Analysis of first order systems of partial differential equations
  The paper deals with a formally self-adjoint first order linear differential operator acting on m-columns of complex-valued half-densities over an n-manifold without boundary. We study the distribution of eigenvalues in the elliptic setting and the propagator in the hyperbolic setting, deriving two-term asymptotic formulae for both. We then turn our attention to the special case of a two by two operator in dimension four. We show that the geometric concepts of Lorentzian metric, Pauli matrices, spinor field, connection coefficients for spinor fields, electromagnetic covector potential, Dirac equation and Dirac action arise naturally in the process of our analysis. 
Yan-Long Fang, Dmitri Vassiliev
math.SP math-ph math.DG math.MP