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RECEPTION OF THE FOREIGNNESS – MIGRANT LITERATURE AS CULTURAL
TRANSFER

The article reviews the distinction between emigrant, immigrant and migrant literature from the perspective
of the contemporary Bulgarian literary criticism. The body of emigrant literature is regarded as comprising the works of nineteenthcentury Bulgarian authors (Rakovski, Karavelov, Vazov) who wrote in Bulgarian and intended their works for the Bulgarian
readership. The works from the first half of the twentieth century, written in Bulgarian by Bulgarian authors living mostly in
Germany and France, are perceived as part of the Bulgarian literature from this period on the grounds of their engaging with themes
recognized as characteristically Bulgarian (Elisaveta Bagryana, Pencho Slaveykov, Kiril Hristov, Svetoslav Minkov etc.). The
Bulgarian intellectuals who moved to Western Europe in three immigrant waves after 1944, however, wrote in the language of the
country in which they settled. This is the reason why Bulgarian literary criticism did not acknowledge their works as part of
Bulgarian literature.
The authors this article deals with – Ilija Trojanov, Dimitre Dinev and Tzveta Sofronieva – do not deny their Bulgarian
origins. They have chosen to write in German in order to be understood by readers in their new country. The German-speaking
readership regards them as mediators between Bulgarian history, traditions and culture and the German, respectively Austrian,
society precisely because they have rendered Bulgarians and the Bulgarian past in a language that is easy to understand. The interest
in Bulgarian authors writing in languages other than Bulgarian in Western Europe peaked in the years immediately preceding and
following Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union as the Western European citizens wanted to find out more about the new
country in the Union. With their established reputation as eminent artists, these authors continue to cast a bridge between the two
cultures. Their works keep being translated into many different languages and have won prestigious international awards.