Effect of strong $\bar{\rm p}$-p nuclear forces on the rate of the   low-energy three-body protonium formation reaction: $\bar{p} + H_{\mu}(1s)   \rightarrow (\bar{p} p)_{\alpha} + \mu^-$
  The effect of the strong $\bar{\rm p}$-p nuclear interaction in a three-charge-particle system with arbitrary masses is investigated. Specifically, the ($\bar{\rm p},\ \mu^-$,\ p) system is considered, where $\bar{p}$ is an antiproton, $\mu^-$ is a muon and p is a proton. A numerical computation in the framework of a detailed few-body approach is carried out for the following protonium (antiprotonic hydrogen) formation three-body reaction: $\bar{p} + H_{\mu}(1s) \rightarrow (\bar{p} p)_{\alpha} + \mu^-$. Here, $H_{\mu}(1s)$ is a ground state muonic hydrogen, i.e. a bound state of p and $\mu^-$. A bound state of $p$ and its counterpart $\bar{p}$ is a protonium atom in a quantum atomic state $\alpha$, i.e. $Pn = (\bar{p}p)_{\alpha}$. The low-energy cross sections and rates of the $Pn$ formation reaction are computed in the framework of a Faddeev-like equation. The strong $\bar{\rm p}$-p interaction is included in these calculations within a first order approximation. It was found, that even in the framework of this approximation the inclusion of the strong interaction results in a quite significant correction to the rate of the three-body reaction. Therefore, the title three-body antiprotonic process with participation of muons should be useful, especially at low-energy collisions, in studying the $\bar{\rm p}$-p nuclear forces and the annihilation channels in $Pn$. 
Renat A. Sultanov, Dennis Guster, and Sadhan K. Adhikari
physics.atom-ph