Effect of adaptive cruise control systems on mixed traffic flow near an   on-ramp
  Mixed traffic flow consisting of vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and manually driven vehicles is analyzed using car-following simulations. Unlike simulations that show suppression of jams due to increased string stability, simulations of merging from an on-ramp onto a freeway have not thus far demonstrated a substantial positive impact of ACC. In this paper cooperative merging is proposed to increase throughput and increase distance traveled in a fixed time (reduce travel times). In such a system an ACC vehicle senses not only the preceding vehicle in the same lane but also the vehicle immediately in front in the opposite lane. Prior to reaching the merge region, the ACC vehicle adjusts its velocity to ensure that a safe gap for merging is obtained. If on-ramp demand is moderate, partial implementation of cooperative merging where only main line ACC vehicles react to an on-ramp vehicle is effective. Significant improvement in throughput (18%) and increases up to 3 km in distance traveled in 500 s are found for 50% ACC mixed flow relative to the flow of all manual vehicles. For large demand, full implementation is required to reduce congestion. 
L. C. Davis