General BER Expression for One-Dimensional Constellations
  A novel general ready-to-use bit-error rate (BER) expression for one-dimensional constellations is developed. The BER analysis is performed for bit patterns that form a labeling. The number of patterns for equally spaced M-PAM constellations with different BER is analyzed. 
Mikhail Ivanov, Fredrik Br\"annstr\"om, Alex Alvarado, and Erik Agrell
cs.IT math.IT