0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 m MSE MLE S−estimate −estimate MM−estimate 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 m MSE MLE S−estimate −estimate MM−estimate Figure 2: Simulation: mean squared errors for q = 2 and x$_{0}$ = 10. Figure 3: Simulation: mean squared errors for q = 5 and x$_{0}$ = 1. In Figure 1, which corresponds to q = 2 and x$_{0}$ = 1, we observe that the MM- and τ -estimates behave similarly, both having a smaller MSE than the S-estimate except when m is (approximately) between 2 . 8 and 4. In this case, the S-estimate has the largest maximum MSE among the robust estimates. As expected, the MSE of the MLE increases without bound for large m . Figure 2 shows the results for q = 2 and x$_{0}$ = 10. S-, τ - and MM-estimates behave similarly. In Figure 3, which corresponds to q = 5 and x$_{0}$ = 1, the three robust estimates are seen to 21