166  US  10,031,419 B2  165  partial structure which is represented by -COO- in the  structure shown by General Formula (KA-1).  an oxycarbonyl group, a nitrile group, a nitro group, a  sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or halo( cyclo )alkyl group  or haloaryl group which is represented by -C(Rfl)(R 12 )- Rf3, and a combination thereof.  Here, the "halo( cyclo )alkyl group" represents an alkyl  group and a cycloalkyl group of which at least a part is  halogenated. In a case where an electron-withdrawing group  is a divalent or higher group, the remaining direct bonds  form a bond with an arbitrary atom or substituent group and  may be linked with a main chain of the resin (C) via an  additional substituent group.  (KA-1) 5  (KB-1)  In General Formula (KA-1),  Zka  represents an alkyl  group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group,  an amide group, an aryl group, a lactone ring group, or an  electron-withdrawing group. When a plurality of  Zkas  are  present, the plurality of  Zkas  may be the same or may be  different and the  Zkas  may form a ring by linking with each  other. Examples of rings which  Zkas  form by linking with  each other include a cycloalkyl ring and a hetero ring (a  cyclic ether ring, a lactone ring, and the like).  nka represents an integer of 0 to 10. nka is preferably an  integer of Oto 8, more preferably an integer of Oto 5, even  more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and the most preferably  an integer of 1 to 3.  Q represents an atomic group which is necessary for  forming a lactone ring with atoms in the formula. The  lactone ring is not particularly limited as long as the lactone  ring is a group which has a lactone structure as described  above; however, the lactone ring is preferably a group which  has a ring lactone structure with 5 to 7 members, and a group  in which another ring structure is condensed in a form in  which a bicyclo structure and a spiro structure are formed in  a ring lactone structure with 5 to 7 members is preferable.  In General Formula (KB-1),  Xkbl  and  Xk$_{62 }$ each indepen› dently represent an electron-withdrawing group.  nkb and nkb’ each independently represent 0 or 1. Here,  a case where nkb and nkb’ are 0 indicates that  Xkbl  and  Xk$_{62 }$ are directly bonded with an ester group (--COO-).  Rkbu Rk$_{62}$,  Rk$_{63}$, and Rk$_{64 }$each independently represent a  hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl  group, or an electron-withdrawing group. At least two of  Rkbu Rk$_{62}$,  and  Xkbl  may form a ring by linking with each  other and at least two of Rk$_{63}$ ,  Rk 64 ,  and  Xk$_{62 }$ may form a  ring by linking with each other.  Examples of a ring which at least two of Rk$_{63}$ , Rk 64 , and  Xk$_{62 }$ may form by linking with each other preferably include  a cycloalkyl group or a hetero ring group and the hetero ring  group is preferably a lactone ring group. Examples of the  lactone ring include a structure which is represented by, for  example, Formulas (LCl-1) to (LCl-17) described above  for the resin (A).  Here, a structure which is represented by General Formula  (KA-1) or (KB-1) is a monovalent or higher partial structure  where at least one arbitrary hydrogen atom is removed in the  structure in a case of not having a direct bond as in a case  of the structure which is represented by General Formula  (KA-1) and the structure which is represented by (KB-1) in  a case where  Xkbl  and  Xk$_{62 }$ are monovalent.  Examples ofan electron-withdrawing group in  Zka,  Xk$_{61}$ , 65  Xk$_{62}$,  and  Rkbl  to  Rkb4  include a halogen atom, a cyano  group, an oxy group, a carbonyl group, a carbonyloxy group,  The cycloalkyl group as  Zka  may be a monocyclic type or  may be a polycyclic type. In the latter case, the cycloalkyl  group may be a bridged type. That is, in this case, the  The alkyl group as  Zka  may have a substituent group and  may be either straight-chain or branched. A straight-chain  alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and more  preferably 1 to 20. A branched alkyl group preferably has 3  to 30 carbon atoms and more preferably 3 to 20.  An  alkyl  group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an  ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl  group, an i-butyl group, and t-butyl group is preferable.  Examples of the halogen atom as  Zka  include a fluorine  atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, and  the like, and a fluorine atom is preferable.  Zka  is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an  ether group, a hydroxyl group, or an electron-withdrawing  group and more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl  group, or an electron-withdrawing group. Here, the ether  group is preferably an ether group which is substituted with  an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or the like, that is, an  alkylether group and the like. The electron-withdrawing  group is the same as described above.  Here, with regard to the electron-withdrawing group  described above, the fluorine atoms of a part may be  substituted with another electron-withdrawing group.  An  electron-withdrawing group is preferably a halogen  atom or a halo( cyclo )alkyl group or haloaryl group which is  represented by -C(Rfl)(R$_{12}$)-Rf3 and more preferably  ----C(CF$_{3}$) $_{2}$H or -C(CF$_{3}$) $_{2}$CHy  R$_{12 }$ more preferably represents the same group as  Rfl  or  forms a ring by linking with Rf3.  Examples of a (per)halocycloalkyl group and a (per)  haloaryl group in  Rfl  to Rf3 or in a ring which R$_{12 }$ and Rf3  form by linking with each other include a structure where the  cycloalkyl group in the  Zka  is halogenated, and more pref› erably a fluorocycloalkyl group which is represented by  ----Ccnif c$_{2}$n-$_{2}$)H and a perfluoroaryl group which is repre› sented by ----Ccnif cn-I)• Here, the number of carbon atoms n  is not particularly limited but is preferably 5 to 13 and more  preferably 6.  Examples of a (halo )alkyl group in  Rfl  to Rf3 include the  alkyl group in the  Zka  and a structure where this group is  halogenated.  At least two ofR$_{12 }$to Rf3 may form a ring by linking with  each other and examples of the formed ring include a  (halo )cycloalkyl ring, a (halo )aryl ring, and the like.  R$_{12 }$ and Rf3 each independently represent a hydrogen  atom, a halogen atom, or an organic group and R$_{12 }$ and Rf3  may form a ring by linking with each other. The organic  group represents, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl  group, an alkoxy group, and the like.  Here,  Rfl  represents a halogen atom, a perhaloalkyl group,  a perhalocycloalkyl group, or a perhaloaryl group, more  preferably represents a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl  group, or a perfluorocycloalkyl group, and even more pref› erably represents a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.  fkb3  "  fkbl  Xkb2-+,-t-;:;;J;,C-O-+,~Xkbl  Rkb4  Rkb2 