Efficient simulations of gas-grain chemistry in interstellar clouds
  Chemical reactions on dust grains are of crucial importance in interstellar chemistry because they produce molecular hydrogen and various organic molecules. Due to the submicron size of the grains and the low flux, the surface populations of reactive species are small and strongly fluctuate. Under these conditions rate equations fail and the master equation is needed for modeling these reactions. However, the number of equations in the master equation grows exponentially with the number of reactive species, severely limiting its feasibility. Here we present a method which dramatically reduces the number of equations, thus enabling the incorporation of the master equation in models of interstellar chemistry. 
Azi Lipshtat and Ofer Biham