Constraints over Cosmological Constant and Quintessence Fields in an   Accelerating Universe
  A brief account of the current cosmological observations is given and their implications for QCDM and $\Lambda$CDM cosmologies are discussed. The nucleosynthesis and the galaxy formation constraints have been used to put limits on $\Omega_\phi$ during cosmic evolution, and develop a realistic approach to the tracking behaviour of quintessence fields. The astrophysical constraints are applied to interpolate the value of the tracking parameter $\epsilon \simeq 0.75$ at the present epoch and also to find the lower and the upper limits for $\Lambda$ in the accelerating universe. It is shown that the transition from deceleration to acceleration in the cosmic expansion occurs earlier in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology compared to QCDM cosmology. 
Vinod B. Johri