Roughness-induced energetic disorder at the metal/organic interface
  The amplitude of the roughness-induced energetic disorder at the metal/organic interface is calculated. It was found that for moderately rough electrodes, the correction to the electrostatic image potential at the charge location is small. For this reason, roughness-induced energetic disorder cannot noticeably affect charge carrier injection, contrary to the recent reports. 
S.V. Novikov and G.G. Malliaras