Amplitude dependent orbital period in alternating gradient accelerators
  Orbital period in a ring accelerator and time of flight in a linear accelerator depend on the amplitude of betatron oscillations. The variation is negligible in ordinary particle accelerators with relatively small beam emittance. In an accelerator for large emittance beams like muons and unstable nuclei, however, this effect cannot be ignored. We measured orbital period in a linear non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator, which is a candidate for muon acceleration, and compared with the theoretical prediction. The good agreement between them gives important ground for the design of particle accelerators for a new generation of particle and nuclear physics experiments. 
S. Machida, D. J. Kelliher, C. S. Edmonds, I. W. Kirkman, J. S. Berg,   J. K. Jones, B. D. Muratori, J. M. Garland
physics.acc-ph