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Task‐Correlated Facial and Head Movements in Classifier‐Based Real‐Time fMRI

Real‐time fMRI is especially vulnerable to task‐correlated movement artifacts because statistical methods normally available in conventional analyses to remove such signals cannot be used in the context of real‐time fMRI. Multi‐voxel classifier‐based methods, although advantageous in many respects, are particularly sensitive. Here we systematically studied various movements of the head and face to determine to what extent these can “masquerade” as signal in multi‐voxel classifiers.