⦁ $_{Explain the benefits of studying at regularly spaced intervals, and the disadvantages of “cramming.”}$$_{ }$ ⦁ $_{Encourage learner use of mnemonic devices while studying. }$ ⦁ $_{Explain the effect of depth of understanding on remembering and forgetting. }$ ⦁ $_{Explain the effect of frequent and recent usage of knowledge on remembering and forgetting. }$ ⦁ $_{Discuss the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory. }$ Chapter Summary  Learning theory has caused instruction to move from basic skills and pure facts to linking new information with prior knowledge,  from relying on a single authority to recognizing multiple sources of knowledge, and from novice-like to expert-like problem-solving.  While educational theories facilitate learning, no one learning theory is good for all learning situations and all learners. Instruction in  aviation should utilize a combination of learning theories.  3-42 