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Interspecies Recombination Contributes Minimally to Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Analysis of 71 ciprofloxacin-resistant (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml)Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates revealed only 1 for which the quinolone resistance-determining regions of theparC, parE, and gyrB genes were genetically related to those of viridans group streptococci. Our findings support the occurrence of interspecies recombination of type II topoisomerase genes; however, its contribution to the emergence of quinolone resistance among pneumococci appears to have been minimal.