Local Gating of an Ir(111) Surface Resonance by Graphene Islands
  The influence of graphene islands on the electronic structure of the Ir(111) surface is investigated. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) indicates the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas with a binding energy of -160meV and an effective mass of -0.18m_e underneath single-layer graphene on the Ir(111) surface. Density functional calculations reveal that the STS features are predominantly due to a holelike surface resonance of the Ir(111) substrate. Nanometer-sized graphene islands act as local gates, which shift and confine the surface resonance. 
S. J. Altenburg and J. Kr\"oger and T. O. Wehling and B. Sachs and A.   I. Lichtenstein and R. Berndt
cond-mat.mes-hall