Chern-Simons and Winding Number in a Tachyonic Electroweak Transition
  We investigate the development of winding number and Chern-Simons number in a tachyonic transition in the SU(2) Higgs model, motivated by the scenario of cold electroweak baryogenesis. We find that localized configurations with approximately half-integer winding number, dubbed half-knots, play an important role in this process. When the Chern-Simons number adjusts locally to the winding number, the half-knots can stabilize and acquire half-integer Chern-Simons number as well. We present two examples from numerical simulations: one half-knot that stabilizes early and one that gives rise to a late sphaleron transition. We also study the winding number distribution after the transition and present new results on the development of the Chern-Simons susceptibility. 
Meindert van der Meulen, Denes Sexty, Jan Smit and Anders Tranberg