Fusion of strings and cosmic rays at ultrahigh energies
  It is shown that the fusion of strings is a source of particle production in nucleus--nucleus collisions outside the kinematical limits of nucleon--nucleon collisions. This fact, together with another effect of string fusion, the reduction of multiplicities, sheds some light on two of the main problems of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, the chemical composition and the energy of the most energetic detected cosmic rays. 
N. Armesto, M. A. Braun, E. G. Ferreiro, C. Pajares and Yu. M.   Shabelski