Uniform Approximation of a Maxwellian Thermostat by Finite Reservoirs
  We study the evolution of a system of M particles in contact with a large reservoir of N>>M particles. The reservoir is initially in equilibrium at temperature T=1/\beta. The evolution of the system and reservoir is described via a suitable Kac-style collision process. We show that for large N, this evolution can be effectively described by replacing the reservoir with a Maxwellian thermostat at temperature T. This description provides an approximation that is uniform in time both in a suitable L^2 norm and in the Gabetta-Toscani-Wennberg (GTW) distance. 
Federico Bonetto, Michael Loss, Hagop Tossounian and Ranjini   Vaidyanathan
math-ph math.MP