TABLE  EXAMPLE  US 2020/0352177 Al  18  Nov. 12, 2020  greater than 150°  C., more preferably greater than 160°  C.,  most preferably greater than 170°  C., but preferably below  200°  C., more preferably below 190°  C., most preferably  below 180°  C.  [0298]  A pancake batter was made up in accordance with  the recipe shown in the following table in which all propor› tions are percentage by weight, based on the total weight of  the batter unless stated to the contrary. After standing for five  minutes the mixture was fried for 90 seconds on a griddle at  177°  C. to make four pancakes, which were stacked. The  height of the stack was measured and compared with a  control without calcium chloride.  We claim:  12.  A leavening agent according to claim  5  wherein the  preservative is selected from sorbic acid, potassium sorbate,  sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, sulphur dioxide, sodium  sulphite, sodium bisulphite, sodium metabisulphite, potas› sium sulphite, potassium metabisulphite, potassium hydro› gen sulphite, calcium sulphite, calcium hydrogen sulphite,  propionic acid, sodium propionate, potassium propionate  and/or calcium propionate.  13.  A baking powder comprising a leavening agent  according to claim  1.  11.  A leavening agent according to claim  1  wherein the  acidulant comprises phosphorus oxyacids and/or their  mono-, di- and/or tri-basic salts such as SALP, SAPP,  phosphoric acid, mono- and/or di-sodium and/or potassium  phosphates, mono- and/or di-calcium phosphate and/or  organic acids and/or their acid salts such as MSC, glucono› delta-lactone, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic  acid, adipic acid, tartaric acid, mono sodium tartrate, citra› conic acid, aconitic acid, itaconic acid, mono potassium  citrate and/or tartrate, hydrolysed lactones and/or polylactic  acid and/or sodium aluminium sulphate  10.  A leavening agent according to claim  1  wherein the  Precipitant is calcium chloride.  9.  A leavening agent according to claim  1  wherein the  Precipitant is a salt of formic, acetic, fumaric, lactic, aco› nitic, itaconic, citraconic, tartaric, adipic, ascorbic, malic,  lactobionic, hydrochloric and/or sulphuric acid.  8.  A leavening agent according to claim  1  wherein the  alkaline earth metal is calcium and/or magnesium.  7.  A leavening agent according to any claim  1  wherein the  alkali metal bicarbonate is sodium and/or potassium bicar› bonate.  ( 4)  An  effective amount of a preservative.  5.  A leavening agent according to claim  1  comprising:  4.  A leavening agent comprising:  1.  A leavening agent comprising:  2.  A leavening agent comprising:  3.  A leavening agent comprising as components:  (1)  An  alkali metal or animonium bicarbonate;  (2) At least 0.1 and preferably at least 1 mole per mole of  bicarbonate of Precipitant optionally comprising a Pre› cipitating Acidulant; and  (3) Optionally an Acidulant; wherein (2) and (3) are  present in a total amount from 105 to 800% of the  stoichiometric amount that would be required to react  fully with (1) in a boiling aqueous solution.  (1) Alkali metal bicarbonate;  (2) A Precipitant and/or Precipitating Acidulant, in a total  proportion sufficient to provide from 1 to 8.8 g, and  preferably at least 1.1 g, Precipitating Cation per 100  mmol bicarbonate; and  (3)  An  Acidulant, which may be or may comprise said  Precipitating Acidulant, in a total proportion sufficient  to provide from 0.025 to 0.2 g Replaceable Hydrogen  per 100 mmol of bicarbonate.  (1)  An  alkali metal bicarbonate;  (2) A Precipitant; and;  (3) Optionally anAcidulant; wherein y>x+5 between x=0  and x=47.5, and between x=52.5 and 105; and y>80  between x=47.5 and x=52.5; where xis the amount of  sodium bicarbonate mmols per 100 mmols of the said  components that would remain after complete reaction  with any non-phosphate Acidulants present and y is the  amount of Precipitant in mmols per 100 mmols of the  said components.  Control  Example  Sugar  2.4  2.4  Salt  0.3  0.3  Wheat flour  37.3  37.3  Vegetable oil  4.6  4.6  Egg  11.7  11.7  Milk  42.0  42.0  Sodium bicarbonate  0.72  0.72  SAPP 28  0.98  0.15  SAPPl0  0.83  Calcium chloride  0.27  Stack height (nun)  58.35  69.22  Bake loss  11.9  6.2  (1) Alkali metal bicarbonate;  (2) A Precipitant and/or Precipitating Acidulant, in a total  proportion sufficient to provide c=from 25 to 200; and  (3)  An  Acidulant, which may be or may comprise said  Precipitating Acidulant, in a total proportion sufficient  to provide h=from 25 to 200, and preferably h+2c> 100;  where c is the total mmol Precipitating Cation per 100  mmol bicarbonate and his the total mmol hydrogen ion  per 100 mmol bicarbonate.  (1) Alkali metal bicarbonate;  (2)  An  Acidulant that forms a non-Water-Soluble calcium  or magnesium salt sufficient to provide more than 0.105  g Replaceable Hydrogen per 100 mmol bicarbonate;  (3) A Precipitant that is a water soluble salt of an alkaline  earth metal capable of precipitating or complexing with  said Acidulant with an acid that is stronger than said  Acidulant in an amount sufficient to provide a final pH  below 6.5 when the leavening agent is heated m a  bakery mix;  6.  A leavening agent according to claim  1  comprising:  (1) Alkali metal bicarbonate; an Acidulant that forms a  water insoluble calcium or magnesium salt sufficient to  provide more than 105 mmols replaceable hydrogen  per 100 mmols bicarbonate;  (2) A Precipitant that is a water soluble salt of an alkaline  earth metal capable of precipitating said Acidulant with  an acid which is stronger than said Acidulant in an  amount sufficient to provide a final pH below 6.5 when  the leavening agent is heated in a bakery mix; and  (3)  An  effective amount of a preservative. 