Signal optimization in urban transport: A totally asymmetric simple   exclusion process with traffic lights
  We consider the exclusion process on a ring with time-dependent defective bonds at which the hoping rate periodically switches between zero and one. This system models main roads in city traffics, intersecting with perpendicular streets. We explore basic properties of the system, in particular dependence of the vehicular flow on the parameters of signalization as well as the system size and the car density. We investigate various types of the spatial distribution of the vehicular density, and show existence of a shock profile. We also measure waiting time behind traffic lights, and examine its relationship with the traffic flow. 
Chikashi Arita, M. Ebrahim Foulaadvand, Ludger Santen
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.CG