Development of an Ideal Observer that Incorporates Nuisance Parameters   and Processes List-Mode Data
  Observer models were developed to process data in list-mode format in order to perform binary discrimination tasks for use in an arms-control-treaty context. Data used in this study was generated using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations for photons using custom models of plutonium inspection objects and a radiation imaging system. Observer model performance was evaluated and presented using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The ideal observer was studied under both signal-known-exactly conditions and in the presence of unknowns such as object orientation and absolute count-rate variability; when these additional sources of randomness were present, their incorporation into the observer yielded superior performance. 
Christopher J. MacGahan and Matthew A. Kupinski and Nathan R. Hilton   and Erik M. Brubaker and William C. Johnson
physics.data-an cs.CV