Human factors science, or human factors technologies, is a multidisciplinary field incorporating  contributions from psychology, engineering, industrial design, statistics, operations research, and  anthropometry. It is a term that covers the science of understanding the properties of human  capability, the application of this understanding to the design, development and deployment of  systems and services, and the art of ensuring successful application of human factor principles into all  aspects of aviation to include pilots, ATC, and aviation maintenance. Human factors is often considered  synonymous with CRM or maintenance resource management (MRM) but is really much broader in  both its knowledge base and scope. Human factors involves gathering research specific to certain  situations (i.e., flight, maintenance, stress levels, knowledge) about human abilities, limitations, and  other characteristics and applying it to tool design, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments  to produce safe, comfortable, and effective human use. The entire aviation community benefits greatly  from human factors research and development as it helps better understand how humans can most  safely and efficiently perform their jobs and improve the tools and systems in which they interact. An understanding of the decision-making process provides the pilot with a foundation for developing  ADM and SRM skills. While some situations, such as engine failure, require an immediate pilot  response using established procedures, there is usually time during a flight to analyze any changes that  occur, gather information, and assess risks before reaching a decision. Risk management and risk intervention is much more than the simple definitions of the terms might  suggest. Risk management and risk intervention are decision-making processes designed to  systematically identify hazards, assess the degree of risk, and determine the best course of action.  These processes involve the identification of hazards, followed by assessments of the risks, analysis of  the controls, making control decisions, using the controls, and monitoring the results.  The steps leading to this decision constitute a decision-making process. Three models of a structured  framework for problem-solving and decision-making are the 5P, the 3P using PAVE, CARE and TEAM,  and the DECIDE models. They provide assistance in organizing the decision process. All these models  have been identified as helpful to the single pilot in organizing critical decisions.  Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) is about how to gather information, analyze it, and make  decisions. Learning how to identify problems, analyze the information, and make informed and  timely decisions is not as straightforward as the training involved in learning specific maneuvers.  Learning how to judge a situation and “how to think” in the endless variety of situations  encountered while flying out in the “real world” is more difficult. There is no one right answer in ADM, rather each pilot is expected to analyze each situation in light  of experience level, personal minimums, and current physical and mental readiness level, and make  his or her own decision.  The Perceive, Process, Perform (3P) model for ADM offers a simple, practical, and systematic  approach that can be used during all phases of flight. To use it, the pilot will: • Perceive the given set of circumstances for a flight • Process by evaluating their impact on flight safety • Perform by implementing the best course of action Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Guide  57 Perceive, Process, Perform (3P) Model The Decision-Making Process Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Chapter 10: Aeronautical Decision-Making and Judgment 