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LiNaK : multi-species apparatus for the study of ultracold quantum degenerate mixtures

This thesis describes the construction of a
versatile apparatus to study ultracold quantum mixtures capable of
simultaneously cooling fermionic ⁶Li and ⁴⁰K, as well as the
bosonic ⁴¹K. The main features of the experimental setup are
presented, in particular the addition of a new species ²³Na, which
has enabled the study of the Bose-Fermi mixture ²³Na-⁴⁰K. Three
main experimental benchmarks are outlined: first, the production of
a Bose-Einstein Condensate of ⁴¹K is discussed and an evaluation of
its properties as a coolant are analysed. Secondly, the creation of
a triply degenerate Bose-Fermi-Fermi gas of ⁴¹K-⁴⁰K-⁶Li is
presented. Simultaneous observation of Pauli Pressure and Bose
Condensation in the triply degenerate gas is reported. In addition,
interspecies Feshbach resonances between ⁴¹K-⁴⁰K and ⁶Li-⁴¹K are
observed, opening the way to the study of a strongly interacting
isotopic Bose-Fermi mixture of ⁴¹K-⁴⁰K, which have similar mass.
Thirdly, the creation of a quantum degenerate Bose-Fermi mixture of
²³Na-⁴⁰K is discussed and over thirty Feshbach resonances are
identified. Finally, a degenerate ²³Na-⁴⁰K Bose-Fermi mixture opens
the way to creating fermionic NaK ground state molecules, which are
known to be chemically stable and have a larger permanent electric
dipole than KRb. This thesis concludes with a review of the
molecular properties of NaK and explores the possibilities of
bringing Feshbach molecules of NaK into the singlet rovibrational
ground state.