Formalism of operators for Laguerre-Gauss modes
  In this work apply the algebra of operators of quantum mechanics in the Helmholtz wave equation in cylindrical coordinates in paraxial approximation to describe the raising and lowering operators for the Laguerre-Gauss modes. 
A. L. F. da Silva, A. T. B. Celeste, M. Pazetti and C. E. F. Lopes
math-ph math.MP