Defect detection in nano-scale transistors based on radio-frequency   reflectometry
  Radio-frequency reflectometry in silicon single-electron transistors (SETs) is presented. At low temperatures (<4 K), in addition to the expected Coulomb blockade features associated with charging of the SET dot, quasi-periodic oscillations are observed that persist in the fully depleted regime where the SET dot is completely empty. A model, confirmed by simulations, indicates that these oscillations originate from charging of an unintended floating gate located in the heavily doped polycrystalline silicon gate stack. The technique used in this experiment can be applied for detailed spectroscopy of various charge defects in nanoscale SETs and field effect transistors 
B. J. Villis, A. O. Orlov, X. Jehl, G. L. Snider, P. Fay and M.   Sanquer
cond-mat.mes-hall