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GLUNDHÂNGAN AND PIGEON IN SOCIOCULTURAL PRACTICES OF MADURESE PEOPLE

Glundhangan is an ensemble of wooden gamelan played by Madurese people. Glundhangan music is believed as archaic music of Madurese people. It even existed before era of metallophone gamelan. In Jember, glundhângan is closely related to pigeon and usually used for nyata and totta’an dhârâ events. Nyata is an event when a pigeon master succeeds to get his opponent’s pigeon. While totta’an dhârâ is a match of releasing pigeons together and then they, pigeons, come back to pajhudhun (pigeon house) of their masters. Glundhângan is a music which becomes winning signifier of pigeon’s master when he gets his opponent’s pigeon, and it is an accompanying music for pigeons release and return to home. Glundhângan consists of some wooden musical instruments like glundhâng, dhung-dhung, tong-tong, tek-tek, nèng-nèng and ghâghâmbhâng, and they are accompanied by vocal of tembhâng mamaca (ancient version) and kèjhungan (modern version). Every pajhudhun and pigeon master must have musical instruments dhung-dhung or tong-tong in a form of various kentongan made by wood. The music instrument is used by a master as means of communication to pigeons and people. Dhung-dhung instrument of the pigeon master is commonly sacred as other relics like keris. Commonly, the master supplies himself and pigeons with mythical power. It is dhung-dhung itself which becomes identity of glundângan music. For Madurese people, pigeon is treated as special animal. Pigeon is also a manifestation of supernatural power of its master. Glundhângan music and pigeons are articulations of Madurese people that represent social degree, pride at stake, symbol of masculinity and productive distribution of conflict desire among people.    