def calc_total_curvature_abc(bias, std_error, quadratic_coef):
    """
    Calculate the total curvature of the level surface of the weight vector,
    where the set of weights in the surface are those where the weighted MLE
    equals the original (i.e. the equal-weighted) MLE.

    Parameters
    ----------
    bias : 1D ndarray.
        Contains the approximate bias of the MLE estimates for use in the ABC
        confidence intervals.
    std_error : 1D ndarray.
        Contains the standard error of the MLE estimates for use in the ABC
        confidence intervals.
    quadratic_coef : 1D ndarray.
        Contains a measure of nonlinearity of the MLE estimation function as
        one moves in the 'least favorable direction.'

    Returns
    -------
    total_curvature : 1D ndarray of scalars.
        Denotes the total curvature of the level surface of the weight vector.

    References
    ----------
    Efron, Bradley, and Robert J. Tibshirani. An Introduction to the Bootstrap.
        CRC press, 1994. Section 22.6. Equation 22.39.
    """
    total_curvature = (bias / std_error) - quadratic_coef
    return total_curvature