Prediction for Quark Mixing from Universal Quark and Lepton Mass   Matrices with Flavor 2 <-> 3 Symmetry
  We propose a mass matrix model that gives a unified description of quark and lepton with the same texture form based on a flavor 2 <-> 3 symmetry. The model is in contrast with the conventional picture that the mass matrix forms in the quark sector will take somewhat different structures from those in the lepton sector. By investigating possible types of assignment for masses, we find that our quark mass matrices can lead to small CKM quark mixings which are consistent with experimental values. We also find some phase-parameter-independent relations among CKM quark mixing matrix elements. 
Koichi Matsuda and Hiroyuki Nishiura