An Interpretation of Radio-loud -- Radio-quiet QSO Differences
  Here we speculate on what observations are telling us about the difference between radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs. The observations are (i) the relation between ultraviolet-optical luminosity and `jet power', (ii) the dependences of emission and absorption line spectra, and the spectral energy distribution, on radio core-dominance, assumed to be an indicator of orientation, (iii) the spectral differences between radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs, and (iv) the inverse relation between the strength of broad, blended Fe\,II multiplets and [O\,III]\,$\lambda$5007, and the apparently-related association between Fe\,II strength, reddening, broad absorption lines, and scattering polarization. We present and discuss a picture in which there are two main variables: (i) the inclination of the plane of the host galaxy to the axis of the inner jet (the central engine's rotation axis), and (ii) the angle of the line-of-sight to this rotation axis. The radio-loud QSOs are those with jets aiming away from the plane of the host galaxy. 
Beverley J. Wills (University of Texas at Austin)