Energetics of active fluctuations in living cells
  The nonequilibrium activity taking place in a living cell can be monitored with a tracer embedded in the medium. While microrheology experiments based on optical manipulation of such probes have become increasingly standard, we put forward a number of experiments with alternative protocols that, we claim, will provide new insight into the energetics of active fluctuations. These are based on either performing thermodynamic--like cycles in control-parameter space, or on determining response to external perturbations of the confining trap beyond simple translation. We illustrate our proposals on an active itinerant Brownian oscillator modeling the dynamics of a probe embedded in a living medium. 
\'Etienne Fodor, Kiyoshi Kanazawa, Hisao Hayakawa, Paolo Visco,   Fr\'ed\'eric van Wijland
cond-mat.soft physics.bio-ph