A Non-Differentiable Quantum Variational Embedding in Presence of Time   Delays
  We develop Cresson's non-differentiable embedding to quantum problems of the calculus of variations and optimal control with time delay. Main results show that the dynamics of non-differentiable Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems with time delays can be determined, in a coherent way, by the least-action principle. 
Gastao S. F. Frederico, Delfim F. M. Torres
math.OC math-ph math.MP