PIA TS 135  4.3.6.3  STRENGTH TEST, ADDITIONAL MEANS OF COMPLIANCE HARNESS (ONLY):  4.3.6.4 STRENGTH TESTS, ALTERNATE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE, DROGUE CANOPY (ONLY)  4.3.7  FUNCTIONAL TESTS (Twisted Lines): A harness may, at the  manufacturer‟s  option, be placarded with a higher average peak opening  force than what was measured in 4.3.6 tests by performing additional tower drop tests as  outlined below: The harness shall be drop tested using a torso shaped dummy, three (3) times for each of four  (4) different loading conditions. The dummy weight shall be not less than 75% of harness maximum operating weight and the  drop distance shall be as necessary to generate the required forces. Up to three (3) separate harnesses may be used; however each harness shall be subjected to a  minimum of one test at each of the following four test conditions.  For parachute assemblies in which a drogue parachute canopy is an integral part of the reserve  or emergency parachute assembly, the drogue may be separately tested at the conditions  determined in 4.3.6. The drogue canopy itself and all related components of the drogue  assembly must be tested as a functional subsystem of the parachute assembly.  A minimum of 5 drops shall be made with a weight not more than the maximum operating weight  dummy or person$^{1}$ in each harness. The airspeed at the time of pack opening shall be 60 KEAS  (111.1 km/h) Procedural Note:  The suspension lines shall be twisted together (360 degrees) three times in  the same direction within the upper one third of the suspension line length beginning immediately  below the attachment point to the canopy. The twists shall be placed in the lines before the  suspension lines are stowed. (a) Test condition one  –  All risers loaded to a combined load of at least 100% of placard  maximum load.  (b) Test condition two  –  Only left side harness/canopy attachment point(s) loaded to a  combined load of at least 66% of placard load.  (c) Test condition three  –  Only right side harness/canopy attachment point(s) loaded to a  combined load of at least 66% of placard load.  (d) Test condition four  –  Each unique brake setting shall be tested to a minimum of 16.7% of  placard load if applicable.  (a) The greater of 3.00 seconds or the value determined as follows:  Performance Requirement:  The parachute must be functionally open within 133% of the time  calculated in 4.3.8 from the time of pack opening. 4.3.8 FUNCTIONAL TESTS (Normal Pack - All Types): Opening Time or Altitude Loss:  Using the MOW in pounds and the MPOS in KTAS for all 4.3.8  tests the maximum allowable opening time and the maximum allowable altitude loss on any drop  shall be determined from the following formulas..  $^{1}$  A person‟s or individual‟s body weight may be increased to equal the maximum operating weight by using a weight belt or simil ar device.  PIA TS-135, Revision 1.4, Issued April 22, 2010, Page 9 of 18  DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: All Rights Reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Parachute Industry Association. PIA Headquarters, Parachute Certification Standards Committee, 3833 West Oakton Street, Skokie, IL 60076 Phone: 847-674-9742 Fax: 847-674-9743 or  website www.pia.com for contact details.  Disclaimer: This document is published by the PIA to provide technical and engineering standards that can be used by reference by all those who may benefit from them. The use of this document is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent or trademark infringement  arising there from, is the sole responsibility of the user. There may be errors, especially in numbers. PIA disclaims any responsibility for accuracy. The PIA reviews each technical publication periodically, at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or canceled. The PIA invites your written comments and suggestions.  Copyright © 2010 Parachute Industry Association.  Change 1 (December 2015)  A-34