The Population Oscillation of Multicomponent Spinor Bose-Einstein   Condensate Induced by Nonadiabatic Transitions
  The generation of the population oscillation of the multicomponent spinor Bose-Einstein condensate is demonstrated in this paper. We observe and examine the nonsynchronous decreasing processes of the magnetic fields generated between quadrupole coils and Ioffe coils during the switch-off of the quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration trap, which is considered to induce a nonadiabatic transition. Starting from the two-level Schr\"{o}dinger equation, we have done some numerical fitting and derived an analytical expression identical to the results of E. Majorana and C. Zener, of which both the results well match the experimental data. 
Xiuquan Ma, Lin Xia, Fang Yang, Xiaoji Zhou, Yiqiu Wang, Hong Guo, and   Xuzong Chen