Threshold Error Penalty for Fault Tolerant Computation with Nearest   Neighbour Communication
  The error threshold for fault tolerant quantum computation with concatenated encoding of qubits is penalized by internal communication overhead. Many quantum computation proposals rely on nearest-neighbour communication, which requires excess gate operations. For a qubit stripe with a width of L+1 physical qubits implementing L levels of concatenation, we find that the error threshold of 2.1x10^-5 without any communication burden is reduced to 1.2x10^-7 when gate errors are the dominant source of error. This ~175X penalty in error threshold translates to an ~13X penalty in the amplitude and timing of gate operation control pulses. 
T. Szkopek, P.O. Boykin, H. Fan, V. Roychowdhury, E. Yablonovitch, G.   Simms, M. Gyure, B. Fong