Direct evidence for ferroelectric polar distortion in ultrathin lead   titanate perovskite films
  X-ray photoelectron diffraction is used to directly probe the intra-cell polar atomic distortion and tetragonality associated with ferroelectricity in ultrathin epitaxial PbTiO3 films. Our measurements, combined with ab-initio calculations, unambiguously demonstrate non-centro-symmetry in films a few unit cells thick, imply that films as thin as 3 unit cells still preserve a ferroelectric polar distortion, and also show that there is no thick paraelectric dead layer at the surface. 
L. Despont, C. Lichtensteiger, C. Koitzsch, C. Clerc, M. G. Garnier,   F. J. Garcia de Abajo, E. Bousquet, Ph. Ghosez, J.-M....