Cluster Mass Estimate and a Cusp of the Mass Density Distribution in   Clusters of Galaxies
  We study density cusps in the center of clusters of galaxies to reconcile X-ray mass estimates with gravitational lensing masses. For various mass density models with cusps we compute X-ray surface brightness distribution, and fit them to observations to measure the range of parameters in the density models. The Einstein radii estimated from these density models are compared with Einstein radii derived from the observed arcs for Abell 2163, Abell 2218, and RX J1347.5-1145. The X-ray masses and lensing masses corresponding to these Einstein radii are also compared. While steeper cusps give smaller ratios of lensing mass to X-ray mass, the X-ray surface brightnesses estimated from flatter cusps are better fits to the observations. For Abell 2163 and Abell 2218, although the isothermal sphere with a finite core cannot produce giant arc images, a density model with a central cusp can produce a finite Einstein radius, which is smaller than the observed radii. We find that a total mass density profile which declines as $\sim r^{-1.4}$ produces the largest radius in models which are consistent with the X-ray surface brightness profile. As the result, the extremely large ratio of the lensing mass to the X-ray mass is improved from 2.2 to 1.4 for Abell 2163, and from 3 to 2.4 for Abell 2218. For RX J1347.5-1145, which is a cooling flow cluster, we cannot reduce the mass discrepancy. 
Nobuyoshi Makino (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Oita National   College of Technology) and Katsuaki Asano (Dept. of Physi...