Atomic orientation by a broadly frequency-modulated radiation: theory   and experiment
  We investigate magnetic resonances driven in thermal vapour of alkali atoms by laser radiation broadly modulated at a frequency resonant with the Zeeman splitting. A model accounting for both hyperfine and Zeeman pumping is developed and its results are compared with experimental measurements performed at relatively weak pump irradiance. The interplay between the two pumping processes generates intriguing interaction conditions, often overlooked by simplified models. 
G. Bevilacqua and V. Biancalana and Y. Dancheva
physics.atom-ph