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Multi-label sparse coding for automatic image annotation

In this paper, we present a multi-label sparse coding framework for feature extraction and classification within the context of automatic image annotation. First, each image is encoded into a so-called supervector, derived from the universal Gaussian Mixture Models on orderless image patches. Then, a label sparse coding based subspace learning algorithm is derived to effectively harness multi-label information for dimensionality reduction. Finally, the sparse coding method for multi-label data is proposed to propagate the multi-labels of the training images to the query image with the sparse ℓ1 reconstruction coefficients. Extensive image annotation experiments on the Corel5k and Corel30k databases both show the superior performance of the proposed multi-label sparse coding framework over the state-of-the-art algorithms.