Variational approach to gravitational theories with two independent   connections
  A new variational approach for general relativity and modified theories of gravity is presented. In addition to the metric tensor, two independent affine connections enter the action as dynamical variables. In the matter action the dependence upon one of the connections is left completely unspecified. When the variation is applied to the Einstein-Hilbert action the Einstein field equations are recovered. However when applied to $f(R)$ and Scalar-Tensor theories, it yields gravitational field equations which differ from their equivalents obtained with a metric or Palatini variation and reduce to the former ones only when no connections appear in the matter action. 
Nicola Tamanini
gr-qc hep-th