Additional information 350 Constructive obligation  is an obligation that derives from an  entity’s actions whereby an established pattern of past practice,  published policies or a sufficiently specific current statement, the  entity has indicated to other parties that it will accept certain  responsibilities, and as a result, the entity has created a valid  expectation on the part of those other parties that it will  discharge those responsibilities. Discretionary participation feature  is a contractual right to  receive, as a supplement to guaranteed benefits, additional  benefits: Credit risk  is the risk that one party to a financial instrument  will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the other party to  incur a financial loss. That are contractually based on: Currency exchange rate risk  is a market risk, namely the risk  that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to  changes in foreign exchange rates. Deferred tax assets  are amounts of income taxes recoverable  in future periods in respect of deductible temporary differences;  the carryforward of unused tax losses; and the carryforward of  unused tax credits. Deferred tax liabilities  are amounts of income taxes payable in  future periods in respect of taxable temporary differences. Defined benefit obligation  is the present value, without  deducting any plan assets, of expected future payments required  to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the  current and prior periods. Defined benefit plans  are post-employment benefit plans other  than defined contribution plans. Defined contribution plans  are post-employment benefit plans  under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate  entity (a fund) and will have no legal or constructive obligation  to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient  assets to pay all employee benefits relating to employee service  in the current and prior periods. Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost (DPAC)  – are the variable  costs related to the acquisition or renewal of insurance contracts  and investment contracts with discretionary participation  features. Deposit accounting method  includes amounts charged and paid  to customers directly into the financial liability and not through  the income statement as premium income and claims.  Derecognition  is the removal of a previously recognized asset or  financial liability from an entity’s statement of financial position. Derivatives  are financial instruments whose value changes in  response to an underlying variable, that require little or no net  initial investment and are settled at a future date.  Effective interest rate method  is a method of calculating the  amortized cost of a financial asset or liability and of allocating  the interest income or expense over the relevant period.  The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts  estimated future cash payments or receipts through the  expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate,  a shorter period to the net carrying amount of the financial asset  or liability.  Embedded derivative  is a component of a hybrid instrument  that also includes a non-derivative host contract, with the effect  that some of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in  a way similar to a derivative.  Equity instruments  are financial instruments issued by the  Group that are classified as equity if they evidence a residual  interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its  liabilities.  Equity method  is a method of accounting whereby the  investment is initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter  for the post-acquisition change in the investor’s share of net  assets of the investee. The profit or loss of the investor includes  the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee. Equity volatility  is the relative rate at which the price of equity  changes. Exchange differences  are differences resulting from translating  a given number of units of one currency into another currency at  different exchange rates. Finance lease  is a lease that transfers substantially all the risks  and rewards incident to ownership of an asset. Annual Report 2013 ■ That are likely to be a significant portion of the total  contractual benefits; ■ Whose amount or timing is contractually at the discretion of  the issuer; and ■ The performance of a specified pool of contracts or  a specified type of contract; ■ Realized and/or unrealized investment returns on a specified  pool of assets held by the issuer; or ■ The profit or loss of the company, fund or other entity that  issues the contract.