Relative entropy and waiting times for continuous-time Markov processes
  For discrete-time stochastic processes, there is a close connection between return/waiting times and entropy. Such a connection cannot be straightforwardly extended to the continuous-time setting. Contrarily to the discrete-time case one does need a reference measure and so the natural object is relative entropy rather than entropy. In this paper we elaborate on this in the case of continuous-time Markov processes with finite state space. A reference measure of special interest is the one associated to the time-reversed process. In that case relative entropy is interpreted as the entropy production rate. The main results of this paper are: almost-sure convergence to relative entropy of suitable waiting-times and their fluctuation properties (central limit theorem and large deviation principle). 
Jean-Rene Chazottes, Cristian Giardina, Frank Redig