Instruct: Given a question, retrieve relevant passages that answer the question.
Query: What was Jon Cryer's first film role?
Jonathan Niven Cryer (born April 16, 1965) is an American actor and television director. Born into a show business family, Cryer made his motion picture debut as a teenaged photographer in the 1984 romantic comedy "No Small Affair"; his breakout role came in 1986, playing "Duckie" Dale in the John Hughes-written film "Pretty in Pink". In 1998, he wrote and produced the independent film "Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God... Be Back by Five".
"Nefarious" was written, directed, produced and narrated by Benjamin Nolot, founder and president of Exodus Cry, the film's distributor. Nolot, who travelled to 19 countries to collect the film's content, said that the purpose of the film is "to draw people's attention to the issue, but also to inspire them in terms of what they can be doing … to take a stand against this injustice." The film was officially released on July 27, 2011, with individual grassroots screenings also taking place. Laila Mickelwait, Exodus Cry's director of awareness and prevention, screened the film in several countries in an attempt to persuade governments to make laws similar to Sweden's "Sex Purchase Act", which criminalizes the purchasing rather than the selling of sex. The film was released on home video on May 1, 2012.
Smith first came to public attention with her role as Pam in the 1980 John Travolta film "Urban Cowboy", and later co-starred in the films "All of Me" (1984), a Steve Martin-Lily Tomlin comedy, and "2010" (1984), the science fiction sequel to "". In the early 1980s she also appeared in several TV movies, including "Pray TV", "Rehearsal for Murder" and "Deadly Intentions". She portrayed Jehan Al Sadat, wife of Egyptian president Anwar Al Sadat, in the 1983 TV miniseries "Sadat", and played Ernie Kovacs' wife Dorothy in the 1984 TV movie "".
Clarke began her acting career with a small role in a 2009 BBC One series, Doctors. Since 2011, Clarke has gained international recognition, playing the character Daenerys Targaryen in the HBO series Game of Thrones, for which she has been nominated for an Emmy three times. In 2017, Clarke became one of the highest paid actors on television and earned £2 million per episode of "Game of Thrones".
Val Kilmer was considered by Mann for the role of Jeffrey Wigand. Producer Pieter Jan Brugge suggested Russell Crowe and after seeing him in "L.A. Confidential", Mann flew Crowe down from Canada where he was on location filming "Mystery, Alaska" on the actor's one day off and had him read scenes from "The Insider" screenplay for two to three hours. When Crowe read the scene where Wigand finds out that the "60 Minutes" interview he did will not be aired, he captured the essence of Wigand so well that Mann knew he had found the perfect actor for the role. Crowe, who was only 33 years old at the time, was apprehensive at playing someone much older than himself when there were so many good actors in that age range. Once Crowe was cast, he and Mann spent six weeks together before shooting began, talking about his character and his props, clothes and accessories. Crowe put on for the role, shaved back his hairline, bleached his hair seven times and had a daily application of wrinkles and liver spots to his skin to transform himself into Wigand (who was in his early-to-mid-50s during the events depicted in the film). Crowe was not able to talk to Wigand about his experiences because he was still bound by his confidentiality agreement during much of the film's development period. To get a handle on the man's voice and how he talked, Crowe listened repeatedly to a six-hour tape of Wigand.
Wealthy businessman and single parent Sir Michael Carr (Michael Redgrave) does not know how to deal with his daughter Tansy (Juliet Mills), at that awkward age between teenager and adult. His close friend and employee ex-General Henry Barclay (Roger Livesey) has the same kind of problem with his son. Thomas Barclay (Michael Craig) left the military and has now tendered his resignation from Carr's automobile company.
When he was just 23 years of age, Fuller first met the not-so-famous actor, John Smith, along with another young, new TV actor, Doug McClure (Drury's future co-star on "The Virginian"), in the movie "Friendly Persuasion," where he only had a limited line. The two began to develop a lifelong friendship, in 1956. At the same approximate time when co-starring with Smith in "Laramie," Fuller also guest-starred with Smith on an episode of "Cimmaron City."
Sandra Peabody and Lucy Grantham were cast in the roles of the doomed Mari and Phyllis. The role of the lead villain, Krug Stillo, was given to David Hess, also a musician and songwriter. Jeramie Rain, who was twenty-one at the time, was playing Susan Atkins in an Off-Broadway production based on the Manson family murders; despite the fact that the original script called for an actress in her forties, Rain was awarded the part of Sadie. Fred Lincoln, who had appeared in pornographic films, was cast as Krug's criminal partner, while Mark Sheffler was given the role of Krug's heroin-addicted son. According to Lincoln, he and Peabody were acquaintances prior to filming and had the same agent at the time.
Chris Colfer (Kurt Hummel) had originally auditioned to play Artie Abrams. Although Colfer had no previous professional experience, Murphy was so impressed by Colfer's performance that the role of Kurt Hummel, named after the character Kurt from "The Sound of Music", was created for him.
Fabian Kruuse Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is former English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club. He made history by becoming the first third generation player to play for the county, following his father, Chris Cowdrey, and grandfather Colin Cowdrey. Cowdrey was often employed as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling slow left arm orthodox deliveries.
Jared Leto is an American entertainer with an extensive career in film, music, and television. He made his debut with minor roles in the television shows "Camp Wilder" (1992) and "Almost Home" (1993). He achieved recognition in 1994 for his role as Jordan Catalano in the teen drama television series "My So-Called Life". The show was praised for its portrayal of adolescence and gained a cult following, despite being canceled after only one season. The same year, he made his television film debut starring alongside Alicia Silverstone in "Cool and the Crazy". Leto's first film role was in the 1995 drama "How to Make an American Quilt". He later co-starred with Christina Ricci in "The Last of the High Kings" (1996) and received a supporting role in "Switchback" (1997). In 1997, Leto starred in the biopic "Prefontaine" in which he played the role of Olympic hopeful Steve Prefontaine. His portrayal received positive reviews from critics and is often considered his breakthrough role. The following year, Leto starred together with Alicia Witt in the horror "Urban Legend". He then acted alongside Sean Penn and Adrien Brody in the war film "The Thin Red Line" (1998). After playing supporting roles in "Black and White" and "Girl, Interrupted", Leto portrayed Angel Face in "Fight Club" (1999), which has since became a cult film.
"Nefarious" was written, directed, produced, and narrated by Benjamin Nolot, founder and president of Exodus Cry. Exodus Cry, which distributed the film, is headquartered in Grandview, Missouri and is an organization that opposes human trafficking by raising awareness, by reintegrating victims back into society, and by prayer. Nolot founded Exodus Cry in 2007 after a woman he did not know gave him , saying that God told her to do so in order that Nolot might found an anti-human-trafficking organization. This was founded at a prayer meeting later that year where attendees prayed for human trafficking victims. The organization claims that this prayer meeting occurred on the day before the announcement of the 2007 international child pornography investigation, which involved approximately 2,400 human-trafficking-related arrests in 77 countries.
The role of Linda was the first to be cast. Noé found Paz de la Huerta after holding auditions in New York City. "I met Paz and I really liked her. She had the profile for the character because she likes screaming, crying, showing herself naked—all the qualities for it." Due to a desire that Linda and Oscar should be believable as siblings, Nathaniel Brown, a non-professional, was cast because of his resemblance to Huerta. Noé feared that a professional actor would be frustrated by being shown almost exclusively from behind, but he felt that Brown, an aspiring director, would find it stimulating to merely be present on the set. Auditions were held for westerners living in Japan for other Tokyo-based roles. Cyril Roy went to an audition with a friend only because he wanted to talk with the director, whose previous films he admired. Roy was cast as Alex, since Noé found his talkative personality suitable for the role. Noé said about Brown and Roy:
In 2009, Fox had her first lead role since the "Transformers" series; she portrayed the title character in "Jennifer's Body", written by Academy Award–winning screenwriter Diablo Cody. In April 2009, she began filming "Jonah Hex", in which she portrayed Leila (Tallulah Black), a gun-wielding beauty and Jonah Hex's (Josh Brolin) love interest. The film was released on June 18, 2010. Despite receiving top billing, Fox described her role in the film as being a cameo. "Jonah Hex" was a critical and commercial failure in the U.S., with its international distribution cancelled after its poor performance. The film was named the "worst picture of the year" by the Houston Film Critics Society.
Madelyne Pryor was introduced during the acclaimed 1983 "Uncanny X-Men" run that saw long-time writer Chris Claremont pair with artist Paul Smith for a series of issues that would see the Jean Grey look-alike marry the retired X-Men leader Scott Summers (Cyclops).
Sean S. Cunningham made his directorial debut with the white coater film "The Art of Marriage". His film grossed $100,000 and attracted the company Hallmark Releasing (unaffiliated with Hallmark Cards Inc.). Cunningham made the film "Together" as a "better version" of film. Wes Craven, who had no money at the time, was put on the job of synchronizing dailies for Cunningham's re-shoot. He soon began editing the film with Cunningham and they became good friends. Hallmark Releasing bought the film for $10,000 and it was considered a "hit." Hallmark Releasing wanted them to do another film with a bigger budget and gave them $90,000 to shoot a horror film.
Caroline Carver (born 1976) is an English actress, screenwriter, and producer best known for roles such as Princess Jessica in the TV film "The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns" (1999), Ingrid in "The Aryan Couple" (2004), and Sandy in "My First Wedding" (2006).
In 1926 Kutter went to Cologne and joined the Phototechnical Laboratory, and created his first films the same year. From 1931 to 1947 he worked for the Bavaria Film in Munich. In 1937 he made the science fiction movie, "Weltraumschiff I startet" [Space Ship I Launches], a story about a first Moon flight which he dated on 13 June 1963, his 60th birthday. Kutter was awarded two golden medals at the Venice Biennale.
The script for "Scream" (1996), then known as "Scary Movie" was released for sale on a Friday and by 8 a.m. the following Monday had become involved in a significant bidding war from several studios, including Paramount Pictures, Universal Pictures and Morgan Creek, with producer Cathy Konrad bringing it to the attention of Bob Weinstein. The bidding eventually rose to an amount that the choice ultimately came down to Oliver Stone, who was at the time working with Cinergi Pictures, and Weinstein under Miramax. Williamson agreed to terms with Miramax for $400,000 plus a contract for two sequels and a third, unrelated film, believing their label, Dimension Films, would produce "Scream" immediately and without significant restriction. Wes Craven was approached early on to helm the film but he was occupied with remaking "The Haunting" and so other directors including Robert Rodriguez, Danny Boyle, George Romero and Sam Raimi were approached. Concerns were raised by Williamson and Weinstein when many of the approached directors, having read the script, believed the film to be a comedy, making them reluctant to hire those particular directors, believing they "didn't get it". Craven was approached and passed on the film several times, wanting to move away from the genre, but was enticed once Drew Barrymore became involved, reasoning that it may be different from his previous works if an actress of her recognition was involved. Ultimately the production of "The Haunting", at that time, fell through and Craven was able to take over directing duties on the film. Close to the end of the film's production, the Weinstein brothers had the film's title changed from "Scary Movie" to "Scream" inspired by the Michael Jackson song of the same name as Bob Weinstein felt "Scary Movie" was not suitable when the film also contained elements of satire and comedy. The change was immediately disliked by both Williamson and Craven who considered it "stupid" but would later remark that it was a positive change.
After completion of her book, Cody was encouraged by Mason Novick to write her first screenplay. Within months she wrote "Juno", a coming-of-age story about a teenager's unplanned pregnancy. The Jason Reitman-directed comedy stars Ellen Page and Michael Cera.
In the first eight Hellraiser films, Pinhead is portrayed by Doug Bradley. Because of his eventual skill at application and removal of the Pinhead appliances and costume, Bradley has been credited in some of the Hellraiser films as an assistant make-up artist. When he read the script for the first time, Bradley stated on interview that he saw Pinhead as a cross between Oscar Wilde and Noël Coward. Upon asking Barker how he should play Pinhead, Barker told him to "[think] of him as a cross between an administrator and a surgeon who's responsible for running a hospital where there are no wards, only operating theatres. As well as being the man who wields the knife, he's the man who has to keep the timetable going." The two also decided early on that Pinhead was formerly human:
Cryer's other film appearances include "" (1987), "Hiding Out" (1987), "Hot Shots" (1991), "Tortured" (2008), "Shorts" (2009), and "Hit by Lightning" (2014). He also has a recurring role in the CBS drama series "NCIS", playing Dr. Cyril Taft.
Although Cryer gained fame with his early film roles, it took several years to find success on television; none of his star vehicles, including "The Famous Teddy Z", "Partners", and "The Trouble with Normal", lasted more than 22 episodes. In 2003, Cryer was cast as Alan Harper on the CBS sitcom "Two and a Half Men", for which he won two Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2012. Cryer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Television in 2011.
Cryer's long run of unsuccessful TV projects finally ended three years later. Against the wishes of CBS executives (who were aware of his past failures) and due to a friendship with Charlie Sheen, he was cast in 2003 to portray Alan Harper on the hit comedy series "Two and a Half Men". He has earned seven Primetime Emmy Award nominations and two wins for his acting work on the show. In a comment on the show's high ratings, he said: "When you’re on a show that's fighting for survival every week, you stop trusting your instincts, because you think, ‘My instincts haven't worked so far.’ But when people clearly like the show and are watching it in great numbers, it takes a huge amount of pressure off you. It allows you to trust your instincts and go with what has worked for you before." After former co-star Charlie Sheen's departure from the series, Cryer's character became the show's main protagonist (with Ashton Kutcher being cast as the co-lead) throughout the final four seasons, mainly due to the show's retooled plot. At the end of the series of "Two and a Half Men," Cryer is the only actor to have appeared in every episode of the series; Sheen was fired in March 2011 and his on-screen son Angus T. Jones left the series at the end of season 10, after expressing the show as "filth" and that Jones is a "paid hypocrite". All appeared to be forgiven, however, as Jones, contrary to Charlie Sheen, appeared to great applause in the finale. Before being cast for "Two and a Half Men", Cryer auditioned for the role of Gaius Baltar on the Sci-Fi Channel's reimagined "Battlestar Galactica", but the role went to James Callis. In 2008, Cryer appeared with Laurence Fishburne and James Cromwell in the film "Tortured", and in 2009 co-starred with James Spader in the film "Shorts".
In 1995, he was cast as Bob in the sitcom "Partners", which, like his prior show "The Famous Teddy Z", was canceled after its first season. In an interview with "Time Out New York" he stated, "Hey, every show I'm in goes down. Think about this: George Clooney was in 28 pilots, or something. It means nothing". After guest starring on shows such as "Dharma & Greg" and "The Outer Limits", he successfully wrote and produced the film, "Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God... Be Back by Five". It debuted in 1998 at the Los Angeles Film Festival and gained positive reviews from critics. Leonard Maltin from "Playboy Magazine" called it "A breath of fresh air". That same year, Cryer landed in another TV series, the Fox sitcom "Getting Personal", alongside Vivica A. Fox and Duane Martin. Although the show was picked up for a second season after its abbreviated spring run, it was canceled that fall, after airing 17 episodes in total. In 2000, he was cast as the lead in a comedy series called "The Trouble With Normal". For the third time, Cryer starred in a show which was canceled after its first season.