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Radiometric calibration performance of GOES-17 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

GOES-17 (G17), the second NOAA’s latest generation weather geostationary GOES-R series satellites, was declared as the operational GOES-West satellite at 137.2° W longitude on February 12, 2019. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard is the primary instrument which is now paired with the GOES-16 (GOES-East) ABI to provide faster, more detailed and accurate measurements for the weather phenomena over the Western Hemisphere compared to the legacy GOES Imagers. Yet right at the beginning of the G17 ABI post-launch test and post-launch product test (PLT/PLPT) in late April 2018, the malfunctioning of Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) on the spacecraft was detected. This anomaly leads to degraded data quality for all the infrared (IR) bands and no useful data for some IR bands during some hours at night of one some days in the year. Despite all the adversities, significant improvements in the L1b radiance have been made. This study reported the radiometric calibration performance for all the G17 ABI bands and the comparison with that of GOES-16 (G16) ABI. During the time when the IR focal plane module (FPM) is controlled, the G17 IR radiometric calibration is generally well calibrated and very stable. The radiometric calibration difference to G16 IR data is within 0.1K for all the IR bands except for B09 at 0.22K and B16 at 0.57K. The predictive calibration algorithm (pCal) which was operationally implemented on July 25, 2019 significantly improves the radiometric calibration accuracy during the time when the IR FPM temperature is unstable. The radiometric calibration accuracy for the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands at both G16 and G17 is within 5% using the SNPP/VIIRS as the reference, except for G16 and G17 B02 and G17 B05. With the recent updates of the B02 solar calibration look-up tables, the G16 and G17 B02 radiance are also significantly reduced and comparable to the common reference. Continuous efforts to improve the G17 radiance quality are still ongoing.