Spin-Orbit Coupled Degenerate Fermi Gases
  Spin-orbit coupling plays an increasingly important role in the modern condensed matter physics. For instance, it gives birth to topological insulators and topological superconductors. Quantum simulation of spin-orbit coupling using ultracold Fermi gases will offer opportunities to study these new phenomena in a more controllable setting. Here we report the first experimental study of a spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas. We observe spin dephasing in spin dynamics and momentum distribution asymmetry in the equilibrium state as hallmarks of spin-orbit coupling. We also observe evidences of Lifshitz transition where the topology of Fermi surfaces change. This serves as an important first step toward finding Majorana fermions in this system. 
Pengjun Wang, Zeng-Qiang Yu, Zhengkun Fu, Jiao Miao, Lianghui Huang,   Shijie Chai, Hui Zhai, and Jing Zhang
cond-mat.quant-gas