Information Mechanics (Computer and Information Science)
{'Code': '05020000', 'Directorate': {'Abbreviation': 'CSE', 'LongName': 'Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr'}, 'Division': {'Abbreviation': 'IIS', 'LongName': 'Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems'}}
{'SignBlockName': 'Jolita D. Middleton'}
_Information Mechanics_ extends in a natural way the motivations           and methods of information theory, which originally dealt primarily             with a _static_ bookkeeping of information, to the study of                     _dynamical_ processes. As a system evolves in time, the parameters              that account for the different forms of information encoded in it               will evolve too, and one is naturally led to the study of the laws              that govern such evolution.                                                          An important area of this research is the study of _reversible_            processes. Reversible processes are, by definition,                             "information-conserving." The generic property of "reversibility"               expresses itself in a variety of specialized ways as further                    structure is introduced in the dynamical systems under study.                        Recent developments and applications show that this is a                   productive line of investigation, having a direct bearing on the                theory and practice of computation and on the mathematical modeling             of physics. Motivations and applications for this research are found,           among others, in the following problems                                           ---- Models of computation compatible with microscopic physics;                         dissipation in computation.                                             ---- Invertible cellular automata, and cellular-automaton models                        of processes traditionally modeled by differential equations.           ---- Lattice gas models of fluid dynamics.                                      ---- Collective phenomena and phase transitions.                                ---- Parallel computation; synchronization; special-relativistic                        effects in distributed computation.                                     ---- Quantum computation.                                                       ---- Information-theoretical generalization of physical concepts,                       such as entropy, energy, temperature, and action.                       ---- Generalization to computational processes of conservation laws                     and variational principles.                                                The "domestication" of natural physical processes for human                goals requires an appropriate understanding of these processes; thus,           the domestication of energy conversion in large amounts (typified by            the development of steam engines during the industrial revolution)              entailed opening up a new chapter of physics, namely thermodynamics.                 Today we are just beginning to tap the _information_-processing            (rather than _energy_-processing) resources of physics, say, by                 turning copper and silicon into computers.  However, many modeling              tasks of great conceptual or practical interest (e.g., in particle              physics, meteorology, molecular biology, pattern recognition,                   optimization problems, etc.)  demand amounts of computation vastly in           excess of what can be achieved with the present level of exploitation           of nature's intrinsic computational resources.  As a new chapter of             physics, _Information Mechanics_ addresses the question of how much             more computing power is hidden within the finer machinery of nature.
{'FirstName': 'Tommaso', 'LastName': 'Toffoli', 'EmailAddress': 'tt@bu.edu', 'StartDate': '07/01/1987', 'EndDate': None, 'RoleCode': 'Principal Investigator'}
{'Name': 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology', 'CityName': 'Cambridge', 'ZipCode': '021394301', 'PhoneNumber': '6172531000', 'StreetAddress': '77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE', 'CountryName': 'United States', 'StateName': 'Massachusetts', 'StateCode': 'MA'}
[{'Code': '6856', 'Text': 'ARTIFICIAL INTELL & COGNIT SCI'}, {'Code': '9120', 'Text': 'CROSS-DIRECTORATE PROGRAMS'}]
{'url': 'https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/download?DownloadFileName=1986&All=true', 'xml': '8618002.xml'}