AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In millions) $^{(a) }$The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash to amounts reported within the consolidated balance sheets: Cash $ 267 $ 265 $ 287 Restricted cash included in restricted cash and short-term investments 10 11 103 Total cash and restricted cash $ 277 $ 276 $ 390  Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 1,972 $ 1,658 $ 1,285 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 2,267 2,108 1,964 Net loss (gains) from sale of property and equipment and sale-leaseback transactions (109 ) (57 ) 2 Special items, net non-cash 384 458 272 Pension and postretirement (178 ) (302 ) (132 ) Deferred income tax provision 623 503 2,246 Share-based compensation 94 86 90 Other, net (56) (102) (146) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable 130 232 (189) Increase in other assets (321 ) (354 ) (405 ) Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 273 (171) 266 Increase in air traffic liability 469 297 65 Increase in receivables from related parties, net (1,772) (1,849) (1,994) Increase (decrease) in loyalty program liability 76 (283 ) (308 ) Contributions to pension plans (1,224) (472) (286) Increase (decrease) in other liabilities (199 ) 191 140 Net cash provided by operating activities 2,429 1,943 2,870 Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures and aircraft purchase deposits (4,156) (3,677) (5,881) Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions 850 1,096 853 Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 49 106 69 Purchases of short-term investments (3,184 ) (3,412 ) (4,633 ) Sales of short-term investments 4,144 3,705 5,915 Proceeds from vendor 250 — — Decrease (increase) in restricted short-term investments (3) 72 309 Proceeds from sale of investments — 207 — Purchase of equity investment — — (203) Other investing activities (96 ) (7 ) — Net cash used in investing activities (2,146) (1,910) (3,571) Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 3,210 2,354 3,058 Payments on long-term debt and finance leases (3,440 ) (2,442 ) (2,332 ) Deferred financing costs (52) (59) (85) Other financing activities — — 27 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (282) (147) 668 Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash 1 (114 ) (33 ) Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year 276 390 423 Cash and restricted cash at end of year  (a) $ 277 $ 276 $ 390 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 120