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Liver cell culture toxicity of general anesthetics.

Abstract Chang liver cells in monolayer tissue cultures were exposed to various concentrations of ether (E), isoflurane (IF), halothane (H), or methoxyflurane (MF) for 5 hr. Loss of intracellular enzymes into surrounding media was used to quantitate cytotoxic effects. Drug concentrations in cells and media were monitored during the experiments. Dose and concentration-related cytotoxic effects were evident for all drugs. The order of cytotoxic potency was MF > H > IF > E; the differences among them were statistically significant. The in vitro effects on liver cells seem to correlate with the knowledge on comparative hepatotoxic potentials of these drugs in man and suggest that an additional direct, dose-related toxic effect on hepatocellular membranes may play a role in the seemingly hypersensitivity-type of hepatotoxic reactions to halogenated anesthetics.