Adaptive discontinuous Galerkin methods on surfaces
  We present a dual weighted residual-based a posteriori error estimate for a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximation of a linear second-order elliptic problem on compact smooth connected and oriented surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ which are implicitly represented as level sets of a smooth function. We show that the error in the energy norm may be split into a "residual part" and a higher order "geometric part". Upper and lower bounds for the resulting a posteriori error estimator are proven and we consider a number of challenging test problems to demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the estimator. We also present a novel "geometric" driven refinement strategy for PDEs on surfaces which considerably improves the performance of the method on complex surfaces. 
Andreas Dedner and Pravin Madhavan
math.NA