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[Study of genetic models of maize kernel traits].

Two sets of NCII mating design including 21 different maize inbreds were used to study the genetic models of five maize kernel traits--kernel length, width, ratio of kernel length and width, kernel thickness and weight per 100 kernels. Ten generations including P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, B2 and their reciprocal crosses RF1, RF2, RB1, RB2 were obtained. Three years' data were obtained and analyzed using mainly two methods: (1) precision identification for single cross and (2) mixed liner model MINQUE approach for diallel design. Method 1 showed that kernel traits were primarily controlled by maternal dominance, endosperm additive and dominance effect (maternal dominance > endosperm additive > endosperm dominance). Cytoplasmic effect was detected in one of the two crosses studied. Method 2 revealed that in the total variance of kernel traits, maternal genotypic effect contributed more than 60%, endosperm genotypic effect contributed less than 40%. Cytoplasmic effect only existed in kernel length and 100 kernel weight, with the range of 10% to 30%. The results indicated that kernel genetic performance was quite largely controlled by maternal genotypic effect.