SECTION 3.2  Provisions 3.2  ACCOUNTING POLICIES Provisions, including warranty provisions, are  recognised when, as a result of events arising before  or at the end of the reporting period, the Group  has a legal or a constructive obligation and it is  probable that there may be an outflow of resources  embodying economic benefits to settle the obliga- tion. Other provisions are discounted if the effect is  material to the measurement of the liability. The  Carlsberg Group’s average borrowing rate is used as  the discount rate. Restructuring costs are recognised under liabilities  when a detailed, formal restructuring plan has been  announced to the persons affected no later than  at the end of the reporting period. On acquisition  of entities, restructuring provisions in the acquiree  are only included in the opening balance when the  acquiree has a restructuring liability at the acquisi- tion date. A provision for onerous contracts is recognised  when the benefits expected to be derived by the  Group from a contract are lower than the unavoid- able costs of meeting its obligations under the  contract. When the Group has a legal obligation to disman- tle or remove an asset or restore the site on which  the asset is located, a provision is recognised cor- responding to the present value of expected future  costs. The Group is party to certain lawsuits, dis- putes etc. of various scopes. It is manage- ment’s opinion that, apart from items recog- nised in the statement of financial position  or disclosed in the consolidated financial  statements, the outcome of these lawsuits,  disputes etc. will not have a material effect  on the Group’s financial position. The Group has issued guarantees for loans  etc. raised by third parties (non-consolidated  entities) of DKK 626m (2012: DKK 674m).  Guarantees issued for loans raised by joint  ventures and associates are described in sec- tion 5.5 and 5.6. Certain guarantees etc. are issued in connec- tion with disposal of entities and activities  etc. Apart from items recognised in the state- ment of financial position or disclosed in  the consolidated financial statements, these  guarantees etc. will not have a material ef- fect on the Group’s financial position. Contractual commitments, and lease and ser- vice agreements are described in section 2.4.  Carlsberg Group Annual Report 2013 Consolidated financial statements SECTION 3: SPECIAL ITEMS AND PROVISIONS 88 Contingent  liabilities 