Direct Characterization of Band Bending in GaP/Si(001) Heterostructures   with Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  We apply hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) to investigate the electronic structures in ~50-nm thick epitaxial GaP layers grown on Si(001) under different conditions. Depth profiles of the local binding energies for the core levels are obtained by measuring the photoemission spectra at different incident photon energies between 3 and 7 keV and analyzing them with simple numerical models. The obtained depth profiles are in quantitative agreement with the band bending determinations for the same samples in a previous coherent phonon spectroscopic study. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the HAXPES with varying incident photon energy to characterize the electric potential profiles at buried semiconductor heterointerfaces. 
Martin Schmid, Kunie Ishioka, Andreas Beyer, Benedikt P. Klein,   Claudio K. Krug, Malte Sachs, Hrvoje Petek, Christopher J....
cond-mat.mes-hall