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Difficulties with Identification of Living Patients after Fires in a Hospital

Introduction: Identification of patients in cases of disaster is a currently studied problem and most studies have been based on dead patients. Many identification systems have been suggested in order to centralize patient hospital files. However, in cases of an emergency or disaster event occurring in an hospital, some patients may still be alive but may not be identified, and their past medical history, treatments, and hospitalisation motives may remain unknown as is demonstrated in the following cases. Case 1: A fire occurred at 03:00 hours, in a private hospital in the Seine-Saint-Denis area in France. Fifty-six persons were potentially poisoned by smoke inhalation including 4 patients with clinical signs of severity. The mean age was 72 years old. Six patients (11%) where not identified, including one comatose patient. Case 2: A fire occurred at 04:00 hours, in a medicalised home for the elderly in the Seine-Saint-Denis area in France. Seventy-eight persons were potentially poisoned by smoke inhalation. Every patient was more than 71 years old; 7 patients died (9%), 12 patients were severely poisoned (15%) requiring intubation in 10 cases, and 14 more patients were admitted to the hospital. Ten patients (13%) were not identified, including 3 dead patients and 5 intubated patients. In both cases, past medical history, treatments, and motives for hospitalisation were unknown because patient files were not accessible