theorem [19, p. 367]. If M( T ) < ∞ , then M( S ) + M( ∂S ) < ∞ so S is normal by Definition 1.3.10. Figure 1.2: The flat norm indicates the unit circle T and inscribed n -gon T$_{n}$ are close because the region they bound has small area. T 1 T$_{8}$ (a) T and T$_{8}$ T 1 T$_{8}$ (b) T − T$_{8}$ T 1 T$_{8}$ (c) F ( T − T$_{8}$ ) ≤ M( S ) where ∂S = T T$_{8}$ 10