Homogenization of a catalyst layer model for periodically distributed   pore geometries in PEM fuel cells
  We formally derive an effective catalyst layer model comprising the reduction of oxygen for periodically distributed pore geometries. By assumption, the pores are completely filled with water and the surrounding walls consist of catalyst particles which are attached to an electron conducting microstructure. The macroscopic transport equations are established by a multi-scale approach, based on microscopic phenomena at the pore level, and serve as a first step toward future optimization of catalyst layer designs. 
Markus Schmuck and Peter Berg
math-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci math.MP physics.chem-ph