Condensate Structure of D-particle Induced Flavour Vacuum
  It is argued that four Fermi interactions induced by non-perturbative effects due to scattering of stringy matter from D-particles, D-instantons and more generally bulk gauge fields in models with large extra dimensions have in specific situations condensate structure described by flavour vacua. 
Nick E. Mavromatos, Sarben Sarkar, Walter Tarantino
hep-ph hep-th