"Specially organized province" includes Batanes, Mindoro, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, and Palawan. "Regularly organized province" includes all provinces except the specially organized provinces and the provinces of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu. "Municipality" refers to municipalities proper and except as otherwise specially provided does not include chartered city, township, municipal district, or other local political division. "Chartered city", "city incorporated under special charter", and similar expressions refer to cities, like Manila and Baguio, incorporated under special laws. "Citizen of the Philippine Islands" includes not only those who acquire the status of citizens of the Philippine Islands by birth or naturalization, but also persons who have acquired the status of Filipinos under Article IX of the Treaty of Paris, of the  tenth of December, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight. [Act of Congress, July 1, 1902, sec. 4.] "Employee," when generally used in reference to persons in the public service, includes any person in the service of the Government or any branch thereof of whatever grade or class. "Officer", as distinguished from "clerk" or "employee", refers to those officials whose duties, not being of a clerical or manual nature, may be considered to involve the exercise of discretion in the performance of the functions of government, whether suc h duties are precisely defined by law or not. "Officer", when used with reference to a person having authority to do a particular act or perform a particular function in the exercise of governmental power, shall include any Government employee, agent, or body having authority to do the act or exercise  the function in question.  The word "person" includes both natural and artificial persons. SECTION  3 . Relation of Administrative Code to Prior Laws . — Such provisions of this Code as incorporate prior laws shall be deemed to be made in ARTICLE  II General Principles 2 Copyright 2012 CD Technologies Asia, Inc. and Accesslaw, Inc. Philippine Law Encyclopedia 2011