Jul. 3, 2003  8  US 2003/0124176 Al  arecoline, astemizole, atropine, azithromycin, benzapril,  benztropine, beperiden, bupracaine, buprenorphine, bus› pirone, butorphanol, caffeine, capriomycin, ceftriaxone,  chlorazepate, chlorcyclizine, chlordiazepoxide, chlorprom› azine, chlorthiazide, ciprofloxacin, cladarabine, clemastine,  clemizole, clindamycin, clofazamine, clonazepam, cloni› dine, clozapine, cocaine, codeine, cyclizine, cyproheptadine,  dacarbzine, dactinomycin, desipramine, diazoxide, dihydro› ergotamine, diphenidol, diphenoxylate, dipyridamole, dox› apram, ergotamine, estazolam, famciclovir, fentanyl, flavox› ate, fludarabine, fluphenazine, flurazepam, fluvastin, folic  acid, ganciclovir, granisetron, guanethidine, halazepam,  haloperidol, homatropine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone,  hydroxyzine, hyoscyamine, imipramine, itraconazole, ket› erolac, ketoconazole, levocarbustine, levorphone, lincomy› cin, lomefloxacin, loperamide, lorazepam, losartan, loxap› ine,  mazindol,  meclizine,  meperidine,  mepivacaine,  mesoridazine, methdilazine, methenamine, methimazole,  methotrimeperazine, methysergide, metronidazole, mida› zolam, minoxidil, mitomycin c, molindone, morphine, naf› zodone, nalbuphine, naldixic acid, nalmefene, naloxone,  naltrexone, naphazoline, nedocromil, nicotine, norfloxacin,  ofloxacin, ondansetron, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymetazo› line, oxymorphone, pemoline, pentazocine, pentostatin, pen› toxyfylline, perphenazine, phentolamine, physostigmine,  pilocarpine, pimozide, pramoxine, prazosin, prochlorpera› zine, promazine, promethazine, pyrrobutamine, quazepam,  quinidine, quinine, rauwolfia alkaloids, riboflavin, rifabutin,  risperidone, rocuronium, scopalamine, sufentanil, tacrine,  temazepam, terazosin, terconazole, terfenadine, tetrahydra› zoline, thiordazine, thiothixene, ticlodipine, timolol, tolazo› line, tolazamide, tolmetin, trazodone, triazolam, triethylp› erazine, trifluopromazine, trihexylphenidyl, trimeprazine,  trimipramine, tubocurarine, vecuronium, vidarabine, vin› blastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, and xylometazoline.  [0077]  Examples of aromatic heterocyclic amines include,  but are not limited to, acetazolamide, acyclovir, adenosine  phosphate, allopurinal, alprazolam, amoxapine, amrinone,  apraclonidine, azatadine, aztreonam, bisacodyl, bleomycin,  brompheniramine, buspirone, butoconazole, carbinoxamine,  cefamandole, cefazole, cefixime, cefinetazole, cefonicid,  cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefpodoxime, ceftriax› one, cephapirin, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, cimetidine,  cladarabine, clotrimazole, cloxacillin, didanosine, dipy› ridamole, doxazosin, doxylamine, econazole, enoxacin,  estazolam, ethionamide, famciclovir, famotidine, flucona› zole, fludarabine, folic acid, ganciclovir, hydroxychloro› quine, iodoquinol, isoniazid, isothipendyl, itraconazole,  ketoconazole, lamotrigine, lansoprazole, lorcetadine, losar› tan, mebendazole, mercaptopurine, methafurylene, meth› apyriline, methotrexate, metronidazole, miconazole, mida› zolam, minoxidil, nafzodone, naldixic acid, niacin, nicotine,  nifedipine, nizatidine, omeperazole, oxaprozin, oxiconazole,  papaverine,  pentostatin,  phenazopyridine, pheniramine,  pilocarpine, piroxicam, prazosin, primaquine, pyrazinamide,  pyrilamine, pyrimethamine, pyrithiamine, pyroxidine, qui› nidine, quinine, ribaverin, rifampin, sulfadiazine, sulfame› thizole,  sulfamethoxazole,  sulfasalazine,  sulfasoxazole,  terazosin, thiabendazole, thiamine, thioguanine, thonzy› lamine, timolol, trazodone, triampterene, triazolam, tri› methadione, trimethoprim, trimetrexate, triplenamine, tropi› camide, and vidarabine.  [0078]  Examples of azo compounds are phenazopyridine  and sulfasalazine, while examples of imines include  cefixime, cimetidine, clofazimine, clonidine, dantrolene,  famotidine, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, and  oxiconazole.  [0079]  Combinations of the aforementioned drugs and/or  combinations of one or more of the aforementioned drugs  with different type of active agent may also be delivered  using the methods, compositions and systems of the present  invention.  [0080]  Examples of particularly preferred nitrogen-con› taining drugs include phenylpropanolamine and oxybutynin.  [0081]  As  many amine drugs are commercially available  only in the salt form, i.e., in the form of an acid addition salt,  use of a basic permeation enhancer eliminates the need to  convert the drug to the free base form prior to patch  manufacture. That is, the basic enhancer may be incorpo› rated during patch manufacture, along with the acid addition  salt, thus neutralizing the drug during manufacture rather  than after.  [0082]  B.  Nonsteroidal  Anti-inflammatory  Agents  (NSAlDs)  [0083]  Suitable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents that  may be used in the formulations of the present invention  include, but are not limited to: acetylsalicylic acid; apazone;  bromfenac; celecoxib; diclofenac; difenpiramide; diflunisal;  etodolac;  flufenamic  acid;  indomethacin;  ketorolac;  meclofenamate; mefenamic acid; meloxicam; nabumetone;  phenylbutazone; piroxicam; propionic acid derivatives ( e.g.,  alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, butibufen, carprofen, fen› bufen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen,  ketoprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pirprofen, pranoprofen,  suprofen, tiaprofenic acid); rofecoxib; salicylic acid; sulin› dac; tolmetin; and combinations of any of the foregoing.  Preferred  NSAlDs  are  ibuprofen,  diclofenac  (e.g.,  diclofenac sodium), ketoprofen, ketorolac (e.g., ketorolac  tromethamine ), meloxicam, piroxicam, and rofecoxib.  [0084]  The NSAlD or NSAlDs may be co-administered  with one or more additional active agents, e.g.: antihista› minic agents such as diphenhydramine and chlorphe› niramine (particularly diphenhydramine hydrochloride and  chlorpheniramine maleate ); corticosteroids, including lower  potency corticosteroids such as alclometasone, dexametha› sone, flumethasone, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone-21-mo› noesters ( e.g., hydrocortisone-21-acetate, hydrocortisone- 21-butyrate, hydrocortisone-21-propionate, hydrocortisone- 21-valerate,  etc.),  hydrocortisone-17,21-diesters  ( e.g.,  hydrocortisone-17,21-diacetate, hydrocortisone- l 7-acetate- 21-butyrate, hydrocortisone-17,21-dibutyrate, etc.), pred› nisolone, and methylprednisolone, as well as higher potency  corticosteroids such as betamethasone benzoate, betametha› sone diproprionate, clobetasol propionate, diflorasone diac› etate, fluocinonide, fluticasone propionate, mometasone  furoate, triamcinolone acetonide, and the like; local anes› thetic  agents such as  phenol, benzocaine, lidocaine,  prilocaine and dibucaine; topical analgesics such as glycol  salicylate, methyl salicylate, 1-menthol, d,1-camphor and  capsaicin; and antibiotics. Preferred additional agents are  antibiotic agents.  [0085]  The aforementioned compounds may be adminis› tered using the methods of the invention to treat any patient  with an NSAlD-responsive condition or disorder. Typically,  NSAlDs are employed as anti-inflammatory and/or analge-