Simplicity in cosmology: add virialisation, remove $\Lambda$, keep   classical GR
  Present-day extragalactic observations are mostly rather well-modelled by a general-relativistic model, the $\Lambda$ CDM model. The model appears to surpass the limits of known physics by requiring that the Universe be dominated by "dark energy". However, the model sacrifices physical simplicity in favour of applied mathematical simplicity. A physically simpler, general-relativistic alternative to the $\Lambda$ CDM model is described here, along with preliminary observational checks. Thus, it will be argued that extragalactic observations such as the distance-modulus--redshift relation of type Ia supernovae are well-modelled within classical general relativity, without the addition of "new physics". 
Boudewijn F. Roukema
physics.gen-ph