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Design and application of a directional patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth for an aircraft altitude measuring system

In this paper, a back-to-back U-shaped directional patch antenna is proposed with both enhanced bandwidth (BW) and high gain. The proposed antenna is aimed to improve the bandwidth and guarantee the high gain and directivity, simultaneously. A step by step analysis is introduced into the antenna design. By the adding of patches, the current path on the main radiating element is extended. Better impendence bandwidth and demanding directivity are achieved simultaneously. The obtained impedance bandwidth (|S11|<-10 dB) across the operating band can reach 300 MHz (4.14 to 4.44 GHz) for the C band with a peak gain of 11 dB. The proposed design has a directional radiation pattern and scan angle is not greater than 60 degrees, precisely demanded for aircraft height measuring application.