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Cytokine Responses to CpG DNA in Human Leukocytes

Previous studies have implicated a role of bacterial DNA, containing unmethylated cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine (CpG) motifs, in the initiation of systemic inflammation. This is based on the ability of CpG‐DNA to act in synergy with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production in murine monocytes and to enhance LPS toxicity in rodents. In this study we investigated the capacity of CpG‐DNA to trigger and modulate cytokine responses in human leukocytes.