Sharp Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities in fractional Coulomb-Sobolev   spaces
  We prove scaling invariant Gagliardo-Nirenberg type inequalities of the form $$\|\varphi\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)}\le C\|\varphi\|_{\dot H^{s}(\mathbb{R}^d)}^{\beta} \left(\iint_{\mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{R}^d} \frac{|\varphi (x)|^q\,|\varphi (y)|^q}{|x - y|^{d-\alpha}} dx dy\right)^{\gamma},$$ involving fractional Sobolev norms with $s>0$ and Coulomb type energies with $0<\alpha<d$ and $q\ge 1$. We establish optimal ranges of parameters for the validity of such inequalities and discuss the existence of the optimisers. In the special case $p=\frac{2d}{d-2s}$ our results include a new refinement of the fractional Sobolev inequality by a Coulomb term. We also prove that if the radial symmetry is taken into account, then the ranges of validity of the inequalities could be extended and such a radial improvement is possible if and only if $\alpha>1$. 
Jacopo Bellazzini, Marco Ghimenti, Carlo Mercuri, Vitaly Moroz, Jean   Van Schaftingen
math.FA math-ph math.AP math.MP