Backward stimulated radiation from filaments in Nitrogen gas and air   pumped by circularly polarized 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses
  We report on strong backward stimulated emission at 337 nm in Nitrogen gas pumped by circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm. A distinct dependence of the backward UV spectrum on pump laser polarization and intensity is observed, pointing to the occurrence of backward amplified spontaneous emission inside filaments. We attribute the population inversion to inelastic collision between the free electrons produced by the pump laser and neutral N2 molecules. The addition of Oxygen molecules is detrimental for the gain, reducing it to near threshold at atmospheric concentration. 
Sergey Mitryukovskiy, Yi Liu, Pengji Ding, Aur\'elien Houard, and   Andr\'e Mysyrowicz
physics.optics