Table 3: The different steps performed in testing the socioeconomic part of our model. For each step, the null hypothesis tested and the p-value resulting from the appropriate F-test are shown. All tests are performed conditionally on the results of the previous tests (Pval) Table 4: Restricted maximum likelihood estimates (REML) for all age and socioeconomic variables of the reduced final model with all variance components and their standard errors (s.e) Null hypothesis Pval H1 : γ$_{8}$ = 0 0.771 H2 : γ$_{9}$ = γ$_{10}$ 0.030 H3 : γ$_{9}$ = γ$_{11}$ 0.018 H4 : γ$_{10}$ = γ$_{11}$ < 0.001 H5 : γ$_{4}$ = γ$_{5}$ = γ$_{6}$ = γ$_{7}$ < 0.001 H6 : a : γ$_{4}$ = γ$_{5}$ < 0.001 b : γ$_{4}$ = γ$_{6}$ < 0.001 c : γ$_{4}$ = γ$_{7}$ 0.881 d : γ$_{5}$ = γ$_{6}$ < 0.001 e : γ$_{5}$ = γ$_{7}$ < 0.001 f : γ$_{6}$ = γ$_{7}$ 0.0103 H7 : γ$_{12}$ = γ$_{13}$ < 0.001 H8 : γ$_{1}$ = γ$_{2}$ = γ$_{3}$ < 0.001 H9 : a : γ$_{1}$ = γ$_{2}$ < 0.001 b : γ$_{1}$ = γ$_{3}$ < 0.001 c : γ$_{2}$ = γ$_{3}$ < 0.001 Effect Parameter REML Pval Income (ref: Mean sup) Well to do γ$_{1}$ 6.108 < 0.001 Mean inf γ$_{2}$ 2.760 < 0.001 Modest γ$_{3}$ -1.915 < 0.001 Region of residence (ref: Non coastal regions) Paris and North, Brittany, Vendee coast γ$_{4}$ = γ$_{7}$ 0.995 < 0.001 South west coast γ$_{5}$ 5.156 < 0.001 Mediterranean coast γ$_{6}$ 2.250 < 0.001 Occupation category of the principal household earner (ref: Blue collar workers and self employed persons) white collar workers γ$_{9}$ -3.745 < 0.001 retirees γ$_{10}$ -5.243 < 0.001 no activity γ$_{11}$ -1.871 0.005 Level of education of the principal household earner (ref: BAC and higher degree) student γ$_{12}$ 5.879 < 0.001 no or weak diploma γ$_{13}$ -1.279 < 0.001 REML s.e Variance of the random effect σ$_{u}$ 24.832 6.7316 Variance-covariance structure variance σ 2 1260705 282309 correlation ρ -0.22 0.0434 22