Understanding the IMF
  It is suggested that the thermal physics of star-forming clouds may play a more important role than has usually been recognized in the origin of the stellar IMF and in determining a characteristic mass scale. The importance of the thermal physics has been clearly demonstrated for the formation of the first stars in the universe, where it is well understood and results in cooling to a characteristic minimum temperature at a preferred density, and hence in a characteristic scale for fragmentation. In present-day star-forming clouds, an analogous situation may exist in that at low densities the temperature is expected to decrease with increasing density, reaching a minimum when the gas becomes thermally coupled to the dust and then rising slowly at higher densities. A minimum temperature of about 5 K is predicted to occur at a density of the order of 10^(-18) g cm^(-3), and at this point the Jeans mass is about 0.3 solar masses, similar to the mass at which the IMF peaks. If most of the fragmentation in star-forming clouds occurs in filaments, as is suggested by many simulations as well as by observations, fragmentation seems likely to occur preferentially at the density where the temperature reaches a minimum, and the Jeans mass at this point may then determine a characteristic scale for fragmentation and hence a preferred stellar mass. 
Richard B. Larson