Semiclassical description of multiple giant dipole resonance excitation   and decay
  A semiclassical description of multiple giant resonance excitation and decay that incorporates incoherent fluctuation contributions of the Brink-Axel type is developed. Numerical calculations show that the incoherent contributions are important at low to intermediate bombarding energies. 
B.V. Carlson, M.S. Hussein and A.F.R. de Toledo Piza