Robust and fast online identification of streamwise vortices properties   for closed-loop control purposes
  We propose to combine the active vortex generators with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and post-processing streamwise vortex characterization algorithms into a feedback based closed-loop control system for wind turbine applications. We develop two vortex identification and characterization methods that use PIV realizations for the purpose of a real-time (online or on-the-fly) feedback-based control. Both methods can extract centers and strengths of streamwise vortices generated behind active vortex generators in a turbulent boundary layer flow, and we show how to integrate those in a closed-loop control strategy. For demonstration purposes we use stereoscopic PIV measurements at the wind tunnel facility obtained in the transverse-wall-normal plane behind active vortex generators. A robust algorithm is using the $Q$-criteria and the integration of vorticity of each extracted vortex. Results show that a moving window average of a small number of instantaneous fields is nevertheless needed for increased robustness. The robust method requires the full field PIV computation followed by spatial derivatives calculations. A faster method is developed, which, using only horizontal lines of vertical velocity, has a high potential to significantly cut down the computational effort relative to the robust method. We compare the two methods and discuss their shortcomings and the potential for the real-time, online, closed-loop control of turbulent boundary layers of the wind turbine blades. 
Caroline Braud and Alex Liberzon
physics.flu-dyn