Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards .............11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Autorotation .................................................................11-2 RPM Control ............................................................11-3 Risk Management during Autorotation Training ....11-3 Straight-In Autorotation ...........................................11-4 Technique (How to Practice) ................................11-4 Common Errors ....................................................11-5 Autorotation with Turns ...........................................11-6 Common Errors ....................................................11-7 Practice Autorotation with a Power Recovery ........11-7 xii Chapter 11 Advanced Flight Maneuvers.............................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Reconnaissance Procedures .........................................10-2 High Reconnaissance ...............................................10-2 Low Reconnaissance ................................................10-2 Ground Reconnaissance ...........................................10-2 Maximum Performance Takeoff..................................10-2 Technique .................................................................10-3 Common Errors ........................................................10-3 Running/Rolling Takeoff .............................................10-3 Technique .................................................................10-4 Common Errors ........................................................10-4 Rapid Deceleration or Quick Stop ..............................10-4 Technique .................................................................10-4 Common Errors ........................................................10-5 Steep Approach............................................................10-5 Technique .................................................................10-6 Common Errors ........................................................10-6 Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing......10-6 Technique .................................................................10-7 Common Errors ........................................................10-7 Slope Operations..........................................................10-7 Slope Landing ..........................................................10-8 Technique .............................................................10-8 Common Errors ....................................................10-8 Slope Takeoff ...........................................................10-8 Technique .............................................................10-9 Common Errors ....................................................10-9 Confined Area Operations ...........................................10-9 Approach ................................................................10-10 Takeoff ..................................................................10-10 Common Errors ......................................................10-10 Pinnacle and Ridgeline Operations............................10-11 Approach and Landing ...........................................10-11 Takeoff ...................................................................10-11 Common Errors ......................................................10-12 Chapter Summary ......................................................10-12 Chapter 10 Technique (How to Practice) ................................11-7 Common Errors ....................................................11-8 Practicing Power Failure in a Hover ........................11-8 Technique (How to Practice) ................................11-8 Common Errors ....................................................11-9 Vortex Ring State ........................................................11-9 Common Errors—Traditional Recovery ................11-10 Common Errors—Vuichard Recovery...................11-10 Retreating Blade Stall ................................................11-10 Common Errors ......................................................11-11 Ground Resonance .....................................................11-11 Dynamic Rollover......................................................11-11 Critical Conditions .................................................11-12 Cyclic Trim.............................................................11-12 Normal Takeoffs and Landings..............................11-13 Slope Takeoffs and Landings .................................11-13 Use of Collective ....................................................11-13 Precautions .............................................................11-13 Low-G Conditions and Mast Bumping......................11-14 Low Rotor RPM and Rotor Stall ...............................11-15 System Malfunctions .................................................11-16 Antitorque System Failure......................................11-16 Landing—Stuck Left Pedal ....................................11-17 Landing—Stuck Neutral or Right Pedal ...............11-17 Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE) .................11-18 Main Rotor Disk Interference (285–315°)..........11-20 Weathercock Stability (120–240°) .....................11-20 Tail Rotor Vortex Ring State (210–330°)...........11-21 LTE at Altitude ...................................................11-21 Reducing the Onset of LTE ................................11-21 Recovery Technique (Uncontrolled  Right Yaw)..........................................................11-21 Main Drive Shaft or Clutch Failure........................11-21 Hydraulic Failure....................................................11-22 Governor or Fuel Control Failure...........................11-22 Abnormal Vibration ...............................................11-22 Low-Frequency Vibrations.................................11-22 Medium- and High-Frequency Vibrations..........11-23 Tracking and Balance .........................................11-23 Multiengine Emergency Operations ..........................11-23 Single-Engine Failure ............................................11-23 Dual-Engine Failure ..............................................11-23 Lost Procedures..........................................................11-23 VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological  Conditions ..................................................................11-24 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear.................11-27 Chapter Summary ......................................................11-27