Loan portfolio Effective January 1, 2020, the Firm adopted the CECL accounting guidance. The adoption resulted in a change in the accounting for PCI loans, which are considered PCD loans under CECL. In conjunction with the adoption of CECL, the Firm reclassified risk-rated loans and lending-related commitments from the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment to the wholesale portfolio segment, to align with the methodology applied when determining the allowance. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation. Refer to Note 1 for further information. Additionally, in the third quarter of 2020, the Firm reclassified certain fair value option elected lending-related positions from trading assets to loans. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation. The table below presents loans by portfolio segment and loan class that are presented in Note 12. (a) Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 313 (Unaudited) December 31, (in millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 U.S. consumer, excluding credit card loans Residential real estate $ 241,578 $ 266,135 $ 296,677 $ 291,054 $ 281,774  Auto and other 76,825 51,682  52,324  55,296  63,380  Total U.S. consumer, excluding credit card loans 318,403 317,817  349,001  346,350  345,154  Non-U.S. consumer, excluding credit card loans Residential real estate 176 — — 836  1,976  Auto and other — — — —  —  Total Non-U.S. consumer, excluding credit card loans 176 — — 836  1,976  Total consumer, excluding credit card loans Residential real estate 241,754 266,135  296,677  291,890  283,750  Auto and other 76,825 51,682  52,324  55,296  63,380  Total consumer, excluding credit card loans 318,579 317,817  349,001  347,186  347,130  Credit card Loans U.S. credit card loans 144,103 168,787  156,312  149,107  141,447  Non-U.S. credit card loans 113 137  320  404  369  Total credit card loans 144,216 168,924  156,632  149,511  141,816  Total consumer loans 462,795 486,741  505,633  496,697  488,946  U.S. wholesale loans Secured by real estate 124,887 126,735  121,169  120,078  112,134  Commercial and industrial 112,911 115,389  138,374  115,537  110,555  Other 185,945 154,633  136,609  120,608  111,509  Total U.S. wholesale loans 423,743 396,757  396,152  356,223  334,198  Non-U.S. wholesale loans Secured by real estate 3,090 2,837  2,709  2,625  2,905  Commercial and industrial 44,076 38,214  37,035  36,438  35,673  Other 79,149 73,071  74,231  67,446  61,109  Total non-U.S. wholesale loans 126,315 114,122  113,975  106,509  99,687  Total wholesale loans Secured by real estate 127,977 129,572  123,878  122,703  115,039  Commercial and industrial 156,987 153,603  175,409  151,975  146,228  Other 265,094 227,704  210,840  188,054  172,618  Total wholesale loans 550,058 510,879  510,127  462,732  433,885  Total loans $ 1,012,853 $ 997,620 $ 1,015,760 $ 959,429 $ 922,831  Memo: Loans held-for-sale $ 7,873 $ 7,064 $ 11,988 $ 3,351 $ 2,628  Loans at fair value 44,474 44,955  34,357  31,240  30,296  Total loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value $ 52,347 $ 52,019 $ 46,345 $ 34,591 $ 32,924  (a)