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Tolls for B cells

Priming of naive lymphocytes is important for yielding efficient immune responses. Mechanisms controlling this process are also important for preventing immune cells from attacking self‐antigens. It is well known that signals provided by innate immune receptors, such as Toll‐like receptors (TLR), are essential to induce dendritic cell maturation that subsequently allows the priming of naive T cells. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, it is shown that TLR stimulation effectively potentiates naive human B cell activation and production of antibodies in T‐dependent immune responses. TLR signals can be delivered to B cells directly, or indirectly via cytokines provided by TLR‐activated dendritic cells.