Dual flight.  Flight time that is received and logged as training  time. Dual flight time must be endorsed by a Certificated  Flight Instructor. Dynamic hydroplaning.  A condition that exists when  landing on a surface with standing water deeper than the  tread depth of the tires. When the brakes are applied, there  is a possibility that the brake will lock up and the tire will  ride on the surface of the water, much like a water ski. When  tires are hydroplaning, directional control and braking action  are virtually impossible. An effective anti-skid system can  minimize the effects of hydroplaning. Dynamic pressure.  The pressure a moving fluid would have  if it were stopped. Reference 14 CFR section 61.51(h). Dynamic stability.  The property of an aircraft that causes  it, when disturbed from straight-and level flight, to develop  forces or moments that restore the original condition of  straight and level. EFAS.  See En Route Flight Advisory Service.  EGT.  See exhaust gas temperature. E-LSA (Experimental Light-Sport Aircraft). An aircraft  issued an experimental certificate under 14 CFR part 21. ELT.  See emergency locator transmitter. Emergency frequency.  Frequency that is used by aircraft in  distress to gain ATC assistance.121.5 MHz is an international  emergency frequency guarded by Flight Service Stations and  some military and civil aircraft. Reference AIM paragraph  6-3-1. Emergency locator transmitter (ELT).  A small, self- contained radio transmitter that will automatically, upon the  impact of a crash, transmit an emergency signal on 121.5,  243.0, or 406.0 MHz. Energy management.  The ability for a pilot to maintain  high kinetic energy levels in turbulent air and while near  the ground is energy management for WSC. Higher speed  and higher power is higher energy. Lower speed and lower  power is lower energy. En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS).  An en route  weather-only AFSS service. Encoding altimeter.  A special type of pressure altimeter  used to send a signal to the air traffic controller on the ground,  showing the pressure altitude the aircraft is flying. Final.  Leg of the traffic pattern that is a descending flightpath  starting from the completion of the base-to-final turn and  extending to the point of touchdown. Field elevation.  The highest point of an airport’s usable  runways measured in feet from mean sea level. Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) . The former name of  the part of 14 CFR comprised of rules prescribed by the FAA  governing all aviation activities in the United States. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).  The federal  agency within the Department of Transportation that has  the responsibility of promoting safety in the air, by both  regulation and education. Federal airways.  Class E airspace areas that extend upward  from 1,200 feet to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL, unless  otherwise specified. FAA knowledge exam.  Written exam administered by the  FAA as a prerequisite for pilot certification. Passing the  knowledge and practical exams is required for pilot applicants  to be issued FAA certificates or ratings. FAA inspector.  FAA personnel who can administer practical  and proficiency tests and can issue pilot certificates. FAA.  See Federal Aviation Administration. Exhaust manifold.  The part of the engine that collects  exhaust gases leaving the cylinders. Exhaust gas temperature (EGT).  The temperature of the  exhaust gases as they leave the cylinders of a reciprocating  engine. Exhaust.  The rear opening of a turbine engine exhaust duct.  The nozzle acts as an orifice, the size of which determines  the density and velocity of the gases as they emerge from  the engine. Evaporation.  The transformation of a liquid to a gaseous  state, such as the change of water to water vapor. Error chain.  A series of mistakes that may lead to an accident  or incident. Two basic principles generally associated with  the creation of an error chain are: (1) one bad decision often  leads to another; and (2) as a string of bad decisions grows, it  reduces the number of subsequent alternatives for continued  safe flight. Aeronautical decision making is intended to break  the error chain before it can cause an accident or incident. G-7