IFR takeoffs and departures are fast-paced phases of  flight, and pilots often are overloaded with critical flight  information. While preparing for takeoff, pilots are busy  requesting and receiving clearances, preparing their aircraft  for departure, and taxiing to the active runway. During IFR  conditions, they are doing this with minimal visibility, and  they may be without constant radio communication if flying  out of a non-towered airport. Historically, takeoff minimums  for commercial operations have been successively reduced  through a combination of improved signage, runway  markings and lighting aids, and concentrated pilot  training and qualifications. Today at major terminals, some  commercial operators with appropriate equipment, pilot  qualifications, and approved Operations Specifications  (OpSpecs) may takeoff with visibility as low as 300 feet  runway visual range (RVR). One of the consequences of  takeoffs with reduced visibility is that pilots are challenged  in maintaining situational awareness during taxi operations.  One of the biggest safety concerns in aviation is the surface  movement accident. As a direct result, the FAA has rapidly  expanded the information available to pilots, including  the addition of taxiway and runway information in FAA  publications, particularly the IFR U.S. Terminal Procedures  Publication (TPP) booklets and the Chart Supplement (CS)  volumes. The FAA has also implemented new procedures  and created educational and awareness programs for  pilots, ATC, and ground operators. By focusing resources  to attack this problem head on, the FAA hopes to reduce  and eventually eliminate surface movement accidents.  Airport sketches and diagrams provide pilots of all levels  with graphical depictions of the airport layout. Aeronautical  Information Services, formerly known as Aeronautical  Products (AeroNav), provide an airport sketch on the lower  left or right portion of every instrument approach chart.  [Figure 1-1] This sketch depicts the runways, their length,  width and slope, the touchdown zone elevation, the lighting  system installed on the end of the runway, and taxiways.  Graphical depictions of NOTAMS are also available for  selected airports as well as for temporary flight restriction  (TFRs) areas on the defense internet NOTAM service (DINS)  website.  For select airports, typically those with heavy traffic or  complex runway layouts, Aeronautical Information Services  also prints an airport diagram. The diagram is located in  the IFR TPP booklet following the instrument approach  chart for a particular airport. It is a full page depiction of  the airport that includes the same features of the airport  sketch plus additional details, such as taxiway identifiers,  In recent years, the former Airport/Facility Directory (A/  FD) booklet was incorporated as a section in the Chart  Supplement (CS). [Figure 2-14] The Chart Supplement  (CS) is published by Aeronautical Information Services in  regional booklets and online at: [https://www.faa.gov/  air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/digital_products/dafd/]  The online version is known as the digital Chart Supplement  (d-CS). The d-CS and the CS are identical and provide  textual and graphic information about all airports, both  Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and IFR. The Airport/Facility  Directory (A/FD) section of the CS includes runway length  airport latitude and longitude, and building identification.  The airport diagrams are also available in the Airport/Facility  Directory section of the Chart Supplement (CS) and on the  Aeronautical Information Services' website, located at  www.aeronav.faa.gov. [Figure 1-2]  Figure 1-1. Airport diagram included on the Oshkosh, Wisconsin  VOR RWY 9 Approach Chart as depicted in the IFR TPP.  Surface Movement Safety  Airport Sketches and Diagrams  Chart Supplements (CS)  1-2  NOT FOR NAVIGATION Runway numbers  Runway slope  Runway length and width 