Initial state dependence of a quantum-resonance ratchet
  We demonstrate quantum resonance ratchets created with Bose-Einstein condensates exposed to pulses of an off-resonant standing light wave. We show how some of the basic properties of the ratchets are controllable through the creation of different initial states of the system. In particular, our results prove that through an appropriate choice of initial state it is possible to reduce the extent to which the ratchet state changes with respect to time. We develop a simple theory to explain our results and indicate how ratchets might be used as part of a matter wave interferometer or quantum-random walk experiment. 
Jiating Ni, Wa Kun Lam, Siamak Dadras, Mario F. Borunda, Sandro   Wimberger, and Gil S. Summy
physics.atom-ph