Evaluation of Measurement Comparisons Using Generalised Least Squares:   the Role of Participants' Estimates of Systematic Error
  We consider the evaluation of laboratory practice through the comparison of measurements made by participating metrology laboratories when the measurement procedures are considered to have both fixed effects (the residual error due to unrecognised sources of error) and random effects (drawn from a distribution of known variance after correction for all known systematic errors). We show that, when estimating the participant fixed effects, the random effects described can be ignored. We also derive the adjustment to the variance estimates of the participant fixed effects due to these random effects. 
John F Clare, Annette Koo, Robert B Davies
stat.AP physics.data-an