Temperature and Voltage Probes Far from Equilibrium
  We consider an open system of non-interacting electrons consisting of a small sample connected to several reservoirs and temperature or voltage probes. We study the non-linear system of equations that determines the probe parameters. We show that it has a unique solution, which can be computed with a fast converging iterative algorithm. We illustrate our method with two well-known models: the three-terminal system and the open Aharovov-Bohm interferometer. 
Ph. A. Jacquet and C.-A. Pillet
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.mes-hall math-ph math.MP quant-ph