Influence of Annealing Conditions on Structure and Optical Properties of   Copper Nanoparticles Embedded in Silica Matrix
  Copper nanoparticles have been grown in silica matrix by annealing of the sol-gel prepared porous matrix impregnated with the copper nitrate. The annealing has been performed in air, successively in air and hydrogen, and in hydrogen. Cu nanoparticles in size range of 2-65 nm have been grown depending on annealing conditions. Annealing in air results in copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O) growth as well. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical spectroscopy of the copper nanoparticles in silica matrix have been performed. The copper nanoparticles of two types are grown: spherical mature particles and elliptical seed particles. The surface plasmon peak has been observed clearly in absorption spectra of Cu nanoparticles. Surface plasmon peak in absorption spectra of Cu nanoparticles demonstrates slight blue shift with decrease of the particle size. The half-width of the surface plasmon peak decreases appreciably at the lowering of temperature from 293 K to 77 and 4.2K that is due to strong electron-phonon interaction. The low-frequency Raman scattering data are in agreement with electron microscopy and absorption data. Photoluminescence from the copper nanoparticles has been observed. Efficiency of the luminescence increases appreciably at the decrease of particle size. The observed increase is explained, probably, by the coupling of the excited incoming and outgoing emitted photons with surface plasmon. 
Oleg A. Yeshchenko, Igor. M. Dmitruk, Andriy M. Dmytruk, Alexandr A.   Alexeenko