Measuring Lagrangian accelerations using an instrumented particle
  Accessing and characterizing a flow impose a number of constraints on the employed measurement techniques; in particular optical methods require transparent fluids and windows in the vessel. Whereas one can adapt apparatus, fluid and methods in the lab to these constraints, this is hardly possible for industrial mixers. We present in this article a novel measurement technique which is suitable for opaque or granular flows: an instrumented particle, which continuously transmits the force/acceleration acting on it as it is advected in a flow. Its density is adjustable for a wide range of fluids and because of its small size and its wireless data transmission, the system can be used both in industrial and scientific mixers allowing a better understanding of the flow within. We demonstrate the capabilities and precision of the particle by comparing its transmitted acceleration to alternative measurements, in particular in the case of a turbulent von K\'arm\'an flow. Our technique shows to be an efficient and fast tool to characterize flows. 
Robert Zimmermann and Lionel Fiabane and Yoann Gasteuil and Romain   Volk and Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Pinton
physics.flu-dyn physics.ins-det