Topological Defects in 3-d Euclidean Gravity
  By making use of the complete decomposition of SO(3) spin connection, the topological defect in 3-dimensional Euclidean gravity is studied in detail. The topological structure of disclination is given as the combination of a monopole structure and a vortex structure. Furthermore, the Kac-Moody algebra generated by the monopole and vortex is discussed in three dimensional Chern-Simons theory. 
Sheng Li, Yong Zhang and Zhongyuan Zhu