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Anchoring Carboxyl Functionalized Gold-Aryl Nanoparticles to Graphene Oxide Platforms for Environmental Nanoremediation

Graphene oxide (GO) was decorated
with gold-aryl (Au-C) nanoparticles AuNPs-COOH by sodium borohydride reduction of
aryldiazonium tetrachloroaurate(III) salt at room temperature in aqueous
solutions. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) measurements supported the anchoring of GO by AuNPs modified with
carboxyl functional groups; surface area dropped significantly. Morphology of
AuNPs-COOH/GO nanocomposite (NC) was probed using AFM and TEM and images showed
surface roughness and wrinkling. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations endowed
support of favorable wrinkling at the edges and carboxyl intercalation to GO
surface of types p-p, hydrogen bonding, and
hydrophobic interactions. Solvent accessible surface area calculations (SASA) of
GO showed a decrease in total surface area, in agreement with BET results. Environmental
nanoremediation of the catalytic reduction of nitrophenol and the electrocatalytic
reduction of CO2 (model pollutants) were investigated. The apparent rate constants
Kapp of the four catalytic reduction cycles of nitrophenol were measured. The highest value is 1.17 × 10-1 min-1 for
the first cycle which decreased to 4.49 × 10-2 min-1 for
the fourth cycle. Electrocatalytic
studies revealed that the NC enhanced the CO2 reduction. The NC
exhibited higher current densities in the CO2 solution saturated (48
mA/cm2) compared to N2 (37 mA/cm2), indicating
its superior catalytic activity in CO2
reduction.