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High-Field Hysteresis Suggesting the Coexistence of Antiferromagnetism and Ferromagnetism in Fe–Ni Invar Alloys at Low Temperatures

In order to study the magnetic state of Fe–Ni Invar alloys at low temperatures in detail, magnetization measurements have been carried out on Fe–Ni alloys with the compositions from 34.2 to 45.0 at% Ni. A high-field hysteresis suggesting the coexistence of antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism has been observed. The Neel temperature, T N , below which the antiferromagnetic phase is superposed on the ferromagnetic matrix, has been obtained as a function of Ni concentration. The high-field susceptibility has been determined to be independent of the crystallographic direction. A temperature hysteresis of magnetization under a fixed magnetic field has also been observed. These characteristic features are understandable by the idea that clusters of the antiferromagnetic phase are formed randomly in the ferromagnetic matrix.