Constraints from CMB on Spacetime Noncommutativity and Causality   Violation
  We try to constrain the noncommutativity length scale of the theoretical model given in Ref. [1] using the observational data from ACBAR, CBI and five year WMAP. The noncommutativity parameter is not constrained by WMAP data, however ACBAR and CBI data restrict the lower bound of its energy scale to be around 10 TeV. We also derive an expression for the amount of non-causality coming from spacetime noncommutativity for the fields of primordial scalar perturbations that are space-like separated. The amount of causality violation for these field fluctuations are direction dependent. 
Earnest Akofor, A. P. Balachandran, Anosh Joseph, Larne Pekowsky,   Babar A. Qureshi