New Techniques and Tighter Bounds for Local Computation Algorithms
  Given an input $x$, and a search problem $F$, local computation algorithms (LCAs) implement access to specified locations of $y$ in a legal output $y \in F(x)$, using polylogarithmic time and space. Mansour et al., (2012), had previously shown how to convert certain online algorithms to LCAs. In this work, we expand on that line of work and develop new techniques for designing LCAs and bounding their space and time complexity. Our contributions are fourfold: (1) We significantly improve the running times and space requirements of LCAs for previous results, (2) we expand and better define the family of online algorithms which can be converted to LCAs using our techniques, (3) we show that our results apply to a larger family of graphs than that of previous results, and (4) our proofs are simpler and more concise than the previous proof methods.   For example, we show how to construct LCAs that require $O(\log{n}\log\log{n})$ space and $O(\log^2{n})$ time (and expected time $O(\log\log{n})$) for problems such as maximal matching on a large family of graphs, as opposed to the henceforth best results that required $O(\log^3{n})$ space and $O(\log^4{n})$ time, and applied to a smaller family of graphs. 
Omer Reingold, Shai Vardi
cs.DS