25 Norm al A ppro ach 25 N o rm a l A p p r o a c h 25 25 25 N o rm a l A p p r o a c h 25 N o rm a l A p p r o a c h Downsloping runway  Upsloping runway  Upsloping runway  Downsloping runway  Wider runway  Narrower runway  Wider runway Narrower runway  Normal approach  Approach due to illusion  Figur 3-9A Runwa width illusion • narrower-than-usual runway can  created an illusion that the aircraft  is higher than it actually is, leading  to a low er approach. • wider-than-usual runway can  creat an illusion that the aircraft is  lower than it actually is, leading to  higher approach. Figur 3-9B Runwa slope illusion • A do wnsloping r unway can create  the illusion that the aircraft is lower  than it ac tually is, leading to a  higher appr oach. • A upsloping runway can create  the illusion that the aircraft is higher  than it actually is, leading to a lower  appr oach. Figure 3-9.  Runway width and slope illusions. 5.  Utilize the visual descent point (VDP) found on many  nonprecision instrument approach procedure charts. 6.  Recognize that the chances of being involved in an  approach accident increase when some emergency or  other activity distracts from usual procedures. 7.  Maintain optimum proficiency in landing procedures. 3-10