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Politics and Pensions in Europe

There was no evidence in 1980 for gender discrimination in relation to single men and women. One surprising development however was that the increase in home help provision between 1980 and 1985 went almost entirely to elderly men living alone. The evidence from both 1980 and 1985 shows that both vertical and horizontal target efficiency are higher for women than men, suggesting that the former allocation is more closely linked to disability. Certain overriding patterns remain the same. The service is still heavily targeted at those who are over eighty, regardless of their level of disability; and the authors interpret this perhaps rather charitably in terms of risk avoidance in relation to the vulnerable, rather than of stereotypical assessments. The service also remains heavily targeted on those who live alone, again reflecting risk aversion as well as the low priority given to the relief of carers. The 1980s were ostensibly a period of change for the home help service and yet, as Bebbington and Davies show, things remained remarkably the same, with if anything a slight shift in directions that were counter-indicated by the policy debate. What this bodes for the more radical changes ostensibly underway as part of the 'New community care' remains unclear, but it must at least raise a question mark over the ease with which authorities or agencies will be able to move to closer targeting in this area. We await Bebbington and Davies's subsequent analyses with great interest.