Jerry Rawlings: Waiwaye kan rayuwar tsohon shugaban ƙasar Ghana
Sau biyu Jerry Rawlings yana ƙwace mulki a Ghana amma kuma ya mayar da ƙasar kan turbar dimokraɗiyya.
Jerry Rawlings ɗa ne ga manomin Scotland da mahaifiyarsa ƴar Ghana Bayan ƙoƙarin yin juyin mulki na farko, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa amma sai ya tsira sannan ya kifar da gwamnatin mulkin soja ta ƙasar. Shekara biyu bayan nan, Rawlings ya kifar da gwamnatin wani zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa sannan ya samu nasarar tsayawa zaɓe da kansa. Da farko dai babban mai ra'ayin gurguzun, ya gabatar da sauye-sauyen a harkokin kasuwanci ya kuma mayar da ƙasarsa wata babbar mai taka rawa a ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. An haifi Jerry John Rawlings a Accra ranar 22 ga Yunin 1947, mahaifinsa Bature ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland mahaifiyarsa kuma ƴar Ghana ce. Ya yi makarantar sakandare ta Achimota inda ya yi fice a harkar wasan ƙwallon Polo, sannan ɗalibai ƴan uwansa na bayyana shi a matsayin mai bayyana ra'ayinsa kuma ɗan tawaye. A shekarar 1968 ya shiga makarantar sojoji ta Teshie a kusa da Accra, daga baya aka tura shi wata makarantar horaswa ta tuƙin jirgin sama. Ya fara da muƙamin second lieutenant, inda ya samu damar tuƙa jirage kuma ya shiga runduna ta huɗu ta jiragen yaki da ke Accra. Gerry Rawlings yana jawabi ga majalisar soji a kusa da Accra A lokacin da Rawlings ya samu muƙamin zuwa Laftanar na sojin sama a 1978, har ya riga fara harkar siyasa. Ghana, ƙasa ta farko da ta fara samun ƴancin kai daga Turawan Birtaniya, ta yi fama da matsalar ƙarancin abinci da taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki. Rawlings ya nuna fushinsa ga abin da yake gani rashin ɗa'a da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin kyakkyawan tsarin mulkin soja. Bayan ɗage haramci ga jam'iyyun siyasa a 1979, Rawling ya samu farin jinin jama'a a matsayin babban mai sukar gwamnati, inda yake kira a ƙara taimaka wa talakawa. Saboda goyon bayan da ya samu, Rawlings ya ƙaddamar da juyin mulki a watan Mayun 1979 wanda bai yi nasara ba kuma aka kama shi aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. An kashe alƙalai Ya tsere daga gidan yari, tare da taimakon ƙananan jami'an kula da gidan yari kuma ya hamɓarar da gwamnatin soja ta Janar Fred Akuffo. Rawlings ya ɗare kan karagar mulki a matsayin shugaban majalisar dakarun juyin juya hali (AFRC), wanda hakan ya haifar da wani kanun labari da ba za a manta ba a jaridar Birtaniya mai taken: "Ɗan wasan polo wanda rabinsa ɗan Scotaland ne ya karɓe Ghana." AFRC ta sha alwashin hukuncin tuhumar tsoffin shugabannin Ghana, kuma an kashe Akuffo da sauran shugabannin soji. Ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa guda biyu Rawlings ya ƙaddamar da abin da ya kira "tsabtace gida" don wanke Ghana daga abin da gwamnatinsa ta AFRC ke ganin ayyukan rashawa da shugabannin mulkin soja suka aikata. Alƙalai da jami'an soji da dama ne aka kashe a lokacin. Amma, ba ɗaɗe da ɗarewarsa, Rawlings ya yi tunanin gudanar da zaɓe cikin wata huɗu da yin juyin mulkinsa. Sabuwar jam'iyyar da aka kafa ta People's National Party, da Hilla Limann ke jagoranta da ɗare kan mulki. Tsuke bakin aljihu Sai dai mutane da yawa na ganin Limann a matsayin wani abin kunya ga Rawlings saboda gazawarsa ta farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin Ghana, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen mulkinsa. Ga yawan basuka da ake bin ƙasar da hauhawar farashi da ya yi sama da kashi 140, fushin mutane ya kai ga haifar da rikici. Kuma a ranar 31 ga Disamban 1981, Rawlings ya shiga tsakani inda ya ƙaddamar da juyin mulki karo na biyu ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati ta soji da ake kira PNDC. Gwamnatin PNDC da Rawlings ke jagoranta, burinta shi ne mayar da Ghana ƙasar gurguzu. Sarauniyar Ingila Elizabeth da Jerry Rawlings lokacin da ta kawo ziyara a Ghana a 1999 Ta ƙirkiro da majalisar ma'aikata domin sa ido ga masana'antun ƙasar, inda aka kafa kwamitoci na ma'aikata cikin kowace al'umma kuma Rawlings ya koma ga Tsohuwar Daular Soviet don neman tallafi. Amma bayan shekaru biyu kawai da ƙaddamar da tsarin na kwaminisanci, Ghana ta yi watsi da shi. Ƙila ta lura Daular Soviet na dab da rushewa, Rawlings ya ɗauke mataki na rungumar tsari na daban. Ya rage darajar kuɗin ƙasar, ya dakatar da ɗaukar ma'aikata na kamfanonin ƙasar da kuma sayar da wasu masana'antun Ghana da suka haɗa har muhimman abubuwan da Ghana ke dogaro da su na noman koko. Nasarar lashe zaɓe Amma da yake sauyinsa ya faranta wa ƙasashen yamma da hukumar lamuni ta duniya, matakan tsuke bakin aljihu da ya ɗauka suka haifar da bore a cikin gida. Tsakanin 1983 zuwa 1987, an yi masa yunkurin juyin mulki Rawlings biyar. Ya kama ƴan adawa tare da ɗaure su wanda kuma ya fusata ƴan rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam a duniya. Yanayin ya ƙara muni lokacin da aka koro miliyoyin ƴan Ghana daga Najeriya. Amma, a farkon 1990, sauye-sauyensa ya farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin ƙasar kuma a 1992 Rawlings ya sake lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa. Jerry Rawlings da tsohon shugaban Libya marigayi Muammar Gaddafi a 1987 Nasarar da ya samu da kashi 58 na ƙuri'u, ta samu karɓuwa daga ƙungiyar ƙasashen renon Ingila da ƙungiyar haɗin ƙan Afirka ta OAU. Kuma saboda daidaitar tattalin arzikin Ghana aka sake zaɓensa a 1996. Ya farfaɗo da ƙimar Ghana ga idon ƙasashen duniya ta hanyar taimaka Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da dakaru domin aikin wanzar da zaman lafiya a Liberia da Saliyo da kuma Iraƙi. A 2001, wa'adin mulkinsa na biyu ya kawo ƙarshe, Rawlings ya ɗauki wani matakin da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba ga shugaban Afirka inda ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa. Duk da cewa ya yi kira a nuna adawa ga gwamnati a 2002, abin da ya sa har ƴan sanda suka yi masa tambayoyi, Rawlings bai sake yin komi ba don tabbatar da ganin ya koma kan mulki. A shekarun baya, Rawlings ya yi gwagwrmayar ganin ƙasashen Afrika sun biya dukkanin basukan da kasashen duniya ke bin su. Kuma a 2010 an bayyana shi a matsayin jekada na musamman na Tarayyar Afirka a Somalia. Jerry Rawlings bayansa na cike da ƙalubale inda ya haifar da saɓanin ra'ayi a gida da kuma ƙasashen duniya. Masu adawa da shi na zarginsa da azabtarwa da rashawa amma kuma ga magoya bayansa ya tabbatar da doka da oda da tabbatar da tsaro da ci gaba a Ghana.