Lyapunov spectrum of Markov and Euclid trees
  We study the Lyapunov exponents $\Lambda(x)$ for Markov dynamics as a function of path determined by $x\in \mathbb RP^1$ on a binary planar tree, describing the Markov triples and their "tropical" version - Euclid triples. We show that the corresponding Lyapunov spectrum is $[0, \ln \varphi]$, where $\varphi$ is the golden ratio, and prove that on the Markov-Hurwitz set $\mathbb{X}$ of the most irrational numbers the corresponding function $\Lambda_\mathbb{X}$ is monotonically increasing and in the Farey parametrization is convex. 
K. Spalding and A.P. Veselov
math.DS math.NT