Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Ground Operations..............................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Preflight Assessment of the Aircraft..............................2-2 Visual Preflight Assessment.......................................2-3 Outer Wing Surfaces and Tail Section .......................2-5 Fuel and Oil ................................................................2-6 Landing Gear, Tires, and Brakes................................2-8 Engine and Propeller ..................................................2-9 Risk and Resource Management....................................2-9 Risk Management.....................................................2-10 Identifying the Hazard ..........................................2-10 Risk .......................................................................2-10 Risk Assessment ...................................................2-10 Risk Identification ................................................2-10 Introduction to Flight Training ...........................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Role of the FAA.............................................................1-2 Flight Standards Service ................................................1-5 Role of the Pilot Examiner.............................................1-6 Role of the Flight Instructor...........................................1-7 Sources of Flight Training .............................................1-8 Practical Test Standards (PTS) and Airman  Certification Standards (ACS)..................................1-10 Safety of Flight Practices .........................................1-11 Collision Avoidance .............................................1-11 Runway Incursion Avoidance...............................1-12 Stall Awareness ....................................................1-12 Use of Checklists ..................................................1-13 Positive Transfer of Controls................................1-15 Chapter Summary ........................................................1-15 Risk Mitigation .....................................................2-10 Resource Management..........................................2-11 Ground Operations.......................................................2-11 Engine Starting.............................................................2-12 Hand Propping .............................................................2-13 Taxiing .........................................................................2-14 Before-Takeoff Check .................................................2-17 Takeoff Checks ............................................................2-18 After-Landing ..............................................................2-18 Clear of Runway and Stopped .....................................2-18 Parking .........................................................................2-19 Engine Shutdown .........................................................2-19 Post-Flight....................................................................2-19 Securing and Servicing.............................................2-19 Chapter Summary ........................................................2-19 vii Basic Flight Maneuvers ......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 The Four Fundamentals .................................................3-2 Effect and Use of the Flight Controls ............................3-2 Feel of the Airplane....................................................3-4 Attitude Flying ...............................................................3-4 Integrated Flight Instruction ..........................................3-5 Straight-and-Level Flight...............................................3-6 Straight Flight.............................................................3-7 Level Flight ................................................................3-8 Trim Control ................................................................3-10 Level Turns ..................................................................3-10 Turn Radius ..............................................................3-12 Establishing a Turn...................................................3-13 Climbs and Climbing Turns.........................................3-16 Establishing a Climb ................................................3-17 Climbing Turns ........................................................3-18 Descents and Descending Turns ..................................3-19 Glides ...........................................................................3-20 Gliding Turns ...........................................................3-21 Chapter Summary ........................................................3-23 Preface....................................................................iii Acknowledgments..................................................v Table of Contents .................................................vii