Finite-time rotation number: a fast indicator for chaotic dynamical   structures
  Lagrangian coherent structures are effective barriers, sticky regions, that separate phase space regions of different dynamical behavior. The usual way to detect such structures is via finite-time Lyapunov exponents. We show that similar results can be obtained for single-frequency systems from finite-time rotation numbers, which are much faster to compute. We illustrate our claim by considering examples of continuous and discrete-time dynamical systems of physical interest. 
J. D. Szezech Jr., A. B. Schelin, I. L. Caldas, S. R. Lopes, P. J.   Morrison, and R. L. Viana
nlin.CD