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Japanese Knotweed Management in the Riparian Zone of the Bronx River

prairie plantings, the lack of knowledge of how a species will interact with the local conditions (Gibson et al. 2016) and other species may lead to unintended consequences (Johnson et al. 2017). Even in its traditional range, restoration practitioners are now advising against using R. pinnata in restorations because of its competitive and easy to establish nature (Jessica Peterson, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, pers. comm.). Therefore, the demonstrated ability of R. pinnata to be self-sustaining combined with its aggressive nature and the possibility of unintended consequences leads us to caution restoration practitioners on using this species outside of its traditional range.