Dark Energy in an Astrophysical Context
  We explore local consequences of a non-zero cosmological constant on astrophysical structures. We find that the effects are not only sensitive to the density of the configurations but also to the geometry. For non-homogeneous configurations, we calculate the effects for a polytropic configurations and the isothermal sphere. Special emphasis is put on the fact that the cosmological constant sets certain scales of length, time, mass and density. Sizable effects are established for non spherical systems such as elliptical galaxy clusters where the effects of $\Lambda$ are growing with the flatness of the system. The equilibrium of rotating ellipsoids is modified and the cosmological constant allows new configurations of equilibrium. 
Marek Nowakowski and Andres Balaguera-Antolinez