c. At those airports where the U.S. Government operates the control tower and ATC has authorized noncompliance with the requirement for two − way radio communications while operating within the Class B, Class C, or Class D surface area, or at those airports where the U.S. Government does not operate the control tower and radio communications cannot be established, pilots must obtain a clearance by visual light signal prior to taxiing on a runway and prior to takeoff and landing. d. The following phraseologies and procedures are used in radiotelephone communications with aeronautical ground stations. 1. Request for taxi instructions prior to departure. State your aircraft identification, loca- tion, type of operation planned (VFR or IFR), and the point of first intended landing. Aircraft:  “Washington ground, Beechcraft  One Three One Five Niner at hangar eight, ready to taxi, I − F − R to Chicago.” Tower:  “Beechcraft one three one five niner, Washington ground, runway two seven, taxi via taxiways Charlie and Delta, hold short of runway three three left.” Aircraft:  “Beechcraft One Three One Five Niner, runway two seven, hold short of runway three three left.” 2. Receipt of ATC clearance. ARTCC clear- ances are relayed to pilots by airport traffic controllers in the following manner. Tower:  “Beechcraft One Three One Five Niner, cleared to the Chicago Midway Airport via Victor Eight, maintain eight thousand.” Aircraft:  “Beechcraft One Three One Five Niner, cleared to the Chicago Midway Airport via Victor Eight, maintain eight thousand.” Normally, an ATC IFR clearance is relayed to a pilot by the ground controller. At busy locations, however, pilots may be instructed by the ground controller to “contact clearance delivery” on a frequency designated for this purpose. No surveillance or control over the movement of traffic is exercised by this position of operation. 3. Request for taxi instructions after landing. State your aircraft identification, location, and that you request taxi instructions. c. Advisory Circular 120 − 57, Low Visibility Operations Surface Movement Guidance and Control System, commonly known as LVOSMGCS (pro- nounced “LVO SMIGS”) describes an adequate example of a low visibility taxi plan for any airport which has takeoff or landing operations in less than 1,200 feet runway visual range (RVR) visibility conditions. These plans, which affect aircrew and vehicle operators, may incorporate additional lighting, markings, and procedures to control airport b. Of vital importance is the need for pilots to notify the controller when difficulties are encoun- tered or at the first indication of becoming disoriented. Pilots should proceed with extreme caution when taxiing toward the sun. When vision difficulties are encountered pilots should immediate- ly inform the controller. a. Pilots and aircraft operators should be constant- ly aware that during certain low visibility conditions the movement of aircraft and vehicles on airports may not be visible to the tower controller. This may prevent visual confirmation of an aircraft’s adherence to taxi instructions. e. During ground operations, jet blast, prop wash, and rotor wash can cause damage and upsets if encountered at close range. Pilots should consider the effects of jet blast, prop wash, and rotor wash on aircraft, vehicles, and maintenance equipment during ground operations. Aircraft:  “Beechcraft One Four Two Six One, hold short of runway one eight right.” Tower:  “Beechcraft One Four Two Six One, Orlando ground, hold short of runway one eight right.” or Tower:  “Beechcraft One Four Two Six One, Dulles ground, taxi to Page via taxiways echo three, echo one, and echo niner.” Aircraft:  “Orlando ground, Beechcraft One Four Two Six One clearing runway one eight left at taxiway bravo three, request clearance to Page.” Aircraft:  “Dulles ground, Beechcraft One Four Two Six One clearing runway one right on taxiway echo three, request clearance to Page.” 8/15/19 3/15/07 1/30/20 AIM  7110.65R CHG 2 AIM EXAMPLE − EXAMPLE − 4 − 3 − 19. Taxi During Low Visibility EXAMPLE − NOTE − Airport Operations 4 − 3 − 24