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Investigation of the capsize of a tank motor ship by means of an inland ship handling simulator

In January 2011, a tank motor ship (TMS Waldhof) capsized on the river Rhine in Germany near 553.75 km, at a place called Betteck, close to the famous Loreley rock. On account of the gravity of this accident, an interdisciplinary group of experts was convened by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development to investigate this major accident and its causes. For the investigation, the inland ship handling simulator was used to simulate the incidents immediately preceding the average and capsizing of the TMS Waldhof. The necessary steps to prepare the simulator were to create the exercise area, to implement the computation results of the hydraulic discharge models and to build up an identical virtual ship model of the TMS Waldhof. During the nautical investigations with the inland ship handling simulator, it was not sufficient to merely capsize the TMS. Further investigations were carried out to consider the effects of the three-dimensional current field on the ship as well as the dynamic behaviour of the liquid cargo in the partially filled tanks. Finally, by the heeling moments from the three-dimensional dynamic investigations in combination with the moments ascertained in the inland ship handling simulator, the causes of the capsizing of the TMS Waldhof could be identified. The proposals and recommendations by the expert group will help to avoid such major accidents with severe consequences in future.