Chapter 9 Ground Reference  Maneuvers Introduction Ground reference maneuvers and their related factors are  used in developing a high degree of pilot skill. Although  most of these maneuvers are not performed in normal  everyday flying, the elements and principles involved are  applicable to performance of the customary pilot operations.  The maneuvers aid the pilot in analyzing the effect of wind  and other forces acting on the aircraft and in developing  a fine control touch, coordination, and the division of  attention necessary for accurate and safe maneuvering of  the aircraft.