Nonlinear Resistivity for Magnetohydrodynamical Models
  A new formulation of the plasma resistivity that arises from the collisional momentum-transfer rate between electrons and ions is presented. The resistivity computed herein is shown to depend not only on the temperature and density but also on all other polynomial velocity-space moments of the distribution function, such as the pressure tensor and heat flux vector. The exact expression for the collisional momentum-transfer rate is determined, and is used to formulate the nonlinear anisotropic resistivity. The new formalism recovers the Spitzer resistivity, as well as the concept of thermal force if the heat flux is assumed to be proportional to a temperature gradient. Furthermore, if the pressure tensor is related to viscous stress, the latter enters the expression for the resistivity. The relative importance of the nonlinear term(s) with respect to the well-established electron inertia and Hall terms is also examined. The subtle implications of the nonlinear resistivity, and its dependence on the fluid variables, are discussed in the context of magnetized plasma environments and phenomena such as magnetic reconnection. 
Manasvi Lingam, Eero Hirvijoki, David Pfefferl\'e, Luca Comisso, and   Amitava Bhattacharjee
physics.plasm-ph astro-ph.HE astro-ph.SR physics.flu-dyn