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Seismic morphologies of submerged late glacial to early Holocene landscapes at the eastern Dogger Bank, central North Sea Basin - implications for geo-archaeological potential

The inundated Doggerland in the North Sea Basin has been a coveted research target for many years due to its key location with respect to geological evolution since the last glaciation and its archaeological potential related to prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations. Still, many uncertainties related to glacial and sea level forcing on erosion and deposition remain, and the first discovery of submerged settlements is yet to be reported. In this study, we present a range of seismic morphologies and facies characteristic for the late glacial and Holocene succession near a major drainage system at the eastern Dogger Bank. Five of these facies are dominant in the area while two facies can be associated with a terrestrial-fluvial landscape buried 0-22 m below the seafloor. We detect various erosion levels of the terrestrial-fluvial landscape greatest towards the south where sediment has been removed likely due to a combined terrestrial-fluvial and marine erosion. We find that five subareas show geo-archaeological potential in terms of 1) preservation degree of terrestrial strata based on erosion estimates, 2) accessibility of terrestrial strata based on burial depths and 3) paleolandscape configuration based on spatial setting in relation to the drainage system and the paleo-coastlines. We further document a geological evolution of the study area, which is comparable to the evolution at the western Dogger Bank. However, we find more evidence for an extended flooding period because of the vicinity to the major drainage system and the Elbe Paleo Valley. We propose that our approach can be used as a workflow for marine investigations that focus on submerged hunter-gatherer heritage.