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The Iconography of the Bronze Doors of Barisanus of Trani

The bronze doors of Barisanus of Trani at the Cathedrals of Ravello, Trani, and Monreale, are impressive assemblages of individual panels with figures and decoration cast in low relief. Of the three compositions, that of Ravello, dated 1179, was first; and the molds for its panels were reused, with some additions and modifications, for the other doors. This study aims to show that the subjects on panels of the Ravello door, though drawn from many sources, were carefully chosen and originally arranged in a coherent grouping. A redemptive theme underlies the subjects of the upper registers, while below there are subjects which tend to be of a protective and cosmographic nature, and the entire array is ordered from top to bottom as a hierarchy. Many of the subjects relate in content to contemporary compositions in other media; but a deeper understanding of the door composition as a whole is facilitated by comparing the work of Barisanus with arrangements in the iconography of other doors, and with subjects traditionally associated with entry-ways in the Middle Ages.