The C/CO Ratio Problem:Chemical Effects of Turbulence
  We further discuss the suggestion that the chemistry in a photon-dominated region is coupled to that in the UV-shielded region behind it by turbulent t ransport processes. In addition to transport time-scales, we discuss why MHD waves/turbulence will likely cause transport instead of prohibiting it. 
Taoling Xie (LMA, Dept. of Astron., U of Maryland)