The Complexity of Computing (Almost) Unitary Matrices With $\eps$-Copies   of the Fourier Transform
  The complexity of computing the Fourier transform is a longstanding open problem. Very recently, Ailon (2013, 2014, 2015) showed in a collection of papers that, roughly speaking, a speedup of the Fourier transform computation implies numerical ill-condition. The papers also quantify this tradeoff. The main method for proving these results is via a potential function called quasi-entropy, reminiscent of Shannon entropy. The quasi-entropy method opens new doors to understanding the computational complexity of the important Fourier transformation. However, it suffers from various obvious limitations. This paper, motivated by one such limitation, partly overcomes it, while at the same time sheds llight on new interesting, and problems on the intersection of computational complexity and group theory. The paper also explains why this research direction, if fruitful, has a chance of solving much bigger questions about the complexity of the Fourier transform. 
Nir Ailon and Gal Yehuda
cs.CC