From the second magnetization peak to peak effect. A study of   superconducting properties in Nb films and MgB2 bulk samples
  We report on magnetic and magnetoresistance measurements in two categories of superconducting Nb films grown via magnetron sputtering and MgB2 bulk samples. In the first category, films of Tc = 9.25 K were produced by annealing during deposition. In these films, the magnetic measurements exhibited the so-called second magnetization peak (SMP), which is accompanied by thermomagnetic instabilities (TMI). The characteristic field Hfj, where the first flux jump occurs, has been studied as a function of the sweep rate of the magnetic field. Interestingly, in the regime T < 6.4 K, the respective line Hfj(T) is constant, Hfj(T < 6.4 K) = 40 Oe. A comparison to TMI observed in MgB2 bulk samples is also performed. Our experimental findings cannot be described accurately by current theories on TMI. In the second category, films of Tc = 8.3 K were produced without annealing during deposition. In such films, we observed a peak effect (PE). In high magnetic fields the PE is accompanied by a sharp drop and a narrow hysteretic behaviour in the measured magnetoresistance. In contrast to experimental works presented in the past, the comparison of our magnetic measurements with the magnetoresistance data suggests that the appearance of surface superconductivity rather than the melting transition of vortex matter is the cause of the observed behaviour. 
Dimosthenis Stamopoulos, Athanasios Speliotis and Dimitris Niarchos