Andorra could until 1993 be considered "de facto" to have been under dual French and Spanish rule due to the lack of clear division of powers while it was ruled by a Spanish bishop and the French president, according to a treaty. In 1278, the conflict between the French Count and the Catalan bishop was resolved by the signing of a pareage ("pariatges"), which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of La Seu d'Urgell (Catalonia, Spain). The pareage, a feudal institution recognizing the principle of equality of rights shared by two rulers, gave the small state its territory and political form.
Today Andorra is a co-principality with the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell, Spain as co-princes, in a duumvirate. अंडोरा को 1993 तक वास्तविक तथ्य माना जा सकता है क्योंकि शक्तियों के स्पष्ट विभाजन की कमी के कारण यह दोहरी फ्रांसीसी और स्पैनिश शासन था।


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