Direct-Digital-Drive Microring Modulator
  The method of Direct Digital Drive is applied to a microring resonator. The microring resonator is thus controlled by a segmented set of electrodes each of which is driven by binary (digital) signal. Digital linearization is performed with the aid of digital memory lookup table. The method is applied to a single microring modulator to provide an M-bit digital-toanalog converter (DAC), which may also be viewed as an M-level pulse amplitude modulator (M-PAM). It is shown, by means of simulation, that a 4-bit DAC can achieve an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 3.74bits. Applying the same method for two rings, enables the generation of two-dimensional optical M-QAM signals. It is shown, by means of simulation, that a 16-QAM modulator achieves an EVM better than -30dB. 
Yossef Ehrlichman, Ofer Amrani, Shlomo Ruschin
physics.optics