A biomechanical model of the face including muscles for the prediction   of deformations during speech production
  A 3D biomechanical finite element model of the face is presented. Muscles are represented by piece-wise uniaxial tension cable elements linking the insertion points. Such insertion points are specific entities differing from nodes of the finite element mesh, which makes possible to change either the mesh or the muscle implementation totally independently of each other. Lip/teeth and upper lip/lower lip contacts are also modeled. Simulations of smiling and of an Orbicularis Oris activation are presented and interpreted. The importance of a proper account of contacts and of an accurate anatomical description is shown 
Julie Groleau (TIMC), Matthieu Chabanas (TIMC), Christophe Marecaux   (TIMC), Natacha Payrard, Brice Segaud, Michel Rochette...