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Optimization of microwatt on-chip charge pump for single-chip solar energy harvesting

In this paper, a compact single-chip solar cell with charge pump for microwatt solar energy harvesting is analyzed. Improved solar energy harvesting efficiency is achieved by utilizing lateral photodiodes. To optimize the charge pump (CP) efficiency in the microwatt level, the switch off-resistance (Roff) and the capacitive switching loss (PC) are analyzed. The optimal flying capacitor size (Cfly) to achieve maximum power transfer is also calculated.