Tarihin Hawan Sallah na manyan Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa 10 a Najeriya
Hawan Sallah wata al'ada ce da ta daɗe a tarihin Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa.
Masana tarihi irinsu Farfesa Ɗahiru Yahaya, malami a Jami'ar Bayero Kano, na cewa ana gudanar da hawan sallah ne domin nuna ƙarfin da ƙasa take da shi da kuma ci gaban tattalin arzikinta. "Dauloli sukan yi abin da Bature ya kira 'Military Parade' domin su nuna irin ƙarfinsu. Dalilin da ya sa ake yin wannan, su mutanen ƙasa sai a ba su ƙarfin zuciya, magabta kuma sai a sa musu tsoro a zuciya," in ji Farfesa Yahaya. Ya bayyana cewa: "Hawan Sallar da muka sani aka kawo, har ya zama babba a Kano ya kai shekara 500 tun Muhammadu Babba, domin duk irin tsarin hawan, Sarki Muhammadu Babba ne ya kawo shi." Ga dai wasu daga cikin Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa da ire-iren Hawan Sallar da suke gudanarwa. Masarautar Kano A wannan masarauta, akwai hawan sallah da ake yi duk shekara a lokacin ƙarama da kuma babbar sallah. Bayanai na cewa Muhammadu Rumfa ne ya assasa tsarin hawan sallah a Kano. Daga cikinsu akwai Hawan ranar sallah da Hawan Nasarawa da Hawan Ɗorayi da Hawan Daushe da Hawan Fanisau. Sai dai daga cikin waɗannan haye-haye da ake yi a Masarautar Kano, guda biyu ne suka fi jan hankali. Hawan Nassarawa Yayin wannan hawan, sarki na zuwa gidansa da ke Nassarawa daga nan ya zarce gidan Gwamnati domin yi wa Gwamna gaisuwar Sallah, wanda daga bisani zai fito a kan doki inda zai gamu da cincirindon mutane da ke jiran sa a bakin titi domin yi masa gaisuwa, da kuma ganin wucewarsa da jama'arsa. Mafi yawan matasa na fitowa domin kallon hawan Sarki na Nassarawa domin kuwa mafi yawan samari da 'yan mata a wannan lokaci ne suke baje-kolin kwalliyarsu. Hawan Daushe Ana yin wannan hawa ne idan sallah ta kwana biyu da yamma kuma an fara shi ne saboda wani bawan Sarki Muhammadu Rumfa mai suna Daushe da bai samu yin hawan sallah ba, ya ce zai yi masa hawa shi da kansa. Kuma a wannan hawa, sarki na zuwa ya gaishe da mahaifiyarsa saboda yadda Musulunci ya nuna mahimmancin uwa. Zagayen da ake yi yayin wannan hawa yana ƙara masa armashi. Masarautar Hadeja A cewar Jami'in hulda da Jama'a na fadar Mai Martaba Sarkin Hadeja, Muhammad Garba Talaki, a Masarautar Hadeja, ana gudanar da hawa iri uku lokacin ƙarama da Babbar sallah. Hawan Idi Ana gudanar da wannan hawa ne bayan sallar Idi da safe. "Sarki yana hawan, ya zagaya ya gaisa da mutanensa, ya dawo fada ya yi wa jama'ar gari bayani kan abubuwan da suka kamata jama'a su kiyaye da kuma duk saƙon da yake da shi ga al'umma a matsayin saƙon fatan alheri na sallah," in ji jami'in hulda da jama'a na masarautar. Hawan Bariki Shi kuma wannan hawa ana gudanar da shi ne ran biyu ga sallah kuma shi ma kamar Hawan Idi ana yin sa ne da safe. "Sarki yakan je bariki da shi da hakimansa su gai da DO 'District Officer' wanda shi ne a matsayin shugabannin ƙananan hukumomi na wancan lokacin kafin 'yancin kai. "Kafin a yi garambawul na jiha-jiha da ƙananan hukumomi a Najeriya, to wannan lokacin akwai DO da ake da su a larduna- larduna." "Shi na Hadeja shi ne yake lura da Hadeja har zuwa Daura kuma shi ne yake zaune a Hadeja." "Daga nan DO sai ya yi jawabi, ya kuma karɓi sako ya yi godiya, shi ma idan akwai wani abu sai ya faɗa," kamar yadda Talaki ya shaida wa BBC. Sai dai a cewar, Muhammad Garba, a yanzu, Sarki yana zuwa gidan gwamna ne maimakon gidan DO kuma Sarki yana jawabi ne kan abubuwan da suka shafi al'umma wanda gwamnati ya kamata ta sani game da batun ruwan sha ko tsaro. Hawan Ziyara Saɓanin Hawan Idi da Hawan Bariki da ake gudanar da su da safe, Hawan Ziyara ana yin sa ne da yamma. A wannan hawan, Sarki yana kai ziyara ne gidan mahaifiyarsa inda zai yi mata gaisuwar sallah. Muhammad Garba Talaki ya kara da cewa "Ita kuma (mahaifiyar sarki) a nan za ta gargaɗe shi da shawarwari na ɗa da mahaifiya, (sannan) a yi addu'oi." "Daga nan sai ya hau doki da hakimansa sai ya dawo ƙofar fada, amma a nan ba zai yi jawabi ba, tun da ya gama jawabansa. Hawan Daushe ko Hawan Yara Wannan hawan ɗan sarki ne da 'ya'yan hakimai suke yinsa amma ban da Sarki. Talaki ya ce: "Shi ɗan Sarki zai yi hawa tamkar sarki." A cewarsa, shi ma ana yin wannan hawa ne da yamma kuma "Sarki zai zo ya hau saman rumfa, ya zauna da hakimai ya ga yadda yaran za su yi a matsayinsu na manyan gobe." Masarautar Zazzau Muhammadu Bello Abdulƙadir Salenken Zazzau, jami'i a Masarautar Zazzau ya ce a wannan masarauta ana gudanar da hawan sallah guda biyu kamar yadda duk sauran Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa ke yi. Wanda ake yi lokacin shagulgulan ƙaramar sallah da kuma babbar sallah. A cewarsa, baƙi daga sassa daban-daban na zuwa kallon hawan da ake gudanarwa. Wasu kuma daga ƙauye su ma suna zuwa su sha kallo. Hawan Idi Ana gudanar da wannan hawa ne ranar sallah bayan an kammala sallar Idi. Masarautar Zazzau tana da ɗumbin tarihi Sarki da jama'arsa ne suke gudanar da shi kuma mutanen gari suna zuwa domin su sha kallon hawan dawakai. Hawan Daushe A wannan hawan da ake yi da la'asar ɗin biyu ga sallah, mutanen gari da ƙauyukan Zazzau ne suka fi zuwa kallo, kamar yadda Salenken Zazzau ya shaida wa BBC. Mutane na zuwa ne domin kallon hawan da kuma al'adun Masarautar. Hawan Maukibi Shi kuma wannan hawan ana yin sa ne don girmama haihuwar Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) da ake cewa Sallar Gani wato Mauludi. "Idan an yi sha biyu ga watan Rabi'ul Awwal akan yi hawa da ake ce masa hawan Maukibi ko hawan Idin Rabi'ul Awwal na Maulidi musamman Daura suna yi," in ji Salenken Zazzau. Masarautar Daura Alhaji Abubakar Magaji Fada shi ne wakilin Tarihin Daura a wannan Masarauta kuma a cewarsa, ana gudanar da hawa iri uku - hawan sallah ƙarama, hawan sallah babba da kuma hawan Gani. A cewarsa, ana gudanar da hawa iri biyu a lokacin ƙaramar sallah da kuma babba: Hawan Idi Kamar kowacce Masarauta a ƙasar Hausa, ita ma Ƙasar Daura tana gudanar da hawa bayan an kammala sallar idi. Shi ne hawan da ake yi ranar sallah. "Daga masallaci, Sarki na komawa ƙofar fada." a cewar Wakilin Tarihin Daura. Hawan Magajiya Shi wannan hawa, mata 'ya'yan sarauta ne suke yin sa. "Muna da magajiyoyi a Daura, muna da mayanoni da kuma ita ainihin mai sarautar Magajiya ɗin wanda da can asalin sarautar Daura mata ne suke yin ta." A cewarsa, duk da yanzu ba Magajiya ce da mulki ba, amma hawan wata alama ce kan yadda magajiyoyi suka mulki Daura. "Wannan mata za su taru 'ya'yan sarauta a gaisa da Sarki, a yi wa'azi na barka da sallah a kawo goron sallah a bayar, sarki kuma ya hau ya zagaye garin Daura ya dawo ƙofar nan ta fada wato kan giwa," A wannan hawa, ana samun wakilin gwamnati, za a yi hawa hakimai su kai gaisuwa ga Sarki sannan gwamna ya gabatar da jawabi kan ci gaba ko akasin haka da aka samu a jihar Katsina. Masarautar Sarkin Musulmi A Masarautar Sarkin Musulmi kuwa, hawa ɗaya ake yi. Hawan zuwa idi. A cewar masanin Tarihi a fadar Mai Alfarma Sarkin Musulmi, Daular Sambo Waliyi Giɗaɗawa, yayin wannan hawan, Sarkin Musulmi yana hawan dawaki da shi da sarakuna su je masallaci. Ya bayyana cewa "a baya, Turawan mulkin mallaka suna zuwa masallaci su zauna baya ga Musulmi, ana sallah suna kallo," "Bayan an ƙare sallah, sarkin Musulmi da Turawa su taho wajen jawabi" inda Sarkin Musulmi ke gabatar da jawabi. Masarautar Gwandu Hawan Sallah a Masarautar Gwandu ya samo asali da daɗewa tun zamanin sarakuna kuma an fara ne bayan Jihadi kamar yadda Alhaji Ibrahim Baisat, Galadiman Gwandu ya shaida wa BBC. Yayin hawan idi da ƙaramar sallah, uwayen ƙasa na ƙasar Gwandu 15 duk suna zuwa da dawakai 30 ko 40 wasu ma 50. A cewarsa, ana gudanar da hawan farko bayan sallar idi. "Idan aka (idar) da idi, ana fara kiɗi, lokacin kakaki su jira sai Sarki ya hau, 'yan sarki su hau, yaran sarki su hau," "Suna jeruwa ne bi da bi kuma suma uwayen ƙasa suna bi tare da dawakansu kuma wanda ke ƙarshe shi ɗan sarki ne da ake kira Uban Doma." kamar yadda ya faɗa. Saɓanin wasu daga cikin Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa da suke gudanar da hawan bariki, Masarautar Sarki ba ta yin wannan hawa illa "hanyar da sarki ya sani ita ake bi a shigo cikin gari." "Mutane su taho bakin hanya ana girgiza ana hawam shi kuma sarki yana amsawa." a faɗin Galadiman Gwandu. Idan kuma Sarki ya isa fada daga masallaci, sarki yana tsayawa ya fuskanci yamma don karɓar gaisuwa, kuma masu jiran sarauta su ke fara kai gaisuwa domin a san suna nan da biyayya," "daga nan kuma sai yaran sarki sai uwayen ƙasa, idan an gama, Sarki kuma sai ya yi jawabi ya shiga gida." a cewar Galadiman Gwandu. Sai dai kuma, acewarsa, akwai ɗan banbanci a lokacin hawa da sallar inda ɗan sarki ɗaya ne ke tahowa da dawaki su hau. "Sauran uwayen ƙasa an basu dama su tsaya garinsu su yi nasu ikon, amma gaisuwar sallah ba a ɗauke musu ba." Masarautar Katsina A Katsina, ana yin hawa sau biyu da ƙaramar sallah, sannan da babbar sallah ma a yi hawa guda biyu saɓanin wasu masarautun da ke hawa da yawa. Hawan Idi A cewar Alhaji Bello Mamman Ifo, Sallaman Katsina kuma Sakatare na Masarautar Katsina, a baya ana yin hawa sau ɗaya wato hawan idi. A wannan hawa, mai martaba yana fitowa daga gida ya bi ta hanyar Guga domin ya dawo gida - tsarin da ake yi kafin zuwan Turawa. Sai dai ya ce hawa ya sauya a yanzu inda aka ƙara hawa ɗaya wanda "idan aka yi hawan idi a yau, gwamna Bature zai zo fadar Sarki ya yi masa gaisuwar sallah," Mai martaba yana fita ne da safe "ya bi ta ƙofar Guga zuwa masallacin idi wanda ke bisa hanyar Jibia daga Katsina, idan aka idar kuma zai biyo ta hanyar ƙofar 'yan Ɗaka ya sake zagayowa ya dawo kan filin Kangiwa inda ake kira ƙofar soro, zai iske dukkan hakimansa suna jiransa wanda suma tuni sun zo kan dawakansu suna jira. "Amma Sarki shi ne a ƙarshen tawaga yayin da Mai girma Ƙauran Katsina shi ne a gaba sai 'Yan Ɗakan Katsina, Galadiman Katsina da Durɓin Katsina sune a jerin gaba sannan sauran hakimai za su biyo baya." a cewar Alhaji Bello Mamman Ifo. Hawan Sarki A cewar Sallaman Katsina "Kwana ɗaya da idi kuma mai martaba zai yi hawan Sarki ko hawan Barki inda zai iske Gwamna Bature su gaisa, idan ƙaramar sallah ce su yi wa juna barka da shan ruwa," "idan kuma babbar sallah ce su yi wa juna barka da saukowa daga Arfah. Masarautar Kazaure A wannan masarauta ana yin hawan sallah guda uku Hawan Idi Bashir Hussaini Adamu, Ɗan Amar ɗin Kazaure ya ce yayin wannan hawa, Sarki yana fita daga fada zai ɗauki hanya zai je masallacin idi, tafiya masallacin hanya biyu ake bi hanyar da aka tafi ba ita ake dawowa ba," "zai zagaya ta kudun gari tun da masallaci na gabas, zai yi kudu daga fadarsa ya karkata ya zagaya kamar kudun gari ya shiga masallaci can gabas da gari," "idan an taso kuma zai dawo ta arewa da gari ya dawo ƙofar fada inda za a yi ɗan hawa ba mai yawa ba." A cewarsa, babu wasu bukukuwa tattare da wannan hawa sai dai zuwa masallaci. Hawan Bariki Ana yin wannan hawa ne ranar biyu ga sallah kuma asalinsa shi ne sarki yana hawa tun zamanin Turawan mulkin mallaka, yana zuwa wajen gwamna Bature su gaisa, "Yana bi ta hanyoyi daban-daban domin zagaye gari, a dawo fada, ya karɓi gaisuwa sannan ya yi jawabi." in ji Ɗan Amar ɗin Kazaure. Ya ce an fi daɗewa a wannan hawa. Hawan Daushe Ana gudanar da wannan hawa da yamma a rana ta uku ga sallah. A wannan ranar, "bayan la'asar kowane hakimi akwai yaransa, ɗa jika ko jika ko ɗan ɗan uwa, daga gidan Sarki ma za a samu yaro shi ne zai wakilci sarki a ranar - yana iya zama ɗan sarki ko jikansa ko ɗan ɗan uwansa," "Hakimai suma za su sa wakilansu, kuma da zagagensu har 'yan bindiga ma yara ne." A cewarsa, ana zaɓar 'ya'yan da za su wakilci Sarki, suna juyawa ne a tsakaninsu." Sai dai ya ce zagayen da suke a wannan hawa bai kai na sarki ba. Masarautar Bauchi Kamar wasu daga cikin Masarautun Ƙasar Hausa, a wannan Masarautar ma, irin bukukuwan hawan sallar da ake gudanarwa sun zo kusan ɗaya a cewar Ado Ɗanrimi Garba, Wakilin Tarihin Bauchi. Ya ce ana gudanar da hawan sallah lokacin ƙarama da kuma babbar sallah. Hawan sallar da ake yi a Bauchi sun haɗa da: Hawan Sallah ƙarama da babba "Shi wannan hawa ana yinsa ne bayan saukowa daga sallar idi, kuma Sarki na bi ne ta Ƙofar Wambai daga nan za a sa lema da tambari sannan ya wuce titin unguwar jaki sannan ya dawo ƙofar fada inda zai karɓi gaisuwa," "Amma da kafin Sarki Musa Adamu Jumɓa. lokacin Sarkin Bauchi Yakuba Ɗan Umaru akan tsaya a ƙofar saraki ne sa fito daga masallacin idi sai tsaya a karɓi jahi, sai kuma sarki ya yi jawabi ko huɗuba ga jama'a." in ji Ɗanrimi Garba. Hawan Bariki A cewar wakilin tarihin Bauchin, "a da ana shigowa hawan bariki wato hawan da ake washegarin sallah akan shigo ne da sallar layya kasancewar idan an shigo baƙi kan shigo da dabbobinsu su yanka gari ya yi wari yana damun mutane," "Saboda tsaftar gari, sai aka ce sallar layya kowane hakimi ya zauna ya yi a garinsa sannan a rika shigowa da sallar azumi," kamar yadda wakilin tarihin ya faɗa. A wannan hawan ne Sarki ya ke kai ziyara gidan gwamnati inda yake gabatar da hakimansa tare da yin jawabi. Daga baya shi ma gwamna yana yin jawabi a ranar. Ado Ɗanrimi Garba ya bayyana cewa an fara wannan hawa ne tun a shekarar 1914 lokacin da Turawa suka zo su yi kallon hawan sallah. Masarautar Borno Game da sanin hawan da ake yi a Masarautar Borno, mun yi ta yunƙurin samun bayanai kan hakan amma ba mu samu sahihan bayanai daga masarautar ba.