Trace formula in noncommutative geometry and the zeros of the Riemann   zeta function
  We give a spectral interpretation of the critical zeros of the Riemann zeta function as an absorption spectrum, while eventual noncritical zeros appear as resonances. We give a geometric interpretation of the explicit formulas of number theory as a trace formula on the noncommutative space of Adele classes. This reduces the Riemann hypothesis to the validity of the trace formula and eliminates the parameter $\delta$ of our previous approach. 
Alain Connes