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Automatic intonation modeling with INTSINT

Accurate intonation modeling has become a vital part of modern day speech synthesis systems. This is especially true for tonal languages such as isiZulu, where the intonation of an utterance not only influences the perceived naturalness of the synthetic voice, but may also influence its semantics. In this work we explore the INTSINT intonation modeling algorithm and its application to an isiZulu speech synthesiser. For fundamental frequency an algorithm, MOMEL, for the automatic derivation of a representation as a sequence of target points is applied. A symbolic coding system for fundamental frequency patterns is implemented. We show that the model’s level of phonetic representation has the potential to provide an interface between abstract cognitive representations and their physical manifestations, but requires more in-depth phonological information.