Aperiodicity in one-way Markov cycles and repeat times of large   earthquakes in faults
  A common use of Markov Chains is the simulation of the seismic cycle in a fault, i.e. as a renewal model for the repetition of its characteristic earthquakes. This representation is consistent with Reid's elastic rebound theory. Here it is proved that in {\it any} one-way Markov cycle, the aperiodicity of the corresponding distribution of cycle lengths is always lower than one. This fact concurs with observations of large earthquakes in faults all over the world. 
Alejandro Tejedor, Javier G\'omez and Amalio F. Pacheco
physics.geo-ph physics.data-an