Chapter 7 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Appendix A xi  Emergency Procedures ..........................................................A-1 Introduction ...............................................................................A-1 Emergencies ...............................................................................A-1 Inadvertent Thunderstorm Encounter ..........................A-1 Inadvertent Icing Encounter .............................................A-2 Aircraft System Malfunction .............................................A-2 Generator Failure ..................................................................A-3 Instrument Failure ................................................................A-3 Pilot/Static System Failure .................................................A-3 Loss of Situational Awareness (SA) .................................A-3 Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Condition  (IIMC) .....................................................................................A-4 ATC Requirements During an In-Flight Emergency ......A-5 Provide Information .............................................................A-5 Radar Assistance....................................................................A-5 Emergency Airports ............................................................A-6 Emergency Obstruction Video Map (EOVM)...............A-6 Responsibility .........................................................................A-6 Helicopter Instrument Procedures...................................... 7-1 Introduction ................................................................................ 7-1 Helicopter Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) Certification .. 7-2 Flight and Navigation Equipment .................................. 7-2 Miscellaneous Requirements ........................................... 7-2 Stabilization and Automatic Flight Control  System (AFCS) ................................................................... 7-2 Helicopter Flight Manual Limitations ........................... 7-3 Operations Specifications ................................................. 7-5 Minimum Equipment List (MEL) ...................................... 7-5 Pilot Proficiency .................................................................... 7-5 Helicopter VFR Minimums ................................................ 7-8 Helicopter IFR Takeoff Minimums .................................. 7-8 Helicopter IFR Alternates ................................................... 7-8 Part 91 Operators ................................................................. 7-8 Part 135 Operators ............................................................... 7-9 Helicopter Instrument Approaches................................ 7-9 Standard Instrument Approach Procedures to an  Airport .................................................................................. 7-9 Copter Only Approaches to An Airport or  Heliport ..............................................................................7-10 Copter GPS Approaches to an Airport or  Heliport ..............................................................................7-10 Helicopter Approaches to VFR Heliports ...................7-14 Approach to a PinS ............................................................7-14 Approach to a Specific VFR Heliport ...........................7-14 Inadvertent IMC ..................................................................7-16 IFR Heliports .........................................................................7-17 NDB Approach ....................................................................4-69 Radar Approaches .............................................................4-69 Precision Approach Radar (PAR) ....................................4-72 Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) ...................................4-72 Localizer Approaches ........................................................4-75 Localizer and Localizer DME............................................4-75 Localizer Back Course ........................................................4-76 Localizer-Type Directional Aid (LDA)............................4-76 Simplified Directional Facility (SDF) .............................4-78 Improvement Plans .................................................................. 5-1 Introduction ................................................................................ 5-1 Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen)  System....................................................................................... 5-2 NextGen Existing Improvements .................................... 5-5 Benefits of NextGen ............................................................. 5-7 Head-Up Displays (HUD)......................................................... 5-7 Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Systems............................5-8 Synthetic Vision System (SVS)........................................... 5-8 Synthetic Vision Guidance System (SVGS)....................5-9 Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS)........................... 5-9 Combined Vision System Technology .......................... 5-9 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) ...................................................5-10 Access to Special Use Airspace............................................5-11 Civilians Using Special Use Airspace ............................5-11 Airborne Navigation Databases........................................... 6-1 Introduction ............................................................................... 6-1 Airborne Navigation Database Standardization ............ 6-3 ARINC 424 ................................................................................ 6-4 Fix Records............................................................................... 6-4 Simple Route Records ......................................................... 6-4 Complex Route Records ..................................................... 6-5 Miscellaneous Records........................................................ 6-5 Path and Terminator Concept............................................... 6-5 Path and Terminator Legs .................................................. 6-5 Path and Terminator Limitations ..................................... 6-9 Role of the Database Provider ............................................6-13 Role of the Avionics Manufacturer ...............................6-13 Users Role ..............................................................................6-14 Operational Limitations of Airborne Navigation  Databases...................................................................................6-14 Closed Indefinitely Airports ............................................6-14 Storage Limitations ............................................................6-15 Charting/Database Inconsistencies .............................6-15 Naming Conventions.........................................................6-15 Issues Related To Magnetic Variation...........................6-16 Issues Related To Revision Cycle....................................6-17