{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0383828045035824, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0127942681678608, 'mean_word_length': 4.88855421686747, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Immune response of rabbits to lipid A: influence of immunogen preparation and distribution of various lipid A specificities

Sixty-two rabbit anti-lipid A serum samples were compared with respect to the immunogens used (synthetic lipid A and partial structures, natural lipid A, or acid-treated bacteria). Immunoglobulin (Ig) type-specific differences in rabbit response between liposomal membrane-embedded (LME) and other lipid A immunogens were found: LME lipid A elicited predominantly IgM antibodies. Previous findings of equally good immune responses to synthetic lipid A and acid-treated bacteria (L. Brade, E.T. Rietschel, S. Kusumoto, T. Shiba, and H. Brade, Infect. Immun. 51:110-114, 1986, and L. Brade, E.T. Rietschel, S. Kusumoto, T. Shiba, and H. Brade, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 231:75-97, 1987) turned out to be restricted to complement-fixing antibodies; IgG titers of sera against free lipid A (whether synthetic or natural) were significantly lower than those raised with bacteria. The results indicated an increase in IgG content of sera from LME lipid A over other free lipid A immunogens to acid-treated bacteria. These data underline the importance of the physicochemical environment for the immunogenicity of lipid A. As a second objective, the presence of various lipid A antibody specificities was tested with synthetic lipid A antigens. Antibodies to monophosphoryl lipid A were detected only in sera raised with monophosphoryl immunogens. Reactivity with monosaccharide partial structures of lipid A was found both in sera against monophosphoryl lipid A and in 60% of sera against bisphosphoryl lipid A. In the former, monosaccharide reactivity was of a magnitude similar to that of reactivity with lipid A; in sera against bisphosphoryl lipid A, it was lower. No reactivity or only marginal reactivity was found with phosphate-free lipid A, thus emphasizing the role of phosphate substitution for the lipid A epitopes recognized.