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Influence and Intertextuality in Arundhati Roy and Harper Lee

Arundhati Roy's debut novel The God of Small Things garnered international media attention for its commercial success, literary merit, and social critique.1 Despite the fact that Roy makes no immediately recognizable allusions to Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, a closer examination reveals a stunning array of thematic, stylistic, and theoretical parallels between the two novels, so much so that Lee's novel becomes a principal intertext in God, revealing a transnational influence that critics,2 readers, and even Roy herself3 marginalize within current postcolonial studies' critical frameworks. These parallels are made more provocative because there are no explicit allusions to Lee's Mockingbird, while Roy does name and employ numerous works of classic literature along with a variety of high and popular cultural intertexts in her novel.4 The novels' differing American and Indian foci unexpectedly intersect on themes involving ideological formations of femininity within the national imaginary that align women in postslavery America with women in postcolonial India. Furthermore, reading Lee's minoritized design through Roy's subalternized design reflexively reveals the embedded colonial history within US