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Electronic manipulation of DNA and proteins for potential nano-bio circuit assembly

Using gold electrodes lithographically fabricated onto microscope cover slips, DNA and proteins are interrogated both optically (through fluorescence) and electronically (through conductance measurements). Dielectrophoresis is used to position DNA and proteins at well-defined positions on a chip. For the electronic manipulations, quadrupole electrode geometries are used with gaps ranging from 3 to 100 μm; AC field strengths are typically 106 V/m with frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz. Nanoparticles (20 nm latex beads) are also manipulated. A technique of in situ impedance monitoring is tested for the first time to measure the conductance of the electronically manipulated DNA and proteins. The electrical resistance of DNA and proteins is measured to be larger than 40 MΩ under the experimental conditions used.