Heating..................................................................7-54 Forms ....................................................................7-55 Forming Methods..................................................7-55 Sawing and Drilling .................................................7-55 Sawing ..................................................................7-55 Drilling..................................................................7-55 Cementing ................................................................7-56 Application of Cement..........................................7-56 Repairs......................................................................7-57 Cleaning ...................................................................7-57 Polishing...................................................................7-57 Windshield Installation.............................................7-57 Installation Procedures .............................................7-57 Aircraft Painting and Finishing ..........................8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Finishing Materials ........................................................8-2 Acetone.......................................................................8-2 Alcohol .......................................................................8-2 Benzene ......................................................................8-2 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)......................................8-2 Methylene Chloride....................................................8-2 Toluene.......................................................................8-2 Turpentine ..................................................................8-3 Mineral Spirits............................................................8-3 Naphtha ......................................................................8-3 Linseed Oil .................................................................8-3 Thinners......................................................................8-3 Varnish .......................................................................8-3 Primers ...........................................................................8-3 Wash Primers .............................................................8-3 Red Iron Oxide ...........................................................8-3 Gray Enamel Undercoat .............................................8-4 Urethane .....................................................................8-4 Epoxy .........................................................................8-4 Zinc Chromate............................................................8-4 Identification of Paints...................................................8-4 Dope ...........................................................................8-4 Synthetic Enamel........................................................8-4 Lacquers .....................................................................8-4 Polyurethane...............................................................8-5 Urethane Coating........................................................8-5 Acrylic Urethanes.......................................................8-5 Methods of Applying Finish ..........................................8-5 Dipping.......................................................................8-5 Brushing .....................................................................8-5 Spraying .....................................................................8-5 Finishing Equipment......................................................8-6 Paint Booth .................................................................8-6 Air Supply ..................................................................8-6 Spray Equipment ........................................................8-6 Air Compressors .....................................................8-6 Large Coating Containers .......................................8-7 System Air Filters ...................................................8-7 Miscellaneous Painting Tools and Equipment ...........8-7 Spray Guns..............................................................8-7 Fresh Air Breathing Systems ..................................8-9 Viscosity Measuring Cup .......................................8-9 Mixing Equipment ................................................8-10 Preparation ...................................................................8-10 Surfaces ....................................................................8-10 Primer and Paint .......................................................8-10 Spray Gun Operation ...................................................8-11 Adjusting the Spray Pattern......................................8-11 Applying the Finish ..................................................8-11 Common Spray Gun Problems.................................8-12 Sequence for Painting a Single-Engine or Light  Twin Airplane ..............................................................8-13 Common Paint Troubles ..............................................8-13 Poor Adhesion ..........................................................8-13 Blushing ...................................................................8-13 Pinholes ....................................................................8-14 Sags and Runs ..........................................................8-14 Orange Peel ..............................................................8-14 Fisheyes ....................................................................8-15 Sanding Scratches.....................................................8-15 Wrinkling .................................................................8-15 Spray Dust ................................................................8-16 Painting Trim and Identification Marks.......................8-16 Masking and Applying the Trim ..............................8-16 Masking Materials ................................................8-16 Masking for the Trim............................................8-16 Display of Nationality and Registration Marks........8-17 Display of Marks ..................................................8-17 Location and Placement of Marks ........................8-17 Size Requirements for Different Aircraft .............8-18 Decals...........................................................................8-18 Paper Decals .............................................................8-18 Metal Decals with Cellophane Backing ...................8-18 Metal Decals With Paper Backing ...........................8-18 Metal Decals with No Adhesive...............................8-18 Vinyl Film Decals ....................................................8-18 Removal of Decals ...................................................8-19 Paint System Compatibility .........................................8-19 Paint Touchup ..........................................................8-19 Identification of Paint Finishes.............................8-19 Surface Preparation for Touchup..........................8-20 Stripping the Finish ..................................................8-20 Chemical Stripping ...............................................8-21 Plastic Media Blasting (PMB) ..............................8-21 XXIII Chapter 8