Course Reversal Elements in Plan View and  Profile View Procedure Turns Holding in Lieu of Procedure Turn Course reversals included in an IAP are depicted in one of  three different ways: a 45°/180° procedure turn, a holding  pattern in lieu of procedure turn, or a teardrop procedure.  The maneuvers are required when it is necessary to reverse  direction to establish the aircraft inbound on an intermediate  or final approach course. Components of the required  procedure are depicted in the plan view and the profile view.  The maneuver must be completed within the distance and  at the minimum altitude specified in the profile view. Pilots  should coordinate with the appropriate ATC facility relating  to course reversal during the IAP. A procedure turn barbed arrow  indicates  the direction or side of the outbound course on which  the procedure turn is made.  [Figure 1-13] Headings are  provided for course reversal using the 45° procedure turn.  However, the point at which the turn may be commenced,  and the type and rate of turn is left to the discretion of the  pilot. Some of the options are the 45° procedure turn, the  racetrack pattern, the teardrop procedure turn, or the 80°/260°  course reversal. The absence of the procedure turn barbed  arrow in the plan view indicates that a procedure turn is  not authorized for that procedure. A maximum procedure  turn speed of not greater than 200 knots indicated airspeed  (KIAS) should be observed when turning outbound over the  IAF and throughout the procedure turn maneuver to ensure  staying within the obstruction  clearance area. The normal  procedure turn distance is 10  NM. This may be reduced to  a minimum of 5 NM where  only Category A or helicopter  aircraft are operated, or  increase d to as much as 15 NM to  accommodate high  performance  aircraft. Descent below the  procedure turn altitude begins after the aircraft is established  on the inbound course. The procedure turn is  not  required when the symbol “NoPT”  appears, when radar vectoring to the final approach is  provided, when conducting a timed approach, or when the  procedure turn is not authorized. Pilots should contact the  appropriate ATC facility when in doubt if a procedure turn  is required. A holding pattern in lieu of a procedure turn may be specified  for course reversal in some procedures.  [Figure 1-14]  In such  cases, the holding pattern is established over an intermediate  fix (IF) or a FAF. The holding pattern distance or time  specified in the profile view must be observed. Maximum  holding airspeed limitations as set forth for all holding  patterns apply. The holding pattern maneuver is completed  when the aircraft is established on the inbound course after  executing the appropriate entry. If cleared for the approach  prior to returning to the holding fix and the aircraft is at the  prescribed altitude, additional circuits of the holding pattern  are neither necessary nor expected by ATC. If pilots elect  to make additional circuits to lose excessive altitude or to  become better established on course, it is their responsibility  to advise ATC upon receipt of their approach clearance.  When holding in lieu of a procedure turn, the holding pattern  must be followed, except when RADAR VECTORING to  the final approach course is provided or when NoPT is shown  on the approach course. Figure 1-14.  Holding in lieu of procedure turn. Figure 1-13.  45° procedure turn. 1-20