Statistics of Turbulence Parameters at Maunakea using multiple   wave-front sensor data of RAVEN
  Prior statistical knowledge of the atmospheric turbulence is essential for designing, optimizing and evaluating tomographic adaptive optics systems. We present the statistics of the vertical profiles of $C_N^2$ and the outer scale at Maunakea estimated using a Slope Detection And Ranging (SLODAR) method from on-sky telemetry taken by RAVEN, which is a MOAO demonstrator in the Subaru telescope. In our SLODAR method, the profiles are estimated by a fit of the theoretical auto- and cross-correlation of measurements from multiple Shack-Haltmann wavefront sensors to the observed correlations via the non-linear Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA), and the analytic derivatives of the spatial phase structure function with respect to its parameters for the LMA are also developed. The estimated profile has the median total seeing of 0.460$^{\prime\prime}$ and large $C_N^2$ fraction of the ground layer of 54.3%. The $C_N^2$ profile has a good agreement with the result from literatures, except for the ground layer. The median value of the outer scale is 25.5m and the outer scale is larger at higher altitudes, and these trends of the outer scale are consistent with findings in literatures. 
Yoshito H. Ono (1,2), Carlos M. Correia (1), Dave R. Andersen (3),   Olivier Lardiere (3), Shin Oya (4), Masayuki Akiyama (2...
astro-ph.IM