Use of  essere  and  avere 7 The verbs  essere  and  avere  are normally used as the verbs ‘to be’ and ‘to have’ are used in English.  Essere  is usually followed by an adjective or a noun: Unit 4 31 Siete studenti?  [noun] Daniela è medico.  [noun] Tu e Anna siete cugini?  [noun] Siete gentili!  [adjective] Gli amici di Paul sono italiani. [adjective] Are you students? [noun] Daniela is a doctor. [noun] Are you and Anna cousins? [noun] You are kind! [adjective] Paul’s friends are Italian. [adjective] Hai il libro? Non ho tempo. Abbiamo molti amici. Hanno una casa grande. Paolo e io abbiamo una macchina. Have you got the book? I haven’t time. We have a lot of friends. They have a big house. Paolo and I have got a car. avere caldo avere fame avere freddo avere paura avere ragione avere sete avere sonno avere torto avere fretta to be hot to be hungry to be cold to be afraid to be right to be thirsty to be sleepy to be wrong to be in a hurry Abbiamo fame. Avete ragione! Marina ha fretta. (Lei) ha sete, Signora? Non hai freddo, Claudia? We are hungry. Yo u ’re right! Marina is in a hurry. Are you thirsty(, Madam)? Aren’t you cold, Claudia? Avere  is normally followed by a noun (or a noun accompanied by an adjective): 8 The verb  avere , followed by a noun, is also used in a number of idiomatic expressions which correspond to English expressions using ‘to be’ followed by an adjective or an adverbial phrase: