particular interest are alkyl groups, and alkenyl groups having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples of the phenol compound include phenol, cresol, xylenol, catechol, propyl phenol, butyl phenol, amyl phenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonyl phenol, dodecylphenol, cardanol, cardol, methyl cardol, para- phenyl phenol and the like. The phenol, formaldehyde and alkanolamine engage in a condensation reaction to form a Mannich base that contains hydroxyl groups (one phenolic and one or more aliphatic). The hydroxyl groups of the Mannich base are alkoxylated to produce the alkoxylated Mannich base. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated Mannich base is represented by the structure: wherein each R is independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or linear or branched alkenyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, m is a number from 0 to 2, each R 1 is independently hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms, each n is a number such that the hydroxyl equivalent weight is up to 250, x is a number from 1 to 3, R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl, o is a number from 1 to 4, and p is 0 or 1. R preferably is - alkyl, especially C$_{6-12}$ alkyl, each R 1 independently is preferably hydrogen or methyl, and each n is preferably 1 or 2 . p is preferably zero m is preferably 1. o is preferably 1 to 2. x is preferably 1 or 2. Each R $^{2}$, when present, preferably is C$_{1-3}$ alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated Mannich base is a propoxylated and/or ethoxylated Mannich base, wherein the Mannich base is a condensation product of an alkyl phenol or alkenyl phenol in which the alkyl or alkenyl group has 1-18 carbon atoms, formaldehyde and diethanolamine, and in which x is such that the average functionality of the alkoxylated Mannich base is 3 to 5 or 3 to 4. Other b-2) polyols, when present, include compounds having 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4 or 2 to 3, hydroxyl groups per molecule and having an