Global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of internal kink   instabilities
  Internal kink instabilities have been studied in straight tokamak geometry employing an electromagnetic gyrokinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The ideal-MHD internal kink mode and the collisionless $m = 1$ tearing mode have been successfully simulated with the PIC code. Diamagnetic effects on the internal kink modes have also been investigated. 
Alexey Mishchenko and Alessandro Zocco
physics.plasm-ph