mysql_upgrade — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables Unless invoked with the  --skip-sys-schema  option,  mysql_upgrade  installs the  sys  schema if it is not installed, and upgrades it to the current version otherwise. An error occurs if a  sys  schema exists but has no  version  view, on the assumption that its absence indicates a user-created schema: To upgrade in this case, remove or rename the existing  sys  schema first. mysql_upgrade  supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the [mysql_upgrade]  and  [client]  groups of an option file. For information about option files used by MySQL programs, see Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files” . A sys schema exists with no sys.version view. If you have a user created sys schema, this must be renamed for the upgrade to succeed. Table 4.10 mysql_upgrade Options Option Name Description Introduced Deprecated --bind-address Use specified network interface to connect to MySQL Server --character-sets-dir Directory where character sets are installed --compress Compress all information sent between client and server 8.0.18 --compression-algorithms Permitted compression algorithms for connections to server 8.0.18 --debug Write debugging log --debug-check Print debugging information when program exits --debug-info Print debugging information, memory, and CPU statistics when program exits --default-auth Authentication plugin to use --default-character-set Specify default character set --defaults-extra-file Read named option file in addition to usual option files --defaults-file Read only named option file --defaults-group-suffix Option group suffix value --force Force execution even if mysql_upgrade has already been executed 406