moving through the air with the longitudinal axis of the  aircraft aligned with the relative wind.  The primary power instrument for straight-and-level flight is  the airspeed indicator. The main focus of power is to maintain  a desired airspeed during level flight. No other instrument  delivers instantaneous indication. Learning the primary and supporting instruments for  each variable is the key to successfully mastering attitude  instrument flying. At no point does the primary and supporting  method devalue the importance of the attitude indicator or the  power instruments. All instruments (control, performance,  primary, and supporting) must be utilized collectively.  When first learning attitude instrument flying, it is very  important that two major skills be mastered. Instrument cross- check and instrument interpretation comprise the foundation  for safely maneuvering the aircraft by reference to instruments  alone. Without mastering both skills, the pilot is not able to  maintain precise control of aircraft attitude.  The first fundamental skill is cross-checking (also call  “scanning”). Cross-checking is the continuous observation of  the indications on the control and performance instruments.  It is imperative that the new instrument pilot learn to  observe and interpret the various indications in order to  control the attitude and performance of the aircraft. Due to  the configuration of some glass panel displays, such as the  Garmin G1000, one or more of the performance instruments  may be located on an MFD installed to the right of the pilot’s  direct forward line of sight.  How a pilot gathers the necessary information to control  the aircraft varies by individual pilot. No specific method of  cross-checking (scanning) is recommended; the pilot must  learn to determine which instruments give the most pertinent  information for any particular phase of a maneuver. With  practice, the pilot is able to observe the primary instruments  quickly and cross-check with the supporting instruments  in order to maintain the desired attitude. At no time during  instrument flying should the pilot stop cross-checking  the instrumentation. Since most of the primary and supporting aircraft attitude  information is displayed on the PFD, standard scanning  techniques can be utilized. It is important to remember  Scan left to the airspeed tape and verify that the airspeed is  as desired, then return back to the center of the display. Scan  right to the altimeter tape. Verify that the desired altitude  is being maintained. If it is not, make the appropriate pitch  change and verify the result. Once the desired altitude has been  verified, return to the center of the display. Transition down to  the heading indicator to verify the desired heading. When the  heading has been confirmed, scan to the center of the display. While scanning that region, check the roll pointer and assure  that the desired degree of roll is being indicated on the bank  scale. The roll index and the bank scale remain stationary at  the top of the attitude indicator. The index is marked with  angles of 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, and 60° in both directions. If  the desired bank angle is not indicated, make the appropriate  aileron corrections. Verify the bank angle is correct and  continue scanning back to the yellow chevron.  Start the scan in the center of the PFD on the yellow chevron.  Note the pitch attitude and then transition the eyes upward to  the slip/skid indicator. Ensure that the aircraft is coordinated  by aligning the split triangle symbol. The top of the split  triangle is referred to as the roll pointer. The lower portion of  the split triangle is the slip/skid indicator. If the lower portion  of the triangle is off to one side, step on the rudder pedal on  the same side to offset it.  [Figure 6-34 NOTE: The aircraft  is not changing heading. There is no trend vector on the turn  rate indicator.] The radial scan pattern works well for scanning the PFD. The  close proximity of the instrument tape displays necessitates  very little eye movement in order to focus in on the desired  instrument. While the eyes move in any direction, the  extended artificial horizon line allows the pilot to keep the  pitch attitude in his or her peripheral vision. This extended  horizon line greatly reduces the tendency to fixate on one  instrument and completely ignore all others. Because of  the size of the attitude display, some portion of the attitude  indicator is always visible while viewing another instrument  display on the PFD. The radial scan is designed so that your eyes remain on the  attitude indicator 80–90 percent of the time. The remainder  of the time is spent transitioning from the attitude indicator  to the various other flight instruments.  [Figure 6-33] to include the stand-by flight instruments as well as the  engine indications in the scan. Due to the size of the  attitude instrument display, scanning techniques have been  simplified because the attitude indicator is never out of  peripheral view. Primary Power Selected Radial Cross-Check Fundamental Skills of Attitude Instrument  Flying Instrument Cross-Check Starting the Scan Scanning Techniques 6-24