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Evidence supporting the use of melatonin in short gestation infants

Abstract:  Pineal melatonin regulates circadian rhythms and influences sleep. Melatonin also has protective actions against tissue damage from free‐radicals and other toxins. Evidence is presented that this indoleamine is involved in pre‐ and postnatal brain (and ocular) development and intrauterine growth. In the absence of maternal melatonin, short gestation infants have a prolonged period of melatonin deficiency. Melatonin supplementation, which has a benign safety profile, may help reduce complications in the neonatal period that are associated with short gestation. We believe that this treatment might result in a wide range of health benefits, improved quality of life and reduced healthcare costs.