89  / SERVICE EXCELLENCE 8. Other comprehensive (loss) income and accumulated other comprehensive loss The components of Other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects are as follows: The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2019 2018 Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 611 $ 862 Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (499) (749) Net deferred losses on derivatives and other (54 ) (62 ) Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 23) (2,580) (2,094) Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (2,522 ) $ (2,043 ) (in millions of Canadian dollars) Before tax amount Income tax (expense) recovery Net of tax amount For the year ended December 31, 2019 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (251 ) $ — $ (251 ) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 19) 288 (38) 250 Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income 10 (2 ) 8 Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (661) 175 (486) Other comprehensive loss $ (614 ) $ 135 $ (479 ) For the year ended December 31, 2018 Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 419 $ — $ 419 Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 19) (479 ) 64 (415 ) Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 10 (3 ) 7 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other 28 (8) 20 Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (447 ) 115 (332 ) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (2) 1 (1) Other comprehensive loss $ (471 ) $ 169 $ (302 ) For the year ended December 31, 2017 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (295) $ — $ (295) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 19) 319 (42 ) 277 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 25 (6 ) 19 Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other (6) 2 (4) Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses 84 (20 ) 64 Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (4) 1 (3) Other comprehensive income $ 123 $ (65 ) $ 58