Adiabatic approximation in open quantum systems
  We generalize the standard quantum adiabatic approximation to the case of open quantum systems. We define the adiabatic limit of an open quantum system as the regime in which its dynamical superoperator can be decomposed in terms of independently evolving Jordan blocks. We then establish validity and invalidity conditions for this approximation and discuss their applicability to superoperators changing slowly in time. As an example, the adiabatic evolution of a two-level open system is analysed. 
M. S. Sarandy, D. A. Lidar (Center for Quantum Information and Quantum   Control, University of Toronto)