Image-based Vehicle Analysis using Deep Neural Network: A Systematic   Study
  We address the vehicle detection and classification problems using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) approaches. Here we answer to questions that are specific to our application including how to utilize DNN for vehicle detection, what features are useful for vehicle classification, and how to extend a model trained on a limited size dataset, to the cases of extreme lighting condition. Answering these questions we propose our approach that outperforms state-of-the-art methods, and achieves promising results on image with extreme lighting conditions. 
Yiren Zhou, Hossein Nejati, Thanh-Toan Do, Ngai-Man Cheung, Lynette   Cheah
cs.CV