Role of excited states in the splitting dynamics of interacting   Bose-Einstein condensates when ramping-up a barrier
  An essentially-exact approach to compute the wavefunction in the time-dependent many-boson Schr\"odinger equation is derived and employed to study accurately the process of splitting a trapped condensate when ramping-up a barrier such that a double-well is formed. We follow the role played by many-body excited states during the splitting process. Among others, a 'counter-intuitive' regime is found in which the evolution of the condensate when the barrier is ramped-up sufficiently slow {\it is not} to the ground-state which is a fragmented condensate, but to a low-lying excited-state which is a coherent condensate. Experimental implications are discussed. 
Alexej I. Streltsov, Ofir E. Alon and Lorenz S. Cederbaum