Kinetics of the collisionless expansion of spherical nanoplasmas
  The collisionless expansion of spherical plasmas composed of cold ions and hot electrons is analyzed using a novel kinetic model, with special emphasis on the influence of the electron dynamics. Simple, general laws are found, relating the relevant expansion features to the initial conditions of the plasma, determined from a single dimensionless parameter. A transition is identified in the behavior of the ion energy spectrum, which is monotonic only for high electron temperatures, otherwise exhibiting a local peak far from the cutoff energy. 
F. Peano, F. Peinetti, R. Mulas, G. Coppa, L. O. Silva