On the topology of the Lorenz system
  We present a new paradigm for three dimensional chaos, and specifically for the Lorenz equations. The main difficulty in these equations and for a generic flow in dimension three is the existence of singularities. We show how to use knot theory as a way to remove the singularities. Specifically, we claim:   (1) For certain parameters, the Lorenz system has an invariant one dimensional curve, which is a trefoil knot. The knot is a union of invariant manifolds of the singular points.   (2) The flow is topologically equivalent to an Anosov flow on the complement of this curve, and even to a geodesic flow.   (3) When varying the parameters, the system exhibits topological phase transitions, i.e. for special parameter values, it will be topologically equivalent to an Anosov flow on a knot complement, and different knots appear for different parameter values.   The steps of a mathematical proof of these statements are at different stages. Some have been proven, for some we present numerical evidence and some are still conjectural. 
Tali Pinsky
math.DS