Performance Audit Report on the Control of F MD countries. The objective of surveillance is to assess the level of immunity in cattle  against FMD in vaccination zones. The other objective is to determine the  viral/disease activity in both vaccinated and FMD free zones specifically  targeting high risk areas that are prone to FMD incursion.  The surveillance involves clinical inspection and statistical serum sampling of  susceptible livestock on quarterly basis (every 3 months per year) and during  outbreaks. Countrywide surveillance is conducted during routine activities such  as Anthrax and Quarter Evil Disease vaccinations. The disease surveillance is  carried out in farms and communal areas in the event of an outbreak in  Botswana and/or neighbouring countries. 20  Disease surveillance is conducted  mainly in two (2) ways, namely;  a) Active surveillance: Active surveillance is the deliberate search for  FMD or infection. It is conducted in both the red and green zone for  different reasons. In the green zone, this is done to ensure that there  is no active FMD virus in areas illegible for export to the EU as well  as to protect the status of the zone for trading purposes.  Surveillance in the red zone is mainly done to assess the immunity  level (viral activity) of cattle. This is done through various ways;   Planned clinical surveillance   Planned targeted clinical and serological surveillance in high risk  areas   Monitoring of antigenic variation of the field FMD virus by  Botswana Vaccine Institute (BVI). 21 b) Passive surveillance: Passive surveillance is the routine gathering of  disease data/information. This is done through various ways;   Farmer interviews  $^{20}$ FMD Surveillance Plan for 2013  $^{21}$ Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Contingency plans for Botswana  20 |  P a g e