Double-temperature ratchet model and current reversal of coupled   Brownian motors
  On the basis of the transport features and experimental phenomena observed in studies of molecular motors, we proposea double-temperature ratchet model of coupled motors to reveal the dynamical mechanism of cooperative transport of motors with two heads, where the interactions and asynchrony between two motor heads are taken into account. We investigate the collective unidirectional transport of coupled system and find that the direction of motion can be reversed under certain conditions. Reverse motion can be achieved by modulating the coupling strength, coupling free length, and asymmetric coefficient of the periodic potential, which is understood in terms of the effective potential theory. The dependence of the directed current on various parameters is studied systematically. Directed transport of coupled Brownian motors can be manipulated and optimized by adjusting the pulsation period or the phase shift of the pulsation temperature. 
Chen-pu Li, Hong-bin Chen, Zhi-gang Zheng
physics.class-ph physics.bio-ph