Investigation of a Toy Model for Frustration in Abelian Lattice Gauge   Theory
  We introduce a lattice model with local U(1) gauge symmetry which incorporates explicit frustration in d >2. The form of the action is inspired from the loop expansion of the fermionic determinant in standard lattice QED. We study through numerical simulations the phase diagram of the model, revealing the existence of a frustrated (antiferromagnetic) phase for d=3 and d=4, once an appropriate order parameter is identified. 
V. Azcoiti, G. Di Carlo and E. Follana