US 2019/0196326 Al  36  Jun.27,2019  structure having 3 to 10 ring members together with a carbon  atom to which these are bonded.  [0265]  In Formula (ql), R$_{1 }$ represents a hydrogen atom or  an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.  [0266]  Examples of the organic group having 1 to 20  carbon atoms represented by R$_{1 }$ in Formula (ql) include a  chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an  alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an  aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a  heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 ring members, an epoxy  group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, or a group repre› sented by -R’-Q-R". Here, R’ is a single bond or a hydro› carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R" is a hydro› carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be  substituted or a heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 ring  members. Q is -0-, -CO-, -NH-, -SO$_{2}$ -,  -SO-, or a group obtained by combining these. A portion  or all of the hydrogen atoms that are included in the chain  hydrocarbon group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and the  aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with, for  example, a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a  substituent such as a cyano group, a carboxy group, a  hydroxyl group, a thiol group, or a trialkylsilyl group.  [0267]  In Formula (ql), R$_{1 }$ is preferably a hydrogen atom  in view of the copolymerizability of a monomer providing a  repeating unit in which a lactone structure is directly con› nected to a main chain.  [0268]  In Formula (ql), R$_{2 }$ to Rs each independently  represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl  group, or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.  [0269]  Specific examples and suitable aspects of the  organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by  R$_{2 }$ to Rs in Formula (ql) are the same as the organic group  having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R$_{1 }$ in Formula  (ql).  [0270]  In Formula (ql), R$_{2 }$ and R$_{3}$ ,  and R$_{4 }$ and Rs may be  bonded to each other to form a ring structure having 3 to 10  ring members together with carbon atoms to which these are  bonded.  [0271]  Examples of the ring structure having 3 to 10 ring  members which is formed by bonding R$_{2 }$ and R$_{3}$ ,  and R$_{4 }$ and  Rs to each other, together with carbon atoms to which these  are bonded include an alicyclic structure having an alicyclic  ring such as include cyclopropane, cyclopentane, cyclo› hexane, norbornane, or adamantane; and a heterocyclic  structure having a ring including a hetero atom.  [0272]  Examples of the heterocyclic structure having a  ring including a hetero atom include a heterocyclic structure  having a cyclic ether, a lactone ring, or a sultone ring, and  other specific examples thereof include a heterocyclic struc› ture having an oxygen atom-containing ring such as tetra› hydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, y-butyrolactone, 1\-valerolac› tone, oxolane, and dioxane; and a heterocyclic structure  having a sulfur atom-containing ring such as tetrahydroth› iophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, tetrahydrothiophene-1, I-di› oxide, tetrahydrothiopyran-1, I-dioxide, cyclopentanethione,  and cyclohexanethione; and a heterocyclic structure having  a nitrogen atom-containing ring such as piperidine.  [0273]  Among these, an alicyclic structure having cyclo› pentane, cyclohexane, or adamantane, and a heterocyclic  structure having cyclic ether, a lactone ring, or a sultone ring  is preferable.  [0274]  Here, the "ring structure" in the ring structure  having 3 to 10 ring members which may be formed by  [0282]  The resin (A) may include another repeating unit.  [0283]  For example, the resin (A) may include a repeating  unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group. Examples of  the repeating unit include repeating units disclosed in para› graphs <0081> to <0084> of JP2014-098921A.  [0281]  With respect to all repeating units of the resin (A),  the content of the repeating unit obtained by directly con› necting a lactone structure represented by Formula (ql) to a  main chain is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to  60 mo! %, more preferably 5 to 50 mo! %, and even more  preferably 10 to 40 mo! %.  [0280]  A repeating unit obtained by directly connecting  the lactone structure represented by Formula (ql) to a main  chain may be used singly or two or more kinds thereof may  be used in combination.  [0279]  Examples of the repeating unit represented by  Formula (ql) include repeating units represented by the  following formula, but the present invention is not limited to  these. R$_{1 }$ in the following formula has the same meaning as  R$_{1 }$ in Formula (ql).  [0278]  R$_{4 }$ and Rs each are preferably a hydrogen atom, a  chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a  heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 ring members, or a group  that forms a ring structure having 3 to 10 ring members by  bonding these to each other together with carbon atoms to  which these are bonded.  [0277]  R$_{2 }$ and R$_{3 }$ each are preferably a hydrogen atom or  a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and  more preferably a hydrogen atom.  [0276]  In Formula ( q 1 ), in a case where a is 2 or more, the  plurality of R$_{2}$ ’s and R/s may be identical to or different  from each other.  [0275]  In Formula (ql), a represents an integer of 1 to 6.  a is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2,  and even more preferably 1.  bonding R$_{2 }$ and R$_{3}$ ,  and R$_{4 }$ and Rs to each other together  with carbon atoms to which these are bonded refers to a  structure containing a ring, and may be formed only from a  ring or may be formed from a ring and another group such  as a substituent. The bonding in a case where R$_{2 }$ and R$_{3}$ ,  and  R$_{4 }$ and Rs are bonded to each other is not limited to a  bonding by the chemical reaction.  0  0  Other Repeating Units 