Vacuum particle-antiparticle creation in strong fields as a field   induced phase transition
  The features of vacuum particle creation in an external classical field are studied for simplest external field models in $3 + 1$ dimensional QED. The investigation is based on a kinetic equation that is a nonperturbative consequence of the fundamental equations of motion of QED. The observed features of the evolution of the system apply on the qualitative level also for systems of other nature and therefore are rather general. Examples from cosmology and condensed matter physics illustrate this statement. The common basis for the description of these systems are kinetic equations for vacuum particle creation belonging to the class of integro-differential equations of non-Markovian type with fastly oscillating kernel. This allows to characterize processes of this type as belonging to the class of field induced phase transitions. 
S. A. Smolyansky, A. D. Panferov, D. B. Blaschke, L. Juchnowski, B.   Kaempfer, A. Otto
hep-ph physics.plasm-ph