Volume Contents ................................................... V Preface.................................................................. VII Acknowledgments................................................ IX Table of Contents ................................................. XI Oil Pressure Relief Valve .........................................6-17 Recommendations for Changing Oil ...........................6-18 Draining Oil..............................................................6-18 Oil and Filter Change and Screen Cleaning .............6-18 Oil Filter Removal Canister Type Housing..............6-18 Oil Filter/Screen Content Inspection........................6-18 Assembly of and Installation of Oil Filters ..............6-19 Troubleshooting Oil Systems ...................................6-19 Requirements for Turbine Engine Lubricants..............6-19 Turbine Oil Health and Safety Precautions..............6-20 Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program........................6-21 Typical Wear Metals and Additives.........................6-21 Turbine Engine Lubrication Systems...........................6-21 Turbine Lubrication System Components ...................6-22 Oil Tank....................................................................6-22 Oil Pump ..................................................................6-23 Turbine Oil Filters ....................................................6-24 Oil Pressure Regulating Valve .................................6-25 Oil Pressure Relief Valve .........................................6-25 Oil Jets......................................................................6-25 Lubrication System Instrumentation ........................6-26 Lubrication System Breather Systems (Vents) ........6-26 Lubrication System Check Valve.............................6-27 Lubrication System Thermostatic Bypass Valves....6-27 Air Oil Coolers .........................................................6-28 Fuel Oil Coolers .......................................................6-28 Deoiler ......................................................................6-28 Magnetic Chip Detectors..........................................6-28 Typical Dry-Sump Pressure Regulated Turbine  Lubrication System ......................................................6-28 Pressure System ...........................................................6-29 Scavenge System......................................................6-29 Breather Pressurizing System...................................6-30 Typical Dry-Sump Variable Pressure Lubrication  System..........................................................................6-30 Pressure Subsystem ..................................................6-31 Scavenger Subsystem ...............................................6-31 Breather Subsystems ................................................6-31 Turbine Engine Wet-Sump Lubrication System..........6-32 Turbine Engine Oil System Maintenance ....................6-32 Engine Cooling Systems ..............................................6-33 XI Table of Contents Chapter 6 Lubrication and Cooling Systems .....................6-1 Principles of Engine Lubrication ...................................6-1 Types of Friction .......................................................6-2 Functions of Engine Oil .............................................6-2 Requirements and Characteristics of Reciprocating  Engine Lubricants ..........................................................6-2 Viscosity.....................................................................6-3 Viscosity Index...........................................................6-3 Flash Point and Fire Point ..........................................6-3 Cloud Point and Pour Point ........................................6-3 Specific Gravity..........................................................6-4 Reciprocating Engine Lubrication Systems...................6-5 Combination Splash and Pressure Lubrication ..........6-5 Lubrication System Requirements .............................6-5 Dry Sump Oil Systems ...............................................6-5 Oil Tanks ....................................................................6-5 Oil Pump ....................................................................6-7 Oil Filters....................................................................6-7 Oil Pressure Regulating Valve ...................................6-8 Oil Pressure Gauge.....................................................6-9 Oil Temperature Indicator ........................................6-10 Oil Cooler .................................................................6-10 Oil Cooler Flow Control Valve ................................6-10 Surge Protection Valves ...........................................6-10 Airflow Controls ......................................................6-11 Dry Sump Lubrication System Operation ................6-12 Wet-Sump Lubrication System Operation ...............6-13 Lubrication System Maintenance Practices .................6-14 Oil Tank....................................................................6-14 Oil Cooler .................................................................6-14 Oil Temperature Bulbs .............................................6-16 Pressure and Scavenge Oil Screens..........................6-16