Pion nucleon coupling constant, Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy and $\pi   N$ $\sigma$ term
  We start by studying the Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy (GTd) $\Delta = (2.259\pm 0.591)%$. Then we look at the $\pi N$ $\sigma$ term, with the dimensionless ratio $\sigma_N/2m_N=3.35%$. Finally we return to predicting (via the quark model) the $\pi N$ coupling constant, with GTd $\Delta\to 0$ as $m_q\to m_N/3$. 
Miroslav Nagy, Michael D. Scadron, Gerald E. Hite