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Ballistic Impact Damage and Fragmentation in Different Types of Glass and Glass Ceramic

Different types of glass and glass ceramic, including Supremax®, Pyrex® and N-BK7 optical glass, were impacted in a normal ballistic arrangement with 7.62 mm armor piercing (AP) projectiles and with solid steel cylinders at 830 m/s. The plates were integrated into a target box, which allowed for an almost complete recovery and analysis of the glass fragments. Different types of high-speed cameras were used in order to visualize the different phases of fragment formation and ejection. The glass and glass ceramic fragments were extracted from the target box and separated into size classes by a chain of sieves. The mesh sizes used were 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 200 μm, 100 μm, 63 μm and 25 μm. The total mass of each size fraction was determined. The single crack velocities and damage propagation velocities were determined from the high-speed photographs for all materials