Scrape-off layer ion temperature measurements at the divertor target   during type III and type I ELMs in MAST measured by RFEA
  In future nuclear fusion reactors high heat load events, such as edge-localised modes (ELMs), can potentially damage divertor materials and release impurities into the main plasma, limiting plasma performance. The most difficult to handle are type I ELMs since they carry the largest fraction of energy from the plasma and therefore deposit the largest heat flux at the target and on first wall materials. Knowing the temperature of the ions released from ELM events is important since it determines the potential sputtering they would cause from plasma facing materials. To make measurements of Ti by retarding field energy analyser (RFEA) during type I ELMs a new operational technique has been used to allow faster measurements to be made; this is called the fast swept technique (FST). 
S. Elmore, S. Y. Allan, G. Fishpool, A. Kirk, A. J. Thornton, N. R.   Walkden, J. R.Harrison (the MAST Team)
physics.plasm-ph