Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).  An accident whereby  an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, inadvertently flies  into terrain, an obstacle, or water. DUATS.  See direct user access terminal system. Course.  The intended direction of flight in the horizontal  plane measured in degrees from north. EFAS.  See En Route Flight Advisory Service. EFD.  See electronic flight display. Electronic flight display (EFD).  For the purpose of  standardization, any flight instrument display that uses LCD  or other image-producing system (cathode ray tube (CRT),  etc.) Emergency.  A distress or urgent condition. Crew resource management (CRM).  The application of  team management concepts in the flight deck environment.  It was initially known as cockpit resource management,  but as CRM programs evolved to include cabin crews,  maintenance personnel, and others, the phrase “crew resource  management” was adopted. This includes single pilots, as  in most general aviation aircraft. Pilots of small aircraft, as  well as crews of larger aircraft, must make effective use of  all available resources: human, hardware, and information.  A current definition includes all groups routinely working  with the flight crew who are involved in decisions required  to operate a flight safely. These groups include, but are  not limited to pilots, dispatchers, cabin crewmembers,  maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers. CRM  is one way of addressing the challenge of optimizing the  human/machine interface and accompanying interpersonal  activities. En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS).  An en route  weather-only AFSS service. External pressures.  Influences external to the flight that  create a sense of pressure to complete a flight—often at the  expense of safety. FAA.  Federal Aviation Administration. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).  An agency of the  United States Department of Transportation with authority  to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the  United States. CRM.  See crew resource management. DA.  See decision altitude. Flight director indicator (FDI).  One of the major  components of a flight director system, it provides steering  commands that the pilot (or the autopilot, if coupled)  follows. Dead reckoning.  Navigation of an airplane solely by means  of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind  direction and speed, groundspeed, and elapsed time. Flight level (FL).  A measure of altitude (in hundreds of feet)  used by aircraft flying above 18,000 feet with the altimeter  set at 29.92 "Hg. Flight management system (FMS).  Provides pilot and crew  with highly accurate and automatic long-range navigation  capability, blending available inputs from long- and short- range sensors. Flightpath.  The line, course, or track along which an aircraft  is flying or is intended to be flown. FMS.  See flight management system. General aviation.  All flights other than military and  scheduled airline flights, both private and commercial. GPS Landing System (GLS).  An instrument approach with  lateral and vertical guidance with integrity limits (similar to  barometric vertical navigation (Baro VNAV). DH.  See decision height. Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS).  A system  that provides current FAA weather and flight plan filing  services to certified civil pilots via personal computer,  modem, or telephone access to the system. Pilots can request  specific types of weather briefings and other pertinent data  for planned flights. Decision height (DH).  A specified altitude in the precision  approach, charted in height above threshold elevation,  at which a decision must be made either to continue the  approach or to execute a missed approach. Decision altitude (DA).  A specified altitude in the precision  approach, charted in feet MSL, at which a missed approach  must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue  the approach has not been established.  G-2