Social Stigma and Self-esteem
{'Code': '04040500', 'Directorate': {'Abbreviation': 'SBE', 'LongName': 'Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie'}, 'Division': {'Abbreviation': 'BCS', 'LongName': 'Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci'}}
{'SignBlockName': 'Jean B. Intermaggio', 'PO_EMAI': None, 'PO_PHON': None}
It is well recognized that individuals who belong to                            stigmatized groups, such as the handicapped, homosexuals, and                   members of certain racial and ethnic groups, face a                             considerable degree of prejudice and discrimination, both                       socially and economically.  Psychologists have long believed                    that this prejudice and discrimination should have quite                        negative effects on the self-concepts of members of these                       groups.  In particular, it is commonly assumed that members of                  stigmatized groups have lower self-esteem than members of more                  advantaged groups.  Surprisingly, however, research to date                     generally does not support this assumption.  Blacks and whites,                 homosexuals and heterosexuals, unattractive and attractive                      individuals, women and men, generally do not differ in their                    overall levels of self-esteem.  Why not?  This is the focus of                  this research.                                                                                                                                                  This research will examine two types of strategies that people                  who are members of stigmatized groups may use to protect their                  self-esteem from the negative effects of prejudice and                          discrimination.  First, members of such groups may come to                      personally devalue those attributes or qualities on which they                  fare poorly relative to more advantaged groups.  Consequently,                  negative comments regarding those attributes may have a                         relatively minor impact on their overall feelings of self-                      worth.  Thus, for example, a physically handicapped person                      might come to feel that physical agility is far less important                  than intellectual prowess, and hence might be relatively                        unfazed by negative comments of comparisons about the former                    skill.  Second, members of stigmatized groups may blame                         negative feedback they receive on prejudice againt their group,                 rather than on themselves.  As a result, they may be personally                 protected from such feedback.  These ideas will be tested in                    nine studies, using five different types of experimental                        designs, and two types of stigmatized groups -- women and                       blacks.                                                                                                                                                         Results of this reseach will demonstrate some of the                            psychological mechanisms responsible for the paradoxically high                 self-esteem frequently found among people who are members of                    groups that are discriminated against.  More importantly, it                    should indicate the conditions that are likely to put members                   of such groups at risk for lowered self-esteem.
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[{'Code': '1332', 'Text': 'Social Psychology'}, {'Code': '9120', 'Text': 'CROSS-DIRECTORATE PROGRAMS'}]
{'url': 'https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/download?DownloadFileName=1987&All=true', 'xml': '8706153.xml'}