The classification of normalizing groups
  Let $X$ be a finite set such that $|X|=n$. Let $\trans$ and $\sym$ denote respectively the transformation monoid and the symmetric group on $n$ points. Given $a\in \trans\setminus \sym$, we say that a group $G\leq \sym$ is $a$-normalizing if $$<a,G> \setminus G=<g^{{-1}}ag\mid g\in G>.$$ If $G$ is $a$-normalizing for all $a\in \trans\setminus \sym$, then we say that $G$ is normalizing. The goal of this paper is to classify normalizing groups and hence answer a question posed elsewhere. The paper ends with a number of problems for experts in groups, semigroups and matrix theory. 
Jo\~ao Ara\'ujo, Peter J. Cameron, James Mitchell and Max Neunh\"offer
math.GR