AIM 12/31/20 Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation Paragraph Page 4-4-1. Clearance 4-4-1 .......................................................... 4-4-2. Clearance Prefix 4-4-1 .................................................... 4-4-3. Clearance Items 4-4-1 ..................................................... 4-4-4. Amended Clearances 4-4-2 ................................................ 4-4-5. Coded Departure Route (CDR) 4-4-3 ....................................... 4-4-6. Special VFR Clearances 4-4-3 .............................................. 4-4-7. Pilot Responsibility upon Clearance Issuance 4-4-4 ............................ 4-4-8. IFR Clearance VFR-on-top 4-4-4 ......................................... 4-4-9. VFR/IFR Flights 4-4-5 .................................................... 4-4-10. Adherence to Clearance 4-4-5 ............................................. 4-4-11. IFR Separation Standards 4-4-7 ........................................... 4-4-12. Speed Adjustments 4-4-7 ................................................. 4-4-13. Runway Separation 4-4-10 ................................................. 4-4-14. Visual Separation 4-4-10 .................................................. 4-4-15. Use of Visual Clearing Procedures 4-4-11 .................................... 4-4-16. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS I & II) 4-4-11 .............. 4-4-17. Traffic Information Service (TIS) 4-4-12 ..................................... 4-5-1. Radar 4-5-1 ............................................................. 4-5-2. Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) 4-5-2 ..................... 4-5-3. Surveillance Radar 4-5-7 .................................................. 4-5-4. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) 4-5-7 ...................................... 4-5-5. Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-X)/Airport Surface Surveillance  Capability (ASSC) 4-5-7 .................................................. 4-5-6. Traffic Information Service (TIS) 4-5-8 ...................................... 4-5-7. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Services 4-5-14 ......... 4-5-8. Traffic Information Service- Broadcast (TIS-B) 4-5-19 ........................ 4-5-9. Flight Information Service- Broadcast (FIS-B) 4-5-20 ......................... 4-5-10. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Rebroadcast (ADS-R) 4-5-22 .............. 4-6-1. Applicability and RVSM Mandate (Date/Time and Area) 4-6-1 ................. 4-6-2. Flight Level Orientation Scheme 4-6-1 ...................................... 4-6-3. Aircraft and Operator Approval Policy/Procedures, RVSM Monitoring and  Databases for Aircraft and Operator Approval 4-6-1 .......................... 4-6-4. Flight Planning into RVSM Airspace 4-6-2 ................................... 4-6-5. Pilot RVSM Operating Practices and Procedures 4-6-3 ......................... 4-6-6. Guidance on Severe Turbulence and Mountain Wave Activity (MWA) 4-6-3 ....... 4-6-7. Guidance on Wake Turbulence 4-6-5 ........................................ 4-6-8. Pilot/Controller Phraseology 4-6-5 .......................................... 4-6-9. Contingency Actions: Weather Encounters and Aircraft System Failures that Occur After Entry into RVSM Airspace 4-6-7 ................................ 4-6-10. Procedures for Accommodation of Non-RVSM Aircraft 4-6-9 ................. 4-6-11. Non-RVSM Aircraft Requesting Climb to and Descent from Flight Levels Above RVSM Airspace Without Intermediate Level Off 4-6-10 ....................... Table of Contents v Section 6. Operational Policy/Procedures for Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) in the Domestic U.S., Alaska, Offshore Airspace and the San Juan FIR Section 5. Surveillance Systems