Observation and measurement of "giant" dispersive optical   non-linearities in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms
  We observe and measure dispersive optical non-linearities in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms placed inside an optical cavity. The experimental results are in agreement with a simple model where the optical non-linearities are due to the progressive appearance of a Rydberg blockaded volume within the medium. The measurements allow a direct estimation of the "blockaded fraction" of atoms within the atomic ensemble. 
Valentina Parigi, Erwan Bimbard, Jovica Stanojevic, Andrew J.   Hilliard, Florence Nogrette, Rosa Tualle-Brouri, Alexei Ourj...
physics.atom-ph quant-ph