A pilot’s most fundamental and important responsibility is to  maintain aircraft control. Initial flight training thus provides  skills to operate an airplane in a safe manner, generally within  normal “expected” environments, with the addition of some  instruction in upset and stall situations.  This chapter discussed the elements of basic aircraft control,  with emphasis on AOA. It offered a discussion of circumstances  and scenarios that can lead to LOC-I, including stalls and  airplane upsets. It discussed the importance of developing  proficiency in slow flight, stalls, and stall recoveries, spin  awareness and recovery, upset prevention and recovery, and  spiral dive recovery.  In general, spiral dive recovery procedures are summarized  in  Figure 4-18. Pilots need to understand that primary training cannot cover  all possible contingencies that an airplane or pilot may  encounter, and therefore they should seek recurrent/additional  training for their normal areas of operation, as well as to seek  appropriate training that develops the aeronautical skill set  beyond the requirements for initial certification. For additional considerations on performing some of  these maneuvers in multiengine airplanes and jet powered  airplanes, refer to Chapters 12 and 15, respectively.  Common errors in the recovery from spiral dives are: A significant point to note is that UPRT skills are both complex  and perishable. Repetition is needed to establish the correct  mental models, and recurrent practice/training is necessary as  well. The context in which UPRT procedures are introduced  and implemented is also an important consideration. The pilot  must clearly understand, for example, whether a particular  procedure has broad applicability, or is type-specific.  To attain the highest levels of learning possible, the best  approach starts with the broadest form of a given procedure,  then narrows it down to type-specific requirements. Additional advisory circular (AC) guidance is available at  www.faa.gov:  Chapter Summary UPRT Summary • AC 120-111 (as revised), Upset Prevention and  Recovery Training. • AC 120-109 (as revised), Stall Prevention and  Recovery Training; and • AC 61-67 (as revised), Stall and Spin Awareness  Training;  • Not adding power once climb is established • Not unloading the Gs prior to rolling level • Simultaneously pulling out of dive while rolling wings  level • Attempting to pull out of dive without rolling wings  level • Mistakenly adding power • Failure to reduce power first 5.  Increase Power to Climb Power. Once the airspeed  has stabilized to V$_{Y}$, apply climb power and climb  back to a safe altitude. Figure 4-18.  Spiral dive recovery template. 4-24 Spiral Dive Recovery Template 1. Reduce power (throttle) to idle 2. Apply some forward elevator 3. Roll wings level 4. Gently raise the nose to level flight 5. Increase power to climb power