How tall is an ostrich?
Common ostrich
As ambient air becomes hotter, additional evaporation can take place lower in the trachea making its way to the posterior sacs, shunting the lung surface.[62] The trachea acts as a buffer for evaporation because of the length, and the controlled vascularization.[62] The Gular is also heavily vascularized; its purpose is for cooling blood, but also evaporation, as previously stated. Air flowing through the trachea can be either laminar or turbulent depending on the state of the bird.[64] When the common ostrich is breathing normally, under no heat stress, air flow is laminar.[62] When the common ostrich is experiencing heat stress from the environment the air flow is considered turbulent.[62] This suggests that laminar air flow causes little to no heat transfer, while under heat stress turbulent airflow can cause maximum heat transfer within the trachea.[62]