On the congruence class modulo prime numbers of the number of rational   points of a variety
  Let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $\mathbf{Z}$. For $p \in \mathcal{P}$ the set of prime numbers, let $N_{X}(p)$ be the number of $\mathbf{F}_{p}$-points of $X/\mathbf{F}_{p}$. For fixed $n\geq 1$ and $a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n} \in \mathbf{Z}$, we study the set $\bigcap_{i=1}^{n}\lbrace p\in\mathcal{P}-\Sigma_{X}, N_{X}(p)\neq a_{i}\ [\bmod\ p]\rbrace$ where $\Sigma_{X}$ is the finite set of primes of bad reduction for $X$. In case $\dim X\leq 3$, we show the set is either empty or has positive lower-density. We also address the question of the size of the smallest prime in that set. Using sieve methods, we obtain for example an upper bound for the size of the least prime of $\lbrace p\in\mathcal{P}, p\nmid N_{X}(p)\rbrace$ on average in particular families of hyperelliptic curves. 
Lucile Devin
math.NT