Nov. 17,  2016  16  US 2016/0334706 Al  so that a hydroxyl radical, cyano radical, carbonyl radical,  ether bond, ester bond, sulfonic acid ester bond, carbonate  bond, lactone ring, sultone ring, carboxylic acid anhydride,  or haloalkyl radical may form or intervene.  [0063]  Exemplary of the structure of the anion moiety in  formula (6a) are the anion moieties described in JP-A  2014-177407, paragraphs [0100] to [0101].  [0064]  In formula (6b ), examples of the divalent hydro› carbon group represented by L" include linear alkane diyl  groups such as methylene, ethylene, propane-1,3-diyl,  butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl, heptane- 1,7-diyl, octane-1,8-diyl, nonane-1,9-diyl, decane-1,1O-diyl,  undecane-1,11-diyl,  dodecane-1,12-diyl,  tridecane-1,13- diyl, tetradecane-1, 14-diyl, pentadecane-1, 15-diyl, hexade› cane-1, 16-diy 1,  heptadecane-1, 17 -diy 1;  saturated  cyclic  hydrocarbon groups  such as  cyclopentanediyl, cyclo› hexanediyl,  norbomanediyl,  and adamantanediyl;  and  unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as phenylene  and naphthylene. Also included are the foregoing groups in  which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkyl  group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl or tert-butyl.  Alternatively, in the foregoing groups, a heteroatom such as  oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen intervenes between carbon atoms,  so that a hydroxyl radical, cyano radical, carbonyl radical,  ether bond, ester bond, sulfonic acid ester bond, carbonate  bond, lactone ring, sultone ring, carboxylic acid anhydride  or haloalkyl radical may form.  [0065]  In formula (6b ), examples of the alkyl, alkenyl and  aryl groups represented by R  11 ,  R  12  and R  13  include methyl,  ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert› pentyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,  2-ethylhexyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclo› hexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, norbornyl, oxanorbomyl, tri› cyclo[5.2.l.O2•6]decanyl, adamantyl, phenyl and naphthyl.  Also included are the foregoing groups in which at least one  hydrogen atom is replaced by a heteroatom such as oxygen,  sulfur, nitrogen or halogen, or in which a heteroatom such as  oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen intervenes between carbon atoms,  so that a hydroxyl radical, cyano radical, carbonyl radical,  ether bond, ester bond, sulfonic acid ester bond, carbonate  bond, lactone ring, sultone ring, carboxylic acid anhydride,  or haloalkyl radical may form or intervene. Inter alia,  optionally substituted arylene groups are preferred. Any two  or more ofR 11 ,  R 12  andR 13  may bond together to form a ring  with the sulfur atom. Examples of the ring structure are  shown below.  Herein R  600  is a monovalent hydrocarbon group as defined  and exemplified for R  11 , $_{R }$12 and R  13 .  [0066]  Exemplary structures of the sulfonium cation hav› ing formula (6b) are shown below, but not limited thereto.  I  R6oo  I  R6oo  0  I  R6oo  CX S+  #  I  R6oo  0  II  CX SX)~  S+  #  I  R6oo  0  0  ~#  CX SX)~  S+  #  I  R6oo  CX OX)~  S+  #  I  R6oo  ~  I  R6oo  ~  I  R6oo  -continued 