Quantum limit in continuous quantum measurement
  An inequality about quantum noise is presented with the imprecise measurement theory, which is used to analyse the quantum limit in continuous quantum measurement. Different from the linear-response approach based on the quantum relation between noise and susceptibilities of the detector, we provide an explicit functional relation between quantum noise and reduction operator, and show a rigorous result: The minimum noise added by the detector in quantum measurement is precisely equal to the zero-point noise. This conclusion generalizes the standard Haus-Caves quantum limit for a linear amplifier. We also discuss the statistic characters of the back-action force in quantum measurement and show on how to reach the quantum limit. 
ChengGang Shao
quant-ph