Stochastic Model for the Interaction of Buckling and Fracture in Thin   Tension-Loaded Sheets
  We introduce a model of fracture which includes the out-of-plane degrees of freedom necessary to describe buckling in a thin-sheet material. The model is a regular square lattice of elastic beams, rigidly connected at the nodes so as to preserve rotational invariance. Fracture is initiated by displacement control, applying a uniaxial force couple at the top and bottom rows of the lattice in mode-I type loading. The approach lends itself naturally to the inclusion of disorder and enables a wide variety of fracture behaviours to be studied, ranging from systems with a simple geometrical discontinuity to more complex crack geometries and random cracking. Breakdown can be initiated from a pre-cracked sheet or from an intact sheet where the first damage appears at random, and buckling sets in when a displacement vector containing out-of-place components becomes energetically favourable over one which does not. In this paper we only consider center-cracked sheets with no disorder and include some results relevant to the force- and displacement-fields, and the buckling response ratio. Rather than carry out a comprehensive study of such systems, the emphasis presently is on the development of the model itself. 
Bjorn Skjetne, Torbjorn Helle and Alex Hansen