Population of bound excited states in intermediate-energy fragmentation   reactions
  Fragmentation reactions with intermediate-energy heavy-ion beams exhibit a wide range of reaction mechanisms, ranging from direct reactions to statistical processes. We examine this transition by measuring the relative population of excited states in several sd-shell nuclei produced by fragmentation with the number of removed nucleons ranging from two to sixteen. The two-nucleon removal is consistent with a non-dissipative process whereas the removal of more than five nucleons appears to be mainly statistical. 
A. Obertelli, A. Gade, D. Bazin, C. M. Campbell, J. M. Cook, P. D.   Cottle, A. D. Davies, D.-C. Dinca, T. Glasmacher, P. G....