A Mobile Management System for Reforming Subsidies Distribution in   Developing Countries
  This paper has a specific objective of being useful for showing how the advances in mobile technologies can help for solving social and political aspects involved in the reform of subsidies in developing countries. It describes the work done to build a mobile-based supportive network that integrates all subsidies partners: governmental, non-governmental organizations, merchants, and beneficiaries. One main contribution of this work is the setting of a framework for identifying the requirements of subsidies distribution information systems. In the proposed approach, seven domains were identified to build a Mobile Subsidizing Business Model (MSBM). Based on MSBM, detailed requirements were gathered in three stages, with each having its appropriate methodology. In this work, we focus on the layered architecture implementation of the subsidizing mobile system to breakdown the complexities, which are due to variations of mobile technologies, different business rules, and multiple distribution scenarios. 
T.El-Shishtawy
cs.CY