Light Propagation in inhomogeneous Universes
  Using a multi-plane lensing method that we have developed, we follow the evolution of light beams as they propagate through inhomogeneous universes. We use a P3M code to simulate the formation and evolution of large-scale structure. The resolution of the simulations is increased to sub-Megaparsec scales by using a Monte Carlo method to locate galaxies inside the computational volume according to the underlying particle distribution. The galaxies are approximated by isothermal spheres, with each morphological type having its own distribution of masses and core radii. The morphological types are chosen in order to reproduce the observed morphology-density relation. This algorithm has an effective resolution of 9 orders of magnitudes in length, from the size of superclusters down to the core radii of the smallest galaxies.   We consider cold dark matter models normalized to COBE, and perform a large parameter survey by varying the cosmological parameters Omega_0, lambda_0, H_0, and n (the tilt of the primordial power spectrum). The values of n are chosen by imposing particular values or sigma_8, the rms mass fluctuation at a scale of 8/h Mpc. We use the power spectrum given by Bunn & White. This is the largest parameter survey ever done is this field. 
Premana W. Premadi (Tohoku University), Hugo Martel (University of   Texas) and Richard A. Matzner (University of Texas)