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Recent Techniques in Geophysics with Special Applications to Engineering Geology

Abstract and Introduction Geophysical field measurements are now more frequently employed to gain information about the ground conditions, so that construction projects can be economically and safely designed. This is especially the case for offshore structures and nuclear power plants or where the ground conditions are poor. Large scale structures require aseismic design and this area of application has been greatly improved, as we can accurately analyse the dynamic properties of the ground. Instruments are also available to monitor the ground behaviour during and after construction so that the new stress conditions can be evaluated. The fields which have been improved recently are: the seismic reflection technique for shallow exploration, the measurement of shear wave velocity to determine dynamic modulus, borehole measurement of all types and most recently radar to give a continuous high resolution section of the near surface. All these techniques have been improved by new technology enhancing the display and plotting capability and S/N ratio, as well as continued development of the theoretical problem.