Properties of pedestrians walking in line - Fundamental diagrams
  We present experimental results obtained for a one-dimensional flow using high precision motion capture. The full pedestrians' trajectories are obtained. In this paper, we focus on the fundamental diagram, and on the relation between the instantaneous velocity and spatial headway (distance to the predecessor). While the latter was found to be linear in previous experiments, we show that it is rather a piecewise linear behavior which is found if larger density ranges are covered. Indeed, our data clearly exhibits three distinct regimes in the behavior of pedestrians that follow each other. The transitions between these regimes occur at spatial headways of about 1.1 and 3 m, respectively. This finding could be useful for future modeling. 
Asja Jeli\'c and C\'ecile Appert-Rolland and Samuel Lemercier and   Julien Pettr\'e
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.AO