South Sudan is currently at war with at least seven armed groups. According to UN figures, the various conflicts affect nine of its ten states, with tens of thousands displaced. The fighters accuse the government of plotting to stay in power indefinitely, not fairly representing and supporting all tribal groups while neglecting development in rural areas.

Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) also operates in a wide area that includes South Sudan.

Egyptian conquest under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty
Rebellions
Al-Zubayr's trading empire
Republic of Sudan