H_0 from HST
  HST has so far provided Cepheid distances to nine galaxies. Although not sufficient yet to determine the distance of the extended Virgo cluster, they are decisive for the distance scale in two ways. (1) Seven of the galaxies contribute to a much improved calibration of the Tully-Fisher relation. Applying this to a complete sample of Virgo spirals one obtains a cluster distance of (m-M)=31.79 +/- 0.09. Other distance indicators support this value. The adopted linear distance of 22.0 +/- 0.8 Mpc combined with the cluster velocity of 1178 +/- 32 km s^-1 (in the CMB frame) gives H_0=54 +/- 2 (internal error). (2) Six of the galaxies have been the site of seven SNe Ia with well observed maxima. Their resulting calibration in absolute magnitudes gives M_B(max)=-19.53 +/- 0.07 and M_V(max)=-19.49 +/- 0.07 with negligible intrinsic scatter. If this calibration is used to determine the distances of all distant SNe Ia with known maxima and with 1100 < v < 30'000 km s^-1, H_0 becomes 56 +/- 3 (internal error). Systematic errors tend to make this an upper limit; in particular the case H_0 >= 70 can be excluded.   The conclusion is that the large-scale value of the Hubble constant is H_0=55 +/- 10 (external error). 
G.A. Tammann(1), L. Labhardt (1), M. Federspiel (1), A. Sandage (2),   A. Saha (3), F.D. Macchetto (3), and N. Panagia (3) (...