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Diabetic State and Major Cardiovascular Events in young adult hypertensive patients

Background: Hypertension in young adults is a specific disease with its discrete pathophysiology compared to other subset of hypertension. Prevalence of diabetes is higher in young adult hypertensive patients. Previous research reported that the prevalence of diabetes in young adult hypertensive patient is 11.1%. Both hypertension and diabetes are independent cardiovascular risks which contribute to major cardiovascular events. Objectives: To review the prevalence of diabetes & pre-diabetes in young adult hypertensive patients and its association with major cardiovascular events. Methods: Data of young adult hypertensive patients at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita from 2011 until 2013 were reviewed and studied retrospectively. Major cardiovascular events in this research consists of myocardial infarct, stroke, and coronary revascularization procedure (either PCI or CABG). Results: From 194 young adult hypertensive patients, complete diagnostic workup of diabetes, including oral glucose tolerance test, is done only to 108 patients. The prevalence of diabetes in young adult hypertensive patients is 41.7%, while the prevalence of pre-diabetes is 24.1%. Among 108 patients, major cardiovascular events were found 70.4% in diabetes and pre-diabetes patients compared to only 48.6% in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.26). Conclusion: This study emphasize the high prevalence of diabeticstate in young adult hypertensive patients and that complete diagnostic assessment of diabetes should be done in all young adult hypertensive patients. In the other hand, with significant result from statistical analysis, diabetes & pre-diabetes prevalence is higher in young adult hypertensive patients which presented with major cardiovascular outcome compared to those who did not.