Quantization of Time in Dynamic Barrier Tunnelling
  In the B\"uttiker-Landauer perturbation approach to electron tunnelling, through a time-modulated rectilinear potential barrier, the Tien-Gordon identity was invoked, together with its infinite energy spectrum. Here, an exact treatment is presented which is based on the temporal wave-function matching procedure, that led to a finite energy spectrum. In seeking the condition governing the time evolution of the tunnelling process, the Euler formula provided the crucial ingredient for time quantization, which discretised the continuous time in the oscillating barrier potential and energy harmonic equations. As a result, a finite system of inelastic scattering channels was created. When an electron entered the elastic channel, it was scattered, instantaneously, into finite neighbouring energy-level scattering channels, by absorption (emission) of photon energy from (to) the oscillating field, during the transit period across the dynamic barrier. The absorption and emission times of barrier traversal, T_+ and T_-, respectively, were derived for the low and high frequency regimes of the barrier oscillations. Calculations revealed that in the low (high) frequency situation T_+= T_- (T_+< T_-). 
Sydney G. Davison and Timothy S. Davison
quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hall