the maneuver. [Figure 9-9] The cyclic is held into the wind a sufficient amount to maintain the desired ground track for the takeoff. The heading is maintained with the use of the antitorque pedals. In other words, the rotor is tilted into the wind so that the sideward movement of the helicopter is just enough to counter- act the crosswind effect. To prevent the nose from turning in the direction of the rotor tilt, it is necessary to increase the antitorque pedal pressure on the side opposite the rotor tilt. Normal takeoff from the surface is used to move the helicopter from a position on the surface into effective translational lift and a normal climb using a minimum amount of power. If the surface is dusty or covered with loose snow, this technique provides the most favorable visibility conditions and reduces the possibility of debris being ingested by the engine. Place the helicopter in a stationary position on the sur- face. Lower the collective to the full down position, and reduce the r.p.m. below operating r.p.m. Visually clear the area and select terrain features, or other objects, to aid in maintaining the desired track during takeoff and climb out. Increase the throttle to the proper r.p.m. and raise the collective slowly until the helicopter is light on the skids. Hesitate momentarily and adjust the cyclic and antitorque pedals, as neces- sary to prevent any surface movement. Continue to apply upward collective and, as the helicopter breaks ground, use the cyclic, as necessary to begin forward movement as altitude is gained. Continue to acceler- ate, and as effective translational lift is attained, the helicopter begins to climb. Adjust attitude and power, if necessary to climb in the same manner as a takeoff from a hover. After approximately 50 feet of altitude is gained, make a coordinated turn into the wind to maintain the desired ground track. This is called crabbing into the wind. The stronger the crosswind, the more you have to turn the helicopter into the wind to maintain the desired ground track. [Figure 9-10] If the takeof is made during crosswind conditions, the helicopter is flown in a slip during the early stages of 9-11 Figure 9-10. T compensate for wind drift at altitude, crab the helicopter into the wind. Figure 9-9. During a slip, the rotor disc is tilted into the wind. NORMAL TAKEOFF FROM THE SURFACE TECHNIQUE CROSSWIND CONSIDERATIONS  DURING TAKEOFFS 3. Too abrupt application of the collective when departing the surface, causing r.p.m. and heading control errors. 2. Using excessive power combined with a level attitude, which causes a vertical climb. 1. Departing the surface in an attitude that is too nose-low. This situation requires the use of exces- sive power to initiate a climb. COMMOM ERRORS 6. Failing to adjust the throttle to maintain proper r.p.m. 5. Failing to maintain proper airspeed during the climb. 4. Failing to maintain a straight flight path over the surface (ground track). 3. Assuming an extreme nose-down attitude near the surface in the transition from hovering to forward flight. WindGLYPH<.notdef> Movement Helicopter GroundGLYPH<.notdef> Tr a c k HelicopterGLYPH<.notdef> Heading WindGLYPH<.notdef> Movement HelicopterGLYPH<.notdef> Side Movement