Mar. 26, 2015  6  US 2015/0086912 Al  -continued  -continued  (ZII)  0  0  * -Z1-N-Z2-Rz1 A  (ZIii)  (ZA-2)  [0084]  In formulae  (ZII)  and  (ZIII),  each of  Zi, Z$_{2}$ ,  Z$_{3}$ ,  Z$_{4 }$ and Z$_{5 }$ independently represents -CO- or -S0$_{2}$-, and  more preferably -S0$_{2}$ -.  [0085]  Each ofRzi, Rz$_{2 }$ and Rz$_{3 }$ independently represents  an alkyl group, a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic  group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. An embodiment in  which a part or all of the hydrogen atoms of these groups are  substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group (more  preferably a perfluoroalkyl group) is more preferable, and an  embodiment in which 30% to 100% of the number of the  hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms is espe› cially preferable.  [0086]  * represents a bonding position toAr2 in formula  (I).  [0087]  The above alkyl group may be linear or branched,  and the preferred examples thereof include an alkyl group  having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl  group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group and an  octyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6  carbon atoms, and especially preferably an alkyl group hav› ing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.  [0088]  The monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic group  is preferably a cycloalkyl group, more preferably a monova› lent cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g., a  cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group,  and still more preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6  carbon atoms.  [0089]  The aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6  to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably anaryl group having 6 to  10 carbon atoms, and especially preferably a phenyl group.  [0090]  The aralkyl group is preferably an aralkyl group  obtained by bonding an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon  atoms and the above aryl group, more preferably an aralkyl  group obtained by bonding an alkylene group having 1 to 6  carbon atoms and the above aryl group, and especially pref› erably an aralkyl group obtained by bonding an alkylene  group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the above aryl group.  [0091]  Each of Rzi, Rz$_{2 }$ and Rz$_{3 }$ is preferably an alkyl  group in which a part or all of the hydrogen atoms are sub› stituted with a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group (more  preferably a perfluoroalkyl group), and especially preferably  an alkyl group in which 30% to 100% of the number of the  hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.  [0092]  In the above formulae  (ZI)  to  (ZIII),  A+ represents a  sulfonium cation or an iodonium cation, and the structure  represented by the following formula (ZA-1) or (ZA-2) is  preferred.  [0103]  The aryl group, alkyl group and monovalent ali› phatic hydrocarbon cyclic group ofR$_{201 }$to R$_{203 }$may have, as  a substituent, an alkyl group (e.g., having 1 to 15 carbon  atoms), a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic group  (e.g., having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably a cycloalkyl  group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an aryl group (e.g.,  having 6 to 14 carbon atoms), an alkoxy group ( e.g., having 1  to 15 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a  [0102]  The alkyl group or monovalent aliphatic hydrocar› bon cyclic group that the arylsulfonium contains according to  necessity is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group hav› ing 1 to 15 carbon atoms or a monovalent aliphatic hydrocar› bon cyclic group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and the  examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a  propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl  group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group and a cyclo› hexyl group. The monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic  group is preferably a cycloalkyl group.  [0101]  When the arylsulfonium has two or aryl groups, the  two or more aryl groups may be the same with or different  from every other aryl group.  [0100]  The aryl group in the arylsulfonium is preferably a  phenyl group or a naphthyl group. The aryl group may be an  aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen  atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or the like. As the  heterocyclic structure, structures such as pyrrole, furan,  thiophene, indole, benzofuran and benzothiophene are exem› plified.  [0099]  For example, a group corresponding to triarylsulfo› nium, diarylalkylsulfonium, aryldialkylsulfonium, diarylcy› cloalkylsulfonium, or aryldicycloalkylsulfonium can be  exemplified.  [0098]  All ofR$_{201 }$to R$_{203 }$may be aryl groups, or a part of  R$_{201 }$ to R$_{203 }$ is an aryl group and the remainder may be an  alkyl group or a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon cyclic  group.  [0097]  The group (ZA-1-1) is such a group that at least one  ofR$_{201 }$to R$_{203 }$in formula (ZA-1) is an aryl group, that is, a  group having arylsulfonium as a cation.  [0096]  In the first place, the group represented by formula  (ZA-1-1) is described.  [0095]  As the organic group represented by R$_{201}$, R$_{202 }$and  R$_{203}$, the corresponding groups in the groups represented by  formula (ZA-1-1), (ZA-1-2) or (ZA-1-3) described later as  the preferred group of the groups represented by formula  (ZA-1) can be exemplified, and the especially preferred  organic groups are the corresponding groups in the groups  represented by formula (ZA-1-1) or (ZA-1-3).  [0094]  Any two of R$_{201 }$ to R$_{203 }$may be bonded to form a  cyclic structure (including a condensed ring), and an oxygen  atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amido bond, or a  carbony 1 group may further be contained in the ring other than  the sulfur atom in the formula. As the group formed by bond› ing two ofR$_{201 }$ to R$_{203}$ , an alkylene group (e.g., a butylene  group or a pentylene group) can be exemplified.  [0093]  In formula (ZA-1), each of R$_{201}$, R 202  and R$_{203 }$ independently represents an organic group. The number of  carbon atoms of the organic group as R$_{201}$, R$_{202 }$and R$_{203 }$is  generally 1 to 30, and preferably 1 to 20.  (ZA-1) 