Size effects and idealized dislocation microstructure at small scales:   predictions of a phenomenological model of Mesoscopic Field Dislocation   Mechanics: Part I
  A Phenomenological Mesoscopic Field Dislocation Mechanics (PMFDM) model is developed, extending continuum plasticity theory for studying initial-boundary value problems of small-scale plasticity. PMFDM results from an elementary space-time averaging of the equations of Field Dislocation Mechanics (FDM), followed by a closure assumption from any strain-gradient plasticity model that attempts to model effects of geometrically-necessary dislocations (GND) only in work-hardening. 
Amit Acharya, Anish Roy