Particle production and dissipation caused by the Kaluza-Klein tower
  Two-step dissipation is studied in supersymmetric models in which the field in motion couples to bulk fields in the higher dimensional space. Since the Kaluza-Klein tower of the intermediate field changes its mass-spectrum during the evolution, there could be back-reaction from the tower. Then the system may eventually cause significant dissipation of the kinetic energy if the tower is coupled to light fields in the thermal bath. To see what happens in the higher dimensional theory, we consider three models for the scenario, which are carefully prepared. In these models the extension is obvious but it does not disturb the original set-ups. The third model suggests that the evolution of the volume moduli may feel significant friction from the Kaluza-Klein tower. 
Tomohiro Matsuda
hep-th astro-ph.CO hep-ph