Information-to-energy conversion in an electron pump
  We propose and analyze a possible implementation of Maxwell's demon based on a single-electron pump. We show that measurements of the charge states of the pump and feedback control of the gate voltages lead to a net flow of electrons against the bias voltage ideally with no work done on the system by the gate control. The information obtained in the measurements converts thermal fluctuations into free energy. We derive the conditions on the detector back-action and measurement time necessary for implementing this conversion. 
Dmitri V. Averin, Mikko M\"ott\"onen, Jukka P. Pekola
cond-mat.mes-hall