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Test methods and observed parameters for the mechanical characterization of footwear cushioning

Mechanical characterization (MC) is commonly used in the footwear research field. It enables to objectively quantify the mechanical behaviour of shoes in response to a given solicitation. Footwear cushioning is one of many footwear properties which can be quantified through MC. Most of the time, footwear cushioning is evaluated through an impact test, which consists in a uni-axial compression of the rear-part of the shoes (Fredericks, 2013). The ASTM F1614 standard (2006) suggested three different procedures in order to proceed to an impact test on footwear, called procedures A, B and C, respectively: gravity-driven, force-driven, displacement-driven. Some adjustments of the ASTM standard, mainly regarding Figure 1. Measured contact area for the analysed shooting techniques. Figure 2. Distribution of shooting techniques over 899 trials during a training circuit.