Electrorheological suspensions of laponite in oil: rheometry studies   under steady shear
  We have studied the effect of an external DC electric field (~kV/mm) on the rheological properties of colloidal suspensions consisting of aggregates of laponite particles in a silicone oil. Microscopy observations show that under application of an electric field greater than a triggering electric field E_c~0.6 kV/mm, laponite aggregates assemble into chain- and/or column-like structures in the oil. Without an applied electric field, the steady state shear behavior of such suspensions is Newtonian-like. Under application of an electric field larger than E_c, it changes dramatically as a result of the changes in the microstructure: a significant yield stress is measured, and under continuous shear the fluid is shear-thinning. The rheological properties, in particular the dynamic and static shear stress, were studied as a function of particle volume fraction, for various strengths(including null) of the applied electric field. The flow curves under continuous shearing can be scaled with respect to both particle fraction and electric field strength, onto a master curve. This scaling is consistent with simple scaling arguments. The shape of the master curve accounts for the system's complexity; it approaches a standard Herschel-Bulkley model at high Manson numbers. Both dynamic and static yield stress are observed to depend on the particle fraction \phi and electric field E as \phi^\beta E^\alpha, with \alpha~1.85, and \beta~1 and 1.70, for the dynamic and static yield stresses, respectively. The measured yield stress behavior may be explained in terms of standard conduction models for electrorheological systems. Interesting prospects include using such systems for self-guided assembly of clay nano-particles. 
K. P. S. Parmar, Y. Meheust, and J. O. Fossum