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Intravascular device-related infections: antimicrobial catheters as a strategy for prevention.

Intravascular devices are essential for the clinical management of seriously and chronically ill patients. These are used to deliver blood and blood products, large volumes of fluids, hyperalimentation and drugs, and to monitor the haemodynamic status of critically ill patients. They are extensively used in intensive care units (ICUs) and oncology and burns units. A potentially life-threatening complication–infection, particularly bacteraemia, is associated with the use of these devices, resulting in high mortality, morbidity and expensive care. Central venous catheters (CVCs) account for an estimated 90% of all nosocomial bloodstream infections. However, a varying degree of risk for such infections depends on the type of catheter used, the duration in situ, the site of insertion, asepsis used during catheter insertion, the skill of the person inserting the catheter, the daily site care and the type of infusate.