Tensor Modes Damping in Matter and Vacuum Dominated Era
  The present paper has developed an integro-differential equation to propagate cosmological gravitation waves in matter-dominated era in accounting for the presence of free streaming neutrinos as a traceless transverse tensor part of the anisotropic stress tensor. Its focus is on short and long wavelengths of GWs that enter the horizon in matter-dominated era. Results show that the anisotropic stress reduces the squared amplitude by $ 0.03\%$ for wavelengths, entering the horizon during matter-dominated phase. This reduction is less for those wavelengths that enter the horizon at $ \Lambda $ dominated era in flat spacetime. All of the calculations have been done in closed spacetime and the results have been compared with the radiation-dominated case for both flat and closed spacetimes. Finally the paper investigates the effect of closed background on the amplitude of the gravitational waves. 
Jafar Khodagholizadeh, Amir H. Abbassi and Ali A. Asgari
gr-qc astro-ph.CO