Decoding quasars: gravitationally redshifted spectral lines !
  Further investigation of data on quasars, especially in the ultraviolet band, yields an amazingly coherent narrative which we present in this paper. Quasars are characterised by strong continuum emission and redshifted emission and absorption lines which includes the famous Lyman $\alpha$ forest. We present irrefutable evidence in support of (1) the entire line spectrum arising in matter located inside the quasar system, (2) the range of redshifts shown by the lines being due to the variable contribution of the gravitational redshift in the observed line velocity, (3) existence of rotating black holes and of matter inside its ergosphere, (4) quasars located within cosmological redshifts $\sim 3$, (5) $\gamma$ ray bursts being explosive events in a quasar. These results are significant and a game-changer when we realise that the absorbing gas has been postulated to exist along the line-of-sight to the quasar and observations have accordingly been interpreted.   In light of these definitive results which uniquely constrain the quasar structure, we need to drastically revise our understanding of the universe built on the faulty assumptions of observed redshifts of quasars having an entirely cosmological origin and the absorption lines arising in the intervening medium. 
Nimisha G. Kantharia (National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata   Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune)
astro-ph.GA