Construction of Giresun Wastewater Treatment Plant  Tender Dossier Volume 3 Employer’s Requirements  Section 05: Earth Works, Pipe Works and Ground Improvement  39 of 49 provided to maintain the alignment of the longitudinal reinforcement at centres not closer than  150 mm.  Unless otherwise dictated by the design, reinforcement in precast concrete piles shall comply with the  following minimum requirements:   Areas of longitudinal reinforcement of 12 mm diameter minimum shall be at least 1% of the  gross concrete area (cast in-situ and precast concrete piles) :   Lateral reinforcement shall be in the form of hoops or links not less than 6 mm diameter. Over  a distance of 3 times the width of the pile measured from each end of the pile the volume of  lateral reinforcement shall be not less than 0.6 % of the gross volume. In the body of the pile,  lateral reinforcement shall be not less than 0.4% spaced at not more than half the width of the  pile. The transition between the close spacing near the ends and the maximum spacing shall be  made gradually over a length equal to 3 times the width.  Piles of rectangular cross section shall have a minimum of 4 No. longitudinal reinforcement bars and  piles of circular cross section shall have a minimum of 6 No. longitudinal reinforcement bars. Bars  shall be 12 mm diameter minimum. The main longitudinal bars shall be level at the top of the pile and  fit tightly into the shoe if one is used.  Hoops and links shall fit tightly against longitudinal bars and be bound to them by welding or soft iron  wire with the free ends turned inwards. The longitudinal bars shall be held apart by spreader forks not  more than 1.5m apart.  The main longitudinal reinforcing bars in piles not exceeding 12 m length shall be in one continuous  length unless otherwise specified elsewhere. In piles exceeding 12 m in length joints will be permitted  in main longitudinal bars at 12 m nominal intervals. Joints in adjacent bars shall be staggered at least 1  m apart along the length of the pile. Joints shall be such that the full strength of the bar is effective  across the joint.  The cover to the outermost reinforcement, including binding wire shall not be less than 75 mm meas- ured to the inside of the casing. Lap or splice joints shall be provided with sufficient link bars or other  elements to resist eccentric forces. Laps shall have a minimum length of 50 times the diameter of the  main longitudinal reinforcement.  Main longitudinal reinforcement shall project a minimum of 50 times the bar diameter above the cut- off level of the pile. For precast piles, compliance with this requirement will necessitate breaking  down of the pile head after driving.  5.4.6.10 Pile shoes  Driven piles shall be provided with flat or pointed co-axial shoes of cast iron if driving is liable to  damage the concrete at the tip of the pile.  Cast iron pile shoes shall be made from ”chill hardened” iron of the grade used for making grey iron  castings. The chilled iron point shall be free from major blow holes and other surface defects.  5.4.6.11 Records  The Contractor shall maintain a complete record of all piling works which shall include the following  where relevant:   Pile type and number   Nominal diameter or dimension and pile length   Date concreted and date driven   Depth from ground level to toe of pile  5_Vol3_d4.3_Section 5 Earth and pipe works_en_GIR_rev6.docx 