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Non-Linear Transport and Switching Properties of Transition Metal Oxides

Repetitive switching from the high to the low resistance state in thin crystalline and amorphous films of transition metal oxides such as NiO, NiO(Li), CoO, Nb2O5 and TiO2 is investigated. The switching processes are associated with four conduction states. The transitions among the first three states are reversible and cyclic, exhibiting switching times from 0.1 µsec to 2.5 nsec. The fourth state represents a final and irreversible step in the dielectric breakdown. Transport and dielectric data as a function of doping, voltage, frequency and temperature are used to interpret the nature of the non-linear conduction and switching processes.