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Soil moisture distribution around land mines and the effect on relative permittivity

Soil water content, relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity, directly or indirectly affect the detection capabilities of sensors used for land mine detection. The most important of these is water content since it also influences the other properties. Therefore an experiment was set up where water was applied to a test area and the water content was monitored over time. Simultaneously, measurements with a ground penetrating radar (GPR) were carried out. Subsequently the measurements of both the water content reflectometers (WCR) and GPR were compared against the outcome of a soil water content model and a model relating soil water content with medium relative permittivity. We find that the introduction of water in a dry sand soil, increases the impedance contrast of the land mine with respect to its surrounding (i.e. stronger electromagnetic signatures) which may result in better detection. Alternative effects also seem play a role in finding and identifying features of potential targets.