Every Formula-Based Logic Program Has a Least Infinite-Valued Model
  Every definite logic program has as its meaning a least Herbrand model with respect to the program-independent ordering "set-inclusion". In the case of normal logic programs there do not exist least models in general. However, according to a recent approach by Rondogiannis and Wadge, who consider infinite-valued models, every normal logic program does have a least model with respect to a program-independent ordering. We show that this approach can be extended to formula-based logic programs (i.e., finite sets of rules of the form A\leftarrowF where A is an atom and F an arbitrary first-order formula). We construct for a given program P an interpretation M_P and show that it is the least of all models of P. Keywords: Logic programming, semantics of programs, negation-as-failure, infinite-valued logics, set theory 
Rainer L\"udecke
cs.LO cs.AI