Protection Schemes for Two Link Failures in Optical Networks
  In this paper we develop network protection schemes against two link failures in optical networks. The motivation behind this work is the fact that the majority of all available links in an optical network suffer from single and double link failures. In the proposed network protection schemes, NPS2-I and NPS2-II, we deploy network coding and reduced capacity on the working paths to provide backup protection paths. In addition, we demonstrate the encoding and decoding aspects of the proposed schemes. 
Salah A. Aly, Ahmed E. Kamal