{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.029213483146067417, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0022471910112359553, 'mean_word_length': 5.456521739130435, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Ephedra: SPARQL Federation over RDF Data and Services

Knowledge graph management use cases often require addressing hybrid information needs that involve a multitude of data sources, a multitude of data modalities (e.g., structured, keyword, geospatial search), and availability of computation services (e.g., machine learning and graph analytics algorithms). Although SPARQL queries provide a convenient way of expressing data requests over RDF knowledge graphs, the level of support for hybrid information needs is limited: existing query engines usually focus on retrieving RDF data and only support a set of hard-coded built-in services accessible via SPARQL 1.1 queries. To deal with this problem, we present Ephedra: a SPARQL federation engine aimed at processing hybrid queries, which provides a flexible declarative mechanism for including hybrid services into a SPARQL federation.