normal operation. Automation Management Chapter Summary 13-18 Automation management is the control and navigation of an  aircraft by means of the automated systems installed in the  aircraft. One of the most important concepts of automation  management is simply knowing when to use it and when not to. Ideally, a pilot first learns to perform practical test standard  (PTS) maneuvers and procedures in the aircraft manually,  or hand flying. After successfully demonstrating proficiency  in the basic maneuvers, the pilot is then introduced to the  available automation and/or the autopilot. Obviously, in some  aircraft, not all automated systems may be disengaged for  basic flight. The purpose of basic flight without automation is  to ensure the pilot can hand fly the maneuver when necessary. Advanced avionics offer multiple levels of automation, from  strictly manual flight to highly automated flight. No one level  of automation is appropriate for all flight situations, but to  avoid potentially dangerous distractions when flying with  advanced avionics, the pilot must know how to manage the  course indicator, the navigation source, and the autopilot.  It is important for a pilot to know the peculiarities of the  particular automated system in use. This ensures the pilot  knows what to expect, how to monitor for proper operation,  and promptly take appropriate action if the system does not  perform as expected. At the most basic level, managing the autopilot means  knowing at all times which modes are engaged and which  modes are armed to engage. The pilot needs to verify that  armed functions (e.g., navigation tracking or altitude capture)  engage at the appropriate time. Automation management is a  good place to practice the callout technique, especially after  arming the system to make a change in course or altitude.  Callouts are verbalizations of particular flight guidance  automation mode changes. In an attempt to reduce the risk  for mode confusion some operators have required flight  crews to callout all flight guidance automation mode changes  as a means of forcing pilots to monitor the Flight Mode  Annunciator (FMA). This chapter focused on aeronautical decision-making,  which includes SRM training, risk management, workload  or task management, SA, CFIT awareness, and automation  management. Factors affecting a helicopter pilot’s ability to  make safe aeronautical decisions were also discussed. The  importance of learning how to be aware of potential risks in  flying, how to clearly identify those risks, and how to manage  them successfully were also explored.