Stabilizing effect of flexibility in the wake of a flapping foil
  The wake of a flexible foil undergoing pitching oscillations in a low-speed hydrodynamic tunnel is used to examine the effect of chord-wise foil flexibility in the dynamical features of flapping-based propulsion. We compare the regime transitions in the wake with respect to the case of a rigid foil and show that foil flexibility inhibits the symmetry breaking of the reverse B\'enard-von K\'arm\'an wake reported in the literature. A momentum balance calculation shows the average thrust to be up to three times greater for the flexible foil than for the rigid foil. We explain both of these observations by analyzing the vortex dynamics in the very near wake. 
Catherine Marais, Benjamin Thiria, Jos\'e Eduardo Wesfreid and Ramiro   Godoy-Diana
physics.flu-dyn