The Turbulent Origin of Outflow and Spin Misalignment in Multiple Star   Systems
  The protostellar outflows of wide-separation forming binaries frequently appear misaligned. We use magneto-hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the alignment of protostellar spin and molecular outflows for forming binary pairs. We show that the protostellar pairs, which form from turbulent fragmentation within a single parent core, have randomly oriented angular momenta. Although the pairs migrate to closer separations, their spins remain partially misaligned. We produce $^{12}$CO(2-1) synthetic observations of the simulations and characterize the outflow orientation in the emission maps. The CO-identified outflows exhibit a similar random distribution and are also statistically consistent with the observed distribution of molecular outflows. We conclude that observed misalignment provides a clear signature of binary formation via turbulent fragmentation. The persistence of misaligned outflows and stellar spins following dynamical evolution may provide a signature of binary origins for more evolved multiple star systems. 
Stella S. R. Offner, Michael M. Dunham, Katherine I. Lee, Hector G.   Arce and Drummond B. Fielding
astro-ph.SR astro-ph.GA