Pilot/Controller Glossary Pilot/Controller Glossary  8/15/19 12/31/20  b.  “Increase/reduce speed to (speed in knots)” or  “Increase/reduce speed (number of knots) knots.”  SPEED BRAKES- Moveable aerodynamic devices  on aircraft that reduce airspeed during descent and  landing.  SPEED SEGMENTS- Portions of the arrival route  between the transition point and the vertex along the  optimum flight path for which speeds and altitudes  are specified. There is one set of arrival speed  segments adapted from each transition point to each  vertex. Each set may contain up to six segments.  SPOOFING- Denotes emissions of GNSS-like  signals that may be acquired and tracked in  combination with or instead of the intended signals  by civil receivers. The onset of spoofing effects can  be instantaneous or delayed, and effects can persist  after the spoofing has ended. Spoofing can result in  false and potentially confusing, or hazardously  misleading, position, navigation, and/or date/time  information in addition to loss of GNSS use.  SQUAWK (Mode, Code, Function)- Used by ATC  to instruct a pilot to activate the aircraft transponder  and ADS-B Out with altitude reporting enabled, or  (military) to activate only specific modes, codes, or  functions. Examples: “Squawk five seven zero  seven;” “Squawk three/alpha, two one zero five.”  (See TRANSPONDER.)  STA- STAGING/QUEUING- The placement, integration,  and segregation of departure aircraft in designated  movement areas of an airport by departure fix, EDCT,  and/or restriction.  STAND BY- Means the controller or pilot must  pause for a few seconds, usually to attend to other  duties of a higher priority. Also means to wait as in  “stand by for clearance.” The caller should  reestablish contact if a delay is lengthy. “Stand by” is  not an approval or denial.  STANDARD INSTRUMENT APPROACH PRO- CEDURE (SIAP)- STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE (SID)- A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic  control (ATC) departure procedure printed for  pilot/controller use in graphic form to provide  (See SCHEDULED TIME OF ARRIVAL.)  (See INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)  obstacle clearance and a transition from the terminal  area to the appropriate en route structure. SIDs are  primarily designed for system enhancement to  expedite traffic flow and to reduce pilot/controller  workload. ATC clearance must always be received  prior to flying a SID.  STEP TAXI- To taxi a float plane at full power or  high RPM.  STATIC RESTRICTIONS- Those restrictions that  are usually not subject to change, fixed, in place,  and/or published.  STATE AIRCRAFT- Aircraft used in military,  customs and police service, in the exclusive service  of any government or of any political subdivision  thereof, including the government of any state,  territory, or possession of the United States or the  District of Columbia, but not including any  government-owned aircraft engaged in carrying  persons or property for commercial purposes.  (See STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL.)  STAR- (See DTAS.)  STANDARD TERMINAL AUTOMATION RE- PLACEMENT SYSTEM (STARS)- (See AERONAUTICAL CHART.)  STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL CHARTS- STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL (STAR)- A  preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic  control arrival procedure published for pilot use in  graphic and/or textual form. STARs provide  transition from the en route structure to an outer fix  or an instrument approach fix/arrival waypoint in the  terminal area.  (See IFR TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND  DEPARTURE PROCEDURES.)  (See OBSTACLE DEPARTURE PROCEDURE.)  (Refer to AIM.)  STANDARD RATE TURN- A turn of three degrees  per second.  PCG S-7  STATIONARY ALTITUDE RESERVATION  (STATIONARY ALTRV)– An altitude reservation  which encompasses activities in a fixed area.  Stationary ALTRVs may include activities such as  special tests of weapons systems or equipment;  certain U.S. Navy carrier, fleet, and anti-submarine  operations; rocket, missile, and drone operations; and  certain aerial refueling or similar operations. 