Constraining TeVeS Gravity as Effective Dark Matter and Dark Energy
  The phenomena customly described with the standard $\Lambda$CDM model are broadly reproduced by an extremely simple model in TeVeS, Bekenstein's (2004) modification of General Relativity motivated by galaxy phenomenology. Our model can account for the acceleration of the universe seen in SNeIa distances without a cosmological constant, and the accelerations seen rotation curves of nearby spiral galaxies and gravitational lensing of high-redshift elliptical galaxies without cold dark matter. The model is consistent with BBN and the neutrino mass. The TeVeS scalar field is shown to play the effective dural roles of Dark Matter and Dark Energy with the amplitudes of the effects controled by a $\mu$-function of the scalar field, called the $\mu-$essence here. We also discuss outliers to the theory's predictions on multi-imaged galaxy lenses and outliers on sub-galaxy scale. 
HongSheng Zhao