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Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism

The tourism industry is considered an engine of economic growth in both developed and developing countries. The tourism industry contributes precious foreign exchange, generates employment and helps in infrastructure development and alleviation of poverty. However, the inconsiderate tourism development brings about disastrous implications on the economy, society and environment of the tourist destinations. The massive growth of tourism and the concentration of tourist activities in certain destinations imposed a perceptible strain on local society and resources. Sustainable tourism has emerged as the most comprehensive approach to achieve sustainable development and mitigate the adverse impacts of tourism. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) urges governments to “maximize the potential of tourism for eradicating poverty by developing appropriate strategies in cooperation with all major stakeholders including the indigenous and local communities”. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines sustainable tourism as “tourism development that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes and biological diversity and life support systems”. It emphasizes a balance among economic, environmental and social aspects of tourism; the need to implement sustainability principles in all segments of tourism; and global aims such as poverty reduction. Sustainable tourism takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts and addresses the needs of visitors, industry, environment and the host communities. India has recognised tourism as an engine of inclusive socio-economic growth and development. However, the lacunae of planning and haphazard implementation of tourism plans have brought a plethora of problems and issues, which challenge the economic, social and environmental existence of destinations. The tourism plans and programmes are planned and implemented in such a way that the fruits of economic development have benefited the tourism business operators, promoters of hotels and restaurants and big Article Publication