Collimated high-energy photons and others possible observational effects   of the photon angular and spectral distribution in gamma-ray bursts sources
  Typical observational gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra are discussed and, in this connection, what is the origin of the compactness problem and how it was solved at first. If the threshold for $e^{-}e^{+}$ pair production depends on an angle between photon momenta, then another solution of the compactness problem is possible. We discuss a possibility of the $\gamma$-rays collimation and the dependence of photon beaming on photon energies. The list of basic assumptions of the scenario describing the GRB source with energy $< 10^{49}$ ergs are adduced: the matter is about an alternative to the ultrarelativistic fireball if {\it all} long-duration GRBs are related or physically connected with {\it normal/unpeculiar} core-collapse supernovae (SNe). Namely, we consider the questions about radiation pressure and how the jet arises on account of even small asymmetry of the radiation field in a compact GRB source. The possibility of a new approach to explanation of GRB phenomenon is shown. Possible mechanisms of their generation in regions of size $< 10^8$cm are discussed (a compact model of GRBs). Observational consequences of the compact GRB energy release are considered. 
V.V. Sokolov, V.G. Kurt, G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, Yu.N. Gnedin, Yu.V.   Baryshev, T. A. Fatkhullin, V. S. Lebedev