Laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) method appropriate to crystal   growth of incongruently melting materials
  We have developed the laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) method, in order to improve the broad and inhomogeneous light focusing in the conventional lamp-heated floating zone method, which often causes difficulties in the crystal growth especially for the incongruently melting materials. We have simulated the light focusing properties of the LDFZ method to make irradiated light homogeneous and restricted mostly to the molten zone. We have designed and assembled an LDFZ furnace, and have demonstrated how it works through actual crystal growth. The method is applicable to various kinds of materials, and enables stable and reproducible crystal growth even for the incongruently melting materials. We have succeeded in the crystal growth of representative incongruently melting materials such as BiFeO3 and (La,Ba)2CuO4, which are difficult to grow by the conventional method. Tolerance to the decentering of the sample and highly efficient heating are also established in the LDFZ method. 
Toshimitsu Ito, Tomoharu Ushiyama, Yuji Yanagisawa, Yasuhide Tomioka,   Isamu Shindo, and Atsushi Yanase
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con