Measuring quantum optical Hamiltonians
  We show how recent state-reconstruction techniques can be used to determine the Hamiltonian of an optical device that evolves the quantum state of radiation. A simple experimental setup is proposed for measuring the Liouvillian of phase-insensitive devices. The feasibility of the method with current technology is demonstrated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulated experiments. 
G. M. D'Ariano and L. Maccone (Dipartimento di Fisica ``A. Volta'',   Pavia, Italy)