Enhancement and termination of the superconducting proximity effect due   to atomic-scale defects visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy
  Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we have studied the proximity effect at the interfaces between superconducting Pb island structures and metallic Pb-induced striped-incommensurate phase formed on a Si(111) substrate. Our real-space observation revealed that the step structures on the two-dimensional metallic layer exhibit significant roles on the propagation of the superconducting pair correlation; the proximity effect is terminated by the steps, and in the confined area by the interface and the steps the effect is enhanced. The observed results are explained quantitatively with an elastic reflection of electrons at the step edges based on calculations with the quasi-classical Green's function formulation using Usadel equation. 
Howon Kim, Shi-Zeng Lin, Matthias J. Graf, Takeo Kato, and Yukio   Hasegawa
cond-mat.mes-hall