Chemical Evolution Models of Ellipticals and Bulges
  We review some of the models of chemical evolution of ellipticals and bulges of spirals. In particular, we focuse on the star formationn histories of ellipticals and their influence on chemical properties such as the [alpha/Fe] versus [Fe/H], galactic mass and visual magnitudes. By comparing models with observational properties, we can constrain the timescales for the formation of these galaxies. The observational properties of stellar populations suggest that the more massive ellipticals formed on a shorter timescale than less massive ones, in the sense that both the star formation rate and the mass assembly rate, strictly linked properties, were more efficient in the most massive objects. Observational properties of true bulges seem to suggest that they are very similar to ellipticals and that they formed on a very short timescale: for the bulge of the Milky Way we suggest a timescale of 0.1 Gyr. This leads us to conclude that the Bulge evolved in a quite independent way from the galactic Disk. 
Francesca Matteucci (Department of Astronomy, University of Trieste,   Italy)