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Combined Analysis of Polymorphisms in Angiotensinogen and Adducin Genes and Their Effects on Hypertension in a Japanese Sample: The Shigaraki Study

We examined the interactions between lifestyle and polymorphisms of salt-sensitive genes and their effects on hypertension in a general Japanese sample (The Shigaraki Study). The study group consisted of 2,902 subjects who underwent a medical examination in 1999 in Shigaraki, a suburban area in Shiga. Among 1,647 subjects not receiving antihypertensive medication, in a combined analysis of angiotensinogen (AGT) and adducin (ADD1) polymorphisms, double homozygosity of 235Thr or 460Trp was not found to be associated with hypertension. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.06–1.08), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.13–1.23), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16–1.66), family history of hypertension (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18–2.07), and combined AGT M235T Thr/Thr and ADD1 Trp/Trp polymorphisms (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.82) were associated with hypertension. However, there was no interaction between eating salty food and combined AGT and ADD1 polymorphisms. Furthermore, eating salty food was not associated with hypertension in a multivariate analysis. Therefore, a combination of the AGT and ADD1 polymorphisms appears to be associated with hypertension. However, a simple questionnaire regarding salt intake was not sufficient to confirm the relationship between salt intake and hypertension and/or salt-sensitive genes.