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Norm-Referenced Tests: Are They Valid for Use with Handicapped Students?

Although norm-referenced tests have been a mainstay in special education placement and program evaluation activity, there never has been a systematic effort to determine whether handicapped children have been included in the development of the tests' norms, items, and indices of reliability and validity. The present investigation explored this question by analyzing up-to-date user manuals and technical supplements of 27 aptitude and achievement tests. Results indicated most test developers and publishers provide scant data on the appropriateness of their tests for use with handicapped children. Implications for test users, developers, and publishers are discussed.