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Institutional and Socioeconomic Constraints on the Second-Generation Green Revolution: A Case Study of Basmati Rice Production in Pakistan's Punjab

These developments are setting the stage for a second-generation Green Revolution. Unlike the first Green Revolution, any new growth in agricultural productivity will be based on improving institutional and socioeconomic setups for the purpose of enhancing resource-use efficiency. This second-generation revolution will not push modern inputs as a strategy; growth in productivity will depend on the efficient use of these inputs. This article investigates the constraints on the second-generation Green Revolution by quantifying the causes of resource-use inefficiency and variation in input use in agriculture. A case study is presented describing socioeconomic conditions, institutional setting, and physical environment in two representative rice-growing villages in the Pakistan Punjab and their role in formulating the farmers' productionrelated characteristics and farm management practices in the sequence