is blowing toward. Turbulence due to the rough terrain may make  the flight uncomfortable, but may also require that you fly at  maneuvering speed. Remember that maneuvering speed decreases  as the airplane’s weight decreases. You shcmld know what your  maneuvering speed is for the weight at which you are flying and  be able to go to it quickly if you encounter rough air.  •  Pilotage and dead reckoning will be your primary type of naviga› tion. VORs are usable in limited areas, but suffer from limited  range and other problems. LORAN and GPS systems work quite  well. however, and can be used effectively to maintain your posi› tional awareness.  When you first arrive over a mountain airport, take a good look  around before you descend to it and plan your departure track.  Look for escape routes and emergency landing sites  in  the event of  an engine failure right after takeoff. Also, study the terrain you  will have to climb over as you depart.  Plan your approach path as you start your descent. Some moun› tain airports are confined in valleys that make a normal approach  difficult. Study your options before committing to a lower altitude.  Approach and landing should be normal at most mountain air› ports. Plan to fly a stabilized approach to the desired touchdown  spot. Since mountain winds are sometimes  tricky,  be aware of  windshear and go around if necessary.  Even the best prepared pilots may someday find themselves  caught in an emergency situation that will require quick thinking  and excellent skill to save themselves and their passengers. Even  though these situations cannot be totally prepared for, there are  some things you can do to increase your chances of handling the  problem in the best way possible.  Survival Equipment  Emergency Procedures  Approach and Landing  Descent  There are volumes written on what type of equipment to carry for  survival in the event of a forced landing and you should take the  time to use these sources to put together a good survival ldt before  launching into the mountains. At a minimum, however, you  12 