Direct numerical simulation of a compressible multiphase flow through   the fast Eulerian approach
  Our work is motivated by the analysis of ash plume dynamics, arising in the study of volcanic eruptions. Such phenomena are characterized by large Reynolds number (exceeding $10^7$) and a large number of polydispersed particles~[1]. Thus, the choice of the methodology to be used is straightforward: we need LES of a multiphase gas-particles flow. Since the simulation of the behavior of a large number of dispersed particles is very difficult with Lagrangian methods, we model the particles as a continuum, Eulerian fluid (dust), by using reduced models involving two fluids, as proposed in Ref.~[2,3,4]. Moreover, we need a robust numerical scheme to simultaneously treat compressibility, buoyancy effects and turbulent dispersal dynamics.   We analyze the turbulence properties of such models in a homogeneous and isotropic setting, with the aim of formulating a LES model. In particular, we examine the development of freely decaying homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in subsonic regime (the r.m.s. Mach number either 0.2 or 0.5) using OpenFOAM\textsuperscript{\textregistered}, which is one of the best known CFD open source software packages. 
Matteo Cerminara, Luigi Carlo Berselli, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro and   Maria Vittoria Salvetti
physics.flu-dyn math.AP math.NA physics.comp-ph