Diffractive Interaction and Scaling Violation in pp->pi^0 Interaction   and GeV Excess in Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Spectrum of EGRET
  We present here a new calculation of the gamma-ray spectrum from pp->pi^0 in the Galactic ridge environment. The calculation includes the diffractive pp interaction and incorporates the Feynman scaling violation for the first time. Galactic diffuse gamma-rays come, predominantly, from pi^0->gamma gamma in the sub-GeV to multi-GeV range. Hunter et al. found, however, an excess in the GeV range ("GeV Excess") in the EGRET Galactic diffuse spectrum above the prediction based on experimental pp->pi^0 cross-sections and the Feynman scaling hypothesis. We show, in this work, that the diffractive process makes the gamma-ray spectrum harder than the incident proton spectrum by ~0.05 in power-law index, and, that the scaling violation produces 30-80% more pi^0 than the scaling model for incident proton energies above 100GeV. Combination of the two can explain about a half of the "GeV Excess" with the local cosmic proton (power-law index ~2.7). The excess can be fully explained if the proton spectral index in the Galactic ridge is a little harder (~0.2 in power-law index) than the local spectrum. Given also in the paper is that the diffractive process enhances e^+ over e^- and the scaling violation gives 50-100% higher p-bar yield than without the violation, both in the multi-GeV range. 
T. Kamae, T. Abe, T. Koi