Metastability in pressure-induced structural transformations of CdSe/ZnS   core/shell nanocrystals
  The kinetics and thermodynamics of structural transformations under pressure depend strongly on particle size due to the influence of surface free energy. By suitable design of surface structure, composition, and passivation it is possible, in principle, to prepare nanocrystals in structures inaccessible to bulk materials. However, few realizations of such extreme size-dependent behavior exist. Here we show with molecular dynamics computer simulation that in a model of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals the core high pressure structure can be made metastable under ambient conditions by tuning the thickness of the shell. In nanocrystals with thick shells, we furthermore observe a wurtzite to NiAs transformation, which does not occur in the pure bulk materials. These phenomena are linked to a fundamental change in the atomistic transformation mechanism from heterogenous nucleation at the surface to homogenous nucleation in the crystal core. Our results suggest a new route towards expanding the range of available nanoscale materials. 
Michael Gr\"unwald, Katie Lutker, A. Paul Alivisatos, Eran Rabani, and   Phillip L. Geissler
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.stat-mech