Validation of SPAMM Tagged MRI Based Measurement of 3D Soft Tissue   Deformation
  This study presents and validates a novel (non-ECG-triggered) MRI sequence based on SPAtial Modulation of the Magnetization (SPAMM) to non-invasively measure 3D (quasi-static) soft tissue deformations using only six acquisitions (three static and three indentations). In current SPAMM tagged MRI approaches data is typically constructed from many repeated motion cycles. This has so far restricted its application to the measurement of highly repeatable and periodic movements (e.g. cardiac deformation). In biomechanical applications where soft tissue deformation is artificially induced, often by indentation, significant repeatability constraints exist and, for clinical applications, discomfort and health issues generally preclude a large number of repetitions. 
Kevin M. Moerman, Andre M. J. Sprengers, Ciaran K. Simms, Rolf M.   Lamerichs, Jaap Stoker, Aart J. Nederveen
physics.med-ph