In 2018, other nonoperating income, net principally included $308 million of non-service related pension and other postretirement benefit plan income, which reflects an increase in the expected return on pension plan assets in 2018 as compared to 2017. This income was offset in part by a $104 million net special charge for mark-to-market unrealized losses associated with certain of our equity investments, $55 million of net foreign currency losses principally associated with certain Latin American currencies and $13 million of net special charges associated with debt refinancings and extinguishments. In 2017, other nonoperating income, net principally included $138 million of non-service related pension and other postretirement benefit plan income, offset in part by $22 million of net special charges associated with debt refinancings and extinguishments and $4 million of net foreign currency losses. In 2018, we recorded an income tax provision of $472 million at an effective rate of approximately 25%, which was substantially non-cash. This provision included an $18 million special income tax charge related to an international income tax matter. Substantially all of our income before income taxes is attributable to the United States. At December 31, 2018, we had approximately $10.2 billion of federal NOLs and $3.2 billion of state NOLs, substantially all of which we expect to be available in 2019 to reduce future federal and state taxable income. In 2017, we recorded an income tax provision of $2.1 billion, which was substantially non-cash. This provision included a special, non-cash income tax charge of $823 million to reflect the impact of lower corporate income tax rates on our deferred tax asset and liabilities due to the 2017 Tax Act, which reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. See Note 7 to AAG’s Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8A for additional information on income taxes. Pre-tax income and net income were $3.4 billion and $1.3 billion in 2017, respectively. This compares to 2016 pre-tax income and net income of $4.2 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively. Excluding the effects of pre-tax net special items, pre-tax income was $4.2 billion and $4.9 billion in 2017 and 2016, respectively. For reconciliation of pre-tax income excluding special items to their comparable measures on a GAAP basis, see Part II, Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data – “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures . ” The year-over-year declines in our pre-tax income on both a GAAP basis and excluding pre-tax net special items were principally driven by an increase in fuel costs and higher wage rates. Results of Operations – 2017 Compared to 2016 Income Taxes Operating Revenues This table presents our total passenger revenue and the year-over-year change in certain operating statistics: Year Ended December 31, Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease) 2017 2016 (In millions, except percentage changes) Passenger $ 39,131 $ 37,045 $ 2,086 5.6 Cargo 890 785 105 13.3 Other 2,601 2,312 289 12.5 Total operating revenues $ 42,622 $ 40,142 $ 2,480 6.2 Increase (Decrease) vs. Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Passenger Revenue RPMs ASMs Load Factor Passenger Yield PRASM (In millions) Passenger revenue $ 39,131 5.6% 1.3% 1.1% 0.2pts 4.3% 4.5% 55