An Alternative Approach to Holographic Dark Energy
  Here we consider a scenario in which dark energy is associated with the apparent area of a surface in the early universe. In order to resemble the cosmological constant at late times, this hypothetical reference scale should maintain an approximately constant physical size during an asymptotically de-Sitter expansion. This is found to arise when the particle horizon - anticipated to be significantly greater than the Hubble length - is approaching the antipode of a closed universe. Depending on the constant of proportionality, either the ensuing inflationary period prevents the particle horizon from vanishing, or it may lead to a sequence of "Big Rips". 
Fergus Simpson