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Risk identification & Risk management versus Vaccination on Dairy Farms: a true controversy? (With special attention to professional communication and risk communication)

In this paper, two main domains of veterinary preventive medicine are addressed: applying vaccines and implementing risk identification & risk management plans. Both should go together on food animal production farms because they appear to be mutually beneficial. Moreover, the potential risk of economic losses is drastically lowered. Both domains are briefly highlighted. A dairy farm is used for illustration purposes. Professional communication plays a paramount role in increasing the compliance of the farmer to these plans. Professional communication is incomparable with emergency risk communication such as should be implemented in highly contagious, notifiable diseases in large regions or such as in a Covid epidemic. Therefore, a discussion text has been added as an Annex I to compare the emergency risk communication outcomes related to Covid-19 in humans in France with the criteria of emergency risk communication addressed in the context of dairy cattle production. Guidelines to set up emergency risk communication plans are provided in an Annex II.