Transformation-Based Bottom-Up Computation of the Well-Founded Model
  We present a framework for expressing bottom-up algorithms to compute the well-founded model of non-disjunctive logic programs. Our method is based on the notion of conditional facts and elementary program transformations studied by Brass and Dix for disjunctive programs. However, even if we restrict their framework to nondisjunctive programs, their residual program can grow to exponential size, whereas for function-free programs our program remainder is always polynomial in the size of the extensional database (EDB).   We show that particular orderings of our transformations (we call them strategies) correspond to well-known computational methods like the alternating fixpoint approach, the well-founded magic sets method and the magic alternating fixpoint procedure. However, due to the confluence of our calculi, we come up with computations of the well-founded model that are provably better than these methods.   In contrast to other approaches, our transformation method treats magic set transformed programs correctly, i.e. it always computes a relevant part of the well-founded model of the original program. 
Stefan Brass, Juergen Dix, Burkhard Freitag, Ulrich Zukowski