A Poincare-Starobinsky-Yang-Mills type model of dark energy
  Starting from the Poincare Gauge principle and a Starobinsky-Yang-Mills type Lagrangian a model of dark energy is developed. In order to evade any unnecessary controversy regarding frames (i.e. Einstein .vs. Jordan) the theory is treated using the original variables instead of transforming them to a scalar-tensor theory. The field equations are derived directly from the original Lagrangian using the variational principle. The cosmological equations are different from the Friedmann equations, but the acceleration equation gives the same result as the one of the $\Lambda $CDM model in the matter-dominated era. Furthermore, it indicates an inflation in the early time and the radiation-dominated era as the Starobinsky model. The cosmological constant naturally emerges from the Yang-Mills terms of the Lagrangian rather than be added artificially. The equation of state of the dark energy depends on the density of the matter and then the coincidence and fine tuning problem is solved naturally.   In order to compare with the popular $\Lambda $CDM model, the cosmological perturbations is investigated. The equations for linear perturbations of the metric and for the density contrast growth are derived. The explicit analytic solutions are obtained. The gravitational potential and the growth of the baryon matter density perturbation can be used to clarify whether this model is in agreement with standard $\Lambda $CDM predictions and experimental data. 
Jianbo Lu, G.Y. Chee
gr-qc