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Dimensional Changes of Record Base for Complete Denture 1217 – 1812

Aims: The aims of this study are to compare the dimensional changes of record base from heat and cold cured acrylic resin, with the latter cured by two techniques, and to study the regions vulnerable to dimensional changes. Materials and Methods: The adaptation of the record base on edentulous maxillary casts were tested by sectioning the record base–stone casts sets transversely and measuring the gaps with travelling microscope. The gaps represent the crest of the ridge, midline, and the deepest points of buccal sulcus. Results: Record base made from cold cured acrylic resin showed significantly higher dimensional changes than that from heat curd acrylic resin. There were no significant difference between the bench–curd and thermopress curing for cold cured acrylic resin. No significant differences found between the ridge crest and midline , but both show significantly less dimensional changes than the buccal vestibules. Conclusions: Curing cold cured acrylic resin by thermopress machine would not improve dimensional stability. And to improve the dimensional stability, the denture base that is made from heat cured acrylic resin may be used as a record base.


INTRODUCTION
One of the most important steps in the process of complete denture construction is taking vertical dimension of occlusion and centric relation. This step is basically depends on properly fabricated record base, a stable record base allows for efficient and accurate bite registration and recording vertical dimension of occlusion. Intimate adaptation of record base to the cast and dimensional stability of the record base after fabrication are important to ensure intraoral retention and stability of record base. This in turn will affect the accuracy of jaw relation record and the success of complete denture therapy (1,2) .
Historically, record base were fabricated from cold cured acrylic resin, despite the fact that the heat cure resin has superior biological, physical, and mechanical properties, cold cured acrylic resin are still in use (3,4) .
Acrylic resin complete dentures un-dergo dimensional changes during polymerization (5) . Denture base dimensional changes were found with commercial heat cured acrylic resin (6) . The pressure of the final closure may be released when the flask is removed from the mechanical press and placed in the spring clamp. This release in pressure may result in dimensional changes that distort the denture base (7) . The dimensional changes in denture bases were influenced by the material and the procedure (8) . Discrepancies in the adaptation on the cast at the posterior border of the maxillary record base have been reported by several investigators and have been attributed to the linear dimensional change and volumetric shrinkage (9) . The themopressing curing technique of the cold cured acrylic resin will improve the tensile and transverse strength and reduce the monomer contents of the resin (10) . The purposes of this study are to evaluate the thermopressing curing tech-Dimensional Changes of Record Base for Complete Denture nique on the dimensional stability of the record base made from cold cured acrylic resin compare to the bench curing technique, and to estimate the dimensional stability of the heat cure and the cold cured acrylic resin, and finally to measure the adaptation of the record base on three points on the maxillary cast. These points represent the crest of ridge, midline, and the deepest points of the buccal sulcus .

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen casts were poured in dental stone into edentulous molds. Stone material was mixed according to the manufacturer recommendations. Casts were removed from the molds after setting and allowed to dry, then covered with thin coat of cold mold seal and allowed to dry again. The materials and techniques that were used for the construction of record base are: 1. Heat cured acrylic resin (Major Prodotii Dentari S.P.A.,Italy) cured by water bath: The acrylic resin was cured by water bath 70°C for 30 minutes, then proceed at 100°C for 30 minutes (according to the manufacturer instruction) in thermostatically controlled water bath. 2. Cold cured acrylic resin (Major Prodotii Dentari S.P.A.,Italy) bench cured: The record base was bench cured after the resin sheet was placed in mold former to ensure uniform thickness, then adapted on the cast and the borders were trimmed.
3. Cold cured acrylic resin (Major Prodotii Dentari S.P.A.,Italy) cured by using thermopress machine (MINI 2000, FMD601CP001, Major Prodotii Dentari S.P.A.,Italy): A universal thermopress is a curing device for the polymerization of cold cure acrylic resin, temporary or permanent bridges and crowns in acrylic or composite material. The required cycle of time is (1-30) minutes, temperature (40-120) 0 C and pressure (1-6) bar (10) . The record base-stone cast sets were transversally sectioned into three sections, corresponding to the distal of canines, mesial of first molars, and posterior palatal zone (11) . The gap between the resin base and stone cast was measured at five points in the right and left ridge crests, at the midline, and at the deepest points of right and left buccal sulcus using travelling microscope (Zeiss/ Germany). The data were submitted to ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test at a significant level of P<0.05.

RESULTS
The means of the dimensional change values of the maxillary record base made of heat cured acrylic resin and cold cured acrylic resin (which cured by the two methods: bench cure and thermopress) at three different points (which are the crest of ridge, midline, and the deepest points of buccal vestibule) are shown in Table (1   Df: degree of freedom ANOVA for the tested materials and techniques indicates significant different between the variables (P=0.022)( Table 3). Duncan multiple range tests (Figure 1) indicate that there was a significant difference between the heat cured and the cold cured acrylic resin, which express higher dimensional change values, but there was no significant difference between the bench cured-cold cured acrylic resin and the cold cured acrylic resin cured by thermopress  ANOVA for the amount of dimensional change at the three tested areas showed that there was a significant difference between the measured points (P=0.000) ( Table 4). The deepest points of buccal vestibule express significantly the highest values of the dimensional change among the measured areas, and there was no significant difference between the crest of ridge and the midline ( Figure 2).

DISCUSSION
This study of the dimensional change of the record base in relation to the maxillary cast shows that the cold cured acrylic resin undergoes significantly higher dimensional change value than the heat cured acrylic resin. The results agree with Consani et al., (12) who found that there was a statically significant difference between the packing methods, and agree with Machado et al., (13) who found that heat-treated specimens showed significant improvement of the long term dimensional stability. The heat cured acrylic resins shows lower dimensional change values compared to the cold cured acrylic resin. This may be due to the higher residual monomer content and the higher porosity level of the cold cured acrylic resin which lead to greater water absorption that causes greater dimensional instability (14) .
Although the bench cure technique shows lower dimensional change values than thermopress. The difference between the two tested curing techniques for the cold cured acrylic resin was insignificant. The results agree with Elahi and Abdullah (15) who found that there were no significant difference in dimensional change between bench curing and curing under air pressure and curing under warm water and air pressure, And disagree the results obtained by Craige (16) who stated that the cold cured acrylic resin processed in 45°C water vapor under 20psi pressure show minimum distortion. However, according to Elahi and abdulla (15) denture base cured in this manner are dimensionally less stable than those cured at normal atmospheric pressure.
The greater amount of discrepancy was found to be at the deepest point of buccal vestibule. This is may be due to the excess heat generation during finishing, which is more noticeable at the borders, and distort the denture by releasing residual stress. El sheikh Hand Abdel Hakim (17) concluded that gap widths differed at different areas of the same base and gap width was not related to base thickness at any point, Elahi and Abdulla (15) found that the greater dimensional change was obtained at the mid palatal area compared to the crest of the ridge , but the deepest point