Precise characterization of micro rotors in optical tweezers
  We present an optical tweezer based study of rotation of microscopic objects with shape asymmetry. Thermal fluctuations and rotations are simultaneously monitored through laser back scattering. The rotation results in a modulation in intensity of the back scattered light incident on a quadrant photo detector. This results in the manifestation of peaks at a fundamental rotational frequency and at integer harmonics, superimposed on a modified Lorentzian in the power spectrum. The multiple peaks indicate that the rotations are periodic but with varying angular velocity. We demonstrate the use of video microscopy for characterization of low reflectivity rotors, such as biological cells. The methods also enable a measurement of the average torque on the rotor, and in principle, can reveal information about its principal moments of inertia, and the role of hydrodynamics at micron levels 
Yogesha, Sarbari Bhattacharya and Sharath Ananthamurthy
cond-mat.soft physics.bio-ph