The 4PI Effective Action for \phi^4 Theory
  We work with $\phi^4$ theory and study the 4PI effective action at 3-loop order. We discuss the relationship between the equations of motion obtained by taking functional derivatives of the effective action with respect to the variational parameters, and the Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equations. We show that the equation obtained by differentiating with respect to the 2-point function is identical to the SD equation for the 2-point function; differentiating with respect to the 3-point function reproduces the SD equation for the 3-point function, up to 1-loop order; and differentiating with respect to the 4-point function reproduces the SD equation for the 4-point function, at the tree level. These results establish a connection between two techniques for performing non-equilibrium calculations, and provide a starting place for a study of the gauge dependence of quantities derived from an $n$PI effective action. 
M.E. Carrington