Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance
  We show that in pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance (pEDMR) signal modulation in combination with a lock-in detection scheme can reduce the low-frequency noise level by one order of magnitude and in addition removes the microwave-induced non-resonant background. This is exemplarily demonstrated for spin-echo measurements in phosphorus-doped Silicon. The modulation of the signal is achieved by cycling the phase of the projection pulse used in pEDMR for the read-out of the spin state. 
Felix Hoehne, Lukas Dreher, Jan Behrends, Matthias Fehr, Hans Huebl,   Klaus Lips, Alexander Schnegg, Max Suckert, Martin St...
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall