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The Breath of Life: Legacies from Virtuosos of Biology, Chemistry, and Medicine

The ancient term air was used by early Greek philosophers as far back as the 5th century b.c. Aristotle (384-322 b.c.) emphasized the earlier concept of the four basic elements as air, earth, fire, and water, and speculated that the function of respiration was to cool the blood in the lungs by air. The early development of these and related ideas has been described in a remarkable book by J. R. Partington [1], the eminent historian of chemistry. It was not until the 17th century that experimental approaches to understanding the true meaning of respiration were undertaken. Three centuries later, research on respiration continues in ever-increasing detail, revealing new aspects of the mechanisms involved.