Optical Spectroscopy of Embedded Young Stars in the Taurus-Auriga   Molecular Cloud
  This paper describes the first optical spectroscopic survey of class I sources (also known as embedded sources and protostars) in the Taurus-Auriga dark cloud. We detect 10 of the 24 known class I sources in the cloud at 5500-9000 A. All detected class I sources have strong H-alpha emission; most also have strong [O I] and [S II] emission. These data - together with high quality optical spectra of T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga cloud - demonstrate that forbidden emission lines are stronger and more common in class I sources than in T Tauri stars. Our results also provide a clear discriminant in the frequency of forbidden line emission between weak-emission and classical T Tauri stars. In addition to strong emission lines, three class I sources have prominent TiO absorption bands. The M-type central stars of these sources mingle with optically visible T Tauri stars in the HR diagram and lie somewhat below both the birthline for spherical accretion and the deuterium burning sequence for disc accretion. 
Scott J. Kenyon (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), David   I. Brown (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Chris Tout (Ins...