maneuvering speed does not provide structural protection  against multiple full control inputs in one axis or full control  inputs in more than one axis at the same time.  V$_{N0}$—the maximum speed for normal operation or the  maximum structural cruising speed. This is the speed at  which exceeding the limit load factor may cause permanent  deformation of the aircraft structure.  Performance charts allow a pilot to predict the takeoff, climb,  cruise, and landing performance of an aircraft. These charts,  provided by the manufacturer, are included in the AFM/POH.  Information the manufacturer provides on these charts has  been gathered from test flights conducted in a new aircraft,  under normal operating conditions while using average  piloting skills, and with the aircraft and engine in good  working order. Engineers record the flight data and create  performance charts based on the behavior of the aircraft  during the test flights. By using these performance charts,  a pilot can determine the runway length needed to take off  and land, the amount of fuel to be used during flight, and the  time required to arrive at the destination. It is important to  remember that the data from the charts will not be accurate  if the aircraft is not in good working order or when operating  under adverse conditions. Always consider the necessity to  compensate for the performance numbers if the aircraft is not  in good working order or piloting skills are below average.  V$_{NE}$—the speed that should  never  be exceeded. If flight is  attempted above this speed, structural damage or structural  failure may result.  Every chart is based on certain conditions and contains  notes on how to adapt the information for flight conditions.  It is important to read every chart and understand how to  use it. Read the instructions provided by the manufacturer.  For an explanation on how to use the charts, refer to the  example provided by the manufacturer for that specific chart.  [Figure 11-20]  Each aircraft performs differently and, therefore, has different  performance numbers. Compute the performance of the  aircraft prior to every flight, as every flight is different. (See  appendix for examples of performance charts for a Cessna  Model 172R and Challenger 605.)  The information manufacturers furnish is not standardized.  Information may be contained in a table format and  other information may be contained in a graph format.  Sometimes combined graphs incorporate two or more graphs  into one chart to compensate for multiple conditions of  flight. Combined graphs allow the pilot to predict aircraft  performance for variations in density altitude, weight,  and winds all on one chart. Because of the vast amount of  information that can be extracted from this type of chart, it  is important to be very accurate in reading the chart. A small  error in the beginning can lead to a large error at the end.  The remainder of this section covers performance information  for aircraft in general and discusses what information the  charts contain and how to extract information from the charts  by direct reading and interpolation methods. Every chart  contains a wealth of information that should be used when  flight planning. Examples of the table, graph, and combined  graph formats for all aspects of flight are discussed.  Performance Charts  11-19  ,  ,  ,  Figure 11-20.  Conditions notes chart. 