The isospin dependent nucleon-nucleon inelastic cross section in the   nuclear medium
  The calculation of the energy-, density-, and isospin-dependent $\Delta$ production cross sections in nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering $\sigma^*_{NN\rightarrow N\Delta}$ has been performed within the framework of the relativistic BUU approach. The N$\Delta$ cross sections are calculated in Born approximation taking into account the effective mass splitting of the nucleons and $\Delta$s in asymmetric matter. Due to the different mass splitting for neutron, proton and differently charged $\Delta$s, it is shown that, similar to the NN elastic ones, the reductions of N$\Delta$ inelastic cross sections in isospin-asymmetric nuclear medium are different from each other for all the individual channels and the effect is largest and of opposite sign for the $\Delta^{++}$ and $\Delta^{-}$ states. This approach is also compared to calculations without effective mass splitting and with splitting derived from Dirac-Brueckerner (DB) calculations. The isospin dependence of the N$\Delta$ cross sections is expected to influence the production of $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$ mesons as well as their yield ratio, and thus affect the use of the latter quantity as a probe of the stiffness of the symmetry energy at supranormal densities. 
Qingfeng Li and Zhuxia Li
nucl-th