Figure 1: Relationship of rhetorical issue to policy illustrating RIA and reference point shifting. Short lines at bottom show alternative F group consensus policies, from left to right: inverse of the rhetorical mean x (¯ ρ ); mean policy ¯ x = x$_{2}$ ; RPM model policy ¯ x$_{23}$ = ( x$_{2}$ + x$_{3}$ ) / 2. ASC model acceptance functions in gray at bottom. ρ ( x ) = 1 / (1 + e − β ( x − x$_{0}$ $^{)}$) with β = 0 . 13 , x$_{0}$ = − 5. 10 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 Policy  x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Rhetorical Issue  32 21 21 32 F1 F2 F3 U1 U2 U3 Policy Reference Rhetorical Reference