MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL •The  DELAYED  clause of the  INSERT  and  REPLACE  statements. •The  LOW_PRIORITY  clause of the  INSERT ,  REPLACE ,  DELETE , and  UPDATE  statements. •Use of  INTO OUTFILE  or  INTO DUMPFILE  in  SELECT  statements. See Section 13.2.10, “SELECT Statement” . •Options such as  STRAIGHT_JOIN  or  SQL_SMALL_RESULT  in  SELECT  statements. •You don’t need to name all selected columns in the  GROUP BY  clause. This gives better performance for some very specific, but quite normal queries. See Section 12.20, “Aggregate Functions” . •You can specify  ASC  and  DESC  with  GROUP BY , not just with  ORDER BY . •The ability to set variables in a statement with the  :=  assignment operator. See Section 9.4, “User- Defined Variables” . •Data types •The  MEDIUMINT ,  SET , and  ENUM  data types, and the various  BLOB  and  TEXT  data types. •The  AUTO_INCREMENT ,  BINARY ,  NULL ,  UNSIGNED , and  ZEROFILL  data type attributes. •Functions and operators •To make it easier for users who migrate from other SQL environments, MySQL Server supports aliases for many functions. For example, all string functions support both standard SQL syntax and ODBC syntax. •MySQL Server understands the  ||  and  &&  operators to mean logical OR and AND, as in the C programming language. In MySQL Server,  ||  and  OR  are synonyms, as are  &&  and  AND . Because of this nice syntax, MySQL Server doesn’t support the standard SQL  ||  operator for string concatenation; use  CONCAT()  instead. Because  CONCAT()  takes any number of arguments, it is easy to convert use of the  ||  operator to MySQL Server. •Use of  COUNT(DISTINCT  value_list )  where  value_list  has more than one element. •String comparisons are case-insensitive by default, with sort ordering determined by the collation of the current character set, which is  utf8mb4  by default. To perform case-sensitive comparisons instead, you should declare your columns with the  BINARY  attribute or use the  BINARY  cast, which causes comparisons to be done using the underlying character code values rather than a lexical ordering. • The  %  operator is a synonym for  MOD() . That is,  N  %  M  is equivalent to  MOD( N , M ) .  %  is supported for C programmers and for compatibility with PostgreSQL. •The  = ,  <> ,  <= ,  < ,  >= ,  > ,  << ,  >> ,  <=> ,  AND ,  OR , or  LIKE  operators may be used in expressions in the output column list (to the left of the  FROM ) in  SELECT  statements. For example: •The  LAST_INSERT_ID()  function returns the most recent  AUTO_INCREMENT  value. See Section 12.16, “Information Functions” . • LIKE  is permitted on numeric values. •The  REGEXP  and  NOT REGEXP  extended regular expression operators. mysql>  SELECT col1=1 AND col2=2 FROM my_table; 79