{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021052631578947368, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005614035087719298, 'mean_word_length': 5.3097345132743365, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Architecture of the Adelaide Mosque: Hybridity, Resilience and Assimilation

The first group of Muslim camel drivers was brought to Australia in 1860 to help in the exploration and development of its remote central regions. In the decades that followed their number increased on a regular basis, and by the beginning of the twentieth century there were around 4,000 Muslims in Australia. This population included camel drivers and people with related professions, who came mainly from Afghanistan and different parts of British India. Although collectively referred to as “cameleers,” or “Afghans,” they were in fact a rather loosely defined group, representing a number of different ethnicities. As time passed and the periods of their contracts expired, some within this population saved their money and returned to their homelands. But others remained and gradually settled down, ending their nomadic lives by mingling and intermarrying with the local population. As the first Muslims in colonial Australia, this group struggled to establish its identity by constructing structures for prayers. Currently, a handful of buildings and tombstones located widely across the vast continent are the only traces of this early “Muslim” presence. For many present-day Australians, as well as many Muslims, they provide the only evidence of this blurred and elusive phenomenon in the history of Australian civilization. Field Report