Hierarchy, dimension, attractor and self-organization -- dynamics of   mode-locked fiber lasers
  Mode-locked fiber lasers are one of the most important sources of ultra-short pulses. However, A unified description for the rich variety of states and the driving forces behind the complex and diverse nonlinear behavior of mode-locked fiber lasers have yet to be developed. Here we present a comprehensive theoretical framework based upon complexity science, thereby offering a fundamentally new way of thinking about the behavior of mode-locked fiber lasers. This hierarchically structured frame work provide a model with and changeable variable dimensionality resulting in a simple and elegant view, with which numerous complex states can be described systematically. The existence of a set of new mode-locked fiber laser states is proposed for the first time. Moreover, research into the attractors' basins reveals the origin of stochasticity, hysteresis and multistability in these systems. These findings pave the way for dynamics analysis and new system designs of mode-locked fiber lasers. The paradigm will have a wide range of potential applications in diverse research fields. 
Huai Wei, Bin Li, Wei Shi, Xiushan Zhu, Robert A. Norwood, Nasser   Peyghambarian, and Shuisheng Jian
physics.optics