Kinematics of Persistent Currents in Nanotubes and Tori -Time-reversal   symmetric gauge field and its application-
  The basic properties of conducting electrons in carbon nanotubes are reviewed from a theoretical perspective, and studies performed on persistent currents in toroidal carbon nanotubes and on the local energy gap in deformed nanotubes are reported on. 
K. Sasaki and Y. Kawazoe