Terrain Systems .............................................................5‑6 Early Systems .............................................................5‑6 Terrain Display...........................................................5‑7 Monitoring Surrounding Terrain During Departure and Arrival .............................................5‑7 Evaluating a Direct‑To Routing..............................5‑8 Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems..................5‑8 TAWS A and TAWS B ..........................................5‑8 TAWS Alerts ..........................................................5‑8 Risk: Silencing TAWS Alerts ....................................5‑8 Risk: Flying in Close Proximity to Terrain ................5‑9 Cockpit Weather Systems ..............................................5‑9 Thunderstorms and Precipitation................................5‑9 Onboard Weather Radar Systems.............................5‑10 Ground Weather Surveillance Radar........................5‑10 Limitations of Both Types of Weather Radar Systems .................................................................5‑11 Lightning...............................................................5‑12 Clouds ...................................................................5‑12 Other Weather Products........................................5‑12 Using Advanced Weather Data Systems..................5‑12 Preflight Overview  ................................................5‑13 Track Progress of Significant Weather En Route  .5‑13 Investigate Weather Phenomena Reported by Radio.....................................................................5‑13 Broadcast Weather Products Versus Onboard Weather Sensors ...................................................5‑13 Common Error: Skipping the Preflight Weather Briefing  .....................................................................5‑14 Traffic Data Systems  ....................................................5‑14 Traffic Data Systems Using Onboard Sensing  Equipment ................................................................5‑14 Traffic Data Systems Receiving Information From  Ground‑based Facilities............................................5‑14 Advanced Traffic Data Systems Based On ADS-B  .5‑15 Using A Traffic Data System  ...................................5‑15 Setting Sensitivity on a Traffic Data System  ........5‑15 Responding to Traffic Alerts  ................................5‑15 Error: Overreliance on Traffic Data System/Failure To Scan  ........................................5‑15 Using a Traffic Data System on the Ground  .........5‑15 Fuel Management Systems ..........................................5‑15 Initial Fuel Estimate .................................................5‑16 Estimating Amount Of Fuel on Board .....................5‑16 Predicting Fuel at a Later Point in the Flight ...........5‑16 Determining Endurance............................................5‑17 Risk: Stretching Fuel Reserves.................................5‑17 Other Cockpit Information System Features ...............5‑17 Electronic Checklists................................................5‑17 Electronic Charts ......................................................5‑18 FMS/RNAV Pages on the MFD  ...............................5‑18 Chapter Summary ........................................................5‑19 Essential Skills Checklist .................................. E-1 Glossary ..............................................................G-1