A Cyclic Universe without Missing Mass: Implications of R->alpha'/R
  Results from string theory conclude that a spatial dimension R is equivalent to *'/R. If R is considered as a four-space dimension, several interesting results emerge. In this paradigm, *'/R exists in a time-reversed, "anti- parallel" universe. Cosmological distances in our real-time universe are equivalent to the compact dimensions at the instant of a Big Bang in a time- inverted universe. This model agrees with standard black hole theory in that particles become frozen in time when they reach the 'singularity' (of dimension alpha'). A particle which enters a black hole in real time exits from the Big Bang or "white hole" in the time-inverted universe, leaving behind a trace of annihilation radiation. A diagram of this phenomenon is constructed, consistent with existing knowledge of the early universe. The primordeal black holes predicted by Hawking are required. A cyclic universe is described by M^2\p,n + T^2\n = 1. The "missing mass" proscribed by standard closed- universe theories is not required. This result is useful if experimental evidence in the search for dark matter continues to leave a significant "missing mass" - and particularly in light of more recent observations indicating that, in fact, inflation continues at a much reduced rate. 
Wayne R. Lundberg