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The effects of sodium‐calcium exchange inhibitors on protein loss associated with the calcium paradox of the isolated Langendorff perfused guinea‐pig heart

The damage done to Langendorff perfused guinea‐pig hearts by initiation of a calcium paradox, as assessed by the loss of myoglobin, is significantly reduced if inhibitors of Na(+)−Ca2+ exchange (Mn2+, Ni2+, bepridil and dodecylamine) are present when Ca2+ is repleted. This protection is not, to any major extent, due to secondary effects of these agents on the L‐type Ca2+ channels, because more specific inhibitors of the Ca2+ channels are much less effective. These results suggest that the principal route for Ca2+ entry during the calcium paradox is Na(+)−Ca2+ exchange.