Demonstrating Hybrid Learning in a Flexible Neuromorphic Hardware System
  We present results from a new approach to learning and plasticity in neuromorphic hardware systems: to enable flexibility in implementable learning mechanisms while keeping high efficiency associated with neuromorphic implementations, we combine a general-purpose processor with full-custom analog elements.   This processor is operating in parallel with a fully parallel neuromorphic system consisting of an array of synapses connected to analog, continuous time neuron circuits. Novel analog correlation sensor circuits process spike events for each synapse in parallel and in real-time.   The processor uses this pre-processing to compute new weights possibly using additional information following its program.   Therefore, learning rules can be defined in software giving a large degree of flexibility.   Synapses realize correlation detection geared towards Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) as central computational primitive in the analog domain.   Operating at a speed-up factor of 1000 compared to biological time-scale, we measure time-constants from tens to hundreds of micro-seconds.   We analyze variability across multiple chips and demonstrate learning using a multiplicative STDP rule.   We conclude, that the presented approach will enable flexible and efficient learning as a platform for neuroscientific research and technological applications. 
Simon Friedmann, Johannes Schemmel, Andreas Gruebl, Andreas Hartel,   Matthias Hock and Karlheinz Meier
q-bio.NC cond-mat.dis-nn cs.NE