Kinetics and Intermediate Phases in Epitaxial Growth of Fe3O4 Films from   Deposition and Thermal Reduction
  We have studied the growth of Fe3O4 (111) epitaxial films on Al2O3 (001) substrates using a pulsed laser deposition / thermal reduction cycle using an {\alpha}-Fe2O3 target. While direct deposition onto the Al2O3 (001) substrates results in an {\alpha}-Fe2O3 epilayer, deposition on the Fe3O4 (111) surface results in a {\gamma}-Fe2O3 epilayer. The kinetics of the transitions between Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were studied by measuring the time constants of the transitions. The transition from {\alpha}-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 via thermal reduction turns out to be very slow, due to the high activation energy. Despite the significant grain boundaries due to the mismatch between the unit cells of the film and the substrate, the Fe3O4 (111) films grown from deposition/thermal reduction show high crystallinity. 
Xiaozhe Zhang, Sen Yang, Zhimao Yang, Xiaoshan Xu
cond-mat.mtrl-sci