Stellar Mass Black Holes in Young Galaxies
  We explore the potential cumulative energy production of stellar mass black holes in early galaxies. Stellar mass black holes may accrete substantially from the higher density interstellar media of primordial galaxies, and their energy release would be distributed more uniformly over the galaxy, perhaps providing a different mode of energy feedback into young galaxies than central supermassive black holes. We construct a model for the production and growth of stellar mass black holes over the first few gigayears of a young galaxy. With the simplifying assumption of a constant density of the ISM, n ~ 10^4 - 10^5 per cubic centimeter, we estimate the number of accreting stellar mass black holes to be ~ 10^6 and the potential energy production to be as high as 10^61 ergs over several billion years. For densities less than 10^5 per cubic centimeter, stellar mass black holes are unlikely to reach their Eddington limit luminosities. The framework we present could be incorporated in numerical simulations to compute the feedback from stellar-mass black holes with inhomogeneous, evolving interstellar media. 
J. Craig Wheeler and Vincent Johnson
astro-ph.GA