Formation of metal-poor gaseous halo in gas-rich galaxy mergers
  We numerically investigate chemodynamical evolution of interstellar medium (ISM) in gas-rich disk-disk galaxy mergers in order to explore the origin of fundamental chemical properties of halo ISM observed in elliptical galaxies. Main results obtained in this chemodynamical study are the following three. (1) Elliptical galaxies formed by gas-rich mergers show steep negative metallicity gradients of ISM especially in the outer part of galaxies. The essential reason for this is that chemical evolution of ISM in mergers proceeds in such an inhomogeneous way that in the central part of mergers, metal-enrichment of ISM is more efficient owing to radial inflow of metal-enriched ISM during dissipative galaxy merging, whereas in the outer part, metal-enrichment is less efficient owing to a larger amount of metal-enriched ISM tidally stripped away from mergers. This result provides a clue to the origin of gaseous metallicity gradients of elliptical halo recently revealed by ASCA. (2) Because of inhomogeneous chemical evolution of ISM in mergers, some merger remnants show mean gaseous metallicity discernibly smaller than mean stellar one. The degree of difference in mean stellar and gaseous metallicity in a merger remnant depends on chemical mixing length, galactic mass, and the effectiveness of supernova feedback. (3) Elliptical galaxies formed by multiple mergers are more likely to have metal-poor gaseous halo components and steep gaseous metallicity gradients than those formed by pair mergers. This is principally because a larger amount of less-metal enriched ISM can be tidally stripped away more efficiently from galaxies in multiple mergers. 
Kenji Bekki