Identifying Hazards and Mitigating Risk Chapter 3 Introduction As previously discussed, identifying hazards and associated  risk is key to preventing risk and accidents. If a pilot fails  to search for risk, it is likely that he or she will neither see  it nor appreciate it for what it represents. Unfortunately in  aviation, pilots seldom have the opportunity to learn from  their small errors in judgment because even small mistakes  in aviation are often fatal. In order to identify risk, the use  of standard procedures is of great assistance. One guide in  the form of a checklist that helps the pilot examine areas of  interest in his or her preflight planning is a framework called  PAVE. Elements of PAVE are:  P ilot-in-command (PIC) A ircraft En V ironment  E xternal pressures 