Pseudocodeword weights for non-binary LDPC codes
  Pseudocodewords of q-ary LDPC codes are examined and the weight of a pseudocodeword on the q-ary symmetric channel is defined. The weight definition of a pseudocodeword on the AWGN channel is also extended to two-dimensional q-ary modulation such as q-PAM and q-PSK. The tree-based lower bounds on the minimum pseudocodeword weight are shown to also hold for q-ary LDPC codes on these channels. 
Christine A. Kelley, Deepak Sridhara, and Joachim Rosenthal