Evolution of the Quantum Friedmann Universe Featuring Radiation
  The classical and quantum models of the Friedmann universe originally filled with a scalar field and radiation have been studied. The radiation has been used to specify a reference frame that makes it possible to remove ambiguities in choosing the time coordinate. Solutions to the Einstein and Schroedinger equations have been studied under the assumption that the rate of scalar-field variation is much less than the rate of universe expansion (contraction). It has been shown that, under certain conditions, the quantum universe can be in quasistationary states. The probability that the universe goes over to states with large quantum numbers owing to the interaction of the scalar and gravitational fields is nonzero. It has been shown that, in the lowest state, the scale factor is on order of the Planck length. The matter- and radiation-energy densities in the Planck era have been computed. The possible scenarios of Universe evolution are discussed. 
V. V. Kuzmichev (Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics)