1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt
The 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt (), known in Spain by the numeronym 23-F and also known as the Tejerazo, was an attempted "coup d'état" or "putsch" in Spain on 23 February 1981. Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero led 200 armed Civil Guard officers into the Congress of Deputies during the vote to elect a President of the Government. The officers held the parliamentarians and ministers hostage for 18 hours, during which time King Juan Carlos I denounced the coup in a televised address, calling for rule of law and the democratic government to continue. Though shots were fired, the hostage-takers surrendered the next morning without killing anyone.