Landau superfluids as non equilibrium stationary states
  We define a superfluid state to be a nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS), which, at zero temperature, satisfies certain \emph{metastability conditions}, which physically express that there should be a sufficiently small energy-momentum transfer between the particles of the fluid and the surroundings (e.g., pipe). It is shown that two models, the Girardeau model and the Huang-Yang-Luttinger (HYL) model describe superfluids in this sense and, moreover, that, in the case of the HYL model, the metastability condition is directly related to Nozi\`{e}res' conjecture that, due to the repulsive interaction, the condensate does not suffer fragmentation into two (or more) parts, thereby assuring its quantum coherence. The models are rigorous examples of NESS in which the system is not finite, but rather a many-body system. \end{abstract} 
Walter F. Wreszinski
math-ph math.MP quant-ph