Conceptual Design Of An Ideal Variable Coupler For Superconducting   Radiofrequency 1.3GHz Cavities
  Inspired by the development of over-moded RF component as an undulator, we explored another over-moded structure that could serve the variable coupling for SRF purpose. This application is to fulfill variation of S11 from 0 to -20db with CW power of 7 KW. The static heat loss in the coupler is trivial from calculation. An advantage of this coupler is that the thermal isolation between the 2K and 300K section is considerable by vacuum separation. Within this coupler, only a single propagation mode is allowed at each section, and thus, the fact that no energy is converted to high order mode bring almost full match without loss. The analytical and numerical calculation for a two window variable coupler is designed and optimized. A RF power variation is illustrated in the scattering matrix and coupling to cavity is also discussed. 
Chen Xu and Sami Tantawi
physics.acc-ph