(19)  United States  (12)  Patent Application Publication  Hsu et al.  (10)  Pub. No.: US 2003/0104041 Al  ( 43)  Pub. Date:  Jun. 5, 2003  (54)  TRANSDERMALAND TOPICAL  ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS USING  BASIC PERMEATION ENHANCERS  (76)  Inventors:  Tsung-Min Hsu,  San Diego, CA (US);  Nicole T. Gricenko,  San Diego, CA  (US);  Alan T. J. Hickey,  San Diego,  CA (US);  Eric C. Jacobson,  San  Diego, CA (US);  Rose C. LoBello,  San  Diego, CA (US);  Jane Ohara,  San  Diego, CA (US);  Eric C. Luo,  Plano,  TX  (US)  (21)  Appl. No.:  10/177,436  (22)  Filed:  Jun.20,2002  (63)  Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/972,008,  filed on Oct. 4, 2001, which is a continuation-in-part  (51)  Int. Cl.7  .............................  A61K 9/70;  A61K 33/00  (52)  U.S. Cl.  ............................................  424/449;  424/722  Correspondence Address:  REED & ASSOCIATES  800 MENLO AVENUE  SUITE 210  MENLO PARK, CA 94025 (US)  of application No. 09/738,410, filed on Dec. 14, 2000,  which is a continuation-in-part of application No.  09/569,889, filed on May 11, 2000, which is a con› tinuation-in-part of application No. 09/465,098, filed  on Dec. 16, 1999, and which is a continuation-in-part  of application No. 09/738,395, filed on Dec. 14, 2000,  which is a continuation-in-part of application No.  09/607,892, filed on Jun. 30, 2000, now abandoned.  Methods are provided for enhancing the permeability of skin  or mucosal tissue to topical or transdermal application of  pharmacologically or cosmeceutically active agents. The  methods entail the use of a base in order to increase the flux  of the active agent through a body surface while minimizing  the likelihood of skin damage, irritation or sensitization. The  permeation enhancer can be an inorganic or organic base.  Compositions and transdermal systems are also described.  (57)  ABSTRACT  Publication Classification  Related U.S. Application Data  US 20030104041Al 