Gains and losses recognized in the income statement on financial assets and financial liabilities classified as at fair value through profit  or loss can be summarized as follows: 271 2013 2012 Trading Designated Trading Designated Net gains and (losses) 8,499 6,263 6,765 5,763 2013 2012 Purchase Sale Purchase Sale Real estate - 7 - 23 Mortgage loans 330 44 312 60 Private loans 106 - 25 - Other 364 - 365 - 2013 2012 Guarantees 662 660 Standby letters of credit 40 41 Share of contingent liabilities incurred in relation to interests in joint ventures 64 102 Other guarantees 27 3 Other commitments and contingent liabilities 22 28 No loans and receivables were designated at fair value through profit or loss. Changes in the fair value of investment contracts for account of policyholders designated at fair value through profit or loss were  not attributable to changes in Aegon’s credit spread. There are also no differences between the carrying amounts of these financial  liabilities and the contractual amounts payable at maturity (net of surrender penalties).  Refer to note 41 Borrowings for the impact of Aegon’s credit spread on the fair value of the borrowings designated at fair value  through profit or loss.  In the normal course of business, the Group has committed itself through purchase and sale transactions of investments, mostly to be  executed in the course of 2014. The amounts represent the future outflow and inflow, respectively, of cash related to these investment  transactions that are not reflected in the consolidated statement of financial position. Mortgage loans commitments represent undrawn mortgage loan facility provided and outstanding proposals on mortgages. The sale  of mortgage loans relates to pre-announced redemptions on mortgage loans. Private loans represents deals on Aegon's portfolio of  private placement securities that Aegon has committed to, but have not yet settled and funded. Other commitments include future  purchases of interests in investment funds and limited partnerships.  Guarantees include those given on account of asset management commitments and guarantees associated with the sale of  investments in low-income housing tax credit partnerships in the United States. Standby letters of credit amounts reflected above  are the liquidity commitment notional amounts. In addition to the guarantees shown in the table, guarantees have been given for  fulfillment of contractual obligations such as investment mandates related to investment funds. An Aegon N.V. indirect US life subsidiary has a net worth maintenance agreement with its subsidiary Transamerica Life (Bermuda) Ltd,  pursuant to which Transamerica Life Insurance Company, a US life insurance subsidiary, will provide capital sufficient to maintain a S&P  “AA” financial strength rating and capital sufficient to comply with the requirements of the countries in which its branches are located. Aegon USA, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aegon N.V., has provided a parental guarantee to TLIC Riverwood Reinsurance, Inc.  (TRRI), an affiliated captive reinsurer, for the cash payments required fulfilling reinsurance payments to Transamerica Life Insurance  Contractual obligations Other commitments and contingencies 51 Commitments and contingencies Investments contracted