Mathematical aspects of degressive proportionality
  We analyze properties of apportionment functions in context of the problem of allocating seats in the European Parliament. Necessary and sufficient conditions for apportionment functions are investigated. Some exemplary families of apportionment functions are specified and the corresponding partitions of the seats in the European Parliament among the Member States of the European Union are presented. Although the choice of the allocation functions is theoretically unlimited, we show that the constraints are so strong that the acceptable functions lead to rather similar solutions. 
Wojciech Slomczynski and Karol Zyczkowski
physics.soc-ph cs.SI