Marking Tools ............................................................4-4 Pens.........................................................................4-4 Scribes.....................................................................4-5 Punches.......................................................................4-5 Prick Punch.............................................................4-6 Center Punch...........................................................4-6 Automatic Center Punch.........................................4-6 Transfer Punch........................................................4-6 Drive Punch ............................................................4-6 Pin Punch ................................................................4-7 Chassis Punch .........................................................4-7 Awl .........................................................................4-7 Hole Duplicator ..........................................................4-7 Cutting Tools..............................................................4-8 Circular-Cutting Saws ............................................4-8 Kett Saw..................................................................4-8 Pneumatic Circular-Cutting Saw ............................4-8 Reciprocating Saw ..................................................4-8 Cut-off Wheel .........................................................4-9 Nibblers...................................................................4-9 Shop Tools..................................................................4-9 Squaring Shear........................................................4-9 Throatless Shear....................................................4-10 Scroll Shears .........................................................4-10 Rotary Punch Press ...............................................4-11 Band Saw ..............................................................4-11 Disk Sander...........................................................4-11 Belt Sander............................................................4-12 Notcher .................................................................4-12 Wet or Dry Grinder...............................................4-12 Grinding Wheels ...................................................4-13 Hand Cutting Tools ..................................................4-13 Straight Snips........................................................4-13 Aviation Snips ......................................................4-13 Files.......................................................................4-13 Die Grinder ...........................................................4-14 Burring Tool .........................................................4-14 Hole Drilling ................................................................4-14 Portable Power Drills ...............................................4-15 Pneumatic Drill Motors ........................................4-15 Right Angle and 45° Drill Motors ........................4-15 Two Hole ..............................................................4-15 Drill Press .................................................................4-15 Drill Extensions and Adapters..................................4-16 Extension Drill Bits ..............................................4-16 Straight Extension.................................................4-16 Angle Adapters .....................................................4-16 Snake Attachment .................................................4-16 Types of Drill Bits....................................................4-17 Step Drill Bits .......................................................4-17 Cobalt Alloy Drill Bits..........................................4-17 Twist Drill Bits .....................................................4-17 Drill Bit Sizes ...........................................................4-18 Drill Lubrication.......................................................4-18 Reamers ....................................................................4-19 Drill Stops ................................................................4-19 Drill Bushings and Guides .......................................4-19 Drill Bushing Holder Types .....................................4-19 Drilling Large Holes .............................................4-20 Chip Chasers ............................................................4-21 Forming Tools..............................................................4-21 Bar Folding Machine................................................4-21 Cornice Brake...........................................................4-22 Box and Pan Brake (Finger Brake) ..........................4-22 Press Brake ...............................................................4-23 Slip Roll Former.......................................................4-23 Rotary Machine ........................................................4-24 Stretch Forming........................................................4-24 Drop Hammer...........................................................4-24 Hydropress Forming.................................................4-25 Spin Forming............................................................4-26 Forming with an English Wheel...............................4-26 Piccolo Former .........................................................4-26 Shrinking and Stretching Tools................................4-27 Shrinking Tools ....................................................4-27 Stretching Tools....................................................4-27 Manual Foot-Operated Sheet Metal Shrinker.......4-27 Hand-Operated Shrinker and Stretcher.................4-27 Dollies and Stakes.................................................4-27 Hardwood Form Blocks........................................4-28 V-Blocks ...............................................................4-28 Shrinking Blocks ..................................................4-28 Sandbags ...............................................................4-28 Sheet Metal Hammers and Mallets.......................4-28 Sheet Metal Holding Devices ......................................4-28 Clamps and Vises .....................................................4-29 C-Clamps ..............................................................4-29 Vises .....................................................................4-29 Reusable Sheet Metal Fasteners ...............................4-29 Cleco Fasteners .....................................................4-30 Hex Nut and Wing Nut Temporary Sheet  Fasteners ...............................................................4-30 Aluminum Alloys.........................................................4-30 Structural Fasteners......................................................4-31 Solid Shank Rivet ....................................................4-31 Description............................................................4-31 Installation of Rivets.............................................4-33 XVIII