Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Doped PVDF: Formation of   Piezoelectric Polymorph
  The preparation of polymorphism control of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is investigated. The Ag NPs were prepared by simple one step process from AgNO3, where N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) act as reducing agent as well the solvent of the host polymer, PVDF. It was observed that PVDF is one of the best stabilizers of Ag NPs. The thick films (10-20 {\mu}m) were prepared by simple solution casting followed by solvent drying and crystallizing PVDF polymorph. Here we observed that PVDF polymorph can be control by the content of the Ag NPs regardless of other processing conditions. The formation piezoelectric polymorph ({\beta} phase) by adequate amount of Ag NPs doping in PVDF was explained by the specific interaction between the surface charge of the Ag NPs and electric dipoles (CF2 dipoles) comprising in PVDF. In this work we also address the suitable technique for correct crystallographic phase identification in PVDF, as a large number of works in this field have already been misled. The significant higher temperature shift of melting temperature of {\beta}-phase was observed by Ag NPs doping, which has prime importance in diverse fields of electronic applications, i.e. IR-sensors, piezoelectric and pyroelectric sensor,transducers as well as actuators. 
Dipankar Mandal, Sun Yoon, Kap Jin Kim
cond-mat.mtrl-sci