The following points regarding STARs are important to  remember: turns, and a nonstandard holding pattern uses left turns. The  ATC clearance always specifies left turns when a nonstandard  pattern is to be flown.  In a standard holding pattern with no winds  [Figure 10-4],  the  aircraft follows the specified course inbound to the holding  fix, turns 180° to the right, flies a parallel straight course  outbound for 1 minute, turns 180° to the right, and flies the  inbound course to the fix. The basic ground components of an ILS are the localizer,  glideslope, outer marker, middle marker, and inner marker  (when installed). A compass locator or precision radar may  be substituted for the outer or middle marker. Distance  measuring equipment (DME), VOR, or nondirectional  beacon (NDB) fixes authorized in the standard IAP or  surveillance radar may be substituted for the outer marker. Additionally, IFR-certified GPS equipment, operated in  accordance with Advisory Circular (AC) 90-94, Guidelines  for Using Global Positioning System Equipment for IFR  En Route and Terminal Operations and for Nonprecision  Instrument Approaches in the United States National  Airspace System, may be substituted for ADF and DME  equipment, except when flying NDB IAP. Specifically, GPS  can be substituted for ADF and DME equipment when: A standard symmetrical holding pattern cannot be flown  when winds exist. In those situations, the pilot is expected to: Figure 10-5  illustrates the holding track followed with a left  crosswind. The effect of wind is counteracted by applying  drift corrections to the inbound and outbound legs and by  applying time allowances to the outbound leg. If an aircraft arrives at a clearance limit before receiving  clearance beyond the fix, ATC expects the pilot to maintain  the last assigned altitude and begin holding in accordance  with the charted holding pattern. If no holding pattern is  charted and holding instructions have not been issued, enter  a standard holding pattern on the course on which the aircraft  approached the fix and request further clearance as soon as  possible. Normally, when no delay is anticipated, ATC issues  holding instructions at least 5 minutes before the estimated  arrival at the fix. Where a holding pattern is not charted, the  ATC clearance specifies the following: Depending upon traffic and weather conditions, holding may  be required. Holding is a predetermined maneuver that keeps  aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further  clearance from ATC. A standard holding pattern uses right  Standard Holding Pattern (No Wind) Substitutes for Inoperative or Unusable  Components Standard Holding Pattern (With Wind) 1.  All STARs are contained in the Terminal Procedures  Publication (TPP), along with the IAP charts for the  destination airport. The AIM also describes STAR  procedures. 2.  If the destination is a location for which STARs  have been published, a pilot may be issued a  clearance containing a STAR whenever ATC deems  it appropriate. To accept the clearance, a pilot must  possess at least the approved textual description. 3.  It is the pilot’s responsibility to either accept or refuse  an issued STAR. If a STAR will not or cannot be used,  advise ATC by placing “NO STAR” in the remarks  section of the filed flight plan or by advising ATC. 4.  If a STAR is accepted in a clearance, compliance is  mandatory. 1.  Compensate for the effect of a known wind except  when turning. 2.  Adjust outbound timing to achieve a 1-minute (1 1 ⁄2 minutes above 14,000 feet) inbound leg. 1.  Flying a DME arc; 2.  Navigating TO/FROM an NDB; 3.  Determining the aircraft position over an NDB; 4.  Determining the aircraft position over a fix made up  of a crossing NDB bearing; 5.  Holding over an NDB; 6.  Determining aircraft position over a DME fix. 1.  Direction of holding from the fix in terms of the eight  cardinal compass points (N, NE, E, SE, etc.) Holding Instructions Holding Procedures 10-10 Figure 10-4 .  Standard holding pattern—no wind. Abeam 