Quantum Field Effect on Symmetry Breaking and Restoration in Anisotropic   Spacetimes
  The one-loop effective potential for $\phi ^4$ theory on a Bianchi type-I universe is evaluated in the adiabatic approximation. It is used to see the quantum-field effects on symmetry breaking and restoration in anisotropic spacetimes. The results show that the fate of symmetry will not be changed in the cases of conformal coupling or a vanishing scale curvature, and only for some suitable values of scalar-gravitational coupling could the symmetry be radiatively broken or restored. 
Wung-Hong Huang