Equity in earnings of affiliates  — Equity investments provided net earnings of $13 in 2014 and $12 in 2013. Our equity in  earnings of Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake, LLC increased $2 in 2014 to $10 while our equity in earnings of Dongfeng Dana  Axle Co., Ltd. (DDAC) decreased $2 in 2014 to $5. Loss from discontinued operations  — Loss from discontinued operations relates to our former Structural Products business.  The loss in 2014 reflects the charges resulting from final settlement of the claims presented by the buyer of this business and  the settlement of an outstanding legal matter relating to this business along with associated costs incurred during the year to  achieve the settlements. See Note 2 and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8.  Segment Results of Operations (2014 versus 2013) Light Vehicle Sales Segment EBITDA Segment EBITDA Margin 2013 $ 2,549 $ 242 9.5% Volume and mix 35 8 Performance 60 38 Venezuelan bolivar devaluation (11 ) Currency effects (148 ) (27 ) 2014 $ 2,496 $ 250 10.0% Adverse currency effects in our Light Vehicle segment were attributable in large part to devaluation of the Venezuelan  bolivar and a weaker Argentine peso, South African rand and Thai baht. Exclusive of currency ef fects, Light Vehicle sales for  2014 were 4% higher than in 2013. Volume and mix increased largely from stronger 2014 full frame light truck production in  North America of 5% and increased light truck production in Europe of 6%, along with contributions from new program roll- outs. Partially offsetting these volume increases were lower demand levels in  Thailand, India, Australia and Venezuela. Performance sales impact is primarily increased pricing to recover material, devaluation and inflationary costs in  Argentina and  Venezuela.  Light Vehicle segment EBITDA of $250 was $8 higher than in 2013, with EBITDA  margin of 10.0% in 2014 increased  from a margin of 9.5% in the prior year. As more fully discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements in Item 8, in  the first quarter of 2014, we recorded a char ge of $17 for devaluation of the bolivar as a result of using the SICAD exchange  rate rather than the of ficial exchange rate for translating the financial results of our  Venezuelan operations. Further devaluation  of the SICAD rate in 2014 resulted in additional char ges of $3. Partially offsetting these devaluation ef fects were gains of $8 on  approved CENCOEX settlements of U.S. dollar obligations at the of ficial exchange rate of 6.3 bolivars per dollar . The 2013  results of this segment included a first-quarter char ge of $6 for devaluation of the bolivar of ficial exchange rate of 4.3 bolivars  per U.S. dollar to 6.3. Subsequent settlement in 2013 of U.S. dollar obligations at an of ficial rate of 4.3 provided gains of $5.  The net impacts of these devaluation-related items were net char ges of $12 in 2014 and $1 in 2013. Adversely impacting  currency effects is about $34 for translating full year 2014 bolivar -denominated activities at the devalued SICAD rate. Partially  offsetting this translation impact were gains of $14 from 2014 sales of U.S. dollars in the SICAD 2 market at an average of 49.9  bolivars per dollar. Increased performance-related segment EBITDA  in 2014 is attributable in large part to pricing, primarily to recover  inflationary cost increases of about $45 in  Argentina and Venezuela. Segment EBITDA also benefited from additional year - over-year material cost savings of $24 and lower warranty expense of $6. Partially of fsetting these factors were increased  material commodity costs of $14 and engineering and development cost of $10, with the remaining dif ference resulting  primarily from cost reduction actions. 23