Automorphisms of one-relator groups
  It is a well-known fact that every group $G$ has a presentation of the form $G = F/R$, where $F$ is a free group and $R$ the kernel of the natural epimorphism from $F$ onto $G$. Driven by the desire to obtain a similar presentation of the group of automorphisms $Aut(G)$, we can consider the subgroup $Stab(R) \subseteq Aut(F)$ of those automorphisms of $F$ that stabilize $R$, and try to figure out if the natural homomorphism $Stab(R) \to Aut(G)$ is onto, and if it is, to determine its kernel. Both parts of this task are usually quite hard. The former part received considerable attention in the past, whereas the latter, more difficult, part (determining the kernel) seemed unapproachable. Here we approach this problem for a class of one-relator groups with a special kind of small cancellation condition. Then, we address a somewhat easier case of 2-generator (not necessarily one-relator) groups, and determine the kernel of the above mentioned homomorphism for a rather general class of those groups. 
Vladimir Shpilrain