Dynamical friction in flattened systems: A numerical test of Binney's   approach
  We carry out a set of self-consistent N-body calculations to investigate how important the velocity anisotropy in non-spherical dark-matter haloes is for dynamical friction. For this purpose we allow satellite galaxies to orbit within flattened and live dark-matter haloes (DMHs) with aspect-ratio q_h=0.6 and compare the resulting orbit evolution with a semi-analytic code. This code solves the equation of motion of satellites orbiting within the same DMH and implements, according to the dynamical friction model, either Chandrasekhar's formula, which does not incorporate the velocity anisotropy, or Binney's description of dynamical friction in anisotropic systems. In the numerical and the two semi-analytic models the satellites are given different initial orbital inclinations and orbital eccentricities.   We find that Binney's approach successfully describes the overall satellite decay and orbital inclination decrease for the whole set of orbits, with an averaged discrepancy of less than 4 per cent in orbital radius during the first 3 orbits. If Chandrasekhar's expression is used instead, the discrepancy increases to 20 per cent and no inclination decrease can be observed. Binney's treatment therefore appears to provide a significantly improved treatment of dynamical friction in anisotropic systems. 
Jorge Penarrubia, Andreas Just, Pavel Kroupa