ECRH beam broadening in the edge turbulent plasma of fusion machines
  Two analytical models for the ordinary mode propagating through inhomogeneous edge plasma layer are developed. Simple analytical expressions for diffusion-like angular and spatial beam width variation are obtained and compared to time-averaged results coming from 2D Maxwell's equations solver for different turbulence k-spectra and plasma conditions. The strong spatial broadening of microwave beam is predicted by the two approaches at realistic turbulent edge parameters for ECRH experiments at ITER. 
E.V. Sysoeva, F. da Silva, E.Z. Gusakov, S. Heuraux, A.Yu. Popov
physics.plasm-ph