Expect-further-clearance (EFC). The time a pilot can  expect to receive clearance beyond a clearance limit. FAA.  Federal Aviation Administration. FAF.  See final approach fix. False horizon.  Inaccurate visual information for aligning the  aircraft, caused by various natural and geometric formations  that disorient the pilot from the actual horizon. Federal airways.  Class E airspace areas that extend upward  from 1,200 feet to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL, unless  otherwise specified. Feeder facilities. Used by ATC to direct aircraft to  intervening fixes between the en route structure and the  initial approach fix. Final approach.  Part of an instrument approach  procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are  accomplished.  Final approach fix (FAF). The fix from which the IFR  final approach to an airport is executed, and which identifies  the beginning of the final approach segment. An FAF is  designated on government charts by a Maltese cross symbol  for nonprecision approaches, and a lightning bolt symbol for  precision approaches. Fixating.  Staring at a single instrument, thereby interrupting  the cross-check process. FL.  See flight level. Flight configurations.  Adjusting the aircraft control surfaces  (including flaps and landing gear) in a manner that will  achieve a specified attitude. Flight director indicator (FDI).  One of the major components  of a flight director system, it provides steering commands that  the pilot (or the autopilot, if coupled) follows. Flight level (FL).  A measure of altitude (in hundreds of feet)  used by aircraft flying above 18,000 feet with the altimeter  set at 29.92" Hg. Flight management system (FMS).  Provides pilot and crew  with highly accurate and automatic long-range navigation  capability, blending available inputs from long- and short- range sensors. Flightpath.  The line, course, or track along which an aircraft  is flying or is intended to be flown. Flight patterns.  Basic maneuvers, flown by reference to the  instruments rather than outside visual cues, for the purpose  of practicing basic attitude flying. The patterns simulate  maneuvers encountered on instrument flights such as holding  patterns, procedure turns, and approaches. Flight strips. Paper strips containing instrument flight  information, used by ATC when processing flight plans. FMS.  See flight management system. Form drag.  The drag created because of the shape of a  component or the aircraft. Fundamental skills.  Pilot skills of instrument cross-check,  instrument interpretation, and aircraft control. Glideslope (GS).  Part of the ILS that projects a radio beam  upward at an angle of approximately 3° from the approach  end of an instrument runway. The glideslope provides  vertical guidance to aircraft on the final approach course for  the aircraft to follow when making an ILS approach along  the localizer path. Glideslope intercept altitude.  The minimum altitude of an  intermediate approach segment prescribed for a precision  approach that ensures obstacle clearance. Global landing system (GLS).  An instrument approach with  lateral and vertical guidance with integrity limits (similar to  barometric vertical navigation (BRO VNAV). Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).  Satellite  navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial  positioning with global coverage. It allows small electronic  receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and  altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitted  along a line of sight by radio from satellites.  GNSS.  See global navigation satellite systems. Global positioning system (GPS). Navigation system  that uses satellite rather than ground-based transmitters for  location information. G-7