The spacecraft was developed in (OKB-1) under Chief Designer Korolev S.P. (who has tragically died before the launch) and the first 11 launches were unsuccessful due to different reasons and finally it was ready for a successful launch.
The spacecraft was developed in (OKB) under Chief Designer Korolev S.P.. OKB was 1. The first 11 launches were unsuccessful due to different reasons. Finally it was ready for a successful launch.