attitude, and then smoothly changing the attitude a precise  amount. The attitude reference provides an immediate, direct,  and corresponding indication of any change in aircraft pitch  or bank attitude.  Changing the “pitch attitude” of the miniature aircraft or  fuselage dot by precise amounts in relation to the horizon  makes pitch changes. These changes are measured in degrees,  or fractions thereof, or bar widths depending upon the type of  attitude reference. The amount of deviation from the desired  performance determines the magnitude of the correction.  Bank changes are made by changing the “bank attitude”  or bank pointers by precise amounts in relation to the bank  scale. The bank scale is normally graduated at 0°, 10°, 20°,  30°, 60°, and 90° and is located at the top or bottom of the  attitude reference. Bank angle use normally approximates  the degrees to turn, not to exceed 30°.  Proper power control results from the ability to smoothly  establish or maintain desired airspeeds in coordination  with attitude changes. Power changes are made by throttle  adjustments and reference to the power indicators. Power  indicators are not affected by such factors as turbulence,  improper trim, or inadvertent control pressures. Therefore,  in most aircraft little attention is required to ensure the power  setting remains constant. Experience in an aircraft teaches a pilot approximately how  far to move the throttle to change the power a given amount.  Power changes are made primarily by throttle movement,  followed by an indicator cross-check to establish a more  precise setting. The key is to avoid fixating on the indicators  The pitch attitude control of an aircraft controls the angular  relationship between the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and  the actual horizon. The attitude indicator gives a direct and  immediate indication of the pitch attitude of the aircraft. The  aircraft controls are used to position the miniature aircraft  in relation to the horizon bar or horizon line for any pitch  attitude required.  [Figure 6-5] Pitch control is controlling the rotation of the aircraft  about the lateral axis by movement of the elevators.  After interpreting the pitch attitude from the proper flight  instruments, exert control pressures to effect the desired pitch  attitude with reference to the horizon. These instruments  include the attitude indicator, altimeter, VSI, and airspeed  indicator.  [Figure 6-4] The attitude indicator displays a  direct indication of the aircraft’s pitch attitude while the other  pitch attitude control instruments indirectly indicate the pitch  attitude of the aircraft. Another basic method for teaching attitude instrument flying  classifies the instruments as they relate to control function,  as well as aircraft performance. All maneuvers involve some  degree of motion about the lateral (pitch), longitudinal (bank/ roll), and vertical (yaw) axes. Attitude control is stressed in  this handbook in terms of pitch control, bank control, power  control, and trim control. Instruments are grouped as they  relate to control function and aircraft performance as pitch  control, bank control, power control, and trim. while setting the power. Knowledge of approximate power  settings for various flight configurations helps the pilot avoid  overcontrolling power.  Pitch Control Bank Control Power Control Pitch Control Attitude Indicator Attitude Instrument Flying Using the Primary and  Supporting Method 3 0 W 2 4 Figure 6-4.  Pitch instruments. 6-4