Navigation  Chapter 16  Introduction  This chapter provides an introduction to cross-country  flying under visual flight rules (VFR). It contains practical  information for planning and executing cross-country flights  for the beginning pilot.  Air navigation is the process of piloting an aircraft from  one geographic position to another while monitoring one’s  position as the flight progresses. It introduces the need for  planning, which includes plotting the course on an aeronautical  chart, selecting checkpoints, measuring distances, obtaining  pertinent weather information, and computing flight time,  headings, and fuel requirements. The methods used in this  chapter include pilotage—navigating by reference to visible  landmarks, dead reckoning—computations of direction and  distance from a known position, and radio navigation—by  use of radio aids. 