Characterization of turbulence in inhomogeneous anisotropic flows
  We introduce a global quantity $\delta$ that characterizes turbulent fluctuations in inhomogeneous anisotropic flows. This time-dependent quantity is based on spatial averages of global velocity fields rather than classical temporal averages of local velocities. $\delta(t)$ provides a useful quantitative characterization of any turbulent flow through generally only two parameters, its time average $\bar \delta$ and its variance $\delta_2$. Properties of $\bar \delta$ and $\delta_2$ are experimentally studied in the typical case of the von K\'arm\'an flow and used to characterize the scale by scale energy budget as a function of the forcing mode as well as the transition between two flow topologies. 
Pierre-Philippe Cortet, Pantxo Diribarne, Romain Monchaux, Arnaud   Chiffaudel, Francois Daviaud, Berengere Dubrulle