production and only recently began bringing some production back on line in this year's third quarter . Our sales in Venezuela  during 2014 approximated $110 as compared to $170 in 2013. As more fully described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, developments within the parallel  Complementary System of Foreign Currency  Administration (SICAD) and SICAD 2 foreign exchange markets and uncertainty  surrounding future use of the of ficial exchange rate to transact business resulted in our decision to begin using the SICAD rate  rather than the official exchange rate at March 31, 2014 to translate the financial statements of our subsidiaries in  Venezuela  into U.S. dollars. Prior to March 31, 2014, we had used the of ficial exchange rate of 6.3 bolivars per U.S. dollar . Use of the  10.7 bolivars per U.S. dollar SICAD rate for translation at March 31, 2014 resulted in a char ge of $17 that was recognized in  first quarter 2014 other income, net. Since March 31, 2014, the SICAD rate has increased to 12.0 bolivars per U.S. dollar at  December 31, 2014, resulting in additional translation losses of $3. In this year's third quarter , the Venezuela government  granted authorization to companies in the automotive and automotive parts industry to access the SICAD market to purchase  U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we began accessing the SICAD market in the third quarter to obtain U.S. dollars which were used to  purchase materials supporting limited resumption of production. During 2014, the National Center of Foreign Commerce (CENCOEX) approved $20 of our submitted requests to satisfy  U.S. dollar-denominated obligations with bolivars at the of ficial exchange rate of 6.3. We recognized foreign exchange gains of  $8 in other income, net on these transactions as such bolivars had been valued at the higher SICAD rate.  The proceeds from  these currency exchanges were used to reduce U.S. dollar -denominated liabilities of our operations in  Venezuela.  Subsequent to March 31, 2014, to satisfy applicable  Venezuela import/export and foreign exchange requirements, our  operations in Venezuela collected U.S. dollar-denominated intercompany receivables and exchanged the proceeds thereon, net  of expenses, for bolivars in the SICAD 2 market at an average rate of 49.9 bolivars per U.S. dollar . Upon translation of the  bolivars at the SICAD rate, we recognized currency transaction gains of $15 in other income, net. In addition, our operations in  Venezuela purchased U.S. dollars in the SICAD 2 market to settle certain obligations and recognized currency transaction  losses of $1 in other income, net. In December 2014, we entered into an agreement to divest our operations in  Venezuela (the disposal group) for no  consideration to an unaffiliated company. We completed the divestiture in January 2015. In connection with the divestiture, we  entered into a supply and technology agreement whereby Dana will supply product and technology to the operations at  competitive market prices. Dana has no obligations to otherwise provide support to the operations.  The disposal group was  classified as held for sale at December 31, 2014, and we recognized a net char ge of $77 – an $80 loss to adjust the carrying  value of the net assets to fair value less cost to sell, with a reduction of $3 for the noncontrolling interest share of the loss. These assets and liabilities are presented as held for sale on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. See Note 2 to our  consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information.  With the completion of the sale in January 2015, Dana  has no remaining investment in Venezuela. The cost of our products may be significantly impacted by changes in raw material commodity prices, the most important  to us being those of various grades of steel, aluminum, copper and brass.  The effects of changes in commodity prices are  reflected directly in our purchases of commodities and indirectly through our purchases of products such as castings, for gings,  bearings and component parts that include commodities. Most of our major customer agreements have provisions which allow  us to pass the effects of significant commodity price changes through to those customers.  Where such formal agreements are  not present, we have historically been successful implementing price adjustments that lar gely compensate for the inflationary  impact of material costs. Material cost changes will customarily have some impact on our financial results as contractual  recoveries and inflation-based pricing adjustments typically lag the cost increases. Higher commodity prices increased our costs by approximately $35 in 2014, $20 in 2013 and $50 in 2012, while material  recovery and other pricing actions increased sales by about $65 in 2014, $30 in 2013 and $1 10 in 2012. 18 Commodity Costs