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Identifying Children with and without Handwriting Difficulties Using The Print Tool

Our objective was the utility of The Print Tool to discriminate between children with and without handwriting difficulties (HWD). We used known-groups comparison of 38 first, second, and third grade children with and without HWD. Children identified with HWD performed significantly poorer than children without HWD at each grade level. Components of placement and size were significantly different across grade and group. The Print Tool showed higher sensitivity than specificity with more discriminatory utility in first and second graders. The Print Tool can be used in conjunction with other instruments to identify HWD in young children. As specificity was low, it may be best to use the tool to evaluate children with existing HWD to further guide remediation. Placement and size components of the tool discriminated most consistently between children with and without HWD.