9.1_SMSM_201904  Originally published April 2019  Uncontrolled copy when downloaded  Definitions and Acronyms  Section 9  Hull Loss. An aircraft destroyed / substantially damaged beyond economic repair, missing, or  completely inaccessible. Human-Centered. The structured process during concept and requirement definition, design,  development, and implementation that identifies the user as the focal point of the effort for which  procedures, equipment, facilities, and other components serve to support human capabilities  and compensate for human limitations; sometimes also called “user-centered.”  Human Factors. A multidisciplinary effort to generate and compile information about human  capabilities and limitations and apply that information to equipment, systems, facilities,  procedures, jobs, environments, training, staffing, and personnel management for safe,  comfortable, and effective human performance. (See  FAA Order 9550.8,  Human Factors  Policy .)  Incident. An occurrence other than an accident that affects or could affect the safety of  operations.  Inquiry. The technique of asking questions and recording responses.  Inspection. The act of critically examining documents to determine the content and quality of a  transaction, such as inspecting leases, contracts, meeting minutes, requirements, and  organization policy.  Latent Failure. An error or failure whose adverse consequences may lie dormant within a  system for a long time, becoming evident when combined with other factors.  Likelihood. The estimated probability or frequency, in quantitative or qualitative terms, of a  hazard’s effect or outcome.  Maintenance. Any repair, adaptation, upgrade, or modification of NAS equipment or facilities. This includes preventive maintenance.  Management Strategy. Actions designed to reduce or manage the risk associated with a NAS  change or operation.  Mitigation. Any means to reduce the risk of a hazard.  National Airspace System (NAS). A complex system that is composed of airspace, airports,  aircraft, pilots, air navigation facilities, and ATC facilities; communication, navigation, and  surveillance services and supporting technologies and systems; operating rules, regulations,  policies, and procedures; and people who implement, sustain, or operate the system  components.  Initial Risk. • FAA Definition. The predicted severity and likelihood of a hazard’s effect or outcomes when it is first identified and assessed; includes the effects of preexisting risk controls in the current environment. • ATO Definition. The composite of the severity and likelihood of a hazard, considering only controls and documented assumptions for a given system state. It describes the risk before any of the proposed mitigations are implemented. 11 4 