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Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver mimicking Budd-Chiari syndrome.

A case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver in a 34-year-old man with clinical and radiologic findings suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome is reported. Despite clinical and radiologic findings, percutaneous liver biopsy was suspicious for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The patient underwent liver transplantation 2 months later, and histologic examination confirmed this diagnosis. Unusual histopathologic features included extensive areas of capillary-thin vascular structures with open lumina, lack of significant cytologic atypia in the majority of neoplastic cells, and areas with Budd-Chiari-like features in the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor. The neoplastic cells were focally immunopositive for endothelial markers, such as factor VIII-related antigen and CD34 antigen. The unusual clinical presentation may have been due to tumor invasion and fibrous obliteration of terminal hepatic venules and sublobular veins. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma should be considered when evaluating patients with clinical features of Budd-Chiari syndrome or veno-occlusive disease.