Terminal Procedures Publications Departure Procedures Margin Identification Standard Terminal Arrival Routes Instrument Approach Procedure Charts  While the en route charts provide the information necessary  to safely transit broad regions of airspace, the United States  Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP) enables pilots to  guide their aircraft in the airport area. Whether departing or  arriving, these procedures exist to make the controllers’ and  pilots’ jobs safer and more efficient. Available in booklets by  region (published by AeroNav Products), the TPP includes  approach procedures, STARs, Departure Procedures (DPs),  and airport diagrams. There are two types of DPs: Obstacle Departure Procedures  (ODP) and SIDs.  [Figure 1-8]  Both types of DPs provide  obstacle clearance protection to aircraft in instrument  meteorological conditions (IMC), while reducing  communications and departure delays. DPs are published in  text and/or charted graphic form. Regardless of the format, all  DPs provide a way to depart the airport and transition to the  en route structure safely. When possible, pilots are strongly  encouraged to file and fly a DP at night, during marginal  visual meteorological conditions (VMC) and IMC. All DPs provide obstacle clearance provided the aircraft  crosses the end of the runway at least 35 feet AGL; climbs  to 400 feet above airport elevation before turning; and climbs  at least 200 feet per nautical mile (FPNM), unless a higher  climb gradient is specified to the assigned altitude. ATC may  vector an aircraft off a previously assigned DP; however,  the 200 FPNM or the FPNM specified in the DP is required. Textual ODPs are listed by city and airport in the IFR Take- Off Minimums and DPs section of the TPP. SIDs are depicted  in the TPP following the approach procedures for the airport.  STARs depict prescribed routes to transition the instrument  pilot from the en route structure to a fix in the terminal area  from which an instrument approach can be conducted. If a  pilot does not have the appropriate STAR, write “No STAR”  in the flight plan. However, if the controller is busy, the pilot  might be cleared along the same route and, if necessary, the  controller has the pilot copy the entire text of the procedure. STARs are listed alphabetically at the beginning of the  AeroNav Products booklet.  Figure 1-9  shows an example  of a STAR, and the legend for STARs and DPs printed in  AeroNav Products booklets. The  instrument approach procedure (IAP) chart provides  the method to descend and land safely in low visibility  conditions. The FAA establishes an IAP after thorough  The procedure chart title (top and bottom margin area of  Figure 1-10 ) is derived from the type of navigational facility  providing final approach course guidance. A runway number  is listed when the approach course is aligned within 30º  of the runway centerline. This type of approach allows a  straight-in landing under the right conditions. The type of  approach followed by a letter identifies approaches that do  not have straight-in landing minimums. Examples include  procedure titles at the same airport, which have only  circling minimums. The first approach of this type created  The chart’s amendment status appears below the city  and state in the bottom margin. The amendment number  is followed by the five-digit julian-date of the last chart  change.“05300” is read, “the 300th day of 2005.” At the  center of the top margin is the FAA chart reference number  and the approving authority. At the bottom center, the  airport’s latitude and longitude coordinates are provided. If  a chart is original, the date of issuance can be used instead  of the julian-date. The margin identification, at the top and bottom of the chart,  depicts the airport location and procedure identification.  The civil approach plates are organized by city, then airport  name and state. For example, Orlando Executive in Orlando,  Florida, is alphabetically listed under “O” for Orlando.  Military approaches are organized by airport name first. The instrument approach chart is divided into six main  sections, which include the margin identification, pilot  briefing (and notes), plan view, profile view, landing  minimums, and airport diagram.  [Figure 1-10] An  examination of each section follows. In addition to the AeroNav Products, other governmental  and corporate entities produce approach procedures. The  U.S. Military IAPs are established and published by the  Department of Defense and are available to the public  upon request. Special IAPs are approved by the FAA for  individual operators and are not available to the general  public. Foreign country standard IAPs are established and  published according to the individual country’s publication  procedures. The information presented in the following  sections highlight features of the United States TPP. analyses of obstructions, terrain features, and navigational  facilities. Maneuvers, including altitude changes, course  corrections, and other limitations, are prescribed in the IAP.  The approach charts reflect the criteria associated with the  United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Approach  Procedures (TERPs), which prescribes standardized methods  for use in designing instrument flight procedures. 1-12