Fermi-Dirac statistics and the number theory
  We relate the Fermi-Dirac statistics of an ideal Fermi gas in a harmonic trap to partitions of given integers into distinct parts, studied in number theory. Using methods of quantum statistical physics we derive analytic expressions for cumulants of the probability distribution of the number of different partitions. 
A. Kubasiak, J. Korbicz, J. Zakrzewski, and M. Lewenstein