Upscaledb: Efficient Integer-Key Compression in a Key-Value Store using   SIMD Instructions
  Compression can sometimes improve performance by making more of the data available to the processors faster. We consider the compression of integer keys in a B+-tree index. For this purpose, systems such as IBM DB2 use variable-byte compression over differentially coded keys. We revisit this problem with various compression alternatives such as Google's VarIntGB, Binary Packing and Frame-of-Reference. In all cases, we describe algorithms that can operate directly on compressed data. Many of our alternatives exploit the single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) instructions supported by modern CPUs. We evaluate our techniques in a database environment provided by Upscaledb, a production-quality key-value database. Our best techniques are SIMD accelerated: they simultaneously reduce memory usage while improving single-threaded speeds. In particular, a differentially coded SIMD binary-packing techniques (BP128) can offer a superior query speed (e.g., 40% better than an uncompressed database) while providing the best compression (e.g., by a factor of ten). For analytic workloads, our fast compression techniques offer compelling benefits. Our software is available as open source. 
Daniel Lemire and Christoph Rupp
cs.DB