CP 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 96 8. Other comprehensive loss and accumulated other comprehensive loss The components of Other comprehensive loss and the related tax effects are as follows: The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Before tax amount Income tax (expense) recovery Net of tax amount For the year ended December 31, 2020 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (118) $ — $ (118) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17) 136 (18) 118 Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income 9 (3) 6 Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (403) 108 (295) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (4) 1 (3) Other comprehensive loss $ (380) $ 88 $ (292) For the year ended December 31, 2019 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (251) $ —  $ (251) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17) 288  (38) 250  Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income 10  (2) 8  Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (661) 175  (486) Other comprehensive loss $ (614) $ 135  $ (479) For the year ended December 31, 2018 Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 419  $ —  $ 419  Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 17) (479) 64  (415) Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 10  (3) 7  Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other 28  (8) 20  Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (447) 115  (332) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (2) 1  (1) Other comprehensive loss $ (471) $ 169  $ (302) (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2020 2019 Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 493 $ 611  Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (381) (499) Net deferred losses on derivatives and other (48) (54) Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 22) (2,878) (2,580) Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (2,814) $ (2,522)