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Travelling Wave Antenna Based MIMO for 5GHz WLAN Band Application With Pattern Diversity

ABSTRACT A single-layer, four-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5 GHz (5150–5850 MHz) band WLAN application is proposed. Each unit element consists of three sections and this behaves as a travelling wave antenna, which enables frequency scanning feature. The combination of orthogonal feeds and placement of elements introduce dual-polarisation, and pattern diversity respectively. Thus, the proposed MIMO antenna offers a higher degree of freedom (pattern diversity, frequency scanning and dual polarisation), which makes it exceptional. The proposed MIMO antenna has a maximum impedance bandwidth of 17% (4.93–5.87 GHz) corresponding to port 4 and isolation of 17.5 dB, which is achieved without additional decoupling/isolation enhancement circuits. The envelope correlation coefficient of 0.25, capacity loss less than 0.4 bits/sec/Hz, and the mean effective gain (MEG) ratio of 0 dB in the desired frequency band quantifies the diversity performance for WLAN applications. The proposed MIMO has gain from 2 to 5.5 dB and occupies a compact volume of 1.3 λ × 1.3 λ × 0.02 λ mm3, which may be one of the most miniaturised electrical configurations.