Violation of universal Yukawa coupling and quark masses
  We analyse the quark mass hierarchy and CKM matrix using the universal Yukawa coupling model with small violations precisely. We estimate the ranges of the values of 8 violation parameters (delta1u, delta2u, delta3u, delta1d, delta2d, delta3d, phi2, phi3) in our quark mass matrices satisfying quark mass ratios and CKM matrix, where phi2, phi3 are phases. Without these phases, the solution   satisfying quark mass ratios and CKM matrix is not obtained. These parameters obtained can explain the CP violation effects. 
Tadayuki Teshima and Toyokazu Sakai