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Modeling of highway access weight: Effects on speed and lateral variation

Highway access points are places where motor vehicles turn off the roadway onto arterial roads. Numerous conflict points exist at highway access points as a result of access and through traffic. Higher speeds and lateral offset variation cause greater risk of potential crashes. This research aimed to formulate a new method of access weight calculation that would show the speed and lateral offset variation characteristics of various access types under the same traffic conditions. Seven access types commonly found on highways in China were considered and analyzed for their safety performance. Data for a vehicle’s lateral offset, speed, acceleration, and deceleration rate were collected by means of a driving simulation method. Both field tests and simulation tests were compared to validate the accuracy of the simulation results from the viewpoint of vehicle speed and trajectory. Finally, access density, derived from the proposed access weighting model, was analyzed and correlated with crash rates on National Highway G205 (South Nanjing section). Spearman correlation results showed that the access rated crash rates have a high correlation. The proposed access weight calculation method shows promise for its application in safety evaluation, access design, and reconstruction.