The spectral energy distribution of PKS 2004-447: a compact   steep-spectrum source and possible radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy
  (abridged) The spectral energy distribution (SED) of the compact steep spectrum (CSS) source and possible radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1), PKS2004-447, is presented. Five out of six well studied RL NLS1 share this dual classification (optically defined as a NLS1 with radio definition of a CSS or giga-hertz peaked spectrum (GPS) source). The SED is created from simultaneous observations at radio (ATCA), optical/NIR (Siding Spring) and UV/X-ray (XMM-Newton) wavelengths. The X-ray data show evidence of short-term variability, a possible soft excess, and negligible absorption. Together with the rest of the SED, the X-ray emission is excessive in comparison to synchrotron plus synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models. The SED can be described with a two component model consisting of extended synchrotron/SSC emission with Comptonisation in the X-rays, though SSC models with a very high electron-to-magnetic energy density ratio cannot be excluded either. The peak emission in the SED appears to be in the near infrared, which can be attributed to thermal emission from a dusty torus. Analysis of a non-contemporaneous, low resolution optical spectrum suggests that the narrow-line region (NLR) is much more reddened than the X-ray emitting region suggesting that the gas-to-dust ratio in PKS2004-447 may be very different then in our own Galaxy. Long-term radio monitoring of PKS2004-447 shows a rather constant light curve over nearly a six month period with the exception of one outburst when the 6.65GHz flux increased by ~35% over 19 days. In comparison to general samples of GPS sources, which appear to be X-ray weak, NLS1-CSS/GPS sources possess stronger X-ray emission relative to radio, and lower intrinsic absorption than GPS sources of similar X-ray luminosity. 
L. C. Gallo, P. G. Edwards, E. Ferrero, J. Kataoka, D. R. Lewis, S. P.   Ellingsen, Z. Misanovic, W. F. Welsh, M. Whiting, T...