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Guidelines for the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are public health measures that aim to prevent and/or control SARSCoV-2 transmission in the community. As long as there is no effective and safe vaccine to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19, NPI are the most effective public health interventions against COVID-19. These ECDC guidelines detail available options for NPI in various epidemiologic scenarios, assess the evidence for their effectiveness and address implementation issues, including potential barriers and facilitators. NPI have played a critical role in reducing transmission rates and the impact of COVID-19 in the European Union, European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and United Kingdom (UK). Until a safe and effective vaccine is available to all those at risk of severe COVID-19 disease, NPI will continue to be the main public health tool against SARS-CoV-2. Most NPI can have a negative impact on the general well-being of people, the functioning of society, and the economy. Therefore, their use should be guided by data on the local epidemiological situation, with the overall goal of protecting the most vulnerable individuals in the society. Specific recommendations to protect the most vulnerable include enhanced surveillance, comprehensive testing, and intensified infection prevention and control practices in settings that host high-risk individuals, such as longterm care facilities.