A mathematical and Physical Model Improves Accuracy in Simulating Solid   Material Relaxation Modulus and Viscoelastic Responses
  We propose a new material viscoelastic model and mathematical solution to simulate relaxation modulus and viscoelastic response. The model formula of relaxation modulus is extended from sigmoidal function considering nonlinear strain hardening and softening. Its physical mechanism can be interpreted by a spring network viscous medium model with only five parameters in a simpler format than the molecular-chain based polymer models to represent general materials. We also developed a three-dimensional finite-element method and robust numerical algorithms to implement this model for solving partial differential equations. We validate the model through both experimental data and numerical simulations on a broad range of materials including bitumen, shape-memory polymer, spider-inspired silk, hydrogel, biomaterials and bone. By satisfying the 2nd law of thermodynamics in the form of Calusius-Duhem inequality, the model is able to simulate creep and sinusoidal deformation, and energy dissipation. As compared to Prony series, the most general model being used often with a large number of model parameters, the proposed model has improved accuracy in fitting experimental data and predicting modulus outside of the experimental range, and the latter one is especially useful for material design. The new model also has higher numerical accuracy while competitive numerical stability and computation speed for convergence. 
Qinwu Xu, Bjorn Engquist
cond-mat.mtrl-sci