Dalilin da ke jawo wa mata zubewar gashi
Shekaru da dama na gyaran gashi, da yawan kitso, da sanya gashi da kuma kone gashi sun bar wata wacce ke son ta zama mai talan kayan kawa 'yar kasar Afrika ta Kudu mai shekara 31 da sanko.
''A kullum idan na isa wurin da ake gyaran gashi na cire gashin da na saka a kai na, zan sa su kone gashi na da sinadirai kuma na saka wani sabon gashin a ranar - Na dade ban bar gashin kai na ya sha iska ba,'' a cewar Bandile (ba sunan ta na zahiri ba ne) Wata cuta ke damunta da ke kakkabe gashi wanda ake kira Traction Alopecia, kuma tana makarantar sakandare ne lokacin da ta fara gano cewar gashin ta na kakkabewa. Amma mazauniyar Johannesburg din ba ita kadai ke fuskantar wannan lamarin ba - yana shafar daya daga cikin kashi uku na matan Afirka a cewar wani bincike da aka wallafa a mujallar aikin likitanci Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatalogy. Ana ba matan Afirka shawarar sauya yadda suke kulla da gashinsu domin kaucewa kakkabewar gashi Wani binciken da cibiyar Boston University's Slone Epidemiology Center ta yi shekara uku da suka gabata ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 48 cikin 100 na mata 6,000 'yan Afrika suna fuskantar kakkabewar gashi a tsakiyar kansu ko kuma a gefen kansu - cutar ta Traction Alopecia ce ke yawan janyo hakan. Don ma dai masu fama da lamarin basu ciki bayyanawa ba, da adadin wadanda ke fuskantar matsalar ya karu. ''Idan aka ce mu cire gashin da muke sakawa a kan mu, toh takwas a cikin mata 10 za su samu matsala. Wani abu ne kawai da ba mu magana a kai, kuma ba za mu yi ba don muna jin kunya sosai,'' a cewar Bandile. "The doctor told me I'd pulled my hair from the root when I used glue to weave it. That glue wasn't removed and it damaged the follicle root of my hair." ''Likitan ya gaya min cewa na ja gashi na daga tushensa tun da na taba manne wani gashin da ba nawa ba a kaina. Abin da na yi amfani na manne gashin, ya ba ta tushen gashina'' 'Kuskure game da gashin halitta' Bandile ta daura alhakin matsalar kan tunanin da mutane ke da shi na cewa saka gashin da ba naka ba a kan ka domin kitso yana kara tsawon gashin halittar mutum. ''Kuskuren da muka tashi da shi, shi ne cewa saka gashin da ba naka ba, ta fi zama hanya mai sauki wajen kula da gashin da aka halacci mutum da shi.'' Wasu hasashen kuma sun ce matan Afirka suna kashe a kalla dalla biliyan shida, wato fam biliyan hudu kan kitso da gashi a kowace shekara. ''Kowace mace ta fi daukar kanta da daraja idan ta saka gashin da ba nata ba ne ba. Rabinmu muna tunanin cewa idan kana da dogon gashi, toh ka fi kyau da kuma karbuwa a idon jama'a,'' inji ta. ''Kowace mace mai bakar fatar da na sani tana son a ce tana da dogon gashi. Suna yin kitso kanana a kansu, wanda ke jan gashin,'' Wanan labarin Susan Magai ta san shi sosai. Tana da shagon gyaran gashi wanda ke babban birnin Tanzania, Dar es Salaam. ''Yawancin mata sun saba amfani da mai wanda bashi da kyau domin saka gashi, ko kuma suna barin gashin ya wuce lokacin da ya kamata ya wuce a kan su,'' a cewar ta. ''Muna yawan ba masu zuwa shagonmu cewa kada su wuce mako biyu da gashi a kansu, amma wasu sai su bar gashin ya kai wata uku, abin da ke janyo musu kakkabewar gashi.'' A shagon Ms Magai ana gudanar da wani tsari wanda a cewar ta yana taimakawa kan wajen barin gashi ya fito da kyau. ''Tsarin kamar dafa gashi ne. Muna amfani da man kwakwa wanda muke shafa wa a kan mutum. Sai mu rufe gashin mu dafa shi tare da amfanin wata na'ura,'' ta ce, ta kuma kara da cewa wata rana sai an yi wata da watanni kafin tsarin ya fara aiki. A cewar hukumar Institute of Trichologists da ke Birtaniya, wannan tsarin zai iya yin tasiri kan gashin 'yan Afirka saboda yana kara mai a kan wanda ke hana karyewar gashi. Amma, hukumar tana gargadin cewa yin hakan kawai ba shi zai kara wa mutum gashi ba bayan ya yi fama da kakkabewar gashi. Fuskantar rashin gashi bayan haihuwa Bandile ta gwada wani magani --- wajen magance matsalar da take fuskanta kuma bayan ba ta yi nasara ba sai ta yi amfani da Minoxidil - wani maganin hawan jini wanda ke janyo fitowar gashi. ''Gashin ya fara fitowa, amma yana cin kudi sosai sai na bar shi,'' in ji wata mai tallan kayan kawa wacce ke kokarin ganin likita a cikin watan Yuni mai zuwa domin yi mata aiki. Kasuwancin gashi a Afirka kasuwanci ne da yake kawo miliyoyin daloli Jumoke Koso-Thomas, wata likita mai zaune a Birtaniya wacce ke rubutu a wani shafin intanet na kiwon lafiyar mata bakaken fata, ta ce yawan gyare-gyaren gashi shi ke janyo cutar Alopecia, wasu kuma daga kwayoyin halittarsu ne. Alal misali, kakkabewar gashi zai iya zama wata alama ta wasu cututtuka ciki har ciwon mashako da ciwon koda, in ji ta. ''Haihuwa, da shan maganin tsayar da haihuwa da kuma damuwa duk suna iya janyo kakkabewar gashi tsakanin mata,'' a cewar Dr Kosso, ta kuma kara da cewa kakkabewar gashi zai iya tafiya daga baya. Boitumeo Monyaki, mai shekara 39, wata dalibar da ke nazari fannin kudi daga birnin Johannesburg ta rasa gashin ta gaba daya shekara takwas da suka wuce - abin da take tunanin cewa haihuwarta ta farko ne ya janyo hakan. Boitumelo Monyaki ta ce gashinta ya fara fitowa amma ba sosai ba ''Na gano cewa mata da dama a cikin 'yan uwana sun rasa gashinsu bayan sun haihu,'' in ji ta. "Yana faruwa tun lokacin kakanni na.'' Ms Monyaki ta ce rasa gashinta ya shafi kwarin gwiwarta amma yanzu ta ko yi zama da tunanin cewa har abada wata kila gashinta ba zai cika kamar da ba. Tana son ta samo wa matan Afirka da ke fama da wanan matsalar taimako: ''Har da masu shagon gyaran gashi ba su san maganin wannan matsalar ba.'' 'Kasancewarmu 'yan Afirka' Dr Koso-Thomas advises that a healthy balanced diet containing vitamin C, vitamin B and selenium, found in fresh fruit and vegetables, helps to nourish the hair root and can help combat traction alopecia - and avoiding stress can prevent hair loss too. Dr Koso-Thomas ta bayar da shawarar cewa cin abincin da ke da sinadarin Vitamin C da Vitamin B da kuma wasu sinadarai wanda ake samu a 'ya'yan ita ce da kuma kayan lambu zai iya magance ciwon Traction Alopecia - kuma rabuwa da damuwa ma zai iya hana kakabewar gashi. Cin abinci mai Vitamins zai iya taimakawa fitowar gashi mai lafiya Tana tunanin cewa mata da matasa ya kamata su sauya yanayin yadda suke gyaran gashinsu. ''Ya kamata mu dinga gaya musu: 'Ku yi kokarin kaucewa yin abubuwa da dama a kan gashinku. Kada ku saka sinadirai da yawa kuma kada ku dinga kisto a kullum. Ku dinga barin gashin yana dan hutawa kuma ku dinga sauya irin kitson da kukeyi a lokuta daban daban.'' Bandile ta ce wannan shawara ce da zai iya samun karbuwa ganin yadda mata da dama yanzu suke kokarin gyara gashin da aka halicce su da shi. ''Suna son gashin halittar su kuma sun fara rungumar asalinsu,'' in ji ta, a inda ta bayyana cewa ta gaji da boyewa kullum a karkashin gashin da ba nata ba. ''Yanzu kawai ina son in je wurin aiki da gashin da aka halicce ni da shi.''