Table of Contents 25. Restructuring costs 148 Restructuring costs are a reconciling item between Segment profit and Consolidated profit before taxes. See Note 23 for more information. The restructuring costs in 2018 were primarily related to ongoing facility closures across the company. In 2017, about half of the restructuring costs were related to the closure of the facility in Gosselies, Belgium, within Construction Industries, and the remainder was related to other restructuring actions across the company. The restructuring costs in 2016 were primarily related to actions in Resource Industries in response to continued weakness in the mining industry. In addition, costs in 2016 resulted from our decision to discontinue production of on-highway vocational trucks within Energy & Transportation and other restructuring actions across the company. $^{3 }$Represents costs related to our restructuring programs, primarily for accelerated depreciation, project management costs, equipment relocation and inventory write-downs, and also LIFO inventory decrement benefits from inventory liquidations at closed facilities, all of which are primarily included in Cost of goods sold. Our accounting for employee separations is dependent upon how the particular program is designed. For voluntary programs, eligible separation costs are recognized at the time of employee acceptance unless the acceptance requires explicit approval by the company. For involuntary programs, eligible costs are recognized when management has approved the program, the affected employees have been properly notified and the costs are estimable. Restructuring costs for 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: The transaction was financed with available cash. Tangible assets as of the acquisition date were $147 million, recorded at their fair values, and included cash of $12 million, receivables of $7 million, short term investments of $3 million, net deferred tax assets of $21 million, inventories of $63 million, and property, plant and equipment of $41 million. Finite-lived intangible assets acquired of $8 million included customer relationships, developed technology and trade names. The finite lived intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over an amortization period of 10 years. Liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date were $6 million, which represented their fair values. Goodwill of $1 million, non-deductible for income tax purposes, represented the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represented the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The results of the acquired business for the period from the acquisition date are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and reported in the Energy & Transportation segment in Note 23. Assuming this transaction had been made at the beginning of any period presented, the consolidated pro forma results would not be materially different from reported results. of $20 million and 2) a specified industry performance index price target during the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 which is capped at $20 million per year. As of December 31, 2018, $10 million was paid related to the use of the charitable contribution carry forward for U.S. tax purposes with an additional $10 million paid in January of 2019. No amounts were paid through 2018 for the contingent consideration related to the specified industry performance index price target, which continues to be remeasured each reporting period at its estimated fair value with any adjustment included in Other operating (income) expenses in Statement 1. (Millions of dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Employee separations  1 $ 112 $ 525 $ 297 Contract terminations  1 7 183 62 Long-lived asset impairments  1 93 346 391 Defined benefit plan curtailments and termination benefits  2 (8) 29 7 Other  3 182 173 262 Total restructuring costs $ 386 $ 1,256 $ 1,019 $^{1}$ Recognized in Other operating (income) expenses. $^{2}$ Recognized in Other income (expense).