Forever Young: High Chromospheric Activity in M subdwarfs
  We present spectroscopic observations of two halo M subdwarfs which have H alpha emission lines. We show that in both cases close companions are the most likely cause of the chromospheric activity in these old, metal-poor stars. We argue that Gl 781 A's unseen companion is most likely a cool helium white dwarf. Gl 455 is a near-equal-mass M subdwarf (sdM) system. Gl 781 A is rapidly rotating with v sin i = 30 km/s. The properties of the chromospheres and X-ray coronae of these systems are compared to M dwarfs with emission (dMe). The X-ray hardness ratios and optical chromospheric lines emission ratios are consistent with those seen in dMe stars. Comparison to active near-solar metallicity stars indicates that despite their low metallicity ([m/H] = -1/2), the sdMe stars are roughly as active in both X-rays and chromospheric emission. Measured by L_X/L_bol, the activity level of Gl 781 A is no more than a factor of 2.5 subluminous with respect to near-solar metallicity stars. 
John E. Gizis