An adaptive hierarchical domain decomposition method for parallel   contact dynamics simulations of granular materials
  A fully parallel version of the contact dynamics (CD) method is presented in this paper. For large enough systems, 100% efficiency has been demonstrated for up to 256 processors using a hierarchical domain decomposition with dynamic load balancing. The iterative scheme to calculate the contact forces is left domain-wise sequential, with data exchange after each iteration step, which ensures its stability. The number of additional iterations required for convergence by the partially parallel updates at the domain boundaries becomes negligible with increasing number of particles, which allows for an effective parallelization. Compared to the sequential implementation, we found no influence of the parallelization on simulation results. 
Zahra Shojaaee and M. Reza Shaebani and Lothar Brendel and J\'anos   T\"or\"ok and Dietrich E. Wolf
cond-mat.soft physics.comp-ph