Infrared Emission from the Composite Grains: Effects of Inclusions and   Porosities on the 10 and 18 $\mu m$ Features
  In this paper we study the effects of inclusions and porosities on the emission properties of silicate grains and compare the model curves with the observed infrared emission from circumstellar dust.   We calculate the absorption efficiency of the composite grain, made up of a host silicate oblate spheroid and inclusions of ice/graphite/or voids, in the spectral region 5.0-25.0$\mu m$. The absorption efficiencies of the composite spheroidal oblate grains for three axial ratios are computed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). We study the absorption as a function of the volume fraction of the inclusions and porosity. In particular, we study the variation in the $10\mu m$ and $18\mu m$ emission features with the volume fraction of the inclusions and porosities. We then calculate the infrared fluxes for these composite grains at several dust temperatures (T=200-350K) and compare the model curves with the average observed IRAS-LRS curve, obtained for circumstellar dust shells around oxygen rich M-type stars. The model curves are also compared with two other individual stars.   The results on the composite grains clearly indicate that the silicate feature at 10$\mu m$ shifts with the volume fraction of graphite inclusions. The feature does not shift with the porosity. Both the features do not show any broadening with the inclusions or porosity. The absorption efficiencies of the composite grains calculated using DDA and Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) do not agree. The composite grain models presented in this study need to be compared with the observed IR emission from the circumstellar dust around a few more stars. 
D.B. Vaidya and Ranjan Gupta
astro-ph.SR