Stirring by multi-cylinder in potential flow
  We consider the enhanced mixing due to multiple cylinders organised in schools moving synchronously in a potential flow. Here simple interactions between cylinders are modelled by the method of image doublets. This is an extension to Thiffeault \& Childress's work [\emph{Physics Letters A} \textbf{374}, 3487 (2010)] where fluid particle displacements due to non-interacting swimmers were analysed to produce an effective diffusivity that may have a significant impact in ocean mixing. Our results show that schools of two cylinders induce nonlinearly boosted diffusivity compared with the non-interacting case for general configuration parameters, except when they move along a straight line with small separation. We attribute this phenomenon to two different physical mechanisms via which interacting cylinders cooperate to generate long particle drifts depending on their formation. Finally, the effective diffusivity of schools of three or more cylinders in various configurations are also discussed. 
Zhi Lin and Yuanzhao Zhang
physics.flu-dyn