Electric field thermopower modulation analysis of an interfacial   conducting layer formed between Y2O3 and rutile TiO2
  Electric field modulation analysis of thermopower (S) - carrier concentration (n) relation of a bilayer laminate structure composed of a 1.5-nm thick conducting layer, probably TinO2n-1 (n=2, 3,...) Magn\'eli phase, and rutile TiO2 was performed. The results clearly showed that both the rutile TiO2 and the thin interfacial layer contribute to carrier transport: the rutile TiO2 bulk region (mobility mu~0.03 cm2V-1s-1) and the 1.5-nm thick interfacial layer (mu~0.3 cm2V-1s-1). The effective thickness of the interfacial layer, which was obtained from the S-n relation, was below ~ 3 nm, which agrees well with that of the TEM observation (~1.5 nm), clearly showing that electric field modulation measurement of S-n relation can effectively clarify the carrier transport properties of a bilayer laminate structure. 
Taku Mizuno, Yuki Nagao, Akira Yoshikawa, Kunihito Koumoto, Takeharu   Kato, Yuichi Ikuhara, and Hiromichi Ohta
cond-mat.mtrl-sci