Heating and small-size instantons in the $O(3) \:\sigma$ model on the   lattice
  We study the role of small-size instantons in the determination of the topological susceptibility of the 2-d $O(3) \: \sigma $ model on the lattice. In particular, we analyze how they affect the non-perturbative determination, by Monte Carlo techniques, of the renormalizations on the lattice. As a result, we obtain a high-precision non-perturbative determination of the mixing with the unity operator, finding good agreement with perturbative computations. We also obtain the size distribution of instantons in the physical vacuum up to very small values of the size in physical units, without observing any ultraviolet cut-off. Moreover, we show by analytical calculation that the mixing of the topological susceptibility with the action density is a negligible part of the whole non-perturbative signal. 
F. Farchioni and A. Papa