Chapter 10 — Airport Traffic Patterns Chapter 8 — Airspace Classification and Requirements Chapter 11 — Approaches and Landings Chapter 12 — Night, Abnormal, and  Emergency Procedures Chapter 9 — Ground Reference Maneuvers vii Rejected Takeoff/Engine Failure........................7-7 Runway Surface and Gradient ...........................7-8 Takeoff Performance..........................................7-8 Noise Abatement................................................7-9 Controlled Airspace ...........................................8-1 Class A Airspace ................................................8-1 Class B Airspace ................................................8-2 Class C Airspace ................................................8-3 Class D Airspace ................................................8-3 Class E Airspace ................................................8-3 Uncontrolled Airspace: Class G Airspace ..........................................................8-4 Special Use Airspace..........................................8-4 Prohibited Areas.................................................8-4 Restricted Areas .................................................8-4 Warning Areas....................................................8-4 Military Operation Areas ...................................8-5 Alert Areas .........................................................8-5 Controlled Firing Areas......................................8-5 Other Airspace Areas .........................................8-5 Airport Advisory Areas ......................................8-5 Military Training Routes....................................8-5 Temporary Flight Restrictions ...........................8-5 Parachute Jump Areas ........................................8-5 Published VFR Routes .......................................8-6 Terminal Radar Service Areas............................8-6 National Security Areas .....................................8-6 Flight Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas......................8-6 Powered Parachute Operations ..........................8-6 PPC and Air Traffic Control  ...............................8-6 Navigating the Airspace.....................................8-7 Purpose and Scope .............................................9-1 Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects ...............................................9-1 Drift and Ground Track Control ........................9-2 Rectangular Course............................................9-4 S-Turns Across a Road.......................................9-6 Turns Around a Point .........................................9-8 Airport Traffic Patterns and  Operations.....................................................10-1 Standard Airport Traffic Patterns  .....................10-2 Normal Approach and Landing........................11-1 Base Leg...........................................................11-1 Final Approach.................................................11-2 Estimating Height and Movement ...................11-3 Roundout..........................................................11-3 Wing Control....................................................11-4 Touchdown.......................................................11-5 After-Landing Roll...........................................11-6 Stabilized Approach Concept...........................11-7 Go-Arounds (Rejected Landings) ....................11-8 Turbulent Air Approach and Landing ..............11-9 Emergency Approach and Landings (Simulated)....................................................11-9 Faulty Approaches and Landings...................11-11 Low Final Approach.................................11-11 High Final Approach................................11-11 Use of Power............................................11-11 High Roundout.........................................11-11 Bouncing During Touchdown ..................11-12 Hard Landing ...........................................11-12 Wing Blowing Over After Touchdown ....11-13 Night Operations and the Powered Parachute..........................................................12-1 Emergency Situations ......................................12-1 Accidents....................................................12-2 Potential Hazards of the Standing PPC............12-2 Restricted Lines During the Takeoff Roll ........12-3 Entangled or Embedded Lines ...................12-3 Lines Caught Under a Wheel .....................12-3 A Wing Wall.....................................................12-3 A Wing Lock-Out.............................................12-3 Wing Not Centered Overhead..........................12-4 The Cart Turns Over (Roll-Over) ....................12-4 Engine Failure on Climbout.............................12-5 Engine Failure in Flight ...................................12-6 Engine Failure in a PPCL.................................12-6 In-Flight Fire....................................................12-7