Fixed-Pitch Propeller ...................................4-6 Ground Adjustable-Pitch Propeller ..............4-6 Induction Systems ..............................................4-6 Carburetor Systems ............................................4-6 Two-Stroke Carburetor Jetting .....................4-7 Four-Stroke Mixture Settings .......................4-8 Carburetor Icing ...........................................4-8 Fuel Injection Systems .................................4-8 Ignition System ..................................................4-9 Combustion ........................................................4-9 Fuel Systems ....................................................4-10 Fuel Pumps .................................................4-10 Fuel Plunger Primer ...................................4-10 Choke .........................................................4-10 Fuel Bulb Primer ........................................4-10 Fuel Gauges................................................4-11 Fuel Filter ...................................................4-11 Fuel ..................................................................4-11 Fuel Contamination ....................................4-12 Bad Gasoline ..............................................4-12 Refueling Procedures .................................4-12 Mixing Two-Stroke Oil and Fuel ...............4-13 Starting System ................................................4-13 Oil Systems ......................................................4-13 Engine Cooling Systems ..................................4-13 Preparing for Takeoff .......................................5-16 After Landing ...................................................5-16 Clearing the Runway ........................................5-17 Parking .............................................................5-17 Postflight  ..........................................................5-17 Packing the Wing .............................................5-17 The Four Fundamentals .....................................6-1 Flight Controls ...................................................6-1 Throttle ...............................................................6-1 Claring Turns .....................................................6-2 Turning the Powered Parachute .........................6-2 Feel of the PPC ..................................................6-2 Attitude Flying ...................................................6-3 Straight-and Level Flight ...................................6-3 Level Turns ........................................................6-5 Climbing and Climbing Turns, Descents  and Descending Turns  .....................................6-7 Gliding ...............................................................6-8 Wing Trim ..........................................................6-8 Terms and Definitions  ........................................7-1 Laying Out the Wing ..........................................7-1 The Inverted Method ....................................7-1 The Stacked (or Accordion) Method ............7-2 Cockpit Management .........................................7-2 Before Takeoff Check ........................................7-3 Start the Engine/Initial Rollout ..........................7-3 Wing Inflation and Kiting  ..................................7-3 Normal Takeoff ..................................................7-5 Takeoff Roll .................................................7-5 Rotation ........................................................7-5 Lift-Off .........................................................7-5 Initial Climb .................................................7-5 Centering the Wing ............................................7-6 Encourage Cell Openings ..................................7-6 “Lock-out” Avoidance........................................7-6 Crosswind Takeoff .............................................7-6 Positioning the Cart ......................................7-6 Wing Inflation and Kiting  ............................7-6 Takeoff Roll .................................................7-7 Lift-Off .........................................................7-7 Initial Climb .................................................7-7 Get Ready to Fly ................................................5-1 Trailering ............................................................5-1 Where to Fly ......................................................5-2 Weather ..............................................................5-3 Weight and Loading ...........................................5-3 The Preflight Checklist  ......................................5-5 Certificates and Documents  ...............................5-5 Visual Inspection ................................................5-6 Cart Inspection ...................................................5-6 Fuel and Oil ........................................................5-8 Powerplant Inspection ........................................5-8 Engine Starting ...................................................5-9 Engine Warm-Up .............................................5-10 Taxiing .............................................................5-10 Wing Inspection ...............................................5-12 Line Tangles, Twists, and Line-Overs ..............5-14 Line Twists .................................................5-15 Line-Overs .................................................5-16 Chapter 6—Basic Flight Maneuvers Chapter 7—Takeoffs and Departure  Climbs Chapter 5—Preflight and Ground Operations vi