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Expressions of indirect refusal in Vietnamese (compared with Russian)

In Pragmatics, verbal behavior is a behavior that is most interested by many linguists. One of the behaviors is the act of rejection, the universal behavior of all languages. In intercultural conversations, the act of rejection is a very important behavior. Politeness in communication is a general principle in the social interaction of each culture. It is not easy to be polite when performing the acts of refusing without losing the other person's face. Refusal is a common act in communication, especially in intercultural communication. In the case that the proposed invitations, suggestions or requests, etc. are not suitable to receive, refusal in a proper manner is needed. Moreover, choosing the form of indirect refusal is an effective way of responding. They both express the declination of requests and the face saving for the listener. Based on literary works either published or uploaded onto the internet, this study focuses on formulas expressing indirect refusals in Vietnamese (compared with Russian). Thereby, contributing to the efficiency enhancement of the learning of this speech act used for both Vietnamese learners of the Russian language and Russian-speaking learners of the Vietnamese language.