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Macrophages and multicellular tumor spheroids in co-culture: a three-dimensional model to study tumor-host interactions. Evidence for macrophage-mediated tumor cell proliferation and migration.

In a new co-culture model involving multicellular tumor spheroids and different phenotypes of human macrophages, we studied the effects of the latter on migration and proliferation of the human colon carcinoma cell line, HRT-18. The macrophage phenotypes are detectable with monoclonal antibodies and are inducible in culture. 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-activated macrophages are associated with the phenotype 27E10, which is an acute inflammatory macrophage. The glucocorticoid-induced macrophage phenotype RM3/1 is associated with the down-regulation of inflammation. The phenotype resembling the mature resident macrophage termed 25F9 arises spontaneously in prolonged culture. It could be shown that inflammatory macrophages are localized at invasive areas of the tumor-host interface of colorectal carcinoma, whereas resident and anti-inflammatory macrophages were found in the central tumor region or at well-bordered areas of the tumor-host interface. The results obtained with this co-culture model show that 27E10-associated macrophages stimulate tumor cell migration and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. RM3/1 had only a slight inhibiting effect on proliferation and a slight promoting effect on migration. The 25F9-positive macrophage-stimulated tumor cell proliferation and inhibited migration completely. This investigation indicates that this in vitro system is useful for studying different macrophage effects on tumor cells and that indeed proliferation and migration of tumor cells could be influenced in an opposite manner by different types of macrophages.