Vocabulary and the Brain: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies
  In summary of the research findings presented in this paper, various brain regions are correlated with vocabulary and vocabulary acquisition. Semantic associations for vocabulary seem to be located near brain areas that vary according to the type of vocabulary, e.g. ventral temporal regions important for words for things that can be seen. Semantic processing is believed to be strongly associated with the ANG. Phonological ability has been closely related to the anterior surfaces of the SMG. Pathways through the posterior SMG are thought to link the anterior SMG and the ANG. In vocabulary tasks, mediotemporal structures may be related to long-term memory processing, with left hippocampal and parahippocampal regions related to long-term and working memory, respectively. Precentral structures are associated with phonological retrieval. Furthermore, many more regions of the brain are of interest in vocabulary tasks, particularly in areas important for visual and auditory processing. Furthermore, differences between brain anatomies can be attributed to vocabulary demands of different languages. 
Tom A. F. Anderson, C.-H. Ruan
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