Searching for seismo-ionospheric earthquakes precursors: Total Electron   Content disturbances before 2005-2006 seismic events
  During earthquakes preparation periods significant disturbances in the ionospheric plasma density are often observed. These anomalies are caused by lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere interaction, particularly by the seismic electric field penetrating from the ground surface into the ionosphere. The seismic electric field produces electromagnetic EB drift changing plasma density over the epicenter region and magnetically conjugated area. The paper is devoted to analysis of regular Global Positioning System observations and revelation of seismo-ionospheric precursors of earthquakes in Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere. Global and regional relative TEC disturbances maps (%) have been plotted for 2005-2006 M6, D<60 km seismic events and analyzed in order to determine general features of precursors. The obtained results agree with the recent published case-study investigations. 
Yu. V. Romanovskaya, A. A. Namgaladze, O. V. Zolotov, N. A. Starikova,   V. Z. Lopatiy
physics.geo-ph physics.space-ph