On the star-height of factor counting languages and their relationship   to Rees zero-matrix semigroups
  Given a word $w$ over a finite alphabet, we consider, in three special cases, the generalised star-height of the languages in which $w$ occurs as a contiguous subword (factor) an exact number of times and of the languages in which $w$ occurs as a contiguous subword modulo a fixed number, and prove that in each case it is at most one. We use these combinatorial results to show that any language recognised by a Rees (zero-)matrix semigroup over an abelian group is of generalised star-height at most one. 
Tom Bourne and Nik Ruskuc
cs.FL math.GR