7 − 1 − 21. PIREPs Relating to Turbulence EXAMPLE − a. When encountering turbulence, pilots are urgently requested to report such conditions to ATC as soon as practicable. PIREPs relating to turbulence should state: 5. Aircraft altitude or flight level. 6. Type of aircraft. 7. Duration of turbulence. 8/15/19 3/15/07 12/31/20 AIM  7110.65R CHG 2 AIM 1. Aircraft location. 2. Time of occurrence in UTC. 3. Turbulence intensity. 4. Whether the turbulence occurred in or near clouds. 7 − 1 − 44 Meteorology Intensity Aircraft Reaction Reaction Inside Aircraft Reporting Term − Definition Light Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude (pitch, roll, yaw). Report as Light Turbulence;  1 or Turbulence that causes slight, rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in altitude or attitude. Report as  Light Chop. Occupants may feel a slight strain against seat belts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects may be displaced slightly. Food service may be con- ducted and little or no difficulty is encountered in walking. Occasional − Less than $^{1}$/$_{3}$ of the time. Intermittent − $^{1}$/$_{3}$ to $^{2}$/$_{3.}$ Continuous − More than $^{2}$/$_{3.}$ Moderate Turbulence that is similar to Light Turbulence but of greater intensity. Changes in altitude and/or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. It usually causes variations in indicated airspeed. Report as  Moderate Turbulence;  1 or Turbulence that is similar to Light Chop but of greater intensity. It causes rapid bumps or jolts without appreciable changes in aircraft altitude or attitude. Report as  Moderate Chop. 1 Occupants feel definite strains against seat belts or shoulder straps. Unse- cured objects are dislodged. Food service and walking are difficult. NOTE 1. Pilots should report location(s), time (UTC), intensity, whether in or near clouds, altitude, type of aircraft and, when applicable, duration of turbulence. 2. Duration may be based on time between two locations or over a single location. All locations should be readily identifiable. Severe Turbulence that causes large, abrupt changes in altitude and/or attitude. It usually causes large variations in indicated airspeed. Aircraft may be momentarily out of control. Report  as Severe Turbulence. 1 Occupants are forced violently against seat belts or shoulder straps. Unse- cured objects are tossed about. Food Service and walking are impossible. EXAMPLES: a. Over Omaha. 1232Z, Moderate Turbulence, in cloud, Flight Level 310, B707. Extreme Turbulence in which the aircraft is violently tossed about and is practically impossible to control. It may cause structural damage. Report as  Extreme Turbulence. $_{ }$1 b. From 50 miles south of Albuquer- que to 30 miles north of Phoenix, 1210Z to 1250Z, occasional Moderate Chop, Flight Level 330, DC8. $^{1}$ High level turbulence (normally above 15,000 feet ASL) not associated with cumuliform cloudiness, including thunderstorms, should be reported as CAT (clear air turbulence) preceded by the appropriate intensity, or light or moderate chop. b. Duration and classification of intensity should be made using TBL 7 − 1 − 9. 1. Over Omaha, 1232Z, moderate turbulence in clouds at Flight Level three one zero, Boeing 707. 2. From five zero miles south of Albuquerque to three zero miles north of Phoenix, 1250Z, occasional moderate chop at Flight Level three three zero, DC8. TBL 7 − 1 − 9 Turbulence Reporting Criteria Table