indeed statements that reveal bias, but it is self-conscious and explicit on the part of Hill and, I believe, necessary for our profession. Non-Indigenous historians, with our own biases, have dominated the historiography related to Indigenous peoples for such a long time that we absolutely need histories written from Indigenous points of view. Hill gives many examples of White scholars getting their analyses wrong due to unacknowledged biases. Hers is a book written from another point of view that corrects the overwhelming non-Indigenous biases in the literature to date. The Clay We Are Made of has won Best First Book (Native American and Indigenous Studies Association), the Aboriginal History Group Book Prize (Canadian Historical Association), and the Ontario Clio Prize (Canadian Historical Association). It was also shortlisted for the Sir John A. Macdonald Prize (Canadian Historical Association). These are all well-deserved: the book is a major contribution to Indigenous history and the history of Settler-Indigenous relations in Canada and North America. One of Hill’s remarkable successes is to seamlessly integrate Haudenosaunee epics and oral history with archival research. The Clay We Are Made of is not explicitly framed as environmental history, but it should be considered alongside existing environmental history literature. This is also a legal history, a history of multiple legal systems existing side by side, coming increasingly into conflict over time. Historians of women and gender will also want to read this book for the way Hill brings forward the roles of women and the importance of matrilineal thinking for understanding Haudenosaunee history. This book is accessible to a broad audience and is appropriate reading for undergrads and up. Foregrounding the resilience and creativity of the community, The Clay We Are Made of is a forceful retelling of the story of Six Nations of the Grand River and a damning portrait of the way settler colonialism works on the ground. Hill shows the innumerable ways in which a succession of settler governments and people deceived, stole from, lied to, broke promises to, and attempted to utterly destroy the people of Six Nations of the Grand River. As Canadians vigorously debate the legacy of John A. Macdonald and others like him, this book lays down in agonizing detail the countless ways Canada built itself by undermining and destroying Indigenous peoples. A rich, Indigenous history of Six Nations of the Grand River, The Clay We Are Made of is also a powerful indictment of Canada and how it came to possess Indigenous lands.