Supply Chain Network Design Heuristics for Capacitated Facilities under   Risk of Supply Disruptions
  Recent events such as the Heparin tragedy, in which patients lost their lives due to tainted pharmaceuticals, highlight the necessity for supply chain designers and planners to consider the risk of even low probability disruptions in supply chains. One of the most effective ways to hedge against supply chain network disruptions is to robustly design the supply chain network. This involves both strategic decisions (e.g., which suppliers to source from, plant locations, etc.) and tactical decisions (e.g., capacity allocation, etc.). Since disruptions are modeled as events which occur randomly and may have a random length, we consider a mixed-integer stochastic model. However, such network design problems belong to the class of NP-hard problems. Accordingly, we develop efficient heuristic algorithms and a metaheuristic approach to obtain acceptable solutions to these types of problems in reasonable runtimes so that the process of decision making becomes facilitated with no drastic sacrifices in solution quality. 
AliReza Madadi, Mary E. Kurz, Scott J. Mason, Kevin M. Taaffe
math.OC