Mixing in a Meandering Jet: a Markovian Approximation
  In this paper we investigate mixing and transport in correspondence of a meandering jet. The large-scale flow field is a kinematically assigned streamfunction. Two basic mixing mechanisms are considered, first separately and then combined together: deterministic chaotic advection, induced by a time dependence of the flow, and turbulent diffusion, described by means of a stochastic model for particle motion.   Rather than looking at the details of particle trajectories, fluid exchange is studied in terms of markovian approximations. The two-dimensional physical space accessible to fluid particles is subdivided into regions characterized by different Lagrangian behaviours. From the observed transitions between regions it is possible to derive a number of relevant quantities characterizing transport and mixing in the studied flow regime, such as residence times, meridional mixing, correlation functions. These estimated quantities are compared with the corresponding ones resulting from the actual simulations. The outcome of the comparison suggests the possibility of describing in a satisfactory way at least some of the mixing properties ot the system through the very simplified approach of a first order markovian approximation, whereas other properties exhibit memory patterns of higher order. 
M. Cencini, G. Lacorata, A. Vulpiani and E. Zambianchi