Joint Training of a Convolutional Network and a Graphical Model for   Human Pose Estimation
  This paper proposes a new hybrid architecture that consists of a deep Convolutional Network and a Markov Random Field. We show how this architecture is successfully applied to the challenging problem of articulated human pose estimation in monocular images. The architecture can exploit structural domain constraints such as geometric relationships between body joint locations. We show that joint training of these two model paradigms improves performance and allows us to significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art techniques. 
Jonathan Tompson, Arjun Jain, Yann LeCun, Christoph Bregler
cs.CV