Noninvasive Probe of Charge Fractionalization in Quantum Spin-Hall   Insulators
  When an electron with well-defined momentum tunnels into a nonchiral Luttinger liquid, it breaks up into two separate wave packets that carry fractional charges and move in opposite directions. A direct observation of this phenomenon has proven elusive, mainly due to single-particle and plasmon backscattering caused by measurement probes. This paper theoretically introduces two topological insulator devices that are naturally suited for detecting fractional charges and their velocities directly and in a noninvasive fashion. 
Ion Garate and Karyn Le Hur
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el