elaboration of supporting material. During a formal lecture,  the speaker’s purpose is to inform, to persuade, or to entertain  with little or no verbal participation by the students. When  using a teaching lecture, the instructor plans and delivers an  oral presentation in a manner that allows some participation  by the students and helps direct them toward the desired  learning outcomes. student achievement, the instructor determines the  effectiveness of the instruction. Many new and innovative training technologies are available  today. One of the most significant is computer-based training  (CBT)—the use of the personal computer as a training device.  [Figure 10-10] CBT is sometimes called computer-based  instruction (CBI). The terms CBT and CBI are synonymous  and may be used interchangeably. This method of teaching is based on the simple, yet sound  principle that we learn by doing. Students learn physical  or mental skills by actually performing those skills under  supervision. An individual learns to write by writing, and  to fly a balloon by actually performing flight maneuvers.  Students also learn mental skills, such as speed reading, by  this method. Skills requiring the use of tools, machines, and  equipment are particularly well suited to this instructional  method.  Every instructor should recognize the importance of student  performance in the learning process. Early in a lesson that  is to include demonstration and performance, the instructor  should identify the most important learning outcomes. Next,  explain and demonstrate the steps involved in performing the  skill being taught. Then, allow students time to practice each  step, so they can increase their ability to perform the skill. The demonstration-performance method of teaching has five  essential phases: Common examples of CBT with specific application to  balloon flight training include the computer versions of the  test prep study guides which are useful for preparation for  the FAA knowledge tests. These programs typically allow  the students to select a test, complete the questions, and find  out how they did on the test. The student may then conduct a  review of questions missed. An excellent resource for balloon  training is the web site webexams.com; this provides the  student with the ability to take practice exams, which assists  in determining weaknesses in training. 10-14 •  Evaluation Phase—in this final phase, the instructor  judges student performance. The student performs  whatever competence has been attained, and the  instructor evaluates and discovers just how well the  skill has been learned. Form this measurement of  •  Student Performance and Instructor Supervision  Phases—these two phases, which involve separate  actions, are performed concurrently, and are thus  described under a single heading. The first action  is the performance by the student of the physical  or mental skill that had been explained. The second  is the instructor’s supervision, insuring that errors  are immediately corrected to standards already  prescribed. •  Demonstration Phase—the instructor must show the  student the actions necessary to perform a skill. •  Explanation Phase—explanations must be clear,  pertinent to the objectives of the particular lesson to  be presented, and based on the known experience and  knowledge of the student. In addition to the necessary  actions to be performed, the instructor should describe  the end result of these efforts. $_{Figure 10-10.}$  The instructor must continually monitor student  performance when using CBT, as with all instructional aids. Computer-based Training Demonstration-Performance Method