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Melt-preferred orientation, anisotropic permeability and melt-band formation in a deforming, partially molten aggregate

Shear deformation of partially molten rock in laboratory experiments causes the emergence of melt-enriched sheets (bands in cross-section) that are aligned at about 15{20 to the shear plane. Deformation and deviatoric stress also cause the coherent alignment of pores at the grain scale. This leads to a melt-preferred orientation which may give rise to an anisotropic permeability. Here we develop a simple, general model of anisotropic permeability in partially molten rocks. We use linearised analysis and nonlinear numerical solutions to investigate its behaviour under simple shear deformation. In particular, we consider implications of the model for the emergence and angle of melt-rich bands. Anisotropic permeability aects the angle of bands and, in a certain parameter regime, it can give rise to low angles consistent with experiments. However, the conditions required for this regime have a narrow range and are unlikely to be met by experiments. Although anisotropic permeability may shape the behaviour of partially molten rocks, it is not the primary control on band angles observed in experiments.