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The Administration of Justice

Japan has a three-tiered court system which is staffed with ‘career judges’ who join the court after completing their training and mostly stay there until retirement. The government launched the ‘justice system reform’ in the mid-1990s. This included the introduction of the law school system of US type and the lay assessor system in criminal procedure. Whether law school system was a success or not is being debated. The positive result of the reform is that the length of civil and criminal procedure has become shorter. This is particularly evident in disputes involving intellectual property. Specialised courts of the second instance on intellectual property was set up and is functioning well.