Emergent cosmic space in Rastall theory
  Padmanabhan's emergent cosmic space proposal is employed to study the Rastall theory which involves modifying the conservation law of energy-momentum tensor. As a necessary element for this approach, we firstly propose a modified Komar energy which reflects the evolution of the energy-momentum itself in the case of a perfect fluid. After that, an expansion law is invoked to reobtain the Friedmann equation in this theory. 
Fang-Fang Yuan, Peng Huang
gr-qc