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Brain regions and effective connectivity in voluntary control of bladder sensations: an fMRI study

Hypothesis / aims of study Urinary bladder sensations are influenced by individual and situational factors. The desire to void can be suppressed, but it can also be called forth deliberately as far as maximum bladder capacity is not reached. A previous fMRI study identified several brain regions (the supplementary motor area (SMA), the cingulate cortex, the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex, the insula and frontal operculum) to be more active during "attempted micturition" than during suppression of bladder sensations.[1] The aims of the present study were to localise brain regions that are active when micturition is brought forward, to test for gender-related differences and to analyse the effects of different bladder volume. In addition we explored the effective connectivity of cortical regions involved in task-related bladder control.