Observation of the Production of a W Boson in Association with a Single   Charm Quark
  The first observation of the production of a $W$ boson with a single charm quark ($c$) jet in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96 {\rm TeV}$ is reported. The analysis uses data corresponding to 4.3 fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Charm quark candidates are selected through the identification of an electron or muon from charm-hadron semileptonic decay within a hadronic jet, and a $Wc$ signal is observed with a significance of 5.7 standard deviations. The production cross section $\sigma_{Wc}(p_{Tc}>20 {\rm GeV}/c, |\eta_c|<1.5)\times B(W\rightarrow \ell\nu)$ is measured to be $13.6^{+3.4}_{-3.1} {\rm pb}$ and is in agreement with theoretical expectations. From this result the magnitude of the quark-mixing matrix element $V_{cs}$ is derived, $|V_{cs}|=1.08\pm0.16$ along with a lower limit of $|V_{cs}|>0.71$ at the 95% confidence level, assuming that the $Wc$ production through $c$ to $s$ quark coupling is dominant. 
CDF Collaboration
hep-ex