Absence of `fragility' and mechanical response of jammed granular   materials
  We perform molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of frictional non-thermal particles driven by an externally applied shear stress. After the system jams following a transient flow, we probe its mechanical response in order to clarify whether the resulting solid is 'fragile'. We find the system to respond elastically and isotropically to small perturbations of the shear stress, suggesting absence of fragility. These results are interpreted in terms of the energy landscape of dissipative systems. For the same values of the control parameters, we check the behaviour of the system during a stress cycle. Increasing the maximum stress value, a crossover from a visco-elastic to a plastic regime is observed. 
Raffaele Pastore, Massimo Pica Ciamarra, Antonio Coniglio
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech