Large Coherence Area Thin-Film Photonic Stop-Band Lasers
  We demonstrate that the shift of the stop band position with increasing oblique angle in periodic structures results in a wide transverse exponential field distribution corresponding to strong angular confinement of the radiation. The beam expansion follows an effective diffusive equation depending only upon the spectral mode width. In the presence of gain, the beam cross section is limited only by the size of the gain area. As an example of an active periodic photonic medium, we calculate and measure laser emission from a dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal film. 
Victor I. Kopp, Zhao-Qing Zhang and Azriel Z. Genack