GRBs from unstable Poynting dominated outflows
  Poynting flux driven outflows from magnetized rotators are a plausible explanation for gamma-ray burst engines. We suggest a new possibility for how such outflows might transfer energy into radiating particles. We argue that the Poynting flux drives non-linearly unstable large amplitude electromagnetic waves (LAEMW) which ``break'' at radii $r_t \sim 10^{14} $ cm where the MHD approximation becomes inapplicable. In the ``foaming'' (relativisticly reconnecting) regions formed during the wave breaks the random electric fields stochastically accelerate particles to ultrarelativistic energies which then radiate in turbulent electromagnetic fields. The typical energy of the emitted photons is a fraction of the fundamental Compton energy $ \epsilon \sim f \hbar c/r_e $ with $f \sim 10^{-3}$ plus additional boosting due to the bulk motion of the medium. The emission properties are similar to synchrotron radiation, with a typical cooling time $\sim 10^{-4}$ sec. During the wave break, the plasma is also bulk accelerated in the outward radial direction and at larger radii can produce afterglows due to the interactions with external medium. The near equipartition fields required by afterglow models maybe due to magnetic field regeneration in the outflowing plasma (similarly to the field generation by LAEMW of laser-plasma interactions) and mixing with the upstream plasma. 
Maxim Lyutikov (1), Eric G. Blackman (2) ((1) Canadian Institute for   Theoretical Astrophysics, (2) Dept. of Physics & Astr...