remaining calm, and thinking rationally are key elements in  reducing stress and increasing the capacity to fly safely. This ability depends upon experience, discipline, and training.  The ability to manage risks begins with preparation. Here  are some things a pilot can do to manage risks:  Managing Risks  Automation  In the GA community, an automated aircraft is generally  comprised of an integrated advanced avionics system  consisting of a primary flight display (PFD), a multifunction  flight display (MFD) including an instrument-certified global positioning system (GPS) with traffic and terrain graphics,  and a fully integrated autopilot. This type of aircraft is  commonly known as a technically advanced aircraft (TAA).  In a TAA aircraft, there are typically two display (computer)  screens: PFD (left display screen) and MFD.  Figure 2-20.  The pilot has a certain capacity of doing work and handling tasks. However, there is a point where the tasking exceeds the  pilot’s capability. When this happens, tasks are either not performed properly or some are not performed at all.  2-25  Preflight  Takeoff  Cruise  Approach & landing  T i$_{m}$ e  Taskload  High  Low  P i l o t c a p b i l t e s  T a s k r e q u i m n t s  • Assess the flight’s risk based upon experience. Use  some form of risk assessment. For example, if the weather is marginal and the pilot has little IMC  training, it is probably a good idea to cancel the flight.  • Brief passengers using the SAFETY list:  S Seat belts fastened for taxi, takeoff, landing  Shoulder harness fastened for takeoff, landing  Seat position adjusted and locked in place  A Air vents (location and operation)  All environmental controls (discussed)  Action in case of any passenger discomfort  F Fire extinguisher (location and operation)  E Exit doors (how to secure; how to open)  Emergency evacuation plan  Emergency/survival kit (location and contents)  T Traffic (scanning, spotting, notifying pilot)  Talking, (“sterile flight deck” expectations)  Y  Your questions? (Speak up!)  •  Consider using the passenger in the right seat for simple tasks, such as holding the chart. This relieves  the pilot of a task.  •  Keep the passengers informed during times when the  workload is low.  •  Use a sterile flight deck during arrival from the first  radar vector for approach or descent for the approach.  •  Use a sterile flight deck (one that is completely silent  with no pilot communication with passengers or by  passengers) from the time of departure to the first intermediate altitude and clearance from the local airspace.  •  In addition to the SAFETY list, discuss with  passengers whether or not smoking is permitted, flight route altitudes, time en route, destination, weather during flight, expected weather at the destination, controls and what they do, and the general capabilities and limitations of the aircraft. 