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Synergistic Toughening in Ternary Silica/Hollow Glass Spheres/Epoxy Nanocomposites

Herein, the fracture toughness of ternary epoxy systems containing nanosilica and hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) is investigated. The experimental measurements reveal synergistic fracture toughness in some hybrid compositions: The incorporation of 10 phr of HGMS and nanosilica alone modify the fracture toughness of epoxy by 39% and 91%, respectively. However, use of 10 phr hybrid modifier can enhance the fracture toughness of the resin up to 120%. Observations reveal different toughening mechanisms for the blends i.e., plastic deformation for silica nanoparticles and crack bifurcation for HGMS. Both of these toughening mechanisms additively contribute to the synergism in ternary epoxies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT