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Notching Up Vascular Inflammation.

Notch signaling is a major cell–cell communication pathway regulating cell fate decisions during embryonic development of multicellular organisms.1 A classical function of the Notch pathway is to coordinate the spatial organization of tip and stalk endothelial cells (EC) during sprouting angiogenesis.2 This process is executed by the ligands Dll4 (delta-like canonical Notch ligand 4) and Jag1 (jagged 1) which signal through Notch 1 and 4 leading to the activation of the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jκ (recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region). More recently, Notch signaling has been shown to regulate various physiological processes in adult EC including inflammation. However, the relationship between Notch signaling and inflammation is complex, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles have been attributed to the Notch pathway depending on context. For example, endothelial Notch1 was shown to reduce inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development in mice with destabilized low-density lipoprotein receptors,3 whereas endothelial RBP-Jκ enhanced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice.4 These seemingly discrepant data may be attributed to different functions of Notch1 and RBP-Jκ in EC, or to the different models of atherogenesis used. …