Shape Fitting on Point Sets with Probability Distributions
  A typical computational geometry problem begins: Consider a set P of n points in R^d. However, many applications today work with input that is not precisely known, for example when the data is sensed and has some known error model. What if we do not know the set P exactly, but rather we have a probability distribution mu_p governing the location of each point p in P?   Consider a set of (non-fixed) points P, and let mu_P be the probability distribution of this set. We study several measures (e.g. the radius of the smallest enclosing ball, or the area of the smallest enclosing box) with respect to mu_P. The solutions to these problems do not, as in the traditional case, consist of a single answer, but rather a distribution of answers. We describe several data structures that approximate distributions of answers for shape fitting problems.   We provide simple and efficient randomized algorithms for computing all of these data structures, which are easy to implement and practical. We provide some experimental results to assert this. We also provide more involved deterministic algorithms for some of these data structures that run in time polynomial in n and 1/eps, where eps is the approximation factor. 
Maarten Loffler and Jeff M. Phillips