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Insights into Late Holocene Climate of the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica, from High Resolution Ice Core Chemistry

The Ross Sea is the most biologically productive sector of the Southern 
Ocean and a region of substantial bottom water formation. Modulation of 
these processes has the potential to influence both regional and global 
climate. Analysis of snow pit and ice core samples from Mt Erebus Saddle
 (MES) on Ross Island allows reconstruction of Late Holocene climate of 
this key region of Antarctica.

The biogenic sulphur species, methylsulphonate (MS-), is shown to be a 
quantitative proxy for Ross Sea Polynya conditions. MS- concentrations 
of the snow pit, dating from 1999-2005 AD, strongly correlate (R2 > 
0.9) with interannual changes in open water area and surface ocean 
primary productivity caused by the sea-ice-damming effect of large 
icebergs.

Trace element analysis of ice core samples allows delineation between: 
1) terrestrial and marine sources, 2) anthropogenic Pb pollution, and 3)
 volcanic trace element deposition. To assess the contribution of 
mineral dust leaching to trace element concentrations, powdered rock 
standards were leached in 1 wt.% HNO3 and periodically sampled for 
analysis. Results demonstrate that trace element leaching in acidified 
samples is time- and mineral-dependent. Incongruent leaching of trace 
elements from dust causes errors in crustal enrichment factors and 
produces trace element ratios, which do not reflect dust provenance.