Measurement and Modeling of Electron Cloud in a Field Free Environment   Using Retarding Field Analyzers
  As part of the CESR-TA program at Cornell, diagnostic devices to measure and quantify the electron cloud effect have been installed throughout the CESR ring. One such device is the Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA), which provides information on the local electron cloud density and energy distribution. In a magnetic field free environment, RFA measurements can be directly compared with simulation to study the growth and dynamics of the cloud on a quantitative level. In particular, the photoemission and secondary emission characteristics of the instrumented chambers can be determined simultaneously. 
J.R. Calvey, G. Dugan, W. Hartung, J.A. Livezey, J. Makita, M.A.   Palmer
physics.acc-ph