Theory for charge and orbital density-wave states in manganite   La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{1.5}$MnO$_4$
  We investigate the high temperature phase of layered manganites, and demonstrate that the charge-orbital phase transition without magnetic order in La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{1.5}$MnO$_4$ can be understood in terms of the density wave instability. The orbital ordering is found to be induced by the nesting between segments of Fermi surface with different orbital characters. The simultaneous charge and orbital orderings are elaborated with a mean field theory. The ordered orbitals are shown to be $d_{x^2-y^2} \pm d_{3z^2-r^2}$. 
Zi-Jian Yao, Wei-Qiang Chen, Jin-Hua Gao, Hong-Min Jiang, Fu-Chun   Zhang
cond-mat.str-el