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Categories:Types, School Work
Published by: Dan Alexis Morco Arinzana on Aug 15, 2013
Copyright:Attribution Non-commercial


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is anymusical instrumentthat makes sound by way of a vibratingstringor  strings stretched between two points. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in theoriginalHornbostel-Sachsscheme of musical instrument classification.  What many would callstring instrumentsare classified as chordophones.Violins,guitars,lyres,  andharpsare examples. However, the word also embraces instruments that many westernerswould hesitate to call string instruments, such as themusical bowand thepiano(which, although sometimes called a string instrument, is also called akeyboard instrumentand apercussion instrument).Hornbostel-Sachs divides chordophones into two main groups: instruments without aresonator as an integral part of the instrument (which have the classification number 31); and instrumentswith such a resonator (which have the classification number 32). Most western instruments fallinto the second group, but the piano andharpsichordfall into the first. Hornbostel and Sachs'criterion for determining which sub-group an instrument falls into is that if the resonator can beremoved without destroying the instrument, then it is classified as 31. The idea that the piano'scasing, which acts as a resonator, could be removed without destroying the instrument, mayseem odd, but if the action and strings of the piano were taken out of its box, it could still be played. This is not true of the violin, because the string passes over a bridge located on theresonator box, so removing the resonator would mean the strings had no tension.Electric string instruments often have an electromagnetic pickup that produces a signal that can be amplified. Theelectric guitar is the most common example, but many other chordophones use pickups
is anymusical instrumentthat produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrumentitself adding considerably to the sound. It is one of the four main classes of instruments in theoriginalHornbostel-Sachsscheme of musical instrument classification.  Hornbostel-Sachs divides aerophones by whether vibrating air is contained in the instrumentitself or not.The first class (
) includes instruments which, when played, do
contain the vibrating air.Thebullroarer is one example. These are called
 free aerophones
. This class includesfree reedinstruments, such as theharmonica,but also many instruments unlikely to be called windinstruments at all by most people, such assirensandwhips.  The second class (
) includes instruments which contain the vibrating air when being played.This class includes almost all instruments generally calledwind instruments- including thedidgeridoo,brass instruments(e.g.,trumpet,french horn,baritone,tuba), andwoodwind instruments(e.g.,oboe,flute,saxophone,clarinet). Additionally, very loud sounds can be made by explosions directed into, or being detonatedinside of resonant cavities. Detonations inside thecalliope(and steam whistle), as well as the

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