The Astumian's Paradox
  We discuss some aspects of Astumian suggestions that combination of biased games (Parrondo's paradox) can explain performance of molecular motors. Unfortunately the model is flawed by explicit asymmetry overlooked by the author. In addition, we show that taking into consideration stakes allows to remove the paradoxical behaviour of Parrondo games. 
Edward W. Piotrowski, Jan Sladkowski