Spin Seebeck Effect in Asymmetric Four-Terminal Systems with Rashba   Spin-Orbit Coupling
  We propose a new type of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) emerging from the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in asymmetric four-terminal electron systems. This system generates spin currents or spin voltages along the longitudinal direction parallel to the temperature gradient in the absence of magnetic fields. The remarkable result arises from the breaking of reflection symmetry along the transverse direction. In the meantime, the SSE along the transverse direction, so-called the spin Nernst effect, with spin currents or spin voltages perpendicular to the temperature gradient can be simultaneously realized in our system. We further find that it is possible to use the temperature differences between four leads to tune the spin Seebeck coefficients. 
Jun Zhou, Biao Wang, Mengjie Li, Tsuneyoshi Nakayama, and Baowen Li
cond-mat.mes-hall