Oxygen and Nitrogen in Leo A and GR 8
  We present elemental abundances for multiple HII regions in Leo A and GR 8 obtained from long slit optical spectroscopy of these two nearby low luminosity dwarf irregular galaxies. As expected from their luminosities, and in agreement with previous observations, the derived oxygen abundances are extremely low in both galaxies. High signal-to-noise ratio observations of a planetary nebula in Leo A yield 12 + log(O/H) = 7.30 +/- 0.05; "semi-empirical" calculations of the oxygen abundance in four HII regions in Leo A indicate 12 + log(O/H) = 7.38 +/- 0.10. These results confirm that Leo A has one of the lowest ISM metal abundances of known nearby galaxies. Based on results from two HII regions with high signal-to-noise measurements of the weak [O III] 4363 line, the mean oxygen abundance of GR 8 is 12 + log(O/H) = 7.65 +/- 0.06; using "empirical" and "semi-empirical" methods, similar abundances are derived for 6 other GR 8 HII regions. Similar to previous results in other low metallicity galaxies, the mean log(N/O) = -1.53 +/- 0.09 for Leo A and -1.51 +/- 0.07 for GR 8. There is no evidence of significant variations in either O/H or N/O in the HII regions. The metallicity-luminosity relation for nearby (D < 5 Mpc) dwarf irregular galaxies with measured oxygen abundances has a mean correlation of 12 + log(O/H) = 5.67 - 0.151 M_B with a dispersion in oxygen about the relationship of 0.21. These observations confirm that gas-rich low luminosity galaxies have extremely low elemental abundances in the ionized gas-phase of their interstellar media. Although Leo A has one of the lowest metal abundances of known nearby galaxies, detection of tracers of an older stellar population indicate that it is not a newly formed galaxy as has been proposed for some other similarly low metallicity star forming galaxies. 
L. van Zee (Indiana), E. D. Skillman (Minnesota), and M. P. Haynes   (Cornell)