ASCA PV observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4388: the obscured   nucleus and its X-ray emission
  We present results on the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC4388 in the Virgo cluster observed with ASCA during its PV phase. The 0.5-10 keV X-ray spectrum consists of multiple components; (1) a continuum component heavily absorbed by a column density NH = 4E23 cm-2 above 3 keV; (2) a strong 6.4 keV line (EW = 500 eV); (3) a weak flat continuum between 1 and 3 keV; and (4) excess soft X-ray emission below 1 keV. The detection of strong absorption for the hard X-ray component is firm evidence for an obscured active nucleus in this Seyfert 2 galaxy. The absorption corrected X-ray luminosity is about 2E42 erg/s. This is the first time that the fluorescent iron-K line has been detected in this object. The flat spectrum in the intermediate energy range may be a scattered continuum from the central source. The soft X-ray emission below 1 keV can be thermal emission from a temperature kT = 0.5 keV, consistent with the spatially extended emission observed by ROSAT HRI. However, the low abundance (0.05 Zs) and high mass flow rate required for the thermal model and an iron-K line stronger than expected from the obscuring torus model are puzzling. An alternative consistent solution can be obtained if the central source was a hundred times more luminous over than a thousand years ago. All the X-ray emission below 3 keV is then scattered radiation. 
K. Iwasawa, A.C. Fabian, S. Ueno, H. Awaki, Y. Fukazawa, K.   Matsushita, K. Makishima