5 Discussion The proposed measure of emergence considers random processes as being those with the highest E , because there is more information emerging. This might not be clearly illustrated by the experiments which use the simplified I$_{in}$ = 1, making the emergence (ratio between produced information over introduced information) to lie in the interval [0 , 1]. ECA with an initial condition of a single “on” cell (minimum I$_{in}$ > 0) can be used to visually exemplify E more concretely, as shown in Figure 10. Rule 0 is class I, and no matter how much information is fed into the ECA, this is lost after one time step. Minimum emergence: anything comes in, nothing comes out. Rule 1 from class II produces a lot of information for b = 1, where a stripped pattern emerges. However, for b ≥ 2 this pattern disappears, so the emergence is also minimal at those scales. Rule 110 from class IV produces complex patterns and structures, with gliders that interact on a regular (ether). We can say that these patterns are emerging, as indicated by the increase of information produced by the system, compared to that introduced. Rule 30 from class III produces even more patterns, since its pseudorandom behavior delivers maximum information produced. Maximum emergence: get the most information putting the least in. Measuring emergence at multiple scales at once with an “emergence profile” can give more insight about the dynamics of a system. A multiscale profile for different measures and four ECA rules is shown in Figure 11. Rule 0 does not change with scale. Rule 1 has high E , low S and H (anticorrelated), and medium C for b = 1, but is similar to rule 0 for higher scales. Rule 110 decreases its E and H and increases its S and C with scale. Rule 30 has a high E and a low S , H , and C for all scales. Self-organization is defined as a reduction of Shannon information, which is also consid- ered as entropy or disorder. Minimum self-organization occurs when a highly ordered pattern (minimum I$_{in}$ ) is converted into a highly disordered pattern (maximum I$_{out}$ ). Chaotic sys- tems such as rule 30 exhibit minimal self-organization. Maximum self-organization occurs when a highly disordered pattern is converted into a highly ordered pattern. Systems which 21