Adaptive Synchronization in Coupled Dynamic Networks
  This paper studies synchronization in coupled nonlinear dynamic networks with unknown parameters. Adaptation can be added to one or several elements in the network, while preserving the global synchronization conditions derived in previously. This implies that new nodes can be added to the network without prior knowledge of the individual dynamics, and that nodes in an existing network have the ability to recover dynamic information if temporarily lost. In addition, when the individual elements feature sufficiently rich stable dynamics, as e.g. in the case of oscillators, then adaptation actually leads to an exact estimation of the unknown parameters. Different kinds of leaders are also discussed in this context - one type of leader can specify overall trajectories for the network, while another can concurrently specify dynamic parameters. 
Wei Wang, Jean-Jacques E. Slotine