Characterization of doping levels in heteronuclear, gas-phase, van der   Waals clusters and their energy absorption from an intense optical field
  A simple mass spectrometric method has been developed to quantify dopant levels in heteronuclear clusters in the gas phase. The method is demonstrated with reference to quantification of the water content in supersonic beams of water-doped argon clusters. Such doped clusters have assumed much importance in the context of recently-reported doping-induced enhancement in the emission of energetic charged particles and photons upon their interaction with intense laser pulses. We have also measured the energy that a doped cluster absorbs from the optical field; we find that energy absorption increases with increasing level of doping. The oft-used linear model of energy absorption is found to be quantitatively inadequate. 
J. Jha, P. Sharma, V. Nataraju, R. K. Vatsa, D. Mathur, and M.   Krishnamurthy