Fermi Edge Resonances in Non-equilibrium States of Fermi Gases
  We formulate the problem of the Fermi Edge Singularity in non-equilibrium states of a Fermi gas as a matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem with an integrable kernel. This formulation is the most suitable for studying the singular behavior at each edge of non-equilibrium Fermi states by means of the method of steepest descent, and also reveals the integrable structure of the problem. We supplement this result by extending the familiar approach to the problem of the Fermi Edge Singularity via the bosonic representation of the electronic operators to non-equilibrium settings. It provides a compact way to extract the leading asymptotes. 
E. Bettelheim, Y. Kaplan, P. Wiegmann
cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.mes-hall math-ph math.MP