Yadda tunkiya ta rikita masana kimiyya
Lokacin da wani manomi a yankin Otago na kasar New Zealand ya ga wata irin dabba a garkensa, sai ya dauka ko bunsurun ne ya yi wa akuyarsa Barbara.
An fara wallafa labarin ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2017 Dan bunsurun da aka haifa gashinsa a mike yake, mai laushi kamar ulun da ya yi kama da ganshin akuyar Turkawan Ankara da ake yi wa lakabi da Angora, wadda kamanninta suka kusa da na tunkiya. Labarin akuya mai kama da tunkiya ya bazu a jaridun kasar, har da masanan kimiyya suka ga hoto, sai suka fara hasashen cewa wata dabba ce ta daban. Tsawon shekaru suna ta binciken yadda ulun gashinta ya jirkice, tana da gashin ulu maimakon kwantacce da ke lullube jiki. "Za ka iya ganin 'ya'yan awakin da aka Haifa shekinsu ya bambanta," a cewar Jeff Plowman, mai binciken fatar dabbobi a cibiyar binciken kimiyyar aikin gona na New Zealand. "Ba ta da siffar dukum, tana kyalli da haske." Sai dai rudanin siffarta ta tunkiya ya gushe saboda matsalolin kwayoyin halitta da ke tattare da fatarsu da hakora da huhu. Sakamakon bincike ya gano lafiyayya ce mai wuyar sha'ani. Wannan akuya-akuya-tunkiya-tunkiya ta kasa rayuwa a lokacin hunturu, gwajin kwayoyin halittarta kafin ta mutu ya tabbatar da cewa ita tunkiya ce 100 bisa 100, al'amarin da ya haifar wa masanan kimiyya jajircewa wajen gano sauran masu kamanninta. "Mun fara yekuwa a kewayenmu," in ji Plowman. Nan da nan manoma a daukacin New Zealand suka yi wa masu bincike waya, inda suke kai rahoton dabba ta-daban, saboda zakuwar son su rabu da rikirkitattar halittar. Ko ma sa'adda irin wadannan halittu suka girma sun yi fama da matsalar sanyi da raba da fatar sarkakiyar tabarma, wadanda suka kekkece daga jikin dabbobin. Sai kawai Plowman da abokan aikinsa suka samu irin tunkiyar da suka dade suna nema; mai rikirkitattun kwayoyin halitta wadda ta rayu a tsananin sanyi. Sharon ta bayar da haske kan barbarar samun sabuwar dabba mai ulun gashin fata. Maxine lakabin dabbar da ta shahara na iya zama abincin kare idan masana kimiyya ba su ce-ce ta ba. "Manomin ya ce, 'mun samu tunkiyarku tana kejin kare saboda gashin ulunta ba shi da amfani," in ji Plowman. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka hada barbarar Maxine da ragon Spain (merino), sai rikirkitattun kwayoyin halittarta suka bayyana karara. Ta haifi tunkiya Sharon; mai karfi da koshin lafiya mai silikin fatar ulu, wadda masu bincike ke ganin za ta warware musu rudanin da ke tattare da yamutsin gashinta, har zuwa yadda za su gano gashin mutum a wurin da aka aikata laifi da zayyana mai sheki da ulu mai taushi, har zuwa sirrrin lullube gashin jiki da managartan kayan shafe-shafe. Tsawon gashi. Tare da cewa samar da madara da tsawon gashi al'amarin da mutane ke yi kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, wadanda suka hada da 'yan uwa na nesa, da suka hada da masu nasa kwai da shayarwa da dabbobin ruwan da ke nasa kwai da shayarwa, a cewar jagoran nazarin gashin fata na AgResearch, Duane Harlands. Gashin dabbobi masu shayarwa iri-iri ne. Ulun fatar tunkiya ya yi kama da namu, kuma ya dara jaba, a cewar Harlands. Wannan ne dalilin muhimmancin binciken tunkiya don nazarin gashin mutum (ta yadda masana kimiyya za su zabi nau'in tunkiya za su yi wa barbarar hayayyafa, inda aikata hakan ga mutane na zai tayar da hankali). Alamun da ke tattare da gashi da suka hada da tsayinsa ko kwanciyarsa ko dalilin da ya sa na wasu yake mitsi-mitsi lamari ne da ke da rikitarwa, a cewar Harland. "Daukacin silin gashin halittu, misali siliki ko auduga ko wani abu daban, gashi na daya daga abubuwa mafi cukurkudewa," inji shi. "Yana da matukar wuyar sha'ani ta yadda muka gaza fahimtar tsarinsa kimar ma'aunin nanometer, tare da mabambantan sinadaran protein da ke da tasiri kan tsarinsa. "Misali, mene ne dalilin qanqancewar gashin wasu mutane lokacin raba? Lamarin na da muihimmanci ga kamfanonin sarrafa kayan kwalliyar jiki, tunda ba mu fahimci hakikanin abin da ke haifar wa mutane hakan ba. Wannan tunkiya ta bayar da haske kan haka," inji Harlland. A bidiyon sama na AgResearch, inmda Jeff Plowman ya nuna bambancin ulun gashin Sharon da na wata tunkiya. Muhimmin tsarin da gashi ke bi shi ne xaurin silin masu kyau akwance suke, wadanda suke a mike suna da kauri a hargitse. Ulun gashin tunkiya, musamman mai kyau nau'in na Spain ya fi kwanciya fiye da gyrarren gashin mutum, shi ya sa kayan da aka yi da gashin fatan dabba ke da dadin sakawa, sabanin guntuwar rigar da aka yi da gashin mutum da za ta tsireka. Sai dai dabobi masu jirkitattun kwayoyin halitta irin Sharon sun sha bamban, inda suke da gashi mai kyau kwantacce da miqaqqe. Wannan shi ya bai wa masu bincike dama ta daban su yi nazarin alamomin biyu daban-daban, ta yiwu ma su gano kwayoyin halittar da suka fi tasirin samar da mikakken gashi da sauran al'amuran da ke tattare da siffarsu. Irin Sharon na n uni da cewa mikakken gashin fatarta ta yiwu qwayoyin halittarsa sun jirkice, a cewar Harlands, amma mikakken gashin mutum na bin tsarin da aka sani shi ya sa yake yamutsatse fiye da na 'yan uwansa kwantance. Mikakken gashin mutum na iya kauce wa kamuwa da cuta wadanda tunkiya irin Sharon kan yi fama da ita, lamarin da ke bayyana dalilin watsewarsi. Kuma akwai mutanen da ke gadon kwayoyin halittar cuituttuka, wadanda ke kama mutanen da ke da jirkitattun kwayoyin halittar mikakken gashin ulu irin na tunkiya, a cewar Harland. Warware matsalar kwayoyin halittar Sharon wata rana za a samu dabarun magance cututtukan mutane. "Akwai cututtukan mutane wadanda suka yi kama da na tunkiyarmu mai jirkitacciyar kwayar halitta, cewar Harland. "Za ka samu mutane masu cututtukan fata ko matsaloli tatttare da hakoransu da gashinsu, kuma a kan samu cewa kwayar halittar 'keratin' na nakasa sai daukacin zuri'a su kasance marasa gashi, a wani lokacinma har da rashin kumba." Kuma a Amurka, wasu masu bincike na amfani da kwayoyin halittar mutum don samar da gashi. Wannan zai taimaka wa masu bincike a wajen da aka aikata laifi su gano yanayin gashi wani mutum bisa nazarin kwayoyin halitta. Cikin gaugawa masu bincike a New Zealand na son taimaka wa manoma kamar na Otago, wanda ya fara gano "akuya-kuya-tunkiya-tunkiya." Manoman da ke kiwon awaki na kokarin samun kudi daga fata mara nagarta, amma idan manoman da ke kiwon awaki suka karkata zuwa ga shanun da ke samar da madara yawan hada-hadar kiwo za ta cutar da muhalli. Duk da cewa jirkitar Sharon ba bakon abu ba ne tashin farko, bambancin karara yake in an kwatanta da wata tunkiyar rinta. Plowman da Harland na son manoman da ke kiwon awaki su samu gwaggwabar riba daga dabbobi kadan masu nagarta. Wannan na nuni da cewa yin barbarar Sharon zai samar da kwararan nau'ukan tunkiya mabambanta. Wata rana Plowman zai yi hanqoron ganin 'yan kwalisar tallata kayan ado za su yi takun yangar jan hangali a dandamalin Paris, sanye da tufafin alfarma masu tsada wadanda aka samar bisa nazarin Sharon. "Idan za ka iya samar da managarciyar fata mai kyallin gashi daga jikin tunkiya, wadda ba ta da rauni kamar lalacewar kofato…" a hasashen Plowman. Yanzu Sharon na rayuwa ne a "wani wuri kamar na shakatawa' kusa da birnin Christchurch, a Arewacin Otago a tsibirin Kudancin New Zealand. A daminarta ta farko, masu bincike sun yi matar rigar sanyi da dakin da aka gina mata da abincin dabbobi don kariyar iska, wanda ta cinye. Masu kula da ita sun rika yi wa dabbar 'yar shekara uku aski akai-akai don gudun ka da ulun gashinta na daban ya valvalce. Sun rika sa'ido a duk matakin da ta shiga damuwa. Yayin da tauraruwar bincikensu ke cin abinci a wajen kiwo, Plowman da Harland da wasunsu a AgResearch sun yi zayyanar fasalin 3D na tsarin ulun gashinta ta hanyar amfani da katafaren managarcin madubin likita. Ba da daxewa ba suke shirin jeranta kwayoyin halittarta. Muhimmin lamari dai Sharon za ta nusar da su yadda za su yi barbarar samar da managarciyar tunkiya mai ulun gashin da ke da karfi da taushi da sheki, baya ga fahimtar da mu yadda aka yi gashinmu ke da santsi ko kwantacce xaurin mitsi-mitsi.