Nucleation in the chiral transition with an inhomogeneous background
  We consider an approximation procedure to evaluate the finite-temperature one-loop fermionic density in the presence of a chiral background field which systematically incorporates effects from inhomogeneities in the chiral field through a derivative expansion. Modifications in the effective potential and their consequences for the bubble nucleation process are discussed. 
Bruno G. Taketani and Eduardo S. Fraga