Parachute standard (PS).  PIA specification for parachute  materials. Pack tray.  The portion of the container or deployment device  where the lines are stowed. Packing bar.  A long, flat bar of metal or wood used in the  folding of the canopy of a parachute during the packing  process and to aid in closing the container; also known as a  long bar, paddle, or fid. Partial inversion.  A type of deployment malfunction  that occurs when one or more gore sections near the skirt  become inverted during deployment and form a small pocket  which inflates, causing a partial inversion of the canopy.  The condition may or may not work out or may become a  complete inversion (i.e., the canopy turns completely inside- out). It is the skirt, not the line, which is “over;” not to be  confused with a “line-over.” Also known as a “Mae West.” Packing hook.  A special hook-like tool used to draw the  suspension lines into place in the hesitator loops. Pull-up  cords are sometimes used for this purpose. Patching.  Method of repair by covering a hole or tear in a  canopy or pack. Packing paddle.  A flat, narrow piece of metal or wood  used to form the packed container; also known as a packing  bar or fid. Performance standards.  The specifications that define the  minimum performance and safety standards for certificating  parachutes. There are three standards that have been used  or are in use: NAS-804, AS-8015A, and AS-8015B. Packing table.  A table used in packing parachutes, normally  3 feet wide by 40 feet long with a smooth top surface. Packing.  The operation of folding the canopy and enclosing  it in the container. Permeability.  The mass rate of flow or the volume rate of  flow per unit projected area of cloth for a prescribed pressure  differential. In the U.S., permeability is measured in cubic  feet of air through one square foot per minute at  ½ " of water  pressure. Sometimes confused with porosity. Panel.  A subdivision of a gore; also known as a section. Parachute.  An umbrella-like device designed to trap a large  volume of air in order to slow the descent of a falling load  attached to the parachute. The word “parachute” is formed  from the French words “para,” for shield, and “chute,” to fall.  Thus, “parachute” literally means “to defend from a fall.” Personnel parachutes.  Parachutes designed expressly for  human use as opposed to cargo drops or aircraft deceleration. Piggyback.  A single harness, dual parachute system used  for intentional parachute jumping where both parachutes are  mounted on the back of the jumper. Parachute Industry Association (PIA).  An international  trade organization composed of parachute manufacturers,  dealers, riggers, and others involved in the parachute industry. Pilot chute assist system.  A connection of breakcord or  Velcro$^{®}$ between the static line and the pilot chute of a sport  parachute, which pulls the pilot chute out of the pack and  then separates. Parachute pack.  Such as a back pack or chest pack, means  the parachute assembly less the harness. It means the  container, canopy, suspension lines, pilot chute risers and  connector links. The terms “pack” and “container” are not  synonymous in the terminology of this part. Pilot chute.  A small parachute used to accelerate deployment;  constructed in much the same manner as the main canopy  and from similar material. Some types of pilot chutes are  equipped with a spring-operated, quick-opening device.  The frame is compressed so as to open immediately when  released from the pack. Parachute record card.  A card kept in the record pocket  that records the packing intervals of the parachute and other  important information as required under 14 CFR part 65, subsection 65.131(c). Also known as the “packing data card.” Parachute rigger.  A person certified by the FAA to perform  packing and maintenance on parachutes. Pin protector flap.  A flap that covers the locking pins and  cones to prevent the pack from being opened by any means  other than the ripcord. Parachute rigging.  The process of inspecting, repairing,  and replacing minor parts of a parachute assembly and of  repacking the parachute so that it is ready for immediate  use. Parachute rigging also includes fitting and adjusting  the harness. Pleat.  A fold sewn in the fabric.  G-8