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Underemployment and Housing Insecurity: An Empirical Analysis of HILDA Data

Time-related underemployment, hereafter just called underemployment, can be broadly understood as employment that is insufficient in terms of the number of hours of paid work (Campbell et al. 2013, pp.9-11, 16-18, 67-70; see ILO 2013, p.9). The concept of underemployment is closely linked to that of unemployment since both involve insufficient hours of paid work and both are identified in official statistics as aspects of labour force underutilisation. Underemployment is a widespread and persistent feature of contemporary Australian labour markets, associated with adverse consequences such as low personal income, low life satisfaction, poor skills enhancement and low family income (Watson 2008; Wilkins 2007), yet there has been little research examining its impact on housing. Given the robust literature that points to the adverse impact of unemployment, or joblessness in general, on housing security (Berry et al. 2010; Boheim & Taylor 2000; Horsewood & Doling 2004), there is a strong prima facie case that underemployment might also have adverse consequences for housing security. This in turn has implications for the design of policy aimed at easing pressures that lead to housing insecurity.