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A comparative study of selected physical fitness variables between university level cricket and football players

The purpose of the study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables among university level cricket and football players of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. A total 40 male subjects in which 20 subjects from cricket and 20 subjects from football discipline between the age group of 20-28 years were randomly selected as subjects. The selected subjects were tested on speed by 50 yards dash test, explosive strength by standing broad jump test, agility by 4x10 meter shuttle run test and muscular strength was tested by sit ups test which was selected as criterion variable. It was hypothesized that there may be significant difference between cricket player and football players on selected physical fitness variables. To find out the significant difference in physical fitness variables “t” test was applied and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level. The result showed that No significance differences was found among cricket players & football group in 50 yards dash, standing broad jump and shuttle run. The result also showed that football players were found better compared to cricket players in sit up test.


Introduction
All through the world fitness and wellness development has filled in size and it gives unique significance to youth. Progressively, the clinical calling general concurs that legitimate exercise is exceptionally wanted capable as a vital piece of keeping up with wellbeing and health is for more pleasant then attempting to recover it. Physical fitness is a condition of wellbeing and prosperity and all the more explicitly parts of sports, the capacity to perform parts of sports occupation and day by day exercises. Before the modern unrest fitness was characterized as the ability to do the day's exercises without fatigue. Physical Fitness is viewed as a proportion of the body's capacity to work productively and actually in work and relaxation exercises and stay solid. As start prior, it is by and large acknowledged truth that a sound mind lies in a sound body. Fitness isn't a thing to be accomplished with next to no work. An earnest and true exertion is expected to acquire it. The idea of physical fitness as old as mankind, keeping in mind the survival of the fittest, down through the ages, as only strong and agile invader safeguard themselves and their property. It's undeniably true that, physically fit people are in a superior situation to bear the rigorous and abnormal stress and strain, than the people who are less physically fit. The fundamental movement like running, throwing, climbing, jumping lifting etc. requires explicit physical attributes such as muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, strength, balance and coordination. Every intense game or sport requires certain physical qualities that should be prioritized for development in each athlete. Generally these qualities are speed, ability to run, walk or run faster. Agility, the ability to change direction in the air and on the ground. Flexibility, the range of motion determined by the joints of the body. Strength, the ability of muscles a muscle to pull, push, press, or squeeze. During the course of one's training in sports and games these qualities are developed depending upon physical constitution of an individual.
All the basic components of physical fitness are essential in all sporting events, however each sport event is fundamentally governed by one component of the other. The idea of "total football" or football applies ability development tactical development and improvement of all the physical parameters of the vital motor parts that are closely related and contribute to the success of the game. No longer improving the technique physiology and the most effective body, sports scientists are also working to expand the intellectual abilities of football players. The official football literature shows that patience speed agility maximum leg strength upper frame strength leg energy muscular endurance flexibility ability Coordination ability and reaction time are essential prerequisites for effective overall soccer performance. Football is a hoy requires physical mental technical and tactical qualities with all the necessary condition abilities football has become faster than when professional athletes around the world continues to be drawn to it. It is not a speed and acceleration game. Cricket is a game wherein health is historically not thought of as very crucial. The importance of fitness in any game cannot be underlined. The healthier you are the better you'll play. But Cricket is one such game which exams your game talents intellectual power stamina and physical endurance as properly. Fitness is fundamental in any regard levels of the game, while being fundamental for zenith level players. It is helpful for amateurs who will work on both their viability and amusement through great prerequisites of fitness.

Statement of the problem
The main purpose of the study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables among university level cricket and football players of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya.

Delimitation of the Study
 This study was delimited to university level players of age 20 to 28 years.  This study was delimited to selected physical fitness test.  This study was delimited to 30 university level male cricket and football players from Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya.

Limitations of the study
During the study researcher has recorded some drawbacks/limitations as follows:  Lack of motivation of the participants in performing the physical fitness tests, which might affect the results of the study.  The performance effect of the subjects due to their difference in physical characteristics.

Significance of the study
It is hoped by the researcher that the recordings created and interpreted in this study will assist professional college football players and cricketers the information collected can be used to under Following training programs as well as consulting currently records the same age of physical activity that must have in football and cricket players. The researcher also thinks that this study will help the expert cricket and football players improve their gaming habits.  [17] conducted a study on physical fitness components of athletes and non-athletes found the result that athlete students due to their regular practice have better physical fitness than the nonathlete students.

Review Literature
Mr. Mahipal (2016) [3] in his study found that result of the study showed that athletes have found greater speed, explosive power and agility as compared to football players. No significant difference was found between athletes and football players for the variables of muscular strength.
Mr. Tufan Mete and Dr. Atanu Das (2018) [1] conducted a study on motor fitness component and physiological characteristics were selected as the measuring criteria. Statistical t-test showed significant difference of leg explosive strength (2.2112>2.021) between sprinters and jumpers. Lastly the physiological characteristics showed similar uniqueness for both sprinters and jumpers. Kunvar Singh and Ratnesh Singh (2017) [7] The reason of the prevailing observe changed into to discover the relationship of walking among the wickets performance of the Cricket players with decided on Anthropometric Variables (peak and Arm period) and physical health variables (pace, Agility and flexibility  [2] , in their study attempt to investigate the impact of education on physical fitness improvement. They found that numerous elements are exceedingly inter-related to training and physical health and it`s utility is a vast contribution to the sector of bodily training and sports activities in terms of broaden physical fitness of sports individuals. Dr. Rajdhar Chaitram Bedse (2017) [14] , prevailing examines makes an attempt to investigate physical fitness variables of football and cricket players and confirmed that athletes have determined extra velocity, explosive power and agility as compared to soccer players. No great difference found in muscular energy.

Material and Methods Selection of Subjects
The purpose of the present study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables among university level cricket and football players of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. For the purpose of the study total 30 subjects male in which 15 subjects from cricket discipline and 15 subjects from football discipline were taken on random basis from Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. The age of the selected subjects were ranged from 20-28 years. Physical fitness test was employed for all the subjects of both the groups in twice and best performance was taken as final score. Subjects also asked for trail if any body required.

Methods
In above Table -1 shows that the 50 yard dash test was used to assess the speed of Individual. The time taken in sec. was counted as a score by the subjects to complete the test. The standing broad jump was used to assess explosive strength of the legs. The distance of the jump is counted as the score. Shuttle run test was used to estimate the agility of the subjects. The time in seconds was taken by the subjects between the start and the finishing of the run was recorded as the score. The sit-ups test was used to assess the muscular strength. The score of the test is the number of correctly executed sit ups performed by the subjects in 60 seconds.

Date Collection
All the players were asked to go for proper warmup & exercise. The test for physical fitness were demonstrated and complete instructions were given to all the players regarding all test. When all the players were ready for the test, the data was recorded by the administering the test.

Statistical Analysis
All of the statistics were calculated. Mean Standard Deviation and Std. Error Mean was computed. To compare the selected Physical Fitness variables among cricket players and football players "t" test was used by using SPSS, V-26. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level.

Results
To accomplish the purpose of study data collected was analysed with statistical technique and results are presented in below tables. The table -2 clearly shows that mean value of speed for cricket players was calculated 7.7860 with S.D. 0.37798 and football players was calculated 7.7067 with S.D. 0.37362 respectively. The obtained t-value on speed is 0.578 which is less than the required table value (2.048) with 28 df and at 0.05 level of confidence. This shows that there is no significance difference exit when speed is considered among athletes & football players.  Respectively. The received t-value on agility is 1.515 which is less than the required table value (2.048) with 28 df and significant at 0.05 level of confidence. This shows that there is no significance difference exit when explosive strength is considered among cricket players and football players. respectively. The t-value on muscular strength is 3.445 which is grater than the required table value (2.048) with 28 df. So there is a significant difference was found on the variable muscular strength between cricket players and football players.

Discussion
Physical fitness variables are very essential in both cricket players and football players for betterment in performance. But it`s requirement is Depending upon the demand of the game and each factor of physical fitness should be optimally developed. In the present study Table 2, 3 & 4 clearly shows that there was no significant difference in the variables of speed, explosive strength & agility between cricket players and football players. In the variable of muscular strength (sit ups) test Significant difference was found among cricket players and football players which is shown in the table 5.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the present study, the following conclusions are enumerated. No superiority was observed among cricket players & football group in 50 yards dash, standing broad jump and shuttle run. football players were found better compared to cricket players in sit up test and May be due to footballers are basically participate endurance type activity. Because of that Footballers are having less adipose tissue in lower abdomen area.