Study of Beam Synchronization at JLEIC
  The ion collider ring of Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) accommodates a wide range of ion energies, from 20 to 100 GeV for protons or from 8 to 40 GeV per nucleon for lead ions. In this medium energy range, ions are not fully relativistic, which means values of their relativistic beta are slightly below 1, leading to an energy dependence of revolution time of the collider ring. On the other hand, electrons with energy 3 GeV and above are already ultra-relativistic such that their speeds are effectively equal to the speed of light. The difference in speeds of colliding electrons and ions in JLEIC, when translated into a path-length difference necessary to maintain the same timing between electron and ion bunches, is quite large. In this paper, we explore schemes for synchronizing the electron and ion bunches at a collision point as the ion energy is varied. 
V.S. Morozov, Ya.S. Derbenev, J. Guo, A. Hutton, F. Lin, T. Michalski,   P. Nadel-Turonski, F. Pilat, R. Rimmer, T. Satogata...
physics.acc-ph