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An up-scaling temperature compensation framework for guided wave–based structural health monitoring in large composite structures

Variations in environmental conditions can significantly impair the accuracy and reliability of guided wave structural health monitoring systems. Acquisition of baseline signals over a wide temperature range for the purposes of damage detection and localization is impractical for large composite structures. A novel framework for compensating the effect of temperature at a post-processing stage is presented in this paper to allow updating the compensation factors using observations obtained at different scales. The proposed methodology utilizes observations collected at the lower scales, where a large amount of data under controlled environment is available. Subsequently, the estimated compensation factors are propagated to the higher scales as priors within a Bayesian framework. This way, the measurements required from the high levels are reduced while making it possible to also update the estimated factors during the operation of the structure. The performance of the methodology is evaluated at different scales and compared with the direct use of compensation factors obtained from coupon studies only. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology improves the fidelity of the compensation algorithm leading to a reduction in the uncertainty of the temperature-compensated signals. Based on the findings of the present study, the reduction in the uncertainty of the compensation improves the performance of both damage detection as well as damage localization in a large composite panel.