8/15/19 3/15/07 12/31/20 AIM AIM  7110.65R CHG 2 AIM 12/31/20 EXAMPLE − 1. KCMH UA /OV APE 230010/TM 1516/FL085/TP BE20/SK BKN065/WX FV03SM HZ FU/TA 20/TB LGT 1. One zero miles southwest of Appleton VOR; time 1516 UTC; altitude eight thousand five hundred; aircraft type BE200; bases of the broken cloud layer is six thousand five hundred; flight visibility 3 miles with haze and smoke; air temperature 20 degrees Celsius; light turbulence. 290030/TB LGT − MDT/IC LGT RIME/RM MDT MXD ICG DURC KROA NWBND FL080 − 100 1750Z 2. From 15 miles north of Beckley VOR to Charles- ton VOR; time 1815 UTC; altitude 12,000 feet; type aircraft, BE − 99; in clouds; rain; temperature minus 8 Celsius; wind 290 degrees magnetic at 30 knots; light to moderate turbulence; light rime icing during climb northwestbound from Roanoke, VA, between 8,000 and 10,000 feet at 1750 UTC. f. For more detailed information on PIREPS, users can refer to the current version of AC 00 − 45, Aviation Weather Services. a. The effects of ice on aircraft are cumulative- thrust is reduced, drag increases, lift lessens, and weight increases. The results are an increase in stall speed and a deterioration of aircraft performance. In extreme cases, 2 to 3 inches of ice can form on the leading edge of the airfoil in less than 5 minutes. It takes but $^{1}$/$_{2}$ inch of ice to reduce the lifting power of some aircraft by 50 percent and increases the frictional drag by an equal percentage. b. A pilot can expect icing when flying in visible precipitation, such as rain or cloud droplets, and the temperature is between +02 and  − 10 degrees Celsius. When icing is detected, a pilot should do one of two things, particularly if the aircraft is not equipped with deicing equipment; get out of the area of precipitation; or go to an altitude where the temperature is above freezing. This “warmer” altitude may not always be a lower altitude. Proper preflight action includes obtaining information on the freezing level and the above freezing levels in precipitation areas. Report icing to ATC, and if operating IFR, request new routing or altitude if icing will be a hazard. Be sure to give the type of aircraft to ATC when reporting icing. The following describes how to report icing conditions. 1. Trace. Ice becomes noticeable. The rate of accumulation is slightly greater than the rate of Meteorology 7 − 1 − 40 7 − 1 − 19. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing NOTE − EXAMPLE − NOTE − 2. KCRW UV /OV KBKW 360015 − KCRW/TM 1815/FL120//TP BE99/SK IMC/WX RA/TA M08 /WV TBL 7 − 1 − 6 PIREP Element Code Chart PIREP ELEMENT PIREP CODE CONTENTS 1. 3 − letter station identifier XXX Nearest weather reporting location to the reported phenomenon 2. Report type UA or UUA Routine or Urgent PIREP 3. Location /OV In relation to a VOR 4. Time /TM Coordinated Universal Time 5. Altitude /FL Essential for turbulence and icing reports 6. Type Aircraft /TP Essential for turbulence and icing reports 7. Sky cover /SK Cloud height and coverage (sky clear, few, scattered, broken, or overcast) 8. Weather /WX Flight visibility, precipitation, restrictions to visibility, etc. 9. Temperature /TA Degrees Celsius 10. Wind /WV Direction in degrees magnetic north and speed in knots 11. Turbulence /TB See AIM paragraph 7 − 1 − 21 12. Icing /IC See AIM paragraph 7 − 1 − 19 13. Remarks /RM For reporting elements not included or to clarify previously reported items