Microscopic insights into pedestrian motion through a bottleneck,   resolving spatial and temporal variations
  The motion of pedestrians is subject to a wide range of influences and exhibits a rich phenomenology. To enable precise measurement of the density and velocity we use an alternative definition using Voronoi diagrams which exhibits smaller fluctuations than the standard definitions. This method permits examination on scales smaller than the pedestrians. We use this method to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of the observables at bottlenecks. Experiments were performed with 180 test subjects and a wide range of bottleneck parameters. The anomalous flow through short bottlenecks and non-stationary states present with narrow bottlenecks are analysed. 
Jack Liddle, Armin Seyfried, Bernhard Steffen, Wolfram Klingsch,   Tobias Rupprecht, Andreas Winkens, Maik Boltes
physics.soc-ph