The meaning of manufacturing know-how
  This paper investigates the phenomenon of manufacturing know-how. First, the abstract notion of knowledge is discussed, and a terminological basis is introduced to treat know-how as a kind of knowledge. Next, a brief survey of the recently reported works dealt with manufacturing know-how is presented, and an explicit definition of know-how is formulated. Finally, the problem of utilizing know-how with knowledge-based systems is analyzed, and some ideas useful for its solving are given. 
V.V. Kryssanov, V.A. Abramov, Y. Fukuda, K. Konishi