Evolved stars with complex atmospheres - the high spectral resolution,   mid-IR view
  The physical structures of the outer atmospheres of red giants are not known. They are certainly complex and a range of recent observations are showing that we need to embrace to non-classical atmosphere models to interpret these regions. This region's properties is of importance, not the least, for the understanding of the mass-loss mechanism for these stars, which is not still understood. Here, we present observational constraints of the outer regions of red giants, based on mid-IR, high spectral resolution spectra. We also discuss possible non-LTE effects and highlight a new non-LTE code that will be used to analyse the spectra of these atmospheric layers. We conclude by mentioning our new SOFIA/EXES observations of red giants at 6 microns, where the vibration-rotation lines of water vapour can be detected and spectrally resolved for the first time. 
N. Ryde, J. Lambert, M. J. Richter, E. Josselin, G. M. Harper, K.   Eriksson, A. Boogert, C. DeWitt, T. Encrenaz, T. Greatho...
astro-ph.SR