If the relationship parameter\\ beta is estimated by regressing the observed y_i on x_i, the resulting ordinary least squares regression will yield a downwards-biased estimate of the slope coefficient and an upwards-biased estimate of the intercept.
The resulting ordinary least squares regression will yield a downwards-biased estimate of the slope coefficient-biased estimate of the intercept. The resulting ordinary least squares regression will yield a downwards-biased estimate of an upwards-biased estimate of the intercept. The relationship parameter\\ beta is estimated by regressing the observed y_i on x_i.