Unified Quantum Mechanical Picture for Confined Spinons in Dimerized and   Frustrated Spin S=1/2 Chains
  A quantum mechanical picture is presented to describe the behavior of confined spinons in a variety of S=1/2 chains. The confinement is due to dimerization and frustration and it manifests itselfas a nonlinear potential V(x)~ |x|^b, centered at chain ends (b <= 1) or produced by modulation kinks (b > 1). The calculation extends to weak or zero frustration some previous ideas valid for spinons in strongly frustrated spin chains. The local magnetization patterns of the confined spinons are calculated. A (minimum) enhancement of the local moments of about 11/3 over a single S=1/2 is found. Estimates for excitation energies and binding lengths are obtained. 
Goetz S.Uhrig, Friedhelm Schoenfeld, Markus Laukamp and Elbio Dagotto