SECTION 1.2  Revenue and  segmentation of operations GEOGRAPHICAL ALLOCATION OF NET REVENUE 1.2  ACCOUNTING POLICIES 1.2  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS Consolidated financial statements SECTION 1: OPERATING ACTIVITIES 63 Carlsberg Group Annual Report 2013 For information about segmentation, please refer  to section 9.2 (General accounting policies). Revenue from the sale of own-produced finished  goods, goods for resale (third-party products)  and by-products is recognised in the income  statement when all significant risks and rewards  have been transferred to the buyer and when the  income can be reliably measured and is expected  to be received.  Royalty and licence fees are recognised when  earned according to the terms of the licence  agreements. Revenue is measured including excise duties on  beer and soft drinks and excluding discounts, VAT and duties. Discounts comprise off-invoice, volume and activity-related discounts, including specific promotion prices offered or listing fees paid at the point of sale and thereby closely related to the volumes sold. The classification of duties and fees paid to  local authorities or brewery organisations  etc. and of discounts and marketing-related  activities entails significant accounting esti- mates to be made by management.  Locally imposed duties and fees are classi- fied as either sales-related duties, which are  deducted from revenue, or as fees related  to the input/use of goods in production,  transportation, distribution etc., which are  therefore recognised as an expense in the  relevant line item. Customer discounts are recognised in the  same period as the sales to which they  relate and deducted from revenue.  Management assesses the agreements  with, services provided by and pay- ments made to customers and to their  customers to determine the substance  and thereby the classification as either  discounts or as trade marketing expenses.  Expenses incurred for activities closely  related to volumes sold are classified as  discounts, while costs related to more  general market activities are classified as trade marketing expenses.  Customer discounts are based on expected accumulated sales volumes over a period of time using historical and year-to-date sales figures and other  current information about trading with  the customer. These calculations are performed by local management in cooperation with sales managers. DKK million 2013 2012 Denmark (Carlsberg A/S’s domicile) 5,007 4,970 Russia 14,014 15,787 Other countries 47,531 45,711 Total 66,552 66,468