On Geometric Upper Bounds for Positioning Algorithms in Wireless Sensor   Networks
  This paper studies the possibility of upper bounding the position error of an estimate for range based positioning algorithms in wireless sensor networks. In this study, we argue that in certain situations when the measured distances between sensor nodes are positively biased, e.g., in non-line-of-sight conditions, the target node is confined to a closed bounded convex set (a feasible set) which can be derived from the measurements. Then, we formulate two classes of geometric upper bounds with respect to the feasible set. If an estimate is available, either feasible or infeasible, the worst-case position error can be defined as the maximum distance between the estimate and any point in the feasible set (the first bound). Alternatively, if an estimate given by a positioning algorithm is always feasible, we propose to get the maximum length of the feasible set as the worst-case position error (the second bound). These bounds are formulated as nonconvex optimization problems. To progress, we relax the nonconvex problems and obtain convex problems, which can be efficiently solved. Simulation results indicate that the proposed bounds are reasonably tight in many situations. 
Mohammad Reza Gholami, Erik G. Str\"om, Henk Wymeersch, and Mats   Rydstr\"om
cs.IT math.IT