A Madelung-Buckingham Model for the Variation of the Cubic Lattice   Constant of LixMn2O4 during the charge and discharge of the Lithium-ion   Battery
  LixMn2O4 is an important cathode material for the Li ion battery. During battery charging, the stoichiometry x varies continuously from 1 to zero and on discharging it varies from zero to one. The cubic lattice constant a of LixMn2O4 depends on the value of x and the variation of a with x has important consequences for the battery performance. In this paper, we use a Madelung-Buckingham model to study this variation and compare the results with experimental data on LixMn2O4 
Daniel Sherwood and Bosco Emmanuel