Chemical and Thermal History of the Intracluster Medium
  Clusters of galaxies can be seen as giant astrophysical laboratories enclosing matter in a large enough volume, so that the matter composition can be taken as representing the composition of our Universe. X-ray observations allow a very precise investigation of the physical properties of the intracluster plasma allowing us to probe probe the cluster structure, determine its total mass, and measure the baryon fraction in clusters and in the Universe as a whole. We can determine the abundance of heavy elements from O to Ni which originate from supernova explosions and draw from this important conclusions on the history of star formation in the cluster galaxy population. From the entropy structure of the intracluster medium we obtain constraints on the energy release during early star bursts. With the observational capabilities of the X-ray observatories XMM-Newton and Chandra this field of research is rapidly evolving. In particular, first detailed observations of the intracluster medium of the Virgo cluster around M87 have provided new insights. The present contribution gives an account of the current implications of the intracluster medium observations, but more importantly illustrates the prospects of this research for the coming years. 
Hans Boehringer