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The 2019 Energy Security Doctrine and Debates around It in Russia

On 13 May 2019, the President of Russia approved a new energy security doctrine (ESD). This is the first such doctrine that Moscow has published (the previous two were either released as drafts or only summarised by their authors and by the Ministry of Energy). The publication of the doctrine is the result of dramatic changes in the international arena, which Russian neo-revisionist politics have provoked since 2014. To quote the secretary of Russia’s Security Council Nikolay Patruchev, ‘serious changes have occurred both in the world and in our country, new challenges and threats have emerged, and we could not but react to them’.1 These changes increased the West’s concern about dependence on Russian hydrocarbons and led to sanctions against Russia that included restrictions on the supply of technologies for oil exploration and access to long-term finance, which in turn have affected long-term prospects for the development of Russian oil.