Decorated vertices with 3-edged cells in 2D foams: exact solutions and   properties
  The energy, area and excess energy of a decorated vertex in a 2D foam are calculated. The general shape of the vertex and its decoration are described analytically by a reference pattern mapped by a parametric Moebius transformation. A single parameter of control allows to describe, in a common framework, different types of decorations, by liquid triangles or 3-sided bubbles, and other non-conventional cells. A solution is proposed to explain the stability threshold in the flower problem. 
Marco Mancini (GMCM), Christophe Oguey (LPTM)