Diabetes Business Erbitux* Business Manufacturing Operations Plavix*  and  Avapro* / Avalide* In February 2014, BMS and AstraZeneca terminated their diabetes business alliance agreements and BMS sold to AstraZeneca substantially all of the diabetes business comprising the alliance. Consideration for the transaction included tiered royalty payments ranging from 10% to 25% based on net sales through 2025. Royalties were $673 million in 2020, $533 million in 2019 and $457 million in 2018. In September 2015, BMS transferred a percentage of its future royalty rights on Amylin net product sales in the U.S. to CPPIB. The transferred rights represent approximately 70% of potential future royalties BMS is entitled to in 2019 to 2025. In exchange for the transfer, BMS received an additional tiered-based royalty on Amylin net product sales in the U.S. from CPPIB in 2016 through 2018 including $45 million in 2018, and paid $39 million in 2020 and $48 million in 2019. In November 2017, BMS transferred a percentage of its future royalty rights on a portion of  Onglyza* and  Farxiga* net product sales to Royalty Pharma. The transferred rights represent approximately 20% to 25% of potential future royalties BMS is entitled to for those products in 2020 to 2025. In exchange for the transfer, BMS received an additional tiered-based royalty on  Onglyza*  and  Farxiga*  net product sales from Royalty Pharma including $165 million in 2019 and $159 million in 2018, and paid $67 million in 2020. BMS had a commercialization agreement with Lilly through Lilly’s subsidiary ImClone for the co-development and promotion of  Erbitux * in the U.S., Canada and Japan. BMS was the principal in the end customer product sales in North America and paid Lilly a distribution fee for 39% of  Erbitux * net sales in North America plus a share of certain royalties paid by Lilly. In October 2015, BMS transferred its rights to  Erbitux*  in North America to Lilly in exchange for tiered sales-based royalties through September 2018, including $145 million in 2018. BMS transferred its co-commercialization rights in Japan to Merck KGaA in 2015 in exchange for sales-based royalties through 2032. As a result of the adoption of ASC 610 in 2018, estimated future royalties resulting from the transfer of rights to Merck KGaA were recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment in Retained earnings. A $23 million change in estimated future royalties was included in 2019. In 2019, BMS sold its manufacturing and packaging facility in Anagni, Italy to Catalent Inc. The transaction was accounted for as the sale of a business. The divestiture included the transfer of the facility, the majority of employees at the site, inventories and certain third-party contract manufacturing obligations. The assets were reduced to their relative fair value after considering the purchase price resulting in an impairment charge of $121 million that was included in Cost of products sold. Catalent Inc. will provide certain manufacturing and packaging services for BMS for a period of time. In 2017, BMS sold its small molecule active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing operations in Swords, Ireland to SK Biotek Co., Ltd. Proceeds of $160 million were received in 2018. The transaction was accounted for as the sale of a business. The divestiture included the transfer of the facility, the majority of employees at the site, inventories and certain third-party contract manufacturing obligations. Sanofi reacquired BMS's co-development and co-commercialization agreements for  Plavix*  and  Avapro* / Avalide*  in 2013. Consideration for the transfer of rights included quarterly royalties through December 31, 2018 and a $200 million terminal payment received in 2018 of which $120 million was allocated to opt-out markets and $80 million was allocated to BMS's 49.9% interest in the Europe and Asia territory partnership. Royalties expected to be received in 2018 and the portion of terminal payment allocated to opt-out markets was reflected as a contract asset and cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of ASC 610 in 2018 as BMS had fulfilled its performance obligation. The $80 million allocated to BMS's partnership interest was deferred as of December 31, 2018 and recognized as an equity investment gain when transferred to Sanofi in 2019. Royalties earned from Sanofi in the territory covering the Americas and Australia and opt-out markets were presented in Alliance revenues and aggregated $26 million in 2018. Royalties attributed to the territory covering Europe and Asia earned by the territory partnership and paid to BMS were included in equity in net loss/(income) of affiliates and amounted to $96 million in 2018. 87