def actions_side_effect(state):
    """ Side effect for actions, returns the actions available for a given state

    :param state: the current state
    :return: actions available for the given state
    """
    match state:
        case "a":
            val = ["a1", "a2", "a3"]
        case "b":
            val = ["b1", "b2", "b3"]
        case "c":
            val = ["c1", "c2", "c3"]
        case "d":
            val = ["d1", "d2", "d3"]
        case _:
            val = []  # Cases e-m are leaves, so should have no possible actions
    return val