How people interact in evolving online affiliation networks
  The study of human interactions is of central importance for understanding the behavior of individuals, groups and societies. Here, we observe the formation and evolution of networks by monitoring the addition of all new links and we analyze quantitatively the tendencies used to create ties in these evolving online affiliation networks. We first show that an accurate estimation of these probabilistic tendencies can only be achieved by following the time evolution of the network. For example, actions that are attributed to the usual friend of a friend mechanism through a static snapshot of the network are overestimated by a factor of two. A detailed analysis of the dynamic network evolution shows that half of those triangles were generated through other mechanisms, in spite of the characteristic static pattern. We start by characterizing every single link when the tie was established in the network. This allows us to describe the probabilistic tendencies of tie formation and extract sociological conclusions as follows. The tendencies to add new links differ significantly from what we would expect if they were not affected by the individuals' structural position in the network, i.e., from random link formation. We also find significant differences in behavioral traits among individuals according to their degree of activity, gender, age, popularity and other attributes. For instance, in the particular datasets analyzed here, we find that women reciprocate connections three times as much as men and this difference increases with age. Men tend to connect with the most popular people more often than women across all ages. On the other hand, triangular ties tendencies are similar and independent of gender. Our findings can be useful to build models of realistic social network structures and discover the underlying laws that govern establishment of ties in evolving social networks. 
Lazaros K. Gallos, Diego Rybski, Fredrik Liljeros, Shlomo Havlin,   Hernan A. Makse
physics.soc-ph cs.SI