Assessment of Microscopic Ion Beam Field Variation using Fluorescent   Nuclear Track Detectors
  Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detectors (FNTDs) offer a superior, sub-micrometer spatial resolution that allows for single particle track detection. However, when assessing particle fluence from the measured track positions, discrimination of actual fluence patterns from stochastic fluctuations is necessary due to spatial randomness in particle arrival. This work quantifies the spatial limits of fluence-based dosimetry of (heavy) charged particles and presents the use of tools to detect deviation from homogenous (true) fluence in measured data. It is found that deviations in fluence (and hence dose) on a percent level cannot be detected in a carbon beam on scales smaller than several tens of a millimeter even when using dose levels of 1 Gy. For typical fluences measured with FNTDs, read-out area side-lengths should be larger than 0.2 mm to detect fluence differences of less than 5 %. 
Alexander Neuholz, Steffen Greilich
physics.med-ph physics.data-an