Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture for pseudodifferential perturbation
  We consider a periodic pseudodifferential operator $H=(-\Delta)^l+A$ ($l>0$) in $\R^d$ which satisfies the following conditions: (i) the symbol of $H$ is smooth in $x$, and (ii) the perturbation $A$ has order smaller than $2l-1$. Under these assumptions, we prove that the spectrum of $H$ contains a half-line. 
G. Barbatis, L. Parnovski