The Rare Top Decays $t \to b W^+ Z$ and $t \to c W^+ W^-$
  The large value of the top quark mass implies that the rare top decays $t \rightarrow b W^+ Z, s W^+ Z$ and $d W^+ Z$, and $t \rightarrow c W^+ W^-$ and $u W^+ W^-$, are kinematically allowed decays so long as $m_t \ge m_W + m_Z + m_{d_i} \approx 171.5 GeV + m_{d_i}$ or $m_t \ge 2m_W + m_{u,c} \approx 160.6 GeV + m_{u,c}$, respectively. The partial decay widths for these decay modes are calculated in the standard model. The partial widths depend sensitively on the precise value of the top quark mass. The branching ratio for $t\rightarrow b W^+ Z$ is as much as $2 \times 10^{-5}$ for $m_t = 200 GeV$, and could be observable at LHC. The rare decay modes $t \rightarrow c W^+ W^-$ and $u W^+ W^-$ are highly GIM-suppressed, and thus provide a means for testing the GIM mechanism for three generations of quarks in the u, c, t sector. 
Elizabeth Jenkins