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Determining the type locality and collector of Nylander’s South African lichens

Background: In 1868, Nylander described 15 new lichen taxa from collections made near Durban, South Africa. The locality was not specified and the collector was identified only as ‘Miss Armstrong’.Objectives: To identify the collector and type locality of Nylander’s species.Method: Scientific literature, maps, letters, notebooks and genealogical sources were consulted to reconstruct the provenance of the specimens.Results: ‘Miss Armstrong’ was likely Olivia Armstrong; she collected in the Karkloof area of the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands.Conclusion: This investigation facilitates future work to determine whether the species described and reported by Nylander are still extant in the same locality.