We initiated a program in September 2014 under which certain former U.S. employees with vested pension benefits were  offered lump sum payments to settle their pension obligations.The same participants were also offered the option to begin  receiving monthly benefits soon after the program ended – earlier than previously allowed under the related plans. This  voluntary program ended in early November with  71% of the participants in the program accepting accelerated payments.The  lump sum payments were made in December. Together with routine settlements occurring in the U.S. throughout 2014, these  actions resulted in the distribution of plan assets of  $133 to effect settlement of the related obligations.  We charged earnings for  $36 to write off a pro rata portion of the cumulative actuarial loss related to the settled obligations. Because of dif ferences in  valuation methods, the reduction in pension obligations exceeded the assets distributed by  $38, which was credited to other  comprehensive income as a component of the actuarial loss for 2014. During the fourth quarter of 2014, a defined benefit pension plan in Canada distributed the remainder of its assets in  accordance with the related agreement. We incurred a charge of $6 to write off the remaining unrecognized pension expense  related to this plan. The other elements of the 2014 actuarial loss resulted from changes in assumptions and investment returns. Reducing our  discount rate at the end of 2014 caused an increase in the U.S. pension benefit obligation and an actuarial loss of  $165. During  the fourth quarter of 2014, the Society of  Actuaries (SOA) issued new mortality tables (RP-2014) and mortality improvement  scales (MP-2014). After studying our recent experience and evaluating the new tables, we adopted the RP-2014 Blue Collar  table for hourly participants and the No Collar table for salaried participants in our U.S. plans. With respect to the  improvement scales, the SOA had projected improvement from the beginning of 2008 after analyzing historical data through  2007. We compared actual experience for years after 2007 to the improvement projected in MP-2014 and, in concert with our  actuarial advisers, considered other relevant data before concluding that a  0.75% long-term improvement rate (LTIR) for  periods beginning with 2014 was appropriate and that the L TIR would be attained by 2020, sooner than the period assumed in  MP-2014. Adopting the new mortality assumptions in 2014 caused an increase in our pension obligations and an actuarial loss  of $83. The actual return on U.S. plan assets provided a partial of fset to these losses as it exceeded the assumed return by  $119.  Aggregate funding levels  — The following table presents information regarding the aggregate funding levels of our defined  benefit pension plans at December 31: At December 31, 2014, benefit obligations of $268 for certain non-U.S. pension plans and $110 for OPEB benefits are in  plans that are not required to be funded. 64 2014 2013 U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. Plans with fair value of plan assets in excess of obligations: Accumulated benefit obligation $ — $ 14 $ 15 $ 14 Projected benefit obligation 14 15 15 Fair value of plan assets 16 16 22 Plans with obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets: Accumulated benefit obligation 1,823 283 1,790 266 Projected benefit obligation 1,823 311 1,790 298 Fair value of plan assets 1,622 28 1,633 20 Pension Benefits 2014 2013 OPEB - Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. 2014 2013 Amounts recognized in AOCI: Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 491 $ 103 $ 452 $ 58 $ (9) $ (20) Prior service cost 3 10 Gross amount recognized 491 106 452 68 (9) (20) Deferred tax benefits (25) (16) 3 5 Noncontrolling and equity interests (1) Net amount recognized $ 491 $ 81 $ 452 $ 51 $ (6) $ (15) Amounts recognized in AOCI  —