Polaronic Pseudogap in the Metallic Phase of   La$_{0.625}$Ca$_{0.375}$MnO$_3$ Thin Films
  The electronic density of states (DOS) of La$_{0.625}$Ca$_{0.375}$MnO$_3$(LCMO) strain free epitaxial thin films with an insulator-metal transition temperature (T$_{IM}$) of 250 K was probed using variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We find a depression in the DOS with a finite zero bias conductance (ZBC) signifying a pseudogap (PG) in 78-310 K temperature range. With cooling, the ZBC is found to increase indicating an increased DOS near E$_F$. We interpret PG as a signature of Jahn-Teller polarons while ZBC change, in agreement with the bulk insulator-metal transition, optical Drude peak, and photoemission experiments indicates the presence of free carriers at the Fermi energy in the metallic phase. The free carriers are discussed in terms of correlated polaronic states. 
Udai Raj Singh, S. Chaudhuri, R. C. Budhani, and Anjan K. Gupta