Jun.  18,2020  11  US 2020/0190338 Al  [017 4]  In one embodiment the amount of epoxy by weight  of the formulation is from 18 to 30%. Preferably, the amount  of epoxy by weight of the formulation is from 15 to 30%.  Most preferably, the amount of epoxy by weight of the  formulation is from 15 to 23%  [0173]  In another embodiment the epoxy resin is an epoxy  with an epoxy group content of 2000-2220 mmol/kg and an  epoxy molar mass of 450-500 g/Eq.  [0172]  In one embodiment, the epoxy resin has an Equiva› lent Weight from 100 to 1500 g/eq, preferably from 120 to  700 g/eq, and more preferably from 450 to 500 g/eq.  [0166]  In one embodiment, the co-existing epoxy resin is  glycidyl epoxy resin. The glycidyl epoxy resins are formed  by reaction of epichlorohydrin with aliphatic alcohols or  polyols to give glycidyl ethers or aliphatic carboxylic acids  to give glycidyl esters. Examples of preferred glycidyl  epoxy resins which can be used in preparing epoxy modified  polyurethane paints or epoxy-polyurethane-hybrid paints are  dodecanol glycidyl ether, diglycidyl ester of hexahy› drophthalic acid, and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether.  The purpose of these chemicals is to provide a reactive  dilutant for its low viscosity. Preferably, they are used in  combination with the primary resins as auxiliary binders to  balance the reaction taking place. Typically, their reaction  rate is clearly lower to the primary resins. In one embodi› ment, the co-existing epoxy resin is cycloaliphatic epoxide  [0171]  Preferably, the epoxy resin of the present invention  is selected from a group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy  resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, epoxy phenol novolacs  (EPN), epoxy cresol novolacs (ECN), dodecanol glycidyl  ether, diglycidyl ester of hexahydrophthalic acid, trimethyl› olpropane triglycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,  4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, triglycidyl-p-aminophe› nol, N,N,N,N-tetraglycidyl-4,4-methylenebis benzylamine,  or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the epoxy resin of the  present invention is selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin  or bisphenol F epoxy resin. The characteristics of these two  types of binders are the most suitable for the aimed products.  They further enable the use of reactive dilutants of high  temperature resistant type.  [0165]  In one embodiment, the co-existing epoxy resin is  aliphatic epoxy resin. The aliphatic epoxy resins comprise  glycidyl epoxy resins and cycloaliphatic epoxides. These  materials may act as dilutants, as well. They are preferably  applied as auxiliary resins to the above discussed primary  resms.  Equivalent Weight (g/mol)~l000/epoxide number  (Eq./kg)  [0170]  The epoxide content is a characteristic feature of  the epoxy resins which can be used alongside of the poly› urethane resin. The epoxide content is commonly expressed  as epoxide number, which is the number of epoxide equiva› lents in 1 kg of resin (Eq./kg), or as the equivalent weight,  which is the weight in grams of resin containing 1 mole  equivalent of epoxide (g/mol). One measure may be con› verted to another with formula:  [0164]  In one embodiment, the co-existing epoxy resin is  novolac epoxy resin. The novolac epoxy resins are formed  from reacting phenols with formaldehyde and subsequent  glycidylation with epichlorohydrin. Examples of particu› larly suitable novolac epoxy resins are epoxy phenol novol› acs (EPN) and epoxy cresol novolacs (ECN). These provide  high chemical resistance together with a high temperature  resistance. The formed films are less flexible when the epoxy  group content is increased.  [0163]  The bisphenol F epoxy resins are formed from  reacting epichlorohydrin with bisphenol F in similar way to  bisphenol A. This binder has better chemical resistance  compared to bisphenol A epoxy resins, especially at low and  high pH ranges.  [0162]  In one embodiment, the co-existing epoxy resin is  bisphenol F epoxy resin.  [0169]  A wide range of different epoxy resins, such as the  ones mentioned above, are produced industrially and are  commercially available. They can all be used the present  invention to produce polyurethane-epoxy paints.  [0168]  In one embodiment a combination of selected  different types of primary and auxiliary resins, and optional  solvents, is used to ensure linear and steady evaporation of  the solvents, and to enhance the forming of the coating and  exhibiting desired properties.  [0161]  In one embodiment, the co-existing epoxy resin is  bisphenol A epoxy resin. The bisphenol A epoxy resins are  formed from reacting epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A. For  example, the simplest bisphenol A epoxy resin is formed  from reacting two moles of epichlorohydrin with one mole  of bisphenol A to form bispheno) A diglycidyl ether  (DGEBA). Increasing the ratio of bisphenol A to epichlo› rohydrin during manufacture produces higher molecular  weight polyethers with epoxide groups (also referred to as  glycidyl groups). This binder is particularly suitable for  regular conditions.  It has good water resistance and chemical  resistance, and it provides flexible coatings.  [0167]  In one embodiment, the co-existing epoxy resin is  glycidylamine epoxy resin which can be used in preparing  epoxy modified polyurethane paints or epoxy-polyurethane› hybrid paints. The glycidylamine epoxy resins are formed  when aromatic amines are reacted with epichlorohydrin.  Examples of preferred glycidylamine epoxy resins are tri› glycidyl-p-aminophenol  and  N,N,N,N-tetraglycidyl-4,4- methylenebis benzylamine. These provide a very high tem› perature resistant coating and very high reactivity, as there  as many epoxy groups in the chain.  which can be used in preparing epoxy modified polyure› thane paints or epoxy-polyurethane-hybrid paints. The  cycloaliphatic epoxides contain at least one cycloaliphatic  ring in the molecule to which an oxirane ring is fused. The  cyclo-aliphatic epoxides are formed by reaction of cyclo› olefins with a peracid, such as peracetic acid. An example of  preferred cycloaliphatic epoxide is 3,4-epoxycyclohexylm› ethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate. The purpose of  these chemicals is to provide a reactive dilutant for its low  viscosity. The reaction rate is lower to the primary resins.  [0160]  In one embodiment, the epoxy resin and polyure› thane resins are both existing in the pressurized can. The  epoxy resin is selected from the group consisting ofbisphe› nol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, novolac epoxy  resin, aliphatic epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin, and  mixtures thereof.  [0159]  In one embodiment aldimine is any Schiff base of  the general formula RCH-NH or RCH-NR’ formed by  condensation of an aldehyde with ammonia or a primary  amine. Preferred aldimines are N-butyl-2-(1-ethylpentyl)-1,  3-oxazolidine or 3-Oxazolidineethanol ,2-(1-methylethyl)-,  3,3-carbonate.  ethylenediamine. The diamines give a higher reactivity than  monoamines and provide therefore a faster hardening that  can lead to a harder film but less flexible film formation. 