Spurious Lyapunov Exponents Computed Using the Eckmann-Ruelle Procedure
  Lyapunov exponents can be difficult to determine from experimental data. In particular, when using embedding theory to build chaotic attractors in a reconstruction space, extra "spurious" Lyapunov exponents arise that are not Lyapunov exponents of the original system. By studying the local linearization matrices that are key to the Eckmann-Ruelle method for computing Lyapunov exponents, we determine explicit formulas for the spurious exponents in certain cases. Notably, when a two-dimensional system with Lyapunov exponents A and B is reconstructed in a five-dimensional space, we show that the reconstructed system has exponents A, B, 2A, A+B, 2B. 
Joshua A. Tempkin