{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04929577464788732, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02716297786720322, 'mean_word_length': 5.03030303030303, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
ITO-free flexible polymer solar cells with ink-jet-printed Ag grids

We have demonstrated cost-effective ITO-free polymer solar cells (PSCs) with ink-jet-printed current collecting Ag grids in combination with highly conductive PEDOT:PSS as a composite transparent electrode. By ink-jetting of Ag nano-particle solution, we were able to obtain ink-jet-printed Ag grids with sheet resistance of 15.8 Ω/square and optical transmittance of 82.51% at 550 nm wavelength. Furthermore, the ITO-free PSC with the composite transparent anode on flexible substrates exhibited excellent cell-performances: fill factor of 64.72%, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 6.301 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.562 V and power conversion efficiency of 2.292%, indicating the ink-jet-printed grid-based electrode is a visible alternative to cost-intensive sputter-grown ITO electrodes and a promising printing-based electrode for realization of fully printed and flexible ITO-free photovoltaic devices.