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Noise: hearing loss and psychological effects.

There are many uncertainties about the effects of noise below the level that might harm hearing. The author suggests that there is good evidence that loud noises affect well being and health in the widest sense and reviews recent research on the subject. The level of annoyance experienced depends upon the nature of the source, the circumstances, the characteristics and attitude of the individual as well as the physical features of the noise. While annoyance increases with increasing noise there is a wide range of individual variation in response. There is evidence to show that introverts cannot tolerate noise as well as extroverts while anxious people tend to judge sounds to be louder than the non-anxious. Results show that although mentally disturbed and normal people are annoyed by aircraft noise, the former are more likely to be very annoyed. The effect of noise in work performance is not always adverse. Noise increases arousal and focuses attention on the dominant features of the task at the expense of the subsiding aspects. The ability to perform complex tasks and complex intellectual functions deteriorates in the presence of noise; accuracy and the response to the unexpected suffer. Changes in noise level appear to be particularly disturbing. (TRRL)