ContentS ChApter 1—Introduction to the powered  parachute ChApter 3 — Components and Systems ChApter 4 — powerplants ChApter 2 — Aerodynamics of Flight v Gravity Moment  ......................................... 2-10 Wing Attachment to Cart  ........................... Stability  ............................................................ 2-12  PPC Angle of Attack Characteristics ............... 2-12 Normal Flying Conditions ......................... 2-12 Flaring Increases Angle of Attack.............. 2-13 Porpoising Creates Variations in AOA....... 2-14 Stalls: Exceeding the Critical  Angle of Attack ................................................ 2-14 Turning Effect .................................................. 2-15 Weight, Load and Speed Changes  .................... 2-15 PPC Aerodynamics Summary.......................... 2-16 History of the Powered Parachute...................... 1-1 Powered Parachute Terms ............................ 1-2 Introduction to the Powered Parachute .............. Powered Parachute Pilot Certificate  Eligibility Requirements  ................................. 1-2 Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)  ............. 1-4 Resource Management....................................... 1-4 Use of Checklists  ............................................... 1-5 Situational Awareness ........................................ 1-5 Stress Management ............................................ 1-5 Medical Factors Related to the PPC .................. 1-5 Alcohol......................................................... 1-6 Anxiety  ......................................................... Carbon Monoxide Poisoning  ....................... 1-6 Dehydration  .................................................. Drugs  ............................................................ 1-6 Middle Ear and Sinus Problems  ................... Fatigue.......................................................... 1-7 Hyperventilation........................................... Hypoxia  ........................................................ 1-7 Motion Sickness........................................... Scuba Diving  ................................................ 1-8 Spatial Disorientation  ................................... Stress ............................................................ 1-8 Stroke and Heart Attack ............................... Medical Summary —  “The Bottom Line” ..................................... 1-9 The Airframe...................................................... 3-1 Center of Gravity Adjustments  ..........................3-2 Multiple Attachment Points Bracket ............3-3 Center of Gravity Adjuster Tubes  ................3-3 Instrument Panel ................................................3-3 Additional Equipment........................................ 3-4 Electrical System ............................................... 3-4 The Steering Bars...............................................3-5 Wings and Components  .....................................3-5 Risers.................................................................. 3-7 The Fuel Tank .................................................... 3-7 Throttle System..................................................3-8 The Powerplant ..................................................3-8 The Propeller......................................................3-8 Axle and Wheel Assembly  ................................. 3-9 Aerodynamic Terms ........................................... 2-1 Powered Parachute Wing Pressurization and Flexibility  .................................................2-3 Forces in Flight .................................................. 2-4 Lift  ................................................................2-5 Drag  .............................................................. 2-6 Weight  .......................................................... 2-7 Thrust ........................................................... Center of Gravity  ...............................................2-8 Axes of Rotation  ................................................ 2-9 Ground Effect  ..................................................... 2-9 Moments ............................................................ 2-9 Thrust Line Moments  ................................. 2-10 Reciprocating Engines ....................................... 4-1 Two-Stroke Engines........................................... 4-1 Two-Stroke Process...................................... 4-1 Four-Stroke Engines .......................................... 4-4 Exhaust Systems  ................................................ 4-4 Two-Stroke Tuned Exhaust Systems  ............ 4-4 Four-Stroke Engine Exhaust Systems  .......... Two-Stroke Engine Warming  ............................. 4-4 Four-Stroke Engine Warming  ............................ 4-5 Gearboxes  .......................................................... 4-5 Certrifugal Clutch ........................................ 4-6 Propeller.............................................................