Galactic dynamo and helicity losses through fountain flow
  Nonlinear behaviour of galactic dynamos is studied, allowing for magnetic helicity removal by the galactic fountain flow. A suitable advection speed is estimated, and a one-dimensional mean-field dynamo model with dynamic alpha-effect is explored. It is shown that the galactic fountain flow is efficient in removing magnetic helicity from galactic discs. This alleviates the constraint on the galactic mean-field dynamo resulting from magnetic helicity conservation and thereby allows the mean magnetic field to saturate at a strength comparable to equipartition with the turbulent kinetic energy. 
Anvar Shukurov (Newcastle), Dmitry Sokoloff (Moscow), Kandaswamy   Subramanian (IUCAA), Axel Brandenburg (Nordita)