Quark and gluon confinement from an effective model of Yang-Mills theory
  We derive a gauge-invariant low-energy effective model of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. We find that the effective gluon propagator belongs to the Gribov-Stingl type, irrespective of the gauge choice. In the maximally Abelian gauge, especially, we demonstrate that the model exhibits both quark confinement and gluon confinement: the Wilson loop average has area law and the Schwinger function violates reflection positivity. Moreover, we give a formula for the string tension calculable from the gluon propagator of the gauge-invariant field strength and gives a good estimate for the string tension. We discuss if quark confinement and gluon confinement are of the same origin attributed to the gluon propagator in the deep infrared momentum region. 
Kei-Ichi Kondo
hep-th hep-ph