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Anaerobically Induced Proteins in Rice Seedlings

Although most cereal seeds can not germinate under anaerobic conditions, rice is able to germinate and grow under strict anaerobic conditions (Perata et al., 1997 ; Ellis et al., 1999). However, the metabolic basis underlying the tolerance of rice to anaerobiosis is not fully understood. The evidences have illustrated that the ability to maintain an active glycolysis, which allows ATP production when oxidative phosphorylation is limited, is most important for the plant survival under anaerobic conditions (Kennedy et al., 1992 ; Ricard et al., 1994; Drew, 1997). The anaerobic stress results in a drastic alternation in the pattern of gene expression and protein synthesis in many plants (Sachs et al., 1986). Three major anaerobic stress proteins (ANPs; 36-, 40and 87-kD proteins) are selectively induced in rice seedlings under an anaerobic condition (Kato-Noguchi, 2000). By N-terminal amino acid sequencing, 36-kD ANP has been identified as the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and the activity in the seedlings was increased over the course of 24 h by the stress. In the present research, the 40-kD and 87-kD ANPs were identified to help elucidate the functions of the ANPs in the rice seedlings under the anaerobic conditions.