Local changes in the total electron content immediately before the 2009   Abruzzo earthquake
  Ionospheric TEC (Total Electron Content) variations derived from GPS measurements at 17 stations before and after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake (EQ) of magnitude Mw6.3 were processed and analyzed. The analysis included interpolated and non-interpolated TEC data. Variations in the TEC of both regional and local characteristics were revealed. Several regional changes were observed in the studied period: 1 Jan-21 Apr. 2009. After analyzing non-interpolated TEC data of 5 GPS stations in Central Italy (Unpg (Perugia), Untr, Aqui (Aquila), M0se (Roma) and Paca (Palma)), a local disturbance of TEC was also found. This local TEC disturbance arises preparatory to the EQ main shock occurred at 01:32 UT on 06 April 2009, maximizes its amplitude of ~ 0.8 TECu after the shock moment and disappears after it. The TEC disturbance was localized at heights below 160 km, i.e. in the lower ionosphere. 
Petko Nenovski, Michael Pezzopane, Luigi Ciraolo, Massimo Vellante,   Umberto Villante and Marcello DeLauretis
physics.geo-ph physics.space-ph