A dual order parameter from fundamentally colour charged matter
  The center phase transition of QCD and of fundamentally charged scalar QCD at non-vanishing temperature is investigated within a Dyson-Schwinger approach. The temperature dependence of the scalar/quark propagator is studied with generalized boundary conditions. A novel order parameter for the center phase transition is established which still exhibits a considerable dependence on the scalar/quark-gluon vertex. 
Markus Hopfer, Mario Mitter, Bernd-Jochen Schaefer, Reinhard Alkofer
hep-ph hep-th