Determination of phase noise spectra in optoelectronic microwave   oscillators: a Langevin approach
  We introduce a stochastic model for the determination of phase noise in optoelectronic oscillators. After a short overview of the main results for the phase diffusion approach in autonomous oscillators, an extension is proposed for the case of optoelectronic oscillators where the microwave is a limit-cycle originated from a bifurcation induced by nonlinearity and time-delay. This Langevin approach based on stochastic calculus is also successfully confronted with experimental measurements. 
Yanne Kouomou Chembo, Kirill Volyanskiy, Laurent Larger, Enrico   Rubiola and Pere Colet