POWER9 processors were conceived to have new and unique features for technical  computing to offer the following advantages: IBM and NVIDIA worked together to integrate IBM Power Systems server with NVIDIA  graphics processing units (GPUs) to enable GPU-accelerated applications and workloads. The computational capability that is provided by the combination of NVIDIA Tesla GPUs and  IBM Power Systems servers enables workloads for scientific, technical, and HPC jobs to run  on data center hardware. In most cases, these workloads run on supercomputing hardware.  This computational capability is built on top of massively parallel and multithreaded cores with  NVIDIA Tesla GPUs and IBM Power Architecturefi processors, where processor-intensive  operations are offloaded to GPUs and coupled with the system’s high memory-hierarchy  bandwidth and I/O throughput. IBM also partnered with Mellanox to integrate Mellanox InfiniBand networking solutions into  IBM solutions. This enhanced interconnection of different HPC components eliminated I/O  bottlenecks.  Another advantage of implementing HPC in POWER9 processor-based systems is the rich  infrastructure of software that is built around it to take advantage of its strength. The software  stack that is contributed by IBM, OpenPower partners, and open source entities satisfy the  needs of technical computing users, administrators, and developers.  In summary, the HPC solutions from IBM have the following attributes: Because IBM was leading the definition of the new POWER processor-based architectures  within the OpenPOWER Foundation, IBM learned in 2013 about two contracts to build the  next generations of supercomputers, which include the US Department of Energy’s  Collaboration of Oak Ridge National Labs (ORNL), and Lawrence Livermore National Labs  (LLNL), which are collectively known as the CORAL program. Both CORAL systems (Summit at ORNL and Sierra at LLNL) were the number one and two  top-performing supercomputers on Top500. For example, Summit has a hybrid architecture, and each node contains multiple POWER9  processors and NVIDIA Volta GPUs connected together by NVIDIA NVLink. Each node has  over half a terabyte of coherent memory (high-bandwidth memory (HBM2) + DDR4)  addressable by all processors and GPUs plus the non-volatile RAM that can be used as a  burst buffer (BB) or as extended memory. To provide a high rate of I/O throughput, the nodes  are connected in a non-blocking fat-tree by using a dual-rail Mellanox EDR InfiniBand  interconnect. Chapter 1. Introduction to IBM high-performance computing  3 1.3 Overview of the POWER9 processor-based CORAL Project  GLYPH<SM590000> They are developed specifically to support compute-intensive big data analytics and AI  computing environments. GLYPH<SM590000> They are powered by industry-leading hardware, POWER9 processors, NVIDIA GPUs,  and Mellanox connectivity solutions. GLYPH<SM590000> They offer a robust and integrated solution with ease of administration. GLYPH<SM590000> Help deliver the highest performance per core. GLYPH<SM590000> Achieve energy efficiency within processor technologies. GLYPH<SM590000> Deliver scalability. GLYPH<SM590000> Provide reliability.