MFCC based Enlargement of the Training Set for Emotion Recognition in   Speech
  Emotional state recognition through speech is being a very interesting research topic nowadays. Using subliminal information of speech, denominated as prosody, it is possible to recognize the emotional state of the person. One of the main problems in the design of automatic emotion recognition systems is the small number of available patterns. This fact makes the learning process more difficult, due to the generalization problems that arise under these conditions. In this work we propose a solution to this problem consisting in enlarging the training set through the creation the new virtual patterns. In the case of emotional speech, most of the emotional information is included in speed and pitch variations. So, a change in the average pitch that does not modify neither the speed nor the pitch variations does not affect the expressed emotion. Thus, we use this prior information in order to create new patterns applying a gender dependent pitch shift modification in the feature extraction process of the classification system. For this purpose, we propose a frequency scaling modification of the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, used to classify the emotion. For this purpose, we propose a gender dependent frequency scaling modification. This proposed process allows us to synthetically increase the number of available patterns in the training set, thus increasing the generalization capability of the system and reducing the test error. Results carried out with two different classifiers with different degree of generalization capability demonstrate the suitability of the proposal. 
Inma Mohino-Herranz, Roberto Gil-Pita, Sagrario Alonso-Diaz and Manuel   Rosa-Zurera
cs.CV