The Safety Analysis and Risk Mitigation Process  Section 3  54 3.7_SMSM_201607  Originally published July 2016  Uncontrolled copy when downloaded The  risk avoidance strategy  averts the potential occurrence and/or consequence of a hazard  by either selecting a different approach or not implementing a specific proposal. This technique  may be pursued when multiple alternatives or options are available, such as determining where  to construct an air traffic control tower. In some cases, a decision may be made to limit the NAS  change to certain conditions or system states, thereby avoiding the risk associated with other  conditions. An example of this is allowing simultaneous operations on one runway that is  over-flown by three other runway flight paths. It may be discovered that the risk associated with  the simultaneous operation can be mitigated to an acceptable level for two of the runways but  An explanation of how a safety requirement reduced the hazard’s risk level—ultimately  supported with objective evidence through testing, monitoring, or another method—must be  provided for each safety requirement. All safety requirements that are implemented and are  determined to have successfully addressed the hazard or safety issue become part of the  operating National Airspace System (NAS). At that time, they will be considered “controls” that  form the basis for future safety hazard and risk analysis efforts. Refer to Section 3.5.2 for  information on controls.  A  risk control strategy  involves the development of  safety requirements , defined as planned  or proposed means to reduce a hazard’s causes or effects. Examples include policies or  procedures, redundant systems and/or components, and alternate sources of production. Refer  to Section 3.7.3 for information on developing safety requirements.  To address safety risk, identify and evaluate means that either manage the risk or reduce it to  an acceptable level. The four risk management strategies are risk control, risk avoidance, risk  transfer, and risk assumption. Assess how the proposed risk management strategy affects the  overall risk. Consider using a combination of actions to best manage or reduce the risk to an  acceptable level. When determining the appropriate strategy, consider how the safety  performance target (see  Section 4.1) will be used to evaluate the safety performance of the  chosen course of action. In this phase, identify appropriate means to mitigate or manage the safety risk. Treating risk  involves: 3.7  DIAAT Phase 5: Treat Risk  3.7.1  Overview  3.7.2  Risk Management Strategies  3.7.2.1  Risk Control  3.7.2.2 Risk Avoidance  • Developing a monitoring plan that prescribes tasks and review cycles for comparing the current risk to the predicted residual risk. • Defining safety performance targets or a sound alternate method to verify the predicted residual risk for each hazard, and • Identifying appropriate safety requirements,  Choose risk management strategies  Develop safety performance targets  Develop monitoring plan TREAT RISK T