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Follow up of the pancreatic structural alterations in a rat model of andropause induced by bilateral orchiectomy after different time periods

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The pancreas and male gonads shared similar utilities.Aim: To follow-up the pancreatic structural alterations after orchiectomy on different times.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were allocated into sham-operated (Group I, n=6) and orchiectomized (Orx)(Group II, n=18). After 2 weeks of rest, the Gr II was equally re-distributed into subgroups IIa, IIb, and IIc dependingon sacrifice time (3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively). The pancreatic specimens were processed and stained with H&E andwere immunostained with anti-insulin and glucagon proteins and anti-single-strand DNA (ss-DNA). Body masses, serumtestosterone, fasting plasma glucose levels, oxidant and antioxidant markers were measured. The optical density of insulinimmunopositive reaction and immunopositive area % of insulin, glucagon, and ss-DNA were realized with image analyzer.Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA's and Tukey’s test.Results: This study revealed that the orchiectomized rats were hyperglycemic. The oxidative stress was significantly elevatedwhile the antioxidant enzyme was significantly decreased. Structurally, in Gr IIa, the acini were deformed and shrunken. Theacinar cells had less basophilic cytoplasm with small and darkly basophilic nuclei, while the islets cells appeared deeplyacidophilic with small darkly stained nuclei. The apoptotic cells were observed in some acinar cells and in cells peripherallylocated in islets. The positive area% of the β cell was non-significantly decreased, whereas the positive area% of α cell wassignificantly decreased. Additionally, the positive area% of apoptotic cells was significantly increased. Gr IIb and GrIIcrevealed the same structural changes as in GrIIa.Conclusion: Orchiectomy-induced testosterone deficiency affects the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic portions, both witha risk for pancreatogenic diabetes (type III). Therefore, we should be more cautious before performing orchiectomy inhumans or animals.