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Chapter 8. Thermal Desorption and Incineration

Soil contamination by both inorganic and organic compounds is strongly associated with industrial activities. Owing to the toxicity of these contaminants to human and ecological health and the stringent regulations related to their management, efforts have been devoted to develop efficient methods to allow the rehabilitation of contaminated soils. Excavation followed by landfill disposal is widely used to manage contaminated soils. Thermal remediation is an efficient and reliable way to reduce soil contaminant concentrations through the application of heat to enhance the mobility of contaminants and separate them from soil particles. Thermal remediation covers thermal desorption, microwave heating, pyrolysis incineration and vitrification. These processes have been well studied at the laboratory and pilot scales. This chapter provides an overview of soil contamination and summarizes recent progress in thermal decontamination processes.