Low Frequency Carbon Radio Recombination Lines II: The Diffuse   Interstellar Medium
  In the second paper of the series, we have modeled low frequency carbon radio recombination lines (CRRL) from the interstellar medium. Anticipating the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) survey of Galactic CRRLs, we focus our study on the physical conditions of the diffuse cold neutral medium (CNM). We have used the improved departure coefficients computed in the first paper of the series to calculate line-to-continuum ratios. The results show that the line width and integrated optical depths of CRRL are sensitive probes of the electron density, gas temperature, and the emission measure of the cloud. Furthermore, the ratio of CRRL to the [CII] at 158 $\mu$m line is a strong function of the temperature and density of diffuse clouds. Guided by our calculations, we analyze CRRL observations and illustrate their use with data from the literature. 
F. Salgado, L. K. Morabito, J. B. R. Oonk, P. Salas, M. C. Toribio, H.   J. A. Rottgering and A. G. G. M. Tielens
astro-ph.GA