The Outskrits of Spiral Galaxies: Evidence for Multiple Stellar   Populations
  We present an analysis of the metallicity distribution functions of fields projected along the minor axis for a sample of inclined spiral galaxies in order to search for evidence of the presence of multiple stellar populations. In all cases, the stellar populations appear to have asymmetric metallicity distributions with very high confidence levels. The mean metallicities of both stellar subpopulations, determined from mixture modelling of the metallicity distribution functions, correlate with parent galaxy luminosity. This suggests that the vast majority of field stars have probably formed in galactic fragments that were already embedded in the dark matter halo of the final galaxy. The steeper correlation between the mean stellar metallicity and parent galaxy luminosity is driven by an increasing fraction of metal-rich stars with increasing galaxy luminosity. Metal-poor components show larger dispersion in metallicity than metal-rich components. These properties are in striking similarity with those of globular cluster subpopulations around early-type galaxies. The properties of field stars along the minor axis are consistent with a formation scenario in which the metal-poor stars formed in all galaxies, possibly as a result of tidal disruption of dwarf-like objects. An additional metal-rich component might be related to the formation of the bulge and/or the disk. 
M. Mouhcine