Creating Non-Maxwellian Velocity Distributions in Ultracold Plasmas
  We present techniques to perturb, measure and model the ion velocity distribution in an ultracold neutral plasma produced by photoionization of strontium atoms. By optical pumping with circularly polarized light we promote ions with certain velocities to a different spin ground state, and probe the resulting perturbed velocity distribution through laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. We discuss various approaches to extract the velocity distribution from our measured spectra, and assess their quality through comparisons with molecular dynamic simulations 
J. Castro, G. Bannasch, P. McQuillen, T. Pohl and T. C. Killian
physics.atom-ph physics.plasm-ph