Figure 8-17.  Example of orange peel. Figure 8-15.  Example of pinholes.  Figure 8-14.  Example of blushing. Figure 8-16.  Example of sags and runs.  Pinholes Orange Peel Sags and Runs Pinholes are tiny holes, or groups of holes, that appear in the  surface of the finish as a result of trapped solvents, air, or  moisture.  [Figure 8-15]  Examples include:  Other causes include: Sags and runs can be avoided by following the recommended  thinning instructions for the coatings being applied and taking  care to use the proper spray gun techniques, especially on  vertical surfaces and projected edges. Dried sags and runs  must be sanded out and the surface repainted. If pinholes occur during painting, the equipment and painting  technique must be evaluated before continuing. When dry,  sand the surface smooth and then repaint.  “Orange peel” refers to the appearance of a bumpy surface,  much like the skin of an orange.  [Figure 8-17]  It can be the  result of a number of factors with the first being the improper  adjustment of the spray gun. Other causes include: Sags and runs are usually caused by applying too much paint  to an area, by holding the spray gun too close to the surface, or  moving the gun too slowly across the surface.  [Figure 8-16] •  Not enough reducer (too thick) or the wrong type  reducer for the ambient temperature. •  Material not uniformly mixed.  •  Contaminants in the paint or air lines.  •  Poor spraying techniques that allow excessively heavy  or wet paint coats, which tend to trap moisture or  solvent under the finish.  •  Use of the wrong thinner or reducer, either too fast by  quick drying the surface and trapping solvents or too  slow and trapping solvents by subsequent topcoats.  •  Too much reducer in the paint (too thin). •  Incorrect spray gun setting of air-paint mixture.  8-14