THE DIXIE GROUP, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (amounts in thousands, except per share data) (Continued) Variable Consideration Advertising Costs Warranties Cost of Sales Selling and Administrative Expenses Operating Leases Stock-Based Compensation NOTE 2 - RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Accounting Standards Adopted in Fiscal 2018 Table of Contents 44 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, " Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ". The ASU requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU and all subsequently issued clarifying ASUs replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The ASU was effective for annual reporting periods The Company recognizes compensation expense relating to stock-based payments based on the fair value of the equity or liability instrument issued. Restricted stock grants with pro-rata vesting are expensed using the straight-line method. (Terms of the Company's awards are specified in Note 16). The Company accounts for forfeitures when they actually occur. Rent is expensed over the lease period, including the effect of any rent holiday and rent escalation provisions, which effectively amortizes the rent holidays and rent escalations on a straight-line basis over the lease period. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their economic lives or the lease term, excluding renewal options. Any leasehold improvement made by the Company and funded by the lessor is treated as a leasehold improvement and amortized over the shorter of its economic life or the lease term. Any funding provided by the lessor for such improvements is treated as deferred costs and amortized over the lease period. Selling and administrative expenses include all costs, not included in cost of sales, related to the sale and marketing of the Company's products and general administration of the Company's business. Cost of sales includes all costs related to manufacturing the Company's products, including purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, freight costs, internal transfer costs or other costs of the Company's distribution network. The Company generally provides product warranties related to manufacturing defects and specific performance standards for its products for a period of up to two years. The Company accrues for estimated future assurance warranty costs in the period in which the sale is recorded. The costs are included in Cost of Sales in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations and the product warranty reserve is included in accrued expenses in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The Company calculates its accrual using the portfolio approach based upon historical experience and known trends. (See Note 9.) The Company does not provide an additional service-type warranty. The Company engages in promotional and advertising programs. Expenses relating to these programs are charged to results of operations during the period of the related benefits. These arrangements do not require significant estimates of costs. Costs related to cooperative advertising programs are normally recorded as selling and administrative expenses when the Company can reasonably identify the benefit associated with the program and can reasonably estimate that the fair value of the benefit is equal to or greater than its cost. The amount of advertising and promotion expenses included in selling and administrative expenses was not significant for the years 2018, 2017 or 2016. Variable consideration is estimated at the most likely amount that is expected to be earned. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration are estimated based upon historical experience and known trends. The nature of the Company’s business gives rise to variable consideration, including rebates, allowances, and returns that generally decrease the transaction price, which reduces revenue. These variable amounts are generally credited to the customer, based on achieving certain levels of sales activity, product returns, or price concessions.