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Probation and the Tragedy of Punishment

Discussions of probation values have not always given sufficient emphasis to two important considerations - first, that probation practice takes place in the contested area of penality, so that aims and values are inherently disputable; second, that there is a tight conceptual link between values and practice. Values should be expressed in action; reciprocally, experiences of trying to realise aims and values should contribute to their progressive refinement. These considerations and awareness of diversity imply wide discretion and other characteristics that sit uncomfortably with contemporary managerialism. Probation is a morally significant activity and not reducible to techniques of effectiveness.