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Monte-Carlo-based multiple-scattering channel modeling for non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications

Although the concept of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communications has been studied for decades, recent advances in the design and manufacturing of light-emitting diodes, filters, and sensors have ignited new interest. In this paper, we discuss a Monte Carlo channel model for NLOS UV communications that accounts for the possibility that a transmitted photon experiences multiple scattering events before being received. By simulating the propagation of many photons based on probabilistic rules derived from physics considerations, a computationally efficient algorithm is obtained that allows for the study of the contribution of various orders of scattering to the received signal and to the system impulse response function. We then demonstrate the use of this channel model in the exploration of several system configurations. In particular, we examine the effect of the transmitter beam shape and receiver sensitivity function on the faithfulness of a well-known linear model of path loss versus distance for short-range NLOS UV systems, and we explore geometry design for interference reduction in a full-duplex link. The use of the model to study such diverse system implementations demonstrates its general applicability.