Electromagnetic Corrections to Pi Pi Scattering: Some Lessons for the   Implementation of Meson Exchange Models
  The leading non-Coulombic electromagnetic contributions to pi pi s-wave scattering lengths are computed in Chiral Perturbation Theory. It is shown that these corrections are zeroth order in the chiral expansion and associated with electromagnetic contact terms in the effective Lagrangian, i.e. that they do not involve explicit photon fields in the low-energy effective theory. It is pointed out that, if one followed the standard meson-exchange-model ansatz for removing electromagnetic effects, i.e. of subtracting contributions associated with explicit photon exchange and radiative corrections, as determined by the photon coupling vertices of the effective hadronic theory, one would completely miss these contributions and arrive at the erroneous conclusion that the strong interactions exhibited very large isospin breaking in pi pi scattering. Implications for electromagnetic "subtraction" procedures in other hadronic systems and the utility of the effective Lagrangian method for avoiding such errors are obvious. 
K. Maltman and C. E. Wolfe