VLF Wave-Particle Interaction Experiments on the            Magnetosphere and Ionosphere from Siple Station, Antarctica and Lake Mistissini, Quebec
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This project continues an on-going series of active experiments                 utilizing a Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio transmitter at Siple                 Station, Antarctica.  These wide ranging experiments study the                  interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasmas, and in                       particular the interaction of waves with the energetic particles                in the Van Allen radiation belts.  the Siple VLF transmitter is                 located in the antarctic ice sheet so that the long wire antennas               are effectively over a kilometer above the surface.  This permits               a relatively high efficiency for the transmission of the waves.                 The magnetically conjugate point is at Lake Mistissini, Que.  Both              facilities are equipped with receivers for the transmitted and                  modified VLF waves as well as a number of other diagnostic                      instruments.  The experimenters also use VLF instrumentation on                 several spacecraft.                                                                                                                                             These experiments are among the very few active experiments on                  space plasmas and are important for understanding the ionosphere                and magnetosphere.  They also are important for understanding                   astrophysical plasmas and laboratory plasmas for fusion machines.               In addition the knowledge gained has application to VLF/ELF/ULF                 communications systems used for national security.
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