An isoperimetric result for the fundamental frequency via domain   derivative
  The Faber-Krahn deficit $\delta\lambda$ of an open bounded set $\Omega$ is the normalized gap between the values that the first Dirichlet Laplacian eigenvalue achieves on $\Omega$ and on the ball having same measure as $\Omega$. For any given family of open bounded sets of $\R^N$ ($N\ge 2$) smoothly converging to a ball, it is well known that both $\delta\lambda$ and the isoperimetric deficit $\delta P$ are vanishing quantities. It is known as well that, at least for convex sets, the ratio $\frac{\delta P}{\delta \lambda}$ is bounded by below by some positive constant (see \cite{BNT,PW}), and in this note, using the technique of the shape derivative, we provide the explicit optimal lower bound of such a ratio as $\delta P$ goes to zero. 
Carlo Nitsch
math.OC