On the Nature of the Heat Source for Damped Lya Systems
  We investigate the heat source of the neutral gas comprising DLAs. Unlike the Lya forest, where the extragalactic background radiation field ionizes and heats the gas, we find that grain photoelectric heating by the FUV background is not sufficient to balance the C II 158um cooling rate inferred from DLAs. In these systems, a local energy source is required. We show that in the case of the z=1.919 DLA toward Q2206-19, the local source is FUV emission from the associated galaxy found by Moller et al (2002): the mean intensity inferred from photometry is in good agreement with the intensity Jnu required to explain the cooling rate. The FUV mean intensity predicted for a cold neutral medium (CNM) model, Jnu=(1.7+2.7-1.0)x10^(-18) cgs (95% c.l.), is the largest expected from our CII* study of 45 DLAs. This may explain why this is the only confirmed DLA yet detected in emission at z>1.9. We argue that in most DLAs with detected CII* absorption, Jnu is between 10^{-19} and 10^{-18} and heats the gas which is a CNM. By contrast, in most DLAs with upper limits on CII* absorption the gas is a warm neutral medium (WNM). Surprisingly, the upper limits are compatible with the same range of Jnu values suggesting the majority of DLAs are heated by radiation fields generated by a limited range of star formation rates per unit H I area, between 10^{-3} and 10^{-2} Msol/kpc^2. We also show that CII* absorption is unlikely to arise in gas that is ionized. 
Arthur M. Wolfe (1), J. Chris Howk (1), Eric Gawiser (2), Jason X.   Prochaska (3), and Sebastian Lopez (4) ((1) CASS, UC Sa...