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Star Formation in the Infrared Space Observatory Atlas of Bright Spiral Galaxies

We investigate star formation along the Hubble sequence using the Infrared Space Observatory Atlas of Bright Spiral Galaxies. Using mid-infrared and far-infrared flux densities normalized by K-band flux densities as indicators of recent star formation, we find several trends. First, star formation activity is stronger in late-type (Sc–Scd) spirals than in early-type (Sa–Sab) spirals. This trend is seen both in nuclear and disk activity. These results confirm several previous optical studies of star formation along the Hubble sequence but conflict with the conclusions of most of the previous studies using IRAS data, and we discuss why this might be so. Second, star formation is significantly more extended in later type spirals than in early-type spirals. We suggest that these trends in star formation are a result of differences in the gas content and its distribution along the Hubble sequence, and it is these differences that promote star formation in late-type spiral galaxies. We also search for trends in nuclear star formation related to the presence of a bar or nuclear activity. The nuclear star formation activity is not significantly different between barred and unbarred galaxies. We do find that star formation activity appears to be inhibited in low ionization nuclear emission regions and transition objects compared with H II galaxies. The mean star formation rate in the sample is 1.4 M⊙ yr-1, based on global far-infrared fluxes. Combining these data with CO data gives a mean gas consumption time of 6.4 × 108 yr, which is ∼5 times lower than the values found in other studies. Finally, we find excellent support for the Schmidt law in the correlation between molecular gas masses and recent star formation in this sample of spiral galaxies.