Elastic scattering of low energy pions by nuclei and the in-medium   isovector pi N amplitude
  Measurements of elastic scattering of 21.5 MeV pi+ and pi- by Si, Ca, Ni and Zr were made using a single arm magnetic spectrometer. Absolute calibration was made by parallel measurements of Coulomb scattering of muons. Parameters of a pion-nucleus optical potential were obtained from fits to all eight angular distributions put together. The `anomalous' s-wave repulsion known from pionic atoms is clearly observed and could be removed by introducing a chiral-motivated density dependence of the isovector scattering amplitude, which also greatly improved the fits to the data. The empirical energy dependence of the isoscalar amplitude also improves the fits to the data but, contrary to what is found with pionic atoms, on its own is incapable of removing the anomaly. 
E. Friedman (1), M. Bauer (2), J. Breitschopf (2), H. Clement (2), H.   Denz (2), E. Doroshkevich (2), A. Erhardt (2), G.J. ...