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Alpha-momorcharin inhibits HIV-1 replication in acutely but not chronically infected T-lymphocytes.

AIM
To identify the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activities of alpha-momorcharin (alpha-MMC) from Momordica charantia in acutely and chronically infected T-lymphocytes.


METHODS
The anti-HIV activities of alpha-MMC were examined by 1) the inhibition of syncytia formation induced by HIV-1 III B; 2) reduction of p24 core antigen expression level and decrease in numbers of HIV antigen positive cells in acutely and chronically infected cultures. The cytotoxic effects of alpha-MMC was tested by trypan blue dye exclusion or colorimetric MTT assay.


RESULTS
alpha-MMC was found to obviously inhibit HIV-1 III B-inducing C8166 syncytia formation and markedly reduced both expression of p24 core antigen and the numbers of HIV antigen positive cells in acutely but not chronically HIV-1-infected culture. The median effective concentration (EC50) in these assays were 0.016, 0.07, and 0.32 mg.L-1, respectively.


CONCLUSION
alpha-MMC is a unique component of momorcharin with anti-HIV activity, and markedly inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely but not chronically HIV-1-infected T-lymphocytes.