Design and fabrication of diffractive atom chips for laser cooling and   trapping
  It has recently been shown that optical reflection gratings fabricated directly into an atom chip provide a simple and effective way to trap and cool substantial clouds of atoms [1,2]. In this article we describe how the gratings are designed and micro-fabricated and we characterise their optical properties, which determine their effectiveness as a cold atom source. We use simple scalar diffraction theory to understand how the morphology of the gratings determines the power in the diffracted beams. 
J. P. Cotter, J. P. McGilligan, P. F. Griffin, I. M. Rabey, K.   Docherty, E. Riis, A. S. Arnold, and E. A. Hinds
physics.optics