{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02145922746781116, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004291845493562232, 'mean_word_length': 5.810218978102189, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Employee Creativity and R&D: A Critical Review

Employee creativity is one of the most important components to measure a company's human capital, particularly in knowledge-intensive companies. However, the complexity of the conception of creativity means that the measurement of employee creativity has become difficult. Reflecting discussions and contributions on Creativity in R&D as presented at the 2006 R&D Management Conference held in Taiwan, this short thematic paper reviews four different and critical approaches to creativity, namely the evolutionary approach, the cross-disciplinary science approach, the social system approach and the social network approach. This paper concludes that the four approaches provide complementary contributions in understanding the measurement of creativity in an R&D context, but that the interaction of the socio-cultural context with employee creativity needs to be taken into account.