Analysis of Optimal Velocity Model with Explicit Delay
  We analyze Optimal Velocity Model (OVM) with explicit delay. The properties of congestion and the delay time of car motion are investigated by analytical and numerical methods. It is shown that the small explicit delay time has almost no effects. In the case of the large explicit delay time, a new phase of congestion pattern of OVM seems to appear. 
Masako Bando, Katsuya Hasebe, Ken Nakanishi, Akihiro Nakayama