Section 5 and most other special provisions apply to jurisdictions encompassed by the "coverage formula", which originally covered jurisdictions that engaged in blatant voting discrimination in 1965, and Congress updated the formula in 1970 and 1975.
Section 5 and most other special provisions apply to jurisdictions encompassed by the "coverage formula" prescribed in Section 4 (b). The coverage formula was originally designed to cover jurisdictions that engaged in egregious voting discrimination in 1965, and Congress updated the formula in 1970 and 1975.