Motivation  Overview  Attention  Lesson Introduction  Organization of Material  After determining objectives and standards, an instructor formulates a plan of action to lead learners through the course in a logical  manner toward the desired goal. Usually, the goal for learners is a certificate or rating. It could be a private pilot certificate, an  instrument rating, an AMT certificate or, other rating. In all cases, a systematic plan of action requires the use of an appropriate  training syllabus. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards.  The main concern of the instructor is usually organizing a block of training with integrated lesson plans. The traditional organization  of a lesson plan is introduction, development, and conclusion.  The introduction sets the stage for everything to come. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. In  brief, the introduction is made up of three elements: attention, motivation, and an overview.  The purpose of the attention element is to focus each learner’s attention on the lesson. The instructor begins by telling a story,  showing a video clip, asking a question, or telling a joke. Any of these may be appropriate at one time or another. Regardless of  which is used, it should relate to the subject and establish a background for developing the learning outcomes. Telling a story or a  joke unrelated in some way to the subject distracts from the lesson. The main concern is to focus everyone’s attention on the subject.  [Figure 5-7]  The motivation element offers the learners specific reasons why the lesson content is important to know, understand, apply, or  perform and thus ensures readiness (Thorndike’s Law of Readiness). The instructor may provide examples where someone applied$_{ }$ the knowledge or remind the learners of an upcoming assessment. The motivation should appeal to each learner personally and  engender a desire to understand the material.  Every lesson introduction should contain an overview that tells the group what is to be covered during the period. A clear, concise  presentation of the objective and the key ideas gives the learners a road map of the route to be followed. A good visual aid can help  the instructor show the learners the path that they are to travel.  5-9  Figure 5-7.  The attention element causes learners to focus on the upcoming lesson. 