Universal quantum computation with electron spins in quantum dots based   on superpositions of spacetime paths and Coulomb blockade
  Using electrostatic gates to control the electron positions, we present a new controlled-NOT gate based on quantum dots. The qubit states are chosen to be the spin states of an excess conductor electron in the quantum dot; and the main ingredients of our scheme are the superpositions of space-time paths of electrons and the effect of Coulomb blockade. All operations are performed only on individual quantum dots and are based on fundamental interactions. Without resorting to spin-spin terms or other assumed interactions, the scheme can be realized with a dedicated circuit and a necessary number of quantum dots. Gate fidelity of the quantum computation is also presented. 
Cyrus C.Y. Lin, Chopin Soo, Yin-Zhong Wu, and Wei-Min Zhang