{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03296703296703297, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005494505494505495, 'mean_word_length': 5.475555555555555, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Plasma treatment of detonation and HPHT nanodiamonds in diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in H2/N2 flow

Due to extraordinary properties and biocompatibility, diamond nanoparticles – nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered for various biomedical applications. Amongst other functional groups which may be grafted on the NDs surface, the amines (NHx) are highly demanded linkers for biomolecules and dyes. In this regard, a non‐destructive, non‐hazardous and low‐cost method of NDs amination would further accelerate their industrial applications in biomedicine and life science. Here we present a study on NDs treatment using diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in the gas mixture H2:N2 = 1:1 at the atmospheric pressure. Detonation and high pressure–high temperature nanoparticles (D‐NDs and HPHT‐NDs) were used either as‐received or air‐annealed. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of N–H stretching vibrations for all kinds of NDs after the treatment. It was revealed by XPS and FTIR measurements that both kinds of D‐NDs (as‐received and air‐annealed) exhibited higher content of −NH2 functions in the detected nitrogen groups than HPHT‐NDs. The treatment of as‐received D‐NDs led to the conversion of −COOH groups to amides. A large increase of C–H bonds after the discharge treatment was found, especially for the annealed NDs forms. Raman spectroscopy revealed a decrease of sp2 carbon after the treatment of the as‐received HPHT‐NDs.