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Common legal supplements: an update

Purpose of review Supplement use among athletes is widespread and dietary manipulation is frequently part of the training program. In light of the widespread beneficial claims by the supplement industry, this review will examine the recent published scientific data and comment on the known ergogenic potential of common legal supplements. Recent findings Most of the supplement manufacturers' claims are based on theoretical benefits. Recent research supports a few general concepts. Protein supplementation combined with heavy resistance exercise promotes anabolic gains in selected populations. Creatine supplementation is beneficial only when combined with resistance training. Vitamin and mineral supplementation above the recommended daily allowance has not demonstrated significant benefit in individuals with normal body stores. Oversupplementation of vitamin E, iron and chromium has been associated with detrimental effects. Summary The widespread use of nutritional supplements has been fueled by exaggerated claims of improvement in athletic performance, physique and energy levels. In selected subsets of athletes, dietary supplementation can enhance performance. This review is designed to give team physicians a scientific basis to help athletes choose a safe and logical approach to supplement choices that may be part of their training.