Preparation of large-scale ring carbon nanotube networks and a general   growth mechanism for carbon nanotubes
  Large-scale fully interconnected ring carbon nanotube (CNT) networks were first prepared using thermo chemical vapor deposition in nano-channel network templates of porous anodic alumina. This conductive CNT network film consists of billions of nanotube segments with a single layer, and could be made as large as the centimeter size of the template, with a uniform two-dimensional ring topological structure. These CNT networks could be grown from tiny Fe/Co catalyst particles which were electro-deposited into the templates, or totally without additional metallic catalysts. The common interconnected ring topology suggests a both-tip growth mechanism in which the growth of every CNT should occurs at both ends by the incorporation of carbon clusters until they connect into other CNTs. Comparing the different morphology of CNT networks grown with and without catalyst particles, we found that the local concentration of carbon clusters should play the key role for the continued growth of CNTs. 
Zhi-An Ren and Jun Akimitsu