Long-range Fermi sea correlations as the resource for encoding quantum   information
  An extra constant phase can be added to the wave function of a finite-length portion of a chiral Fermi sea. This phase can be read-out with the help of an imbalanced interferometer, where such a phase carrier interferes with the reference Fermi sea. As a result of such interference, the same in value but opposite in sign charge is appeared at interferometer's outputs. A phase carrier consists of electron-hole pairs residing on the surface of the Fermi sea. Importantly, these pairs are not only electrically neutral, but in addition do not carry heat. A phase carrier can be created, for instance, with the help of an on-demand single-electron source able to produce excitations with a multiple-peak density profile. 
Michael Moskalets
cond-mat.mes-hall