Boundary control of elliptic solutions to enforce local constraints
  We present a constructive method to devise boundary conditions for solutions of second-order elliptic equations so that these solutions satisfy specific qualitative properties such as: (i) the norm of the gradient of one solution is bounded from below by a positive constant in the vicinity of a finite number of prescribed points; and (ii) the determinant of gradients of $n$ solutions is bounded from below in the vicinity of a finite number of prescribed points. Such constructions find applications in recent hybrid medical imaging modalities.   The methodology is based on starting from a controlled setting in which the constraints are satisfied and continuously modifying the coefficients in the second-order elliptic equation. The boundary condition is evolved by solving an ordinary differential equation (ODE) defined so that appropriate optimality conditions are satisfied. Unique continuations and standard regularity results for elliptic equations are used to show that the ODE admits a solution for sufficiently long times. 
Guillaume Bal and Matias Courdurier
math.AP math.OC