A Comprehensive Methodology for Volt-VAR Optimization in Active Smart   Grids
  This paper considers the problem of Volt-VAR Optimization (VVO) in active smart grids. Active smart grids are equipped with distributed generators, distributed storage systems, and tie-line switches that allow for topological reconfiguration. In this paper, the joint operation of the remotely controllable switches, storage units, under load tap changers, and shunt capacitors is formulated for a day-ahead operation scheme. The proposed VVO problem aims at minimizing the expected active power loss in the system and is formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic program. The stochasticity of the wind power generation is addressed through a first-order Markov chain model. Numerical results on a 33-node, 12.66 kV active smart grid using real data from smart meters and wind turbines are presented and compared for various test cases. 
Mohammad Ghasemi Damavandi (Student Member, IEEE), Vikram   Krishnamurthy (Fellow, IEEE), and Jose R Marti (Life Fellow, IEEE)
math.OC