A Rounding by Sampling Approach to the Minimum Size k-Arc Connected   Subgraph Problem
  In the k-arc connected subgraph problem, we are given a directed graph G and an integer k and the goal is the find a subgraph of minimum cost such that there are at least k-arc disjoint paths between any pair of vertices. We give a simple (1 + 1/k)-approximation to the unweighted variant of the problem, where all arcs of G have the same cost. This improves on the 1 + 2/k approximation of Gabow et al. [GGTW09].   Similar to the 2-approximation algorithm for this problem [FJ81], our algorithm simply takes the union of a k in-arborescence and a k out-arborescence. The main difference is in the selection of the two arborescences. Here, inspired by the recent applications of the rounding by sampling method (see e.g. [AGM+ 10, MOS11, OSS11, AKS12]), we select the arborescences randomly by sampling from a distribution on unions of k arborescences that is defined based on an extreme point solution of the linear programming relaxation of the problem. In the analysis, we crucially utilize the sparsity property of the extreme point solution to upper-bound the size of the union of the sampled arborescences.   To complement the algorithm, we also show that the integrality gap of the minimum cost strongly connected subgraph problem (i.e., when k = 1) is at least 3/2 - c, for any c > 0. Our integrality gap instance is inspired by the integrality gap example of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem [CGK06], hence providing further evidence of connections between the approximability of the two problems. 
Bundit Laekhanukit, Shayan Oveis Gharan, Mohit Singh
cs.DS math.CO