Kinesin and the Crooks fluctuation theorem
  The thermal efficiency of the kinesin cycle at stalling is presently a matter of some debate, with published predictions ranging from 0 (A. W. C. Lau, D. Lacoste and K. Mallick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 158102 (2007); D. Lacoste, A. W. C. Lau and K. Mallick, Phys. Rev. E78, 011915 (2008)) to 100% (G. Oster and H. Wang, in Molecular Motors, edited by M. Schliwa (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (2003), p. 207). In this note we attemp to clarify the issues involved. We also find an upper bound on the kinesin efficieny by constructing an ideal kinesin cycle to which the real cycle may be compared. The ideal cycle has a thermal efficiency of less than one, and the real one is less efficient than the ideal one always, in compliance with Carnot's theorem. 
E. Calzetta