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Understanding the safety-relevance of visual cue perception at a Surface Manager HMI

Current procedures in Air Traffic Management are characterized by activities of all involved operators to obtain information required for the decision making. In particular, pilots and ATCOs decisions depend on reliable information, which, in case of failed information perception, have the highest degrees of severity. Besides voice communication, activities to perceive visual information are regarded as most critical to the provision of a reliable and authentic picture of the air traffic. Focusing on the migration from today’s concept of operations to higher levels of automation e.g. through the use of virtual control tower and A-SMGCS applications, the activities of operators visual information perception differ from proven patterns. Accordingly, the systematic identification of visual cues for safe decisions is needed for evaluation purposes of safety critical Air Navigation Systems. The availability of knowledge on required visual information is considered as pivotal to assess novel strategies and philosophies of HMI design as well as to conclude on the compliance on the Accepted Level of Safety. This paper follows a novel approach to analyze risks of design-related visual cue perception by the use of Human-In-The-Loop Simulations. It hence offers a predictive empirical approach to risk analysis for system evaluation in the system design phase. This proof-ofconcept study evaluates the proposed approach at the example of a novel A-SMGCS Surface Manager HMI and the probability of runway incursion. A conclusion on the most risk-inducing visual cues could be exemplarily obtained by the use of open and closedend questionnaires and novices acting as test persons. The contribution of eye tracking data analysis is also tackled. Keywords-safety assessment; risk assessment; hazard identification; visual cue perception; air traffic control; aerodrome control services.