AMDOCS LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (dollar and share amounts in thousands, except per share data) Revenue Recognition F-13 As a result of a significant portion of the Company’s revenue being subject to the percentage of completion accounting method, the Company’s annual and quarterly operating results may be significantly affected by the size and timing of customer projects and the Company’s progress in completing such projects. Many of the Company’s agreements include multiple deliverables. The Company’s multiple element arrangements are comprised of a variety of different combinations of the deliverables mentioned above. For multiple element arrangements within the scope of software revenue recognition guidance, the Company allocates revenue to each element based upon its relative fair value as determined by Vendor Specific Objective Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement, which in most cases is one year. Revenue from third-party hardware sales is recognized upon delivery and installation, and revenue from third-party software sales is recognized upon delivery. Revenue from third-party hardware and software sales is recorded at gross amount for transactions in which the Company is the primary obligor under the arrangement as well as, in some cases, possesses other attributes such as latitude in determining prices and selecting suppliers. In specific circumstances where the Company does not meet the above criteria, particularly when the contract stipulates that the Company is not the primary obligor, the Company recognizes revenue on a net basis. Revenue from third-party sales is included in service revenue and was less than 10% of total revenue in each of fiscal 2013, 2012 and 2011. In certain arrangements, the Company may earn revenue from other third-party services which is recorded at a gross amount as the Company is the primary obligor under the arrangement. In managed services contracts and in other long term contracts, revenue from the operation of a customer’s system is recognized either as services are performed based on time elapsed, output produced, volume of data processed or subscriber count, depending on the specific contract terms of the managed services arrangement. Typically, managed services contracts are long term in duration and are not subject to seasonality. Revenue from ongoing support services is recognized as work is performed. Fees are generally considered fixed and determinable unless a significant portion (more than 10%) of the license and related service fee is due more than 12 months after delivery, in which case license and related services fees are recognized when payments are due. Service revenue that involves significant ongoing obligations, including fees for software customization, modification, implementation and integration as part of a long-term contract, is recognized as work is performed, under the percentage of completion method of accounting. Revenue from software solutions that do not require significant customization, implementation and modification is recognized upon delivery. Service revenue that does not involve significant ongoing obligations is recognized as services are rendered. Initial license fee for software revenue is recognized as work is performed, under the percentage of completion method of accounting. Subsequent license fee revenue is recognized upon completion of specified conditions in each contract, based on a customer’s subscriber level or transaction volume or other measurements when greater than the level specified in the contract for the initial license fee. Revenue is recognized only when all of the following conditions have been met: (i) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (ii) delivery has occurred; (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectibility of the fee is reasonably assured. The Company usually sells its software licenses as part of an overall solution offered to a customer that combines the sale of software licenses with a broad range of services, which normally include significant customization, modification, implementation and integration. Those services are deemed essential to the software. As a result, combined license and service revenue is generally recognized over the course of these long-term projects, using the percentage of completion method of accounting. When total cost estimates for these types of arrangements exceed revenues in a fixed-price arrangement, the estimated losses are recognized immediately based upon the cost applicable to the delivering unit.