The Noncoherent Rician Fading Channel -- Part II : Spectral Efficiency   in the Low-Power Regime
  Transmission of information over a discrete-time memoryless Rician fading channel is considered where neither the receiver nor the transmitter knows the fading coefficients. The spectral-efficiency/bit-energy tradeoff in the low-power regime is examined when the input has limited peakedness. It is shown that if a fourth moment input constraint is imposed or the input peak-to-average power ratio is limited, then in contrast to the behavior observed in average power limited channels, the minimum bit energy is not always achieved at zero spectral efficiency. The low-power performance is also characterized when there is a fixed peak limit that does not vary with the average power. A new signaling scheme that overlays phase-shift keying on on-off keying is proposed and shown to be optimally efficient in the low-power regime. 
Mustafa Cenk Gursoy, H. Vincent Poor and Sergio Verdu