Resilience by Structural Entrenchment: Dynamics of Single-Layer and   Multiplex Networks Following Sudden Changes to Tie Costs
  We examine a model of network formation in single-layer and multiplex networks in which individuals have positive incentives for social ties, closed triangles, and spillover edges. In particular, we investigate the influence of shocks to the network in which the cost of social ties changes after an initial equilibrium. We highlight the emergence of structural entrenchment: the retention of structural features, such as closed triangles and spillover edges, which are formed under historically different conditions from those currently driving network evolution. This work has broad implications for understanding path dependence in the structure and dynamics of single-layer and multiplex networks. 
Paul E. Smaldino, Raissa D'Souza and Zeev Maoz
cs.SI physics.soc-ph