Nonequilibrium interpretation of DC properties of NbN superconducting   hot electron bolometers
  We present a physically consistent interpretation of the dc electrical properties of niobiumnitride (NbN)-based superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB-) mixers, using concepts of nonequilibrium superconductivity. Through this we clarify what physical information can be extracted from the resistive transition and the dc current-voltage characteristics, measured at suitably chosen temperatures, and relevant for device characterization and optimization. We point out that the intrinsic spatial variation of the electronic properties of disordered superconductors, such as NbN, leads to a variation from device to device. 
M. Shcherbatenko, I. Tretyakov, Yu. Lobanov, S.N. Maslennikov, N.   Kaurova, M. Finkel, B. Voronov, G. Goltsman, T.M. Klapwijk
cond-mat.supr-con astro-ph.IM physics.space-ph