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Considerations on Gnss-R Carrier Phase Altimetry

The European Space Agency has recently studied, assessed or approved GNSS Reflectometry mission concepts based partly or fully on carrier phase observables for altimetry applications. Examples of these are, respectively, the GEROS-ISS experiment on board the International Space Station, the G- TERN Earth Explorer proposal or the PRETTY cubesat mission, currently in Phase B. This paper touches upon a few topics which are specific to carrier phase GNSS-R altimetry, namely, the involved geometry, the observables, the link budget (related to the aperture of the receiving antenna) and the carrier phase ambiguity resolution.