$\Delta$(1232) electroproduction amplitudes in chiral soliton models of   the nucleon
  The multipole amplitudes for the N - Delta electromagnetic transition are computed in the framework of the linear sigma model and the chiral chromodielectric model for small and moderate photon virtualities. The models include quark and meson degrees of freedom and the nucleon and the delta are clusters of three valence hedgehog quarks surrounded by meson clouds described by coherent states. Angular momentum and isospin projections are performed to endow model states representing the nucleon and the delta with proper quantum numbers. Recoil corrections involved in the process $\gamma_{\rm v} N \to \Delta$ are taken into account by performing linear momentum projection of the initial and final baryon states. The ratios $E2/M1$ and $C2/M1$ are in good agreement with the data in the two models, but the magnetic amplitude is better reproduced in the Linear Sigma Model. The ratios show little dependence with the model parameters. Both in the Linear Sigma Model and in the Chromodielectric Model the charged pions are responsible for the non-vanishing quadrupole-electric and -coulomb amplitudes. The recoil corrections enhance the results obtained for the amplitudes without linear momentum projection, improving the comparison with experimental data. The dependence of the theoretical amplitudes with the choice of the reference frame is also studied. 
Luis Amoreira, Pedro Alberto, Manuel Fiolhais