Space-time vortex driven crossover and vortex turbulence phase   transition in one-dimensional driven open condensates
  We find a first order transition driven by the strength of non-equilibrium conditions of one-dimensional driven open condensates. Associated with this transition is a new stable non-equilibrium phase, space-time vortex turbulence, whose vortex density and quasiparticle distribution show strongly non-thermal behavior. Below the transition, we identify a new time scale associated with noise activated unbound space-time vortices, beyond which the temporal coherence function changes from a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang type subexponential to a disordered exponential decay. Experimental realization of the non-equilibrium vortex turbulent phase is facilitated in driven open condensates with a large diffusion rate. 
Liang He, Lukas M. Sieberer, and Sebastian Diehl
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.quant-gas