Standard Instrument Departure (SID). An ATC requested  and developed departure route designed to increase capacity  of terminal airspace, effectively control the flow of traffic  with minimal communication, and reduce environmental  impact through noise abatement procedures.  Runway Hotspots. Locations on a particular airport that  historically have hazardous intersections. Hot spots alert  pilots to the fact that there may be a lack of visibility at  certain points or the tower may be unable to see that  particular intersection. Whatever the reason, pilots need  to be aware that these hazardous intersections exist and  they should be increasingly vigilant when approaching  and taxiing through these intersections. Pilots are typically  notified of these areas by a Letter to Airmen or by accessing  the FAA Office of Runway Safety.  Standard Service Volume. Most air navigation radio aids  that provide positive course guidance have a designated  standard service volume (SSV). The SSV defines the  reception limits of unrestricted NAVAIDS that are usable for  random/unpublished route navigation. Standard service  volume limitations do not apply to published IFR routes or  procedures. See the AIM (Chapter 1) for the SSV for specific  NAVAID types.  Runway Incursion. An occurrence at an airport involving  an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that  creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation  with an aircraft that is taking off, intending to take off,  landing, or intending to land.  Runway Safety Program (RSP). Designed to create and  execute a plan of action that reduces the number of runway  incursions at the nation’s airports.  Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR). Provides a common  method for departing the en route structure and navigating  to your destination. A STAR is a preplanned instrument  flight rule ATC arrival procedure published for pilot use  in graphic and textual form to simplify clearance delivery  procedures. STARs provide you with a transition from  the en route structure to an outer fix or an instrument  approach fix or arrival waypoint in the terminal area. STARs  usually terminate with an instrument or visual approach  procedure, but may also terminate with a heading or course  to fly for radar vectors.  Runway Visual Range (RVR). An estimate of the maximum  distance at which the runway, or the specified lights or  markers delineating it, can be seen from a position above  a specific point on the runway centerline. RVR is normally  determined by visibility sensors or transmissometers  located alongside and higher than the centerline of the  runway. RVR is reported in hundreds of feet.  Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts. Designed to  expedite air traffic control arrival procedures and to  facilitate transition between en route and instrument  approach operations. Each STAR procedure is presented  as a separate chart and may serve a single airport or more  than one airport in a given geographical location  Standardized Taxi Routes. Coded taxi routes that follow  typical taxiway traffic patterns to move aircraft between  gates and runways. ATC issues clearances using these  coded routes to reduce radio communication and eliminate  taxi instruction misinterpretation.  Runway Visibility Value (RVV). The visibility determined  for a particular runway by a transmissometer. A meter  provides a continuous indication of the visibility (reported  in miles or fractions of miles) for the runway. RVV is used  in lieu of prevailing visibility in determining minimums for  a particular runway.  Significant Point. [ICAO Annex 11] A specified geographical  location used in defining an ATS route or the flightpath  of an aircraft and for other navigation and ATS purposes.  Special Instrument Approach Procedure. A procedure  approved by the FAA for individual operators, but not  published in 14 CFR Part 97 for public use.  STAR Transition. A published segment used to connect  one or more en route airways, jet routes, or RNAV routes  to the basic STAR procedure. It is one of several routes that  bring traffic from different directions into one STAR. STARs  are published for airports with procedures authorized by  the FAA, and these STARs are included at the front of each  Terminal Procedures Publication regional booklet.  Start End of Runway (SER). The beginning of the takeoff  runway available.  Special Use Airspace Management System (SAMS). A  joint FAA and military program designed to improve civilian  access to special use airspace by providing information on  whether the airspace is active or scheduled to be active. The  information is available to authorized users via an Internet  website.  G-9 