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Are we as tired as we think we are? : A study over the relation of the explicit and implicit within-day variability of fatigue

The aim of this study was to get a better insight into the relationship between the explicit and implicit level of fatigue and their specific circadian nature. A second goal was to validate the newly developed assessment scale for momentary fatigue, the EMMF. 
The study used a longitudinal observational study. In total four measurements were conducted online, via the website ‘sosciosurvey.de’. 41 participants took part in the study. First the explicit level of fatigue was assessed with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). Second the momentary explicit interpretation was measured with the Explicit Momentary Measurement of Fatigue (EMMF). And last the implicit level was indicated by a D-score resulting from a self-concept BIAT with the two groups ‘I – fatigue’ and ‘I-vitality’. 
The paired sample t-tests showed a significant change in the explicit level of fatigue throughout the day, whereas the implicit level seems to be relatively stable with no significant fluctuations. Correlations between the two types of measurements revealed no significant associations for any given time. However, a slight trend in scores can be observed suggesting a very slightly stronger relationship in the morning/ afternoon than in the evening. Furthermore, the results strongly support the validity and reliability of the EMMF.