{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024369747899159664, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.691011235955056, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
PMSM Speed Control Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient under Load Disturbance

Proportional integral-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithms are applied to a permanent-magnet synchronous motor to track speed control. The proposed methods, based on notebooks, can deal with time delay challenges, imprecise mathematical models, and unknown disturbance loads. First, a system identification method is used to obtain an approximate model of the motor. The load and speed estimation equations can be determined using the model. By adding the estimation equations, the PSO algorithm can determine the sub-optimized parameters of the proportional-integral controller using the predicted speed response; however, the computational time and consistency challenges of the PSO algorithm are extremely dependent on the number of particles and iterations. Hence, an online-learning method, DDPG, combined with the PSO algorithm is proposed to improve the speed control performance. Finally, the proposed methods are implemented on a real platform, and the experimental results are presented and discussed.