Oct. 21, 2010  48  US 2010/0266955 Al  -continued  (1-3)  0  HO-R 2 Lo-M-Y 1 -s03- M+  In the formulas, R 21 , Y 1  and M+ are the same as defined  above; R$^{22 }$represents an aliphatic group which may have an  aromatic group as a substituent; and M+ represents an alkali  metal ion.  [0404]  As M+, the same alkali metal ions as those described  above for M+ can be used.  [0405]  In formula  (1-1),  R$^{22 }$represents an aliphatic group  which may have an aromatic group as a substituent.  [0406]  The aliphatic group may be either a saturated ali› phatic group, or an unsaturated aliphatic group. Further, the  aliphatic group may be linear, branched or cyclic, or a com› bination thereof.  [0407]  The aliphatic group may be either an aliphatic  hydrocarbon group consisting of carbon atoms and hydrogen  atoms, a group in which part of the carbon atoms constituting  the aforementioned aliphatic hydrocarbon group have been  substituted with a hetero atom-containing substituent, or a  group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms constituting  the aforementioned aliphatic hydrocarbon group have been  substituted with a hetero atom-containing substituent.  [0408]  As the hetero atom, there is no particular limitation  as long as it is an atom other than carbon and hydrogen.  Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a  chlorine atom, an iodine atom and a bromine atom.  [0409]  The hetero atom-containing substituent may consist  of a hetero atom, or may be a group containing a group or  atom other than a hetero atom.  [0410]  Specific examples of the substituent group for sub› stituting part of the  carbon atoms  include ---0-,  -C(=O)---0-,  ----C(=O)-,  ---O-C(=O)---0-,  -C(=O)-NH-, -NH- (the H may be replaced with a  substituent such as an alkyl group or an acyl group), -S-,  -S(=O)$_{2}$ - and -S(=O)$_{2}$-O-. When the aliphatic  hydrocarbon group contains a cyclic group, the aliphatic  hydrocarbon group may contain these substituent groups in  the ring structure of the cyclic group.  [0411]  Examples of the substituent group for substituting  part or all of the hydrogen atoms include an alkoxy group, a  halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group,  an oxygen atom (=0), ----COOR 96 , -OC(=O)R $^{97 }$and a  cyano group.  [0412]  The aforementioned alkoxy group is preferably an  alkoxy group having  1  to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a  methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy  group, n-butoxy group or tert-butoxy group, and most pref› erably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.  [0413]  Examples of the aforementioned halogen atom  include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and  an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.  [0414]  Example of the aforementioned halogenated alkyl  group includes a group in which part or all of the hydrogen  atoms within an alkyl group of  1  to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., a  methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl  group or a tert-butyl group) have been substituted with the  aforementioned halogen atoms.  [0415]  Each of R 96  and R 97  independently represents a  hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group of  1  to 15 carbon atoms.  [0416]  When the alkyl group for R$^{96 }$and R$^{97 }$is a linear or  branched alkyl group, it preferably has  1  to  10  carbon atoms,  more preferably  1  to 5, and still more preferably  1  or 2.  Specific examples of alkyl groups include the same groups as  those for the linear or branched monovalent saturated hydro› carbon group described below.  [0417]  When the alkyl group for R$^{96 }$and R$^{97 }$is a cyclic  group, it may be either a monocyclic group or a polycyclic  group. The cyclic group preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms,  more preferably  4  to 12, and still more preferably 5 to  10.  Specific examples of cyclic groups include the same groups  as those for the cyclic monovalent saturated hydrocarbon  group described below.  [0418]  As the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear or  branched saturated hydrocarbon group of  1  to 30 carbon  atoms, a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon group of  2 to  10  carbon atoms, or a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group  ( aliphatic cyclic group) of3 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.  [0419]  The linear saturated hydrocarbon group preferably  has  1  to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably  1  to 15, and most  preferably  1  to  10.  Specific examples include a methyl group,  an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group,  a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group,  a decanyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl  group, an isotridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl  group, a hexadecyl group, an isohexadecyl group, a heptade› cyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, an icosyl  group, a henicosyl group and a docosyl group.  [0420]  The branched saturated hydrocarbon group prefer› ably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15, and  most preferably 3 to  10.  Specific examples include a 1-meth› ylethyl group, a 1-methylpropyl group, a 2-methylpropyl  group, a 1-methylbutyl group, a 2-methylbutyl group, a 3-me› thylbutyl group, a 1-ethylbutyl group, a 2-ethylbutyl group, a  1-methylpentyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 3-methyl› pentyl group and a 4-methylpentyl group.  [0421]  The unsaturated hydrocarbon group preferably has  2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to  4,  and most pref› erably 3. Examples of linear monovalent unsaturated hydro› carbon groups include a vinyl group, a propenyl group (an  ally! group) and a butynyl group. Examples of branched  monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbon groups include a 1-me› thylpropenyl group and a 2-methylpropenyl group.  [0422]  Among the above-mentioned examples, as the  unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a propenyl group is particu› larly desirable.  [0423]  The aliphatic cyclic group may be either a monocy› clic group or a polycyclic group. The aliphatic cyclic group  preferably has 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 30,  still more preferably 5 to 20, still more preferably 6 to 15, and  most preferably 6 to 12. As the aliphatic cyclic group, a group  in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed  from a monocycloalkane or a polycycloalkane such as a bicy› cloalkane, tricycloalkane or tetracycloalkane can be used.  Specific examples include groups in which one or more  hydrogen atoms have been removed from a monocycloalkane  such as cyclopentane or cyclohexane; and groups in which  one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a  polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobor› nane, tricyclodecane or tetracyclododecane. 