Estimation for the discretely observed telegraph process
  The telegraph process $\{X(t), t>0\}$, is supposed to be observed at $n+1$ equidistant time points $t_i=i\Delta_n,i=0,1,..., n$. The unknown value of $\lambda$, the underlying rate of the Poisson process, is a parameter to be estimated. The asymptotic framework considered is the following:   $\Delta_n \to 0$, $n\Delta_n = T \to \infty$ as $n \to \infty$. We show that previously proposed moment type estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal but not efficient. We study further an approximated moment type estimator which is still not efficient but comes in explicit form. For this estimator the additional assumption $n\Delta_n^3 \to 0$ is required in order to obtain asymptotic normality. Finally, we propose a new estimator which is consistent, asymptotically normal and asymptotically efficient under no additional hypotheses. 
stefano m. iacus, nakahiro yoshida