Dynamics of Entangled Polymeric Fluids in Two-roll Mill studied via   Dynamic Light Scattering and Two-color flow Birefringence. I. Steady flow
  We present the experimental results on a series of high molecular weight, entangled polystyrene solutions subjected to a ``mixed'' shear and elongational flow-type generated in a co-rotating two-roll mill. For steady-flows as well as for start-up of flows from rest, we used two different optical methods to study the dynamics of entangled polymeric fluids: two-color flow birefringence (TCFB) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Using the TCFB method, we measured the birefringence, $\Delta n$, and the orientation angle, $\chi$, of the optic axes in the solution and thereby the generalized viscosity function, $\eta$ (with the use of stress-optical relations). The DLS method was applied to measure the velocity-gradient, \gdot, and the flow-type parameter $\lambda$ for the polymer solutions under flow conditions identical to the TCFB measurements. For low deformation rates the symmetry of the flow-field was reduced with the use of polymeric fluids compared to that seen with a Newtonian fluid. A molecular constitutive Doi-Edwards-Marrucci-Grizzuti (DEMG) model which includes polymer chain-stretching effects, has been used to numerically simulate the predictions for $\Delta n$, $\chi$, and $\eta$ under steady flow conditions for the polystyrene fluids with \gdot and $\lambda$, measured via DLS, as inputs to the model. A detailed comparison of the DEMG model predictions with the experimental results shows that the model works qualitatively as well as quantitatively for the low and intermediate deformation rates, but fails at high rates of deformation by predicting a stronger chain-stretching than observed experimentally. The effect of polymer molecular-weight and number of entanglements per chain are highlighted. 
Subrata Sanyal, Dmitry Yavich and L. Gary Leal