A Mathematical Model for the Behavior of Pedestrians
  The movement of pedestrians is supposed to show certain regularities which can be best described by an ``algorithm'' for the individual behavior and is easily simulated on computers. This behavior is assumed to be determined by an intended velocity, by several attractive and repulsive effects and by fluctuations. The movement of pedestrians is dependent on decisions, which have the purpose of optimizing their behavior and can be explicitly modelled. Some interesting applications of the model to real situations are given, especially to formation of groups, behavior in queues, avoidance of collisions and selection processes between behavioral alternatives. 
Dirk Helbing