Universal scaling for the spin-electricity conversion on surface states   of topological insulators
  We have investigated spin-electricity conversion on surface states of bulk-insulating topological insulator (TI) materials using a spin pumping technique. The sample structure is Ni-Fe|Cu|TI trilayers, in which magnetic proximity effects on the TI surfaces are negligibly small owing to the inserted Cu layer. Voltage signals produced by the spin-electricity conversion are clearly observed, and enhanced with decreasing temperature in line with the dominated surface transport at lower temperatures. The efficiency of the spin-electricity conversion is greater for TI samples with higher resistivity of bulk states and longer mean free path of surface states, consistent with the surface spin-electricity conversion. 
K. T. Yamamoto, Y. Shiomi, Kouji Segawa, Yoichi Ando, and E. Saitoh
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall