Spectroscopic Data Analysis for Precise Determination of Stellar   Temperatures
  The ratio of the depths of spectral lines is a powerful indicator of the effective temperature. The method based on this analysis is capable of discerning small temperature variations of individual stars.   We apply this spectroscopic data analysis to three type of stars, namely an RS CVn type binary system, a young solar-type star and a Cepheid variable. We show that individual LDRs converted into temperature through calibration relations lead to rotational and pulsational modulation of the average surface temperature with amplitudes of 127 K, 48 K and 1466 K in the three types of stars, with average estimated errors of some tens Kelvin degrees. 
K. Biazzo (1), A. Frasca (2), S. Catalano (2), E. Marilli (2) ((1)   Universita' di Catania, (2) INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisi...