Quantum NOT Operation and Integrability in Two-Level Systems
  We demonstrate the surprising integrability of the classical Hamiltonian associated to a spin 1/2 system under periodic external fields. The one-qubit rotations generated by the dynamical evolution is, on the one hand, close to that of the rotating wave approximation (RWA), on the other hand to two different ``average'' systems, according to whether a certain parameter is small or large. Of particular independent interest is the fact that both the RWA and the averaging theorem are seen to hold well beyond their expected region of validity. Finally we determine conditions for the realization of the quantum NOT operation by means of classical stroboscopic maps. 
Renato M. Angelo and Walter F. Wreszinski