from the fix. [Figure 2-63] When a change of altitude is  involved with a course change, course guidance must be  provided if the change of altitude is more than 1,500 feet  and/or if the course change is more than 45°, although  there is an exception to this rule. In some cases, course  changes of up to 90° may be approved without course  guidance provided that no obstacles penetrate the  established MEA requirement of the previous airway or  route segment. Outside United States airspace, pilots may  encounter different flight procedures regarding MCA and  transitioning from one MEA to a higher MEA. In this case,  pilots are expected to be at the higher MEA crossing the  fix, similar to an MCA. Pilots must thoroughly review flight  procedure differences when flying outside United States  airspace. On IFR en route low altitude charts, routes and  associated data outside the conterminous United States  are shown for transitional purposes only and are not part  of the high altitude jet route and RNAV route systems.  [Figure 2-64]  The MIA for operations is prescribed in 14 CFR Part 91. These  MIAs are published on aeronautical charts and prescribed  in 14 CFR Part 95 for airways and routes, and in  14 CFR Part 97 for standard instrument approach  procedures. If no applicable minimum altitude is prescribed  To determine the MCA seen on an en route chart, the  distance from the obstacle to the fix is computed from  the point where the centerline of the en route course in  the direction of flight intersects the farthest displacement  MTA: V465 NE TO V330 W OR V520 W 16000  An MCA is the lowest altitude at certain fixes at which the  aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a  higher minimum en route IFR altitude. [Figure 2-62] When  applicable, MCAs are depicted on the en route chart. [Figure  2-59] MCAs are established in all cases where obstacles  intervene to prevent pilots from maintaining obstacle  clearance during a normal climb to a higher MEA after  passing a point beyond which the higher MEA applies. The  same protected en route area vertical obstacle clearance  requirements for the primary and secondary areas are  considered in the determination of the MCA. The standard  for determining the MCA is based upon the following climb  gradients and is computed from the flight altitude:  2-40  Figure 2-64. En route chart minimum crossing altitude data (outside of the U.S.).  Minimum IFR Altitude (MIA)  Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA)  • Sea level through 5,000 feet MSL—150 feet per NM  • 5000 feet through 10,000 feet MSL—120 feet per  NM  • 10,000 feet MSL and over—100 feet per NM  NOT FOR NAVIGATION IN CANAD $_{A CROS}$S EACH FIX A T OR  AB $_{O}$VE THE HIGHER MINIMUM EN ROUTE $_{IFR AL}$TITUDE APPLICABLE TO FLIGHT . 