Raman Spectroscopy of Mott insulator states in optical lattices
  We propose and analyse a Raman spectroscopy technique for probing the properties of quantum degenerate bosons in the ground band of an optical lattice. Our formalism describes excitations to higher vibrational bands and is valid for deep lattices where a tight-binding approach can be applied to the describe the initial state of the system. In sufficiently deep lattices, localized states in higher vibrational bands play an important role in the system response, and shifts in resonant frequency of excitation are sensitive to the number of particles per site. We present numerical results of this formalism applied to the case of a uniform lattice deep in the Mott insulator regime. 
P. Blair Blakie