Optimal Power Consumption for Demand Response of Thermostatically   Controlled Loads
  We consider the problem of determining the optimal aggregate power consumption of a population of thermostatically controlled loads. This is motivated by the problem of synthesizing the demand response for a load serving entity (LSE) serving a population of such customers. We show how the LSE can opportunistically design the aggregate reference consumption to minimize its energy procurement cost, given day-ahead price, load and ambient temperature forecasts, while respecting each individual load's comfort range constraints. The resulting synthesis problem is shown to be amenable to optimal control techniques, but computationally difficult otherwise. Numerical simulations elucidate how the LSE can use the optimal aggregate power consumption trajectory thus computed, for the purpose of demand response. 
Abhishek Halder, Xinbo Geng, Fernando A.C.C. Fontes, P.R. Kumar, and   Le Xie
math.OC