Fluctuation Relation for Heat Engines
  We derive the exact equality, referred to as the fluctuation relation for heat engines (FRHE), that relates statistics of heat extracted from one of the two heat baths and the work per one cycle of a heat engine operation. Carnot's inequality of classical thermodynamics follows as a direct consequence of the FRHE. 
N. A. Sinitsyn
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.mes-hall