Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for real time and online elemental   analysis
  Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser based diagnostics used to study atomic emission from the expanding plasma plume formed during the laser-matter interaction. It provides valuable information about the composition of the target material. LIBS has proved its potential application in the analysis of impurities, pollutants and toxic elements in various types of matrices of different samples (solid, liquid and gases), even those present under difficult and harsh environmental conditions. This article reviews some recent developments in the field, and its wide application in various fields of research and analysis. 
V. N. Rai, Awadhesh K. Rai, Fang-Yu Yueh and J. P. Singh
physics.optics physics.plasm-ph