Behavior of Mineral Matter During Combustion and            Gasification of Wood
{'Code': '07020000', 'Directorate': {'Abbreviation': 'ENG', 'LongName': 'Directorate For Engineering'}, 'Division': {'Abbreviation': 'CBET', 'LongName': 'Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys'}}
{'SignBlockName': 'George P. Peterson', 'PO_EMAI': None, 'PO_PHON': None}
The volatilization and condensation of potassium, sodium, silica,               calcium, and other mineral matter of several species of woodand bark            will be studied in a tube furnace using SEM and ESCA (electron                  spectroscopy for chemical analysis)/AES (Auger electron spectroscopy)           to investigate the chemical and physical behavior of the mineral                matter during combustion and gasification.  The formation of                    particulate matter nodules on the surface of wood and bark char will            be studied in situ using fiber optics.  It is proposed to develop a             temperature-time map to better understand the effects of temperature            and residence time relationship on the release of volatile minerals             and particulate formation.                                                                                                                                      Over one half of the wood harvested in the United States and over               three quarters of the wood harvested in the world are used for fuel             for residential and industrial heat, hot water, steam, and                      electricity.  Mineral matter is a minor component of wood but during            combustion, mineral matter corrodes and fouls furnaces and boilers,             forms air-polluting particles in stack gases, and results in ash,               which poses a disposal problem.  Extensive research has been done on            the behavior of the mineral matter in fossil fuels so that their                effects on the combustion system and environment can be minimized.              There is no information, however, to describe the behavior of the               mineral matter in wood fuels during combustion.  The basic information          obtained in this study can lead to the design of more efficient and             environmentally safer combustion systems.
[{'FirstName': 'Kenneth', 'LastName': 'Ragland', 'PI_MID_INIT': 'W', 'PI_SUFX_NAME': None, 'PI_FULL_NAME': 'Kenneth W Ragland', 'EmailAddress': None, 'NSF_ID': '000303401', 'StartDate': '06/01/1988', 'EndDate': None, 'RoleCode': 'Principal Investigator'}, {'FirstName': 'Andrew', 'LastName': 'Baker', 'PI_MID_INIT': 'J', 'PI_SUFX_NAME': None, 'PI_FULL_NAME': 'Andrew J Baker', 'EmailAddress': None, 'NSF_ID': '000336398', 'StartDate': '06/01/1988', 'EndDate': None, 'RoleCode': 'Co-Principal Investigator'}]
{'Name': 'University of Wisconsin-Madison', 'CityName': 'MADISON', 'ZipCode': '537151218', 'PhoneNumber': '6082623822', 'StreetAddress': '21 North Park Street', 'StreetAddress2': 'Suite 6301', 'CountryName': 'United States', 'StateName': 'Wisconsin', 'StateCode': 'WI', 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': '02', 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_ORG': 'WI02', 'ORG_DUNS_NUM': '161202122', 'ORG_LGL_BUS_NAME': 'UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM', 'ORG_PRNT_DUNS_NUM': '041188822'}
{'Name': None, 'CityName': None, 'StateCode': None, 'ZipCode': None, 'StreetAddress': None, 'CountryCode': None, 'CountryName': None, 'StateName': None, 'CountryFlag': None, 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': None, 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_PERF': '""'}
[{'Code': '1402', 'Text': 'BIOCHEMICAL & BIOMASS ENG'}, {'Code': '1407', 'Text': 'CFS-Combustion & Fire Systems'}]
{'url': 'https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/download?DownloadFileName=1988&All=true', 'xml': '8805868.xml'}