Dissertation Research:  Envenomation Strategies of Prairie  Rattlesnakes
{'Code': '08090200', 'Directorate': {'Abbreviation': 'BIO', 'LongName': 'Direct For Biological Sciences'}, 'Division': {'Abbreviation': 'IOS', 'LongName': 'Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems'}}
{'SignBlockName': 'Fred Stollnitz', 'PO_EMAI': None, 'PO_PHON': None}
The amount of venom injected by rattlesnakes during predatory and               defensive strikes is potentially variable and an important factor               contributing to survival.  Yet, despite much speculation, there                 is no information on the quantities of venom delivered by                       rattlesnakes during strikes at live animals.                                                                                                                    By using enzyme-linked immunoassay to accurately measure dry mass               of venom in whole-animal tissues, the doctoral-dissertation                     research of William K. Hayes should clarify how and why prairie                 rattlesnakes allocate venom while striking.  Five experiments                   will be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions.  Mr.                  Hayes will examine how venom is metered during strikes at (1)                   different types and (2) various sizes of prey.  He will also                    study the effects of (3) snake size (ontogeny) and (4) hunger on                venom delivery patterns.  Lastly, he will compare venom                         expenditures during (5) predatory and defensive strikes.                                                                                                        These studies should illustrate the functional relationship                     between venom and its deployment, and thus advance our                          understanding of venom delivery in a representative pit viper.                  The information obtained will be essential for further tests of                 the function of rattlesnake venom and behavioral adaptations that               facilitate envenomation success.
{'FirstName': 'David', 'LastName': 'Duvall', 'PI_MID_INIT': None, 'PI_SUFX_NAME': None, 'PI_FULL_NAME': 'David Duvall', 'EmailAddress': 'duvalld@okstate.edu', 'NSF_ID': '000452590', 'StartDate': '08/01/1988', 'EndDate': None, 'RoleCode': 'Principal Investigator'}
{'Name': 'University of Wyoming', 'CityName': 'LARAMIE', 'ZipCode': '820712000', 'PhoneNumber': '3077665320', 'StreetAddress': '1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE', 'StreetAddress2': None, 'CountryName': 'United States', 'StateName': 'Wyoming', 'StateCode': 'WY', 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': '00', 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_ORG': 'WY00', 'ORG_UEI_NUM': 'FDR5YF2K32X5', 'ORG_LGL_BUS_NAME': 'UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING', 'ORG_PRNT_UEI_NUM': 'FDR5YF2K32X5'}
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{'Code': '1160', 'Text': 'IBN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR'}
{'url': 'https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/download?DownloadFileName=1988&All=true', 'xml': '8813271.xml'}