Fuel Flow Fuel Storage System Fuel Storage Refilling or Recharging  System Types of Aviation Fuel $^{ }$Reciprocating Engine Fuel—AVGAS 14-3 Figure 14-3.  Fuel being jettisoned free of the airframe on a transport  category aircraft. Figure 14-4.  The fuel jettison panel on a Boeing 767. VALVE ON VALVE ON L-NOZZLE-R FAULT DO NOT JETT WITH FLAPS 25 OR 30 FUEL JETTISON OFF ON Aircraft engines must perform throughout a wide range  of demanding conditions. They must be lightweight and  produce significant power in a wide range of atmospheric  and engine operating temperatures. The gasoline used must  support uninterrupted combustion throughout this range  and must truly burn rather than explode or detonate. This  ensures maximum power derivation and minimal engine  wear. Over the years, AVGAS has been available in different  formulas. These mostly correlate to how much energy can  Reciprocating engines burn gasoline, also known as  AVGAS. It is specially formulated for use in aircraft engines.  Combustion releases energy in the fuel, which is converted  into the mechanical motion of the engine. AVGAS of any  variety is primarily a hydrocarbon compound refined from  crude oil by fractional distillation. Aviation gasoline is  different from the fuel refined for use in turbine-powered  aircraft. AVGAS is very volatile and extremely flammable,  with a low flash point. Turbine fuel is a kerosene-type fuel  with a much higher flash point, so it is less flammable. Aircraft fuel tanks must be designed to prevent significant  loss of stored fuel from any vent system due to fuel transfer  between fuel storage or supply systems, or under likely  operating conditions.  Each fuel tank must be able to withstand, without failure, the  loads the loads under likely operating conditions. Each tank  must be isolated from personnel personnel compartments  and protected from hazards due to unintended temperature  influences. The fuel storage system must provide fuel for  at least one-half hour of operation at maximum continuous  power or thrust and be capable of jettisoning fuel safely if  required for landing.  [Figure 14-3]  Fuel jettisoning systems  are also referred to as fuel dump systems.  [Figure 14-4]  Each aircraft engine is designed to burn a certain fuel. Use  only the fuel specified by the manufacturer. Mixing fuels is  not permitted. There are two basic types of fuel discussed  in this section: reciprocating-engine fuel (also known as  gasoline or AVGAS) and turbine-engine fuel (also known  as jet fuel or kerosene).  Each fuel storage refilling or recharging system must be  designed to prevent improper refilling or recharging; prevent  contamination of the fuel stored during likely operating  conditions; and prevent the occurrence of any hazard to the  airplane or to persons during refilling or recharging. The fuel system must provide the flightcrew with a means  to determine the total useable fuel available and provide  uninterrupted supply of that fuel when the system is correctly  operated, accounting for likely fuel fluctuations. It should  also provide a means to safely remove or isolate the fuel  stored in the system from the airplane and be designed to  retain fuel under all likely operating conditions and minimize  hazards to the occupants during any survivable emergency  landing. For level 4 airplanes, failure due to overload of the  landing system must be taken into account The ability of the fuel system to provide the fuel necessary  to ensure each powerplant and auxiliary power unit functions  properly in all likely operating conditions. It must also  prevent hazardous contamination of the fuel supplied to each  powerplant and auxiliary power unit.