217 SARs Original number granted Outstanding  January 1,  2013 Outstanding  December 31,  2013 Exercise price in EUR Exercise period 2006 244,300 135,200 - 14.00 until March 14, 2013 2007 309,500 121,500 115,200 14.98 until March 13, 2014 2008 300,300 179,300 172,700 8.93 until March 11, 2015 Total 854,100 436,000 287,900 Number of share options Weighted average exercise price in EUR Weighted average  remaining contractual  term in years Aggregate  intrinsic in  EUR million Outstanding at January 1, 2012 18,778,361 11.91 1.98 - Forfeited/Cancelled (4,855,384) 11.44 Outstanding at December 31, 2012 13,922,977 12.09 1.31 ­ Forfeited/Cancelled (1,034,306) 11.66 Expired (4,392,903) 14.00 Outstanding at December 31, 2013 8,495,768 11.15 0.84 ­ Exercisable at December 31, 2013 8,495,768 11.15 0.84 ­ Share options Original number granted Outstanding  January 1,  2013 Outstanding  December 31,  2013 Exercise price in EUR Exercise period 2006 9,149,500 4,520,403 - 14.00 until March 14, 2013 2007 9,522,200 3,478,732 3,118,054 14.98 until March 13, 2014 2008 10,269,900 5,923,842 5,377,714 8.93 until March 11, 2015 Total 28,941,600 13,922,977 8,495,768 Refer to note 3 for a further description of the method used to estimate the fair value and a description of the significant assumptions.  The volatility is derived from quotations from external market sources and the expected dividend yield is derived from quotations from  external market sources and the binomial option pricing model.  The liability related to share appreciation rights is valued at fair value at each balance sheet date. There were no costs related to  the share appreciation rights in 2013 (2012: nil; 2011: nil). The following tables present the movements in number of share options, as well as the breakdown by the year in which they  were granted. The costs related to the share options amount to EUR (1) million (2012: EUR (2) million and 2011: EUR (1) million) and are recognized  in the income statement as part of “Commissions and expenses”. No SARs and share options were granted after 2008. With regard to the SARs and options granted before 2009, no share options  were exercised and no SARs were paid during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Similarly, no cash is received from exercise of share options during  2011, 2012 and 2013. The exposure from the issued SARs and share options is economically hedged by part of the position in treasury shares. There have  been no modifications to the plans during the financial year. Refer to note 56 for detailed information on conditional shares and share options granted to the Executive Board. Share appreciation rights and share options Share options