ENERGIZER 2000 ANNUAL REPOR T 14 sale of $24.4, which are reflected in Energizer’s historical financial statements and resulted in a net after-tax gain of $8.7 on the Spanish transaction. Such capital loss benefits would not have  been realized by Energizer on a stand-alone basis, thus are not included in the Pro Forma Statement of Earnings for the year ended September 30, 2000 as presented in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Competition in the primary battery business has intensified in recent years, and there continues to be a migration of demand from carbon zinc to alkaline batteries. In response to these changes, Energizer has recorded restructuring charges each year from 1994 through 1999. These charges include a reduction in carbon zinc plant capacity as demand for this type of battery continues to decline, plant closures for the movement and consolidation of alkaline production to new or more efficient locations in an effort to achieve lower product costs, and staffing reorganizations and reductions in various world areas  to enhance management effectiveness and reduce overhead costs.  A detailed discussion of such charges and expenditures during 1998 through 2000 follows. During 1999, Energizer recorded net provisions for restructuring of $8.3 after-tax, or $9.9 pre-tax, $2.1 of which represented inventory write-downs and is classified as cost of products sold in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Of the net pre-tax charge, $7.4 relates to 1999 restructuring plans for the elimination of certain  production capacity in North America and in Asia.  The pre-tax charge of $7.4 for 1999 plans consisted of termination benefits of $3.2, other cash costs of $.2 and fixed asset impairments of $4.0. The fixed asset impairments primarily relate to assets used for the production of lithium coin cells in North America. These assets were idled and scrapped in 1999.  The 1999 restructuring plan provided for the termination of approxi- mately 170 production and administrative employees and the closure of one plant in Asia. This plant closure was precipitated by the finan- cial problems in the Asian market, which resulted in contractions in battery markets in this area. Substantially all actions associated with these charges were completed as of September 30, 2000. In addition, net reversals of $15.2, related to prior years’ restructur- ing plans, were recorded in 1998, comprised of $3.7 of additional charges offset by $18.9 of reversals of prior years’ charges. The additional charges primarily related to asset disposition costs of $2.6 for previously held for use assets that were idled and held for disposal. The reversals included $9.4 of greater than anticipated proceeds from asset sales related to the 1994, 1995 and 1996 The total 1998 pre-tax charge of $36.5 consisted of termination  benefits of $29.3, which provided for the termination or early retire- ment of approximately 420 sales and administrative employees, other cash costs of $4.6, fixed asset impairments of $1.1 and a  non-cash investment write-off of $1.5. The other cash costs of $4.6 consisted of demolition costs of $1.5 and environmental exit costs of $.8, both relating to assets held for disposal, lease termination costs of $1.6 and other exit costs of $.7. Except for disposition of certain assets held for disposal, substantially all actions associated with the 1998 charges were complete as of September 30, 2000.  During 1998, Energizer recorded net after-tax provisions for restruc- turing of $12.8, or $21.3 on a pre-tax basis, of which $.3 represents inventory write-downs and is classified as cost of products sold in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Of the net pre-tax charge, $36.5 related to 1998 restructuring plans, including a voluntary early retirement option offered to most U.S. Energizer employees meeting certain age and service requirements and European  business operations restructuring, primarily a reorganization of European sales forces and related employee reductions.  The remaining $2.5 represents additional net provisions related  to prior years’ restructuring plans. Additional termination benefits  of $5.5 related to the 1997 restructuring plan primarily represent enhanced severance related to a European plant closing. Additional provisions for other cash costs of $1.8 were recorded for fixed asset disposition costs for previously held for use assets related to the 1997 restructuring plan that were idled and held for disposal. Other non-cash charges of $2.1 relate to inventory write-offs, which were more than offset by a reclassification of $4.5 from other comprehen- sive income to net income of cumulative translation adjustment for a subsidiary sold in connection with the 1997 plan. Also recorded in 1999 were asset proceeds greater than anticipated of $5.4 related to 1994, 1995 and 1997 restructuring plans.  Restructuring Charges 