6. Loans and Leases Loans and leases consist of the following: At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the recorded investment in loans that were considered to be impaired was $12.1 million and $18.8 million, respectively. The related allowance for loan losses at those dates was $5.5 and $5 million, respectively. All of the impaired loans were on non-accrual status. There were no impaired loans at December 31, 2002 or 2001 which did not have a related allowance for loan losses. The average recorded investment in impaired loans during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was  $14.7 million, $9.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, TCF  recognized interest income on impaired loans of $92,000, $29,000 and $40,000, all of which was recognized using the cash basis method of income recognition. At December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, loans and leases on non- accrual status totaled $43.6 million, $52 million and $35.2 mil- lion, respectively. Had the loans and leases performed in accordance with their original terms for 2002, 2001 and 2000, TCF would have recorded gross interest income of $4.3 million, $5.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, for these loans and leases. Interest income of $1.2 million, $1.7 million and $1.6 million has been recorded on these loans and leases for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, TCF had no loans out- standing with terms that had been modified in troubled debt restructurings. There were no material commitments to lend addi- tional funds to customers whose loans or leases were classified as non-accrual at December 31, 2002. The aggregate amount of loans to non-management directors of TCF and their related interests was $35.3 million and $31.8 million at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. During 2002, $5.1 million of new loans were made and repayments of such loans totaled $1.6 million. All loans to outside directors and their related  page 55 At December 31, Percentage (Dollars in thousands) 2002 2001 Change Consumer: Home equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,955,644 $2,443,788 20.9% Other secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,411 43,433 (23.1) Unsecured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,827 22,112 (23.9) 3,005,882 2,509,333 19.8 Commercial: Commercial real estate: Permanent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639,860 1,444,484 13.5 Construction and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,928 177,977 10.1 1,835,788 1,622,461 13.1 Commercial business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440,074 422,381 4.2 2,275,862 2,044,842 11.3 Leasing and equipment finance: Equipment finance loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,558 271,398 6.7 Lease financings: Direct financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758,169 691,899 9.6 Sales-type leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,346 36,272 (16.3) Lease residuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,375 33,860 4.5 Unearned income and deferred lease costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (95,927) (94,300) 1.7 Investment in leveraged leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,519 17,608 22.2 749,482 685,339 9.4 1,039,040 956,737 8.6 Total consumer, commercial and leasing and equipment finance . . . . . . . . . 6,320,784 5,510,912 14.7 Residential real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800,344 2,733,290 (34.1) $8,121,128 $8,244,202 (1.5)