Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Two-Way Relaying: Optimal   Preamble and Estimator Design
  We consider the problem of carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for a two-way relaying system based on the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. Our contributions are in designing an optimal preamble, and the corresponding estimator, to closely achieve the minimum Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the CFO. This optimality is asserted with respect to the novel class of preambles, referred to as the block-rotated preambles (BRPs). This class includes the periodic preamble that is used widely in practice, yet it provides an additional degree of design freedom via a block rotation angle. We first identify the catastrophic scenario of an arbitrarily large CRB when a conventional periodic preamble is used. We next resolve this problem by using a BRP with a non-zero block rotation angle. This angle creates, in effect, an artificial frequency offset that separates the desired relayed signal from the self-interference that is introduced in the AF protocol. With appropriate optimization, the CRB incurs only marginal loss from one-way relaying under practical channel conditions. To facilitate implementation, a specific low-complexity class of estimators is examined, and conditions for the estimators to achieve the optimized CRB is established. Numerical results are given which corroborate with theoretical findings. 
Chin Keong Ho, Patrick Ho Wang Fung, and Sumei Sun
cs.IT math.IT