Extremal Restraints for Graph Colourings
  A {\em restraint} on a (finite undirected) graph $G = (V,E)$ is a function $r$ on $V$ such that $r(v)$ is a finite subset of ${\mathbb N}$; a proper vertex colouring $c$ of $G$ is {\em permitted} by $r$ if $c(v) \not\in r(v)$ for all vertices $v$ of $G$ (we think of $r(v)$ as the set of colours {\em forbidden} at $v$). Given a large number of colors, for restraints $r$ with exactly one colour forbidden at each vertex the smallest number of colorings is permitted when $r$ is a constant function, but the problem of what restraints permit the largest number of colourings is more difficult. We determine such extremal restraints for complete graphs and trees. 
Jason I. Brown, Aysel Erey and Jian Li
math.CO