Table of Contents Component Parts   ...........................................................2-2 Main Parachute Canopy   ............................................2-2 Reserve Parachute Canopy  .........................................2-2 Emergency Parachute Canopy ....................................2-2 Harness/Container  ......................................................2-2 Pilot Chutes and Bridles for the Main and  Reserve Parachutes   ................................................2-2 Ripcords or Equivalent Devices for the Main  and Reserve Parachutes   .........................................2-3 Deployment Devices for the Main and Reserve  Parachutes  ...............................................................2-3 Main Parachute Release Mechanism and  Associated Handles or Static Lines   .......................2-3 Risers and Associated Steering Toggles  .................2-3 TSO Standards ...............................................................2-4 Canopy Design  ...............................................................2-5 Nomenclature  .............................................................2-5 Construction Concepts and Techniques   ....................2-5 Operational Theory.....................................................2-6 Materials  .....................................................................2-6 Damage  .......................................................................2-6 Containers  ...................................................................2-6 Configuration..............................................................2-7 Harness Design  ..............................................................2-9 Bridles and Deployment Devices  .................................2-11 Deployment Types  ...................................................2-12 Type 1: Canopy First Deployment   ......................2-12 Type 2: Two-Stow Diaper or Half Diaper ...........2-12 Type 3: Ascuitto or Piglet-Style Flat Diaper   .......2-13 Type 4: Handbury or Preserve Full Diaper   ..........2-13 Type 5: Free Bag .................................................2-13 Type 6: Sleeves  .....................................................2-13 Bridles  ......................................................................2-15 Pilot Chutes   .................................................................2-17 Spring-Loaded Pilot Chutes  .....................................2-17 Hand Deploy Pilot Chutes   .......................................2-17 Automatic Activation Devices (AADs) and  Reserve Static Lines (RSLs) .......................................2-18 Automatic Activation Devices   ................................2-18 Operation ..................................................................2-19 Reserve Static Line (RSL) Systems ........................2-21 RSL Designs  .............................................................2-21 Preface....................................................................iii Acknowledgments..................................................v Record of Changes...............................................vii Table of Contents ..................................................ix Introduction to Parachute Rigging ....................1-1 Regulations and Human Factors  .................................... 1-1 Parachute Rigger Certificates.........................................1-2 Eligibility and Requirements   .....................................1-2 Earning a Parachute Rigger Certificate ......................1-2 Testing  .................................................................... 1-3 Alternate Means of Qualifying for a Parachute  Rigger Certificate ................................................... 1-3 Retesting  ................................................................. 1-3 Responsibilities of a Certificated Parachute Rigger ......1-5 Facilities and Tools  ....................................................1-5 Performance Standards   ..............................................1-5 Currency Requirements   ............................................. 1-6 Record Keeping .........................................................1-7 Sealing the Parachute  .................................................1-8 Regulatory Compliance  .................................................1-8 14 CFR part 1—Definitions .......................................1-8 14 CFR part 21, subpart O—Technical Standard  Orders (TSO)..............................................................1-8 14 CFR part 39—Airworthiness Directives (ADs) ....1-8 14 CFR part 91—General Operating and Flight  Rules   .......................................................................... 1-9 14 CFR part 105, subpart C—Parachute  Equipment and Packing   ............................................. 1-9 Rigging Ethics   ............................................................... 1-9 Certification Specifications ........................................ 1-9 Pilot Versus Parachute Size  ........................................ 1-9 Parachute Service Life ................................................ 1-9 Chapter Summary  ........................................................ 1-10 Design and Construction....................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Parachute Design and Construction  ...............................2-2 ix Change 1 (December 2015) Chapter 2 Chapter 1