Frequency Dependent Dynamical Electromechanical Response of Mixed   Ionic-Electronic Conductors
  Frequency dependent dynamic electromechanical response of the mixed ionic-electronic conductor film to a periodic electric bias is analyzed for different electronic and ionic boundary conditions. Dynamic effects of mobile ions concentration (stoichiometry contribution), charge state of acceptors (donors), electron concentration (electron-phonon coupling via the deformation potential) and flexoelectric effect contribution are discussed. A variety of possible nonlinear dynamic electromechanical response of MIEC films including quasi-elliptic curves, asymmetric hysteresis-like loops with pronounced memory window and butterfly-like curves are calculated. The electromechanical response of ionic semiconductor is predicted to be a powerful descriptor of local valence states, band structure and electron-phonon correlations that can be readily measured in the nanoscale volumes and in the presence of strong electronic conductivity. 
A.N. Morozovska, E.A. Eliseev, S.L. Bravina, Francesco Ciucci, G.S.   Svechnikov, Long-Qing Chen and S.V. Kalinin
cond-mat.mtrl-sci