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Beech sawdust based adsorbents for solid-phase extraction of pesticides and pharmaceuticals

Carbonaceous solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, efficient in isolation and
 enrichment of multiclass pesticides and pharmaceuticals from water, was
 synthesized starting from cheap waste beech sawdust and using KOH as the
 activated agent. The first step in carbon material preparation was
 hydrothermal carbonization of the waste beech sawdust. Following
 hydrothermal treatment, the obtained material was activated, using different
 amounts of KOH. It was found that applied activation leads to changes in
 material structure, an increase in specific surface area, and a decrease in
 the number of surface oxygen groups compared to carbonized sample. SPE
 procedure of multiclass pesticides and pharmaceuticals from water using
 activated carbonized beech sawdust (AcSD) was optimized by selecting the
 appropriate elution solvents, the sample pH, and the sample volume to obtain
 the highest enrichment efficiency. The optimized SPE procedure was applied
 for water analysis using different AcSD samples as a sorbent for analyte
 preconcentration. Activated carbon sorbent, obtained with the highest amount
 of KOH, showed the highest recoveries regarding the most analytes, which
 were comparable with the recoveries obtained by commercial cartridges.