Second variation of domain functionals and applications to problems with   Robin boundary conditions
  In this paper the first and second domain variation for functionals related to elliptic boundary and eigenvalue problems with Robin boundary conditions is computed. Minimality and maximality properties of the ball among nearly circular domains of given volume are derived. The discussion leads to the investigation of the eigenvalues of a Steklov eigenvalue problem. As a byproduct a general characterization of the optimal shapes is obtained. 
Catherine Bandle, Alfred Wagner
math.OC