Mode Error Analysis of Impedance Measurement using Twin Wires
  Both longitudinal and transverse coupling impedance for some critical components need to be measured for accelerator design. The twin wires method is widely used to measure longitudinal and transverse impedance on the bench. A mode error is induced when the twin wires method is used with a two-port network analyzer. Here, the mode error is analyzed theoretically and an example analysis is given. Moreover, the mode error in the measurement is a few percent when a hybrid with no less than 25 dB isolation and a splitter with no less than 20 dB magnitude error are used. 
Huang Liang-Sheng, Yoshiro Irie, Liu Yu-Dong, Wang Sheng
physics.acc-ph