42 CKM-matrix. We then explored the implications of the SM4 for a variety of processes such as a$_{CP}$ ( B → X$_{s}$γ ), Br ( B$_{s}$ → µ $^{+}$µ − ), a$_{CP}$ ( B → X$_{s}$l $^{+}$l − ), A$_{SL}$ ( B$_{s}$ → X$_{s}$ℓν ), A$_{FB}$ ( B → X$_{s}$l $^{+}$l − ), A$_{FB}$ ( B → K ∗ l $^{+}$l − ), Br ( B → X$_{s}$ν ¯ ν ), CP asymmetries in B → π $^{0}$K$_{s}$ and in B → π $^{0}$π0 etc. We identified many processes wherein SM4 predicts significant differences from SM3, e.g S ( B$_{s}$ → ψφ ), a$_{CP}$ ( B → X$_{s}$γ ), a$_{CP}$ ( B → X$_{s}$l $^{+}$l − ), A$_{SL}$ ( B$_{s}$ → X$_{s}$ℓν ), Br ( B → X$_{s}$ν ¯ ν ), Br ( B$_{s}$ → µ $^{+}$µ − ), Br ( K$_{L}$ → π $^{0}$ν ¯ ν ) etc; thus studies therein should especially provide further understanding of the parameter space of SM4. One of the most interesting aspect of the 4th generation hypothesis is that it is testable relatively easily in the LHC experiments where in fact it has distinctive signatures [17]. In the coming few years not only we should be able to learn about the existence or lack thereof of quarks and leptons of the 4th family, the heavier Higgs that is also favored in SM4 scenario should be easier to search for in the LHC experiments via the gold-plated mode: H → ZZ . Also the heavy Higgs has interesting implications for flavour-diagonal and flavour-changing final states involving t ′ and/or b ′ [125]. Therefore, LHC should shed significant light on the question of SM4 in the next few years. We want to thank Andrzej Buras, Martin Beneke, Thorsten Feldmann, Tillmann Hei- dsieck, Alexander Lenz and Giovanni Punzi for many discussions. SN would also like to thank Carlo Giunti for discussion regarding numerical analysis and the theory division of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) , in particular to Gautam Bhattacharyya, for hos- pitality. The work of AKA is financially supported by NSERC of Canada. The work of AS is suppported in part by the US DOE grant # DE-AC02-98CH10886(BNL). The work of AG is supported in part by CSIR and DST, Govt. of India and the work of RM is supported in part by DST, Govt. of India. SN’s work is supported in part by MIUR under contract 2008H8F9RA 002 and by the European Communitys Marie-Curie Research Training Net- work under contract MRTN-CT-2006-035505 Tools and Precision Calculations for Physics Discoveries at Colliders. Acknowledgments [1] N. Cabibbo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 , 531 (1963).