Influence of radiative interatomic collisions on an atom laser
  We discuss the role of light absorption by pairs of atoms (radiative collisions) in the context of a model for an atom laser. The model is applied to the case of VSCPT cooling of metastable triplet helium. We show that, because of radiative collisions, for positive detuning of the driving light fields from an atomic resonance the operating conditions for the atom laser can only be marginally met. It is shown that the system only behaves as an atom laser if a very efficient sub-Doppler precooling mechanism is operative. In the case of negative frequency detuning the requirements on this sub-Doppler mechanism are less restricting, provided one avoids molecular resonances. 
T.W. Hijmans, G.V. Shlyapnikov, and A.L. Burin