ASCA and ROSAT X-ray Spectra of High-Redshift Radio-Loud Quasars
  Results are presented on the X-ray properties of 9 high-redshift (1.2 < z < 3.4) radio-loud quasars (RLQs) observed by ASCA (10 observations) and ROSAT (11 observations, for a subset of 6 quasars). New ASCA observations of S5 0014+81 (z = 3.38) and S5 0836+71 (z = 2.17) and ROSAT observations of PKS 2126-158 for which results were never presented elsewhere, are included. A simple model consisting of a power law plus cold, uniform absorption gives acceptable fits to the spectra of all sources. The ASCA spectra of the 6 brightest objects show evidence for absorption in excess of the Galactic value at a << 99% confidence level. Comparison with the ROSAT data suggests that absorption has significantly varied ($\Delta N_{H} \sim 8$ $\times$ 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$) in the case of S5 0836+71, on a time-scale of $\sim$ 0.8 yr in the quasar frame. For the remaining 5 sources for which ROSAT spectra were available, the two instruments gave consistent results and the data were combined yielding unprecedent spectral coverage (typically $\sim$ 0.4-40 keV in the quasar frame) for high-z quasars. This allows to put severe limits on several different descriptions of the continuum (e.g. broken power law, bremsstrahlung, reflection component). No Fe K$\alpha$ emission line is detected in any of the ASCA spectra. An absorption edge consistent with Fe K$\alpha$ at the quasar redshift is marginally detected in S5 0014+81. Possible origins for the observed low energy absorption are discussed. In particular, contributions from the molecular clouds and dust present in our Galaxy (usually disregarded) are carefully considered. In the light of the new results for S5 0836+71 and S5 0014+81, absorption intrinsic to the quasars is considered and discussed. The average 
M. Cappi (RIKEN-Japan+ITeSRE-Bo), M. Matsuoka (RIKEN-Japan), A.   Comastri (Oss. di Bologna), W. Brinkmann (MPE), M. Elvis (...