Evidence for a Massive Black Hole in the S0 Galaxy NGC 4342
  We have constructed axisymmetric dynamical models of the edge-on S0 galaxy NGC 4342: simple two-integral Jeans models as well as fully general, three-integral models using a modified version of Schwarzschild's orbit superposition technique. The two-integral models suggest a black hole (BH) of 3 or $6\times 10^8 M_\odot$, depending on the data set. The three-integral models can fit all ground-based and HST data simultaneously, but only when a central BH is included. Models without BH are ruled out at better than 99.73% confidence level. We determine a BH mass of $3.0^{+1.7}_{-1.0} \times 10^8 M_\odot$. This corresponds to 2.6% of the bulge mass, making NGC 4342 one of the galaxies with the highest BH mass to bulge mass ratio currently known. 
Nicolas Cretton (Sterrewacht Leiden) and Frank C. van den Bosch   (University of Washington, Seattle)