Physics in one dimension: theoretical concepts for quantum many-body   systems
  Various sophisticated approximation methods exist for the description of quantum many-body systems. It was realized early on that the theoretical description can simplify considerably in one-dimensional systems and various exact solutions exist. The focus in this introductory paper is on fermionic systems and the emergence of the Luttinger liquid concept. 
K. Schonhammer
cond-mat.str-el