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The Data Protection Impact Assessment as a Tool to Enforce Non-Discriminatory AI

This paper argues that the novel tools under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) may provide an effective legally binding mechanism for enforcing non-discriminatory AI systems. Building on relevant guidelines, the generic literature on impact assessments and algorithmic fairness, this paper aims to propose a specialized methodological framework for carrying out a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) to enable controllers to assess and prevent ex ante the risk to the right to non-discrimination as one of the key fundamental rights that GDPR aims to safeguard.