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Research progress on drugs with new targets in treatment of type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a kind of metabolic disorders. Its incidence is rising year by year, and has become one of the most popular non-communicable chronic diseases in the world. Above 90% of diabetic patients suffer type 2 diabetes. The current drugs for type 2 diabetes mainly include sulfonylureas, biguanides, glinides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitors. Each has its characteristics and advantages on the hypoglycemic mechanism of controlling sugar, but can not meet the clinical demand. With the constant efforts of researchers, a lot of compounds with new targets for type 2 diabetes have been in phase I, or II clinical study, and a few are in pre-registration condition, which is expected to clinical application in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as new drugs. In this paper, mechanisms of new targets, research process and notice of drugs for anti-type 2 diabetes, such as glucokinase agonists, glucagon receptor inhibitors, G-protein coupled receptor 119(GPR119) agonists, AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) agonists, free fatty acid receptor 1(FFAR1) agonists, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B(PTP-1B) inhibitors, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehy drogenase(11β-HSD) inhibitors are reviewed, which could provide a reference for R D of drugs for type 2 diabetes.