Mapping the Dark Matter in Clusters
  Massive clusters of galaxies gravitationally shear the images of faint background galaxies. At large impact parameters the shear is weak, but can still be measured, to a reasonable degree of significance, as a statistical anisotropy of the faint galaxy images. We describe techniques for measuring the shear and discuss the interpretation of the shear field. We have applied this analysis to ms1224+007. We find a clear detection of the shear, but, puzzlingly, we find a mass about three times that obtained by application of the virial theorem, and obtain a very large mass-to-light ratio. Similar results have been obtained by other groups, and we discuss their implications. 
Nick Kaiser, Gordon Squires, Greg Fahlman and David Woods