Winograd Schemas and Machine Translation
  A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences that differ in a single word and that contain an ambiguous pronoun whose referent is different in the two sentences and requires the use of commonsense knowledge or world knowledge to disambiguate. This paper discusses how Winograd schemas and other sentence pairs could be used as challenges for machine translation using distinctions between pronouns, such as gender, that appear in the target language but not in the source. 
Ernest Davis
cs.AI cs.CL