A contact model for the yielding of caked granular materials
  We present a visco-elastic coupling model between caked spheres, suitable for DEM simulations, which incorporates the different loading mechanisms (tension, shear, bending, torsion) in a combined manner and allows for a derivation of elastic and failure properties on a common basis. In pull, shear, and torsion failure tests with agglomerates of up to 10000 particles, we compare the failure criterion to different approximative variants of it, with respect to accuracy and computational cost. The failure of the agglomerates, which behave according to elastic parameters derived from the contact elasticity, gives also insight into the relative relevance of the different load modes. 
L. Brendel, J. T\"or\"ok, R. Kirsch, U. Br\"ockel
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft