made in the forward portion of the area. Always per- form a stability check, prior to reducing r.p.m., to ensure the landing gear is on firm terrain that can safely support the weight of the helicopter. A pinnacle takeoff is an  airspeed over altitude maneu- ver made from the ground or from a hover. Since  pinnacles and ridgelines are generally higher than the immediate surrounding terrain, gaining airspeed on the takeoff is more important than gaining altitude. The higher the airspeed, the more rapid the departure from slopes of the pinnacle. In addition to covering unfavor- able terrain rapidly, a higher airspeed affords a more favorable glide angle and thus contributes to the chances of reaching a safe area in the event of a forced landing. If a suitable forced landing area is not avail- able, a higher airspeed also permits a more effective flare prior to making an autorotative landing.  more difficult to judge because visual references are farther away than during approaches over trees or flat terrain. If a crosswind exists, remain clear of down- drafts on the leeward or downwind side of the  ridgeline. If the wind velocity makes the crosswind landing hazardous, you may be able to make a low, coordinated turn into the wind just prior to terminating the approach. When making an approach to a pinnacle, avoid leeward turbulence and keep the helicopter within reach of a forced landing area as long as  possible. On takeoff, as the helicopter moves out of ground effect, maintain altitude and accelerate to normal climb airspeed. When normal climb speed is attained, estab- lish a normal climb attitude. Never dive the helicopter down the slope after clearing the pinnacle. On landing, take advantage of the long axis of the area when wind conditions permit. Touchdown should be 10-9 Airspeed over Altitude—This means that in this maneuver, obstacles are not a factor, and it is more important to gain airspeed than altitude. Figure 10-9. When flying an approach to a pinnacle or ridge- line, avoid the areas where downdrafts are present, espe- cially when excess power is limited. If you encounter downdrafts, it may become necessary to make an immediate turn away from the pinnacle to avoid being forced into the rising terrain. TAKEOFF COMMON ERRORS 1. Failure to perform, or improper performance of, a high or low reconnaissance. 2. Flying the approach angle at too steep or too shal- low an approach for the existing conditions. 3. Failure to maintain proper r.p.m. 4. Failure to consider emergency landing areas. 5. Failure to consider how wind and turbulence could affect the approach and takeoff.