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[Tomography and confocal microscopy in the study of retinal pathologies].

EDITORIAL Nowadays, Optic Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an essential tool for clinical practice. On the basis of the inferometry principle, it provides two-or three-dimensional sections, measuring the delay in the transmission of echoes and the amount of light that is reflected or absorbed. The result is an optical biopsy which provides information about retinal pathologies in real time. Since it was developed in 1991, its introduction has revolutionized imaging tests in ophthalmology and has made OCT an indispensable tool not only for diagnosing specific pathologies but also for taking therapeutic decisions. OCT has become an irreplaceable diagnostic method for a large group of ophthalmological pathologies, including macular pathologies, glauco-ma and other neuro-ophthalmic pathologies. In recent years we have witnessed important changes in image acquisition with the appearance of spectral domain or Fourier devices. This new generation of OCT has the advantage of concurrently measuring luminous echoes with different delay rates, thus increasing the image acquisition speed and providing images with higher resolution and more reproducible. The increase in the image acquisition speed reduces the artifacts produced by ocular movement and improves the resolution of the different retina layers. In addition, it is a harmless and short technique for the patient which produces little discomfort apart from being highly reliable and reproducible. Spectral domain tomography provides an image quality that allows for differentiating the different retina neuronal layers, including the ganglionary cells layer, photoreceptors and reti-nal pigmentary epithelium (RPE). Optic Coherence Tomography is an excellent tool not only in clinical practice but also for researching diverse pathologies, including in animal models. The capacity of some tomographers to identify the region in which they took images in previous explorations assists us in assessing temporal changes at the retinal layers level. The fact is that these layers can be easily identified with spectral domain tomographers. This allows us to observe the vitreal-retinal interface, the internal limiting membrane, the retina nervous fiber layer, ganglionary cells, the internal plexiform membrane , the internal nuclear layer, and the external ple-xiform and limiting membranes as well as identify the internal photoreceptor segments, their union with the external segments, the retinal epithelium layer and, according to the device and its capacity to recognize choroidal signals, the choriocapillary and the large vessels layer. The information provided at the anatomical layer is impressive, considering the high image acquisition speed. However, data acquired via ACT are supplementary to the information provided …