The Cosmic Ray - X-ray Connection: Effects of Nonlinear Shock   Acceleration on Photon Production in SNRs
  Cosmic-ray production in young supernova remnant (SNR) shocks is expected to be efficient and strongly nonlinear. In nonlinear, diffusive shock acceleration, compression ratios will be higher and the shocked temperature lower than test-particle, Rankine-Hugoniot relations predict. Furthermore, the heating of the gas to X-ray emitting temperatures is strongly coupled to the acceleration of cosmic-ray electrons and ions, thus nonlinear processes which modify the shock, influence the emission over the entire band from radio to gamma-rays and may have a strong impact on X-ray line models. Here we apply an algebraic model of nonlinear acceleration, combined with SNR evolution, to model the radio and X-ray continuum of Kepler's SNR. 
Donald C. Ellison