Figure 1-5.  3P Model (Perceive, Process, and Perform).  1-11 What Do I Do with My Score?  Three-P Model for Pilots  As we have just learned with the Identify, Assess, & Mitigate model, risk management is a decision-making process designed to  identify or perceive hazards systematically, assess the degree of risk associated with a hazard, and determine the best course of action  to mitigate the risk. For example, the Perceive, Process, Perform (3P) model for aeronautical decision-making (ADM) offers a  simple, practical, and structured way for pilots to manage risk.  [Figure 1-5]  No FRAT can anticipate all the hazards that may impact a particular flight but there are some common hazards that GA pilots  encounter regularly. The National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) has developed a free online Flight Risk Awareness Tool  (FRAT) to help flightcrews quickly assess threats to safety for a particular flight. Developed as part of a study, the FRAT presents  operators with an easy-to-understand summary of the risks associated with each mission. No identifying data is collected to produce a  risk analysis and pilots can try the tool before putting it to use on a live flight. This downloadable tool presents pilots with an easy-to- understand summary of the risks associated with each flight and can be found at https://nbaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/flight- risk-assessment-tool.pdf  An effective FRAT has at least three possible score ranges. These are often grouped into green, yellow and red sections.  When using a FRAT, the pilot creates numerical thresholds that trigger additional levels of scrutiny prior to a go/no-go decision for  the flight. These thresholds help ensure that the safety standards of each individual flight are maintained. However, it is important that  the pilot create realistic thresholds. If every flight is within the acceptable range under any condition, it is likely that the thresholds  have not been set correctly.  A risk assessment tool allows pilots to see the risk profile of a flight in its planning stages. Each pilot determines an acceptable level  of risk for flight based on the type of operation, environment, aircraft used, training, and overall flight experience. When the risk for a  flight exceeds the acceptable level, the hazards associated with that risk may be further evaluated and the risk reduced. A higher risk  flight might not be operated if the hazards cannot be mitigated to an acceptable level.  ⦁ $_{RED (HIGH): Risk likelihood and/or severity is normally reduced to lower levels before departure. Unless }$ the risks involved in the flight can be mitigated (different crew/adding a copilot, better equipment, delayed  launch time…) flight cancellation occurs.$_{ }$ ⦁ $_{YELLOW (SERIOUS): Risk likelihood and/or severity needs reduction to lower levels before departure. }$ Begin by mitigating some of the higher scoring items, and consider consulting with a  flight instructor $_{ }$or mechanic if the score remains in the yellow.  ⦁ $_{GREEN (MEDIUM): Flight can depart or continue, but risk severity and/or likelihood may be reduced. }$