basic T arrangement for flight instruments was adopted, as  mentioned in the beginning of this chapter.  [Figure 10-4] Electronic flight instrument systems and digital cockpit  displays have kept the same basic T arrangement for flight  instrument and data presentations. The flight instruments and  basic T are located directly in front of the pilot and copilot’s  seats. Some light aircraft have only one full set of flight  instruments that are located in front of the left seat. The location of engine instruments and navigation instruments  varies. Ideally, they should be accessible to both the pilot  and copilot. Numerous variations exist to utilize the limited  space in the center of the instrument panel and still provide  accessibility by the flight crew to all pertinent instruments.  On large aircraft, a center pedestal and overhead panels help  create more space. On small aircraft, the engine instruments  are often moved to allow navigation instruments and radios  to occupy the center of the instrument panel.  [Figure 10-134] On modern aircraft, EFIS and digital flight information  systems reduce panel clutter and allow easier access to all  instruments by both crewmembers. Controllable display  panels provide the ability to select from pages of information  that, when not displayed, are completely gone from view and  use no instrument panel space.  The type and number of shock mounts to be used for  instrument panels are determined by the weight of the unit.  Shock-mounted instrument panels should be free to move  in all directions and have sufficient clearance to avoid  striking the supporting structure. When a panel does not have  adequate clearance, inspect the shock mounts for looseness,  cracks, or deterioration.  Instrument panel layout is seemingly random on older  aircraft. The advent of instrument flight made the flight  instruments of critical importance when flying without  outside reference to the horizon or ground. As a result, the  The method of mounting instruments in their respective  panels depends on the design of the instrument case. In  one design, the bezel is flanged in such a manner that the  Instrument Mounting 10-81 Engine instruments Navigation instruments Flight instruments Basic “T” layout Airframe structure Instrument panel Bonding strap Figure 10-133.  Instrument panel shock mounts.  Figure 10-134.  Flight instruments directly in front of the pilot, engine instruments to the left and right, and navigation instruments and  radios primarily to the right, which is the center of the instrument panel. This arrangement is commonly on light aircraft to be flown  by a single pilot. 