Optimized holographic optical traps
  Holographic optical traps use the forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to trap, move and otherwise transform mesoscopically textured materials. This article introduces methods for optimizing holographic optical traps' efficiency and accuracy, and an optimal statistical approach for characterizing their performance. This combination makes possible real-time adaptive optimization. 
Marco Polin, Kosta Ladavac, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Yael Roichman and David G.   Grier