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Chaotic Adaptive Butterfly Mating Optimization and Its Applications in Synthesis and Structure Optimization of Antenna Arrays

A novel chaotic adaptive butterfly mating optimization (CABMO) is proposed to be used in synthesizing the beam pattern. In order to improve the optimization accuracy and avoid trapping in the local optimum, the homogeneous chaotic system and adaptive movement mechanism are combined into the proposed algorithm, where the initialization and redistribution of butterflies are chaotically dispersed with an adaptive movement closely related to the ultraviolet changes. After validating the performance of CABMO through several benchmark functions with different dimensions, the improved algorithm outperforms when compared to other state-of-the-art nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. The proposed algorithm is then used to understand any linear array problems in terms of the sidelobe reduction. Finally, a CABMO strategy is utilized to optimize the mutual coupling model of the closely spaced VLF umbrella arrays. Results show that the optimized structure has comfortably outperformed the original structure. Full scanning of wave positions is realized from 15 to 30 kHz. The synthesis patterns are close to the theoretical optimum. The optimized results of the radiation performance and synthesized patterns demonstrate that the pattern synthesis and antenna structure optimization based on the CABMO algorithm provides a novel idea for antenna array optimization.