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13 Modes of Structural Incorporation and Present Theories of Labor Immigration 1

The sociological analysis of immigration in the United States has traditionally focused on the coping mechanisms utilized by immigrants and their processes of assimilation to a new cultural setting. This tradition of research includes some distinguished contributions such as Thomas and Znaniecki's (1918) study of the Polish peasant in Europe and America; Handlin's (1951) vivid accounts of the history of Irish immigrants to the U.S. Northeast; and Warner and Srole's (1945) analysis of the determinants of assimilation to the American mainstream by different immigrant groups. Concepts such as accommodation, acculturation, and adaptation-prominent in sociological literature-were coined in the context of immigrant studies and interethnic relations (Gordon, 1964; Lieberson, 1961). Despite this highly visible history, an exclusive