Three Dimensional Non-Isothermal Ginzburg-Landau Phase-Field Model for   Shape Memory Alloys
  In this paper, a macroscopic three dimensional non-isothermal model is proposed to describe hysteresis phenomena and phase transformations in shape memory alloys (SMAs). The model is of phase-field type and is based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The hysteresis and phase transformations are governed by the kinetic phase evolution equation using the scalar order parameter, conservation laws of momentum and energy, and a non-linear coupling between stress, strain, and the order parameter in a differential form. One of the important features of the model is that the phase transformation is governed by the stress tensor as opposed to the transformation strain tensor typically used in the literature. The model takes into account different properties of austenite and martensite phases based on the compliance tensor as a function of the order parameter and stress. Representative numerical simulations on a SMA specimen reproduce hysteretic behaviors observed experimentally in the literature. 
R. Dhote, M. Fabrizio, R. Melnik, J. Zu
cond-mat.mtrl-sci