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Screening for retinopathy in the pediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. American Academy of Pediatrics. Sections on Endocrinology and Ophthalmology.

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy, a specific vascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in patients 20 to 74 years of age in the United States. The prevalence of retinopathy is related directly to the duration of diabetes. Nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus eventually develop some degree of retinopathy.1 Two forms of diabetes are recognized: type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (noninsulin-dependent). Patients with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk of developing severe proliferative retinopathy leading to visual loss.2–5