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Differential expression of adiponectin in women with clinical phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive disorder characterized by increased androgen secretion, changes in ovarian morphology and absent or infrequent menstrual cycles. PCOS is associated with varying degrees of insulin resistance, and adiponectin, a fat derived protein, may contribute its development. The objective of this study was to characterize adiponectin gene expression in the subcutaneous fat (SF) of women with different PCOS phenotypes (Frank n=30, Mild n=6 and Ovulatory n=7) and controls (n=24). Adiponectin gene expression was measured by qPCR using SYBR Green. Serum adiponectin was quantified by ELISA. Levels of circulating insulin were also measured before and after a 75g glucose challenge. Serum levels of adiponectin were lower in Frank PCOS (p<0.001) but not in women with Ovulatory (p=0.21) or Mild PCOS (p=0.99). Adiponectin gene expression did not differ among PCOS phenotypes or controls. As serum adiponectin increased, clinical markers of insulin resistance, including HOMA‐IR, 2 hour insulin, fasting insulin, and total insulin area under the curve, decreased (p<0.0001) and QUICKI increased (p<0.0001). No associations among clinical markers and gene expression were detected. In summary, the degree of insulin resistance in PCOS is reflected in circulating levels of adiponectin but not SF gene expression. This research was supported by Cornell University.