{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.011164274322169059, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.752688172043011, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Collective processes in technological ion beams

A brief review is given of collective processes in technological positive ion beams, and their influence on the beam transportation features. General approaches to a problem of stability of stationary and pulsed beams with respect to excitation of ion and electron oscillations are discussed. Spectra and increments of the oscillations are calculated. Nonlinear mechanisms limiting the oscillations amplitude growth are established. Reverse action of oscillations on the beam transportation features are studied. The techniques of stabilization beam instabilities are suggested.