Charge Fluctuations in the Single Electron Box
  Quantum fluctuations of the charge in the single electron box are investigated. Based on a diagrammatic expansion we calculate the average island charge number and the effective charging energy in third order in the tunneling conductance. Near the degeneracy point where the energy of two charge states coincides, the perturbative approach fails, and we explicitly resum the leading logarithmic divergencies to all orders. The predictions for zero temperature are compared with Monte Carlo data and with recent renormalization group results. While good agreement between the third order result and numerical data justifies the perturbative approach in most of the parameter regime relevant experimentally, near the degeneracy point and at zero temperature the resummation is shown to be insufficient to describe strong tunneling effects quantitatively. We also determine the charge noise spectrum employing a projection operator technique. Former perturbative and semiclassical results are extended by the approach. 
Georg Goeppert and Hermann Grabert