Characteristics of Minimal Effective Programming Systems
  The Rogers semilattice of effective programming systems (epses) is the collection of all effective numberings of the partial computable functions ordered such that \theta\ is less than or equal to \psi\ whenever \theta-programs can be algorithmically translated into \psi-programs. Herein, it is shown that an eps \psi\ is minimal in this ordering if and only if, for each translation function t into \psi, there exists a computably enumerable equivalence relation (ceer) R such that (i) R is a subrelation of \psi's program equivalence relation, and (ii) R equates each \psi-program to some program in the range of t. It is also shown that there exists a minimal eps for which no single such R does the work for all such t. In fact, there exists a minimal eps \psi\ such that, for each ceer R, either R contradicts \psi's program equivalence relation, or there exists a translation function t into \psi\ such that the range of t fails to intersect infinitely many of R's equivalence classes. 
Samuel E. Moelius III
cs.LO