Parent Company Stockholders Foreign Currency Translation Hedging Investments Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance, December 31, 2011 $ (192) $ (10) $ 10 $ (458) $ (650) Other comprehensive income (loss): Currency translation adjustments (6) (6) Holding gains 9 1 10 Reclassification of amount to net income  (a) 7 7 Plan amendments (6) (6) Net actuarial losses (174) (174) Reclassification adjustment for net actuarial  losses included in net periodic benefit cost (b) 14 14 Tax (expense) benefit (3) 1 14 12 Other comprehensive loss (6) 13 2 (152) (143) Balance, December 31, 2012 (198) 3 12 (610) (793) Other comprehensive income (loss): Currency translation adjustments (40) (40) Holding gains (losses) 4 (1) 3 Reclassification of amount to net income  (a) (8) (8) (16) Venezuelan bolivar devaluation 2 2 Net actuarial gains 101 101 Reclassification adjustment for net actuarial  losses included in net periodic benefit cost (b) 24 24 Tax expense (5) (5) Other comprehensive income (loss) (40) (4) (9) 122 69 Adjustment for purchase of noncontrolling interests (4) 1 (3) Balance, December 31, 2013 (242) — 3 (488) (727) Other comprehensive income (loss): Currency translation adjustments (185) (185) Holding gains (losses) (12) 3 (9) Reclassification of amount to net income  (a) 2 (1) 1 Venezuelan bolivar devaluation 4 4 Net actuarial losses (156) (156) Reclassification adjustment for net actuarial  losses included in net periodic benefit cost (b) 60 60 Other 3 3 Tax benefit 1 11 12 Other comprehensive income (loss) (185) (9) 2 (78) (270) Balance, December 31, 2014 $ (427) $ (9) $ 5 $ (566) $ (997) Changes in each component of AOCI of the parent  — Notes: (a) Foreign currency contract and investment reclassifications are included in other income, net. (b) See Note 11 for additional details. During the first quarter of 2013, Dana purchased the noncontrolling interests in  three of its subsidiaries for $7. Dana  maintained its controlling financial interest in each of the subsidiaries and accounted for the purchases as equity transactions. The difference between the fair value of the consideration paid and the carrying value of the noncontrolling interests was  recognized as additional paid-in capital of the parent company . At the time of the purchases the subsidiaries had accumulated  other comprehensive income. Accumulated other comprehensive income of the parent company has been adjusted to reflect  the ownership interest change with a corresponding of fset to additional paid-in capital of the parent company . 58