Observation of Acoustic Valley Vortex States and Valley-Chirality Locked   Beam Splitting
  The Letter reports an experimental observation of the classical version of valley polarized states in a two-dimensional hexagonal sonic crystal, where the inversion-symmetry breaking of scatterers induces an omnidirectional frequency gap. The acoustic valley states, which carry specific linear momenta and orbital angular momenta, were selectively excited by external Gaussian beams and conveniently confirmed by the pressure distribution outside the crystal, according to the criterion of momentum conservation. The vortex nature of such intriguing crystal states was directly characterized by scanning the phase profile inside the crystal. In addition, we observed a peculiar beam splitting phenomenon, in which the separated beams are constructed by different valleys and locked to the opposite vortex chirality. The exceptional sound transport, encoded with valley-chirality locked information, may serve as the basis of designing conceptually novel acoustic devices with unconventional functions. 
Liping Ye, Chunyin Qiu, Jiuyang Lu, Xinhua Wen, Yuanyuan Shen, Manzhu   Ke, Fan Zhang, and Zhengyou Liu
cond-mat.mes-hall