Giant dipole resonance with exact treatment of thermal fluctuations
  The shape fluctuations due to thermal effects in the giant dipole resonance (GDR) observables are calculated using the exact free energies evaluated at fixed spin and temperature. The results obtained are compared with Landau theory calculations done by parameterizing the free energy. The Landau theory is found to be insufficient when the shell effects are dominating. 
P. Arumugam, G. Shanmugam and S .K. Patra