Solar Flare Gamma Ray and Neutron Studies
{'Code': '06020203', 'Directorate': {'Abbreviation': 'GEO', 'LongName': 'Directorate For Geosciences'}, 'Division': {'Abbreviation': 'AGS', 'LongName': 'Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences'}}
{'SignBlockName': 'Sherry O. Farwell', 'PO_EMAI': None, 'PO_PHON': None}
Observations of neutron and gamma-ray-line emission from solar              flares are providing important new information on particle                      acceleration in solar flares and on the flare process itself.  These            gamma-rays and neutrons are produced directly by nuclear interactions           of the flare-accelerated protons and heavier ions with ambient gas in           the solar atmosphere.  Thus they yield the most direct information              available on the total number, energy spectrum, time dependence, and            angular distribution of the accelerated ions in the flare region, and           they can provide unique new information on both the scale height and            the 3He/H ratio in the solar photosphere.                                           Gamma ray line emission was first observed in 1973 and                      relativistic neutrons were observed in 1983.  These observations have           stimulated much more extensive theoretical calculations of gamma-ray            line and neutron production by flare particle interactions and                  comparison of the flare observations with these calculations have               provided much important new information.                                            This grant will pursue these general theoretical objectives.  In            particular, the PI will calculate the gamma ray line emission with a            view to determining the time dependence of particle acceleration in             flares.  All of this is with a view to comparing theory with                    observations in order to narrow the field of candidate models of                solar flares.
{'FirstName': 'Richard', 'LastName': 'Lingenfelter', 'PI_MID_INIT': 'E', 'PI_SUFX_NAME': None, 'PI_FULL_NAME': 'Richard E Lingenfelter', 'EmailAddress': None, 'NSF_ID': '000461993', 'StartDate': '12/01/1987', 'EndDate': None, 'RoleCode': 'Principal Investigator'}
{'Name': 'University of California-San Diego', 'CityName': 'LA JOLLA', 'ZipCode': '920930021', 'PhoneNumber': '8585344896', 'StreetAddress': '9500 GILMAN DR', 'StreetAddress2': None, 'CountryName': 'United States', 'StateName': 'California', 'StateCode': 'CA', 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': '50', 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_ORG': 'CA50', 'ORG_UEI_NUM': 'UYTTZT6G9DT1', 'ORG_LGL_BUS_NAME': 'UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO', 'ORG_PRNT_UEI_NUM': None}
{'Name': None, 'CityName': None, 'StateCode': None, 'ZipCode': None, 'StreetAddress': None, 'CountryCode': None, 'CountryName': None, 'StateName': None, 'CountryFlag': None, 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': None, 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_PERF': '""'}
{'Code': '1523', 'Text': 'SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL'}
{'url': 'https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/download?DownloadFileName=1987&All=true', 'xml': '8717676.xml'}