An Extremum-Seeking Co-Simulation Based Framework for Passivation Theory   and its Application in Adaptive Cruise Control Systems
  In this report, we apply an input-output transformation passivation method, described in our previous works, to an Adaptive Cruise Control system. We analyze the system's performance under a co-simulation framework that makes use of an online optimization method called extremum-seeking to achieve the optimized behavior. The matrix for passivation method encompasses commonly used methods of series, feedback and feed-forward interconnections for passivating the system. We have previously shown that passivity levels can be guaranteed for a system using our passivation method. In this work, an extremum-seeking algorithm was used to determine the passivation parameters. It is known that systems with input-output time-delays are not passive. On the other hand, time-delays are unavoidable in automotive systems and commonly emerge in software implementations and communication units as well as driver's behavior. We show that by using our passivation method, we can passivate the system and improve its overall performance. Our simulation examples in CarSim and Simulink will show that the passive system has a considerably better performance. 
Arash Rahnama, Meng Xia, Shige Wang and Panos J. Antsaklis
math.OC