Kinematic Evidence of Minor Mergers in Normal Sa Galaxies: NGC3626,   NGC3900, NGC4772 and NGC5854
  BVRI and H-alpha imaging and long-slit optical spectroscopic data are presented for four morphologically normal and relatively isolated Sa galaxies, NGC3626, NGC3900, NGC4772 and NGC5854. VLA HI synthesis imaging is presented for the first 3 objects. In all 4 galaxies, evidence of kinematic decoupling of ionized gas components is found; the degree and circumstances of the distinct kinematics vary from complete counterrotation of all of the gas from all of the stars (NGC3626) to nuclear gas disks decoupled from the stars (NGC5854) to anomalous velocity central gas components (NGC3900 and NGC4772). In the 3 objects mapped in HI, the neutral gas extends far beyond the optical radius, R_HI/R_25 > 2. In general, the HI surface density is very low and the outer HI is patchy and asymmetric or found in a distinct ring, exterior to the optical edge. While the overall HI velocity fields are dominated by circular motions, strong warps are suggested in the outer regions. Optical imaging is also presented for NGC 4138 previously reported by Jore et al. (1996) to show counterrotating stellar components. The multiwavelength evidence is interpreted in terms of the kinematic "memory" of past minor mergers in objects that otherwise exhibit no morphological signs of interaction. 
Martha P. Haynes, Katherine P. Jore, Elizabeth A. Barrett, Adrick H.   Broeils and Brian M. Murray