ISO-SWS observations of pure rotational water absorption lines toward   Orion-IRc2
  First detections of thermal water vapor absorption lines have been made toward Orion IRc2 using the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Grating spectra covering wavelengths 25-45 micron yield 19 pure rotational lines, originating from energy levels 200-750 K above ground. Fabry-Perot spectra of 5 transitions resolve the line profiles and reveal the water gas kinematics. The fact that all lines are seen in absorption is in striking contrast with data from the ISO Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS), where the water lines appear in emission. At least one line displays a P-Cygni type profile, which suggests that the water is located in an expanding shell centered on or near IRc2. The expansion velocity is 18 km per second, in agreement with the value inferred from water maser observations by Genzel et al. (1981). Because the continuum is intense and likely formed in or near the water-containing gas, the excitation of the observed transitions is dominated by radiative processes. A simple, generalised curve-of-growth method is presented and used to analyze the data. A mean excitation temperature of 72 K and a total water column density of 1.5e18 molecules per cm squared are inferred, each with an estimated maximum uncertainty of 20%. Combined with the molecular hydrogen column density derived from ISO observations of the pure rotational lines, and an assumed temperature of 200-350 K, the inferred water abundance is 2e-4 to 5e-4 in the warm shocked gas. This abundance is similar to that found recently by Harwit et al. (1998) toward Orion using data from the LWS, but higher than that found for most other shocked regions by, for example, Liseau et al. (1996). 
C.M. Wright, E.F. van Dishoeck, J.H. Black, H. Feuchtgruber, J.   Cernicharo, E. Gonzalez-Alfonso, Th. de Graauw