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Direction of Arrival (DoA) Estimation Performance in a Multipath Environment with Envelope Fading and Spatial Correlation

The Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation method is widely researched and applied to a diverse array of structures under complex environments. However, the performance investigation of the DoA estimation method for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) based Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) applications operating in a multipath fading environment with channel-phase random variable and spatial correlation is limited to the best of our knowledge. Therefore this work investigates the scenario mentioned above in a single receiver system equipped with the multiple-antennas. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo Simulations in MATLAB. The effectiveness of the simulation is validated against the performance metric Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for the AWGN case (i.e., thermal noise). Simulation results assisted in visualizing a real trend and showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) statistics are improved for spatial correlation consideration in the multipath fading environment.