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An American Adventure: The United States Vincentians in Jiangxi Before 1949

Abstract:In the years between their arrival in Jiangxi province in 1923 and the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the “American Vincentians” (members of the Western U.S. Province of the Congregation of the Mission) proceeded with their mission work operating on the premise that the Republican government of the time held authority over a society transitioning from an imperial past towards a modernity modeled on Western example and more conducive to further extension of Catholicism into China. They lived in a liminal space, under the shadow of a revolution they could not yet envision and whose revolutionaries they could not countenance. Interwar China presented the missionaries with significant challenges, from the impediments to conversion presented by local marriage culture to the impact of the Japanese invasion of the Chinese mainland. The arrival of the American Vincentians had signaled a transition from a European to an American character in Catholic mission work in China; the Vincentians were unable to significantly resolve the contradictions between their goals and Chinese conditions in the face of a coming revolution that completely overturned the post-imperial republican order.