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Investigating the mechanism by which Naproxen and Prometryn causes Cardiovascular dysfunction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the long‐term and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases the risk of developing stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Naproxen is an FDA‐approved NSAID that is currently used to treat several medical conditions such as pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, tendonitis, etc. Acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, is not an NSAID but it has been associated with increased risk of liver toxicity. Similarly, the long‐term exposures to pesticides such as Prometryn amongst others have been established to be dangerous to human lives and capable to disrupt the physiology of different organs in the body, including the cardiovascular system. Prometryn, a diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine, is used as a selective pre‐ and post‐emergence herbicide. It is used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cotton and celery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Naproxen, Acetaminophen, and Prometryn in cardiomyocytes and the underlying mechanisms by which it causes cardiovascular dysfunction.