Electromagnetic Mach principle
  We will introduce a gauge model which an electromagnetic coupling constant and local mass are related to all the charge in the universe. we will use the standard Dirac action, but where the mass and the electromagnetic coupling constant are a function of the sum of all the charge in the universe, which represent Mach principle for electromagnetic coupling constant. The formalisation is not manifestly Lorentz invariant, however Lorentz invariance can be restored by performing a phase transformation of the Dirac field. 
E . I. Guendelman and R. Steiner
hep-th gr-qc