Figure 1-8. Standard airway beacon installation. Figure 1-7.  A standard airway beacon tower.  Figure 1-9.  The third head of the Aeronautics Branch, Eugene  L. Vidal, is flanked by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (left) and  Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace (right). The photograph  was taken in 1933. During Vidal’s tenure, the Aeronautics Branch  was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce on July 1, 1934. The  new name more accurately reflected the status of the organization  within the Department of Commerce.  Figure 1-8.  The first pilot license was issued to William P.  MacCracken, Jr.  and encouraged them to form the first three Air Traffic  Control (ATC) facilities along the established air routes.  Then in 1936, the Bureau of Air Commerce took over the  responsibilities of operating the centers and continued to  advance the ATC facilities. ATC has come a long way from  the early controllers using maps, chalkboards, and performing  mental math calculations in order to separate aircraft along  flight routes.  In 1938, the Civil Aeronautics Act transferred the civil  aviation responsibilities to a newly created, independent  body, named the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA). This  Act empowered the CAA to regulate airfares and establish  new routes for the airlines to service.  President Franklin Roosevelt split the CAA into two  agencies—the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA)  and the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). Both agencies  were still part of the Department of Commerce but the CAB  functioned independently of the Secretary of Commerce.  The role of the CAA was to facilitate ATC, certification of  airmen and aircraft, rule enforcement, and the development  of new airways. The CAB was charged with rule making to  enhance safety, accident investigation, and the economic  regulation of the airlines. Then in 1946, Congress gave the  CAA the responsibility of administering the Federal Aid  1-5  The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938  D-KC 