Isotropic, Nematic and Smectic A Phase Behaviour in a Fictitious Field
  Phase behaviours of liquid crystals under external fields, conjugate to the nematic order and smectic order, are studied within the framework of mean field approximation developed by McMillan. It is found that phase diagrams, of temperature vs interaction parameter of smectic A order, show several topologically different types caused by the external fields. The influences of the field conjugate to the smectic A phase, which is fictitious field, are precisely discussed. 
Masashi Torikai and Mamoru Yamashita