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The Effect of Parachlorophenylalanine on the Sleep of a Methadone Addict

The effects of parachlorophenylalanine, a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, on the sleep of a subject receiving methadone was studied.

Gradually increasing doses of PCPA from 250 mg./24 hour to 2,500 mg./24 hour had no discernible effect on actual sleep time or on the amount of REM sleep contrary to previous reports. On the other hand, all REM-associated events were affected. There was a decreased time to REM onset, a decrease in the sleep cycle, a decrease in phasic REM (per cent REM epochs with eye movements), and a decrease in extraocular spike activity during REM sleep (but not during NREM sleep). There was also a significant increase in delta wave sleep which coincides with urinary 5HIAA values. This leads us to speculate that there may be a critical level of serotonin (perhaps relative to other brain amines) for optimal sleep and that levels of serotonin above or below this result in a decrease in delta sleep.