Complete population transfer in a three-state quantum system by a train   of pairs of coincident pulses
  A technique for complete population transfer between the two end states $\ket{1}$ and $\ket{3}$ of a three-state quantum system with a train of $N$ pairs of resonant and coincident pump and Stokes pulses is introduced. A simple analytic formula is derived for the ratios of the pulse amplitudes in each pair for which the maximum transient population $P_2(t)$ of the middle state $\ket{2}$ is minimized, $P_2^{\max}=\sin^2(\pi/4N)$. It is remarkable that, even though the pulses are on exact resonance, $P_2(t)$ is damped to negligibly small values even for a small number of pulse pairs. The population dynamics resembles generalized $\pi$-pulses for small $N$ and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for large $N$ and therefore this technique can be viewed as a bridge between these well-known techniques. 
Andon A. Rangelov and Nikolay V. Vitanov
quant-ph