He was born in Manchester and studied at Balliol College Oxford University and was a member of the Communist Party Historians Group before commencing a 36-year teaching career at the University of Birmingham.
He was born in Manchester before. He was commencing a 36-year teaching career at the University of Birmingham. He was studied at Balliol College Oxford University a member of the Communist Party Historians Group before. He was commencing a 36-year teaching career at the University of Birmingham. He was a member of the Communist Party Historians Group before. He was commencing a 36-year teaching career at the University of Birmingham.