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Aberrant expression of β‐catenin discriminates acute myeloid leukaemia from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

The role of β‐catenin in epithelial neoplasms has been widely studied whereas current knowledge regarding β‐catenin gene and protein expression in bone marrow cells derived from normal haematopoiesis and clonal haematological disorders is lacking. β‐Catenin gene expression was quantitatively investigated in bone marrow cells derived from clonal haematological disorders [acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (Ph+ CML], Ph− myeloproliferative disorders, n = 96) compared with non‐neoplastic haematopoiesis (n = 33) by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cellular localization of β‐catenin protein was detected by immunocytochemistry. β‐Catenin gene expression was significantly increased in AML compared with ALL cases (P < 0·0001), Ph+ CML (P < 0·0001) and non‐neoplastic haematopoiesis (P = 0·019). Immunocytochemistry revealed that, in non‐neoplastic haematopoiesis, the granulopoietic lineage as well as megakaryocytes showed membranous and cytoplasmic staining to various degrees along with unlabelled nuclei. Besides haematopoiesis, β‐catenin prominently marked bone marrow vascularity and diverse stroma cells. β‐Catenin gene was inversely expressed in AML and ALL with a lack of protein expression in neoplastic cells in ALL. In contrast, the other haematological disorders under study, except for Ph+ CML, did not show significant alterations of overall β‐catenin gene expression compared with normal bone marrow. These data suggest different regulatory mechanisms in the expression and function of β‐catenin in haematopoietic cells.