Non-Perturbative Dynamics, Pair Condensation, Confinement and Dynamical   Masses in Massless QED2+1
  Quantum electrodynamics in three spacetime dimensions, with one massless fermion species, is studied using a non-perturbative variational approach. Quantization of the theory follows Dirac's Hamiltonian procedure, with a gauge invariant factorization of the physical degrees of freedom. Due to pair condensation in the vacuum state, the symmetry of parity is spontaneously broken. As a consequence, fermionic quasi-particles propagating in the condensate can be identified and are seen to possess a confining dynamical mass, while the propagating physical electromagnetic mode also acquires a non-vanishing dynamical mass. The issues of gauge invariance and confinement of the constituent fermions are carefully discussed. 
Micha\"el Fanuel (1), Jan Govaerts (1,2) ((1) CP3, UCL,   Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, (2) ICMPA-UNESCO, Cotonou, Rep. Benin)
hep-th