A single layer hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) based lift-off process for   germanium and platinum
  Primarily used as etch mask, single layer hydrogen silsesquioxane has never been investigated for lift-off technique. In this article, we propose a new technique where a single layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane, a negative tone electron beam resist, is used to make lift-off of germanium and platinum. Removal of exposed hydrogen silsesquioxane is tested for various concentrations of hydrofluoric acid. Ultrasonic agitation is also used to reduce the formation of flakes due to accumulation of matter (evaporated metal in our case) along the sidewalls of the lift-off narrow slots. Results demonstrate potential in applying the hydrogen silsesquioxane as a negative tone lift-off resist to pattern nanometer scale features into germanium and platinum layers. 
Vikram Passi, Aur\'elie Lecestre, Christophe Krzeminski, Guilhem   Larrieu, Emmanuel Dubois, Jean-Pierre Raskin
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other