Novel symmetry-broken phase in a driven cavity system in the   thermodynamic limit
  We study non-equilibrium stationary states of a cavity system consisting of many atoms interacting with a quantized cavity field mode, under a driving field in a dissipative environment. We derive a quantum master equation which is suitable for treating systems with a strong driving field and a strong atom-photon interaction. We do this by making use of the fact that the mean-field dynamics are exact in the thermodynamic limit thanks to a uniform coupling between atoms and photons. We find ordered states with symmetry-broken components of the photon field and atomic excitation driven by the external field. The mechanism by which these ordered states arise is discussed from the viewpoint of the quantum interference effect. 
Tatsuhiko Shirai, Takashi Mori, Seiji Miyashita
quant-ph