Phase diagram of three-dimensional dynamical triangulations with a   boundary
  We use Monte Carlo simulation to study the phase diagram of three-dimensional dynamical triangulations with a boundary. Three phases are indentified and characterized. One of these phases is a new, boundary dominated phase; a simple argument is presented to explain its existence. First-order transitions are shown to occur along the critical lines separating phases. 
Simeon Warner, Simon Catterall, Ray Renken