Nonperturbative $O(a)$ improvement of the Wilson quark action with the   RG-improved gauge action using the Schr\"odinger functional method
  We perform a nonperturbative determination of the $O(a)$-improvement coefficient $c_{\rm SW}$ and the critical hopping parameter $\kappa_c$ for $N_f$=3, 2, 0 flavor QCD with the RG-improved gauge action using the Schr\"odinger functional method. In order to interpolate $c_{\rm SW}$ and $\kappa_c$ as a function of the bare coupling, a wide range of $\beta$ from the weak coupling region to the moderately strong coupling points used in large-scale simulations is studied. Corrections at finite lattice size of $O(a/L)$ turned out to be large for the RG-improved gauge action, and hence we make the determination at a size fixed in physical units using a modified improvement condition. This enables us to avoid $O(a)$ scaling violations which would remain in physical observables if $c_{\rm SW}$ determined for a fixed lattice size $L/a$ is used in numerical simulations. 
CP-PACS and JLQCD Collaborations: S. Aoki, M. Fukugita, S. Hashimoto,   K-I. Ishikawa, N. Ishizuka, Y. Iwasaki, K. Kanaya, T...