A Fast Multipole Method based on Band-limited Approximations for Radial   Basis Functions
  The meshless/meshfree radial basis function (RBF) method is a powerful technique for interpolating scattered data. But, solving large RBF interpolation problems without fast summation methods is computationally expensive. For RBF interpolation with $N$ points, using a direct method requires $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ operations. As a fast summation method, the fast multipole method (FMM) has been implemented in speeding up the matrix-vector multiply, which reduces the complexity from $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(N^{1.5})$ and even to $\mathcal{O}(NlogN)$ for the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM). In this paper, we present a novel kernel-independent fast multipole method for RBF interpolation, which is used in combination with the evaluation of point-to-point interactions by RBF and the fast matrix-vector multiplication. This approach is based on band-limited approximation and quadrature rules, which extends the range of applicability of FMM. 
Wei Zhao, Martin Stoll
math.NA