those calculated using d$_{G}$ = 16. The comparison between the dotted and the solid curve is then equivalent to that of the v$_{2}$ ( p$_{T}$ ) /v$_{2}$ scaling. Unlike the p$_{T}$ averaged v$_{2}$ , v$_{2}$ ( p$_{T}$ ) depends on the number of parton degrees of freedom: on average, v$_{2}$ ( p$_{T}$ ) moves up 20% or shifts 20% to the left toward small momentum and becomes closer to the experimental data [29, 30, 33] when quarks are added. This is the major finding of this work. v$_{2}$ ( p$_{T}$ ) values at large p$_{T}$ decreases by 20% and is a factor of two smaller than the experi- mental data. Although this has a negligible effect on the p$_{T}$ averaged v$_{2}$ , because the parton number there is tiny, as seen in Fig. 6, it is important to understand hadronization. From our results we see a bend at p$_{T}$ ≈ 1 . 2 GeV. For higher p$_{T}$ v$_{2}$ ( p$_{T}$ ) saturates. If parton re- combination models [34] govern the hadronization of partons with high p$_{T}$ , v$_{2}$ ( p$_{T}$ ) of mesons will be twice of partons. This gives a reasonable explanation of the factor of two difference between the experimental data and the parton cascade v$_{2}$ results at high p$_{T}$ . On the other hand, viscous hydrodynamic calculations [6] showed that v$_{2}$ at high p$_{T}$ is very sensitive to the value of shear viscosity. Also, the difference of the viscous correction to the equilibrium phase space distribution between mesons and baryons at freeze-out can explain constituent quark scaling without quark recombinations [35]. Hadronization is still an open issue. As a final result the shear viscosity η from the parton cascade simulations is extracted by using the formula, which has been derived in [36] and applied in [9]: where i = gg → gg, gg → ggg, ggg → gg and v$_{z}$ = p$_{z}$/E . The transport collision rate R tr i is obtained via Eq. (16). The entropy density s is calculated by assuming the kinetic equilibrium, which gives where λ = n/n$_{eq}$ with n$_{eq}$ = d$_{G}$T $^{3}$/π2 and T = e/ (3 n ) defines the gluon fugacity. The true entropy density is expected to be slightly smaller, because overall kinetic equilibration cannot be complete in an expanding viscous system. Figure 9 shows the η/s ratio in the center of a Au+Au collision at the impact parameter b = 8 . 6 fm. Results from two calculations with d$_{G}$ = 16 (solid curve) and d$_{G}$ = 40 (dashed curve) are compared. At early times the η/s ratio from the calculation with d$_{G}$ = 40 is smaller than that with d$_{G}$ = 16. Because the particle density n in η and s cancels, and quantities R tr i as shown in Fig. 2 and 〈 E (1 / 3 − v 2 $_{z}$) 〉 / (1 / 3 − 〈 v 2 z 〉 ) are not sensitive to the s = 4 n − n ln λ , (18) η ∼ = 1 5 $_{n}$〈 E ( 1 3 − v 2 $_{z}$) 〉 1 3 − 〈 v 2 z 〉 1 ∑ $_{i}$R tr i + 1 . 5 R$_{gg}$$_{→}$$_{ggg}$ − R$_{ggg}$$_{→}$$_{gg}$ , (17) 14