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A Load-adaptive CSMA/CA MAC Protocol for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) including autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and/or unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have wide ocean applications. For a single-hop mobile UWASN with mobile nodes touring around the area of static sensor nodes and gathering data generated by these nodes, we propose a load-adaptive carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) media access control (MAC) protocol which is abbreviated to LACC-M. In the proposed MAC protocol, two transmission modes are designed to meet different requirements of network load. Moreover, a broadcast packet used in the proposed protocol is specially designed to allow mobile nodes to join the network and change the transmission mode according to the network load. Simulation results show that the proposed LACC-M protocol outperforms other two contention-based protocols, SFAMA and UWALOHA, in specific application scenarios, in terms of high throughput, low end-to-end packet delay, high successful data delivery rate and low energy consumption.