EROs and the formation epoch of field ellipticals
  A comparison is presented between the observed surface density of extremely red objects (EROs) and the densities of red high-z elliptical galaxies predicted by Pure Luminosity Evolution (PLE) and by some CDM hierarchical models. The analysis is based on the widest field survey for EROs available to date (covering in total $\sim$850 arcmin^2), and it takes into account the effects of ERO clustering. Good agreement is found between the observed surface densities of EROs and those predicted by PLE models for ellipticals selected using the same color and luminosity thresholds. Since there is evidence that the bulk of EROs are passively evolving ellipticals, this result implies that most field ellipticals were fully assembled at least by $z\sim$2.5. Existing hierarchical models predict instead a surface density of red ellipticals that is much smaller than that of the EROs. 
E. Daddi, A. Cimatti & A. Renzini