Rank-Based Procedures in Factorial Designs: Hypotheses about   Nonparametric Treatment Effects
  Existing tests for factorial designs in the nonparametric case are based on hypotheses formulated in terms of distribution functions. Typical null hypotheses, however, are formulated in terms of some parameters or effect measures, particularly in heteroscedastic settings. Here this idea is extended to nonparametric models by introducing a novel nonparametric ANOVA-type-statistic based on ranks which is suitable for testing hypotheses formulated in meaningful nonparametric treatment effects in general factorial designs. This is achieved by a careful in-depth study of the common distribution of rank-based estimators for the treatment effects. Since the statistic is asymptotically not a pivotal quantity we propose three different approximation techniques, discuss their theoretic properties and compare them in extensive simulations together with two additionalWald-type tests. An extension of the presented idea to general repeated measures designs is briefly outlined. The proposed rank-based procedures maintain the pre-assigned type-I error rate quite accurately, also in unbalanced and heteroscedastic models. 
Edgar Brunner, Frank Konietschke, Markus Pauly, Madan L. Puri
stat.ME