A Nonlocal Strain Measure for Digital Image Correlation
  We propose a nonlocal strain measure for use with digital image correlation (DIC). Whereas the traditional notion of compatibility (strain as the derivative of the displacement field) is problematic when the displacement field varies substantially either because of measurement noise or material irregularity, the proposed measure remains robust, well-defined and invariant under rigid body motion. Moreover, when the displacement field is smooth, the classical and nonlocal strain are in agreement. We demonstrate, via several numerical examples, the potential of this new strain measure for problems with steep gradients. We also show how the nonlocal strain provides an intrinsic mechanism for filtering high frequency content from the strain profile and so has a high signal to noise ratio. This is a convenient feature considering image noise and its impact on strain calculations. 
R.B. Lehoucq, P.L. Reu, D.Z. Turner
physics.ins-det