Phase Fluctuations in High Temperature Superconductors
  Within the phase fluctuation picture for the pseudogap state of a high-$T_{c}$ superconductor, we incorporate the phase fluctuations generated by the classical XY model with the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism utilizing a field-theoretical method. This picture delineates the inhomogeneous characteristics of local order parameters observed in high-$T_{c}$ superconductors above $T_{c}$. We also compute the local density of states near a non-magnetic impurity with a strong scattering potential. The resonance peak smoothly evolves as temperature increases through $T_{c}$ without showing any sudden broadening, which is consistent with recent experimental findings. 
Wonkee Kim, Yan Chen, and C. S. Ting