{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.020702936928261917, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.335365853658536, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
HIGH-PERFORMANCE INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS : A KEY COMPONENT IN FUTURE SYSTEMS

Research in academia usually focuses on rather narrow topics. In the case of computer architecture, such isolated research areas are processor microarchitecture, memory hierarchy, cache coherence protocols, and interconnection networks, for example. As a consequence of focusing on a particular research area, even when radically new solutions are proposed (e.g. a cost-effective fully adaptive routing algorithm), those solutions only improve the subset of the system targeted by that particular research and therefore do not eliminate the inefficiencies that are a direct consequence of the system architecture. Therefore, those solutions may not be globally optimal. For instance, too many resources or power budget are sometimes devoted to improve a component that is not the system bottleneck. In order to avoid these kind of limitations a global system view is required even when addressing problems in a particular subsystem. When looking at computer systems from a global perspective, researchers start (or should start) by looking at application requirements. However, there is a fundamental flaw in this approach: existing applications were designed for existing computer systems. Additionally, because new computer systems are designed to run existing benchmarks faster, we enter a process that goes round and round in circles where, in the global optimization phase, we loose the opportunity to replace the existing programming model and style. We may even end up proposing techniques to recover parallelism that has been lost due to previous optimizations. In this paper we show that the ingredients to build high-performance architectures at low cost are ready but, unfortunately, what technology likely requires to become mature is a shift in the way high-end systems are envisioned. A global perspective that considers current market trends as well as current technology is needed. We also show that high-performance interconnection networks are crucial when this shift takes place.