Alkaline-Earth-Metal Atoms as Few-Qubit Quantum Registers
  We propose and analyze a novel approach to quantum information processing, in which multiple qubits can be encoded and manipulated using electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom associated with individual alkaline-earth atoms trapped in an optical lattice. Specifically, we describe how the qubits within each register can be individually manipulated and measured with sub-wavelength optical resolution. We also show how such few-qubit registers can be coupled to each other in optical superlattices via conditional tunneling to form a scalable quantum network. Finally, potential applications to quantum computation and precision measurements are discussed. 
Alexey V. Gorshkov, Ana Maria Rey, Andrew J. Daley, Martin M. Boyd,   Jun Ye, Peter Zoller, Mikhail D. Lukin