racetrack pattern  ........................................................... 7-30 radar ............................................................................... 2-3 radar and transponders  ................................................... 2-3 Mode C (altitude reporting)  ........................................ 2-3 radar approaches  ........................................................ 10-15 radar-controlled departures  .......................................... 10-5 radar limitations ........................................................... 9-48 radar monitoring of instrument approaches  ............... 10-18 radar navigation (ground-based)  .................................. 9-46 radio altimeters............................................................. 5-29 radio principles  ............................................................... 9-2 recognizing unusual attitudes  ....................................... 7-27 recovery from unusual attitudes  ................................... 7-27 rectangular cross-check  ................................................ 6-11 reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM)  ............. 5-7 regions of command  ....................................................... 4-7 control characteristics  ................................................. 4-7 relative wind  ................................................................... 4-2 remote indicating compass  ........................................... 5-15 required navigation instrument system inspection  ....... 5-36 required navigation performance  ................................. 9-44 reversal of motion  .......................................................... 3-8 RNAV instrument approach charts  .............................. 1-30 route information ......................................................... 1-10 safety systems .............................................................. 5-29 scanning techniques  ..................................................... 6-24 selected radial cross-check  ................................. 6-11, 6-24 sensitive altimeter  .......................................................... 5-3 altimeter errors ........................................................... 5-4 cold weather altimeter errors  ...................................... 5-5 inherent altimeter error............................................... 5-5 principle of operation  ................................................. 5-3 sensory systems for orientation...................................... 3-2 servo failure  ................................................................. 8-17 side-step maneuver  ..................................................... 10-20 simplified directional facility (SDF)  ............................ 9-42 situational awareness  ................................................. 11-11 sky wave  ......................................................................... 9-2 slip/skid indicator  ......................................................... 7-39 slow-speed flight  ............................................................ 4-8 small airplanes  ............................................................... 4-9 sources of flight planning information  ......................... 10-2 space wave  ..................................................................... 9-2 spatial disorientation  ....................................... 3-2, 3-5, 3-7 special use airspace  ........................................................ 1-2 speed stability  ................................................................. 4-8 normal command  ........................................................ 4-8 reversed command  ...................................................... 4-8 stall warning systems  ................................................... 4-17 standard 45° procedure turn  ......................................... 7-30 standard entry procedures  .......................................... 10-11 standard holding pattern (no wind)  ............................ 10-10 standard holding pattern (with wind)  ......................... 10-10 standard instrument departures  .................................... 10-5 standard rate turns .............................................. 7-19, 7-51 standard terminal arrival routes (STARS)  ......... 1-12, 10-9 standby battery ............................................................. 11-6 static pressure  ................................................................. 5-2 station passage  ............................................................... 9-5 steep turns  .......................................................... 7-22, 7-53 straight-and-level flight  ........................ 6-22, 7-2, 7-34, 8-3 common errors  ......................................... 7-12, 7-43, 8-7 straight climbs and descents  ............................... 7-14, 7-46 common errors  ....................................... 7-17, 7-50, 8-13 straight climbs (constant airspeed and constant rate)  .. 8-10 straight descents (constant airspeed and  constant rate)  .............................................................. 8-12 substitutes for inoperative or unusable components  .. 10-10 synthetic vision  ............................................................ 5-28 systems preflight procedures  ........................................ 5-36 tailplane stall symptoms  ............................................... 4-16 teardrop patterns  ........................................................... 7-31 techniques for electrical usage  ........................... 11-5, 11-6 temporary flight restrictions (TFRS)  .............................. 1-4 terminal arrival area (TAA)  ......................................... 1-18 terminal procedures publications  ................................. 1-12 departure procedures  ................................................ 1-12 marginal identification  .............................................. 1-12 standard terminal arrival routes  ................................ 1-12 terminal radar approach control (TRACON)  ................. 2-6 terrain alerting systems ................................................ 5-34 terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS)  .......... 5-34 the four-step process used to change attitude  .............. 6-19 adjust  ........................................................................ 6-20 cross-check  ............................................................... 6-20 establish .................................................................... 6-19 trim ........................................................................... 6-20 tilting to right or left....................................................... 3-8 timed approaches from a holding fix  ......................... 10-18 timed turns ................................................ 7-21, 7-53, 8-13 time factors  ................................................................. 10-12 tower en route control (TEC)  ................................. 1-6, 2-7 tracking  .......................................................................... 9-5 tracking to and from the station  ................................... 9-14 traditional navigation systems  ........................................ 9-3 traffic advisory systems  ................................................ 5-29 traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS)  ... 5-30 R S T I-5