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Effect of Temperature on the Dental Implant Osseointegration Development in Low-Density Bone: An In Vivo Histological Evaluation

Objectives:To make an in vivo evaluation of the effects of 2 different bone temperatures, on the development of implant osseointegration, in low-density bone. Materials and Methods:Fifteen implant osteotomic sites were prepared in the iliac crests of sheep. Before the implant insertion, 5 sites were heated to 50°C for 1 minute, 5 sites to 60°C for 1 minute, and 5 sites were not overheated. Fifteen titanium dental implants (Cortex, Israel) were inserted. After a healing period of 2 months, the histomorphometric parameters calculated for each implant were the Bone–Implant Contact percentage (%BIC) and the infrabony pocket depth. Unpaired t test was applied to find statistical differences between groups. Results:No implants failed. Statistical significant differences in %BIC and periimplant bone loss were found between the 60°C group and control group. No significant differences were found between the 50°C group and control group, although bone suffering signs were present. Conclusion:An osteotomic site overheating up to 60°C for 1 minute in low-density bone, before implant insertion, did not lead to implant failure, but it induced significant crestal bone loss during healing and lower %BIC.