Structure of the $\sigma$-meson and diamagnetism of the nucleon
  The structure of the $\sigma$ meson and the diamagnetism of the nucleon are shown to be topics which are closely related to each other. Arguments are found that the $\sigma$ meson couples to two photons via its non-strange $q\bar{q}$ structure component. This ansatz leads to a quantitative explanation of the $t$-channel component of the difference of electromagnetic polarizabilities, (\alpha-\beta)^t$, containing the diamagnetism of the nucleon. The prediction is $(\alpha-\beta)^t_{p,n}=(5\alpha_e g_{\pi MM})/(6\pi^2 m^2_\sigma f_\pi)=15.3$ in units of $10^{-4}{\rm fm}^3$ to be compared with the experimental value $(\alpha-\beta)^t_p=15.1\pm 1.3$ for the proton and $(\alpha-\beta)^t_n=14.8\pm 2.7$ for the neutron. The equivalent approach to exploit the $\pi\pi$ structure component of the $\sigma$ meson via the BEFT sum rule leads to $(\alpha-\beta)^t_{p,n}=14\pm 2$, what also is in agreement with the experimental results. 
M.I. Levchuk, A.I. L'vov, A.I. Milstein, M. Schumacher