Time-dependent Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of an Out-of-Equilibrium   Soft Material
  We investigate the time-dependent nonlinear optical absorption of a clay dispersion (Laponite) in organic dye (Rhodamine B) water solution displaying liquid-arrested state transition. Specifically, we determine the characteristic time $\tau_D$ of the nonlinear susceptibility build-up due as to the Soret effect. By comparing $\tau_D$ with the relaxation time provided by standard dynamic light scattering measurements we report on the decoupling of the two collective diffusion times at the two very different length scales during the aging of the out-of-equilibrium system. With this demonstration experiment we also show the potentiality of nonlinear optics measurements in the study of the late stage of arrest in soft materials. 
Neda Ghofraniha, Claudio Conti, Giancarlo Ruocco and Francesco Zamponi