Wide optical spectrum range, sub-volt, compact modulator based on   electro-optic polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide
  We design and demonstrate a compact and low-power band-engineered electro-optic (EO) polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) modulator. The EO polymer is engineered for large EO activity and near-infrared transparency. A PCW step coupler is used for optimum coupling to the slow-light mode of the band-engineered PCW. The half-wave switching-voltage is measured to be V{\pi}=0.97+-0.02V over optical spectrum range of 8nm, corresponding to the effective in-device r33 of 1190pm/V and V{\pi} L of 0.291+-0.006V mm in a push-pull configuration. Excluding the slow-light effect, we estimate the EO polymer is poled with an efficiency of 89pm/V in the slot. 
Xingyu Zhang, Amir Hosseini, Jingdong Luo, Alex K.-Y. Jen, and Ray T.   Chen
physics.optics