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Writing Assessment in Admission to Higher Education: Review and Framework. College Board Report No. 99-3. GRE Board Research Report No. 96-12R.

A comprehensive review was conducted of writing research literature and writing test program activities in a number of testing programs. The review was limited to writing assessments used for admission in higher education. Programs reviewed included ACT, Inc.'s ACT™ program, the California State Universities and Colleges (CSUC) testing program, the College Board's SAT® program, the Graduate Management Admissions Test® (GMAT®) program, the Graduate Record Examinations® (GRE®) test program, the Law School Admission Test® (LSAT®) program, the Medical College Admission Test® (MCAT®) program, and the Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) testing program. Particular attention was given in the review to writing constructs, fairness and group differences, test reliability, and predictive validity. A number of recommendations are made for research on writing assessment.