Auroral field-aligned currents by incoherent scatter plasma line   observations in the E region
  The aim of the Swedish-Japanese EISCAT campaign in February 1999 was to measure the ionospheric parameters inside and outside the auroral arcs. The ion line radar experiment was optimised to probe the E-region and lower F-region with as high a speed as possible. Two extra channels were used for the plasma line measurements covering the same altitudes, giving a total of 3 upshifted and 3 downshifted frequency bands of 25 kHz each. For most of the time the shifted channels were tuned to 3 (both), 4 (up), 5.5 (down) and 6.5 (both) MHz. Weak signals are seen whenever the radar is probing the diffuse aurora, corresponding to the relatively low plasma frequencies. At times when auroral arcs pass the radar beam, significant increases in return power are observed. Many cases with simultaneously up and down shifted plasma lines are recorded. In spite of the rather active environment, the highly optimised measurements enable investigation of the properties of the plasma lines. A modified theoretical incoherent scatter spectrum is used to explain the measurements. The general trend is an upgoing field-aligned current in the diffuse aurora, confirmed with a full fit of the combined ion and plasma line spectra. There are also cases with strong suprathermal currents indicated by large differences in signal strength between up- and downshifted plasma lines. 
Ingemar Haggstrom, Mikael Hedin, Takehiko Aso, Asta Pellinen-Wannberg   and Assar Westman