Possible Electronic Structure of Domain Walls in Mott Insulators
  We discuss the quantum numbers of domain walls of minimal length induced by doping Mott insulators, carefully distinguishing between holon and hole walls. We define a minimal wall hypothesis that uniquely correlates the observed spatial structure with the doping level for the low-temperature commensurate insulating state of La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ and related materials at $x={1\over 8}$. We remark that interesting walls can be supported not only by conventional antiferromagnetic but also by orbital antiferromagnetic (staggered flux phase, $d$-density) bulk order. We speculate on the validity of the minimal wall hypothesis more generally, and argue that it plausibly explains several of the most striking anomalous features of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. 
Chetan Nayak and Frank Wilczek