29. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) (c) Net fair values (d) Credit risk exposures 30. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES NOTES TO AND FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2000 Investments Cash and cash equivalents Trade debtors, other debtors and loans Trade creditors, other creditors and accruals The carrying amount approximates fair value. For investments where there is no quoted market price, a reasonable estimate of the fair value is calculated based on the underlying net asset base of the investment. The carrying amount approximates fair value. The carrying amount approximates fair value because of their short term to maturity. The following methods and assumptions are used to determine the net fair values of financial assets and liabilities: The aggregrate net fair values of financial assets and liabilities are identical to the carrying amount in the balance sheet. The economic entity’s maximum exposure to credit risk at balance date in relation to each class of recognised financial assets is the carrying amount of those assets as indicated in the balance sheet. As detailed in Note 11, the company has entered  into a deed of cross-guarantee with certain wholly- owned controlled entities. The total liabilities of  these wholly-owned controlled entities (excluding  amounts owed to the parent entity) for which  the Company is potentially liable are: Company 2000 1999 $ $ 18,447,843 15,578,523 61 ir