1 NM  2 NM  V186  15  200 f eet  400 f eet  First  Significant  Obstacle  Clearway  TORA  TODA  TORA  ASDA  Stopway  75 Meters  (247 Feet)  Positive Course Guidance (PCG)  A continuous display of navigational data  that enables an aircraft to be flown along a  specific course line (e.g., radar vector,  RNAV, ground-based NAVAID). PCG must  be acquired within 10 NM for straight  departures and within 5 NM for departures  requiring turns.  Departure End of Runway (DER)  The end of runway available for the ground run of an aircraft  departure. The end of the runway that is opposite the landing  threshold, sometimes referred to as the stop end of the runway.  Takeoff Runway Available (TORA)  The length of runway declared available and suitable  for the ground run of an airplane takeoff.  Takeoff Distance Available (TODA)  The length of the takeoff runway available plus  the length of the clearway, if provided.  Accelerate-Stop Distance Available  (ASDA)  The runway plus stopway length  declared available and suitable for  the acceleration and deceleration  of an airplane aborting a takeoff.  Initial Climb Area (ICA)  The ICA is the segment of the departure procedure that  starts at the DER and proceeds along the runway  centerline extended to allow the aircraft sufficient distance  to reach an altitude of 400 feet above DER elevation and  to allow the establishment of positive course guidance by  all navigation systems. A typical straight departure ICA  extends 2-5 NM from the DER along the runway centerline  extended. It is 500 feet wide each side of the runway  centerline at DER, then spreads out at 15°.  Start End of Runway (SER)  The beginning of the takeoff runway available.  Approach End of Runway (AER)  The first portion of the runway available for landing.  If the runway threshold is displaced, the displaced  threshold latitude/longitude is the AER.  Landing Distance Available (LDA)  The length of runway that is declared available and  suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing.  TERPS Departure Procedures and  runway distance available terms.  48 ' 48  '  35 feet feet  152 feet 304 feet 96 feet R equir ed climb  g r adien t of 200 f t/NM  Obstacle clear anc e  sur fac e ( OCS)  Slope of 152 f t/NM or 40:1  Runway  Centerline Extended  M inimum assumed “ a t or abo v e ”  in t ended air cr af t climb pa th  Figure 1-16. New TERPS departure procedures.  Instrument departure procedures are preplanned IFR  procedures that provide obstruction clearance from  the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure.  Primarily, these procedures are designed to provide obstacle  protection for departing aircraft. There are two types of  Departure Procedures (DPs):  When an instrument approach is initially developed for an  airport, the need for an ODP is assessed. If an aircraft may  turn in any direction from a runway within the limits of the  assessment area and remain clear of obstacles that runway  passes what is called a diverse departure assessment, and  no ODP is published. A diverse departure assessment  ensures that a prescribed, expanding amount of required  obstacle clearance (ROC) is achieved during the climb-out  until the aircraft can obtain a minimum 1,000 feet ROC in  non-mountainous areas or a minimum 2,000 feet ROC in  mountainous areas. Unless specified otherwise, required  obstacle clearance for all departures, including diverse, is  based on the pilot crossing the departure end of the runway  (DER) at least 35 feet above the DER elevation, climbing to  400 feet above the DER elevation before making the initial  turn, and maintaining a minimum climb gradient of 200 ft/  NM, unless required to level off by a crossing restriction,  until the minimum IFR altitude is reached. Following ODP  assessment, a SID may still be established for the purposes  of ATC flow management, system enhancement, or noise  abatement.  The design of a departure procedure is based on FAA Order  8260.3, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument  Procedures (TERPS), which is a living document that is  updated frequently. Departure design criterion begins  with the assumption of an initial climb of 200 ft/NM after  crossing the DER at a height of at least 35 feet. [Figure 1-14]  The aircraft climb path assumption provides a minimum of  35 feet of additional obstacle clearance above the required  obstacle clearance (ROC), from the DER outward, to absorb  variations ranging from the distance of the static source to  the landing gear, to differences in establishing the minimum  200 ft/NM climb gradient, etc. The ROC is the planned  Departure Procedures  Design Criteria  •  Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODPs) and  •  Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs).  1-16 