In fiscal 2013, the Astellas Group’s global greenhouse gas  emissions (actual emissions) were 218 kilotons. Although  this was 13.0% (33 kilotons) lower than the base year level in  fiscal 2005, it was 11 kilotons higher than the previous fiscal  year. This increase mainly reflected the start of operation of  new facilities at production facilities, which among other factors  added about 8 kilotons. Another factor was an increase of  about 2 kilotons from deterioration in the electricity CO 2  emis- sions coefficient compared to the previous fiscal year. The  difference between the coefficient used to evaluate progress  against the Environmental Action Plan and the coefficient  used to calculate actual emissions was 0.157 kg-CO 2 /kWh.  The difference between these coefficients accounted for  more than 34 kilotons of greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, it has become increasingly important to  monitor and announce not only greenhouse gas emissions  by the Company, but also greenhouse gas emissions in the  supply chain, including transportation of employees, raw  materials purchasing, product distribution, and waste dis- posal. Astellas is working to monitor greenhouse gas emis- sions generated by employees commuting and business  trips, product distribution and other stages of operations.  We aim to successively expand the scope of this monitoring  and disclosure going forward. The direct use of renewable energy such as solar and wind  power is the most effective way of mitigating global warming.  Therefore, we intend to actively incorporate technologies that  can be feasibly introduced. We operate a wind turbine system  with a maximum output of 800 kW at the Kerry Plant in  Ireland, which generated 1,802 MWh in fiscal 2013. Further- more, a wood chip biomass boiler (maximum output of 1.8  MW) also used 34,980 GJ of heat at the Kerry Plant. These  two initiatives reduced our greenhouse gas emissions by  3,163 tons. In Japan, we have installed photovoltaic panel  system at the Tsukuba Research Center and the Kashima  R&D Center. In fiscal 2013, those systems together generated  88 MWh, reducing our greenhouse gas emissions by 43 tons.  Furthermore, the Norman Plant in the U.S. purchased  19,726 MWh of electricity in fiscal 2013, 19,634 MWh of  which was generated by wind turbines. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Emissions in  the Supply Chain Using Renewable Energy Scope 2* 1 Indirect emissions Scope 1* 1 Direct  emissions Scope 3* 4 Other indirect  emissions 143,514 tons 677 tons  236 tons  Raw materials transportation  by tanker trucks 85,224 tons  Business trips (by air)  tons 35,102 Waste  shipments 189 tons Product use * 3 6,140 tons Plant$_{→}$Warehouse Logistics warehouse Warehouse$_{→}$Wholesaler 330 tons 977 tons 2,320 tons 180 tons  2,943 tons  Sales fleets 29,935 tons Product  shipments * 2 (CO$_{2}$ equivalent) 115,159 tons (Total) Scope 3* 4 Other indirect  emissions Commuting  Japan   Overseas   Comparison to fiscal 2005 level (Right) (Japan: All business locations and sales fleets; Overseas: All production facilities) 400 300 200 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 251 203 201 186 208 218 163 194 162 160 147 172 183 57 40 41 39 36 35 74.0 83.0 87.0 65.0 80.0 80.8 100 (%) (kilotons) 2010.3 2006.3 2011.3 2012.3 2013.3 2014.3 2021.3 Photovoltaic panels installed at the Tsukuba Research Center Astellas Pharma Inc.  _ Annual Report 2014 68 *1 Scope is global (Japan: All business premises, sales fleets; and Overseas:  All production facilities, sales fleets, principal offices and R&D centers).  Includes overseas office buildings, R&D centers, sales fleets, in addition  to the scope of the Environmental Action Plan. *2 All product shipment is outsourced to third parties. *3 Emissions due to the use of products that employ hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)  as fillers. The figure has been converted into CO 2  equivalent emissions. *4 Items other than business trips cover all activity in Japan. Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Global) 