Ponderomotive scattering of an electron-bunch before injection into a   laser wakefield
  For the purpose of laser wakefield acceleration, it turned out that also the injection of electron bunches longer than a plasma wavelength can generate accelerated femtosecond bunches with relatively low energy spread. This is of high interest because such injecting bunches can be provided, e.g., by state-of-the-art photo cathode RF guns. Here we point out that when an e-bunch is injected in the wakefield it is important to take into account the ponderomotive scattering of the injecting bunch by the laser pulse in the vacuum region located in front of the plasma. At low energies of the injected bunch this scattering results in a significant drop of the collection efficiency. Larger collection efficiency can by reached with lower intensity laser pulses and relatively high injection energies. We also estimate the minimum trapping energy for the injected electrons and the length of the trapped bunch. 
A. G. Khachatryan, M. J. H. Luttikhof, F. A. van Goor, and K.-J.   Boller