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Highly birefringent honeycomb cladding terahertz fiber for polarization-maintaining applications

Abstract. A novel Zeonex-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a honeycomb-like cladding structure and a hexagonal slotted core is proposed. The finite-element method is used to numerically analyze the guiding characteristics of the proposed fiber. The investigations are carried out by optimizing various geometrical parameters of the fiber and varying the frequency, core diameter, and core porosity. The results indicate that the designed PCF demonstrates an ultrahigh birefringence of 0.083, extremely low confinement and effective material loss of 10  −  8 and 0.095  cm  −  1, respectively, and a very high core power fraction of 52.2% at an operating frequency of 1.5 THz. In addition, other guiding properties such as numerical aperture, dispersion, and effective area are also analyzed and discussed in detail. The obtained results show that the proposed PCF is extremely suitable for use in numerous low-loss, polarization-maintaining applications in the terahertz frequency range.