Graphoepitaxy for Pattern Multiplication of Nanoparticle Monolayers
  We compute the free energy minimizing structures of particle monolayers in the presence of enthalpic barriers of a finite height \b{eta}Vext using classical density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. We show that a periodic square template with dimensions up to at least ten times the particle diameter disrupts the formation of the entropically favored hexagonally close-packed 2D lattice in favor of a square lattice. The results illustrate how graphoepitaxy can successfully order nanoparticulate films into desired patterns many times smaller than those of the prepatterned template. 
Mark E. Ferraro, Roger T. Bonnecaze, and Thomas M. Truskett
cond-mat.soft