Variations of generalized area functionals and p-area minimizers of   bounded variation in the Heisenberg group
  We prove the existence of a continuous $BV$ minimizer with $C^{0}$ boundary value for the $p$-area (pseudohermitian or horizontal area) in a parabolically convex bounded domain. We extend the domain of the area functional from $BV$ functions to vector-valued measures. Our main purpose is to study the first and second variations of such a generalized area functional including the contribution of the singular part. By giving examples in Riemannian and pseudohermitian geometries, we illustrate several known results in a unified way. We show the contribution of the singular curve in the first and second variations of the $p$-area for a surface in an arbitrary pseudohermitian $3$-manifold. 
Jih-Hsin Cheng and Jenn-Fang Hwang
math.AP math.CV math.DG