Security Measures for Black Hole Attack in MANET: An Approach
  A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes that are dynamically and arbitrarily located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. One of these attacks is the Black Hole Attack. In this paper, we give an algorithmic approach to focus on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is on ensuring the security against Black hole attack. The proposed solution is capable of detecting & removing Black hole node(s) in the MANET at the beginning. Also the objective of this paper is to provide a simulation study that illustrates the effects of Black hole attack on network performance. 
Rajib Das, Bipul Syam Purkayastha and Prodipto Das
cs.NI