Influence of Alloying on the Nature of Passive Films and    on Their Breakdown
{'Code': '03070004', 'Directorate': {'Abbreviation': 'MPS', 'LongName': 'Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien'}, 'Division': {'Abbreviation': 'DMR', 'LongName': 'Division Of Materials Research'}}
{'SignBlockName': 'Bruce A. MacDonald', 'PO_EMAI': None, 'PO_PHON': None}
This grant explores passivation behavior in metal alloys,                  applying ex-situ and in-situ measuring techniques to determine                  the nature of highly passive films and the role of alloying in                  improving the resistance of such films to degradation.  In-situ                 experiments are applied to passive layers undergoing breakdown.                 The role of hydrogen, the structure of the passive layer, and                   effects of alloying elements on passive layer behavior are                      determined.  Sophisticated X-ray techniques are employed in this                research, including grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and                     extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) reflectivity as                a function of incident photon energy and angle.
{'FirstName': 'Jerome', 'LastName': 'Kruger', 'PI_MID_INIT': None, 'PI_SUFX_NAME': None, 'PI_FULL_NAME': 'Jerome Kruger', 'EmailAddress': None, 'NSF_ID': '000260559', 'StartDate': '09/15/1988', 'EndDate': None, 'RoleCode': 'Principal Investigator'}
{'Name': 'Johns Hopkins University', 'CityName': 'BALTIMORE', 'ZipCode': '212182608', 'PhoneNumber': '4439971898', 'StreetAddress': '3400 N CHARLES ST', 'StreetAddress2': None, 'CountryName': 'United States', 'StateName': 'Maryland', 'StateCode': 'MD', 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': '07', 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_ORG': 'MD07', 'ORG_UEI_NUM': 'FTMTDMBR29C7', 'ORG_LGL_BUS_NAME': 'THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY', 'ORG_PRNT_UEI_NUM': None}
{'Name': None, 'CityName': None, 'StateCode': None, 'ZipCode': None, 'StreetAddress': None, 'CountryCode': None, 'CountryName': None, 'StateName': None, 'CountryFlag': None, 'CONGRESSDISTRICT': None, 'CONGRESS_DISTRICT_PERF': '""'}
{'Code': '1771', 'Text': 'METAL & METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURE'}
{'url': 'https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/download?DownloadFileName=1988&All=true', 'xml': '8813939.xml'}