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The Normal Appendix and Appendicitis and Its Complications

The vermiform appendix is the smallest nonfunctional segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. Diagnosis of appendicitis can be very challenging and often is not straightforward. Increased morbidity can result from various complications of appendicitis due to delayed diagnosis. Radiologists should be familiar with the appearance of the normal appendix on CT, and also with possible mimickers and potential pitfalls in making the diagnosis of appendicitis. The most useful diagnostic modalities include ultrasound (US) and CT in the appropriate clinical setting. The use of CT for the diagnosis of appendicitis has reduced negative laparotomy rates significantly and improved morbidity from potential complications due to its superior demonstration of overall anatomy.