Curve registration by nonparametric goodness-of-fit testing
  The problem of curve registration appears in many different areas of applications ranging from neuroscience to road traffic modeling. In the present work, we propose a nonparametric testing framework in which we develop a generalized likelihood ratio test to perform curve registration. We first prove that, under the null hypothesis, the resulting test statistic is asymptotically distributed as a chi-squared random variable. This result, often referred to as Wilks' phenomenon, provides a natural threshold for the test of a prescribed asymptotic significance level and a natural measure of lack-of-fit in terms of the $p$-value of the $\chi^2$-test. We also prove that the proposed test is consistent, \textit{i.e.}, its power is asymptotically equal to $1$. Finite sample properties of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by numerical simulations. As an application, a new local descriptor for digital images is introduced and an experimental evaluation of its discriminative power is conducted. 
Olivier Collier (ENSAE, CREST), Arnak S. Dalalyan (ENSAE, CREST)
math.ST stat.TH