3  5,744,650  4  DISCLOSURE  OF  THE  INVENTION  This  invention  further  relates  in  part  to  an  improved  hydroformylation  process  which  comprises  (i)  reacting  in  at  least  one  reaction  zone  one  or  more  olefinic  unsaturated  compounds  with  carbon  monoxide  and  hydrogen  in  the  presence  of  a  metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  optionally  free  organopolyphosphite  ligand  to  produce  a  reaction  product  fluid  comprising  one  or  more  aldehydes  and  (ii)  separating  in  at  least  one  separation  zone  or  in  said  at  least  one  reaction  zone  the  one  or  more  aldehydes  from  said  reaction  product  fluid.  wherein  said  reaction  product  fluid  contains  at  least  some  organomono› phosphite  ligand  formed  during  said  hydroformylation  process.  the  improvement  comprising  preventing  and/or  This  invention  further  relates  in  part  to  an  improved  hydroformylation  process  which  comprises  (i)  reacting  in  at  least  one  reaction  zone  one  or  more  olefinic  unsaturated  compounds  with  carbon  monoxide  and  hydrogen  in  the  presence  of  a  metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  optionally  free  organopolyphosphite  ligand  to  produce  a  reaction  product  fluid  comprising  one  or  more  aldehydes  and  (ii)  separating  in  at  least  one  separation  zone  or  in  said  at  least  one  reaction  zone  the  one  or  more  This  invention  also  relates  in  part  to  a  hydroformylation  process  which  comprises  reacting  one  or  more  olefinic  unsaturated  compounds  with  carbon  monoxide  and  hydro› gen  in  the  presence  of  $_{a }$metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  optionally  free  organopolyphosphite  ligand  to  produce  a  reaction  product  fluid  comprising  one  or  more  aldehydes.  wherein  said  hydroformylation  process  is  conducted  at  (a)  a  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  such  that  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  increases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  decreases  and  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  decreases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  increases  and  which  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  deactivation  of  $_{the }$metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  com› plex  catalyst  and  (b)  a  temperature  such  that  the  temperature  difference  between  reaction  product  fluid  temperature  and  inlet  coolant  temperature  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  cycling  of  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure.  hydro- gen  partial  pressure.  total  reaction  pressure.  hydroformyla› tion  reaction  rate  and/or  temperature  during  said  hydro› formylation  process.  This  invention  also  relates  in  part  to  an  improved  hydro› f  ormylation  process  which  comprises  (i)  reacting  in  at  least  one  reaction  zone  one  or  more  olefinic  unsaturated  com› pounds  with  carbon  monoxide  and  hydrogen  in  the  presence  of  $_{a }$metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  optionally  free  organopolyphosphite  ligand  to  produce  a  reaction  product  fluid  comprising  one  or  more  aldehydes  and  (ii)  separating  in  at  least  one  separation  zone  or  in  said  at  least  one  reaction  zone  the  one  or  more  aldehydes  from  said  reaction  product  fluid,  wherein  said  reaction  product  fluid  contains  at  least  some  organomonophosphite  ligand  formed  during  said  hydroformylation  process,  the  improvement  comprising  conducting  said  hydroformylation  process  at  (a)  a  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  such  that  hydroformy› lation  reaction  rate  increases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  decreases  and  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  decreases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  increases  and  which  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  coordination  of  the  organomonophosphite  ligand  with  said  metal› organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  (b)  a  temperature  such  that  the  temperature  difference  between  reaction  product  fluid  temperature  and  inlet  coolant  tem› perature  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  cycling  of  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure.  hydrogen  partial  pressure.  total  reaction  pressure.  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  and/  or  temperature  during  said  hydrofonnylation  process.  This  invention  relates  in  part  to  a  process  which  com› prises  reacting  one  or  more  reactants  in  the  presence  of  a  metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  optionally  free  organopolyphosphite  ligand  to  produce  a  reaction  product  fluid  comprising  one  or  more  products,  wherein  said  process  is  conducted  at  (a)  a  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  such  that  reaction  rate  increases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  decreases  and  reaction  rate  decreases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  increases  and  which  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  deactivation  of  $_{the }$metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  (b)  a  temperature  such  that  the  temperature  difference  between  reaction  product  fluid  temperature  and  inlet  coolant  temperature  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  cycling  of  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure.  hydrogen  partial  pressure,  total  reaction  pressure.  reaction  rate  and/or  temperature  during  said  process.  This  invention  yet  further  relates  in  part  to  a  hydroformy› lation  process  which  comprises  reacting  one  or  more  olefinic  unsaturated  compounds  with  carbon  monoxide  and  hydro› gen  in  the  presence  of  $_{a }$rnetal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  optionally  free  organopolyphosphite  ligand  to  produce  a  reaction  product  fluid  comprising  one  or  more  aldehydes.  wherein  said  hydroformylation  process  is  conducted  at  a  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  such  that  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  increases  as  carbon  monox› ide  partial  pressure  decreases  and  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  decreases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  increases  and  which  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  deactivation  of  $_{the }$metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst.  It  has  been  discovered  that  deactivation  of  metal› organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalysts  caused  by  an  inhibiting  or  poisoning  organomonophosphite  can  be  reversed  or  at  least  minimized  by  carrying  out  hydroformy› lation  processes  in  a  reaction  region  where  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  is  sufficiently  high  that  the  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  is  of  a  negative  or  inverse  order  in  carbon  monoxide  and  which  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  deactivation  of  $_{the }$metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  com› plex  catalyst  and  at  a  temperature  such  that  the  temperature  difference  between  reaction  product  fluid  temperature  and  inlet  coolant  temperature  is  sufficient  to  prevent  and/or  lessen  cycling  of  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure,  hydro› gen  partial  pressure.  total  reaction  pressure,  hydroformyla› tion  reaction  rate  and/or  temperature  during  said  hydro- formylation  process.  aldehydes  from  said  reaction  product  fluid,  the  improvement  comprising  preventing  and/or  lessening  deactivation  of  the  metal-organopolyphosphite  ligand  complex  catalyst  and  preventing  and/or  lessening  cycling  of  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure,  hydrogen  partial  pressure.  total  reaction  pressure.  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  and/or  temperature  during  said  hydroformylation  process  by  conducting  said  hydroformylation  process  at  (a)  a  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  such  that  hydroformylation  reaction  rate  increases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  decreases  and  hydro› formylation  reaction  rate  decreases  as  carbon  monoxide  partial  pressure  increases  and  (b)  a  temperature  such  that  the  temperature  difference  between  reaction  product  fluid  tem› perature  and  inlet  coolant  temperature  is  less  than  about  25°  c.  tion  of  hydroformylation  process  parameters  would  be  highly  desirable  to  the  art. 