Hands-Off Control as Green Control
  In this article, we introduce a new paradigm of control, called hands-off control, which can save energy and reduce CO2 emissions in control systems. A hands-off control is defined as a control that has a much shorter support than the horizon length. The maximum hands-off control is the minimum support (or sparsest) control among all admissible controls. With maximum hands-off control, actuators in the feedback control system can be stopped during time intervals over which the control values are zero. We show the maximum hands-off control is given by L1 optimal control, for which we also show numerical computation formulas. 
Masaaki Nagahara, Daniel E. Quevedo, Dragan Nesic
cs.SY math.OC