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Is Habit ‘The Fossilised Residue of a Spiritual Activity’? Ravaisson, Bergson, Merleau-Ponty

In 1900 fauteuil or seat number two in the philosophy section of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques became vacant upon the death of Félix Ravaisson. The philosopher elected to replace him was Henri Bergson, and in 1904 he observed tradition by delivering a discourse on his predecessor’s life and work. Within an extensive and elegant survey, Bergson devotes, perhaps surprisingly, only one paragraph to De l’habitude, Ravaisson’s doctoral thesis of 1838 that is often considered to be his most important work. The paragraph concludes thus: