New Lower Bounds on Sizes of Permutation Arrays
  A permutation array(or code) of length $n$ and distance $d$, denoted by $(n,d)$ PA, is a set of permutations $C$ from some fixed set of $n$ elements such that the Hamming distance between distinct members $\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}\in C$ is at least $d$. Let $P(n,d)$ denote the maximum size of an $(n,d)$ PA. This correspondence focuses on the lower bound on $P(n,d)$. First we give three improvements over the Gilbert-Varshamov lower bounds on $P(n,d)$ by applying the graph theorem framework presented by Jiang and Vardy. Next we show another two new improved bounds by considering the covered balls intersections. Finally some new lower bounds for certain values of $n$ and $d$ are given. 
Lizhen Yang, Kefei Chen, Luo Yuan