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After Colonialism, What?

Empires are out of fashion. There is only one colony left: China’s Tibet. Colonialism is a dirty word, used as abuse as much by those who had colonies as by those who were colonized. Colonialism performed certain functions: law and order, defence, cheap capital for major public works, protection for enterprise. Now that it has gone these functions have to be performed by somebody in those many cases where the ex-colony cannot do it for itself. So one gets the World Bank and the IMF and UN peacekeeping forces. They are not as good at it as the ex-colonial powers often were, but at least, in a world grown richer, they are sometimes more lavishly financed. The present ill-repute of colonialism is the natural result of a coincidence of interest between the nationalists who obtained independence for their countries and the departing colonial powers. The nationalists need to prove to their people that their subordinate position, their poverty, the racism with which they were sometimes treated were in no way the result of any faults of their own society but entirely the consequence of their dependence on the colonial power. The politicians and the theorists of the colonial power had to believe, or at least to say, that freedom for their colonies was the greatest good they could bestow, as otherwise they would have had to answer to their consciences for their abandonment of the weak to what too often was corruption, incompetence and even civil war. Their good fortune was that it took time for this to show. N’Krumah, Dos Santos, Kaunda, Boumedienne, the Burmese and Nigerian armies were disastrous for their countries, but it took some years for that to become obvious. Even the civil wars in Sri Lanka and Algeria did not begin straightaway. Moreover, there have been just enough successes for the abandonment of Empire not to have been always a betrayal. The Americans used their moment in Japan to change its society for the better, the South Koreans and the Taiwanese