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Coronary plaque quantification and composition in asymptomatic patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the extent and morphology of coronary lesions in asymptomatic patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methods We enrolled 102 asymptomatic patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 97 patients without diabetes as controls. All individuals had no history of ischemic heart disease. They underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Plaque density and plaque volume were calculated using specific software on axial images. Arterial remodeling was evaluated with semiquantitative assessment on image reconstructions. Results MDCT angiography revealed the presence of 124 coronary plaques in 46 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 59 plaques in 21 controls (P < 0.01). Diabetic patients had a significantly higher proportion of lesions with impaired adaptive remodeling (56.5 versus 35.6%, P < 0.01), as compared with nondiabetic individuals. The volume of fibrofatty component was 0.1 cm3 (0.01–0.72) in diabetic patients and 0.08 cm3 (0.01–0.33) in controls (P = 0.14). The calcium volume was 0.082 cm3 (0–0.558) in diabetic patients and 0.12 cm3 (0–0.669) in controls (P = 0.21). Plaques with fibrofatty components had a significantly higher density in the diabetic cohort (58.76 ± 9.55 Hounsfield Units), as compared with the control group (47.31 ± 5.42 Hounsfield Units, P < 0.001). Plaque density correlated with the duration of type II diabetes mellitus (r = 0.37, P = 0.044), but was independent of age, sex, hypertension and metabolic profile. In the control group, plaque density was independent of any covariate. Conclusion Coronary plaques in type II diabetes mellitus show a tendency to develop impaired adaptive remodeling and to have a higher tissue density.