The holographic principle and the cosmological constant
  We propose an infrared cut-off for the holographic density which incorporates among others a constant term, that produces the effect of the cosmological constant, improving the results of previously considered holographic models based on local quantities. The inclusion of constant term is interpreted as a natural first approximation for the infrared cutoff which is associated with the vacuum energy, and the additional terms guarantee an appropriate evolutionary scenario that fits the astrophysical observations. Cosmological constraints on the model have been studied using the observational data. 
L. N. Granda
hep-th gr-qc