Jan.  23,  2014  14  US  2014/0021404 Al  ment was conducted using HC1O$_{4 }$ as an acid in methanol  solvent under the same conditions as Example 1 except for  atmosphere. The amount ofHClO$_{4 }$ was f=l .25. The products  were identified and the amounts of residual carbonate ions  were measured by FTIR, and the amounts of residual carbon› ate ions in both products were 3% or lower.  [0240]  Then, using NH$_{4}$Cl as ammonium salt, experiment  was conducted in methanol under the same conditions as  Example 9 except for atmosphere. The amount ofNH$_{4}$Cl was  f=3. The amount ofresidual carbonate ions in the product was  20%.  [0241]  In addition, using dimethylamine hydrochloride as  amine acid salt, experiment was conducted in ethanol under  the same conditions as Example 10 except for atmosphere.  The amount of dimethylamine hydrochloride was f=3. The  amount of residual carbonate ions in the product was 10%.  [0242]  The results described above indicate that when acids  were used, no effect of the atmosphere was observed whether  nitrogen gas flow or air flow adopted; however, when amine  acid salt were used, the atmosphere was found to have effect,  and the amount of residual carbonate ions was larger for the  reaction performed in air flow.  [0243]  Experiment was conducted regarding a case where  x- was CH$_{3}$Coo- (acetate ion). The obtained LDH is easily  anion-exchangeable acetate ion-type LDH.As an acidic com› pound, ammonium acetate (CH$_{3}$COONH$_{4}$ )  was used.  Ammonium acetate is represented as CH$_{3}$COOH.NH$_{3 }$ in  NRR’R".HX because R=R’=R"=H and X=CH$_{3}$COO.  The amount of ammonium acetate is represented as f=[H+]/  (2x[CO$_{3 }$$^{2}$-])=[CH$_{3}$COONH$_{4}$ ]/(2x[CO$_{3 }$ 2 -]).  [0244]  Reaction was performed in methanol containing  ammonium acetate (CH$_{3}$COONH$_{4}$ ). 100 mg (0.331 mmol) of  CO$_{3 }$$^{2}$-MgAl-LDH3 was poured in a three-neck flask, to  which 40 mL of methanol was added and dispersed ultrasoni› cally to prepare suspended liquid. While this suspended liq› uid was being agitated with a magnetic stirrer, a solution  prepared by dissolving ammonium acetate off=S (Cica spe› cial grade) (204.2 mg; 2.65 mmol) in 10 mL of methanol was  added to the liquid under nitrogen gas flow (0.5 Umin.)  Reaction was performed at room temperatures (20 to 25°  C.)  for 2 hours by agitating the co/-MgAl-LDH3 suspended  liquid under nitrogen gas flow using a magnetic stirrer. A  large amount of CO$_{2 }$due to decarbonation was found in outlet  nitrogen gas. By filtration and drying performed under the  same conditions as Example 1, white powder was obtained.  [0245]  FTIR confirmed generation of acetate ion-type  LDH, and no residual carbonate ions were found.  [0246]  Experiments were conducted under conditions  other than f=S described above, namely under f=4, 6, and 10  conditions. When f=4 and 6, slight amount of residual car› bonate ions was found. When f= 10, FTIR did not confirm the  existence of residual carbonate ions.  [0247]  When f=S and 10, the yield was quantitative, and  even when the amount 10 times that of the original was used,  no weight loss due to dissolution was found.  [0248]  For comparison, experiment was conducted using  sodium acetate, which has no ability to release protons, under  the same conditions. Sodium acetate of the amount equivalent  to f=[CH$_{3}$COONa ]/(2x[Co/-])=8, namely 217 .3 mg, was  used. To CO$_{3 }$$^{2}$-MgAl-LDH3 suspended liquid, methanol  solution of f=S sodium acetate was added while the liquid was  being agitated in nitrogen gas flow using a magnetic stirrer,  and reaction was performed at room temperatures (20 to 25°  C.) for 2 hours. No CO$_{2 }$was found in outlet nitrogen gas. By  filtration and drying conducted under the same conditions as  Experiment 1, white powder was obtained.  [0249]  Although FTIR confirmed inclusion of acetate ions  of several %, the profile was basically that of carbonate ion› type LDH.  [0250]  From the above, it is apparent that not all acetate  salts can be used but that efficient reactions are ensured only  when ammonium salt, namely an acidic compound, is used.  [0251]  Using acetic acid (X=CH$_{3}$COO in CH$_{3}$COOH.  HX) as an acidic compound, acetate ion-type LDH was syn› thesized by decarbonation under the same conditions as  Example 14. Reaction was performed for 1 to 2 hours at room  temperatures (20 to 25°  C.) using acetic acid of the amounts  f=[CH$_{3}$COOH]/(2x[CO$_{3 }$$^{2}$-])=2 and 3. In both cases (f=2 and  3), FTIR confirmed the generation of acetate ion-type LDH,  and no residual carbonate ions were found. Even when etha› nol was used instead of methanol ( experiment was conducted  under f=3 condition), acetate ion-type LDH was generated  and no residual carbonate ions were found.  [0252]  Using ammonium acetate of the amount equivalent  to f= 1, reaction was performed in nitrogen gas flow at 45°  C.  for 2 hours. Experiment was conducted using methanol as a  solvent and 100 mg of CO$_{3 }$$^{2}$-MgAl-LDH3 under the same  conditions as Example 14. Filtration and drying were con› ducted under the same conditions as Example 1, and white  powder was obtained.  [0253]  FTIR confirmed the generation of acetate ion-type  LDH, and no residual carbonate ions were found. When etha› nol was used as a solvent, acetate ion-type LDH was gener› ated at 45°  C. when the amount of ammonium acetate was  f=l, but existence of residual carbonate ions by approxi› mately 5% was found. When the amount of ammonium  acetate was increased to f=3, acetate ion-type LDH without  residual carbonate ions was synthesized by the reaction  caused at 40°  C. for 2 hours.  [0254]  Using methanol as a solvent and acetic acid of the  amount equivalent to f= 1, reaction was performed in nitrogen  gas flow at 45°  C. for 2 hours. Filtration and drying were  conducted under the same conditions as Example 1, and white  powder was obtained. FTIR confirmed the generation of  acetate ion-type LDH, and no residual carbonate ions were  found. Similarly, when ethanol was used as a solvent, acetate  ion-type LDH was generated at 45°  C.  Example 17  Acetic Acid-Methanol, Ethanol System; Heating  Example 16  Ammonium Acetate-Methanol, Ethanol System;  Heating  Example 14  Ammonium Acetate-Methanol, Ethanol System  Example 15  Synthesis of Acetate Ion-Type LDH Using Acetic  Acid 