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New particle formation events observed at the King Sejong Station, Antarctic Peninsula – Part 2: Link with the oceanic biological activities

Abstract. Marine biota is an important source of atmospheric
aerosol particles in the remote marine atmosphere. However, the relationship between new particle formation and marine biota is poorly quantified.
Long-term observations (from 2009 to 2016) of the physical properties of
atmospheric aerosol particles measured at the Antarctic Peninsula (King
Sejong Station; 62.2∘ S, 58.8∘ W) and satellite-derived
estimates of the biological characteristics were analyzed to identify the
link between new particle formation and marine biota. New particle formation
events in the Antarctic atmosphere showed distinct seasonal variations, with the highest values occurring when the air mass originated from the ocean
domain during the productive austral summer (December, January and February).
Interestingly, new particle formation events were more frequent in the air
masses that originated from the Bellingshausen Sea than in those that
originated from the Weddell Sea. The monthly mean number concentration of
nanoparticles (2.5–10 nm in diameter) was >2-fold higher when the air
masses passed over the Bellingshausen Sea than the Weddell Sea, whereas the
biomass of phytoplankton in the Weddell Sea was more than ∼70 %
higher than that of the Bellingshausen Sea during the austral summer
period. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is of marine origin and its oxidative
products are known to be one of the major components in the formation of new
particles. Both satellite-derived estimates of the biological
characteristics (dimethylsulfoniopropionate, DMSP; precursor of DMS) and
phytoplankton taxonomic composition and in situ methanesulfonic acid (84
daily measurements during the summer period in 2013 and 2014) analysis
revealed that DMS(P)-rich phytoplankton were more dominant in the
Bellingshausen Sea than in the Weddell Sea. Furthermore, the number
concentration of nanoparticles was positively correlated with the biomass of
phytoplankton during the period when DMS(P)-rich phytoplankton predominate.
These results indicate that oceanic DMS emissions could play a key role in
the formation of new particles; moreover, the taxonomic composition of
phytoplankton could affect the formation of new particles in the Antarctic
Ocean.
