The peculiar velocities in the Galactic outer disk--hints of the   elliptical disk and the perturbation of the spiral structures
  We present the peculiar in-plane velocities derived from the LAMOST red clump stars. From the variations of the in-plane velocity with the Galactocentric radius for the young and old red clump stars, we are able to identify two types of peculiar velocities: 1) both the two red clump populations show that the radial velocity is negative within $R=9.0$\,kpc and becomes positive beyond (denoted as the \emph{long-wave} mode); and 2) the young red clump stars show larger mean radial velocity than the old population by about 3\,km$\rm s^{-1}$ between $R=9$ and 12\,kpc (denoted as the \emph{short-wave} mode). We find that the elliptical disk induced by the rotating bar can well explain the \emph{long-wave} mode peculiar velocity. The axis ratio of the elliptical disk is around 0.8-0.95 and the disk keeps circular at $R=9.24\pm0.2$\,kpc, which should be the location of the outer Lindblad resonance radius (OLR). Adopting the circular speed of 238\,km$\rm s^{-1}$, the pattern speed of the bar is then derived as $48\pm3$\,km$\rm s^{-1}$kpc$^{-1}$ from the location of OLR. On the other hand, the \emph{short-wave} mode is likely the perturbation of the spiral arms as density waves. 
Hai-Jun Tian, Chao Liu, Jun-Chen Wan, Li-Cai Deng, Zi-Huang Cao,   Yong-Hui Hou, Yong Zhang, Yue-Fei Wang, Yue Wu, Yong-Heng...
astro-ph.GA