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Change and stability in the influence of parents’ education on children’s intelligence

We tested the relative influence of mothers’ and fathers’ education on children’s differences in intelligence (IQ) across five UK population cohort studies (total N = 48,175) with children born in 1946, 1958, 1970, 1994-96, and 2000. Associations between mothers’ and fathers’ education with children’s IQ ranged from r = .38 (CI 95% .36 - .41) to r = .19 (CI 95% .17-.20) across generations. Fathers’ education was more strongly associated with children’s IQ in earlier cohorts but later, mothers’ education became more influential. Negative interactions between mothers’ and fathers’ education, suggesting compensatory effects, influenced children’s IQ only in the earlier cohorts significantly. We conclude parents’ education has continuously influenced children’s IQ with medium to large effect sizes across generations.