Main Riser Attachment  .........................................2-22 Ripcord Cable Routing   ........................................2-23 RSL Lanyard and Container Mount   ....................2-23 Joint Efficiency .....................................................2-24 Chapter Summary  ........................................................2-25 Materials ...............................................................3-1 Introduction.................................................................... 3-1 Specifications .................................................................3-2 Fabrics  ............................................................................3-2 Webbing and Tapes........................................................ 3-3 Webbing Selection ..................................................... 3-4 Cords, Lines, and Threads   ............................................3-8 Hardware  ......................................................................3-12 Plastics and Synthetics  .................................................3-20 Fasteners  ......................................................................3-21 Housings  ......................................................................3-22 Ripcords, Cables, and Swages  .....................................3-24 Miscellaneous  ..............................................................3-26 Chapter Summary  ........................................................3-26 Chapter 3 Operations............................................................4-1 Introduction ................................................................... 4-1 Sport Parachute Main Packing Techniques  ...................4-2 Deployment and Inflation Characteristics......................4-8 Main Pilot Chute  ........................................................ 4-9 Bridle Length  ............................................................ 4-10 Rubber Bands  ........................................................... 4-10 Assembly of the Main Canopy To The Harness  and Container  .............................................................. 4-11 Assembly of Components and Compatibility  .............. 4-13 Reserve Bag Extraction Force  .................................. 4-14 TSO Certification and Placard Limitations .............. 4-14 Harness Strength ....................................................... 4-14 Volume  ..................................................................... 4-16 Deployment Type  ..................................................... 4-16 Chapter Summary  ........................................................4-17 Inspection and Packing ......................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Identification ..................................................................5-2 Inspection .......................................................................5-2 Component Compatibility  ..........................................5-4 Round Canopies and Pilot Emergency Systems .........5-7 Straightening the Canopy  ...........................................5-7 Damage Identification ................................................5-8 Pilot Chute and Bridle  ................................................5-8 Reserve Canopy  ..........................................................5-9 Chapter 5 Suspension Lines and Connector Links  ...................5-10 Harness  .....................................................................5-11 Container  ..................................................................5-12 Ripcord  .....................................................................5-12 Airing and Drying  ....................................................5-13 Ram-Air Reserves and Sport Piggyback Systems  ....5-13 Pilot Chute and Free Bag/Bridle  ...........................5-13 Ram-Air Reserve Canopy  .....................................5-13 Canopy Assembly and Line Continuity  ................5-14 Inspection..............................................................5-16 Harness  .................................................................5-17 Container  ...............................................................5-17 Ripcord  .................................................................5-18 Rigging and Repairs  .....................................................5-19 Packing  .........................................................................5-19 Round Canopy into a Pilot Emergency  Parachute System  .....................................................5-20 Layout  ...................................................................5-20 Pleating the Canopy  ..............................................5-21 Fold the Skirt  ........................................................5-22 Closing the Diaper and Stowing the Lines  ...........5-23 Skirt or Diaper Placement  .....................................5-24 Accordion Folding the Canopy  .............................5-25 Closing the Container  ...........................................5-25 Ripcord Pull Force  ...................................................5-27 Sealing the Parachute  ...............................................5-27 Ram-Air Reserve into a Sport Piggyback System ....5-28 Assembling the Reserve System  ...........................5-28 Ram-Air Reserve into a Two-Pin Piggyback   ..........5-38 Documentation  .............................................................5-39 Chapter Summary  ........................................................5-42 Hand Tools, Sewing Machines, and the  Parachute Loft .....................................................6-1 Introduction.................................................................... 6-1 Hand Tools  .....................................................................6-2 Hand Tools Description ..............................................6-2 Sewing Machines  ......................................................... 6-14 Identification and Nomenclature .............................. 6-16 Sewing Theory  .............................................................6-18 Needles  .....................................................................6-20 Operation ..................................................................6-21 Installing the Needle and Threading the Machine....6-21 Machine Maintenance  ..............................................6-23 Sewing Machine Attachments  ..................................6-24 The Parachute Loft  .......................................................6-24 Packing and Inspection Area ................................6-25 Work Area Including Layout Tables and  Sewing Machines  ..................................................6-26 Chapter 6 Chapter 4 Change 1 (December 2015) x