The spark-associated soliton model for pulsar radio emission
  We propose a new, self-consistent theory of coherent pulsar radio emission based on the non-stationary sparking model of Ruderman & Sutherland (1975), modified by Gil & Sendyk (2000) in the accompanying Paper I. According to these authors, the polar cap is populated as densely as possible by a number of sparks with a characteristic perpendicular dimension D approximately equal to the polar gap height scale h, separated from each other also by about h. Each spark reappears in approximately the same place on the polar cap for a time scale much longer than its life-time and delivers to the open magnetosphere a sequence of electron-positron clouds which flow orderly along a flux tube of dipolar magnetic field lines. The overlapping of particles with different momenta from consecutive clouds leads to effective two-stream instability, which triggers electrostatic Langmuir waves at the altitudes of about 50 stellar radii. The electrostatic oscillations are modulationally unstable and their nonlinear evolution results in formation of ``bunch-like'' charged solitons. A characteristic soliton length along magnetic field lines is about 30 cm, so they are capable of emitting coherent curvature radiation at radio wavelengths. The net soliton charge is about 10^21 fundamental charges, contained within a volume of about 10^14 cm^3. For a typical pulsar, there are about 10^5 solitons associated with each of about 25 sparks operating on the polar cap at any instant. One soliton moving relativisticaly along dipolar field lines with a Lorentz factor of the order of 100 generates a power of about 10^21 erg/s by means of curvature radiation. Then the total power of a typical radio pulsar can be estimated as being about 10^(27-28) erg/s. 
George Melikidze, Janusz Gil, Avtandil Pataraya