The role of $N^{*}(1535)$ in $\eta '$ production
  We study the near-threshold $\eta '$ production mechanism in nucleon-nucleon and $\pi N$ collisions under the assumption that sub-threshold resonance $N^{*}(1535)$ is predominant. In an effective Lagrangian approach which gives a reasonable description to the $pN \to pN \eta$ and $\pi p \to p \eta$ reactions, it is found that t-channel $\pi$ exchange make the dominate contribution to the $pN \to pN \eta '$ process, and a value of 6.5 for the ratio of $\sigma (pn \to pn \eta ')$ to $\sigma (pp \to pp \eta ')$ is predicted. A strong coupling strength of $N^{*}(1535)$ to $\eta ' N$ ($g_{\eta ' NN^*}^2 /4\pi = 1.1$) is extracted from a combined analysis to $pp \to pp \eta '$ and $\pi N \to N \eta '$, and the possible implication to the intrinsic component of $N^{*}(1535)$ is explored. 
Xu Cao, Xi-Guo Lee