Time-Symmetric Approach to Gravity
  Quantization of the time symmetric system of interacting strings requires that gravity, just as electromagnetism in Wheeler-Feynman's time symmetric electro- dynamics, also be an "adjunct field" instead of an independent entity. The "adjunct field" emerges, at a scale large compared to that of the strings, as a "statistic" that summarizes how the string positions in the underlying space- time are "compactified" into those in Minkowski space. We are able to show, WITHOUT adding a scalar curvature term to the string action, that the "adjunct gravitational field" satisfies Einstein's equation with no cosmological term. 
Shu-Yuan Chu