Ejector Pumps.....................................................14-29 Pulsating Electric Pumps ....................................14-30 Vane-Type Fuel Pumps ......................................14-31 Fuel Filters..............................................................14-33 Fuel Heaters and Ice Prevention.............................14-36 Fuel System Indicators ...........................................14-37 Fuel Quantity Indicating Systems.......................14-37 Fuel Flowmeters .................................................14-40 Fuel Temperature Gauges...................................14-44 Fuel Pressure Gauges..........................................14-44 Pressure Warning Signal.....................................14-45 Valve-In-Transit Indicator Lights.......................14-46 Fuel System Repair ....................................................14-46 Troubleshooting the Fuel System...........................14-46 Location of Leaks and Defects ...........................14-46 Fuel Leak Classification .....................................14-46 Replacement of Gaskets, Seals, and Packings....14-47 Fuel Tank Repair ....................................................14-47 Welded Tanks .....................................................14-47 Riveted Tanks .....................................................14-48 Soldered Tanks ...................................................14-48 Bladder Tanks.....................................................14-48 Integral Tanks .....................................................14-49 Fire Safety...........................................................14-49 Fuel System Servicing ...............................................14-50 Checking for Fuel System Contaminants...............14-51 Water...................................................................14-51 Solid Particle Contaminants ...............................14-52 Surfactants ..........................................................14-52 Microorganisms ..................................................14-52 Foreign Fuel Contamination ...............................14-53 Detection of Contaminants .................................14-53 Fuel Contamination Control ...............................14-55 Fueling and Defueling Procedures.............................14-56 Fueling....................................................................14-56 Defueling ................................................................14-58 Fire Hazards When Fueling or Defueling ..............14-58 Ice and Rain Protection.....................................15-1 Ice Control Systems .....................................................15-1 Icing Effects .............................................................15-2 Ice Detector System .....................................................15-3 Ice Prevention...........................................................15-3 Wing and Horizontal and Vertical Stabilizer  Anti-Icing Systems.......................................................15-4 Thermal Pneumatic Anti-icing .................................15-4 Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) System...............................15-4 Leading Edge Slat Anti-Ice System......................15-6 Thermal Electric Anti-Icing ...................................15-10 Chemical Anti-Icing ...............................................15-10 Wing and Stabilizer Deicing Systems........................15-12 Sources of Operating Air........................................15-13 Turbine Engine Bleed Air...................................15-13 Pneumatic Deice Boot System for GA Aircraft .....15-13 GA System Operation.........................................15-13 Deice System for Turboprop Aircraft ....................15-14 Deicing System Components .................................15-16 Wet-Type Engine-Driven Air Pump...................15-16 Dry-Type Engine-Driven Air Pump ...................15-17 Oil Separator.......................................................15-17 Control Valve......................................................15-17 Deflate Valve ......................................................15-18 Distributor Valve ................................................15-18 Timer/Control Unit .............................................15-18 Regulators and Relief Valves .............................15-18 Manifold Assembly ............................................15-19 Inlet Filter ...........................................................15-19 Construction and Installation of Deice Boots.........15-19 Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting  of Rubber Deicer Boot Systems .............................15-21 Operational Checks.............................................15-21 Adjustments ........................................................15-21 Troubleshooting..................................................15-22 Inspection............................................................15-22 Deice Boot Maintenance ........................................15-22 Electric Deice Boots...............................................15-23 Propeller Deice System..............................................15-23 Electrothermal Propeller Device System ...............15-24 Chemical Propeller Deice.......................................15-24 Ground Deicing of Aircraft........................................15-24 Frost Removal ........................................................15-25 Deicing and Anti-icing of Transport Type  Aircraft................................................................15-25 Ice and Snow Removal...........................................15-26 Rain Control Systems ................................................15-27 Windshield Wiper Systems ....................................15-27 Chemical Rain Repellant........................................15-28 Windshield Surface Seal Coating .......................15-28 Pneumatic Rain Removal Systems.........................15-29 Windshield Frost, Fog, and Ice Control Systems ......15-29 Electric....................................................................15-30 Pneumatic ...............................................................15-31 Chemical.................................................................15-32 Water and Waste Tank Ice Prevention.......................15-32 Chapter 15 XX