Sketching and Streaming Entropy via Approximation Theory
  We conclude a sequence of work by giving near-optimal sketching and streaming algorithms for estimating Shannon entropy in the most general streaming model, with arbitrary insertions and deletions. This improves on prior results that obtain suboptimal space bounds in the general model, and near-optimal bounds in the insertion-only model without sketching. Our high-level approach is simple: we give algorithms to estimate Renyi and Tsallis entropy, and use them to extrapolate an estimate of Shannon entropy. The accuracy of our estimates is proven using approximation theory arguments and extremal properties of Chebyshev polynomials, a technique which may be useful for other problems. Our work also yields the best-known and near-optimal additive approximations for entropy, and hence also for conditional entropy and mutual information. 
Nicholas J. A. Harvey, Jelani Nelson, Krzysztof Onak