Any action of the WTA Tour pursuant to these Rules or otherwise with respect  to the WTA shall be deemed effective only when the parties affected thereby  shall have been sent notice of the action, or, in the case of any action of general  applicability, notice thereof shall have been published in a manner that will ensure  wide circulation. PlayerZone and TournamentZone postings and Player and  Tournament Alerts shall be considered official forms of WTA communication with  its members that are published in a manner that ensures wide circulation. The WTA may impose appropriate sanctions, including monetary sanctions, upon  any person or entity subject to these Rules who participates in or aids and abets  any violation of these Rules. Any violations of these Rules which do not specify a  process for imposition of a penalty shall be decided by the CEO and such decision  of the CEO may be appealed to the Board of Directors. SECTION I - INTRODUCTION All monetary terms are in United States dollars unless otherwise stated. English is the official language of the WTA. Entry into Tournaments shall be open to all women tennis players based on  merit and without discrimination, subject only to the conditions in the WTA  By-Laws and these Rules, including but not limited to the Age Eligibility Rules  and Gender Participation Policy. All players are subject to the WTA Gender Participation Policy (“Gender  Participation Policy”), as amended from time to time, which addresses the  gender eligibility requirements for entry into and participation in WTA  Tournaments. For the complete and current Gender Participation Policy,  please reference www.wtatennis.com/wta-rules. D. POLICIES 1.  Open Competition/No Discrimination 2.  Gender Participation Policy 3. Nationality For WTA purposes, a player’s nationality is: (a) the issuing country of the valid  passport she provides to the WTA with her Annual Player Form; (b) if she does  not have a passport and she provides her birth certificate and photographic  identification, the country of birth on her birth certificate; or (c) in exceptional  circumstances, as the WTA determines. 6