Probing the Scattering of Equivalent Electroweak Bosons
  We analyze the kinematic conditions under which the scattering of equivalent massive spin-1 vector bosons factorizes out of the complete process. In practice, we derive the conditions for the validity of the effective W approximation, proposed long ago but never established on a firm basis. We also present a parametric estimate of the corrections to the approximation and explicitly check its validity in two examples. 
Pascal Borel, Roberto Franceschini, Riccardo Rattazzi and Andrea   Wulzer
hep-ph