Synthesis of nanographite by laser induced thermal expansion of H2SO4   intercalated graphite lattice
  We have experimentally investigated the expansion mechanism induced by laser irradiation of H2SO4 intercalated graphite. Intercalated graphite materials irradiated by laser allows to study reactions occurring in confined chemical conditions. We find that the laser-assisted reaction process is characterized by a threshold temperature of about 140{\deg}C followed by a fast rate of heating which produces a large amount of overheated gases and causes a violent expansion of the graphite crystal. We investigate the morphological changes undergone by irradiated graphite filaments using a combination of thermal and visible imaging technique which allows for the quantitative determination of temporal evolution of the thermal field during the heating stage and exfoliation of the grain. 
G. Carotenuto, A. Longo, L. Nicolais, S. De Nicola, E. Pugliese, M.   Ciofini, M. Locatelli, A. Lapucci, R. Meucci
cond-mat.mtrl-sci