The origin and foundation of the Kingdom of Pamplona is intrinsically related with the establishment of the Marca Hispánica by Charlemagne and the emergence of the Duchy of Vasconia, which is commonly regarded as direct precedent of the Basque kingdom.
The origin and foundation of the Kingdom of Pamplona is intrinsically related to the Carolingian expansion over the Pyrenees with the establishment of the Marca Hispánica by Charlemagne and the progressive conquest of the Duchy of Vasconia following the War of Aquitaine (760-768). The duchy is commonly regarded as direct precedent of the Basque kingdom.