Josephson Current and Noise at a Superconductor-Quantum Spin Hall   Insulator-Superconductor Junction
  We study junctions between superconductors mediated by the edge states of a quantum spin Hall insulator. We show that such junctions exhibit a fractional Josephson effect, in which the current phase relation has a 4\pi, rather than a 2\pi periodicity. This effect is a consequence of the conservation of fermion parity - the number of electrons modulo 2 - in a superconducting junction, and is closely related to the Z_2 topological structure of the quantum spin Hall insulator. Inelastic processes, which violate the conservation of fermion parity, lead to telegraph noise in the equilibrium supercurrent. We predict that the low frequency noise due these processes diverges exponentially with temperature T as T -> 0. Possible experiments on HgCdTe quantum wells will be discussed. 
Liang Fu and C.L. Kane