How Large are Dissipative Effects in Non-Critical Liouville String   Theory?
  In the context of non-critical Liouville strings, we clarify why we expect non-quantum-mechanical dissipative effects to be of order E^2/M_P, where E is a typical energy scale of the probe, and M_P is the Planck scale. In Liouville strings, energy is conserved {\it at best} only as a statistical average, as distinct from Lindblad systems, where it is {\it strictly} conserved at an operator level, and the magnitude of dissipative effects could only be much smaller. We also emphasize the importance of nonlinear terms in the evolution equation for the density matrix, which are important for any analysis of complete positivity. 
John Ellis (CERN), N.E. Mavromatos (Kings College London), D.V.   Nanopoulos (TAMU, HARC, Academy of Athens)