A Three-Dimensional Model of Small Signal Free-Electron Lasers
  Coherent electron cooling is an ultra-high-bandwidth form of stochastic cooling which utilizes the charge perturbation from Debye screening as a seed for a free-electron laser. The amplified and frequency-modulated signal that results from the free-electron laser process is then used to give an energy-dependent kick on the hadrons in a bunch. In this paper, we present a theoretical description of a high-gain free-electron laser with applications to a complete theoretical description of coherent electron cooling. 
Stephen Webb and Gang Wang and Vladimir Litvinenko
physics.acc-ph