A stochastical model for periodic domain structuring in ferroelectric   crystals
  A stochastical description is applied in order to understand how ferroelectric structures can be formed. The predictions are compared with experimental data of the so-called electrical fixing: Domains are patterned in photorefractive lithium niobate crystals by the combination of light-induced space-charge fields with externally applied electrical fields. In terms of our stochastical model the probability for domain nucleation is modulated according to the sum of external and internal fields. The model describes the shape of the domain pattern as well as the effective degree of modulation. 
Felix Kalkum, Helge A. Eggert, Tobias Jungk, and Karsten Buse