Enhanced nonlinear response of Ne$^{8+}$ to intense ultrafast x rays
  We investigate the possible reasons for the discrepancy between the theoretical two-photon ionization cross section, $\sim 10^{-56}$ $\text{cm}^4 \text{s}$, of Ne$^{8+}$ obtained within the perturbative nonrelativistic framework for monochromatic light [J. Phys. B {\bf 34}, 4857 (2001)] and the experimental value, $7 \times 10^{-54}$ $\text{cm}^4 \text{s}$, reported in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 106}, 083002 (2011)] at a photon energy of 1110 eV. To this end, we consider Ne$^{8+}$ exposed to deterministic and chaotic ensembles of intense x-ray pulses. The time-dependent configuration-interaction singles (TDCIS) method is used to quantitatively describe nonlinear ionization of Ne$^{8+}$ induced by coherent intense ultrashort x-ray laser pulses. The impact of the bandwidth of a chaotic ensemble of x-ray pulses on the effective two-photon ionization cross section is studied within the lowest nonvanishing order of perturbation theory. We find that, at a bandwidth of 11 eV, the effective two-photon ionization cross section of Ne$^{8+}$ at a photon energy of 1110 eV amounts to $5 \times 10^{-57}$ and $1.6 \times 10^{-55}$ $\text{cm}^4 \text{s}$ for a deterministic ensemble and a chaotic ensemble, respectively. We show that the enhancement obtained for a chaotic ensemble of pulses originates from the presence of the one-photon 1$s^2$--1$s4p$ resonance located at 1127 eV. Using the TDCIS approach, we also show that, for currently available radiation intensities, two-photon ionization of a 1$s$ electron in neutral neon remains less probable than one-photon ionization of a valence electron. 
Arina Sytcheva, Stefan Pabst, Sang-Kil Son and Robin Santra
physics.atom-ph