US 2016/0251602 Al  17  Sep. 1, 2016  liquor consisted of the polymeric particles (of total mass  10  kg) and tap water (45 kg) and the further formulation com› ponents as shown in Table 20. Aluminum cans were fixed to a  metal rod which was fixed by means of a clamp. Each can was  inserted into the vessel containing the treatment liquor. The  cans were then subjected to contact with the pumped liquor  for a period of  1,  2 and 5 minutes at a temperature of 22°  C.,  ensuring contact between the can and the treatment liquor.  After treatment, the cans were washed with Milli-Q™ water  and isopropanol and subjected to XPS analysis.  [0199]  The data shown in Table 21 illustrates the results of  XPS analysis for the amount of aluminum oxide and alumi› num metal on the can surface following the various treat› ments. The thickness of the aluminum oxide layer was cal› culated in accordance with the standard methods outlined in  B. R. Strohmeier, Surf. InterfaceAnal. 1990, 15, 51 and T.A.  Carlson, G. E. McGuire, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phe› nom, 1972/73;  1,  161.As shown by the results for can  4,  6 and  8 treatment of the can with nylon beads, water, citrate and the  non-ionic surfactant demonstrated a significant decrease in  the aluminum oxide area (%) and a significant increase in the  aluminum metal area (%) for the surface of the metal sub› strate compared to the controls (i.e. cans  1,  2, 3, 5 and 7).  Furthermore, an aluminum oxide layer of significantly  reduced thickness was obtained for can 8 (3.72 nm) which  was subjected only to  1  minute treatment compared to the  controls and especially when compared to the treatment with  citrate, Mulan™ and water alone for  1  minute (Can 7).  TABLE22  TABLE 21  TABLE 20  TABLE 21-continued  Sample Details and Formulation Components.  Sample  Can 1  Can 2  Can 3  Can4  Can 5  Can 6  Can 7  Can 8  Formulation components/treatment  Control Can - No Treatment  Can Treated With Water Only  5 Minute Control  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  5 Minute Treatment  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  +  Nylon polymeric particles 10 kg  2 Minute Control  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  2 Minute Treatment  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  +  Nylon polymeric particles 10 kg  1 Minute Control  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  1 Minute Treatment  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  +  Nylon polymeric particles 10 kg  XPS results for alwninwn oxide removal  Sample  Treatment  Can 6  2 Minute Treatment  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  +  Nylon polymeric particles  10 kg  Can 7  1 Minute Control  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  Can 8  1 Minute Treatment  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  +  Nylon polymeric particles  10 kg  Aluminum  Oxide  Area  (%)  83.30  96.64  66.59  Aluminum  Metal  Area  (%)  16.71  3.36  33.41  Aluminum  Oxide  layer  Thickness  (nm)  5.80  10.40  3.72  XPS results for aluminwn oxide removal  Sample  Treatment  Can 1  Control Can - No  Treatment  Can 2  Can Treated With Water  Only  Can 3  5 Minute Control  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  Can 4  5 Minute Treatment  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  +  Nylon polymeric particles  10 kg  Can 5  2 Minute Control  Water45 kg+  Citrate 500 g  +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  Alwninum  Oxide  Area  (%)  97.70  94.38  95.74  79.24  91.60  Aluminwn  Metal  Area  (%)  2.31  5.63  4.26  20.75  8.39  Alwninum  Oxide  layer  Thickness  (nm)  11.49  8.94  9.73  5.16  7.80  XPS results for cleaning efficiency  Sample  Treatment  Can 1  Can 2  Can 3  Can4  Can 5  Can 6  Control Can - No Treatment  Can Treated With Water Only  5 Minute Control  Water 45 kg+ Citrate 500 g +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  5 Minute Treatment  Water 45 kg+ Citrate 500 g +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g +  Nylon polymeric particles 10 kg  2 Minute Control  Water 45 kg+ Citrate 500 g +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g  2 Minute Treatment  Water 45 kg+ Citrate 500 g +  Non-ionic Surfactant 25 g +  Nylon polymeric particles 10 kg  Alwninum  Metal  Content  (%)  15.81  17.49  18.24  33.08  22.07  31.63  Alu- Carbon  minwn/  Content Carbon  (%)  Ratio  35.61  0.44  41.87  0.42  28.64  0.64  18.50  1.79  30.44  0.72  20.37  1.55 