{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03172205438066465, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0015105740181268882, 'mean_word_length': 4.867256637168142, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of the Shale Boom on Entrepreneurship in the U.S.

This paper exploits new oil and gas activity generated by recent technological advancements to understand the effect of localized boom and busts on self-employment. We find a positive and contemporaneous impact on self-employment in non-mining sectors, mainly stemming from unincorporated self-employed individuals. The impact is short-lived, i.e. once the boom subsides, the self-employment adjusts closer to pre-boom levels. Point estimates suggest that a large part of the employment adjustment comes from unincorporated self-employed individuals - a group that makes up about 6% of total employment.