Published VFR Routes Terminal Radar Service Areas Powered Parachute Operations National Security Areas Flight Over Charted U.S. Wildlife  Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service  Areas PPC and Air Traffic Control Published VFR routes are for transitioning around,  under, or through some complex airspace. Terms such  as VFR flyway, VFR corridor, Class B airspace, VFR  transition route, and terminal area VFR route have  been applied to such routes. These routes are gener - ally found on VFR terminal area planning charts. Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA) are areas  where participating pilots can receive additional ra- dar services. The purpose of the service is to provide  separation between all IFR operations and participat - ing VFR aircraft. The primary airport(s) within the TRSA become(s)  Class D airspace. The remaining portion of the TRSA  overlies other controlled airspace, which is normally  Class E airspace beginning at 700 or 1,200 feet and  established to transition to/from the en route terminal  environment. TRSAs are depicted on VFR sectional  charts and terminal area charts with a solid black line  and altitudes for each segment. The Class D portion is  charted with a blue segmented line.  Participation in TRSA services is voluntary; however,  pilots operating under VFR are encouraged to con - tact the radar approach control and take advantage of  TRSA service. National security areas consist of airspace of defined  vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations  where there is a requirement for increased security  and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are requested to  voluntarily avoid flying through these depicted areas.  When necessary, flight may be temporarily prohib - ited.  National security areas can be changed to TFRs with  very little notice. Check the status of the airspace  with the FSS before flying through a national security  area. The landing of aircraft is prohibited on lands or waters  administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Fish  and Wildlife Service, or U.S. Forest Service without  In uncontrolled airspace separation from other air- craft is the responsibility of the pilot. Separation from  higher speed traffic may require flight paths different  than faster traffic. The PPC pilot may be asked to ex - pedite or deviate from a traditional course. The PPC  pilot must work with ATC in advising of the airspeed  limitations and surface wind speed and direction limi- tations. Safe operation in controlled airspace requires  that the controller understand the limits of the pow- ered parachute. If you will be flying through  controlled airspace, you  must determine if the PPC meets all of the equipment  requirements of that airspace. [Figure 8-3] You must  also review your qualifications to determine if you  meet the minimum pilot requirements of the airspace.  If you or the PPC do not meet the minimum aircraft  and/or pilot requirements of the airspace, then the  preflight planning should include a course around the  airspace. Extra time and fuel will be required for the  circumnavigation and should be taken into consider - ation prior to departure. With proper preflight plan ning, transition or circumnavigation of the controlled  airspace should not be a problem for the pilot or the  powered parachute. PPC preflight planning should include a review of the  airspace that will be flown. A local flight may be close  to the field and include only Class G and Class E air - space. Minimum visibility and cloud clearance may  be the only requirements for both the pilot and the  powered parachute. Pilots are requested to maintain a minimum altitude of  2,000 feet above the surface of the following: Nation - al Parks, Monuments, Seashores, Lakeshores, Recre ation Areas and Scenic River ways administered by  the National Park Service, National Wildlife Refuges,  Big Game Refuges, Game Ranges and Wildlife Rang- es administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,  and Wilderness and Primitive areas administered by  the U.S. Forest Service. authorization from the respective agency. Exceptions  include: 1. When forced to land due to an emergency beyond  the control of the operator; 2. At officially designated landing sites; or 3. An approved official business of the Federal  Government. 8-6