Hadronic dissipative effects on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic   heavy-ion collisions
  We study the elliptic flow coefficient v_2(eta,b) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s)=200 A GeV as a function of pseudorapidity eta and impact parameter b. Using a hybrid approach which combines early ideal fluid dynamical evolution with late hadronic rescattering, we demonstrate strong dissipative effects from the hadronic rescattering stage on the elliptic flow. With Glauber model initial conditions, hadronic dissipation is shown to be sufficient to fully explain the differences between measured v_2 values and ideal hydrodynamic predictions. Initial conditions based on the Color Glass Condensate model generate larger elliptic flow and seem to require additional dissipation during the early quark-gluon plasma stage in order to achieve agreement with experiment. 
Tetsufumi Hirano, Ulrich W. Heinz, Dmitri Kharzeev, Roy Lacey, Yasushi   Nara