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Quantitative Studies on Salivary Blood Group Substances III.: In Identical Twins 1

Abstract With the use of a quantitative automated method, the concentrations of blood group substances A, B, H and Lea have been measured in salivas from 100 pairs of identical twins. Titers of Leb substance were determined manually. When the sample is grouped according to types, highly significant independent interactions of ABO blood types on the concentration of H and Leb activity and of secretor type on Lea activity are shown. It is also brought out in discussion that concentrations of salivary A and B substances are significantly higher in Lewis‐negative individuals. However, no influence of ABO type is shown on Lea activity in cell types Le(a+b‐) or Le(a‐b+). Highly significant allelic interactions are shown to influence the concentrations of A and B substances in A and B types and A subtypes. Thus, a major contribution to good intra‐pair correlations in the concentration of blood group activity in related individuals, particularly in identical twins, will be made by their similarity in ABO, secretor and Lewis types. However, when analyses of the twin data are restricted to pairs of the same ABO, secretor and Lewis types, intra‐pair correlations for A, B, H, Lea and Leb substance are highly significant in the majority of groupings except in the Lewis‐positive nonsecretors. This concordance is shown to be independent of sex, age or environment. It is concluded, therefore, that the concentration of salivary blood group substances A, B, H, Lea and Leb in secretors is under close genetic quantitative regulation. The suggestion is made that a series of quantitative Se alleles could be the source of such control.