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Endovascular iliac vein recanalization for permanent pacemaker implantation in a patient who has long-term haemodialysis: a case report.

Background
In chronic haemodialysis patients central veins occlusion occur very often. In such patients, permanent pacemaker placement implantation can be challenging and alternative approaches should be used.


Case summary
This is a case of 66-year-old male patient with complete atrioventricular block after a mitral valve (MV) surgery for endocarditis. The patient has a permanent surgically inserted haemodialysis catheter in right heart atrium after several unsuccessful attempts of endovascular recanalization of superior vena cava. A lead was implanted in the right ventricle after successful endovascular revascularization of the right iliac vein. The pacemaker was placed in a pouch on the right lower abdominal wall.


Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case where a permanent single-chamber pacemaker was implanted through the right iliac vein after successful endovascular recanalization in chronic haemodialysis patient post-MV replacement.