Although people generally receive what is learned through the eyes and ears, other senses also contribute to most perceptions. When  several senses respond together, a fuller understanding and greater chance of recall is achieved.  Learning with All Senses Is Most Effective  Meaningful Repetition Aids Recall  Mnemonics  Transfer of Learning  3-39  A distinction is commonly made between near and far transfer. Near transfer consists of transfer from initial learning that is situated  in a given setting to ones that are closely related. Far transfer refers both to the ability to use what was learned in one setting to a  different one as well as the ability to solve novel problems that share a common structure with the knowledge initially acquired. There  is a third way to talk about transfer called generativity. In this context it means learners have the ability on their own to come up with  novel solutions.  Transfer of learning is broadly defined as the ability to apply knowledge or procedures learned in one context to new contexts.  Learning occurs more quickly and he or she develops a deeper understanding of the task if he or she brings some knowledge or skills  from previous learning. A positive transfer of learning occurs when the individual practices under a variety of conditions,  underscoring again the value of SBT.  Variations of the encoding process are practically endless. Developing a logical strategy for encoding information is a significant step  in the learning process.  Chaining is used for ordered or unordered lists and consists of creating a story in which each word or idea that needs to be  remembered cues the next idea.  Rhymes and melody are another way to remember information. Rhymes such as “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.” Most  children learn the alphabet using a familiar melody “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.” A well-known mnemonic rhyme for remembering  the days of the month is the familiar, “30 days hath September, April, June, and November...”$_{ }$ An acrostic is a poem, word puzzle, or other composition in which the first letter of each line or word is a cue to the idea the learner  wishes to remember. For example, Every Good Boy Does Fine is used to remember the order of the G-clef notes in music. An  example of a useful aviation acrostic is the memory aid for one of the magnetic compass errors. The letters “ANDS” indicate:$_{ }$ Acronyms form a word from the first letters of other words. For example, “AIM” is the acronym for Aeronautical Information$_{ }$ Manual.  A mnemonic uses a pattern of letters, ideas, visual images, or associations to assist in remembering information. It is a memory  enhancing strategy that involves teaching learners to link new information to information they already know. Its chief value lies in  helping learners recall information that needs to be recalled in a particular order by encoding difficult-to-remember information in a  way that makes it easier to remember. Research shows that providing learners with memorization techniques improves their ability to  recall information. Mnemonics include but are not limited to acronyms, acrostics, rhymes, or chaining.  Along with these five principles, there is a considerable amount of additional literature on retention of learning during a typical  academic lesson. After the first 10–15 minutes, the rate of retention drops significantly until about the last 5–10 minutes when  learners wake up again. Learners passively listening to a lecture have roughly a five percent retention rate over a 24-hour period, but  individuals actively engaged in the learning process have a much higher retention. This clearly reiterates the point that active learning  is superior to just listening.  Each repetition gives the learner an opportunity to gain a clearer and more accurate perception of the subject to be learned, but mere  repetition does not guarantee retention. Practice provides an opportunity for learning, but does not cause it. Further, some research  indicates that three or four repetitions provide the maximum effect, after which the rate of learning and probability of retention fall off  rapidly.  ⦁ $_{South }$ ⦁ $_{Decelerate }$ ⦁ $_{North }$ ⦁ $_{Accelerate }$