A Markov Chain-Based Numerical Method for Calculating Network Degree   Distributions
  This paper establishes a relation between scale-free networks and Markov chains, and proposes a computation framework for degree distributions of scale-free networks. We first find that, under the BA model, the degree evolution of individual nodes in a scale-free network follows some non-homogeneous Markov chains. Exploring the special structure of these Markov chains, we are able to develop an efficient algorithm to compute the degree distribution numerically. The complexity of our algorithm is O(t^2), where $t$ is the number of time steps for adding new nodes. We use three examples to demonstrate the computation procedure and compare the results with those from the existing methods. 
Dinghua Shi, Qinghua Chen, Liming Liu