Deep sub-threshold $\Xi$ and $\Lambda$ production in nuclear collisions   with the UrQMD transport model
  We present results on deep sub threshold hyperon production in nuclear collisions, with the UrQMD transport model. Introducing anti-kaon+baryon and hyperon+hyperon strangeness exchange reactions we obtain a good description of experimental data on single strange hadron production in Ar+KCl reactions at $E_{lab}=1.76$ A GeV. We find that the hyperon strangeness exchange is the dominant process contributing to the $\Xi^-$ yield, however remains short of explaining the $\Xi^-/\Lambda$ ratio measured with the HADES experiment. We also discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy with previous studies and the experimental results, finding that many details of the transport simulation may have significant effects on the final $\Xi^-$ yield. 
G. Graef, J. Steinheimer, Feng Li and Marcus Bleicher
nucl-th hep-ph