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Radio‐Frequency Radiation and Birth Defects: Is There a Risk to Human Health?

This paper reviews studies in the radiofrequency spectrum which includes radiation from cellular telephones and other wireless networks. Modern mobile communications technology uses pulsed digital systems operating at frequencies of 900–1, 800 MHz. Although there are some reports that pulsed exposures may be more likely to produce biological effects than an equivalent energy deposition from continuous wave, there are relatively few data relevant to the frequency or the pulsing conditions used in telecommunications. Most of the literature on teratological studies on animals reports results of continuous wave transmission, 2,450 MHz (microwave oven frequency), at substantial levels of exposure; exceeding internationally prescribed safety levels for radio‐frequency radiation (RFR). Gross developmental anomalies were associated with significant increases above normal in embryonic or fetal temperature. The issue of possible athermal effects has not been properly resolved. Although it is now largely accepted that some biological responses to RFR occur at levels below which thermal mechanisms may be implicated, the absence of relevant directed research programs prevents sensible scientific conclusions on the consistency of data and their relevance to human health. Considering these limitations, there is no convincing independently verified evidence that exposures to RFR from current mobile telecommunications technology presents a serious health risk to human prenatal development.