Einstein-Cartan, Bianchi I and the Hubble Diagram
  We try to solve the dark matter problem in the fit between theory and the Hubble diagram of supernovae by allowing for torsion via Einstein-Cartan's gravity and for anisotropy via the axial Bianchi I metric. Otherwise we are conservative and admit only the cosmological constant and dust. The failure of our model is quantified by the relative amount of dust in our best fit: Omega_{m0}= 27 % +/- 5 % at 1 sigma level. 
Sami R. ZouZou, Andre Tilquin, Thomas Schucker
gr-qc astro-ph.CO