Shear viscosity and the nucleation of antikaon condensed matter in   protoneutron stars
  We study shear viscosities of different species in hot and neutrino-trapped dense matter relevant to protoneutron stars. It is found that the shear viscosities of neutrons, protons and electrons in neutrino-trapped matter are of the same orders of magnitude as the corresponding shear viscosities in neutrino-free matter. Above all, the shear viscosity due to neutrinos is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other species in neutrino-trapped matter.   Next we investigate the effect of shear viscosity in particular, neutrino shear viscosity on the thermal nucleation rate of droplets of antikaon condensed matter in protoneutron stars. The first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to antikaon condensed matter is driven by the thermal nucleation process. We compute the equation of state used for the calculation of shear viscosity and thermal nucleation time within the relativistic mean field model. Neutrino shear viscosity enhances the prefactor in the nucleation rate by several orders of magnitude compared with the $T^4$ approximation of earlier calculations. Consequently the thermal nucleation time in the $T^4$ approximation overestimates our result. Furthermore, the thermal nucleation of an antikaon droplet might be possible in neutrino-trapped matter before neutrino diffusion takes place. 
Sarmistha Banik, Rana Nandi and Debades Bandyopadhyay
astro-ph.HE