Phase Transition of Extrinsic Curvature Surface Model on a Disk
  An extrinsic curvature surface model is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations on a disk. We found that the model undergoes a first-order transition separating the smooth phase from the collapsed phase. The results in this paper together with the previous ones suggest that the order of the transition is independent of whether the surface is compact (closed) or non-compact (open). 
T. Endo, M. Egashira, S. Obata, H. Koibuchi