Probing the pseudogap phase of cuprates by a Giaever transformer
  We develop a theory of the rectification effect in a double-layer system where both layers are superconductors, or one of the layers is a normal metal. The Coulomb interaction is assumed to provide the dominant coupling between the layers. We find that superconducting fluctuations strongly enhance the drag conductivity, with rectification most pronounced when both layers are superconductors. In view of their distinct dependence on temperature near Tc and layer separation, drag measurements based on a Giaever transformer could distinguish whether rectification occurs due to fluctuating pairs or inductively coupled fluctuating vortices. 
Alex Levchenko, M. R. Norman
cond-mat.supr-con