Large-Eddy Simulation of Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer   Turbulence: A Scale-Dependent Dynamic Modeling Approach
  A new tuning-free subgrid-scale model, termed `locally-averaged scale-dependent dynamic' (LASDD) model, is developed and implemented in large-eddy simulations (LESs) of stable boundary layers. The new model dynamically computes the Smagorinsky coefficient and the subgrid-scale Prandtl number based on the local dynamics of the resolved velocity and temperature fields. Overall, the agreement between the statistics of the LES-generated turbulence and some well-established empirical formulations and theoretical predictions (e.g., Nieuwstadt's local scaling hypothesis) is remarkable. The results show clear improvements over most of the traditional subgrid-scale models in the surface layer. Moreover, in contrast to previous large-eddy simulations of stable boundary layers that have strong dependence on grid resolution, the simulated statistics obtained with the LASDD model show relatively little resolution dependence for the range of grid sizes considered here. In essence, we show that the new LASDD model is a robust subgrid-scale parameterization for reliable, tuning-free simulations of stable boundary layers, even with relatively coarse resolutions. 
Sukanta Basu and Fernando Port\'e-Agel