On the Optimization of the IEEE 802.11 DCF: A Cross-Layer Perspective
  This paper is focused on the problem of optimizing the aggregate throughput of the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) employing the basic access mechanism at the data link layer of IEEE 802.11 protocols. In order to broaden the applicability of the proposed analysis, we consider general operating conditions accounting for both non-saturated and saturated traffic in the presence of transmission channel errors, as exemplified by the packet error rate $P_e$.   The main clue of this work stems from the relation that links the aggregate throughput of the network to the packet rate $\lambda$ of the contending stations. In particular, we show that the aggregate throughput $S(\lambda)$ presents two clearly distinct operating regions that depend on the actual value of the packet rate $\lambda$ with respect to a critical value $\lambda_c$, theoretically derived in this work.   The behavior of $S(\lambda)$ paves the way to a cross-layer optimization algorithm, which proved to be effective for maximizing the aggregate throughput in a variety of network operating conditions. A nice consequence of the proposed optimization framework relies on the fact that the aggregate throughput can be predicted quite accurately with a simple, yet effective, closed-form expression, which is also derived in the article.   Finally, theoretical and simulation results are presented throughout the work in order to unveil, as well as verify, the key ideas. 
Massimiliano Laddomada and Fabio Mesiti