the active power can be expressed in terms of the d-q frame currents and voltages according to the following equation Neglecting the zero-sequence current and voltage (V0,i0), the following simplified form for the active power is considered: Equation (6) Considering that voltages Vd(t) and Vq(t) are applied through a standard Space Vector Modulation switching strategy, they relate to the duty cycles Ud(t) and Uq(t) [PU] by Equation (7) then it results in: Equation (8) By defining the active current ia(t): Equation (9)