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Dissociation of two distinct luteotropic effects of prolactin: regulation of luteinizing hormone-receptor content and progesterone secretion during pregnancy.

The roles of the pituitary and placenta in pregnant rats and, more specifically, the effects of prolactin and rat placental lactogen on luteal cell function were examined. Hypophysectomy, but not hysterectomy, on day 9 of pregnancy, caused serum progesterone concentrations to decrease 90% and luteal cell LH receptor content to drop 35% by 24 h suggesting pituitary support of luteal cell function at this time. Hypophysectomy and hysterectomy on day 9 effected a similar change in progesterone. The decrease in LH receptor, which was not seen until 48 h, could be prevented by daily administration of prolactin (250 μg/day) or serum of day 12 pregnant rats (2 ml/day). The drop in progesterone production was reduced by the administration of prolactin or PRS alone but was completely prevented by combining prolactin treatment with estradiol (100 μg/day in sesame oil). Hysterectomy on day 12 of pregnancy caused serum progesterone to decrease within 72 h. LH receptor content remained unchanged on day 15 of pregnancy...