A Comparison of Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Membranes used for Front-side   Illuminated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
  In the present work we compare TiO2 nanotube lift-off strategies for the construction of front-side illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Anodic nanotube layers were detached from the metallic back contact by using different techniques and transferred onto an FTO substrate. We show that if we use an optimized potential step treatment to fabricate membranes, DSSC cell efficiencies can be significantly increased (>8%). This improved efficiency is ascribed to higher specific dye-loading and enhanced electron transport properties of optimally fabricated TiO2 nanotube membranes. 
Fatemeh Mohammadpour, Mahmood Moradi, Gihoon Cha, Seulgi So, Kiyoung   Lee, Marco Altomare, Patrik Schmuki
cond-mat.mtrl-sci