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Immune cell infiltrate in different grades of astrocytomas: possible role in the pathogenesis

Background Despite advances in surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, only modest improvement has been achieved in the survival of patients with malignant gliomas. Aim The aim of our work was to evaluate the expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD68 in low and high grades of human astrocytomas, and examine their possible role in the pathogenesis of astrocytoms. Material and Method Histological sections of 95 primary astrocytic tumors (33 of low grade, 62 of high grade) were immunohistochemically stained for CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68. Staining expressions were analyzed and scored by two pathologists. Results Our results showed that CD8 and CD68 staining scores were significantly more frequent in the malignant than in the benign tumors (P<0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively) in intratumoral and perivascular cuffing. In contrast, CD3 and CD4 were more statistically significant in low-grade gliomas (P=0.035 and 0.002) than high-grade gliomas. Conclusion More effective adjuvant treatments are required for malignant gliomas. Our finding suggests that CD8 and CD68 may also be associated with glioma progression. Future T-cell immunotherapies will combine different strategies to deliver potent T cells to the glioma bed. The applicability of immunological approaches in the treatment of these tumors warrants continued study.