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Nanocrystalline indium tin oxide fabricated via sol-gel combustion for electrochemical luminescence cells.

Nanoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) was synthesized via a sol-gel combustion hybrid method using Ketjenblack as a fuel. The effects of the sol-gel combustion conditions on the structures and morphology of the ITO particles were studied. The size of the nanoporous powder was found to be 20-30 nm in diameter. The layer of the nanoporous ITO electrode (-10 microm thickness) with large surface area (-360 m2/g) was fabricated for an electrochemical luminescence (ECL) cell. At 4 V bias, the ECL efficiency of the cell consisting of the nanoporous ITO layer was approximately 1050 cd/m2, which is significantly higher than the cell using only the FTO electrode (450 cd/m2). The nanoporous ITO layer was effective in increasing the ECL intensities.