Efficient Pattern Matching in Elastic-Degenerate Strings
  In this paper, we extend the notion of gapped strings to elastic-degenerate strings. An elastic-degenerate string can been seen as an ordered collection of k > 1 seeds (substrings/subpatterns) interleaved by elastic-degenerate symbols such that each elastic-degenerate symbol corresponds to a set of two or more variable length strings. Here, we present an algorithm for solving the pattern matching problem with (solid) pattern and elastic-degenerate text, running in O(N+{\alpha}{\gamma}nm) time; where m is the length of the given pattern; n and N are the length and total size of the given elastic-degenerate text, respectively; {\alpha} and {\gamma} are small constants, respectively representing the maximum number of strings in any elastic-degenerate symbol of the text and the largest number of elastic-degenerate symbols spanned by any occurrence of the pattern in the text. The space used by the algorithm is linear in the size of the input for a constant number of elastic-degenerate symbols in the text; {\alpha} and {\gamma} are so small in real applications that the algorithm is expected to work very efficiently in practice. 
Costas Iliopoulos and Ritu Kundu and Solon Pissis
cs.DS