Basic Safety Concepts..................................................17-2 General .....................................................................17-2 Attitude and Sink Rate Control ................................17-4 Terrain Selection ......................................................17-4 Airplane Configuration.............................................17-4 Approach ..................................................................17-5 Terrain Types ...............................................................17-5 Confined Areas.........................................................17-5 Trees (Forest) ...........................................................17-5 Water (Ditching) and Snow......................................17-6 Engine Failure After Takeoff (Single-Engine) ............17-6 Emergency Descents....................................................17-6 In-Flight Fire................................................................17-7 Engine Fire ...............................................................17-8 Electrical Fires..........................................................17-8 Cabin Fire .................................................................17-8 Flight Control Malfunction/Failure..............................17-9 Total Flap Failure .....................................................17-9 Asymmetric (Split) Flap...........................................17-9 Loss of Elevator Control ..........................................17-9 Landing Gear Malfunction .....................................17-10 Systems Malfunctions................................................17-11 Electrical System....................................................17-11 Pitot-Static System .................................................17-12 Abnormal Engine Instrument Indication ...................17-13 Door Opening In-Flight .............................................17-13 Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC .............................17-15 Recognition ............................................................17-15 Maintaining Airplane Control ................................17-15 Attitude Control......................................................17-16 Turns.......................................................................17-16 Climbs ....................................................................17-17 Descents..................................................................17-17 Combined Maneuvers.............................................17-17 Transition to Visual Flight .....................................17-18 Chapter Summary ......................................................17-18 Glossary ..............................................................G-1 Index ......................................................................I-1 xii