Escape of Secondary Cosmic-Ray Positrons Produced in a Supernova Remnant
  We discuss the acceleration and escape of secondary particles, especially positrons produced by hadronic interactions in a supernova remnant (SNR) shock. During the shock acceleration, protons would interact with ambient gas and produce charged secondary particles, which would also be accelerated in a SNR and injected into the interstellar medium as cosmic-rays (CRs). Some previous studies showed that the resulting positron spectrum at the SNR shock is harder than the primary proton spectrum, and proposed that the positron excess observed by PAMELA can be explained with this process. We calculate the energy spectra of CR protons and secondary CR positrons running away from the SNR into the interstellar medium according to the phenomenological model of energy-dependent CR escape. We show that, on the contrary to the results presented previously, the observed spectra of secondary CR particles generated in SNRs would be softer than those of primary CR particles, which means that the rise in the positron fraction cannot be reproduced by this model. 
Norita Kawanaka
astro-ph.HE