Spin Hall effect by surface roughness
  The spin Hall effect and its inverse effect, caused by the spin orbit interaction, provide the interconversion between spin current and charge current. Since the effects make it possible to generate and manipulate spin current electrically, how to realize the large effects is an important issue in both physics and applications. To do so, materials with heavy elements, which have strong spin orbit interaction, have been examined so far. Here, we propose a new mechanism to enhance the spin Hall effect without heavy elements, \ie surface roughness in metallic thin films. We examine Cu and Al thin films with surface roughness and find that they give the spin Hall effect comparable to that in bulk Au. We demonstrate that the spin Hall effect induced by surface roughness has the side jump contribution but not skew scattering. 
Lingjun Zhou, Vahram L. Grigoryan, Sadamichi Maekawa, Xuhui Wang,   Jiang Xiao
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall