This increase in 2002 was driven by increased fees, service charges, debit card revenue, ATM revenue and investment and insurance com- missions generated by TCF’s expanding branch network and cus- tomer base. The increase in fees and service charges, debit card revenue and ATM revenue primarily reflect the increase in the num- ber of retail checking accounts, which totaled 1,338,000 accounts at December 31, 2002, up from 1,249,000 accounts at December 31, 2001. The average annual fee revenue per retail checking account was $218 for 2002, compared with $209 for 2001. Non-Interest Income Non-interest income is a significant source of revenue for TCF, representing 45.6% of total revenues in 2002, and is an important factor in TCF’s results of operations. Providing a wide range of retail banking services is an integral com- ponent of TCF’s business philosophy and a major strategy for gen- erating additional non-interest income. Excluding gains on sales of securities available for sale and branches, non-interest income increased $38 million, or 10.4%, during 2002 to $405.3 million. The following table presents the components of non-interest income:  Fees and service charges increased $30.9 million, or 15.8%, to $226.1 million in 2002 and $28.8 million, or 17.3%, to $195.2 mil- lion in 2001. This increase reflects the impact of the investment in new branch expansion and the increase in the number of retail checking accounts.  $^{(1)}$Title insurance business was sold in 1999. Debit card revenue includes interchange fees on the TCF Express Card which were $46.2 million, $37.6 million and $28.8 million for 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The significant increase in these fees since 2000 reflects an increase in the distribution  of TCF Express Cards, and an increase in utilization which is  page 26 Year Ended December 31,  Compound Annual Growth Rate  1-Year 5-Year (Dollars in thousands) 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 2002/2001 2002/1997 Fees and service charges . . . . . . . $226,051  $195,162 $166,394 $138,198 $109,934 15.8% 21.9% Debit card revenue . . . . . . . . . . 46,224  40,525 30,614 20,746 11,639 14.1 64.9 ATM revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,342 45,768 47,333 46,398 38,917 (.9) 10.9 Investments and insurance commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,781  11,535 12,266 14,849 13,926 36.8  5.8 Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333,398  292,990 256,607 220,191 174,416 13.8  21.4 Leasing and equipment finance . . 51,628  45,730 38,442 28,505 31,344 12.9 10.0 Mortgage banking . . . . . . . . . . . 6,979  12,042 10,519 12,770 16,877 (42.0) (12.7) Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,339  16,545 17,895 12,854 13,058 (19.4) 3.4 Fees and other revenue . . 405,344  367,307 323,463 274,320 235,695 10.4  17.1 Gains on sales of: Securities available for sale . . 11,536 863 – 3,194 2,246 Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962  3,316 12,813 12,160 18,585 Loan servicing . . . . . . . . . . . – – – 3,076 2,414 Subsidiaries and joint venture interest . . . . . . . – – – 5,522 5,580 Title insurance revenues (1)  . . . . . –  – – 15,421 20,161 Other non-interest income . . 13,498  4,179 12,813 39,373 48,986 Total non-interest income . . . . . . . . . . . $418,842  $371,486 $336,276 $313,693 $284,681 12.7 13.6  Fees and other revenue as a: percentage of top-line revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.81% 43.29% 42.45% 39.27% 35.63% percentage of average assets . . 3.49  3.18 2.98 2.67 2.45