On evaluation of the mean service cycle time in tandem queueing systems
  The problem of exact evaluation of the mean service cycle time in tandem systems of single-server queues with both infinite and finite buffers is considered. It is assumed that the interarrival and service times of customers form sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables with known mean values. We start with tandem queues with infinite buffers, and show that under the above assumptions, the mean cycle time exists. Furthermore, if the random variables which represent interarrival and service times have finite variance, the mean cycle time can be calculated as the maximum out from the mean values of these variables. Finally, obtained results are extended to evaluation of the mean cycle time in particular tandem systems with finite buffers and blocking. 
N. K. Krivulin, V. B. Nevzorov
math.OC math.PR