Graphene/Ni(111) System: Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Studies
  Here we report spin- and angle-resolved photoemission studies of the inert graphene layer formed on the surface of a ferromagnetic material, Ni(111). X-ray photoemission and spin-resolved spectroscopy of secondary electrons reveal that graphene behaves like a protection layer on the Ni(111) surface preventing its reaction with adsorbed oxygen. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of $\pi$ states of graphene on Ni(111) shows a strong dependence of binding energy of these states on the direction of magnetization of the sample. We conclude that the observed extraordinary high "splitting" up to 225 meV of the $\pi$ band in the graphene layer is a manifes-tation of the Rashba effect which provides a direct possibility to a flexible control of an electron spin in a graphene-based spin-FET. 
Yu. S. Dedkov, M. Fonin, U. R\"udiger, and C. Laubschat