Lattice spanners of low degree
  Let $\delta_0(P,k)$ denote the degree $k$ dilation of a point set $P$ in the domain of plane geometric spanners. If $\Lambda$ is the infinite square lattice, it is shown that $1+\sqrt{2} \leq \delta_0(\Lambda,3) \leq (3+2\sqrt2) \, 5^{-1/2} = 2.6065\ldots$ and $\delta_0(\Lambda,4) = \sqrt{2}$. If $\Lambda$ is the infinite hexagonal lattice, it is shown that $\delta_0(\Lambda,3) = 1+\sqrt{3}$ and $\delta_0(\Lambda,4) = 2$. All our constructions are planar lattice tilings constrained to degree $3$ or $4$. 
Adrian Dumitrescu and Anirban Ghosh
math.MG cs.CG