Dissipative Phase Fluctuations In A Superconductor In Proximity To An   Electron Gas
  We study a two-dimensional superconductor in close proximity to a two-dimensional metallic sheet. The electrons in the superconducting sheet are coupled to those in the metallic sheet by the Coulomb interaction only. We obtain an effective phase-only action for the superconductor by integrating out all the electronic degrees of freedom in the problem. The Coulomb drag of the normal electrons in the metallic sheet is found to make the spectrum of phase-fluctuations in the superconductor, dissipative at long wavelengths. The dissipative co-efficient $\eta$ is shown to be simply related to the normal state conductivities of the superconducting layer ($\sigma_S$)and the metallic sheet ($\sigma_E$) by the relation $\eta \propto {\sigma_S\sigma_E\over \sigma_S+\sigma_E}$. 
D. M. Gaitonde