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Ethanol is a Significant Cofactor in HAART Induced Hepatotoxicity

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly increased life expectancy of HIV patients; however, there are major side effects which include lipodystrophy and hepatotoxicity. Alcohol abuse is highly prevalent in HIV patients and can be a significant negative cofactor in HAART‐hepatotoxicity. Hence, the mechanisms underlying HAART and alcohol induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. Specifically, effects of HAART drugs (azidothymidine, and Indinavir sulphate) in combination with alcohol were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Individually, alcohol and AZT caused cytotoxicity in H4IIEC3 (a rat hepatoma) cells which was significantly increased in combination. These data indicate that alcohol can induce and further enhance HAART‐cytotoxicity.