Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the formation of columnar structures   in the primary visual cortex II --- Local organization of orientation modules
  Self-organization of orientation-wheels observed in the visual cortex is discussed from the view point of topology. We argue in a generalized model of Kohonen's feature mappings that the existence of the orientation-wheels is a consequence of Riemann-Hurwitz formula from topology. In the same line, we estimate partition function of the model, and show that regardless of the total number N of the orientation-modules per hypercolumn the modules are self-organized, without fine-tuning of parameters, into definite number of orientation-wheels per hypercolumn if N is large. 
Kengo Yamagishi