Planar LAAPDs: Temperature Dependence, Performance, and Application in   Low Energy X-ray Spectroscopy
  An experiment measuring the 2S Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen mup is being performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland. It requires small and compact detectors for 1.9 keV x rays (2P-1S transition) with an energy resolution around 25% at 2 keV, a time resolution better than 100 ns, a large solid angle coverage, and insensitivity to a 5 T magnetic field. We have chosen Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs) from Radiation Monitoring Devices as x-ray detectors, and they were used during the last data taking period in 2003. For x-ray spectroscopy applications, these LAAPDs have to be cooled in order to suppress the dark current noise, hence, a series of tests were performed to choose the optimal operation temperature. Specifically, the temperature dependence of gain, energy resolution, dark current, excess noise factor, and detector response linearity was studied. Finally, details of the LAAPDs application in the muonic hydrogen experiment as well as their response to alpha particles are presented. 
L. Ludhova, F.D. Amaro, A. Antognini, F. Biraben, J.M.R. Cardoso,   C.A.N. Conde, D.S. Covita, A. Dax, S. Dhawan, L.M.P. Fer...