Features of formation of the Al-Cu single crystals structure under the   action of pressure and gravitational field on the crystallization process
  X-ray structural and spectral analyses, X-ray diffraction topography and metallography were used to study dendrite structure of Al-4 wt % Cu single crystals grown by the Bridgman technique at a rate of 1 mm/min and on seeds with <001> orientation. The single crystals were obtained upon the crystallization of the melt under the action of a pressure and the gravitational-field component directed along the surface of the crystallization front. Non-uniform distribution of copper in the solid solution and the eutectic content has been found in transverse section of single crystals and strong increase in their concentration was observed at the lateral side of the samples in the direction of the gravitational-field component action. Distribution of copper and the eutectic phase depend on pressure. 
V. O. Esin, A. S. Krivonosova, I. Zh. Sattybaev, L. V. Elokhina, T. G.   Fedorova