Accompanied by a decline in monasteries and other communal institutions, social discord led to the emergence of untitled nobles called "hoofdelingen" ("headmen"), wealthy landowners possessing large tracts of land and fortified homes.
Social discord was accompanied by a decline in monasteries. Social discord was accompanied by a decline in other communal institutions. Social discord led to the emergence of untitled nobles "hoofdelingen" ("headmen"), wealthy landowners possessing large tracts of land and fortified homes. These untitled nobles were called.