3 1  3.4_SMSM_201904  Originally published April 2019  Uncontrolled copy when downloaded The Safety Analysis and Risk Mitigation Process  Section 3  3.4  DIAAT Phase 2: Identify Hazards  3.4.1  Overview  During the hazard identification phase, identify and document safety issues, their possible  causes, and corresponding effects. A  hazard  is defined as any real or potential condition that  can cause injury, illness, or death to people; damage to or loss of a system, equipment, or  property; or damage to the environment. A hazard is a prerequisite to an accident or incident. The Air Traffic Organization (ATO) and its employees are responsible for identifying and  mitigating hazards with unacceptable risk (i.e., high risk). Likewise, the ATO should determine if  hazards with acceptable risk (i.e., medium and low risk) can be further mitigated. The hazard  identification stage is integral to all preliminary safety analyses and follow-on, in-depth analyses  in determining the appropriate means to address any safety risks associated with a National  Airspace System (NAS) change. At this point, decide whether the Safety Risk  Management (SRM) document will contain a safety analysis finding with or without hazards  (refer to  Section 5.4). Refer to Section 3.7.2 for further discussion of risk reduction strategies. Refer to Section 6 for guidance on the signatures required for implementation of the NAS  change. The following resources and methods can be used to identify hazards:  Refer to Section 7 for information about the various audit and reporting programs and tools.  The hazard identification stage considers all possible causes of hazards. The use of previous  hazard analyses when identifying hazards is important, as it provides consistency in SRM and can  reduce the time needed to identify hazards. For example, approved SRM documents on similar  NAS changes or earlier integrated assessments, including applicable cross-organizational safety  assessments and Independent Operational Assessments, may be useful. Refer to Section 7 for  information on the Independent Operational Assessment.  3.4.2  Potential Sources of Hazards  • Reports of unsafe conditions in daily operations. • Audits performed as part of facility-level Quality Control efforts or Safety and Technical Training (AJI) Quality Assurance efforts; and • National Transportation Safety Board safety recommendations; • Risk Analysis Processes; • Air Traffic Safety Oversight Service (AOV) compliance audits; • Air Traffic Safety Action Program and Technical Operations Safety Action Program reports; • The safety analysis that accompanies the proposed implementation of a new or modified operation, process, or piece of NAS equipment; I IDENTIFY  HAZARDS  Identify hazards  Use a structured approach  Be comprehensive and do not dismiss hazards prematurely  Employ lessons learned and experience supplemented by checklists