After studying philosophy, psychology, and art history in the Universität Leipzig of Germany in 1907 with Karl Lamprecht, he became the provisional Republic's Minister of Education in January 1912, but later resigned during Yuan Shikai's presidency.
He became the provisional Republic's Minister of Education in January 1912. He later resigned during Yuan Shikai's presidency. He was studying philosophy with Karl Lamprecht. He was studying psychology with Karl Lamprecht. He was studying art history in the Universität Leipzig of Germany in 1907 with Karl Lamprecht.