Description of dipole strength in heavy nuclei in conformity with their   quadrupole degrees of freedom
  In conformity to new findings about the widespread occurrence of triaxiality arguments are given in favor of a description of the giant dipole resonance in heavy nuclei by the sum of three Lorentzians. This TLO parameterization allows a strict use of resonance widths {\Gamma} in accordance to the theoretically founded power law relation to the resonance energy. No additional variation of {\Gamma} with the photon energy and no violation of the sum rule are necessary to obtain a good agreement to nuclear photo-effect, photon scattering and radiative capture data. Photon strength other than E1 has a small effect, but the influence of the level density on photon emission probabilities needs further investigation. 
Eckart Grosse, Arnd R. Junghans, Ralph Massarczyk, Ronald Schwengner,   Georg Schramm
nucl-ex