Scaling of Low-Order Structure Functions in Homogeneous Turbulence
  High-resolution direct numerical simulation data for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence in a periodic box are used to study the scaling behavior of low-order velocity structure functions with positive and negative powers. Similar to high-order statistics, the low-order relative scaling exponents exhibit unambiguous departures from the Kolmogorov 1941 theory and agree well with existing multiscaling models. No transition from normal scaling to anomalous scaling is observed. 
Nianzheng Cao, Shiyi Chen and Katepalli R. Sreenivasan