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Using fewer qubits to correct errors in the three-stage QKD protocol

This paper discusses correcting small rotation errors in the three-stage quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using only two logical qubits thereby increasing communication efficiency. Further, we can correct errors before they accumulate at every stage ensuring that the errors remain small. Three-stage QKD is tolerant of multi-photon pulses for key exchange and therefore more applicable in real world scenarios. However, given that it requires back and forth communication, any channel errors that occur accumulate. We discuss the proposed error correction protocol in detail and workout each step. We show how the two transacting parties can correct small rotation errors using just two logical qubits in a majority of cases. We compute the efficiency increase and bound on the magnitude of rotation errors that can be tolerated.