Macroscopic quantum tunneling of the Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in   cylindrically symmetric potential
  We investigate the macroscopic quantum tunneling of the attractive Bose-Einstein condensate. Within the effective Lagrangian framework, we find bounce solutions and explicitly calculate the decay rate of the condensate trapped in a cylindrically symmetric potential. In particular, in the case where the number of condensed bosons is slightly below a certain critical number, we present a detailed analysis of the bounce solutions and discuss the approximations employed in our calculations. The effects of finite temperatures and the shape of the trapping potential are evaluated. 
Yukinori Yasui, Takayuki Takaai and Takayoshi Ootsuka