Using Stochastic Encoders to Discover Structure in Data
  In this paper a stochastic generalisation of the standard Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) approach to vector quantiser (VQ) design is presented, in which the encoder is implemented as the sampling of a vector of code indices from a probability distribution derived from the input vector, and the decoder is implemented as a superposition of reconstruction vectors. This stochastic VQ (SVQ) is optimised using a minimum mean Euclidean reconstruction distortion criterion, as in the LBG case. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate how this leads to self-organisation of the SVQ, where different stochastically sampled code indices become associated with different input subspaces. 
Stephen Luttrell