Monte-Carlo experiments on star-cluster induced integrated-galaxy IMF   variations
  As most if not all stars are born in stellar clusters the shape of the mass function of the field stars is not only determined by the initial mass function of stars (IMF) but also by the cluster mass function (CMF). In order to quantify this Monte-Carlo simulations were carried out by taking cluster masses randomly from a CMF and then populating these clusters with stars randomly taken from an IMF. Two cases were studied. Firstly the star masses were added randomly until the cluster mass was reached. Secondly a number of stars, given by the cluster mass divided by an estimate of the mean stellar mass and sorted by mass, were added until the desired cluster mass was reached. Both experiments verified the analytical results of Kroupa & Weidner (2003) that the resulting integrated stellar initial mass function is a folding of the IMF with the CMF and therefore steeper than the input IMF above 1 Msol. 
Carsten Weidner, Pavel Kroupa (Observatory of the University of Bonn)