MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 3.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column ......................................................................... 328 3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column ............................................... 328 3.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group .............................................................................. 329 3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column ............................ 329 3.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables ................................................................................. 330 3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys ................................................................................................ 331 3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys ......................................................................................... 332 3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day ...................................................................................... 333 3.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT ..................................................................................... 333 3.7 Using MySQL with Apache ............................................................................................... 336 4 MySQL Programs ........................................................................................................................ 337 4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs .......................................................................................... 338 4.2 Using MySQL Programs ................................................................................................... 342 4.2.1 Invoking MySQL Programs ..................................................................................... 342 4.2.2 Specifying Program Options ................................................................................... 343 4.2.3 Command Options for Connecting to the Server ...................................................... 356 4.2.4 Connecting to the MySQL Server Using Command Options ...................................... 364 4.2.5 Connecting to the Server Using URI-Like Strings or Key-Value Pairs ......................... 367 4.2.6 Connecting to the Server Using DNS SRV Records ................................................. 374 4.2.7 Connection Transport Protocols .............................................................................. 375 4.2.8 Connection Compression Control ............................................................................ 377 4.2.9 Setting Environment Variables ................................................................................ 381 4.3 Server and Server-Startup Programs ................................................................................. 382 4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server ................................................................................ 382 4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script .......................................................... 382 4.3.3 mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script ......................................................... 388 4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers ................................................... 391 4.4 Installation-Related Programs ............................................................................................ 395 4.4.1 comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File .................................................... 395 4.4.2 mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security ............................ 396 4.4.3 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup — Create SSL/RSA Files ....................................................... 400 4.4.4 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables ................................................. 403 4.4.5 mysql_upgrade — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables ............................................ 404 4.5 Client Programs ................................................................................................................ 414 4.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client ............................................................ 414 4.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program ......................................... 448 4.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program ......................................................... 461 4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program ........................................................... 472 4.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program ................................................................... 501 4.5.6 mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program ........................................................... 511 4.5.7 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information ............................. 531 4.5.8 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client .................................................................... 539 4.6 Administrative and Utility Programs ................................................................................... 552 4.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility ................................................ 552 4.6.2 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility ............................................ 555 4.6.3 myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information ............................................. 560 4.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility .................................................... 561 4.6.5 myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents .................................................... 579 4.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables ......................... 580 4.6.7 mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility ................................................. 586 4.6.8 mysql_migrate_keyring — Keyring Key Migration Utility ............................................ 592 4.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files .............................................. 598 4.6.10 mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files ............................................ 625 4.7 Program Development Utilities .......................................................................................... 627 v