Statistics of the seasonal cycle of the 1951-2000 surface temperature   records in Italy
  We present an analysis of seasonal cycle of the last 50 years of records of surface temperature in Italy. We consider two data sets which synthesize the surface temperature fields of Northern and Southern Italy. Such data sets consist of records of daily maximum and minimum temperature. We compute the best estimate of the seasonal cycle of the variables considered by adopting the cyclograms' technique. We observe that in general the minimum temperature cycle lags behind the maximum temperature cycle, and that the cycles of the Southern Italy temperatures records lag behind the corresponding cycles referring to Northern Italy. All seasonal cycles lag considerably behind the solar cycle. The amplitude and phase of the seasonal cycles do not show any statistically significant trend in the time interval considered. 
Valerio Lucarini, Teresa Nanni, Antonio Speranza