Cosmic microwave background anisotropies seeded by coherent topological   defects : a semi-analytic approach
  We consider a perfectly homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat universe which undergoes a sudden phase transition producing topological defects. We assume that these defects form a coherent network which scales like the background density during the radiation and matter dominated eras, and describe them in terms of a few free functions. We carefully model the loss of scaling invariance during the transition from radiation to matter dominated era. We choose a simple set for the free functions, compute the microwave background temperature anisotropies generated by such a network, and compare our results to previous calculations. 
Jean-Philippe Uzan, Nathalie Deruelle and Alain Riazuelo (DARC,   Observatoire de Meudon)