Table of Contents The following represents our proportionate share of MillerCoors' net income reported under the equity method prior to the Acquisition: For the period January 1 through October 10, 2016 (In millions, except percentages) Income (loss) before income taxes $ 1,171.5 Income tax expense (3.3) Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (11.0 ) Net income attributable to MillerCoors $ 1,157.2 MCBC's economic interest 42 % MCBC's proportionate share of MillerCoors' net income 486.0 Amortization of the difference between MCBC's contributed cost basis and proportionate share of the underlying equity in net assets of MillerCoors (1) 3.3 Share-based compensation adjustment (1) (0.7) U.S. import tax benefit (1) 12.3 Equity income in MillerCoors $ 500.9 (1) See Part II—Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,  Note 4, "Acquisition and Investments"  of the Notes, for a detailed discussion of these equity method adjustments prior to the Acquisition. Significant events The discussion below highlights the U.S. segment results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, versus the year ended December 31, 2017, and for the year ended December 31, 2017, versus the year ended December 31, 2016, on a reported and pro forma basis, where applicable. Throughout 2018, U.S. financial volume, including shipment timing and distributor inventory levels, as well as financial results were impacted by brewery system implementations at our Golden, Colorado, Trenton, Ohio and Fort Worth, Texas breweries. We continue to prepare for future implementations at our remaining breweries expected to occur in 2019, including the implementation at our Milwaukee, Wisconsin brewery, which is currently underway. In order to align our cost base with our scale of business, during the third quarter of 2018, we initiated restructuring activities in the U.S. and reduced U.S. employment levels by approximately 300 employees in the fourth quarter of 2018. As a result, severance costs related to these restructuring activities were recorded as special charges. The volatility of aluminum, inclusive of Midwest Premium, and freight and fuel costs continued to significantly impact our results during 2018. To the extent these prices continue to fluctuate, our business and financial results could be materially adversely impacted. We continue to monitor these risks and rely on our risk management hedging program to help mitigate price risk exposure for commodities including aluminum and fuel. In order to increase overall operating efficiency, during the first quarter of 2018, the U.S. segment announced plans to close the Colfax, California cidery. The cidery closed in January 2019 and cider production has moved to the 10th Street Brewery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We recognized special charges in 2018 associated with the cidery closure consisting primarily of accelerated depreciation in excess of normal depreciation. On October 11, 2016, we completed the Acquisition and as a result, MCBC owns 100% of the outstanding equity and voting interests of MillerCoors. Therefore, beginning October 11, 2016, MillerCoors' results of operations have been prospectively consolidated into MCBC’s consolidated financial statements and included in the U.S. segment. See Part II—Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,  Note 4, "Acquisition and Investments"  for further details. Additionally, effective January 1, 2017, the results of the MillerCoors Puerto Rico business, which were previously included as part of the U.S. segment, are now reported within the International segment. Note, we only present unaudited pro forma financial information for the consolidated entity and the U.S. segment. During the third quarter of 2015, the U.S. business announced plans to close its brewery in Eden, North Carolina in an effort to optimize the brewery footprint and streamline operations for greater efficiencies. Products produced in Eden were transitioned to other breweries in the U.S. supply chain network and the Eden brewery is now closed. Total special charges 46