Chapter 34 - Every Moment Counts: Synchrophasors for Distribution   Networks with Variable Resources
  Historically, with mostly radial power distribution and one-way power flow, it was only necessary to evaluate the envelope of design conditions, e.g., peak loads or fault currents, rather than continually observe the operating state. But the growth of distributed energy resources introduces variability, uncertainty, and opportunities to recruit diverse resources for grid services. This chapter addresses how the direct measurement of voltage phase angle might enable new strategies for managing distribution networks with diverse, active components. 
Alexandra von Meier, Reza Arghandeh
physics.soc-ph