Performance Audit Report on the Control of F MD 3.4.2 ROUTINE FENCE MAINTENANCE AND PICKET PATROLS  3.4.3 QUARANTINES  3.4.4 MOVEMENT CONTROLS  To ensure the effectiveness of cordon fences in controlling animal diseases, the  DVS regularly maintains the fences. Each cordon fence has a number of camp  sites for fence maintenance staff comprising fence erectors, gate keepers, store  keepers and drivers. In between camps, there are pickets manned by picketers.  Picketers patrol allocated fence sections, carry out minor repairs to the fence and  chase away livestock from the cordon fence. Each patrol by a picketer is about 5  km or 10 km if on bicycle. District Offices supervise fence maintenance work and  patrols through weekly visits to the fences, and ultimately report monthly on  fence condition to DVS headquarters. During disease outbreaks, fence patrols  are strengthened by joint fence and border patrols with the police and the  army. 16 As part of the country’s zoning programme, the DVS has established 18 cattle  quarantine camps to control animal movement into higher animal health status  zones (green zones). These camps are large tracts of land, usually double fenced  and divided into several paddocks with a central borehole and a crush pen.  Animals are kept for 28 days and vaccinated against FMD at days one (1), 14  and 28. Quarantines are used for infected animals and suspected animals.  Although these quarantine camps are not used to achieve a higher health status  (FMD freedom), they indicate that the DVS is able to establish and maintain a  form of compartmentalisation 17 .  In an FMD outbreak, quarantine and movement control are critical activities for  an effective FMD response effort. Movement of infected animals, animal  products, and contaminated fomites, are restricted to stop the spread of the  $^{16}$ Interviews with DVS Technical staff, DVS Fence Strategy  $^{17}$ FMD Contingency plans for Botswana, Review of FMD Control Strategies in Botswana  18 |  P a g e