Approximation Algorithms for Clustering Problems with Lower Bounds and   Outliers
  We consider clustering problems with {\em non-uniform lower bounds and outliers}, and obtain the {\em first approximation guarantees} for these problems. We have a set $\F$ of facilities with lower bounds $\{L_i\}_{i\in\F}$ and a set $\D$ of clients located in a common metric space $\{c(i,j)\}_{i,j\in\F\cup\D}$, and bounds $k$, $m$. A feasible solution is a pair $\bigl(S\sse\F,\sigma:\D\mapsto S\cup\{\mathsf{out}\}\bigr)$, where $\sigma$ specifies the client assignments, such that $|S|\leq k$, $|\sigma^{-1}(i)|\geq L_i$ for all $i\in S$, and $|\sigma^{-1}(\mathsf{out})|\leq m$. In the {\em lower-bounded min-sum-of-radii with outliers} (\lbksro) problem, the objective is to minimize $\sum_{i\in S}\max_{j\in\sigma^{-1}(i)}c(i,j)$, and in the {\em lower-bounded $k$-supplier with outliers} (\lbkso) problem, the objective is to minimize $\max_{i\in S}\max_{j\in\sigma^{-1}(i)}c(i,j)$.   We obtain an approximation factor of $12.365$ for \lbksro, which improves to $3.83$ for the non-outlier version (i.e., $m=0$). These also constitute the {\em first} approximation bounds for the min-sum-of-radii objective when we consider lower bounds and outliers {\em separately}. We apply the primal-dual method to the relaxation where we Lagrangify the $|S|\leq k$ constraint. The chief technical contribution and novelty of our algorithm is that, departing from the standard paradigm used for such constrained problems, we obtain an $O(1)$-approximation {\em despite the fact that we do not obtain a Lagrangian-multiplier-preserving algorithm for the Lagrangian relaxation}. We believe that our ideas have {broader applicability to other clustering problems with outliers as well.}   We obtain approximation factors of $5$ and $3$ respectively for \lbkso and its non-outlier version. These are the {\em first} approximation results for $k$-supplier with {\em non-uniform} lower bounds. 
Sara Ahmadian and Chaitanya Swamy
cs.DS