Judy Heumann: Matar da ta sauya kallon wulakancin da ake yi wa masu nakasa
A lokacin da take da watanni 18 a duniya, Judy Heumann ta kamu da Polio. Cutar ta haddasa mata nakasa ta karshen rayuwa a kafarta, don haka a keken guragu take rayuwa.
Sai dai ba ta amince nakasarta ta kasance ƙalubale a gareta ba, ta kasance daya daga cikin jagororin da ke yaƙi da tabbatar da ƴancin nakasassu a Amurka. Ta taba kai ƙarar ma'aikatar ilimi ta birin New York domin ta cimma burinta na aikin koyarwa. Ta nemi kamfanin jirgin sama da zai bar ta tayi tafiya ba tare da dan rakiya ba. Kuma domin cimma burinta ta tafarkin shari'a ta rugumi aiki a ma'aikatar gine-gine na tarayya a Amurka. Ta zama mai bada shawara, ba wai na mutum guda ba, na shugabannin Amurka har biyu. A wannan shekarar, lokacin da mujallar Times ta wallafa hotunan mata 100 jarumai da suka kawo sauyi a duniya, Judy ta kasance a cikinsu, da Michelle Obama da Greta Thunberg. Jajircewarta wajen cimma muradanta ya sauya sunan da ake kiranta da - ''Chingona'', kamar yadda mijinta ke kiranta da harshen Spanish. ''Hakan na nufi sai kana da jajircewa, ka nuna gwazo,'' a cewarta, sai tayi dariya kan martabarta da abubuwan da tayi na taurin kai. Yaki na farko Rayuwar Ms Heumann bai zo ma ta da sauki ba, ta shaidawa BBC a shirinsu na Radiyo 'Outloo'. Judy's working-class parents didn't treat her differently but they couldn't protect her from the prejudices outside the home Iyayyen ta yahudawan Jamus ne da suka kasance marayu kuma suka gudu zuwa Amurka. A matsayin yarinya da ke tasowa a New York, ta fuskanci manyan matsaloli kamar samu gurbin karatu a makarantar yahudawa lokacin ta na ƴar shekara biyar. ''Shugabar makarantar ta ce ba ni da ilimin Hebrew isashe'', ina iya tunawa. Nan take mahaifiyarta ta shirya yadda za a rinka koyar da ita a gida domin inganta harshen ta ba tare da sanin cewa ai makarantar ce ba sa son daukar ta. Judy ta shafe shekaru hudu tana karatu a gida kafin mahaifiyar ta ta kai ta makarantar gwamnati. Ko a wannan lokacin an sanya ta ne a ji na musaman da aka ware wa yara masu lalurar nakasa. ''Ba ma zuwa cin abinci tare da yaran da basu da nakasa, sai dai sau guda a mako mu ke zuwa taron 'asemble'. Ana nuna mana wariya soai.'' During her college days Judy was fully aware of how she was seen by non-disabled people Nuna wariya Ko a yanzu da take cikin shekarunta na 70, akwai batutuwa da dama da har yanzu ba su bace a ƙwaƙwalwarta ba. ''Ni da abokai na mun fice daga ginin da muke zamu kanti, sai wani yaro ya zo ya tambaye ni ko bani da lafiya ne. Ina ga wannan shi ne karo na farko da na fahimci cewa mutane nayi mun kallo na daban.'' Ta ji haushi sosai. ''Ba rashin lafiya nake ba. Abin har yanzu yana yawo a kai na, don haka ya yi tasiri sosai a rayuwata.'' Judy tayi zarar a makaranta sannan tana son cimma burinta na koyarwa a makaranta, amma masu nakasa basu fiya samun tallafi ba kan wani aiki da suka sanya gaba don haka sai ta karanci ilimin fasahar baka, sannu a hankali ta gina nata tsarin koyarwar. A lokacin da take kwalaji ta fuskancin kalubale da dama. ''Da yammacin juma'a naji mutum na kwan-kwasa mun kofa.'' Matasa ne maza su uku da mata biyu. Daya daga cikin mazan ya ce mata budurwar da za ta bi shi su fita abubuwa sun hanata, sai ya tambaye Judy ko ta san wacce zata iya maye gurbinta. Ta ce ta fahimci cewa Judy tana iya maye gurbinta wannan yarinyar da yake son fita da ita a wannan daren ba. ''Ban yi kuka ba. Ban yi ihu ba. Kawai na ce To'', kamar yadda ta iya tunawa. ''A baiyanne ana mun kallon wacce ba ta jan hankali, ko namiji zai iya sha'awata... wadanan batutuwan akwai kona rai musamman idan tana tunaninsu da manyancen ka,'' a cewar Judy. Binciken lafiya Bayan kammala kwalaje, Ms Heumann ta fuskanci tantancewa da gwaje-gwajen lafiya kafin a bata lasisin koyarwa a 1970. Judy says some people's behaviour made her feel different when she was young ''(Likitar) na da matsalar nakasa. Ta mun tambayoyi kamar, za ki iya nuna mun yadda kike zuwa bundaki?'' Da fari an ki amincewa da lasisinta. Da taimakon abokanta masu nakasa, ta yanke shawarar yaki domin cimma burinsu. Mujallar New York Times sun wallafa labarinta nan take kuma ta samu goyon-baya. ''Na samu kira daga lauyoyin kare haƙƙi kuma na tambaye shi ko zai wakilce ni, sai ya ce Eh!. Washe gari wani kwastama a shagon mahaifina yazo ya ce zai wakilce ni. Na samu tawagar lauyoyi da suka taimaka mun kyauta.'' Wannan shi ne karon farko na gwagwarmayar ta - kuma ta yi nasara. A shekara 22, Heumannn ta kasance mutum na farko a keken guragu da ke koyarwa a makarantun birnin New York. Tsare ta a jirgi A 1975, Judy ta sayen tiketin jirgi a Washington DC sai aka ce ba zaa amince tayi tafiya babu abokin rakiya ba. Judy's husband Jorge always admired her courage ''Wata ma'aikaciya ta zo tace ma ta matukin jirgin ba zai amince a dauke ta babu abokin rakiya ba.'' Ta fada wa ma'aikatan jirgin cewa ita dai ta san babu wannan doka. Rigimar ta kai har gaban 'yan sanda. An tilsta mata fita daga jirgin da cafke ta. Bayan nuna mata takardun cewa tana aiki da wani Sanata a New Jersey, 'yan sanda sun sake ta ba tare da tuhuma ba. Gangamin da ya kawo sauyi a tarihi Daya daga cikin gwagwarmayar ta na nuna wariya bai kammalu ba. Many disabled people took pride in her protest Ya faru kusan shekaru da dama bayan kundin tsarin ƴancin na 1964, wanda ya kawo karshen wariyar da ake nuna wa Bakaken-fata a Amurka da haramta wariyar da ake nunawa wajen daukan aiki kan dalilai na kalar fata ko asali ko addini ko jinsi. Gangami ya bukaci a kawo sauyi. Bayan 'yan wasu shekaru, Judy ta kafa wata kungiya mai suna 'Disabled in Action'. Tana fafutika ne kan aiawatar da sashi na 504 na dokar da aka cimma a 1973 - wanda ya haramta nuna wariya kan masu nakasa a kowanne fani na rayuwa. Kumgiyar ta bukaci a sanya hannu kan kudirin dokar da aka jinkirta kusan shekara 4. A ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu 1977, Judy tare da daruruwan masu zanga-zanga sun taru a wajen ginin ma'aikatar lafiya da Ilimi da walwala a San Francisco. Wannan shi ne farkon aikinta da ba za a taba mantawa a tarihi ba. Masu fafutika 150 sun sadaukar su zauna a cikin ginin. Yayinda kwanaki ke sake ja, mahukunta sun katse layukan tarho domin hana duk wata sadarwa a ciki da waje, babu batun wurin waka ko gadon bacci. After the Civil Rights Act of 1964, different groups staged marches to change legislation Judy ta kwanta a kasan siminti sannan kawarta ta taimaka mata wajen safa da marwa. Duk sun dogara ne kan junansu ''kurame da marasa gani da masu lalurar nakasa duk suna tare'', a cewar Ms Heumann An gudanar da taro na musamma a ginin da suke gangamin, inda Judy ta gabatar da jawabi mai sosa rai. Tawagar ta tura wakilai birnin Washington DC, yayin da ayyukansu ya cigaba. Judy da takwarorinta masu gangami na zaune a wani kanti a Washington wata rana, suna shirya me za suyi gaba, sai ga wani dan jarida ya shigo ya ce musu gwamnati ta sanya hannu a kudirin dokar. Ranar ta kasance 28 ga watan Afrilu, ranar ta 24 na gangaminsu. Washe gari masu zanga-zangar suka fi ce daga ginin. Wannnan bore ta kasance mafi lumanan da aka taba yi a ginin gwamnatin Amurka a tarihi. Judy served as adviser for two US presidents in recent years Majalisa ta bude hanya ga dokar nakasassun Amurka ta 1990, da ta haramta nuna wariya a kowanne bangare na rayuwa. Bayan Ms Heumann ta samu gayyatar gwamnatin Clinton domin aiki da shi a matsayin mai bada shawara ta fuskar ilimi tsakanin 1993 zuwa 2001. A 2010 ta zama mai bada shawara ta musamman kan hakkin nakasasu a gwamnatin Barack Obama. Nakasasu baƙaƙen-fata Fafutikar da take yi babu gajiyawa ya sauya rayuwar dubban mutane, don haka yanzu burinta shi ne taimakawa baƙar-fata. Judy (in the photo, with fellow activist Jon Wodatch) promoting her book 'Being Heumann: An Unrepentant Memoir of a Disability Rights Activist' ''Bakaken fata na da damar cin moriyar wannan doka ba wai farar fata ba kadai.'' Judy ta ce kallon da al'umma ke yiwa masu nakasa sai sanni a hankali za a ga sauyi. ''Mutane da dama ba su gane me muke dauka ko shiga ba idan an nuna mana wariya saboda basu da masaniya mai zurfi a kai.'' Yanzu haka dai tana goyon-bayan Joe Biden a zaben watan Nuwamba, sannan ta son dan takarar ya sake fasalta dokar nakasa da yanzu haka take ganin akwai gyara a ciki. Ta na kuma burin ganin wanda zai zama shugaban kasa na gaba ya bai wa guragu manyan gurbin siyasa. ''Akwai bukatar shugaban ya nuna jajircewa kan ayukan da suka shafi nakasassu, domin mu nuna wa duniya martabar mu da sauyin da zamu iya kawo wa a cikin al'umma'' Kuna iya sauraron cikakkiyar hirar anan here