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Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients - A Clinico Biochemical Study

Background and aim: Various biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum have been evaluated in patients with periodontitis. A Leptin concentration in serum of patients with chronic periodontitis has not been evaluated, for changes in relation to the effectiveness of periodontal therapy. So the aim of this in-vivo interventional study is to evaluate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in serum leptin levels in periodontitis patients.
Materials and methods: 24 patients participated in the study. Clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment levels were recorded. Serum leptin level was estimated pre and 1 month post periodontal therapy. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test.
Results: All the samples from 24 patients showed positive leptin levels during assay procedure. The difference in levels of serum between healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients was statistically insignificant. Clinical parameters evaluation showed a significant improvement in the periodontal status after non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients.
Conclusion: It was found that serum leptin level can be used as a biomarker in evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients. Serum leptin levels were not severely altered in chronic periodontitis patients when compared to healthy subjects and were unable to determine the effectiveness of periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis patients. More interventional studies with higher sample size are required to ascertain the role of serum leptin in evaluating the periodontal health status.

Key words: Chronic periodontitis, leptin, serum, Clinical periodontal parameters, non-surgical periodontal therapy, ELISA.