Frequency response of an atomic resonance driven by weak   free-electron-laser fluctuating pulses
  Motivated by recent experiments pertaining to the interaction of weak SASE-FEL pulses with atoms and molecules, we investigate the conditions under which such interactions can be described in the framework of a simple phase-diffusion model with decorrelated atom-field dynamics. The nature of the fluctuations that are inevitably present in SASE-FEL pulses is shown to play a pivotal role in the success of the decorrelation. Our analysis is performed in connection with specific recent experimental results from FLASH in the soft X-ray regime. 
G M Nikolopoulos and P Lambropoulos
quant-ph physics.atom-ph