Controlling strongly correlated dust clusters with lasers
  The most attractive feature of dusty plasmas is the possibility to create strong correlations at room temperatures. At the same time, these plasmas allow for a precise diagnostics with single-particle resolution. From such measurements, the structural properties of finite two-dimensional (2D) clusters and three-dimensional (3D) spherical crystals in nearly harmonic traps-Yukawa balls-have been explored in great detail. Their structural properties-the shell compositions and the order within the shells-have been investigated and good agreement to theoretical predictions was found. Open questions on the agenda are the excitation behavior, the structural changes, and phase transitions that occur at elevated temperature.   In order to increase the dust temperature in the experiment various techniques have been used. Among them, laser heating appears to have unique capabilities because it affects only the dust particles, leaving the lighter plasma components unchanged. Here we report on recent experimental results where laser heating methods were further improved and applied to finite 2D and 3D clusters. Comparing to simulations, we demonstrate that this indeed allows to increase the temperature in a controlled manner. For the analysis of thermodynamics and phase transitions in these finite systems, we present theoretical and experimental results on the basis of the instantaneous normal modes, pair distribution function and the recently introduced center-two-particle distribution function. 
Hauke Thomsen, Patrick Ludwig, Michael Bonitz, Jan Schablinski,   Dietmar Block, Andr\'e Schella and Andr\'e Melzer
physics.plasm-ph