RF-MEMS beam components : FEM modelling and experimental identification   of pull-in in presence of residual stress
  In this paper an experimental validation of numerical approaches aimed to predict the coupled behaviour of microbeams for out-of-plane bending tests is performed. This work completes a previous investigation concerning in plane microbeams bending. Often out-of-plane microcantilevers and clamped-clamped microbeams suffer the presence of residual strain and stress, which affect the value of pull-in voltage. In case of microcantilever an accurate modelling includes the effect of the initial curvature due to microfabrication. In double clamped microbeams a preloading applied by tensile stress is considered. Geometrical onlinearity caused by mechanical coupling between axial and flexural behaviour is detected and modelled. Experimental results demonstrate a good agreement between FEM approaches proposed and tests. A fairly fast and accurate prediction of pull-in condition is performed, thus numerical models can be used to identify residual stress in microbridges by reverse analysis from the measured value of pull-in voltage. 
Alberto Ballestra, Eugenio Brusa, Giorgio De Pasquale, Mircea Gh.   Munteanu, Aurelio Som\`a