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A fresh look at inland fisheries and their role in food security and livelihoods

In a number of countries around the world, inland fisheries are impor‐ tant for poverty alleviation, food security, gender empowerment, cul‐ tural services, ecosystem function and biodiversity. However, they are underrepresented in national and international policy discussions, despite recent reviews (Lynch et al., 2016, 2017). The low profile of in‐ land water ecosystems (including their fisheries) in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) exemplifies their marginalized status in major policy arenas. SDG14 (Life below water) pertains to oceans, seas and marine resources but not freshwater bodies. SDG15 (Life on Land) emphasizes freshwater ecosystems from the perspective of habitat and species protection, rather than sustaining harvests of fish for food or in‐ come. Whilst healthy aquatic ecosystems support fish populations, em‐ phasizing conservation over human use may unintentionally marginalize dependent fisheries livelihoods. SDG2 (Zero hunger) specifically men‐ tions fishers and covers agricultural diversity, but emphasizes increased agricultural productivity and incomes, rather than sustaining existing aquatic ecosystems. Although SDG Indicator 6.4.2 (water stress) tracks water withdrawals and even environmental flow requirements, it does not currently account for the temporal qualitative and spatial dimensions of flows, which are crucial to the integrity of inland fisheries. Some scholarly discourses also underplay the contributions of in‐ land fisheries. Attempts to account for unreported or underreported Received: 16 May 2019 | Revised: 25 July 2019 | Accepted: 29 July 2019 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12403