Simplicity HiperSockets is part of LinuxONE technology, including QDIO and advanced adapter interrupt  handling. Data transfer is handled much like a cross-address space memory move, using the memory  bus. HiperSockets is application-neutral, and it appears as a typical TCP/IP device. Its configuration  is simple, so installation is easy. It is supported by familiar management and diagnostic tools. Security Cables or external components are vulnerable to physical attacks. Because HiperSockets does not  have any physical interfaces, it is protected against any attacks from the outside. This characteristic  might enable you to run network traffic without encryption, which results in additional performance  improvements. For isolation purposes, you can connect servers to different HiperSockets. All security features, such  as firewall filtering, are available for HiperSockets interfaces in the same way that they are for other  Internet Protocol network interfaces. In a blockchain environment, HiperSockets increase security  because you can define internal network communications between your Linux servers or SSC  partitions. As a result, the data traffic stays inside the LinuxONE box, which increases security. Availability With HiperSockets, there are no network switches, routers, adapters, or wires that can break or that  have to be maintained. The absence of mechanical components greatly improves availability. Goal Benefits of IBM HiperSockets 6.3 Meet CPACF - Speeding up your blockchain 6.3.1 Cryptography’s  importance in blockchain Blockchain (in the case of IBM Blockchain Platform, specifically Hyperledger Fabric) requires  many cryptographic operations, which can become a bottleneck for blockchain performance.  Thus, optimal performance depends on the machine’s throughput of cryptographic  operations. CP Assist for Cryptographic Functions (CPACF) is a set of instructions for the IBM  LinuxONE and IBM Z family of systems. This instruction set uses a dedicated portion of the  processor chip (for example, a synchronous co-processor) to run cryptographic functions in  hardware. As a result CPACF significantly speeds up cryptography operations. This section  covers the following topics: GLYPH<SM590000> 6.3.1, “Cryptography’s importance in blockchain” GLYPH<SM590000> 6.3.2, “CPACF’s role in acceleration and protection” on page 210 In this section, we discuss performance considerations for cryptography and blockchain. Hashing: the key to blockchain’s immutability The blockchain is a data structure with these components: GLYPH<SM590000> A group of blocks, which is a group of transactions that are hashed together. GLYPH<SM590000> Connections among the blocks that form a chain. The chain is made of hashes that point  from one block to its previous block. A  hash  is a one-way function that maps a set of data into a specified number of bits. For  example, Secure Hash Algorithm 2 using 256 bits (SHA 2- 256) uses the SHA 2 algorithm to  map data into a 256-bit pattern. One-way means that you can use the function to hash the  data, but it is not technically feasible to "unhash" the data (find out what the original data set  was). Moreover, if the data changes by even one bit, the hash drastically changes. Thus, you  can verify that data has not changed by confirming that is has the same hash. 208  Implementation Guide for IBM Blockchain Platform for Multicloud