'Sling effect' in the development of atmospheric cascades induced by   primary cosmic ray nuclei
  The 'Sling effect' appears when a fragment of a projectile nucleus emitted after its peripheral collision with a target nucleus is caused to rotate with a high spin. The spinning fragment has a deformed shape and looks like an oblate ellipsoid. Due to the virtual non-compressibility of nuclear matter, and the polarization of the spin in the plane transverse to the input momentum of the projectile nucleus such an ellipsoid has a reduced mean interaction cross-section compared with a non-spinning fragment which has a spherical shape. Purely geometrical arguments dictate that such an ellipsoidal nucleus should have additional fluctuations of cross-section even at a fixed impact parameter dependent on the orientation angle between the axis of the ellipsoid and the vector connecting the centers of projectile and target nucleus. The number of 'wounded nucleons' in the projectile nucleus participating in the interaction correlates strongly with the interaction cross-section. All these effects lead to a non-exponential attenuation of fragments and increased probability for a fragment to penetrate down to a larger depth in the absorber, than normal.   If the sling effect appears in the interaction of a primary cosmic ray nucleus with nuclei in the atmosphere the induced atmospheric cascade will have a slower attenuation, and thereby can help to reduce some important inconsistencies in the interpretation of the existing experimental data on extensive air showers, observed in the lower half of the atmosphere. The paperr gives numerical estimates of the sling effect. 
A.D.Erlykin, A.W.Wolfendale