Aug. 2, 2007  21  US 2007/0179263 A  1  that a ratio of the number (Nb 1) of basic functional groups  Y 1  ( or salts  Y 2  thereof) in the aromatic compound or the  polymer to the number (Nal) of acid groups in the organic  acid or inorganic acid is from 0.01 to 100, further preferably  from 0.1 to 10.  [0165]  Examples of components other than the acid which  can be blended are, for instance, organic solvents, ionic  liquids other than the aromatic compounds and polymers of  the present invention and the like. Examples of the desirable  organic solvent are organic solvents having a high polarity,  for instance, nitrites such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile;  carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,  dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; ethers such as  tetrahydrofuran, triglyme and tetraglyme; and amides such  as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and dimethylsul› foamide. Examples of the ionic liquid other than the com› pounds of the present invention are ionic liquids composed  of a cation of imidazole or pyridine derivative and an anion  of c1-, Br-, PF$_{6}$-, BF 4 -, SbF 6 -, CF $_{3}$SO$_{3}$ -, -N(SO $_{2}$CF$_{3}$ ) 2 ,  -C(SO$_{2}$CF$_{3}$ ) 2  or -ocOCF$_{3}$ .  [0166]  Next, examples of applications of the ionic liquid  type functional material of the present invention are  explained below individually. The functional material of the  present invention is not limited to such examples. Explana› tions are made with respect to the aromatic compounds  ( compounds of the present invention), but can also be  applied to the fluorine-containing polymers of the formulae  (M-1) and (M-2).  [0167]  With respect to advantages in the case of the  functional material being in the form of polymer, it is  preferable that the ionic liquid is a polymer because when  using, for example, for an electrochemical electrolyte (for  example, electrolyte for Li secondary battery, electrolyte for  capacitor, etc.), a reaction solvent and a solvent for separa› tion or extraction, there are advantages that separability from  a solvent, thermal stability and easy film formation can be  obtained by making a molecular weight high. Also it is  preferred in the form of a polymer, because by taking  advantage of the above-mentioned functions as the ionic  liquid, applications to functional membranes such as a gas  separation membrane and permselective membrane become  possible. Further when using for an electrolyte for solar cell,  it is preferable that the ionic liquid is a polymer because  sealing stability and moldability are enhanced.  (Ionic Liquid)  [0168]  Currently among organic salts, attention is directed  to salts being in the form ofliquid at room temperature as an  ionic liquid. Those salts are liquids having characteristics of  a salt, namely having high polarity and having no vaporiza› tion pressure. Therefore those salts are expected to be  applied to various fields such as an electrochemical electro› lyte (for example, electrolyte for Li secondary battery,  electrolyte for capacitor, etc.), a reaction solvent and a  solvent for separation and extraction since it is considered  that the salts bring about an innovative revolution to con› ventional organic solvents (IONIC LIQUID, CMC Shuppan,  2003).  [0169]  Various derivatives having a base skeleton of imi› dazole or pyridine are investigated as cations of ionic  liquids. This is because a base skeleton of a cation which can  effectively decrease a melting point and a viscosity is limited  to imidazole and pyridine derivatives, and kind of a select› able cation is restricted.  [0170]  According to the present invention, by making the  aromatic compound contain the fluorine-containing ether,  especially even in polycyclic aromatic compounds, a melt› ing point thereof can be decreased, and further a viscosity  can also be reduced. Those compounds are suitable as a  cation material for an ionic liquid because of a low melting  point and low viscosity thereof.  If the fluorine-containing  ether chain is long, decrease in a melting point and viscosity  is recognized, but a dielectric constant is also decreased and  the compound becomes unsuitable as an ionic liquid mate› rial. Therefore when the compound is used as an ionic liquid,  it is desirable that the number of fluorine-containing ether  units is from 1 to 10, further desirably from 1 to 5. Also  many of the compounds of the present invention having  basic functional group are easily liquefied by mixing with an  acid, and thus a composition containing an acid and the  compound of the present invention can be an ionic liquid  easily.  [0171]  Such an ionic liquid is useful as an electrochemical  electrolyte, reaction solvent and solvent for separation and  extraction mentioned above.  (Electrolyte for Solar Cell)  [0172]  As mentioned above, an electrolyte of solar cell  can be raised as an application of the aromatic compound of  the present invention. For an electrolyte of dye-sensitized  solar cell, currently acetonitrile is used as a solvent. How› ever acetonitrile has problems such as (i) lowering of sealing  property due to thermal swelling and shrinking and (ii)  oxidation due to direct excitation of TiO$_{2 }$ to be used for an  electrode. For that reason, studies have been made using an  ionic liquid and gel electrolyte (JP2000-58891A; Leading› edge Technology of Electrolyte for Dye-sensitized Solar  Cell, Chapter 28 (CMC Shuppan, 2001)), but sufficient  performances (conductivity, life, etc.) have not yet been  obtained.  [0173]  The aromatic compound of the present invention  can be used for an electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell. In  an electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cell, conduction of a  salt of  1-/I$_{3 }$- is necessary, and when  1- is used as a counter  anion of the salt of the compound of the present invention,  the material of the present invention works as an excellent  electrolyte.  [0174]  The aromatic compound of the present invention  has advantages that thermal swelling and shrinkage are  reduced because its boiling point is high, and a viscosity of  the aromatic compound is decreased and oxidation resis› tance thereof is enhanced by making the aromatic compound  contain the fluorine-containing ether.  [0175]  In order to increase the conductivity of  1-/I$_{3 }$-,  it is  necessary to increase a salt concentration. From this point of  view, preferred are salts derived from an aromatic ring  structure having a higher concentration of basic functional  groups. Therefore preferred are compounds containing poly› functional basic group in one Ry, and concretely more  preferred are the mentioned aromatic ring structures in  which the atom forming the basic functional group consti› tutes the aromatic ring structure at the same time ( examples  of Ry of (ii) and (iii) explained supra).  (Lubricant)  [0176]  Perfluoro polyether has been used for long as a  lubricant. Since perfluoro polyether has no adhesion to a 