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Language learning and teaching

This study tests the hypothesis that the ability to speak a second language like a native speaker is related to an individual's sensitivity to cues in interpersonal situations. Twenty-eight students at the University of Michigan formed an experimental group. A test of empathy was given by showing three thirty-second sequences of film of a woman in an interview. The students recorded each change in facial expression which they noticed. In addition a language was taught which was new to all the participants. All the tests were taped and the pronunciation judged by native linguists. Results indicated differences in speaking skills which were related to inde-pendent personality characteristics. An empathy dimension, defined by four variables (tolerance to anxiety, intelligence, involvement in emotional experiences, and perception of emotional expression) was related to correct pronunciation of specific details, while an intuition dimension was related to general authenticity of pronunciation of repeated sentences. Fluency of pronunciation and facility in mimick-ing, both consistent with intuitive skills, aid in the impression of general authenticity. abstract words only partly guessable from the context, (2) compounds whose meaning is only partly revealed by the items compounded, (3) words prefixed by particles which can carry very different meanings, (4) analogous words with similar spellings, (5) words made up of several elements, only one of which is known, (6) idiomatic expressions. Word guessing has to be based on a thorough knowledge of the normal grammatical form and meaning of words in compounds. All exercises designed to increase ability to guess intelligently will be of the passive, receptive kind and will be directed either to grammatical points or to context study. Suitable exercises will involve completion of sentences from a choice of unfamiliar words. Practice can be given with polysemes and with words differing only by their prefix. Exercises can be given involving both listening and reading.