Character Set Introducers default. To explicitly specify binary string context for such literals, use a  _binary  introducer for at least one of the arguments: The displayed result appears similar for both bit operations, but the result without  _binary  is a  BIGINT value, whereas the result with  _binary  is a binary string. Due to the difference in result types, the displayed values differ: High-order 0 digits are not displayed for the numeric result. MySQL determines the character set and collation of a character string literal, hexadecimal literal, or bit- value literal in the following manner: Examples: •Binary strings with  binary  character set and its default collation (that is,  binary ): •Nonbinary strings with  utf8mb4  character set and its default collation (that is,  utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ): •Nonbinary strings with  latin1  character set and  latin1_german1_ci  collation: •For a hexadecimal literal or bit-value literal, the character set and collation are  binary . •For a character string literal, the connection default character set and collation given by the character_set_connection  and  collation_connection  system variables are used. •Otherwise (neither  _charset_name  nor  COLLATE  collation_name  is specified): •For a hexadecimal literal or bit-value literal, the only permitted collation is  binary  because these types of literals are binary strings by default. •For a character string literal, the connection default character set given by the character_set_connection  system variable and collation  collation_name  are used. collation_name  must be a permitted collation for the connection default character set. •If  _charset_name  is not specified but  COLLATE  collation_name  is specified: •If both  _charset_name  and  COLLATE  collation_name  are specified, character set  charset_name and collation  collation_name  are used.  collation_name  must be a permitted collation for charset_name . •If  _charset_name  is specified but  COLLATE  is not specified, character set  charset_name  and its default collation are used. To see the default collation for each character set, use the  SHOW CHARACTER SET  statement or query the  INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS  table. mysql>  SET @v1 = X’000D’ | X’0BC0’; mysql>  SET @v2 = _binary X’000D’ | X’0BC0’; mysql>  SELECT HEX(@v1), HEX(@v2); +----------+----------+ | HEX(@v1) | HEX(@v2) | +----------+----------+ | BCD | 0BCD | +----------+----------+ SELECT _latin1’Müller’ COLLATE latin1_german1_ci; SELECT _latin1 X’0A0D’ COLLATE latin1_german1_ci; SELECT _latin1 b’0110’ COLLATE latin1_german1_ci; SELECT _utf8mb4’Müller’; SELECT _utf8mb4 X’0A0D’; SELECT _utf8mb4 b’0110’; SELECT _binary’Müller’; SELECT X’0A0D’; 1941