2012, production of about 245,000 units in 2013 declined 12%. Class 8 order levels were rather sluggish during the second half  of 2013 as truck buyers were cautious about the overall strength of the economy and opted to hold of f on replacing existing  vehicles. As confidence in a sustained stronger economy developed during the latter part of 2013 and into 2014, Class 8 order  levels began increasing, with 2014 production coming in around 298,000 units – an increase of about 22% over 2013.  Similar to the light vehicle market, we expect a continued strong economic climate to persist in North  America throughout  2015 resulting in relatively stable year-over-year medium and heavy duty commercial vehicle production.  At present, we expect  Class 8 production in the region to increase by 1 to 7% and medium duty production to range from a decline of 6% to an  increase of 3%.  Light vehicle markets  — Signs of an improved overall European economy have been evident, albeit mixed at times, during the  past two years. Reflective of a modestly improved economy , light vehicle production levels have increased with light vehicle  engine production being up about 3% in 2014 after increasing 2% in 2013 and light truck production being higher by 6% in  2014 after being up about 5% in 2013. We expect the current economic stability to persist in 2015 with light vehicle engine  production being flat to up 5% and light truck unit build being relatively flat with 2014.  The economic climate in most South  America markets the past three years has been volatile and challenging.  The markets rebounded some in 2013 from a relatively  weak 2012, with light truck production increasing about 7% and light engine build being 4% higher . Throughout 2014,  however, the economies in South America have been quite weak. As a result, light truck production was down 12% from 2013  and light vehicle engine build was 16% lower – essentially giving back the 2013 gains. Our current production outlook has  light truck production in 2015 flat to up 9%, with engine build being in the range of down 3% to up 3%. However , given the  uncertainty and challenge in this region, at present, we believe lower end of the range outcomes are more likely than upper end.  The Asia Pacific markets have been relatively strong the past few years, principally fueled by growth in China. Light truck  production was 8% stronger in 2014 after being up about 10 to 13% in each of the two preceding years. Light vehicle engine  production increased 3% in 2014 from 2013, with the two preceding years having also experienced increases – up more than  5% in both 2013 and 2012. We expect to see continued growth in 2015, with year-over-year light truck production being up 1 to  5% and light vehicle engine production being higher by about 3 to 6%. Medium/heavy vehicle markets  — Some of the same factors referenced above that af fected light vehicle markets outside of  North America similarly affected the medium/heavy markets.  Whereas some modest improvement was reflected in light vehicle  production levels in 2013 and 2014, the medium/heavy truck markets continued at comparable levels.  We expect that it will  take additional time before the improving Europe market conditions impact this sector . As such, we expect relatively  comparable to 5% higher year-over-year medium/heavy truck production levels there in 2015. South  America medium/heavy  truck production levels were down more than 20% in 2012 due lar gely to overall economic weakness in the region and a pull- back in purchases caused by engine emissions changes in Brazil.  With the pent up demand from the Brazil emissions changes  stimulating 2013 truck purchases, South America production in 2013 rebounded and was up about 27% from 2012.  The weak  economic climate in 2014 in the region, however, led to medium/heavy truck production declining more than 25% in 2014. Our  outlook for South America for 2015 anticipates persistent economic weakness in the region, with medium/heavy truck  production likely to be slightly lower to flat compared to the previous year . Asia Pacific medium/heavy truck production levels  in 2012 and early 2013 were still restrained from the ef fects of natural disasters that significantly impacted the region in 201 1,  along with a sluggish 2012 commercial vehicle market in China. Production has strengthened some the past two years, being up  about 2% in each of 2013 and 2014. We expect stable economic conditions in this region in 2015, with medium/heavy truck  production being down 4% to up 3% compared with 2014.  Off-Highway Markets  — Our off-highway business has a large presence outside of North America, with more than 75% of its  sales coming from Europe and about 10% from South  America and Asia Pacific combined. We serve several segments of the  diverse off-highway market, including construction, agriculture, mining and material handling. Our lar gest markets are the  construction/mining and agricultural equipment segments.  After experiencing increased global demand in 201 1 and 2012, these  markets have weakened in 2013 and 2014. Global demand in the agriculture market was up about 3% in 2013, but down 1 1%  in 2014. The construction/mining segment weakened in both 2013 and 2014, with 2013 demand down about 8% from 2012 and  2014 demand down 4% from 2013. Both markets are expected to remain weak in 2015, with demand levels comparable to  those in 2014.  The current operating, political and economic environment in  Venezuela is very challenging. Foreign exchange controls are  restricting the ability of companies operating in the country to import required parts and material and satisfy their U.S. dollar  obligations. Our production activities were curtailed for most of 2014 as our major original equipment customers suspended  17 Operations in Venezuela Markets Outside of North America