A contribution of stellar flares to the GRXE -- based on MAXI   observations --
  Using unbiased observations of MAXI/GSC the potential contribution of stellar flares and CVs to GRXE luminosity is estimated in the energy range of 2 - 10 keV. Currently, a reasonable luminosity has been obtained extrapolating the number of stellar flares and that of CVs toward the Galactic ridge from those of the observed flares and CVs near the solar system. The ionized emission lines of Si to Fe are also simulated making the composite thermal spectrum which is based on MAXI observations of stellar flares and CVs. The present estimated result strongly supports a picture that the cumulative stellar flares contribute primarily to the GRXE in terms of the composite thermal spectrum with emission lines and secondary contribution is due to the thermal spectrum with high temperature from CVs. 
M. Matsuoka, M. Sugizaki, Y. Tsuboi, K. Yamazaki, T. Matsumura, T.   Mihara, M. Serino, S. Nakahira, T. Yamamoto, S. Ueno, H...
astro-ph.HE