The reason for choosing either of these two flat directions is twofold: 1. within MSSM, a non-trivial A -term arises, at the lowest order, only at n = 6 , and 2. we wish to obtain the correct COBE normalization of the CMB spectrum. Since LLe and udd are independently D - and F -flat, inflation could take place along any of them but also, at least in principle, simultaneously. The dynamics of multiple flat directions are however quite involved [286, 710]. Those MSSM flat directions which are lifted by operators with dimension n = 7 , 9 are such that the superpotential term contains at least two monomials, i.e. is of the type [325, 326, 407] W ∼ 1 M n − 3 P ΨΦ n − $^{1}$. (315) If φ represents the flat direction, then its VEV induces a large effective mass term for ψ , through Yukawa couplings, so that 〈 ψ 〉 = 0. Hence Eq. (315) does not contribute to the A -term. The scalar component of Φ superfield, denoted by φ , is given by φ = u + d + d √$_{3}$ , φ = L + L + e √$_{3}$ , (316) for the udd and LLe flat directions respectively. After minimizing the potential along the angular direction θ , we can situate the real part of φ by rotating it to the corresponding angles θ$_{min}$ . The scalar potential is then found to be [87, 88, 90] V ( φ ) = 1 2 m 2 $_{φ}$φ 2 − A λφ 6 6 M 6 P + λ $_{2}$φ 10 M 6 P , (317) where m$_{φ}$ and A are the soft breaking mass and the A -term respectively ( A is a positive quantity since its phase is absorbed by a redefinition of θ during the process). 2. Inflection point inflation Provided that 146 A 2 40 m 2 φ ≡ 1 + 4 α $^{2}$, (318)