Evidences of Secular Dynamical Evolution in Disk Galaxies
  After a recall of fundamental concepts used in galactic dynamics, we review observational facts as well as results of orbit theory and numerical simulations which suggest long-term evolution of galaxies. Dynamical interactions between galaxy constituents (bulges, disks, bars, haloes, dark matter) are discussed and effects of external perturbations on internal structures are examined. We report recent developments on the connection between dynamical interaction processes and efficiency of star formation in galaxies of various morphological types. The Hubble sequence as an evolution sequence is revisited. 
Louis Martinet