PACS-CS results for 2+1 flavor lattice QCD simulation on and off the   physical point
  We report on the PACS-CS project focusing on a direct simulation of 2+1 flavor QCD on the physical point and chiral analysis of meson and baryon masses off the physical point with both the SU(2) and SU(3) chiral perturbation theories. Configurations are generated with the O(a)-improved Wilson quark action and the Iwasaki gauge action. The up-down quark is simulated by employing the DDHMC algorithm with several improvements and the UV-filtered PHMC algorithm is implemented for the strange quark. We investigate the convergence behaviors of the SU(2) and SU(3) chiral expansions up to NLO for the pseudoscalar meson sector, where the up-down quark mass ranges from 3 MeV to 24 MeV and the strange quark mass is chosen around the physical value. The fit results for the low energy constants are compared with those recently obtained by other groups. We also discuss the importance of the direct simulation at the physical point by comparing the physical quantities measured on the physical point with those estimated by the extrapolation method. 
Yoshinobu Kuramashi