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Social services for the enemy? Education for social work and the Arab sector in Israel

would ’ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or origin’ (State of Israel, 1948). Ideologically, this principle still exists; however, it is not fully practised with regard to the Arab subgroup in Israeli society (Cnaan, 1985, 1987). In reality, the new State of Israel has, since 1948, applied double standards for its Arab minorities. In 1949, Arab property was nationalized or simply taken, and those who stayed within the territorial boundaries of the State of Israel became subject to a military government. Under this rule they were, in fact, second-grade citizens; the special administration limited their mobility out of their villages and prevented them from developing new services or industries (Segev, 1984). With time their economic, educational and social status has somewhat improved, but the gap between them and the Jewish sector was widened (Levin-Epstein and Semyonov, 1985, 1986). The sources of this contradiction between ideology and practice