Appendix B Instrument Training Lesson Guide Introduction Lesson 2—Preflight preparation and  flight by reference to instruments Ground Training Lesson 3—Flight instruments and human  factors Ground Training Flight Training Lesson 4—Attitude instrument flying Ground Training Lesson 1—Ground and flight evaluation  of student’s knowledge and performance Flight instructors may use this guide in the development of  lesson plans. The lessons are arranged in a logical learning  sequence and use the building-block technique. Each lesson  includes ground training appropriate to the flight portion of  the lesson. It is vitally important that the flight instructor brief  the student on the objective of the lesson and how it will be  accomplished. Debriefing the student’s performance is also  necessary to motivate further progress. To ensure steady  progress, student pilots should master the objective of each  lesson before advancing to the next lesson. Lessons should  be arranged to take advantage of each student’s knowledge  and skills. Flight instructors must monitor progress closely during  training to guide student pilots in how to properly divide  their attention. The importance of this division of attention  or “cross-check” cannot be overemphasized. Cross-check and  proper instrument interpretation are essential components  of “attitude instrument flying” that enables student pilots to  accurately visualize the aircraft’s attitude at all times. When possible, each lesson should incorporate radio  communications, basic navigation, and emergency procedures  so the student pilot is exposed to the entire IFR experience  with each flight. Cross-reference the Instrument Training  Lesson Guide with this handbook and the Instrument  Practical Test Standards for a comprehensive instrument  rating training program. Aircraft systems Aircraft performance Preflight planning Use of checklists Basic flight maneuvers Radio communications procedures Navigation systems Human factors Flight instruments and systems Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection Radio communications Checklist procedures Attitude instrument flying Fundamental instrument skills Basic flight maneuvers Spatial disorientation demonstration Navigation systems Postflight procedures Human factors Flight instruments and systems Aircraft systems Navigation instruments and systems Instrument system preflight procedures Attitude instrument flying Fundamental instrument skills Instrument cross-check techniques Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection Use of checklists Fundamental instrument skills Basic flight maneuvers Instrument approach (demonstrated) Postflight procedures Flight Training B-1