"The voltage divider is formed using external resistors" R and R. The voltage across R forward biases the emitter junction. By proper selection of resistors R and R, the operating point of the transistor can be made independent of β. In this circuit, the voltage divider holds the base voltage fixed independent of base current provided the divider current is large compared to the base current. However, even with a fixed base voltage, collector current varies with temperature (for example) so an emitter resistor is added to stabilize the Q-point, similar to the above circuits with emitter resistor. The voltage divider configuration achieves the correct voltages by the use of resistors in certain patterns. By manipulating the resistors in certain ways you can achieve more stable current levels without having β value affect it too much.

In this circuit the base voltage is given by:

formula_40 voltage across formula_41 formula_42

Also formula_45

For the given circuit,

लाभ:

अलाभ:

which is approximately the case if

where R || R denotes the equivalent resistance of R and R connected in parallel.


उपयोग:

The circuit's stability and merits as above make it widely used for linear circuits.

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