Table of Contents Funding and Cash Flows Defined Contribution Plans H. Income Taxes 80 Arconic sponsors savings and investment plans in various countries, primarily in the United States. Arconic’s contributions and expenses related to these plans were $123 in 2018, $89 in 2017, and $71 in 2016. In the United States, employees may contribute a portion of their compensation to the plans, and Arconic matches a portion of these contributions in equivalent form of the investments elected by the employee. Benefit payments expected to be paid to pension and other postretirement benefit plans’ participants and expected Medicare Part D subsidy receipts are as follows utilizing the current assumptions outlined above: During the third quarter of 2016, the PBGC approved management’s plan to separate the Alcoa Inc. pension plans between Arconic Inc. and Alcoa Corporation. The plan stipulates that Arconic will make cash contributions over a period of 30 months (from November 1, 2016) to its two largest pension plans. Payments are expected to be made in three increments of no less than $50 each ($150 total) over this 30-month period. The Company made payments of $50 in March 2018 and $50 in April 2017. In the third quarter of 2018, the 2018 U.S. pension plan valuations were completed and additional pension contributions of $16 that were made in the first quarter of 2018 were able to be used to partially satisfy the third $50 requirement. The remaining $34 payment is expected to be made in 2019. Through the end of 2018, $116 of pension contributions have been made toward the $150 requirement. The minimum required contribution to pension plans in 2019 is estimated to be $255 (of which $230 is for U.S. plans) and includes $34 related to an agreement reached with the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), as discussed in the following paragraph. It is Arconic’s policy to fund amounts for pension plans sufficient to meet the minimum requirements set forth in applicable country benefits laws and tax laws. Periodically, Arconic contributes additional amounts as deemed appropriate. In 2018 and 2017, cash contributions to Arconic’s pension plans were $298 and $310, respectively. The $298 includes $72 contributed to the Company’s U.S. plans that was in excess of the minimum required under ERISA. For the year ended December 31, Pension benefits paid Gross Other post- retirement benefits Medicare Part D subsidy receipts Net Other post- retirement benefits 2019 $ 460 $ 90 $ 5 $ 85 2020 460 85 5 80 2021 455 85 5 80 2022 455 85 5 80 2023 450 85 5 80 Thereafter 2,170 300 25 275 $ 4,450 $ 730 $ 50 $ 680 For the year ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 United States $ 518 $ 500 $ 84 Foreign 350 (30) 330 $ 868 $ 470 $ 414 The components of income from continuing operations before income taxes were as follows: