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Practical management of common AIDS-related medical problems.

As the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues, an increasing number and variety of health care practitioners will be called on to diagnose and treat patients with or at risk for AIDS (see Table 1). The manifestations of AIDS and other conditions related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are protean (see Tables 2 and 3). Thus, a spectrum of physicians including internists, surgeons, neurologists, neurosurgeons and dermatologists will need to have some familiarity with the clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Fortunately, only a minority of risk-group patients presenting with complaints felt to be AIDS-related will be found to have AIDS or other conditions associated with HIV infection. Many of the clinical problems seen in patients at risk for or diagnosed with AIDS are well managed using traditional medical principles. Some peculiarities of the syndrome, however, dictate a unique approach. What follows is a consideration of several clinical problems recurrently encountered during the evaluation of patients in this setting. The management suggestions illustrate how AIDS has altered the approach to some common clinical scenarios.