move the CG outside of its allowable limits. To determine  this, adverse-loaded CG checks must be performed and  the results noted in the weight and balance revision sheet.  [Figure 7-3] To conduct an aft or rearward CG check, make a chart that  includes the empty weight and EWCG of the aircraft after  the alteration and all occupants and items of the load behind  the aft CG limit of 46.0. The pilot is in front of this limit but  is essential for flight and must be included. In this example,  only the pilot occupies the front seats. Since the CG of the  fuel is behind the aft limit, full fuel is used, as well as the  nominal weight (170 lb) for both rear seat passengers and  the maximum allowable baggage. To conduct a forward CG check, make a chart that includes  the airplane and any occupants and items of the load located  in front of the forward CG limit. Include only those items  behind the forward limit that are essential to flight: the pilot,  and the minimum fuel. In this example, the pilot, whose nominal weight is 170  pounds, is behind forward CG limit. The fuel also  behind the forward limit, so the minimum fuel is used. For  weight and balance purposes, the minimum fuel is no more  than the quantity needed for one-half hour of operation at  rated maximum continuous power. This is considered to  be  1 ⁄12 gallon for each maximum except takeoff (METO)  horsepower. Because aviation gasoline weighs 6 pounds per  gallon, determine the number of pounds of the minimum fuel  by dividing the METO horsepower by two. In this example,  minimum fuel is 115 pounds. The front and rear seats and the  baggage are all behind the forward CG limit, so no passengers  or baggage are considered. Under these loading conditions, the CG is located at +45.8,  which is ahead of the aft limit of +46.0.  [Figure 7-10]  With  only the pilot in front of the aft CG limit and maximum of all  items behind the aft limit, the CG is at +45.8 inches, which  is ahead of the aft limit of +46.0 inches. It is possible to load most modern airplanes so the CG  shifts outside of the allowable limit. Placards and loading  instructions in the weight and balance data inform the pilot  of the restrictions that prevent such a shift from occurring.  A typical placard in the baggage compartment of an airplane  is shown in  Figure 7-11 . When the CG of an aircraft falls  outside of the limits, it can usually be brought back in by  using ballast. Make a chart like the one in  Figure 7-9  to determine the CG  with the aircraft loaded for its most forward CG. With the  load consisting of only a pilot and the minimum fuel, the CG  is +36.6, which is behind the most forward allowable limit  for this weight of +33.0. When rear row of seats is occupied, 120 pounds of  baggage or ballast must be carried in forward baggage  compartment. For additional loading instruction,  see Weight and Balance Data. Figure 7-11.  Typical baggage compartment placard. Ballast Aft Adverse-Load CG Check Forward Adverse-Load CG Check Item Weight (lb) Arm (in) Moment (lb-in) Most forward CG +33.0 67,798.6 5,780.0 5,520.0 79,098.6 +36.6 Airplane (empty) Pilot Fuel (minimum) Total 1,876.0 170.0 115.0 2,161.0 36.14 34.0 48.0 x = Item Weight (lb) Arm (in) Moment (lb-in) Most Aft CG +46.0 67,798.6 5,780.0 25,449.6 25,160.0 9,700.0 6,960.0 140,848.2 +45.8 Airplane (empty) Pilot Fuel (full tanks – 88 gal) Rear seat occupants (2) Baggage A Baggage B Total 1,876.0 170.0 528.0 340.0 100.0 60.0 3,074.0  36.14 34.0  48.2  74.0  97.0  116.0 x = Figure 7-9.  Load conditions for forward adverse-load CG check. Figure 7-10.  Load conditions for aft adverse-load CG check. 7-7