(19)  United States  (12)  Patent Application Publication  Hsu et al.  (54)  TRANSDERMALAND TOPICAL  ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS USING  BASIC PERMEATION ENHANCERS  (10)  Pub. No.: US 2005/0074487 Al  (43)  Pub. Date:  Apr. 7, 2005  US 20050074487Al  (76)  Inventors:  Tsung-Min Hsu,  San Diego, CA (US);  Nicole T. Gricenko,  San Diego, CA  (US);  Alan T. J. Hickey,  San Diego,  CA (US);  Eric C. Jacobson,  San  Diego, CA (US);  Rose C. LoBello,  San  Diego, CA (US);  Jane Ohara,  San  Diego, CA (US);  Eric C. Luo,  Plano,  TX (US)  (21)  Appl. No.:  10/863,432  (22)  Filed:  Jun. 7, 2004  (60)  Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/176,952,  filed on Jun. 21, 2002, now abandoned.  (51)  Int. Cl.7  ...........................  A61L 15/16;  A61K 33/00  (52)  U.S. Cl.  ............................................  424/448;  424/722  Correspondence Address:  REED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW  GROUP  800 MENLO AVENUE, SUITE 210  MENLO PARK, CA 94025 (US)  Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/675,603,  filed on Sep. 29, 2003, which is a division of appli› cation No. 10/176,265, filed on Jun. 19, 2002, now  Pat. No. 6,673,363, and which is a continuation-in› part of application No. 10/175,769, filed on Jun. 19,  2002, now abandoned, and which is a continuation› in-part of application No. 10/175,721, filed on Jun.  19, 2002, now abandoned, and which is a continua› tion-in-part of application No. 10/175,682, filed on  Jun. 19, 2002, and which is a continuation-in-part of  application No. 10/176,264, filed on Jun. 19, 2002,  and which is a continuation-in-part of application No.  10/175,681, filed on Jun. 19, 2002.  Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/972,008,  filed on Oct. 4, 2001, now Pat. No. 6,582,724, which  is a continuation-in-part of application No. 09/738,  410, filed on Dec. 14, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,586,000,  which is a continuation-in-part of application No.  09/569,889, filed on May 11, 2000, now abandoned,  which is a continuation-in-part of application No.  09/465,098, filed on Dec. 16, 1999, now abandoned.  Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/738,395,  filed on Dec. 14, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,719,997,  which is a continuation-in-part of application No.  09/607,892, filed on Jun. 30, 2000, now abandoned.  Methods are provided for enhancing the permeability of skin  or mucosal tissue to topical or transdermal application of  pharmacologically or cosmeceutically active agents. The  methods entail the use of a base in order to increase the flux  of the active agent through a body surface while minimizing  the likelihood of skin damage, irritation or sensitization. The  permeation enhancer can be an inorganic or organic base.  Compositions and transdermal systems are also described.  Related U.S. Application Data  (57)  ABSTRACT  Publication Classification 