Perturbative Analysis of Universality and Individuality in Gravitational   Waves from Neutron Stars
  The universality observed in gravitational wave spectra of non-rotating neutron stars is analyzed here. We show that the universality in the axial oscillation mode can be reproduced with a simple stellar model, namely the centrifugal barrier approximation (CBA), which captures the essence of the Tolman VII model of compact stars. Through the establishment of scaled co-ordinate logarithmic perturbation theory (SCLPT), we are able to explain and quantitatively predict such universal behavior. In addition, quasi-normal modes of individual neutron stars characterized by different equations of state can be obtained from those of CBA with SCLPT. 
L.K. Tsui and P.T. Leung