US 8,188,171  B2  26  25  14.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wherem said  surfactant, has a total number of carbon atoms being at most  100.  15.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wherein the  (poly)isocyanate is a homocondensation or heterocondensa- tion product of an alkylene diisocyanate. .  .  16.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wherem the  (poly)isocyanate comprises a (poly)isocy~nate originating  from homocondensation or heterocondensat10n of the follow› ing monomeric aliphatic, ( cyclo- or aryl-)aliphatic isocyan- ates:  1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate,  1,12-dodecane diisocyanate,  cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate  cyclohexane-1,3 and/or 1,4-diisocyanate,  l -isocyanato-3,3, 5-trimethy 1-5-diisocyanatomethy 1  cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI),  isocyanatomethyloctylene diisocyanates (TTI),  2,4  and/or  2,6-hexahydrotoluoylene  diisocyanate  (H$_{6}$TDI),  hexahydro-1,3 and/or 1,4-phenylene diisocyan~te  perhydro-2,4’ and/or 4,4’-diphenyl~eth~e dnsocyanate  (H$_{12}$MDI), and in general aromatic amme precursors or  the perhydrogenated carbamates, .  .  bis-isocyanatomethyl cyclohexanes (m particular 1,3 and  1,4) (BIC),  bis-isocyanatomethyl norbomanes (NBDI),  2-methylpentmnethylene diisocyanate (MPDI),  tetramethylxylylene diisocyanates (TMXDI!,  ..  lysine diisocyanate and also the esters oflysme dnsocyan- ate or triisocyanate (LDI or LTI),  2 4- and/or 2,6-toluoylene diisocyanate,  diphenylmethane-2,4’ and/or 4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI),  1,3- and/or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate,  triphenylmethane-4,4’,4"’-triisocyanate, and  the oligomers of MDI or TD  I.  .  .  17.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wher~m the  (poly)isocyanate comprises a (poly)isocyanate havmg an  average functionality in isocyanate groups at least equal to 2  and at most equal to 8.  .  .  18.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wherem the  (poly)isocyanate compounds are maske~.  .  19.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wherem the at  least a mobile hydrogen moiety which reacts with  t~~  (poly)  isocyanate during heat treatment is a polymer contaimng two  or more hydroxyl (alcohol or phenol) groups and/or thiol  groups and/or primary or secondary mnine groups ancl(or  containing epoxy or carbonate-type precursor groups wh~ch  release the hydroxyl groups by reacting w~th an nucleoph1le.  20.  The composition as defined by claim  9,  wherem the  (poly)isocyanate has a hexmnethylene diis_ocy~ate-based  aliphatic structure having isocyanate funct10nahty greater  than2.5%.  21.  The composition as defined by claim  11,  wherein_ the  amount of mninoplast resin( s) is from 15% by 25% by weight  based on the total weight of the composition without solvent  (% dry solids).  *  *  *  *  *  36.  A substrate coated with at least one crosslinked (poly)  isocyanate composition as defined by claim  9.  35.  The composition as defined by claim  32,  wherem the  polyol comprises an acrylic polyol having a number-average  molecular weight of from 134 to 50,000.  34.  The composition as defined by claim  32,  wherem the  polyol comprises a polyesterpolyol having a number-average  molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000..  .  33.  The composition as defined by claim  32,  wherem the  polyol has a functionality at least equal t~ 2.  .  32.  The composition as defined by claim  19,  wherem the at  least one compound carrying at least a mobile hydro~e~moi› ety comprises a polyol selected from the group cons1stmg of  acrylic, polyester and polyurethane poly1:1ers.  .  31.  The composition as defined by claim  18,  wherem the  masking agent of the (poly)isocyanate is sele~ted fro~ the  group consisting of a hydroxylamine, a hydr~zme, a !nazole  derivatives, the imidazole, a phenol, an amide, a hmdered  amine, a malonate, a ketoester, a hydroxyamate compounds  having hydroxyl or sulhydril groups, cyclohexanol and com- pounds having carboxylic acid groups. .  .  30.  The composition as defined by claim  18,  wherem the  (poly )isocyanate compounds are masked by a compound hav- ing at least a group carrying a labile hydr?gen.  .  29.  The composition as defined by claim  17,  wherein the  (poly)isocyanate have has a viscosity gr~ater t~an l_0 mPa~s,  at 25°  C. with 100% dry extract, and bemg sohd with 1001/o  dry solids.  .  .  28.  The composition as defined by claim  14,  wherem the  surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant in a neutralized  form.  27.  The composition as defined by claim  12,  wherem the  surfactant is an anionic agent having at least a group selected  from the group consisting of aryl sulphates, and/or alkyl  sulphates, aryl phosphates, alkyl phosphates, aryl phospho› nates, aryl phosphinates, aryl sulphonates, alkyl phospho- nates, alkyl phosphinates and alkyl sulph?nates.  .  26.  The composition as defined by claim  12,  wherem less  than 50% by mass of the surfactant is in a form bound to  (poly)isocyanate by a chemical bond.  .  .  25.  The composition as defined by claim  22,  wherein the  amount of catalyst(s) is from 0% to 0.5% by weight based on  the total weight of the composition without solvent (% dry  solids).  .  .  24.  The composition as defined by claim  11,  wherem at  least one of the following conditions is satisfied:  23.  The composition as defined by claim  ~1,  wherein !he  aminoplastic or mninoplast-type resin compnses? melmnme  formal and/or urea formal and/or benzoguanmnme formal- type resin.  .  .  22.  The composition as defined by claim  11,  further com- prising:  f) at least one catalyst for the reaction between the com› pound a) and the compound c), and/or at least o~e  strong-acid-type compound, or a latent form of s?1d  acid, as a catalyst for the reaction between the melmnme  and/or urea compounds or the derivatives thereof and the  true urethane or carbamate groups.  a) a ratio by weight of [(poly)isocyanate)l[set of resins  (polyester, aminoplast and masked poly1socyanate)] of  from 5% to 80% by weight;  b) a ratio by weight of surfactant/masked polyisocyanate of  from 0.1 % to 20%;  c) a level of neutralization of ionic surf~ct~t between  half-neutralization and complete neutrahzat10n when an  ionic surfactant is present.  mis 0 or an integer equal to 1 or to 2;  n is  O  or an integer of from 1 to 30;  p is an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3;  q is  O  or 1 ; and  s is  O  or an integer of from 1 to 30;  with the proviso that ifE is the carbon atom, then q is equal  to  O, mis 1 and Xi is a bond or a divalent radical selected  from among the group consisting of:  -Ai-, -Yi-, -Ai-Yi-, ---O-C(=0)---0- and -[C(O)m  co-)p]-.  .  .  . 