76 Chapter 5 — Signals and Signs Chapter 5 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings Traffic Signals The traffic signal is used to control traffic and pedestrians  at some intersections and mid-block crosswalks. Arrow signals are also important traffic signals. Traffic signals, signs and pavement markings are used for traffic control to provide  a smooth, orderly flow of traffic. It is important to understand their meanings. • A red arrow means turning traffic must stop. • A yellow arrow indicates that the “protected” green arrow signal is about to turn  to a regular circular green signal, circular red signal or red arrow signal. • A green arrow means that you have a “protected” movement and are permitted  to cautiously enter the intersection to make the movement indicated by the  arrow. U-turning traffic should yield to opposing right turning traffic when both  movements simultaneously have their respective green arrow. • A steady red circular signal means “STOP.” Unless there is a sign indicating “NO  TURN ON RED,” a right turn can be made after coming to a complete stop. All  vehicles turning right shall yield the right of way to other traffic and pedestrians  using the intersection and to pedestrians in reasonably close proximity to the  intersection and who are starting to cross in front of the traffic that is required to  stop at the red light. Failure to yield to a pedestrian under these circumstances  will result in a penalty of not more than $500 and not less than $100. • A circular yellow signal means “caution” and indicates that the signal is about to  turn red. Stop for a yellow signal unless you are too close to the intersection to  stop safely — in that case, drive cautiously through the intersection. Never speed  up for a yellow signal to “beat” the red signal. • A circular green signal means you are permitted to proceed cautiously straight  through or make a turn. Turning vehicles must yield the right of way to  oncoming traffic and pedestrians.