There is also no assurance that the costs of complying with current laws and regulations, or those that may be adopted in  the future, that relate to health, safety and product liability matters will not adversely impact us.  There is also a risk of warranty  and product liability claims, as well as product recalls, if our products fail to perform to specifications or cause property  damage, injury or death, including a risk that asbestos-related product liability claims could result in increased liabilities. (See  Notes 15 and 16 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information on warranties and product  liabilities.) We recognize the increasing volume of cyber attacks and employ commercially practical ef forts to provide reasonable  assurance that the risks of such attacks are appropriately mitigated. Each year , we evaluate the threat profile of our industry to  stay abreast of trends and to provide reasonable assurance our existing countermeasures will address any new threats identified.  Despite our implementation of security measures, our IT  systems and those of our service providers are vulnerable to  circumstances beyond our reasonable control including acts of terror , acts of government, natural disasters, civil unrest and  denial of service attacks which may lead to the theft of our intellectual property , trade secrets or business disruption. To the  extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss or damage to our data or an inappropriate disclosure of  confidential information, it could cause significant damage to our reputation, af fect our relationships with our customers,  suppliers and employees, lead to claims against the company and ultimately harm our business.  Additionally, we may be  required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future. We contribute to certain multiemployer defined benefit pension plans for our union-represented employees in the U.S. in  accordance with our collective bargaining agreements. Contributions are based on hours worked except in cases of layof f or  leave where we generally contribute based on 40 hours per week for a maximum of one year . The plans are not fully funded as  of December 31, 2014. We could be held liable to the plans for our obligation, as well as those of other employers, due to our  participation in the plans. Contribution rates could increase if the plans are required to adopt a funding improvement plan, if the  performance of plan assets does not meet expectations or as a result of future collectively bar gained wage and benefit  agreements. (See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information on multiemployer  pension plans.) A failure of our information technology infrastructure could adversely impact our business and operations. We participate in certain multiemployer pension plans which are not fully funded. Changes in interest rates and asset returns could increase our pension funding obligations and reduce our profitability. We have unfunded obligations under certain of our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.  The  valuation of our future payment obligations under the plans and the related plan assets are subject to significant adverse  changes if the credit and capital markets cause interest rates and projected rates of return to decline. Such declines could also  require us to make significant additional contributions to our pension plans in the future. A material increase in the unfunded  obligations of these plans could also result in a significant increase in our pension expense in the future. Our provision for income taxes and the cash outlays required to satisfy our income tax obligations in the future could be  adversely affected by numerous factors.These factors include changes in the level of earnings in the tax jurisdictions in which  we operate, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets, changes in our plans to repatriate the earnings of our non-U.S.  operations to the U.S. and changes in tax laws and regulations. Our income tax returns are subject to examination by federal,  state and local tax authorities in the U.S. and tax authorities outside the U.S.The results of these examinations and the ongoing  assessments of our tax exposures could also have an adverse ef fect on our provision for income taxes and the cash outlays  required to satisfy our income tax obligations. We may incur additional tax expense or become subject to additional tax exposure. Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited. Net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) approximating $1,235 were available at December 31, 2014 to reduce future U.S.  income tax liabilities. Our ability to utilize these NOLs may be limited as a result of certain change of control provisions of the  U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code). Of this amount, NOLs of approximately $677 are treated as losses  incurred before the change of control upon emer gence from Chapter 11 and are limited to annual utilization of $84.  The balance  of our NOLs, treated as incurred subsequent to the change in control, is not subject to limitation as of December 31, 2014.  However, there can be no assurance that trading in our shares will not ef fect another change in control under the Code, which  would further limit our ability to utilize our available NOLs. Such limitations may cause us to pay income taxes earlier and in  greater amounts than would be the case if the NOLs were not subject to limitation. 9