MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 10.3.2 Server Character Set and Collation ..................................................................... 1934 10.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation ................................................................. 1934 10.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation ...................................................................... 1936 10.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation ................................................................... 1936 10.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation ............................................. 1938 10.3.7 The National Character Set ................................................................................ 1939 10.3.8 Character Set Introducers ................................................................................... 1940 10.3.9 Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment .......................................... 1942 10.3.10 Compatibility with Other DBMSs ........................................................................ 1943 10.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations ..................................................................... 1943 10.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation ....................................................... 1949 10.6 Error Message Character Set ........................................................................................ 1951 10.7 Column Character Set Conversion ................................................................................. 1952 10.8 Collation Issues ............................................................................................................ 1953 10.8.1 Using COLLATE in SQL Statements ................................................................... 1953 10.8.2 COLLATE Clause Precedence ............................................................................ 1954 10.8.3 Character Set and Collation Compatibility ............................................................ 1954 10.8.4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions .................................................................... 1954 10.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations ................................................ 1956 10.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation ..................................................................... 1958 10.8.7 Using Collation in INFORMATION_SCHEMA Searches ........................................ 1960 10.9 Unicode Support ........................................................................................................... 1962 10.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding) .............................. 1963 10.9.2 The utf8mb3 Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding) .............................. 1964 10.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Alias for utf8mb3) ........................................................... 1965 10.9.4 The ucs2 Character Set (UCS-2 Unicode Encoding) ............................................ 1965 10.9.5 The utf16 Character Set (UTF-16 Unicode Encoding) ........................................... 1965 10.9.6 The utf16le Character Set (UTF-16LE Unicode Encoding) .................................... 1966 10.9.7 The utf32 Character Set (UTF-32 Unicode Encoding) ........................................... 1966 10.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets ........................... 1966 10.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations ..................................................................... 1969 10.10.1 Unicode Character Sets .................................................................................... 1970 10.10.2 West European Character Sets ......................................................................... 1977 10.10.3 Central European Character Sets ...................................................................... 1978 10.10.4 South European and Middle East Character Sets ............................................... 1979 10.10.5 Baltic Character Sets ........................................................................................ 1980 10.10.6 Cyrillic Character Sets ...................................................................................... 1980 10.10.7 Asian Character Sets ........................................................................................ 1981 10.10.8 The Binary Character Set ................................................................................. 1985 10.11 Restrictions on Character Sets ..................................................................................... 1987 10.12 Setting the Error Message Language ........................................................................... 1987 10.13 Adding a Character Set ............................................................................................... 1988 10.13.1 Character Definition Arrays ............................................................................... 1990 10.13.2 String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets .......................................... 1991 10.13.3 Multi-Byte Character Support for Complex Character Sets .................................. 1991 10.14 Adding a Collation to a Character Set .......................................................................... 1991 10.14.1 Collation Implementation Types ......................................................................... 1992 10.14.2 Choosing a Collation ID .................................................................................... 1995 10.14.3 Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set ........................................... 1996 10.14.4 Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set ........................................... 1997 10.15 Character Set Configuration ......................................................................................... 2004 10.16 MySQL Server Locale Support ..................................................................................... 2005 11 Data Types .............................................................................................................................. 2011 11.1 Numeric Data Types ..................................................................................................... 2012 xi