Energy loss of muons and taus through inelastic scattering on nuclei
  A hybrid model is used to describe the energy loss of very high-energy taus and muons in matter due to inelastic scattering on nuclei. The model involves soft and semihard photonuclear interactions as well as the deep inelastic scattering including the weak neutral current processes. For the lepton scattering on nuclei all important nuclear effects, the shadowing, anti-shadowing, EMC and the nucleon binding, were taken into account. Approximating formulas for the muon and tau energy loss portion by the inelastic scattering on nuclei in water are given for wide energy range up to $10^9$ GeV. 
A.A. Kochanov, K.S. Lokhtin, S.I. Sinegovsky