Effective Vortex Dynamics in Superfluid Systems
  An alternative approach to the derivation of the force on a vortex based in an adiabatic approximation in the action of the superfluid system is developed. Assuming that the vortex motion is relatively slow compared with the characteristic times involved in the microscopic degrees of freedom, the effect of the superfluid and its excitations is reduced to a gauge potential, and the associated transverse force. The vortex velocity part of the transverse force is found in terms of the thermal expectation of the angular momentum of the fluid around the vortex. The excitations countercirculate the vortex reducing the effective density to that of the superfluid part only.   Non-adiabatic contributions appear in this formalism as a non-Abelian gauge potential connecting different microscopic states, in particular the renormalization of the vortex mass is given by the lowest order diagonal correction to the adiabatic theory, and the long wavelength contributions found to depend only on the static structure factor for the fluid. 
C. Wexler and D. J. Thouless