Dry granular flows: rheological measurements of the $\mu(I)$-Rheology
  Granular materials do not flow homogeneously like fluids when submitted to external stress,but often form rigid regions that are separated by narrow shear bands where the material yields and flows. This shear localization impacts their apparent rheology, which makes it difficult to infer a constitutive behaviour from conventional rheometric measurements. Moreover, they present a dilatant behaviour, which makes their study in classical fixedvolume geometries difficult. These features led to perform extensive studies with inclined plane flows, which were of crucial importance for the development and the validation of the $\mu(I)$ rheology. Our aim is to develop a method to characterize granular materials with rheometrical tools. Using unusual rheometry measurements in an annular shear cell adapted from Boyer et al. (2011), dense granular flows are studied. A focus is placed on the comparison between the present results and the $\mu(I)$-rheology. 
Abdoulaye Fall, Guillaume Ovarlez, David Hautemayou, C\'edric   M\'ezi\`ere, Jean-No\"el Roux and Fran\c{c}ois Chevoir
physics.flu-dyn cond-mat.soft