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Nonlinearly Frequency-Adaptive, Self-Powered, Proton-Driven Somatosensor Inspired by Human Mechanoreceptor.

In the human skin, it has been known well that several mechanoreceptors uniquely sense external stimuli with specific frequencies and magnitudes. With regard to sensitivity, the output response shows nonlinearity depending on the fre-quency magnitude of the stimulus. We demonstrates a self-powered proton-driven solid-state somatosensor, which mimics a unique nonlinear response and intensity behavior of human mechanoreceptors. For this, the solid-state sen-sor is fabricated by combining a piezoelectric film and a proton-generation device. The proton injection electrode and Nafion layer conjugated with sulfonated graphene oxide are used for proton generation and transport. Two types of nonlinear signals from the sensor are similar to the Merkel/Ruffini (low deviation of threshold intensity), and the op-posite type, the behavior of Pacinian/Meissner (high deviation of threshold intensity) is simultaneously shown. The region of the most responsive frequency is also discriminated according to proton conduction. Moreover, it is asserted that unique signal patterns is obtained from the stimuli of various frequencies, such as respiration, radial artery pulse, and neck vibration, which naturally occur in the human body.