Photon-neutrino scattering and the B-mode spectrum of CMB photons
  On the basis of the quantum Boltzmann equation governing the time-evolution of the density matrix of polarized CMB photons in the primordial scalar perturbations of metric, we calculate the B-mode spectrum of polarized CMB photons contributed from the scattering of CMB photons and CNB neutrinos (Cosmic Neutrino Background). We show that such contribution to the B-mode spectrum is negligible for small $\ell$, however is significantly large for $50 < \ell< 200$ by plotting our results together with the BICEP2 data. Our study and results imply that in order to theoretically better understand the origin of the observed B-mode spectrum of polarized CMB photons ($r$-parameter), it should be necessary to study the relevant and dominate processes in both tensor and scalar perturbations. 
Jafar Khodagholizadeh, Rohoollah Mohammadi and She-Sheng Xue
astro-ph.CO astro-ph.HE hep-ph