interception at that altitude. For a non-precision approach,  the final approach segment begins either at a designated  FAF, which is depicted as a cross on the profile view, or at  the point where the aircraft is established inbound on the  final approach course. When a FAF is not designated, such  as on an approach that incorporates an on-airport VOR  or NDB, this point is typically where the procedure turn  intersects the final approach course inbound. This point  is referred to as the final approach point (FAP). The final  approach segment ends at either the designated MAP or  upon landing.  There are three types of procedures based on the final  approach course guidance:  approach based on a navigation system that  provides course deviation information but no  glidepath deviation information. For example, VOR,  TACAN, LNAV, NDB, LOC, and ASR approaches are  examples of NPA procedures.  The missed approach segment begins at the MAP and ends  at a point or fix where an initial or en route segment begins.  The actual location of the MAP depends upon the type of  approach you are flying. For example, during a precision  or an APV approach, the MAP occurs at the DA or DH on  the glideslope/glidepath. For non-precision approaches,  the MAP is either a fix, NAVAID, or after a specified period  of time has elapsed after crossing the FAF.  According to FAA Order 7110.65, ATC clearances authorizing  instrument approaches are issued on the basis that if visual  contact with the ground is made before the approach is  completed, the entire approach procedure is followed  unless the pilot receives approval for a contact approach, is  cleared for a visual approach, or cancels the IFR flight plan.  Approach clearances are issued based on known traffic.  The receipt of an approach clearance does not relieve the  pilot of his or her responsibility to comply with applicable  4-50  • Precision approach (PA)—an instrument approach  based on a navigation system that provides course  and glidepath deviation information meeting  precision standards of ICAO Annex 10. For example,  PAR, ILS, and GLS are precision approaches.  • Approach with vertical guidance (APV) —an  instrument approach based on a navigation system  that is not required to meet the precision approach  standards of ICAO Annex 10, but provides course  and glidepath deviation information. For example,  Baro-VNAV, LDA with glidepath, LNAV/VNAV and LPV  are APV approaches.  • Non-precision approach (NPA)—an instrument  Approach Clearance  Missed Approach Segment  Figure 4-28. Approach segments and obstacle clearance.  Feeder route  FAF  IF  IAF  Runway Initial  Intermediate  Final  Missed  approach  Re-enter  En route phase  IAF  IF  FAF  Obstacle  Flightpath  Map  500 feet  1,000 feet  1,000 feet 250 feet  Project view  Profile view  Plan view 