14 CFR Part 95 prescribes altitudes governing the operation  of aircraft under IFR on Federal airways, jet routes, RNAV low  or high altitude routes, and other direct routes for which a  MEA is designated. In addition, it designates mountainous  areas and COPs. Off-airway routes are established in the  same manner and in accordance with the same criteria  as airways and jet routes. If a pilot flies for a scheduled air  carrier or operator for compensation or hire, any requests for  the establishment of off-airway routes are initiated by the  company through the principal operations inspector (POI)  who works directly with the company and coordinates FAA  approval. Air carrier authorized routes should be contained  in the company’s Operations Specifications (OpSpecs) under  the auspices of the air carrier operating certificate. [Figure  2-46]  Off-airway routes predicated on public navigation  facilities and wholly contained within controlled airspace  are published as direct Part 95 routes. Off-airway routes  predicated on privately owned navigation facilities or  not contained wholly within controlled airspace are  published as off-airway non-Part 95 routes. In evaluating  the adequacy of off-airway routes, the following items are  considered: the type of aircraft and navigation systems  used; proximity to military bases, training areas, low level  military routes; and the adequacy of communications  along the route.  Commercial operators planning to fly off-airway routes  should have specific instructions in the company’s  OpSpecs that address en route limitations and provisions  regarding en route authorizations to use the GPS or other  RNAV systems in the NAS. The company’s manuals and  checklists should include practices and procedures for  long-range navigation and training on the use of long  range navigation equipment. Minimum equipment lists  (MELs) and maintenance programs must address the long  range navigation equipment. Examples of other selected  areas requiring specialized en route authorization include  the following:  ORD$^{1}$ IOW$^{2}$ KP49G$^{3}$ KD34U$^{4}$ KL16O$^{5}$ OAL$^{6}$ MOD2 7  SFO 8  Or:  6. Record latitude/longitude coordinates by four  figures describing latitude in degrees and minutes  followed by a solidus and five figures describing  longitude in degrees and minutes.  7. File at FL 390 or above for the random RNAV portion  of the flight.  8. Fly all routes/route segments on Great Circle tracks.  9. Make any in-flight requests for random RNAV  clearances or route amendments to an en route ATC  facility.  • Class I navigation in the United States Class A  airspace using area of long range navigation system.  • Class II navigation using multiple long range  navigation systems.  • Operations in central East Pacific airspace.  • North Pacific operations.  • Operations within North Atlantic (NAT) minimum  navigation performance specifications (MNPS)  airspace.  Figure 2-46. Excerpt of authorized areas of en route operation.  2-26  SAMPLE NOT FOR  ACTUAL USE The 48 contiguous United  States and the District of  Columbia  Canada, excluding Canadian  MNPS airspace and the areas  of magnetic unreliability as  established in the Canadian  AIP  SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS:  Note 1 - B-737 Class II navigation operations with a single long- range system is authorized only within this area of en route  operation.  Note 3 - Only B-747 and DC-10 operations authorized in these  areas.  Note 1  Note 3  Authorized areas of  en route operation  Limitations, provisions, and reference paragraphs  Off-Airway Routes  $^{2}$Departure fix  $^{3}$Intermediate fix (turning point)  $^{4}$Arrival fix  $^{5}$Destination airport  $^{1}$Departure airport  $^{2}$Transition fix (pitch point)  $^{3}$Minneapolis ARTCC waypoint  $^{4}$Denver ARTCC waypoint  $^{5}$Los Angeles ARTCC waypoint (catch point)  $^{7}$Arrival  $^{6}$Transition fix  $^{8}$Destination airport 