Wind speed prediction using different computing techniques
  Wind is slated to become one of the most sought after source of energy in future. Both onshore as well as offshore wind farms are getting deployed rapidly over the world. This paper evaluates a neural network based time series approach to predict wind speed in real time over shorter duration of up to 12 hr based on analysis of three hourly wind data collected through a wave rider buoy deployed off Goa in deep water and far away from the shore. The data were collected for 4 years from February 1998 to February 2002. A simple feed forward type of network trained using a variety of algorithms was used. The input nodes selected by trial were three in number and belonged to the segment of preceding observations while the output node was single and it consisted of the predicted value of the wind speed over the subsequent 3, 6 and 12 hours one at a time. The number of hidden nodes was based on trials. The total sample was divided into a training set (first 70 percent) and a testing set (remaining 30 percent). The outcome of the network was compared with the actual observations with the help of scatter diagrams and time history plots as well as through the error statistics of the correlation coefficient, R, and mean square error, MSE. The testing of the network showed that it predicted the wind speed in a very satisfactory manner with R = 0.99 and MSE = 0.30 (m/s)2 for a 3 hour ahead prediction while these values for a 12 hour ahead predictions were 0.96 and 1.19 (m/s)2, respectively. Such a prediction based on neural network was found to be superior to that based on polynomial fittings as well as ARMA models. ARIMA models were also used but the predicted values showed significant lag. 
Munir Ahmad Nayak and M C Deo
stat.CO