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Study of Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves in a Magnetized Plasma Using the Three-Dimensional Time-Space Fractional Schamel-KdV Equation

The study of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a magnetized plasma has long been considered to be an important research subject and plays an increasingly important role in scientific research. Previous studies have focused on the integer-order models of ion-acoustic solitary waves. With the development of theory and advancement of scientific research, fractional calculus has begun to be considered as a method for the study of physical systems. The study of fractional calculus has opened a new window for understanding the features of ion-acoustic solitary waves and can be a potentially valuable approach for investigations of magnetized plasma. In this paper, based on the basic system of equations for ion-acoustic solitary waves and using multi-scale analysis and the perturbation method, we have obtained a new model called the three-dimensional(3D) Schamel-KdV equation. Then, the integer-order 3D Schamel-KdV equation is transformed into the time-space fractional Schamel-KdV (TSF-Schamel-KdV) equation by using the semi-inverse method and the fractional variational principle. To study the properties of ion-acoustic solitary waves, we discuss the conservation laws of the new time-space fractional equation by applying Lie symmetry analysis and the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. Furthermore, the multi-soliton solutions of the 3D TSF-Schamel-KdV equation are derived using the Hirota bilinear method. Finally, with the help of the multi-soliton solutions, we explore the characteristics of motion of ion-acoustic solitary waves.