High Velocity Dispersion in A Rare Grand Design Spiral Galaxy at   Redshift z=2.18
  Although relatively common in the local Universe, only one grand-design spiral galaxy has been spectroscopically confirmed to lie at z>2 (HDFX 28; z=2.011), and may prove to be a major merger that simply resembles a spiral in projection. The rarity of spirals has been explained as a result of disks being dynamically 'hot' at z>2 which may instead favor the formation of commonly-observed clumpy structures. Alternatively, current instrumentation may simply not be sensitive enough to detect spiral structures comparable to those in the modern Universe. At redshifts <2, the velocity dispersion of disks decreases, and spiral galaxies are more numerous by z~1. Here we report observations of the grand design spiral galaxy Q2343-BX442 at z=2.18. Spectroscopy of ionized gas shows that the disk is dynamically hot, implying an uncertain origin for the spiral structure. The kinematics of the galaxy are consistent with a thick disk undergoing a minor merger, which can drive the formation of short-lived spiral structure. A duty cycle of < 100 Myr for such tidally-induced spiral structure in a hot massive disk is consistent with their rarity. 
David R. Law, Alice E. Shapley, Charles C. Steidel, Naveen A. Reddy,   Charlotte R. Christensen, and Dawn K. Erb
astro-ph.CO