Comparing series of rankings with ties by using complex networks: An   analysis of the spanish stock market (IBEX-35 index)
  In this paper we extend the concept of Competitivity Graph to compare series of rankings with ties ({\em partial rankings}). We extend the usual method used to compute Kendall's coefficient for two partial rankings to the concept of evolutive Kendall's coefficient for a series of partial rankings. The theoretical framework consists of a four-layer multiplex network. Regarding the treatment of ties, our approach allows to define a tie between two values when they are close {\em enough}, depending on a threshold. We show an application using data from the Spanish Stock Market; we analyse the series of rankings defined by $25$ companies that have contributed to the IBEX-35 return and volatility values over the period 2003 to 2013. 
F. Pedroche, R. Criado, E. Garcia, M. Romance and V.E. Sanchez
physics.soc-ph q-fin.GN