Notes to consolidated financial statements RSUs, PSUs, SARs and stock options activity Compensation expense Tax benefits At December 31, 2020, approximately $664 million (pretax) of compensation expense related to unvested awards had not yet been charged to net income. That cost is expected to be amortized into compensation expense over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. The Firm does not capitalize any compensation expense related to share-based compensation awards to employees. The total fair value of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, was $2.8 billion, $2.9 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, was $182 million, $503 million and $370 million, respectively. The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income. Income tax benefits (including tax benefits from dividends or divi dend equivalents)  related to share-based incentive arrangements recognized in the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, were $837 million, $895 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. Generally, compensation expense for RSUs and PSUs is measured based on the number of units granted multiplied by the stock price at the grant date, and for SARs and stock options, is measured at the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Compensation expense for these awards is recognized in net income as described previously. The following table summarizes JPMorgan Chase’s RSUs, PSUs, SARs and stock options activity for 2020. RSUs/PSUs SARs/Options Year ended December 31, 2020 Number of  units Weighted-average grant date fair value Number of awards Weighted- average exercise price Weighted-average remaining contractual life  (in years) Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands, except weighted-average data, and where otherwise stated) Outstanding, January 1 52,239 $ 99.62 5,527 $ 41.36 Granted 17,891 132.17 1 137.80 Exercised or vested (21,502) 96.64 (2,389) 41.40 Forfeited (1,118) 111.59 (4) 122.59 Canceled NA NA (11) 39.33 Outstanding, December 31 47,510 $ 112.85 3,124 $ 41.25 1.4 $ 265,059 Exercisable, December 31 NA NA 3,124 41.25 1.4 265,059 Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2020 2019 2018 Cost of prior grants of RSUs, PSUs, SARs and stock options that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods $ 1,101 $ 1,141  $ 1,241  Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods including those to full-career eligible employees 1,350 1,115  1,081  Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans $ 2,451 $ 2,256  $ 2,322  JPMorgan Chase & Co./2020 Form 10-K 222