Jan. 13, 2011  42  US 2011/0008728 Al  group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy group, n-butoxy group  or tert-butoxy group, and most preferably a methoxy group or  an ethoxy group.  [0337]  Examples of the halogen atom as the substituent for  the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a fluorine atom, a  chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a  fluorine atom is preferable.  [0338]  Example of the halogenated alkyl group as the sub› stituent for the aromatic hydrocarbon group includes a group  in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms within the afore› mentioned alkyl group have been substituted with the afore› mentioned halogen atoms.  [0339]  The aliphatic hydrocarbon group for X may be  either a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an unsat› urated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Further, the aliphatic  hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched or cyclic.  [0340]  In the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for X, part of the  carbon atoms constituting the aliphatic hydrocarbon group  may be substituted with a substituent group containing a  hetero atom, or part or all of the hydrogen atoms constituting  the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a  substituent group containing a hetero atom.  [0341]  As the "hetero atom" for X, there is no particular  limitation as long as it is an atom other than carbon and  hydrogen. Examples ofhetero atoms include a halogen atom,  an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom. Examples  of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom,  an iodine atom and a bromine atom.  [0342]  The substituent group containing a hetero atom may  consist of a hetero atom, or may be a group containing a group  or atom other than a hetero atom.  [0343]  Specific examples of the substituent group for sub› stituting part of the  carbon atoms  include ---0-,  -C(=O)---0-,  ----C(=O)-,  ---O-C(=O)---0-,  -C(=O)-NH-, -NH- (the H may be replaced with a  substituent such as an alkyl group or an acyl group), -S-,  -S(=O)$_{2}$- and -S(=O)$_{2}$-O-. When the aliphatic  hydrocarbon group is cyclic, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group  may contain any of these substituent groups in the ring struc› ture.  [0344]  Examples of the substituent group for substituting  part or all of the hydrogen atoms include an alkoxy group, a  halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group,  an oxygen atom (=0) and a cyano group.  [0345]  The aforementioned alkoxy group is preferably an  alkoxy group having  1  to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a  methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy  group, n-butoxy group or tert-butoxy group, and most pref› erably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.  [0346]  Examples of the aforementioned halogen atom  include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and  an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.  [0347]  Example of the aforementioned halogenated alkyl  group includes a group in which part or all of the hydrogen  atoms within an alkyl group of  1  to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., a  methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl  group or a tert-butyl group) have been substituted with the  aforementioned halogen atoms.  [0348]  As the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear or  branched saturated hydrocarbon group, a linear or branched  monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic ali› phatic hydrocarbon group ( aliphatic cyclic group) is prefer› able.  [0349]  The linear saturated hydrocarbon group (alkyl  group) preferably has  1  to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably  1  to 15, and most preferably  1  to  10.  Specific examples  include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a  butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an  octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group,  a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, an isotridecyl group, a  tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, an  isohexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group,  a nonadecyl group, an icosyl group, a henicosyl group and a  docosyl group.  [0350]  The branched saturated hydrocarbon group (alkyl  group) preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably  3 to 15, and most preferably 3 to  10.  Specific examples  include a 1-methylethyl group, a 1-methylpropyl group, a  2-methylpropyl group, a 1-methylbutyl group, a 2-methylbu› tyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a 1-ethylbutyl group, a  2-ethylbutyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 2-methylpen› tyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group and a 4-methylpentyl  group.  [0351]  The unsaturated hydrocarbon group preferably has  2 to  10  carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 5, still more  preferably 2 to  4,  and most preferably 3. Examples oflinear  monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon groups include a vinyl  group, a propenyl group (an ally! group) and a butynyl group.  Examples of branched monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon  groups include a 1-methylpropenyl group and a 2-methylpro› penyl group.  [0352]  Among the above-mentioned examples, as the  unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a propenyl group is particu› larly desirable.  [0353]  The aliphatic cyclic group may be either a monocy› clic group or a polycyclic group. The aliphatic cyclic group  preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 30,  still more preferably 5 to 20, still more preferably  6  to 15, and  most preferably  6  to 12.  [0354]  As the aliphatic cyclic group, a group in which one  or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocy› cloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicycloalkane, tri› cycloalkane or tetracycloalkane can be used. Specific  examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen  atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane such as  cyclopentane or cyclohexane; and groups in which one or  more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloal› kane such as adamantane, norbomane, isobornane, tricyclo› decane or tetracyclododecane.  [0355]  When the aliphatic cyclic group does not contain a  hetero atom-containing substituent group in the ring structure  thereof, the aliphatic cyclic group is preferably a polycyclic  group, more preferably a group in which one or more hydro› gen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane, and a  group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been  removed from adamantane is particularly desirable.  [0356]  When the aliphatic cyclic group contains a hetero  atom-containing substituent group in the ring structure  thereof, the hetero atom-containing substituent group is pref› erably -0-, ----C(=O)-O-, -S-, -S(=O)$_{2}$ - or  -S(=O)$_{2}$---0-. Specific examples of such aliphatic cyclic  groups include groups represented by formulas (Ll) to (L5)  and (Sl) to (S4) shown below. 