Assessment Skills  Instructor's Code of Ethics  Figure 5-2.  An effective instructor uses a variety of tools to evaluate how learners learn, as well as what they know.  5-3  Another management skill that enhances the effectiveness of aviation instructors is supervision of the learners. For the flight  instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. For the maintenance instructor, this may mean monitoring a  maintenance procedure. While it is important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to engage learners, it is also important to  ensure the learners complete the tasks correctly.  In Chapter 3, The Learning Process, learning was defined as a change in the behavior as a result of experience. The behavior can be  physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal. This change is measurable and therefore can be assessed.  Assessment of learning is a complex process, and it is important to be clear about the purposes of the assessment. There are several  points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. Assessment of learning is another  important skill of an effective instructor.  [Figure 5-2]  This topic is discussed in detail in Chapter 6, Assessment.  While many of the characteristics of effective instructors discussed in the previous paragraphs hold true for any instructor, the  aviation instructor has the added responsibility of molding an aviation citizen—a pilot or maintenance technician who will be an asset  to the rest of the aviation community. The following code describes the concept of a good aviation citizen.  An aviation instructor needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot or technician who should:  7. $_{ }$Adhere to applicable laws and regulations.  6. $_{ }$Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters, and  5. $_{ }$Act with responsibility and courtesy,  4. $_{ }$Be accountable for his or her actions,  3. $_{ }$Recognize and manage risk effectively,  2. $_{ }$Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions,  1. $_{ }$Make safety the number one priority, 