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The Cellular Bioeffects of Low Intensity Ultrasound

A wide range of non-lethal cellular effects of low intensity ultrasound have been demonstrated in the literature. In order to utilise these effects therapeutically, the underlying interaction mechanisms of ultrasound with cells, and the cellular processes involved in these interactions must be understood. This article reviews recent work on cellular bioeffects using both cell culture and in vivo animal models. We also discuss our current understanding of cellular effects and processes involved in thermosensing and mechanosensing.