The new neutron grating interferometer at the ANTARES beamline - Design,   Principle, and Applications -
  Neutron grating interferometry is an advanced method in neutron imaging that allows the simultaneous recording of the transmission, the differential phase and the dark-field image. Especially the latter has recently received high interest because of its unique contrast mechanism which marks ultra-small-angle neutron scattering within the sample. Hence, in neutron grating interferometry, an imaging contrast is generated by scattering of neutrons off micrometer-sized inhomogeneities. Although the scatterer cannot be resolved it leads to a measurable local decoherence of the beam. Here, a report is given on the design considerations, principles and applications of a new neutron grating interferometer which has recently been implemented at the ANTARES beamline at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum. Its highly flexible design allows to perform experiments such as directional and quantitative dark-field imaging which provide spatially resolved information on the anisotropy and shape of the microstructure of the sample. A comprehensive overview of the nGI principle is given, followed by theoretical considerations to optimize the setup performance for different applications. Furthermore, an extensive characterization of the setup is presented and its abilities are demonstrated on selected case studies: (i) dark-field imaging for material differentiation, (ii) directional dark-field imaging to mark and quantify micrometer anisotropies within the sample and (iii) quantitative dark-field imaging, providing additional size information on the sample's microstructure by probing its autocorrelation function. 
Tommy Reimann, Sebastian M\"uhlbauer, Michael Horisberger, Peter   B\"oni, Michael Schulz
cond-mat.mtrl-sci