Table of Contents Gross and Net Carried Reserves The following tables present the gross and net carried reserves. Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development (development). These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments. Net Prior Year Development Years ended December 31 86 (In millions) 2019 2018 2017 Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: Specialty $ (92) $ (150) $ (174) Commercial (2 ) (25 ) (115 ) International 21 (4) (9) Corporate & Other — (2 ) (10 ) Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development $ (73) $ (181) $ (308) December 31, 2018  Specialty  Commercial International Life & Group Corporate & Other Total (In millions) Gross Case Reserves $ 1,623 $ 4,181 $ 867 $ 3,516 $ 1,208 $ 11,395 Gross IBNR Reserves 3,842 4,562 883 85 1,217 10,589 Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves $ 5,465 $ 8,743 $ 1,750 $ 3,601 $ 2,425 $ 21,984 Net Case Reserves $ 1,483 $ 3,831 $ 749 $ 3,364 $ 96 $ 9,523 Net IBNR Reserves 3,348 4,167 775 56 96 8,442 Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves $ 4,831 $ 7,998 $ 1,524 $ 3,420 $ 192 $ 17,965 December 31, 2019  Specialty  Commercial International Life & Group Corporate & Other Total (In millions) Gross Case Reserves $ 1,481 $ 3,937 $ 858 $ 3,576 $ 1,137 $ 10,989 Gross IBNR Reserves 3,757 4,719 1,018 140 1,097 10,731 Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves $ 5,238 $ 8,656 $ 1,876 $ 3,716 $ 2,234 $ 21,720 Net Case Reserves $ 1,343 $ 3,543 $ 759 $ 3,441 $ 92 $ 9,178 Net IBNR Reserves 3,333 4,306 869 116 83 8,707 Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves $ 4,676 $ 7,849 $ 1,628 $ 3,557 $ 175 $ 17,885