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Sustainable agriculture development on tropical peatland

Sarawak is a state in Malaysia that has a land area of 12.4 million hectares. It has approximately 1.7 million ha of peat swamp covering almost 13% of the total land area of the state. In pursuit of the government policy of placing the plantation sector as one of the important export-oriented industries, millions of ringgit has been spent both by the government and private sectors to tap the economic potential of these lands. More than 400,000 ha of these lands have been alienated for agriculture plantation and reforestation. As suggested by Melling (1999b), peat resource is a goldmine for the state. It has great potential to be developed into agriculture plantation. A proper and efficient utilization of these lands for agriculture would contribute significantly towards a longterm economic growth of the state. However, its economic usefulness would be short lived and the state may loose one of its most valuable resources if its utilization is not well managed. The tropical peat of Sarawak, is one of the most fragile wetland system in the world. It is a non-renewable resource because once it is destroyed, it will be gone forever. Peat development is like a time bomb (Melling, 1999b) that must be handled in utmost care. Therefore it is very important that potential risk that comes together with any peat development must be well understood and anticipated by everyone involved. If it is not well managed, it may cost an ecological degradation. Thus it is very important to ensure that any agriculture development on the peat is equitable and ecological sustainable.