Table of Contents vii Preface....................................................................iii Acknowledgments..................................................v Table of Contents .................................................vii Chapter 1 Introduction to Advanced Avionics ...................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1‑1 How To Operate Advanced Avionics Systems..............1‑2 Which Advanced Avionics Systems To Use and When 1‑2 How Advanced Avionics Systems Affect the Pilot .......1‑3 Chapter Summary ..........................................................1‑3 Chapter 2 Electronic Flight Instruments.............................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2‑1 Primary Flight Display (PFD)........................................2‑2 Primary Flight Instruments.........................................2‑2 Cross‑Checking the Primary Flight Instruments ....2‑2 Common Errors: Altitude Excursions and Fixation ...................................................................2‑2 Enhancements to the Primary Flight Instruments...2‑3 Primary Flight Instrument Systems............................2‑3 Navigation Instruments ..............................................2‑3 Other Flight Status Information .................................2‑4 Making Entries on the PFD ........................................2‑4 Failures and the Primary Flight Display.....................2‑4 Instrument System Failure......................................2‑4 PFD Failure.............................................................2‑6 Awareness: Using Standby Instruments .................2‑6 Essential Skills ...........................................................2‑6 Chapter Summary ..........................................................2‑6 Chapter 3 Navigation ............................................................3-1 Area Navigation (RNAV) Basics...................................3‑2 RNAV Concept ..........................................................3‑2 FMS/RNAV Computer  ..............................................3‑2 FMS/RNAV/Autopilot Interface: Display and Controls ......................................................................3‑3 Accessing Information in the FMS.........................3‑3 Making Entries in the FMS.....................................3‑4 Integrated Avionics Systems ..................................3‑4 Learning: Simulators for Learning and Practice.....3‑5 Flight Planning...............................................................3‑5 Preflight Preparation  ...................................................3‑5 FMS/RNAV Approval For IFR Operations  ...............3‑6 Navigation Database Currency ......................................3‑6 Alternative Means of Navigation ...............................3‑6 NOTAMs Relevant To GPS.......................................3‑6 GPS Signal Availability .............................................3‑6 Alternate Airports.......................................................3‑7 Aircraft Equipment Suffixes  .......................................3‑7 Suitability of an RNAV Unit for VFR Flight.............3‑7 Programming the Flight Route ...................................3‑7 The Flight Planning Page ...........................................3‑8 En Route Waypoints and Procedural Waypoints....3‑8 Entering En Route Waypoints ................................3‑8 Entering Airways ....................................................3‑8 Entering Procedures................................................3‑9 Risk: Taking Off Without Entering a Flight Plan...3‑9 Reviewing the Flight Route ....................................3‑9 Catching Errors: Using the FMs Flight Planning  Function To Cross‑Check Calculations......................3‑9 Check the Waypoints............................................3‑10 Check the Distances..............................................3‑10 Check the Desired Tracks.....................................3‑11 Check for Route Discontinuities...........................3‑11 Maintaining Proficiency: Aeronautical Knowledge............................................................3‑11 Coupling the FMs to the Navigation Indicator(s) ....3‑11 Common Error: Displaying the Wrong Navigation Source ................................................3‑12 Awareness: Mode Awareness...............................3‑13 Essential Skills .........................................................3‑13 En Route Navigation....................................................3‑13