Electric and magnetic field optimization procedure for Penning trap mass   spectrometers
  Significant systematic errors in high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometry can result from electric and magnetic field imperfections. An experimental procedure to minimize these uncertainties is presented for the on-line Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP, located at ISOLDE/CERN. The deviations from the ideal magnetic and electric fields are probed by measuring the cyclotron frequency and the reduced cyclotron frequency, respectively, of stored ions as a function of the time between the ejection of ions from the preparation trap and their capture in the precision trap, which influences the energy of their axial motion. The correction parameters are adjusted to minimize the frequency shifts. 
D. Beck, K. Blaum, G. Bollen, P. Delahaye, S. George, C. Guenaut, F.   Herfurth, A. Herlert, D. Lunney, L. Schweikhard, C. Y...