On the efficiency of nonlocal gates generation
  We propose and study a method for using non-maximally entangled states to implement probabilistically non-local gates. Unlike distillation-based protocols, this method does not generate a maximally entangled state at intermediate stages of the process. As a consequences, the method becomes more efficient at a certain range of parameters. Gates of the form $\exp[i\xi\sigma_{n_A}\sigma_{n_B}]$ with $\xi\ll1$, can be implemented with nearly unit probability and with vanishingly small entanglement, while for the distillation-based method the gate is produced with a vanishing success probability. We also derive an upper bound to the optimal success probability and show that in the small entanglement limit, the bound is tight. 
Berry Groisman and Benni Reznik