Anomalous cooling of the parallel velocity in seeded beams
  We have measured the parallel velocity distribution of a lithium supersonic beam produced by seeding lithium in argon. The parallel temperature for lithium is considerably lower than the calculated parallel temperature of the argon carrier gas. We have extended the theory of supersonic cooling to calculate the parallel temperature of the seeded gas, in the limit of high dilution. The theoretical result thus obtained is in good agreement with ourobservations. 
A. Miffre, M. Jacquey, M. Buchner, G. Trenec, J. Vigue