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Shape, Size Evolution, and Nucleation Mechanisms of GaAs Nanoislands Grown on (111)Si by Low-Temperature Metal–Organic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

The shape, size evolution, and nucleation mechanisms of GaAs nanoislands grown at 400 °C on As-stabilized (111)Si by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy are reported for the first time. GaAs crystallizes in the zincblende phase in the very early nucleation stages until a continuous epilayer is formed. GaAs nanoislands grow (111)-oriented on Si as truncated hexagonal pyramids, bound by six equivalent {120} side facets and a (111) facet at the top. Their diameter and height appear to increase linearly with the deposition time, yielding a constant aspect ratio of ∼1/4. The nanoisland density (before coalescence) stays constant with time at ∼2 × 1010 cm–2, suggesting that the nucleation occurs at specific Si surface sites (defects) during the very early growth stages, rather than being due to the continuous formation of new nuclei. To understand the molecular-level mechanisms driving the low-temperature MOVPE growth of GaAs on Si, we applied a deposition–diffusion–aggregation (DDA) nucleation model, which predi...