Spiral Phyllotaxis Pattern in an Animal Cell: A Fluid- Driven Mechanism   for Red Cell Echinocytosis and Programmed Cell Death
  This paper demonstrates that the pattern of lipid spiculesthat emerge on the surface of red blood cells in the classic 'Discocyte to Echinocyte' shape change is a generative spiral, and presents a qualitative, fluid- driven mechanism for their production, compatible with the work of Douady and Couder. Implications for the dynamics of cell growth, plant cell phyllotaxy, programmed cell death and gravity sensitivity are explained in terms of a new qualitative model of cellular fluid dynamics. 
J T Lofthouse