Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH).  A document  developed by the aircraft manufacturer and contains the  Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) information or Aircraft  Operating Instructions (AOI) information. Pitch.  The rotation of a WSC about its lateral axis. Pitch angle.  The angle between the wing and the horizontal  plane of the earth. Pitch attitude.  The angle of the longitudinal axis relative  to the horizon. Pitch attitude serves as a visual reference for  the pilot to maintain orchange airspeed. Placards.  Small statements or pictorial signs permanently  fixed in the cockpit and visible to the pilot. Placards are used  for operating limitations (e.g., weight or speeds) or to indicate  the position of an operating lever (e.g., landing gear retracted  or down and locked). Planform.  The shape or form of a wing as viewed from  above. It may be long and tapered, short and rectangular, or  various other shapes. POH.  See Pilot's Operating Handbook. Positive Dynamic Stability.  The tendency over time for an  aircraft to return to a predisturbed state. Position lights.  Lights on an aircraft consisting of a red  light on the left wing, a green light on the right wing, and  a white light on the tail. The Code of Federal Regulations  requires that these lights be displayed in flight from sunset  to sunrise. Positive static stability.  The initial tendency to return to a  state of equilibrium when disturbed from that state. Porpoising.  Oscillating around the lateral axis of the aircraft  during landing. Powered parachute (PPC). A powered aircraft comprised  of a flexible or semi-rigid wing connected to a fuselage (cart)  so that the wing is not in position for flight until the aircraft  is in motion. The fuselage of a powered parachute contains  the aircraft engine, a seat for each occupant and is attached  to the aircraft’s landing gear. Power-off descent.  Aircraft configuration where a descent  occurs with power at idle. Powerplant.  A complete engine and propeller combination  with accessories. PPC.  See powered parachute. PPCL.  Powered parachute land. PPCS.  Powered parachute sea. Practical test.  Flight test administered by an FAA examiner  or designated examiner as a prerequisite for pilot certification.  Successful completion of the practical test is required to  earn a pilot certificate or rating. Commonly known as a  checkride. Practical Test Standards (PTS).  An FAA published  document of standards that must be met for the issuance  of a particular pilot certificate or rating. FAA inspectors  and designated pilot examiners use these standards when  conducting pilot practical tests, and flight instructors use the  PTS while preparing applicants for practical tests. Preflight inspection.  Aircraft inspection conducted  to determine if an aircraft is mechanically and legally  airworthy. Preignition.  Ignition occurring in the cylinder before the  time of normal ignition. Preignition is often caused by a  local hot spot in the combustion chamber igniting the fuel/air  mixture. Pressure altitude.  The altitude indicated when the altimeter  setting window (barometric scale) is adjusted to 29.92. This  is the altitude above the standard datum plane, which is a  theoretical plane where air pressure (corrected to 15 ºC)  equals 29.92 "Hg. Pressure altitude is used to compute density  altitude, true altitude, true airspeed, and other performance  data. Private airport.  Airport that is privately owned and not  available to the public without prior permission. They are  depicted on sectional charts for emergency and landmark  purposes. Private Pilot Certificate.  An FAA-issued pilot certificate  permitting carriage of passengers on a not-for-hire basis.  Reference 14 CFR part 61. Prohibited area.  Designated airspace within which flight  of aircraft is prohibited. Propeller.  A device for propelling an aircraft that,  when rotated, produces by its action on the air, a thrust  approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation. It  includes the control components normally supplied by its  manufacturer. G-13