Rectification by imprinted phase in a Josephson junction
  A Josephson phase shift can be induced in a Josephson junction by a strategically nearby pinned Abrikosov vortex (AV). For an asymmetric distribution of imprinted phase along the junction (controlled by the position of the AV) such a simple system is capable of rectification of $ac$ current in a broad and tunable frequency range. The resulting rectified voltage is a consequence of the directed motion of a Josephson antivortex which forms a pair with the AV when at local equilibrium. The proposed realization of the ratchet potential by imprinted phase is more efficient than the asymmetric geometry of the junction itself, it is easily realizable experimentally, and provides rectification even in the absence of applied magnetic field. 
G. R. Berdiyorov, M. V. Milo\v{s}evi\'c, L. Covaci, F. M. Peeters
cond-mat.supr-con