<![CDATA[Northeast]]>http://www.sheknows.com/ Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:31:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Skiing and snowboarding safety tips]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995281/skiing-and-snowboarding-safety-tips The first big snow of the winter season is a great excuse to hit the powdery slopes on your skis or favorite snowboard, but be aware that going unprepared can set you up for serious injuries – possibly fatal – that will keep you out of the snow game for the rest of the season. Before you pack your snow gear, keep the following safety tips in mind. Children Skiing

1. Train for your snow sport

Whether you are an avid cross country skier or prefer the rush of racing down the slope on a snowboard, start training specifically for your preferred snow sport weeks before the first snow fall. Specifically, train your lower body and core muscles, which are instrumental in keeping you upright and in control of your movements. This will also help protect your joints and ready your mind for the slopes.


2. Quality first

You don't have to break the bank on good skiing or snowboarding gear, but opt for quality brands. In addition to skis and your snowboard, invest in attire that will keep you warm and dry and, for snowboarding, consider wrist gaurds and a helmet in case you wipe out. Consult with a snow sport specialist for the best gear at the best value.


3. Brush up on the basics.

A few years ago you may have been a hot dog on the snow, but getting a refresher lesson will help reinforce what you know but haven't practiced in a while. You may even learn a few new tricks on the slopes.


4. Be a fair weather snow family.

Instead of heading to the snow during a white out snow storm or sub-freezing conditions, hold off until the weather is sunny and clear. This will not only reduce the risk of running into obstacles (or people) on the slopes, it also helps ensure you can keep an eye on your kids while they are out on their own.


5. Choose your run wisely.

Contact the local ski resort and find out when the slopes are least busy and go at those times. Crowded slopes increase the odds of an injury. In addition, avoid icy or off-limit areas, opting instead for packed powder slopes. Instruct your kids to stay in designated areas and set a meeting time or two to check in.



http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995281/skiing-and-snowboarding-safety-tips Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:29:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Fishing safety tips]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995279/fishing-safety-tips You throw a hook into the water, you sit and wait for a bite or you reel back in. How dangerous can fishing be? Though not considered a high-risk sport, fishing does pose a few potential dangers. Before your family heads to the water, keep these fishing safety tips in mind. Mom and daughter fishing

1. Get physically prepared.

You don't necessarily need to be in top physical shape to catch a fish, but you do need to be able to navigate in and out of a boat or possibly across rocks to your favorite fishing spot. Since regular physical activity is essential for your family's health, make sure you stick to a daily fitness routine leading up to fishing season. Consider visiting the local pool to brush up on your swimming strokes in the case you fall out of the boat or into the water from the shore.


2. Check your fishing gear.

Fishing lines get old and tangled, fishing poles get worn, and lures can break. Open up your tackle box and discard broken fishing tackle. Restring your pole if the line looks ragged and replace your reel or pole if showing signs of damage. The last thing you want to do is cast out and hook someone or yourself due to faulty fishing gear. If you are going out on a boat, do a boat safety check and make sure your life vests are in good condition.


3. Dress up for the occasion.

Sturdy, protective footwear is especially important when fishing. It can keep you from cutting your foot on obstacles in the water or on shore, keep your feet warm, and prevent slipping. Wear clothing according to the weather conditions, choosing attire that will keep you cool in the heat and warm in the cold. Wear sunscreen regardless of temperature and consider a hat that shades your ears and face. Be sure you and the kids don those life vests if you are on the water.


4. Pack a first aid kit.

While you are hoping for the big catch, you may fall and sustain a cut, get bit by insects, or get a hook in the hand. A first aid kit can come to the rescue for many injuries.


For scrapes and cuts, rinse the wound with clean water (this doesn't mean pond water) and stop the bleeding by compressing with a clean cloth. Apply an antibiotic cream and cover with a bandage. Try to keep the area dry, changing bandage as needed.


For insect bites and stings, clean area with water, apply a cold compress if available, apply antibiotic cream, and take acetominophen or ibuprofen for pain. Be sure to remove ticks and stingers, if present, before treating. To avoid bites and stings, apply an insect repellent before you start fishing.


When it comes to fishing hooks, if the hook is embedded in the head or face, in a joint, or near an artery, seek medical help immediately. If the hook is embedded in the finger or elsewhere in the skin, clean area with soapy water. Tie a long piece of fishing line to the rounded part of the hook. Push the hook shank parallel with the skin and give the fishing line a firm, sharp yank. The hook should come right out of the entry point. Wash the area again and apply an antiobiotic ointment and bandage to keep it clean and dry.


Note: Be sure your family is current on your tetanus vaccinations.


5. Stay aware of your fellow fishers.

Keep distance between you and your fellow fishers to avoid hook or pole injuries when casting. Safety glasses are a good idea for kids to protect their eyes, especially as they hone their fishing skills. In addition, always know where your family members are and don't let your kids fish alone. Employ the buddy system.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995279/fishing-safety-tips Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:25:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Boating safety tips]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995277/boating-safety-tips From the relaxing lull of the water to catching the evening’s fish fry dinner, boating offers many family opportunities to enjoy summer. To make sure your boating adventures are all about fun in the sun, teach your family the following boating safety tips. Mom child on boat

1. Check your boat.

Whether your last trip on the water was last year or last weekend, inspect your boat for damage and check all the equipment to make sure it is in peak condition. Locate the life vests – one for each boater – and inspect them for broken straps or other damage, replacing as needed. Have a standard checklist of items that need attention and don't boat unless the checklist is complete.


2. Be a fair weather boating family.

Riding the waters is much more enjoyable and safe when the weather is sunny and clear. Avoid taking your boat out in electrical storms or foggy conditions. Boat only in daylight and have flashlights and boat lights ready in the case you get stuck in the dark. Pack extra warm clothing and blankets in case the weather turns or night falls. Don't forget sunscreen and clothing that will keep you from getting sunburned.


3. Pack water and food.

No one expects to lose control of their vessel, but if you happen to get stranded on the water or land-bound in a secluded area, having water and food on hand can calm the kids and ensure you are nourished enough until help comes.


4. Have an emergency plan.

Leave a float plan at the marina or with family or friends so someone knows where you are going and when you plan to be back. Teach your kids about the boat. While you are loading up in preparation for the water and during your boating adventure, teach your kids boat safety and operation. This may come in handy if something happens to you and you can't navigate. In addition, have an action plan if an emergency does occur, such as the boat sinking or someone going overboard.


5. Use common sense.

Ideally your family should know how to swim before going on the water; for those members who don't, require them to wear a life vest at all times. Steer clear of other boats, jet skis, water skiers and swimmers. Be aware of the water's depth and look out for obstacles, such as rocks or stumps. Heed buoys and water restrictions, and go at a speed that is safe for whatever area you are in. If the boat starts acting odd or the weather takes a turn for the worse, get back to shore.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995277/boating-safety-tips Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:24:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Amusement park safety tips]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995275/amusement-park-safety-tips An anticipated event of summer for many families is going to an amusement or theme park. The harrowing rides, the indulgent junk food, and fun in the sun are too exciting to pass up. Amusement parks aren’t all fun and games, however. From sunburn to risky rides, theme parks can pose hazards to your family. That doesn’t mean nixing your summer visit, it just means keeping the following amusement park safety tips in mind. Dad and daughter at amusement park

1. Go prepared

Start by getting a map of the park and setting up an action plan with your family before you even enter the gates. Figure out the areas of the park you want to visit, meeting places at certain times, and an emergency plan if you get separated. In addition, be sure to wear sunscreen (reapply every two hours or sooner if you get wet), stay hydrated, and wear comfortable clothing and shoes.


2. Heed the amusement park rules

Stay in designated visitor areas as well as in age-appropriate areas. Before you get in line for a ride, read the rules; some rides are not appropriate if you are pregnant, too short or have certain medical conditions. Don't eat or drink on rides because you can get choked. Keep your hands and legs inside the ride and strap yourself in as instructed. And certainly do not cut in line at a ride no matter how excited you are to get on it.


3. Tune in to your kids

Amusement and theme parks are fun for the whole family but that doesn't mean repeatedly getting on your favorite amusement ride leaving your kids to fend for themselves. If your kids are old enough to go on their own, stay in contact via cell phones or by meeting at designated places to see how they are doing. Though they are usually full of boundless energy, they can get fatigued, sick from eating too much, or dehydrated. For the little ones that are with you, ask them periodically how they are doing and watch them for signs of fatigue or dehydration.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995275/amusement-park-safety-tips Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:20:00 -0800 <![CDATA[BBQ Safety tips]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995273/bbq-safety-tips Backyard barbecues are a quintessential part of summer for many families. Juicy steaks, burgers and grilled veggies on the grill can’t be beat on a lazy afternoon. But grilling doesn’t come without risks. From hot flames to propane gas, your relaxing outdoor meal can turn into a trip to the emergency room without proper precautions. Here are our top BBQ safety tips to keep your summer grilling hazard-free. BBQ

1. Check your grills. Whether you have a gas grill or charcoal grill, before you fire it up, give it a look over to ensure there are no bulges, dents, leaks or rusting on gas tanks, nor faulty parts on your charcoal grill.


2. Keep the outdoor grills outdoors. Propane and charcoal grills are designed for outdoor use. Propane gas tanks should not be brought inside your home and charcoal grills, which give off carbon monoxide, should not be used indoors.


3. Follow your manufacturer's manual. To get the best use from your particular grill, read the manufacturer's manual to learn how to properly light your grill, cook on your grill, and store your grill when not in use.


4. Wear proper attire. Keep long sleeves, long shirts and long hair, which can catch fire easily, away from the heat. Keep kids away from the grill unless you are teaching them age-appropriate grilling skills.


5. Use the right utensils. Grill mitts, long armed grill tools, and grill gadgets, such as a grill basket or rotisserie, will not only make your grilling experience less hazardous, they will also help you cook your grilled foods to perfection.


6. Keep raw foods away from cooked foods. Cross contamination between raw and cooked foods can lead to E.coli and other foodborne illnesses. Use one plate for raw food and one plate for cooked food. Designate one cutting board for meats and one for vegetables, or one for raw meats and one for cooked foods.


7. Store your food properly. If you are marinating foods for over 30 minutes, keep them in the refrigerator until you are ready to put them on the grill. In addition, don't brush the marinade that food has been sitting in on cooked foods; instead, boil it for a few minutes before basting or make enough marinade initially to keep some separate for basting purposes only.


8. Do not char your foods. To reduce your exposure to carcinogens produced by grilling, cook your foods at lower temperatures and avoid charring. If charring occurs, remove the burned parts before eating. Research also suggests marinating your foods in highly spiced and/or fruit marinades overnight to further reduce the carcinogens formed while grilling.


9. Keep a fire extinguisher handy. You never know when an emergency may happen. Being prepared with a fire extinguisher can prevent fires from spreading.


10. Store grill properly after use. For a gas grill, turn the valve off when you are done grilling. For a charcoal grill, let coals burn out completely. Close grill lid and use a grill cover in between uses. Never store extra propane tanks under the gas grill, and do not simply throw empty propane tanks in the trash. Check with your local municipal programs for proper disposal instructions.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995273/bbq-safety-tips Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:18:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Safety tips for mowing lawns]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995269/safety-tips-for-mowing-lawns Summertime means fun in the sun and getting back to your badly neglected yard work. Though pulling weeds is fairly harmless, mowing the lawn can put you at risk for injury. According to a study published in the Annals of Emergency Medicine, lawn mower injuries are on the rise, with the majority of injuries occurring in children under age 15 and adults age 60 and older. The most common injuries reported are due to strikes from debris, such as rocks and branches, propelled by the mower's spinning blades. To keep your family safe from lawn mower related injuries, follow these lawn mowing safety tips. Lawnmower

1. Check the yard. Clear the yard from debris, including rocks, branches and toys.


2. Inspect the mower. Before you start the mower, make sure all the safety devices are in place and working fine. Once the mower is started, do not put your fingers, hands or feet near the blades.


3. Dress appropriately. Though sporting sandals and a bathing suit may be most comfortable on a hot summer day, wear long pants, closed-toe shoes and safety goggles while you are mowing. Consider mowing at cooler times of the day.


4. Keep your kids and other family members in the house or away from the lawn while you are mowing in the case a rock or branch gets thrown by the mower.


5. Do not let young kids mow the lawn. The American Pediatrics Association recommends that no kids under 16 be allowed to use a riding mower and no kids under 12 use a push mower.


6. Do not let your kids or other family members ride on the riding lawn mower with you. Riding mowers are made for one operator. Having additional people on the mower can result in someone falling off or getting directly injured by the mower.


7. Avoid navigating riding mowers over steep hills or embankments as this can cause the mower to flip over.


8. Store lawn mowers securely. Keep mowers in a locked shed or enclosed in the garage where kids don't have easy, unsupervised access. Keep the keys out of riding lawn mowers so kids aren't tempted to start them up.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995269/safety-tips-for-mowing-lawns Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:15:00 -0800 <![CDATA[How to prevent drowning]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995267/how-to-prevent-drowning Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death for people of all ages, including people who know how to swim. Summertime means more time spent at the pool, lake or ocean. To protect your family from drowning, here are some tips to keep them safe. Mom an daughter in pool

1. Surround your pool or hot tub with a fence and keep it locked so your kids or neighbors' kids can't get in the water without your permission. You may even consider a pool alarm system.


2. Never let your kids swim unsupervised, even if they have had swim lessons, are competent swimmers, or have life vests or floating devices. Never allow young kids to play near or in water unless you are right there with them. They can drown quickly and in only a few inches of water, if they fall face down.


3. Always swim with a buddy, no matter your age or swimming abilities. A buddy can offer assistance if you become too tired to swim or get a cramp that impairs your swimming ability.


4. Swim near the shoreline when in large bodies of water. If you get stuck in a rip current, swim diagonally to the current or float on the current and signal for help.


5. When boating, jet skiing, water skiing or playing in lakes or the ocean, wear life vests and be aware of strong currents that can carry floating devices and rafts away from shore.


6. Don't dive into pools or bodies of water without knowing the depth. Always follow the rules posted on signs nearby.


7. Wear old tennis shoes when swimming at the ocean or lake to avoid getting foot injuries from sharp objects in the dirt or sand.


8. Avoid getting in the water during electrical storms.


9. Listen to your body. If you are feeling tired, too cold or that you have had too much sun, get out of the water.


10. Do not drink alcohol while swimming, whether it be at the pool, lake or ocean. Alchohol impairs your ability to swim and also puts you at risk for stumbling into the water. You may know how to swim but if you hit your head and become unconscious, your swimming abilities won't help you out.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995267/how-to-prevent-drowning Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:12:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Acute mountain sickness: Effects of high altitude]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995265/acute-mountain-sickness-effects-of-high-altitude If part of your summer recreational plans include camping and taking your family on gorgeous hikes up mountains you couldn’t access in the winter, be aware that high altitudes can cause altitude sickness, also called acute mountain sickness. Though most people will not be negatively affected by high altitude, some may experience potentially fatal conditions such as high altitude pulmonary edema or high altitude cerebral edema. Alitude Sickness

If you aren't used to higher altitudes, you may experience:

Shortness of breath
Nausea and dizziness
Loss of appetite
Sleep disturbances


Though altitude sickness tends to occur at elevations over 7,000 feet due to the decreased oxygen saturation of the blood, fast ascent or particularly strenuous activity can cause altitude sickness at lower elevations. The symptoms usually start 12 to 24 hours after arriving at higher altitudes and decrease over the course of the course of the next couple of days as the body acclimatizes.


The best way to avoid altitude sickness or the negative effects of higher altitude is to take the time to allow your body to get used to the change in barometric pressure. If you are camping, don't set out to do vigorous activity for the first day or two. If you are hiking, start slow and listen to your body as you climb. If you begin to experience symptoms of altitude sickness, slow down or stop, and, if necessary, descend slowly from the mountain.


If anyone in your family begins to experience more severe symptoms, such as nosebleeds, loss of consciousness, loss of bladder and colon control, coordination problems, coughing up bloody sputum, or swelling of the face, hands and limbs, seek medical help immediately.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995265/acute-mountain-sickness-effects-of-high-altitude Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 15:03:00 -0800 <![CDATA[ How to avoid dangerous plants: Poison oak, poison ivy and poison sumac]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995263/how-to-avoid-dangerous-plants-poison-oak-poison-ivy-and-poison-sumac Though the great outdoors offers fun family opportunities to camp, hike, explore nature or garden close to home, it also puts your family at risk for exposure to nature’s less pleasant side, namely poison oak, poison ivy and poison sumac. These benign looking plants are leading culprits behind allergic skin reactions in the US, and though not fatal, can cause days of discomfort. Poison Oak

Poison oak

Poison oak is most common in the Western US, but is found in the Midwest and on the East Coast. Its leaves grow as a vine or shrub and look like oak leaves with three leaflets. However, the plant can contain up to seven leaflets per group.


Poison ivy

Found throughout the US except along the West Coast, poison ivy grows as a climbing or low-spreading vine as well as a shrub, depending on location. You can usually identify poison ivy by its three broad, pointed leaves or leaflets. Additionally, poison ivy changes color with the season, being red in the spring, green during the summer, and brown and yellow during fall.


Poison sumac

Poison sumac grows like a shrub or small tree and has seven to 13 leaflets per leaf stem, with leaves characterized by smooth edges and pointed tips. This plant is usually found in the swampy areas in the Southeast and wet, wooded areas in the Northern states.


Recognizing the symptoms

After contact with the offending plants, symptoms can develop within 30 minutes to five days after exposure. Symptoms can last 10 days to three weeks. The resulting skin reaction is due to a colorless, odorless resin called urushiol, which is basically the plants' oils. If you aren't savvy on your plant identification, you may exposed to poison oak, poison ivy or poison sumac and not even know it.



Itchy red rash of small bumps or larger raised areas.
Red streaks or overall redness where skin and plant made contact.
Oozing blisters filled with fluid.



You can reduce your risk of exposure to poison oak, poison ivy and poison sumac by staying vigilant of your surroundings. Stay away from wooded or shrubby areas when hiking or camping. Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts, socks and fully closed footwear. Apply barrier creams or lotions before you head outdoors. Consider soaps made to remove plant oils. Wash your clothing in hot water. Remove plants from your yard (wearing thick gloves). Never burn the plants since it can force urushiol into the air.



If you do happen to develop a rash or blisters, cool baths or compresses, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths can help increase your comfort. Talk to your doctor if your symptoms worsen or for further advice on managing the symptoms.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995263/how-to-avoid-dangerous-plants-poison-oak-poison-ivy-and-poison-sumac Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:59:00 -0800 <![CDATA[How to treat insect bites]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995261/how-to-treat-insect-bites The warm weather and all that extra time outdoors puts your family at risk for bug bites, ranging from bees and spiders to scorpions and ticks, depending on where you live. Avoiding insect infected areas and wearing insect repellent are helpful in prevention, but knowing how to treat bug bites once they occur will minimize the impact bug bites have on your family’s health. Wasp Sting

Treatment for stings

Bee and wasp stings can be painful but are usually not considered a medical emergency unless the person stung has an allergic reaction. Bees sting once and leave a stinger with a venom sac attached to the skin, while wasps don't lose their stinger and can sting multiple times.


If you are stung by a bee or wasp:


For bee stings, remove stinger as quickly as possible.
Wash sting site with warm water and soap and keep it clean and dry until the skin heals.
Apply an ice pack or cold compress for a few minutes.
Administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain management.
Apply calamine lotion or a corticosteroid cream to minimize itching.
Seek medical care if swelling and a rash develop, the pain lasts for more than 3 days, or the person is exhibiting symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as wheezing, swelling of the lips and face, or tight chest.


If the sting occurs in the mouth, seek medical help immediately since this can lead to severe swelling that blocks the airway passages.


Treatment for spider bites

Spider bites can be serious if the spider is venomous, such as the black widow, found throughout the US, or brown recluse spider, found primarily in the midwestern and southern US. Most spiders, however, are not poisonous. The black widow is easily identified by a black round body and orange hourglass on the underbelly. The brown recluse is a brown spider with a small violin-like shape on its back.


If you are bitten by a spider:


Wash bite with warm soapy water and keep area clean and dry until skin heals.
Apply an ice pack or cold compress.
Administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain.
Apply a topical antiobiotic and avoid touching the bite.
Seek medical attention if you suspect a black widow or brown recluse spider, or the bite site swells and develops a rash, which can indicate an infection.


Treatment for scorpion bites

Scorpions, which are common in the Southwest desert areas of the US, can inflict a painful sting. Of the dozens of scorpion species in the US, only the bark scorpion, is considered dangerous, particularly for kids and the elderly.


If you are stung by a scorpion:


Wash the sting site with warm soapy water and keep it clean and dry until the skin heals.
Apply a cold compress for a few minutes.
Always seek medical attention if a child is stung by a scorpion and make sure adults seek medical attention if symptoms worsen over the next few hours.


Treatment for tick bites

Though only a small percentage of ticks carry potentially dangerous diseases, such as Lyme disease, babesiosis, or Rocky Mountain spotted fever, immediate removal of the tick and proper treatment of the tick bite will reduce the risk of infection. Your risk for tick bites is highest in grassy, wooded areas.


If you are bitten by a tick:


Use tweezers to firmly grasp the tick near the tick's mouth by the skin and pull firmly until the tick releases its bite.
Swab the bite site with alcohol.
Keep the bite site clean and dry to avoid infection.
Place tick in a resealable plastic bag and take it to your doctor for identification, especially if you live in an area where tick-transmitted illness is common.


Be sure to vigilantly check for ticks on your clothing, skin and hair as well as your pets after outdoor activities.

http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995261/how-to-treat-insect-bites Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:57:00 -0800 <![CDATA[What do if you get a snake bite]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995259/what-do-if-you-get-a-snake-bite According to the Centers for Disease Control, up to 8,000 people are bitten by venomous snakes every year in the US. Though a very small percentage of snake bites result in death, immediate treatment is important to avoid venom-related complications. Biting Snake

The venomous snakes in the US include: rattlesnake, copperhead, cottonmouth or water moccasins, and coral snakes. People most at risk are those who work outdoors or spend a great deal of time outdoors, but even a single short outing on a summer day can put you or your family at risk of being bit.


Puncture wounds
Redness, swelling and pain at the bite
Nausea and vomiting
Labored breathing
Vision problems
Numbness or tingling around the face or limbs
Most people know they have been bitten by a snake. If possible, remember the color and markings of the snake so you can describe it to emergency medical personnel. Do not try to catch the snake.



Immediately call 911 and, as difficult as it may be, stay as calm and quiet as possible. Sit with the bite below the level of the heart. Wash the bite with warm soap and water. Cover it with clean, dry dressing. Though a popular response to a snake bite in the movies, do not slash the wound and suck the venom out. In addition, do not apply ice or a tourniquet, and avoid drinking alcohol and caffeine, which can increase the spread of venom.



The best way to avoid a snake bite is to steer clear of snake-infested areas. If your family is going for a hike or spending time outdoors where there is a snake risk, wear boots, long pants and even leather gloves if you are going to be in tall brush or playing in rocks. Snakes tend to be active at night and in warm weather; consider limiting your outdoor time to mornings when the weather is cooler.

http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995259/what-do-if-you-get-a-snake-bite Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:55:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Safety tips for swimming]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995257/safety-tips-for-swimming According to the National Safety Council, drowning is the second leading cause of death from unintentional injuries in people ages 5 to 24-years-old, and the leading cause of death from unintentional injuries for all ages. Whether your family is poolside or lakeside during the summer months, you can reduce the risk of drowning by setting – and following – a set of swimming safety rules. Mom an daughter in pool

Swimming safety tips

1. Take swimming lessons. Regardless of age, knowing how to swim is the most important factor in preventing drowning. Enroll your kids in swim lessons before your summer outings and make sure they can competently swim before allowing them to get in the water. Adults can also benefit from lessons, especially from an instructor who can demonstrate life saving techniques in the case someone you are with is drowning.


2. Never swim alone. It doesn't matter if you are a beginner or a seasoned swimmer, always buddy up with someone before you hit the water. Set a rule with your kids that they cannot go into the water alone. In addition, swim only in supervised areas and obey signs posted by the pool or body of water.


3. Be aware of the water. Most public pools have numbers along the side indicating the depth of the pool. Teach your kids the meaning of these numbers and deter them from diving into shallow waters. If you are at a lake, discourage them from diving in without first surveying not only the depth of the water, but also the presence of rocks, tree stumps and other obstacles. Wearing old tennis shoes is a good way to prevent foot injuries from rocks, sticks or broken glass on the lake bottom.


4. Do a self-check. As you are swimming, be sure to listen to your body. If you feel at all fatigued, too cold or overexposed to the sun, get out of the water. Periodically as your kids are swimming, ask them how they are feeling. Teach your kids to self-check and explain that getting out of the water when they aren't feeling their best can keep them from drowning.


5. Always avoid alcohol. Alcohol can not only impair your swimming ability, it can also reduce your body's ability to stay warm. Alcohol also increases the risk of you unintentionally falling into the water and getting injured. If you are thirsty, drink water, juice or another nonalcholic beverage. This will not only help keep you safe while swimming, it will set a good example for your kids.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995257/safety-tips-for-swimming Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:53:00 -0800 <![CDATA[How to avoid hypothermia]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995255/how-to-avoid-hypothermia Hypothermia is a serious medical condition in which the body’s core temperature drops dangerously low, causing a potentially fatal strain on the heart, brain and other organs. The most common cause of hypothermia is exposure to cold weather or cold water and not being adequately dressed for cold conditions. Thermometer

Though hypothermia is usually thought of as a condition that only occurs during winter, cold weather conditions and cold water can put a person at risk any time of the year. According to experts at the Mayo Clinic, specific conditions that lead to hypothermia can include wearing clothes that aren't warm enough for the environment, staying in the cold too long, being wet and unable to remove wet clothes or move to a warmer location, accidental falls into water (boating accident), and inadequate heating in the home (particularly dangerous for infants and the elderly).



Shivering (the body's first defense against cold)
Loss of coordination and slurred speech
Confusion and poor decision making
Progressive loss of consciousness
Weak pulse
Shallow breathing

Red, cold skin


Oftentimes, a person suffering from hypothermia does not realize the seriousness of their condition because the symptoms come on gradually and the resulting confusion can decrease self-awareness. In the case of infants and the elderly, they may not be able to verbalize their symptoms. If you suspect someone is suffering from hypothermia, seek treatment for them immediately.



Call 911 if you see someone exhibiting symptoms of hypothermia or that you suspect have had prolonged exposure to cold. While you are waiting for emergency personnel, move the person indoors or to a warmer location, if possible. Remove wet clothing and cover the person in blankets.


If you are outdoors, place a blanket between the person and the ground in addition to the blankets you put overtop. You can even share body heat, removing your clothing, providing skin-to-skin contact while covering you both with blankets. Do not place warm compresses on the person's arms or legs because it can cause a fatal drop in core body temperature by forcing cold blood back to the heart, lungs and brain.


Depending on the extent of hypothermia, medical personnel may use more invasive measures to raise the person's body temperature. These interventions include blood rewarming with a hemodialysis machine, warm intravenous fluids, airway rewarming, or delivery of a warm saltwater solution to the stomach, bladder or colon.



The easy way to prevent hypothermia is by avoiding cold weather conditions and cold water. However, your family can enjoy cold weather activities, such as playing in the snow, or cold water activities, such as boating, with proper attire and staying warm.


To prevent hypothermia:


In the cold, wear loose fitting light-weight layers of clothing, a water-repellant outer layer, a hat, gloves, socks and insulated, water-repellant boots.
Stay dry and remove wet clothing as soon as possible.
Don't overexert yourself to the point you are heavily sweating; wet clothing and cold weather can make your body temperature quickly drop.
Limit your exposure to cold weather or cold water.
If you fall in the water, do not remove clothing until you are out and can get warm.
Do not drink alcohol when outdoors in the cold or on the water.
If you do get stuck in cold weather or in cold weather, huddle with other people to stay warm.


Being prepared for cold weather and cold water activities will allow you to enjoy the great outdoors while keeping your family safe from hypothermia.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995255/how-to-avoid-hypothermia Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:46:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Symptoms of heat stroke or sun stroke]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995253/symptoms-of-heat-stroke-or-sun-stroke Heat stroke or sun stroke is a form of hyperthermia, characterized by an abnormally elevated body temperature and related symptoms that are considered a true medical emergency. People most at risk for heat stroke are infants, the elderly, outdoor workers, and athletes, particularly in the summer when the temperature is high. Woman sweating

Heat stroke occurs when the body cannot adequately dissipate heat through evaporation of sweat or radiation of heat from the skin, typically caused by extreme heat, high humidity, vigorous exertion under the sun, or dehydration. Heat exhaustion, a milder form of hyperthermia, may occur initially and progress to heat stroke if not properly treated.


High body temperature
Absence of sweating
Hot, red, flushed skin
Rapid pulse
Difficulty breathing
Strange behavior




Because heat stroke can cause permanent organ damage and even death, immediate treatment is imperative. If you suspect a child or adult is experiencing heat stroke, quickly call 911 then take measures to cool the victim. Move victim out of the sun, remove clothing, fan the victim, lightly spray with cool water, and place ice packs under the arm pits. The 911 operator can assist you with further instructions as emergency personnel are in route.



To avoid heat exhaustion or heat stroke, limit outdoor activities when the temperature and humidity are high. Opt to play or exercise outdoors before 10am or in the early evening, when the temperature is cooler. Another key preventative factor is to stay hydrated. Drink at least 8 (8-ounce) glasses of water daily and keep your intake of caffeine and alcohol to a minimum.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995253/symptoms-of-heat-stroke-or-sun-stroke Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:41:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Dangers of sun burn]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995249/dangers-of-sun-burn Summertime means shorts, sandals, bikinis and sunbathing. It also commonly means overexposure to the sun and a resulting sunburn. More concerning, overexposure to the sun can lead to skin damage even before redness occurs, and every exposure can result in cumulative damage over time. Woman with sunburn

Sunburn is caused specifically by overexposure to ultraviolet rays, both UVA and UVB rays, from the sun or tanning beds. The skin has a natural defense against sunburn, called melanin, but when UV exposure exceeds melanin's protection, a burn occurs. Lighter-skinned people have a greater risk of sunburn because they have less melanin than darker-skinned individuals. Sunburn is not only painful, it can be detrimental to health.

Dangers of sunburn

Increased risk of skin cancer
Higher risk of vision problems and eye disorders
Second-degree burns
Aggravated skin disorders, such as eczema, psoriasis and rosacea
Premature skin aging, including wrinkles and age spots


No one is immune to the dangers of sunburn; no matter the age or darkness of skin. The more sun exposure, the more a person is at risk for sun-related complications.



Avoiding overexposure to the sun and taking precautions to prevent sunburn every day is the best way to reduce your family's risk of skin cancer, dehydration, premature aging and other sun-related dangers. Before you go outside, apply sunscreen (at least SPF 15) to exposed skin and wear attire that protects against the sun, including a brimmed cap, sunglasses, long sleeved shirts, long pants, and shoes that cover your feet. Wear light colored and light-weight clothing in the hot months and consider enjoying the great outdoors in the shade or under an umbrella. Reapply sunscreen every two hours or every 30 minutes, if swimming. In addition, limit your sun exposure between 10am and 4pm, when the sun's rays are the most intense.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995249/dangers-of-sun-burn Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:33:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Babesiosis]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995243/babesiosis Babesiosis is a malaria-like disease caused by microscopic Babesia parasites that are transmitted through a tick bite. Babiesa

Most common during the warmer months, the disease primarily occurs in New England, New York State, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts in areas with woods, brush or grass. Babesiosis occurs primarily in animals but the incidence of human cases is on the rise. Though the disease can be asymptomatic in many people, babesiosis can attack the red blood cells and lead to hemolytic anemia, a life-threatening medical condition.


Headache and body aches
Loss of appetite



Complications from babesiosis can include low and unstable blood pressure, hemolytic anemia, low platelet count, blood clots and bleeding, malfunction of vital organs and even death.


Diagnosis and treatment

A babesiosis diagnosis can be confirmed by a blood test. Treatment for babesiosis includes a seven to 10 day round of malarial medications and antibiotics. For more severe cases, other measures may be necessary, including medications for fever and low blood pressure, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation (for difficulty breathing), and dialysis. If you suspect or know you've been bitten by a tick and experience nonspecific flu-like symptoms, get in to see your doctor immediately.



The best way to prevent getting babesiosis is by avoiding tick-infested areas. If you plan to hike or walk through areas with woods, brush and grass, take precautions to keep ticks off of your skin.


You can reduce your risk of a tick bite by:


Walking on cleared trails away from vegetation.
Using an insect repellant on exposed skin and clothing.
Wearing light colored long pants, long sleeved shirts, and high boots when hiking or in tall grass.
Tucking pant cuffs into socks or high boots.
Checking your clothing and pets during and after outdoor activities.


Staying vigilant in avoiding and checking for ticks can reduce your risk of babesiosis and any other tick-borne diseases.


http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995243/babesiosis Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS
Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:21:00 -0800 <![CDATA[Lyme disease]]> http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995235/lyme-disease Lyme disease, an inflammatory condition spread through a tick bite, is caused by a bacterium that ticks pick up after biting mice or deer that are infected with Lyme disease. Lyme disease is most common in the late spring, summer and early fall, with most cases occurring in the Northeast, upper Midwest and Pacific coast area in the US. SheKnows message board member linpach1 in Maryland was shocked to find out her 4-year-old daughter had been diagnosed with Lyme disease.

"Sophia had been a little off the last 2 weeks, some tummy aches and she threw up once for no reason, so I took her to the doctor earlier this week. He called me tonight and she has Lyme disease!" she said. "How scary! I never noticed a tick on her and she never had the usual bullseye rash that you get with Lyme disease -- apparently 25% of people never get this rash."

Fortunately, they caught the illness in the early stages, and Sophia was immediately started on antibiotics.

Lyme disease: Are you prepared for this tick-lish disease? >>

Tick BiteInitial symptoms

Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria often carried by deer ticks -- ticks that can be so tiny, they're about the size of the period at the end of this sentence.

See a Lyme disease risk map >>

Here are some of the earliest symptoms you may notice:

  • Round, raised flat spot at the tick bite (see photo at right)
  • Chills and fever
  • Headache
  • Muscle pain
  • Lethargy

Advanced stage symptoms may include all-over itchiness, shooting pains, loss of muscle tone, joint inflammation, a stiff neck, dizziness, and strange or unusual behavior.

Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease

It's important to note that not all ticks carry Lyme disease, and not all people infected with the bacterium show symptoms. If you are bitten by a tick and live in a high-risk area, or you are exhibiting symptoms of Lyme disease, contact your doctor.

A blood test can confirm you have contracted Lyme disease. If caught early, Lyme disease can be successfully treated with a round of antibiotics. Early treatment is important since advanced-stage complications can lead to permanent neurological, joint and heart problems.

Lyme disease treatment - An integrated approach >>


Outdoor activities during the warmer months and having outdoor pets increases your risk of Lyme disease, but that doesn't mean you need to keep your family indoors all year round.

You can reduce your risk of a tick bite by:

  • Using an insect repellent on exposed skin and clothing.
  • Tucking pant cuffs into socks or high boots.
  • Checking your clothing and pets during and after outdoor activities.

Ticks that carry Lyme disease are small and, often, people don't even realize they have been bit. Being vigilant in taking precautions and checking your family's skin, hair, clothing and pets for ticks is the most effective way to avoid Lyme disease.

Get more information about Lyme disease on the CDC site.

More outdoor health tips & info

7 Maladies and health issues for summer (and how to avoid them)

Most common summer bug bites and rashes

Cures for outdoor woes

http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/995235/lyme-disease Parenting Family Fun Family Activities Michele Borboa, MS