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Cysticercus bovis in cattle in two beef feedlots in southern Ontario.

Bovine cysticercosis is caused by the larval stage of Taenia saginata. Humans may be infected by eating raw or undercooked beef containing larval cysts. They, in turn, may provide the supply of eggs to cattle in feces deposited in areas accessible to cattle. In Canada, bovine cysticercosis is a reportable disease under the Health of Animals Act and Regulations (1) due to its public health implications. The larval stage of T. saginata in the muscles of cattle may be fully developed within 2 to 3 mo postinfection (2) and remain viable for 3 to 30 mo (3,4). Degeneration and mineralization may occur within 1 to 8 mo (2-4). Previous investigative reports have identified possible sources of infection as application of sewage sludge to fields, flooding with leakage of raw sewage onto fields, arrival on the farm of previously infected cattle, and fecal contamination of feed and/or water by farm employees (5). Lesions of cysticercosis were initially discovered in December 1992 (farm A) and on 3 occasions during October 1992 (farm B) on routine postmortems by inspectors of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. They were confirmed at the Animal Diseases Research Institute in Nepean, Ontario, to contain larvae of Cysticercus bovis. Animals at these farms were quarantined, according to requirements of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (6), and shipped under license to slaughter. The attack rate for farm A was 13.13% and for farm B, 4.34% (Table 1). Owners of the farms were interviewed to determine feed sources, feeding practices, water sources, numbers and sources of employees, sewage and septic disposal and potential for leakage, availability of toilet facilities on the farm, and the origins of the animals. Locations of feed storages, water sources, barns, pens, residences, septic systems, and proximity to municipal sewage disposal sites were also determined. On farm A, all work with the cattle was done by the farm owner and his son. Some cattle arrived at the farm with brands or flapper ear tags, which were not removed. This permitted limited tracking of origins of animals and length of time on the farm. The cattle were purchased from multiple sources in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Ontario. The water source on this farm was the local municipal supply. Feed used was home-grown corn, roasted peanut skins, sugar residue from a processing plant,