Unitary theory of laser Carrier-Envelope Phase effects
  We consider a quantum state interacting with a short intense linearly polarized laser pulse. Using the two-dimensional time representation and Floquet picture we establish a straightforward connection between the laser carrier-envelope phase (CEP) and the wave function. This connection is revealed as a unitary transformation in the space of Floquet components. It allows any CEP effect to be interpreted as an interference between the components and to put limits on using the CEP in coherent control. A 2-level system is used to illustrate the theory. On this example we demonstrate strong intensity sensitivity of the CEP effects and predict an effect for pulses much longer than the oscillation period of the carrier. 
V. Roudnev and B.D. Esry