Photovoltage Dynamics of the Hydroxylated Si(111) Surface Investigated   by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
  We present a novel method to measure transient photovoltage at nanointerfaces using ultrafast electron diffraction. In particular, we report our results on the photoinduced electronic excitations and their ensuing relaxations in a hydroxyl-terminated silicon surface, a standard substrate for fabricating molecular electronics interfaces. The transient surface voltage is determined by observing Coulomb refraction changes induced by the modified space-charge barrier within a selectively probed volume by femtosecond electron pulses. The results are in agreement with ultrafast photoemission studies of surface state charging, suggesting a charge relaxation mechanism closely coupled to the carrier dynamics near the surface that can be described by a drift-diffusion model. This study demonstrates a newly implemented ultrafast diffraction method for investigating interfacial processes, with both charge and structure resolution. 
Ryan A. Murdick, Ramani K. Raman, Yoshie Murooka, Chong-Yu Ruan