After graduating in Medicine in Pisa in 1861, he studied at Claude Bernard's laboratory in Paris; in 1864 he moved to Berlin in the school of Rudolf Virchow under the leadership of Wilhelm Kühne.
He studied at Claude Bernard's laboratory in Paris. He was graduating in Medicine in Pisa in 1861. He moved to Berlin in the school of Rudolf Virchow under the leadership of Wilhelm Kühne. This was in 1864.