{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.026976160602258468, 'fraction_numerical': 0.023212045169385194, 'mean_word_length': 5.701680672268908, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Opposing effects of PSD‐93 and PSD‐95 on long‐term potentiation and spike timing‐dependent plasticity

The membrane‐associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) PSD‐95, PSD‐93 and SAP102 are thought to have crucial roles in both AMPA receptor trafficking and formation of NMDA receptor‐associated signalling complexes involved in synaptic plasticity. While PSD‐95, PSD‐93, and SAP102 appear to have similar roles in AMPA receptor trafficking, it is not known whether these MAGUKs also have functionally similar roles in synaptic plasticity. To explore this issue we examined several properties of basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 region of PSD‐93 and PSD‐95 mutant mice and compared the ability of a number of different synaptic stimulation protocols to induce long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) in these mutants. We find that while both AMPA and NMDA receptor‐mediated synaptic transmission are normal in PSD‐93 mutants, PSD‐95 mutant mice exhibit clear deficits in AMPA receptor‐mediated transmission. Moreover, in contrast to the facilitation of LTP induction and disruption of LTD observed in PSD‐95 mutant mice, PSD‐93 mutant mice exhibit deficits in LTP and normal LTD. Our results suggest that PSD‐95 has a unique role in AMPA receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses in the hippocampus of adult mice and indicate that PSD‐93 and PSD‐95 have essentially opposite roles in LTP, perhaps because these MAGUKs form distinct NMDA receptor signalling complexes that differentially regulate the induction of LTP by different patterns of synaptic activity.