Primary gas thermometry by means of laser-absorption spectroscopy:   Determination of the Boltzmann constant
  We report on a new optical implementation of primary gas thermometry based on laser absorption spectrometry in the near infrared. The method consists in retrieving the Doppler broadening from highly accurate observations of the line shape of the R(12) $\nu_{1} + 2 \nu_{2}^{\phantom{1}0} + \nu_{3}$ transition in CO$_{2}$ gas at thermodynamic equilibrium. Doppler width measurements as a function of gas temperature, ranging between the triple point of water and the gallium melting point, allowed for a spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant with a relative accuracy of $\sim1.6\times10^{-4}$. 
G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di   Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani