Descent Course Reversals Missed Approaches Intercept and Track Course Ground-Based Radio Navigation Holds Chapter 4: Automated Flight Control Climbs and Descents Arcs GPS and RNAV (GPS) Approaches E-2 1. Determine the descent airspeed to be used with  concern to turbulence, aircraft descent profile, and  powerplant cooling restrictions. 2. Program, observe, and monitor the top of descent,  descent rate, and level‑off altitude. 3. Plan and fly a descent to a crossing restriction. 4. Recognize and correct deviations from a planned  descent path, and determine which factor changed. 1. Select a type of course reversal procedure. 2. Determine the correct sequence of mode control  actions to be accomplished by the pilot. 1. Acknowledge a missed approach procedure. 2. Set the FMS/GPS for a return to the same approach  to fly it again. 3. Select a different approach while holding at a missed  approach holding waypoint. 4. Program an ATC specified hold point (user waypoint)  for selection after the published MAP/hold procedure. 1. Program and select a different course to the active  waypoint. 2. Select the nonsequencing waypoint function (OBS,  Hold, or Suspend) to select a specified navigation  point. 3. Reactivate the sequencing function for route  navigation. 1. Select any type of ground‑based radio navigation  approach. 2. Correctly tune and set up the conventional navigation  receiver for the procedure in number 1. 3. Correctly monitor the navaid for proper identification  and validity. 4. Correctly select and be able to use the desired  navigation source for the autopilot. 1. Select a preprogrammed holding pattern, or  nonsequencing mode. 2. Select and set up a non‑preprogrammed holding  pattern inbound course. 3. Determine the proper sequence of software commands  for the holding pattern, transition to approach,  approach, and MAP navigation. 1. Use the FD/autopilot to climb or descend to and  automatically capture an assigned altitude. 2. Determine the indications of the ARM or capture  modes, and what pilot actions will cancel those  modes. 1. Select an approach procedure with an arc. 2. Select the course, or determine that automatic course  CDI setting will occur. 3. Determine if the system allows resetting of the armed  or capture modes or if manual control is the only  option after cancellation of these modes. 4. Determine the available methods of activating the  altitude armed or capture mode(s). 1. Load and activate a vectored GPS or RNAV (GPS)  approach. 2. Select a vectored initial approach segment. 3. Determine the correct approach minimums and  identify all pertinent mode transitions. 4. Determine the published missed approach point  (MAP), courses, altitudes, and waypoints to fly. 5. Determine how missed approach guidance is  selected. 5. Determine the average power necessary for normal  climbs and descents. Practice changing the power to  these settings in coordination with making the FD/ autopilot mode changes.