Anisotropic Outflows and IGM Enrichment
  We have designed an analytical model for the evolution of anisotropic galactic outflows. These outflows follow the path of least resistance, and thus travel preferentially into low-density regions, away from cosmological structures where galaxies form. We show that anisotropic outflows can significantly enrich low-density systems with metals. 
Hugo Martel, Matthew M. Pieri, Cedric Grenon