Entropy-based analysis of the number partitioning problem
  In this paper we apply the multicanonical method of statistical physics on the number-partitioning problem (NPP). This problem is a basic NP-hard problem from computer science, and can be formulated as a spin-glass problem. We compute the spectral degeneracy, which gives us information about the number of solutions for a given cost $E$ and cardinality $m$. We also study an extension of this problem for $Q$ partitions. We show that a fundamental difference on the spectral degeneracy of the generalized ($Q>2$) NPP exists, which could explain why it is so difficult to find good solutions for this case. The information obtained with the multicanonical method can be very useful on the construction of new algorithms. 
A.R. Lima and M. Argollo de Menezes