Q-ball formation in the MSSM with explicit CP violation
  Q-balls generically exist in the supersymmetric extensions of the standard model. Taking into account the additional sources of CP violation, which are naturally accomodated by the supersymmetric models, it is shown that the Q-ball matter depends additively on individual CP phases, whereas mass per unit charge in the Q-ball depends only on the relative phases. There are regions of the parameter space where there is no stable Q-ball solution in the CP-conserving limit whereas finite CP phases induce a stable Q-ball. 
M. Boz (Hacettepe), D. A. Demir (ICTP), N. K. Pak (METU)