Saturation of $E_T/N_{ch}$ and Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion   Collisions
  The pseudorapidity densities of transverse energy, the charged particle multiplicity and their ratios, $E_T/N_{ch}$, are estimated at mid-rapidity, in a statistical-thermal model based on chemical freeze-out criteria, for a wide range of energies from GSI-AGS-SPS to RHIC. It has been observed that in nucleus-nucleus collisions, $E_T/N_{ch}$ increases rapidly with beam energy and remains approximately constant at about a value of 800 MeV for beam energies from SPS to RHIC. $E_T/N_{ch}$ has been observed to be almost independent of centrality at all measured energies. The statistical-thermal model describes the energy dependence as well as the centrality independence, qualitatively well. The values of $E_T/N_{ch}$ are related to the chemical freeze-out criterium, $E/N \approx 1 GeV$ valid for primordial hadrons. We have studied the variation of the average mass $(<MASS>), N_{decays}/N_{primordial}, N_{ch}/N_{decays}$ and $E_T/N_{ch}$ with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ for all freeze-out criteria discussed in literature. These observables show saturation around SPS and higher $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, like the chemical freeze-out temperature ($T_{ch}$). 
J. Cleymans (UCT-CERN Research Centre, University of Cape Town, SA),   R. Sahoo (SUBATECH, France & Institute of Physics, Bh...