Organizing and financing interstellar space projects - A bottom-up   approach
  The development and deployment of interstellar missions will without doubt require orders of magnitude more resources than needed for current or past megaprojects (Apollo, Iter, LHC,...). Question is how enough resources for such gigaprojects can be found. In this contribution different scenarios will be explored assuming limited, moderate economic growth throughout the next centuries, i.e. without human population and productivity continuing to grow exponentially, and without extreme events such as economic collapse or singularity. In such a world, which is not unlike the current situation, gigascale space projects face a combination of inhibiting factors: the enormous cost threshold, the need for risky and costly development of often quite application specific technology, the relatively little benefit with respect to the costs for the sponsors, the time span of at least a few generations and the absence of a sense of urgency. It will be argued that the best chance of getting an interstellar project started in this generation is to establish an international network of non governmental organizations (NGOs) focused on private and public fundraising for interstellar exploration, similar to e.g. the WWF. It is shown that this path reduces the massive barriers to entry as well as the level of governmental support needed. The path is argued to fit best with three defining features of gigascale space projects, which should be recognized to the fullest: their almost absolute nonprofit character, their massive cost in terms of time and resources and their non-urgency leading to procrastination. Even if relatively modest but recurring funding is found enough resources can be gathered over time, provided the majority of the NGOs' income is saved up in a long term fund similar to that of the Noble Foundation or Norway's Government Pension Fund. 
Frederik Ceyssens, Maarten Driesen, Kristof Wouters, Pieter-Jan   Ceyssens and Lianggong Wen
physics.pop-ph