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Fresnel-Zones-Patterned Nanoparticles as Fluorophore for Tracking of Message Carriers in Touchable Molecular Communication

This paper proposes a new approach of implementing Fresnel-zone-patterned nanoparticles (FZPN) as the fluorophore to enhance the fluorescence intensity, which is expected to increase the penetration depth of video-rate laser scanning microscopy (VLSM). Each nanoparticle consisting of a silica core with a radius of 60nm and a gold shell with a radius of 70nm has a maximum scattering efficiency at the wavelength of 892nm. These nanoparticles are arranged according to a Fresnel-zone plate with a diameter of 90μm and the FZPN can be further conjugated with nanoscale entities for in vivo applications. A coherent plane lightwave impinges on the FZPN; the backscatter waves interfere and form a small and bright spot near the prime focal plane of the FZPN. The simulation results indicate that the bright spot has a diameter of 6.3μm and the fluorescent strength of the FZPN is dozens of thousands times that of a single nanoparticle. Such techniques can be potentially utilized for tracking the FZPN-labelled nanobots, which are remotely controllable and trackable message carriers under the framework of touchable molecular communication.