Introduction to Quantum-limited Parametric Amplification of Quantum   Signals with Josephson Circuits
  This short and opinionated review starts with a concept of quantum signals at microwave frequencies and focuses on the principle of linear parametric amplification. The amplification process arises from the dispersive nonlinearity of Josephson junctions driven with appropriate tones. We discuss two defining characteristics of these amplifiers: the number of modes receiving the signal, idler and pump waves and the number of independent ports through which these waves enter into the circuit. 
Michel Devoret and Ananda Roy
cond-mat.mes-hall physics.optics quant-ph