Simultaneous Identification of Coefficient and Initial State for   One-Dimensional Heat Equation from Boundary Control and Measurement
  In this paper, we consider simultaneous reconstruction of the diffusion coefficient and initial state for a one-dimensional heat equation through boundary control and measurement. The boundary measurement is known to make the system exactly observable, and both coefficient and initial state are shown to be identifiable by this measurement. By a Dirichlet series representation for observation, we can transform the problem into an inverse process of reconstruction of the spectrum and coefficients for Dirichlet series in terms of observation. This happens to be the reconstruction of spectral data for an exponential sequence with measurement error. This enables us to develop an algorithm based on the matrix pencil method in signal analysis. An error analysis is made for the proposed method. The numerical simulations are presented to verify the proposed algorithm. 
Zhi-Xue Zhao, Mapundi Kondwani Banda, Bao-Zhu Guo
math.AP