Experimental Study of the Laser Diode Pumped Rubidium Maser
  We report the operation of a $^{87}$Rb maser in the self-oscillating mode, using a laser diode as the optical pumping source. The maser uses a TE$_{021}$ cavity surrounding a cell containing the atoms and 11 Torr of N$_{2}$ as the buffer gas. The optical pumping is accomplished by using a commercial laser diode frequency-locked on the linear absorption line of an external rubidium cell. The maser output power is maximized when the laser spectrum is spread by modulating its frequency through the variation of its injection current. The maser output power is also presented for various modulation waveforms and frequencies. We find that the spurious sidebands induced by the modulation can be minimized. Finally, the linear dependence between the laser and maser frequencies is shown. We find that the relative maser frequency pulling from the laser is about $4.6 \times 10^{-3}$. 
Alain Michaud, Pierre Tremblay and Michel Tetu