times it is acquired only through long, patient study and  diligent practice. The teaching process, on the other hand,  can be divided into steps. Although there is disagreement  about the number of steps, examination of the various  lists of steps in the teaching process reveals that different  authors are saying essentially the same thing: the teaching  of new material can be reduced to preparation, presentation,  application, and review and evaluation.  [Figure 10-6]  When beginning the teaching process, it may be helpful if  the instructor remembers that in order to provide a “holistic,”  or complete, approach to aviation training, it is necessary  to teach more than just the “how-to” of flying. Too many  times, the entire focus of flight training is spent on the  mechanical aspects of performing a maneuver; it may be a  better approach to also include and discuss the “why” of an  action, to assist the student in gaining a better understanding  of the flight process. For each lesson or instructional period, the instructor must  prepare a lesson plan. Traditionally, this plan includes a  Effective teaching is based on principles of learning which  have been previously discussed in this chapter. The learning  process is not easily separated into a definite number of steps.  Sometimes, learning occurs almost instantaneously, and other  The basis of the interference theory is that people forget  something because a certain experience has overshadowed  it, or that the learning of similar things has intervened.  This theory might explain how the range of experiences  after graduation from school causes a person to forget or to  lose knowledge. In other words, new events displace many  things that had been learned. From experiments, at least two  conclusions about interference may be drawn. First, similar  material seems to interfere with memory more than dissimilar  material; and second, material not well learned suffers most  from interference. there, locked in the recesses of the mind. The difficulty is  summoning it up to consciousness. Interference The Teaching Process Preparation  Figure 10-6.  The teaching process consists of four basic principles. 10-10