An important point is that the masses induced by the flat direction VEV are SUSY conserving. One therefore finds the same mass spectrum in the fermionic sector. More specifically, the Higgsino fields ˜ H 1 u and ˜ H 2 d are paired with the Winos, while ( ˜ H 2 u − ˜ H 1 $_{d}$) $_{/}$√$_{2}$ is paired with the Zino to acquire masses equal to m$_{W}$ and m$_{Z}$ , respectively, through the gaugino-gauge-Higgsino interaction terms. The fermionic partner of the flat direction ( ˜ H 2 $_{u}$+ ˜ H 1 $_{d}$) $_{/}$√$_{2 remains massless (note that the photon and photino are also massless, but not}$ relevant for our discussion). SUSY being broken, ϕ obtains a mass m$_{ϕ}$ ∼ O (TeV) from soft SUSY breaking term (the same is true for the gauginos). However, for gϕ$_{0}$ ≫ O (TeV), which is the situation relevant to the early Universe, the mass spectrum is hierarchical: χ$_{1}$$_{, R}$ , χ$_{2}$ , and gauge fields (plus their fermionic partners) are superheavy. In a general case the total number of light scalars, N$_{light}$ , is given by [410, 411]: where N$_{total}$ is the total number of scalar degrees of freedom, and N$_{broken}$ is the number of spontaneously broken symmetries. Note that the factor 2 counts for the number of eaten Goldstone bosons plus the number of degrees of freedom which have obtained large masses equal to those of the gauge bosons. In the case of H$_{u}$H$_{d}$ direction, Eq. (134) reads: N$_{light}$ = 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 − (2 × 3). Similarly, for LH$_{u}$ flat direction, N$_{light}$ = 2 × 2 × 2 − (2 × 3) = 2. At tree level, N = 1 SUGRA potential in four dimensions is given by the sum of F and D -terms [31] E. N = 1 Supergravity (SUGRA) N$_{light}$ = N$_{total}$ − (2 × N$_{broken}$ ) , (134) where V = e K ( φ$_{i}$,φ ∗ $^{i}$) /M 2 P [ ( $_{K}$− 1 ) j i F$_{i}$F j − 3 | W | 2 M 2 P ] + g 2 2 Re $_{f}$− 1 ab ˆ D a ˆ D $^{b}$, (135) F i = W i + K i W M 2 Pl , ˆ D a = − K $^{i}$( T $^{a}$) j $_{i}$φ$_{j}$ + ξ $^{a}$. (136) where we have added the Fayet-Iliopoulos contribution ξ a to the D -term, and ˆ D a = D $^{a}$/g$^{a}$, where g a is gauge coupling. Here K ( φ$_{i}$, φ ∗ $^{i}$) is the K¨ ahler potential, which is a function of the fields φ$_{i}$ , and K i ≡ ∂K/∂φ$_{i}$ . In the simplest case, at tree-level K = φ ∗ $^{i}$φ$_{i}$ (and 61