On Determining Minimal Spectrally Arbitrary Patterns
  In this paper we present a new family of minimal spectrally arbitrary patterns which allow for arbitrary spectrum by using the Nilpotent-Jacobian method. The novel approach here is that we use the Intermediate Value Theorem to avoid finding an explicit nilpotent realization of the new minimal spectrally arbitrary patterns. 
Michael S. Cavers, In-Jae Kim, Bryan L. Shader and Kevin N. Vander   Meulen