Negative phase velocity of electromagnetic waves and the cosmological   constant
  Examining the propagation of electromagnetic plane waves with the wavevector directed in opposition to the time-averaged Poynting vector in cosmological spacetime with piecewise uniform metric, we show that such negative-phase-velocity (NPV) propagation is possible in certain de Sitter spacetimes but not in anti-de Sitter spacetimes. This difference suggests the possibility of an optical/electromagnetic experiment to discern the cosmological constant of a four-dimensional universe stemming from a five-dimensional brane universe. 
Tom G. Mackay (University of Edinburgh), Sandi Setiawan (University of   Edinburgh) and Akhlesh Lakhtakia (Pennsylvania Stat...