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RITUALS AND BELIEFS OF UDMURT-KALMEZ IN UNINSKY DISTRICT OF THE KIROV OBLAST

The article is based on the materials of the ethnographic expedition conducted in the year 2002 among the Udmurt- Kalmez in Uni district of Kirov oblast which is located in the upper reaches of the Loban’ River, the right tributary of the Kilmez River. The paper provides information on demographic indicators, the area settled by the Udmurt- Kalmez , and about the dialect terms used by this local Udmurt group. The differences between the Udmurts-Kalmez and the Udmurts- Vatka are traced. The description of family and calendar rites is given focusing on settlements like the villages of Magi, Udmurt Porez, Malye Uni, Pazjal, Kljuchi, Malyj Polom, and others. Information is provided about the traditional public shrine of Tod’y oshmes (‘white / light spring’) of the Udmurts- Kalmez which acted under the influence of Orthodoxy as a sacred place for the local Udmurt and Russian people. These materials are connected to the processes of russification among the local Udmurts, the erosion of their language and culture due to the influence of the Russian population, the outflow of villagers to the urban areas, and the change in social and cultural infrastructure in the rural areas.