Quantum gambling based on Nash-equilibrium
  A fair gambling is hard to be made between two spatially separated parties without introducing a trusted third party. Here we propose a novel gambling protocol, which enables fair gambling between two distant parties without the help of a third party. By incorporating the key concepts and methods of game theory, our protocol will force the two parties to move their strategies to a Nash-equilibrium point which guarantees the fairness through the physical laws of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we show that our protocol can be easily adapted to a biased version, which would find applications in lottery, casino, etc. A proof-of-principle optical demonstration of this protocol is reported as well. 
Pei Zhang, Xiao-Qi Zhou, Yun-Long Wang, Peter J. Shadbolt, Yong-Sheng   Zhang, Hong Gao, Fu-Li Li and Jeremy L. O'Brien
quant-ph