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Equivalent Circuit Models for Closed-loop Multiphysics Drive Systems

Power electronics drives are complex systems with coupled dynamical phenomena across electrical, control, and mechanical domains. This mix of heterogeneous subsystems obscures straightforward analysis, intuition, and design from an integrated system perspective. In this paper, we first show that each of these subsystems can be converted into an equivalent circuit. Leveraging the universality of energy, we stitch together a unified model where the closed-loop drive system is drawn as a single equivalent circuit. Focusing on permanent magnet synchronous machines with rotor saliency, drive control action is depicted as an RLC circuit, torques from d and q axis stator currents appear as current flows, electromechanical energy conversion is portrayed using an ideal transformer, inertia mimics capacitive storage, and the drivetrain also appears as a circuit. A simulation is provided where an end-to-end closed-loop electric vehicle system is modeled entirely as a circuit.