Computer programs may manage their own resources by using features exposed by programming languages (is a survey article contrasting different approaches), or may elect to manage them by a host--an operating system or virtual machine--or another program.
Computer programs may manage their own resources by. Computer programs were using features exposed by programming languages (is a survey article contrasting different approaches). Computer programs may elect to manage them by a host--an operating system or virtual machine --. Computer programs may elect to manage them by another program.