Determining the nature of orbits in a three-dimensional galaxy model   hosting a BL Lacertae object
  A three-dimensional dynamical model for a galaxy hosting a BL Lacertae object is constructed. The model consists of a logarithmic potential representing an elliptical host galaxy with a bulge of radius $c_b$ and a dense massive nucleus. Using numerical experiments, we try to distinguish between regular and chaotic motion in both 2D and 3D system. In particular, we investigate how the basic parameters of our model, such as the mass of the nucleus, the internal perturbation and the flattening parameters influence the amount and the degree of chaos. Interesting correlations are presented for both 2D and 3D dynamical models. Our numerical results are explained and supported using elementary theoretical arguments and analytical calculations. Of particular interest, is the local integral of motion which have been found to exist in the vicinity of stable periodic points. The obtained numerical outcomes of the present research, are linked and also compared with several data derived from observations. 
Euaggelos E. Zotos
astro-ph.GA nlin.CD