Strong Coupling Between Whispering Gallery Photons and Spin States of   Iron Group Impurity Ions
  Interaction of Whispering Gallery Modes (WGM) with dilute spin ensembles in solids is an interesting paradigm of Hybrid Quantum Systems potentially beneficial for Quantum Signal Processing applications. In the present work, WGM spectroscopy of Rare-Earth doped YSO crystal reveals the existence of Iron Group Ion (IGI) co-dopings with concentration levels of order 100 ppb. The IGI spin ensembles demonstrate large Zero Field Splittings at 14.7GHz, 18.4GHz and 25.4GHz, considerable anisotropy of the \textrm{g}-tensors, as well as two inequivalent lattice sites. Strong coupling regimes between an ensemble of IGI spins and WGM photons have been demonstrated at $18.4$ GHz and near zero field. This approach together with useful optical properties of these ions opens a new avenue for 'spins-in-solids' Quantum Electrodynamics. 
Maxim Goryachev, Warrick G. Farr, Natalia C. Carvalho, Daniel L.   Creedon, Jean-Michel Le Floch, Sebastian Probst, Pavel Bu...
cond-mat.mes-hall