Feb. 18,2021  4  US 2021/0048748 Al  or a  C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ saturated hydrocarbyl group.  R 3 B  is a  C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ saturated hydrocarbyl group or C$_{2}$-C$_{8 }$ unsaturated aliphatic  hydrocarbyl group.  group and C$_{2}$ -C$_{6 }$ saturated hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy group  are as exemplified above for the saturated hydrocarbyl  group.  [0049]  The C$_{2}$-C$_{8 }$ unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl group  may be straight, branched or cyclic and examples thereof  include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, butenyl, hexenyl, and  cyclohexeny  I.  [0050]  Suitable  CcC$_{12 }$ aryl groups include phenyl, tolyl,  xylyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl. Suitable C$_{7}$ -C$_{13 }$ aralkyl  groups include benzyl and phenethyl.  [0051]  Among others, R$^{1 }$is preferably selected from fluo› rine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, amino, C$_{1 }$-C$_{3 }$ saturated  hydrocarbyl  groups,  C$_{1 }$-C$_{3 }$ saturated  hydrocarbyloxy  groups, C$_{2}$-C$_{4 }$ saturated hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy groups,  -NR1A----C(=O)-R1B, and NR1A----C(=O)---O-R1B_  Groups R $^{1 }$may be identical or different when n is 2 or more.  [0055]  Examples of the saturated hydrocarbyl groups rep› resented by R 3 .  R 3 A  and  R 3 B  are as exemplified above for R  1 .  Examples of the saturated hydrocarbyl moiety in the satu› rated hydrocarbyloxy group, saturated hydrocarbyloxycar› bonyl group, saturated hydrocarbylcarbonyl group, saturated  hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy group, and saturated hydrocarb› ylsulfonyloxy group are as exemplified above for the satu› rated hydrocarbyl group R. The C$_{2}$ -C$_{8 }$ unsaturated aliphatic  hydrocarbyl group represented by  R 3 B  may be straight,  branched or cyclic and examples thereof are as exemplified  above for R  1 . Exemplary  CcC$_{10 }$ aryl groups include phenyl  and naphthyl.  [0056]  Examples of the cation in the iodized aromatic  ring-containing ammonium salt are shown below, but not  limited thereto.  [0052]  In formula (A). R 2  is hydrogen, nitro, or a C$_{1 }$-C$_{20 }$ hydrocarbyl group. The C$_{1 }$-C$_{20 }$hydrocarbyl group may be  saturated or unsaturated and straight, branched or cyclic.  Examples thereof include C$_{1 }$-C$_{20 }$ alkyl groups such as  methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec› butyl,  tert-butyl,  n-pentyl,  n-hexyl,  n-octyl,  n-nonyl,  n-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,  heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and icosyl; C$_{3}$-C$_{20 }$ satu› rated cyclic hydrocarbyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclo› pentyl,  cyclohexyl,  cyclopropylmethyl,  4-methylcyclo› hexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, norbornyl, and adamantyl; C$_{2}$ -C$_{20 }$ alkenyl groups such as vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, and hex› enyl; C$_{2}$ -C$_{20 }$unsaturated cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups  such as cyclohexenyl and norbornenyl; C$_{2}$-C$_{20 }$ alkynyl  groups such as ethynyl, propynyl and butynyl;  CcC$_{20 }$ aryl  groups such as phenyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, n-pro› pylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, n-butylphenyl, isobutylphenyl,  sec-butylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, naphthyl, methylnaph› thyl, ethylnaphthyl, n-propylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl,  n-butylnaphthyl, isobutylnaphthyl, sec-butylnaphthyl, and  tert-butylnaphthyl; C$_{7}$ -C$_{20 }$aralkyl groups such as benzyl and  phenethyl; and combinations thereof such as 2-cyclohexyl› ethynyl and 2-phenylethynyl. The hydrocarbyl group may  contain at least one moiety selected from hydroxyl, car› boxyl, thiol, ether bond, ester bond, nitro, cyano, halogen  and amino moiety.  [0053]  In case of p$^{1}$=1 or 2, R 2  may be the same or  different. Also in case of p$^{1}$=1 or 2, two R 2  may bond  together to form a ring with the nitrogen atom to which they  are attached, the ring optionally containing a double bond,  oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, or R 2  and X$^{1 }$may bond together  to form a ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are  attached, the ring optionally containing a double bond,  oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.  [0054]  In formula (A), R $^{3 }$is a hydroxyl group, optionally  fluorinated or chlorinated C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ saturated hydrocarbyl  group, optionally fluorinated or chlorinated C$_{1 }$-C$_{6 }$ saturated  hydrocarbyloxy group, optionally fluorinated or chlorinated  C$_{2}$ -C$_{6 }$ saturated hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl group, formyl  group, optionally fluorinated or chlorinated C$_{2}$ -C$_{6 }$ saturated  hydrocarbylcarbonyl group, optionally fluorinated or chlo› rinated C$_{2}$-C$_{6 }$ saturated hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy group,  optionally fluorinated or chlorinated C$_{1 }$-C$_{4 }$ saturated hydro› carbylsulfonyloxy group.  CcC$_{10 }$ aryl group, fluorine, chlo› rine, amino group, nitro group, cyano group,  -NR 3 A  ----C  (=0)-R 3 B, or  -NR$^{3}$A-(=0)0-R 3 B. R $^{3}$A  is hydrogen  d-<:  \_~  \_ 