A generalization of Witsenhausen's zero-error rate for directed graphs
  We investigate a communication setup where a source output is sent through a free noisy channel first and an additional codeword is sent through a noiseless but expensive channel later. With the help of the second message the decoder should be able to decide with zero-error whether its decoding of the first message was error-free. This scenario leads to the definition of a digraph parameter that generalizes Witsenhausen's zero-error rate for directed graphs. We investigate this new parameter for some specific directed graphs and explore its relations to other digraph parameters like Sperner capacity and dichromatic number.   When the original problem is modified to require zero-error decoding of the whole message then we arrive back to the Witsenhausen rate of an appropriately defined undirected graph. 
G\'abor Simonyi, \'Agnes T\'oth
cs.IT math.CO math.IT