Structural preferential attachment: Network organization beyond the link
  We introduce a mechanism which models the emergence of the universal properties of complex networks, such as scale independence, modularity and self-similarity, and unifies them under a scale-free organization beyond the link. This brings a new perspective on network organization where communities, instead of links, are the fundamental building blocks of complex systems. We show how our simple model can reproduce social and information networks by predicting their community structure and more importantly, how their nodes or communities are interconnected, often in a self-similar manner. 
Laurent H\'ebert-Dufresne, Antoine Allard, Vincent Marceau,   Pierre-Andr\'e No\"el and Louis J. Dub\'e
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech