A New Quantum Vortex Operator and Its Correlation Functions
  A new local and gauge invariant quantum vortex operator is constructed in three-dimensional gauge field theories. The correlation functions of this operator are evaluated exactly in pure Maxwell theory and by means of a loop expansion in the Abelian Higgs model. In the broken symmetry phase of the latter an explicit expression for the mass of the quantum vortices is obtained from the long distance exponential decay of the two-point function. 
E.C.Marino