Effect of bending rigidity on the knotting of a polymer under tension
  A coarse-grained computational model is used to investigate how the bending rigidity of a polymer under tension affects the formation of a trefoil knot. Thermodynamic integration techniques are applied to demonstrate that the free-energy cost of forming a knot has a minimum at non-zero bending rigidity. The position of the minimum exhibits a power-law dependence on the applied tension. For knotted polymers with non-uniform bending rigidity, the knots preferentially localize in the region with a bending rigidity that minimizes the free-energy. 
Richard Matthews and Ard A. Louis and Christos N. Likos
cond-mat.soft q-bio.BM