Valuation Semigroups of Two Dimensional Local Rings
  We consider the question of when a semigroup is the semigroup of a valuation dominating a two dimensional noetherian local domain, giving some surprising examples. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the pair of a semigroup S and a field extension L/k to be the semigroup and residue field of a valaution dominating a regular local ring R of dimension two with residue field k, generalizing the theorem of Spivakovsky for the case when there is no residue field extension. 
Steven Dale Cutkosky and Pham An Vinh
math.AC