(b) The fair value above represents the implied fair value of the goodwill assigned to the five impaired markets in 2009 and four impaired  markets in 2008 for which we were required to calculate this amount. It excludes carrying values related to goodwill of $604.2 million  and $804.1 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for which we were not required to calculate the fair value.  The key assumptions used to determine the fair value of our reporting units to test our goodwill for impairment and to  determine the fair value of our broadcast licenses consist of discount rates, revenue and expense growth rates, constant growth  rates and comparable business multiples. The revenue and expense growth rates used in our goodwill impairment testing and the  revenue, expense and constant growth rates used in determining the fair value of our broadcast licenses have decreased slightly  from 2009 to 2010. However, the baseline cash flows to which these growth rates are applied have increased due to a stronger  than expected recovery in revenue in 2010. The growth rates are based on market studies, industry knowledge and historical  performance.  The discount rates used to determine the fair value of our reporting units to test our goodwill for impairment and to determine  the fair value of our broadcast licenses have slightly decreased from 2009 to 2010. The discount rate is based on a number of  factors including market interest rates, a weighted average cost of capital analysis based on the target capital structure for a  television station, and includes adjustments for market risk and company specific risk. The minimal decrease in the discount rate  is primarily due to a slight decrease in the general cost of equity in 2010. The comparable business multiple used to determine the fair value of our reporting units to test our goodwill for impairment  has not changed from 2009 to 2010 due to the lack of data from sales transactions in the market in the past two years. It is an  estimate of the multiple that would most likely be paid for a mature, cash flowing television station in the current marketplace. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the carrying amount of our broadcast licenses related to continuing operations was as  follows (in thousands):  The change in the carrying amount of goodwill related to continuing operations was as follows (in thousands):  Definite-lived intangible assets and other assets subject to amortization are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods  of 5 to 25 years. We analyze specific definite-lived intangibles for impairment when events occur that may impact their value in  accordance with the respective accounting guidance for long-lived assets. There was no impairment charge recorded for the years  ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. 2010 2009 Balance as of January 1, $ 1,073,590  $ 1,073,590  Accumulated impairment losses  (413,573)  (249,402)  660,017  824,188  Impairment losses (a)  —  (164,171)  Balance as of December 31,  Goodwill  1,073,590  1,073,590  Accumulated impairment losses  (413,573)  (413,573)  $ 660,017  $ 660,017  As of December 31, 2010 2009 Beginning balance $ 51,988  $ 132,422  Broadcast license impairment charge (a)  (4,613)  (80,434)  Ending balance (b)  $ 47,375  $ 51,988  (a) In 2010 and 2009, an impairment of $0.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively, was recorded against purchase option assets  included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. These purchase options give us the right to purchase the license assets  of certain stations.  (b) Approximately $4.2 million and $4.3 million of broadcast licenses relate to consolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2010 and  2009, respectively.  (a) In 2009, all of the goodwill impairment charge related to our broadcast segment. 2010 Annual Report    43 