Demand Dispatch with Heterogeneous Intelligent Loads
  A distributed control architecture is presented that is intended to make a collection of heterogeneous loads appear to the grid operator as a nearly perfect battery. Local control is based on randomized decision rules advocated in prior research, and extended in this paper to any load with a discrete number of power states. Additional linear filtering at the load ensures that the input-output dynamics of the aggregate has a nearly flat input-output response: the behavior of an ideal, multi-GW battery system. 
Joel Mathias, Ana Bu\v{s}i\'c, Sean Meyn
cs.SY math.OC