Tost Tow Hook  .....................................................12-2 Tow Ring Inspection ................................................12-4 Tow Rope Inspection................................................12-4 Tow Rope Strength Requirements........................12-4 Take Off Planning........................................................12-5 On the Airport ..........................................................12-6 Ground Signals.............................................................12-6 Takeoff and Climb .......................................................12-7 Tow Positions, Turns, and Release ..............................12-8 Glider Tow Positions................................................12-8 Approaching a Thermal............................................12-9 Turns on Tow  ...........................................................12-8 Release......................................................................12-9 Descent, Approach and Landing................................12-10 Descent ...................................................................12-10 Approach and Landing ...........................................12-10 Cross-Country Aerotow .............................................12-10 Emergencies...............................................................12-11 Takeoff Emergencies..............................................12-11 During Takeoff Roll ...........................................12-11 Plane Operation Normal .....................................12-11 Ground Level .....................................................12-11 After Takeoff Above 200 Feet............................12-11 Takeoff  ................................................................12-11 Airborne Emergencies ...........................................12-12 Glider Release Failure ........................................12-12 Glider Problem....................................................12-12 Immediate Release..............................................12-12 Inner Ear Discomfort................................................13-5 Spatial Disorientation ...............................................13-6 Dehydration ..............................................................13-6 Heatstroke  .................................................................13-6 Cold Weather............................................................13-6 Personal Equipment..................................................13-7 Cockpit Management ..................................................13-7 Oxygen System.....................................................13-7 Transponder Code .......................................................13-9 Definitions ................................................................13-9 Risk Management ........................................................13-9 Safety Management System (SMS) .........................13-9 Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) .................13-10 Hyperventilation.......................................................13-5 Fatigue   .....................................................................13-4 Human and Physiological Factors that Affect Flight...13-4 Intentional   ............................................................13-4 Types of Errors.........................................................13-3 Unintentional  ........................................................13-3 Human Error ................................................................13-3 Overconfidence.........................................................13-3 Indiscipline  ...............................................................13-3 Complacency ............................................................13-2 Recognizing Hazardous Attitudes................................13-2 Learning from Past Mistakes .......................................13-2 Introduction  ..................................................................13-1 Human Factors ..................................................13-1 Chapter 13 Tow Plane Power Failure on the Runway  Tow Plane Power Failure or Tow Rope Break  After Takeoff but Below 200 Feet Above  Tow Plane Power Failure or Tow Rope Break  Glider Climbs Excessively High During  Glider Releases During Takeoff With Tow  Assembly Procedures ....................................... A-1 Introduction  ................................................................... A-1 History  .......................................................................... A-1 Ensuring Airworthiness ............................................... A-2 Critical Items ................................................................ A-2 Glossary ..............................................................G-1 Index ......................................................................I-1 Appendix A Soaring Safety Foundation (SSF):  Safety Advisory 00-1, Glider Critical  xi