not comprise stabilizing the droplet by pickering emulsion for the purpose of forming a shell directly on the template droplet. Additionally, in various embodiments, the template does not comprise a monomer or an initiator. In various embodiments, the template does not comprise an ionic liquid. In various embodiments, the droplet comprises an oil droplet, an alkane droplet or combinations thereof. The droplet may comprise oil, silicone oil, hydrocarbon, alkane, pentane, hexane, dodecane, low-boiling alkane, organic solvent, non-polar solvent, low-boiling organic solvent, active including sensitive active (e.g. sensitive to free radical reactions), aroma, aroma oil, flavour, fragrance, perfume, drug, therapeutic, cosmetic, skin care substance, consumer care substance or combinations or mixtures or derivatives thereof. Accordingly, the method may further comprise a step of emulsifying one or more of the following to form the template: oil, silicone oil, hydrocarbon, alkane, pentane, hexane, dodecane, low-boiling alkane, organic solvent, non-polar solvent, low-boiling organic solvent, active including sensitive active (e.g. sensitive to free radical reactions), aroma, aroma oil, flavour, fragrance, perfume, drug, therapeutic, cosmetic, skin care substance, consumer care substance or combinations or mixtures or derivatives thereof. In various embodiments, the method further comprises a step of providing/adding a surfactant to stabilize the template prior to the addition of a shell precursor e.g. one or more of a silica precursor, a zirconia precursor or a titania precursor. The surfactant may comprise one or more properties described herein. In various embodiments, the method further comprises a step of evaporating the template from the at least one primary capsule to form a hollow capsule. The step of evaporating the template may comprise warming/heating the at least one primary capsule, optionally to a temperature that is close to the boiling point of the template. In various embodiments, evaporating the template