Gradient Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: a Mixed Strategy
  We show how recent theoretical advances for data-propagation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be combined to improve gradient-based routing (GBR) in Wireless Sensor Networks. We propose a mixed-strategy of direct transmission and multi-hop propagation of data which improves the lifespan of WSNs by reaching better energy-load-balancing amongst sensor nodes. 
Olivier Powell, Aubin Jarry, Pierre Leone, Jose Rolim