Masu iƙirarin jihadin da suka addabi ƙasar Mozambique
Har yanzu dakarun ƙasar Mozambique sun gaza ƙwato Pemba, garin da ke da tashar jirgin ruwa wanda masu iƙirarin jihadi suka karɓe. Garin na da muhimmanci sosai sakamakon ci gaba da haɓaka iskar gas a nahiyar Afrika - inda aka shafe shekaru uku ana rikici da masu iƙirarin jihadi - kamar yadda wani mai sharhi a Mozambique Joseph Hanlon ya bayyana.
A halin yanzu shugaban Mozambique Filipe Nyusi, yana fuskanta abin da ake nufi da "rashin albarkar albarkatun ƙasa". Masu iƙirarin jihadin na ta ɗaukar ƙananan yara inda suke horas da su domin su shiga cikinsu, kuma hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon talaucin da ake fama da shi a arewacin Mozambique, kamar yadda shugaban kasar ya bayyana a wani jawabi da ya yi a garin na Pemba, babban birnin lardin Delgado. Ya kuma bayyana cewa duk da larduna uku na arewacin ƙasar - Cabo Delgado da Niassa da Nampula, suna da arziƙi mai yawa da kuma ƙasar noma mai inganci, lardunan ne suka fi yawan talauci a ƙasar. Kusan shekara 15, adadin kuɗin da Mozambique ke samu a ƙasar a duk shekara ya ƙaru ne da kashi 6 cikin 100, hakan za a iya cewa saboda ribar da ake samu ne daga ɓangaren albarkatun ƙasa kamar kwal da titanium da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar ruwa da kuma sauran albarkatun ƙasa. Sai dai mutane da dama ba su amfana da wannan ribar da aka samu ba, sai dai talauci da ya ƙaru. Gano wasu albarkatun ƙasa da iskar gas mai ɗumbin yawa a Cabo Delgado a 2009 da 2010, ya sa mutane da dama suka saka rai ga samun ayyuka musamman waɗanda ke a karkara, sai dai duka waɗannan burin nasu ya bi iska. Ana zargin cewa 'yan Jam'iyyar Frelimo ne suka cinye albarkatun ƙasar, wadda ita ce jam'iyyar da ke mulkin ƙasar tun 1975. Mafarin masu iƙirarin jihadi An fara rikicin ne a 5 ga watan Oktoba bayan wasu gungun 'yan tayar da ƙayar baya sun ƙwace garin Mocimboa da Praia na kwanaki biyu. Garin na da nisan kilomita 60 daga kudancin babban wurin samar da iskar gas na Palma, kuma garin mai tashar jirgin ruwan na da amfani wurin jigilar gas. An bayyana cewa mazauna yankin ne suka tayar da ƙayar baya a yankin. Tun bayan nan ne dai yaƙin ya ƙaru matuƙa; inda akalla aka kashe mutum 1,500, sama da mutum 250,000 kuma suka rasa muhallansu. Gwamnatin ƙasar ta rasa gundumomi har uku da ke gaɓar teku. 'Yan tayar da ƙayar bayan sun ƙwace Mocimboa da Praia har sau biyu, kuma bayan da suka ƙwace wurin a 12 ga watan Agusta, sai suka tsaya a wurin duk da musayar wuta mai ƙarfi da jami'an gwamnati ke yi da su sun kasa fatattakar su. Sama da shekaru 30, lardin Cabo Delgado ya karɓi baƙuncin manyan Malaman Musulunci da na Kirista inda suka kai ta kwarara yankin domin sauya addinnin mazauna lardin. Musulmai sun fi yawa a Cabo Delgado, kuma sabbin masu wa'azi a lardin waɗanda asalin 'yan Gabashin Afrika ne da Mozambique, an horar da su ne a ƙasashen waje, inda suka kafa masallatai kuma suke zargin limamai 'yan asalin lardin da haɗa kai da 'yan Jam'iyyar Frelimo domin wawusar dukiyar ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin sabbin masallatan da aka kafa na samar da kuɗaɗe domin tallafa wa mazauna lardin fara sana'o'i da kuma samar da ayyukan yi - haka kuma sun bayyana cewa al'ummar za ta fi nagarta ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shari'ar Musulunci. Kamar yadda Shugaba Nyusi ya bayyana, wannan ya jawo hankali. Sake rikicin ƙin jinin mulkin mallaka An samu arangama mai mai muni a 2015 bayan da ƴan sanda da malaman addini ƴan asalin yankin suka yi ƙoƙarin toshe masu wa'azin, sai suka koma horas da 'yan tayar da ƙayar bayan, waɗanda suka ƙaddamar da harinsu na farko a Mocimboa da Praia. Tun a farko dai, masu tayar da ƙayar bayan sun samu horaswa daga tsaffin 'yan sandan Mozambique da kuma sojoji. Gwamnatin ƙasar ta ɗauko hayar sojoji daga ƙasashe, a ɗayan ɓangaren kuma masu ikrarin jihadin na samun horo na musamman daga sojoji da kuma malaman addini da ke Gabashin Afrika - daga kuma masu iƙirarin jihadi da ke ƙasashen ƙetare, kuma sun haɗa ƙawance da ƙungiyar IS. Jam'iyyar Frelimo ta fara yaƙin neman 'yancin kai ne a ranar 25 ga watan Satumbar 1964 a Chai, kusan kilomita 60 kenan daga gabashin Mocimboa da Praia. Frelimo ta ɗauki mayaƙa matasa a lokacin - Turawan mulkin mallaka na Portugal sun ta kwashe dukiyar ƙasar kafin su ba su 'yanci. Shugabanni biyu wadanda suka yi yaƙin samun 'yancin kai wato Alberto Chpande da Raimundo Pachinuapa, a yanzu shekararsu 81, kuma su ne mutane waɗanda suka fi kowa ƙarfin faɗa a ji a Cabo Delgado. Suna kuma daga cikin mambobin hukumar gudanarwa ta Jam'iyyar Frelimo, hukumar ce kan gaba wurin zartar d hukunci. Amma a halin yanzu, suna fuskantar rikicin masu tayar da ƙayar baya wanda a yanzu ake nuna su da yatsa kamar yadda suka rinƙa nuna Turawan mulkin mallaka shekara 55 da suka gabata. Yaƙin ya samo asali ne kusan shekara 10 da suka wuce. Karin labarai da za ku so ku karanta: