From the revelation of the nature of inertial forces to questioning the   proposition of dark energy
  Starting from the revelation of the nature of inertial forces, this article discusses the subdivision of the basic physical concept of space-time and raises questions about the metric of standard cosmology. A new form of particle dynamics equation which is strictly applicable to any translational reference frame is rigorously derived within the framework of Newtonian dynamics. This necessary brings three important implications. Firstly, a comprehensive and detailed derivation of the generalized dynamics equation strongly suggests that the fundamental concept of space-time in physics should distinguish between the absolute background of space-time and the relative inherent units of space-time. Secondly, the inertial force is successfully revealed as the real force acting on the reference object, which directly conflicts with Einstein's strong equivalence principle. Thirdly, Einstein's idea in general relativity to eliminate the dependence on inertial reference frames loses logical support. Based on these new physics and results, a properly adjusted physical picture of space-time is introduced. In this spirit, the gravitational redshift effect in the Schwarzschild metric is also successfully re-interpreted. Correspondingly, the FRWL standard cosmological metric is necessary modified. A new factor $b(t)$ must be introduced into the time term $dt$ to represent the time dilation effect caused by the increase in the potential energy of cosmic average gravitation on the longitudinal direction of time. Qualitative analysis indicates that the proposition of dark energy can be alleviated, and at the very least, a re-analysis should be conducted based on the proposed new cosmological metric. 
ChiYi Chen