Coupled risk measures and their empirical estimation when losses follow   heavy-tailed distributions
  Considerable literature has been devoted to developing statistical inferential results for risk measures, especially for those that are of the form of L-functionals. However, practical and theoretical considerations have highlighted quite a number of risk measures that are of the form of ratios, or even more complex combinations, of two L-functionals. In the present paper we call such combinations `coupled risk measures' and develop a statistical inferential theory for them when losses follow heavy-tailed distributions. Our theory implies -at a stroke- statistical inferential results for absolute and relative distortion risk measures, weighted premium calculation principles, as well as for many indices of economic inequality that have appeared in the econometric literature. 
Abdelhakim Necir and Ri\v{c}ardas Zitikis
math.ST stat.TH