High-order maximum principles for the stability analysis of positive   bilinear control systems
  We consider a continuous-time positive bilinear control system (PBCS), i.e. a bilinear control system with Metzler matrices. The positive orthant is an invariant set of such a system, and the corresponding transition matrix C(t) is entrywise nonnegative for all time t>0. Motivated by the stability analysis of positive linear switched systems (PLSSs) under arbitrary switching laws, we fix a final time T>0 and define a control as optimal if it maximizes the spectral radius of C(T). A recent paper developed a first-order necessary condition for optimality in the form of a maximum principle (MP). In this paper, we derive higher-order necessary conditions for optimality for both singular and bang-bang controls. Our approach is based on combining results on the second-order derivative of the spectral radius of a nonnegative matrix with the generalized Legendre-Clebsch condition and the Agrachev-Gamkrelidze second-order optimality condition. 
Gal Hochma and Michael Margaliot
math.OC