Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom began on January 17, 1893, with a "coup d'état" against Queen Liliʻuokalani on the island of Oahu by local and international businessmen and government officials. They prevailed upon the United States Minister John L. Stevens to call in U.S. sailors and Marines to protect American interests, an action that effectively buttressed the rebellion. The insurgents established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which occurred in 1898.