Brane Induced Gravity: From a No-Go to a No-Ghost Theorem
  Numerous claims in the literature suggest that gravity induced on a higher co-dimensional surface violates unitarity in the weak coupling regime. However, it remained unclear, why a conserved source localized on this surface and giving rise to an induced gravity term at low energies would absorb and emit the associated ghost, given a consistent source-free theory. In this article it is shown that the appearance of the induced Einstein Hilbert term does not threaten the unitarity of the theory. The physics arguments behind this statement are presented in a semi-covariant language, but the detailed proof is given using Dirac's constraint analysis. It is shown that the would-be ghost highlighted in previous works is non-dynamical and therefore not associated with a state in the Hilbert space. As a result of these investigations, brane induced gravity goes without a ghost, opening an exciting window of opportunity for consistent deformations of gravity at the largest observable distances. 
Felix Berkhahn, Stefan Hofmann, Florian Niedermann
hep-th astro-ph.CO gr-qc