Risk Management Training for Experienced Pilots  Instrument Training  Transition Training  Recurrent Training, Flight Reviews, and Instrument Proficiency Checks  Risk Management during Operational Flights  10-5 Realistically, pilots will not always follow the risk management procedures discussed in this chapter. Instructors should encourage  pilots to scale their risk management procedures to match the complexity of the flight. For example, for a local flight, it is acceptable  to use an abbreviated risk management protocol using the PAVE acronym to briefly review the major elements of potential risk.  However, for longer or more complex flights it may be desirable to complete a FRAT. A key objective for instructors is to provide  risk management guidance that will allow pilots to think of risk management intuitively, as a part of the preparation for every flight  and continuously while the flight progresses.  Pilots who are already certificated conduct most of their flights without an instructor present. As an instructor, you should encourage  them to practice effective risk management on all their flights.  Instructors should consider using scenarios to evaluate pilot risk management proficiency. The scenario should be constructed in a  way that mirrors the pilot’s typical operating profile. However, if the pilot plans to change that operating profile, the instructor should  discuss or evaluate the pilot’s ability to address any potential new risk management issues. For example, a pilot usually operates  flights between rural airports in Class E airspace, but is soon planning to begin flying regularly to a location in Class B airspace. In  this case, the instructor should address the operating requirements, such as Mode “C” and ADS-B, and the environmental risk factors  related to Class B operation.  Instructors should particularly emphasize risk management during any kind of recurrent training or proficiency event. Many pilots  who held certificates prior to the introduction of the ACS may not have been exposed to formal risk management training or  evaluation.  Before teaching in advanced aircraft, instructors should ensure that they have familiarity with the aircraft and equipment. Instructors  should employ scenarios that emphasize risk management aspects of operating advanced aircraft in the National Airspace System. In  addition to risk management, other SRM skills such as automation management, task and workload management, and maintaining  situational awareness should be emphasized. In most instances, the pilot seeking training will be instrument rated and the instructor  should evaluate the pilot’s risk management and other SRM proficiency under an IFR scenario.$_{ }$ Pilots transitioning to more advanced aircraft will encounter additional types of risk associated with such aircraft. These include more  complex systems and avionics, enhanced performance, and expanded abnormal and emergency procedures. Pilots transitioning to  lighter, slower aircraft will also encounter additional risk due to less performance capability than the pilot has come to expect.  Risk management training is vital during instruction for the instrument rating because of the potential hazards related to IMC.  Instructors should emphasize broad risk management techniques and strategies that will allow a pilot to analyze and evaluate complex  weather and other elements that generate risk. For example, an instructor might suggest that a pilot consider the risk management  aspects of flight in:  Risk management is not a task confined solely to the initial training environment. Instructors should ensure that risk management is  part of all training events for all certificated pilots. This is especially important for pilots who have not been exposed to risk  management standards now contained in the ACS.  ⦁ $_{icing conditions or at altitudes above the freezing level }$ ⦁ $_{low IMC }$ ⦁ $_{night conditions }$ ⦁ $_{aircraft with a single alternator or a single radio and navigation system }$ ⦁ $_{single-engine aircraft or over terrain higher than the single-engine service ceiling of a multiengine aircraft }$