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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Improves Stage 1 and Stage 2 Sleep Nocturia in Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

An exercise intervention without nutritional intervention may worsen nutritional status in frail older women. Nutritional requirements may increase in response to an exercise intervention, so it is recommended that frail older people avoid energy and protein deficiency, or increase protein intake, when they do strength training. The exercise group had lower iron intake and worse iron status after the intervention but still took in more iron than the control group. The enzyme supplement digests protein, carbohydrate, fat, and dietary fiber, improving absorption of amino acids, cholesterol, and sugars. Previous nutritional intervention studies used supplements, but some studies have suggested that the use of a supplement decreases nutritional intake from food. The major limitation of this study was that subjects were not allocated randomly to the groups. It was carefully checked that diet and physical activity were constant in the groups during the study. The exercise and exercise with supplementation groups had the same exercise program, although Barthel Index and grip strength were higher in the exercise group than in the exercise with supplementation group. Differences in these conditions or other factors may have affected the present results, although it appears that an exercise intervention without paying attention to nutrition may worsen nutritional status. Nutritional condition should be assessed when older people undertake an exercise intervention.