Gauss's Law, Gauge-Invariant States, and Spin and Statistics In Abelian   Chern-Simons Theories
  We discuss topologically massive QED --- the Abelian gauge theory in which (2+1)-dimensional QED with a Chern-Simons term is minimally coupled to a spinor field. We quantize the theory in covariant gauges, and construct a class of unitary transformations that enable us to embed the theory in a Fock space of states that implement Gauss's law. We show that when electron (and positron) creation and annihilation operators represent gauge-invariant charged particles that are surrounded by the electric and magnetic fields required by Gauss's law, the unitarity of the theory is manifest, and charged particles interact with photons and with each other through nonlocal potentials. These potentials include a Hopf-like interaction, and a planar analog of the Coulomb interaction. The gauge-invariant charged particle excitations that implement Gauss's law obey the identical anticommutation rules as do the original gauge-dependent ones. Rotational phases, commonly identified as planar `spin', are arbitrary, however. 
Kurt Haller and Edwin Lim-Lombridas (University of Connecticut)