PIA TS 135  1.00 1.50 2.00 100 150 200 250 300 Multiplier Maximum Pack Opening Speed for Placard (KTAS) Airspeed Multiplier Weight Multiplier Resultant Kinetic Energy Factor 1.43  1.1  PIA TS-135 - Figure 1  Multiplier Factors for Structural Overload Testing  Per Paragraph 4.3.6 PIA TS-135 Figure 2  Direct Drop Tests  Per Paragraph 4.3.8.1  Test Speed  Test Weight  60 KEAS  85 KEAS  MPOS x 80%  MPOS x 100%  Minimum Operating  Weight  4  4  4  4  Averaged Operating  Weight*  4  4  4  4  Maximum Operating  Weight  4  4  4  4  Minimum Total (direct drop) Functional Tests Required  48  *Averaged Operating Weight is defined as (Maximum Operating Weight + Minimum Operating  Weight)/2 Average test weights shall be +/- 5%  Minimum test weights shall be +1%/-10%. Maximum test weights shall be +10%/-1%  Change 1 (December 2015)  A-38 PIA TS-135, Revision 1.4, Issued April 22, 2010, Page 13 of 18  DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: All Rights Reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Parachute Industry Association. PIA Headquarters, Parachute Certification St andards Committee, 3833 West Oakton Street, Skokie, IL 60076 Phone: 847-674-9742 Fax: 847-674-9743 or  website www.pia.com for contact details.  Disclaimer: This document is published by the PIA to provide technical and engineering standards that can be used by reference by all those who may benefit from them. The use of this document is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent or trademark infringement  arising there from, is the sole responsibility of the user. There may be errors, especially in numbers. PIA disclaims any responsibility for accuracy. The PIA reviews each technical publication periodically, at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or canceled. The PIA invites your written comments and suggestions.  Copyright © 2010 Parachute Industry Association. 