3-23 The four fundamental maneuvers of straight-and-level  flight, turns, climbs, and descents are the foundation of basic  airmanship. Effort and continued practice are required to  master the fundamentals. It is important that a pilot consider  the six motions of flight: bank, pitch, yaw and horizontal,  vertical, and lateral displacement. In order for an airplane to  fly from one location to another, it pitches, banks, and yaws  while it moves over and above, in relationship to the ground,  to reach its destination. The airplane must be treated as an  aerodynamic vehicle that is subject to rigid aerodynamic  laws. A pilot must understand and apply the principles of  flight in order to control an airplane with the greatest margin  of mastery and safety. Chapter Summary • Cross-controlling during gliding turns near the ground. • Failure to maintain constant bank angle during gliding  turns.