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Saudi Arabia at the Center of the Twentieth Century’s Last Major War

At the end of 1990, Saddam Hussein’s invasion and occupation of Kuwait in August of that year dominated headlines internationally. US President George H. W. Bush, an oilman, saw that by annexing Kuwait, Hussein would control 20 per cent of the global oil reserves almost on a par with Saudi Arabia’s. That would deprive Riyadh of being the swing producer able to cause rise or fall in petroleum prices. Such an eventuality had to be aborted with the backing of the international community, with Saudi Arabia as a crucial part of the project. After convincing King Fahd, on the basis of dodgy evidence, that Hussein was readying to attack his country, Bush got invited by Fahd to send US troops to the Desert Kingdom. It was thus that Saudi Arabia became the center of the century’s last major war. By December 1990, the Pentagon, leading a coalition of twenty-eight nations, thirteen of them Arab or Muslim, assembled the most lethal fighting machine since the Second World War to confront 545,000 Iraqi troops in Kuwait and southern Iraq. The fighting between 16 January and 28 February 1991 ended with the defeat of Iraq and the liberation of Kuwait.