Al-Qaeda: Ƙasar da ƙungiyar da ta kai harin 9/11 ke yi wa barazana har yanzu
A ranar tunawa da harin 9/11 bayan shekara 19 da aka kai Amurka, ƙungiyar da ta kai harin a lokacin ta al-Qaeda - ta kasance cikin ruɗu.
Harin da al-Qaeda ta kai Amurka shi ne mafi muni a tarihin ƙasar A watan Yuni wata ƙungiyar hamayya ta hana reshen al-Qaeda da ke Syria rawar gaban hantsi; a Yemen kuma ta sha wuya a hannun ƴan tawaye jim kaɗan bayan da wani harin da Amurka ta kai da jirgi mara matuƙi ya hallaka jagoranta; sannan an kashe shugabanta na yankin Arewacin Afrika a wani hari da aka kai Mali a watan Yuni, kuma har yanzu ba ta naɗa sabon shugaba ba. A hannu guda kuma an shafe watanni ba a ji ɗuriyar shugaban al-Qaeda Ayman al-Zawahiri ba, abin da ya jawo aka fara yaɗa jita-jitar cewa ya mutu ko kuma ba ya cikin hayyacinsa. Amma rassan al-Qaeda da ke Afrika a Somaliya da Mali sun ci gaba da kasancewa masu ƙarfi. Koma bayan da ta samu a baya-bayan nan A Syria dai al-Qaeda - wacce wani reshenta wato Hurras al-Din yake wakiltarta - ta gaza kai hare-hare. Hakan kuwa na faruwa ne saboda ayyukan wasu ƙungiyoyin da ke adawa da ita da su ma ke ikirarin jihadi, da kuma masu leƙen asiri na rundunar sojin haɗakar da Amurka ke jagoranta. Ƙungiyar ba shahararriya ba ce saboda ƴan Syria na kallon al-Qaeda a matsayin barazana, kuma wata mayen ƙarfe ce ga gwamnati da ayyukan ƙasashen waje. Hurras al-Din ba ta wani kataɓus fiye da wata biyu a yanzu, sakamakon rubdugu da wata ƙungiyar mai ikirarin jihadi ta yi mata, da kuma hare-haren saman da Amurka ke kai wa kan wasu manyan jami'anta. Reshen ƙungiyar da ke Yemen - wato al-Qaeda a Yankin Larabawa (AQAP) - a baya can yana daga cikin waɗanda ake tsoro a duk cikin rassan al-Qaeda, amma a wannan shekerar ya haɗu da gamonsa kuma a yanzu haka yana daga cikin rassan ƙungiyar da ba sa iya wani kataɓus. An kashe shugaban AQAP a wani harin jirgi marar matuƙi a farkon watan Janairu, kuma a kwanan nan ta rasa iko da yankin tsakiyar Bayda da ke ƙarkashin ikonta, bayan da ƴan tawayen Houthi suka fi ƙarfinta. Shugaban AQAP marigayi Qasim al-Raymi ya yi gargaɗi kan masu leƙen asiri a jerin dogwayen bidiyonsa da ya fitar Masu leƙen asiri sun taso ƙungiyar a gaba cikin shekaru, inda aka dinga fakon manyan shugabanninta ana kai musu hari. Sannan rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin ƴan ƙungiyar a cikin gida ya ƙara durƙusar da ita. Amma wani lamari a farkon shekarar nan ya nuna cewa AQAP tana ci gaba da taka rawar da ake tsoronta kan hakan a baya: inda mutane ke kai harin ɗaɗɗaya maimakon a ƙungiyance a ƙasashen yamma. A watan Fabrairu, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki alhakin mummunan harbin mai uwa da wabi da aka yi a watan Disambar bara a sansanin saojin sama na Pensacola da ke Florida, wanda wani sojan Saudiyya da ke samun horo Mohammed Alshamrani ya kai - kamar yadda Amurka ta sanar daga baya. Al-Qaeda a yankin ƙasashen Musulmai na Maghreb (AQIM), ɗaya daga cikin rassan ƙungiyar da ba su da tasiri sosai, ta rasa shugabanta na Aljeriya a wani hari da sojojin Faransa suka kai Mali a watan Yuni. Ƙungiyar Al-Qaeda reshen arewacin Afrika ta ci gaba da yin alaƙa da wata ƙungiyar mai irin aƙidarta a Mali Wata uku bayan nan, har yanzu ƙungiyar ba ta naɗa sabon shugaba ba. Ba a san dalilin da ya sa aka gaza yin hakan ba har yanzu. Aljeriya da arewacin Afrikaa sun kasance wani waje da kungiyar al-Qaeda ta ringa kutsawa, duba da irin tasirin da masu da'awar jihadi suka yi a shekarun 1990, musamman irin rawar da kungiyar nan mai tsattsaurin ra'ayi ta Islamic Group (GIA) ta yi, wacce ta kashe fararen hula 'yan Aljeriya da dama. Ƙungiyar Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) ta Mali, wacce tana ayyukanta har a Burkina Faso da Nijar, an kafa ta ne a watan Maris ɗin 2017. Baya ga al-Shabab - ƙungiyar JNIM mai alaƙa da al-Qaeda a Somaliya - ita ce ta biyu mafi ƙarfi a cikin rassan al-Qaeda. Hare-haren JNIM sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan dakarun ƙasar da na ƙasashen waje, yawanci a Faransa da yankin Sahel. Amma a watannin baya-bayan nan, ga alama yaƙe-yaƙen ƙungiyar IS ya ɗauke mata hankali. A watan Fabrairu, JNIM ta nuna shirinta na tattauna wa da gwamnatin Mali, amma a yanzu ba a san matakai na gaba da za ta ɗauka ba, tun bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a ƙasar a watan Agusta. Mayar da hankali kan Birnin Ƙudus Ba shakka a yanzu Al-Shabab ita ce babbar barazana ga al-Qaeda. Ƙungiyar tana riƙe da babban yanki da yin atisaye tamkar wata gwamnati a faɗin yankunan karkara a tsakiya da kudancin Somaliya. Al-Shabab ta daɗe tana ayyukan ta'addanci a Somaliya fiye da shekara 10 Daɗin daɗawa kuma, a kullum al-Shabab kan yi ikirarin kai hare-hare kan manyan wurare a Somaliya da kuma maƙwabciyarta Kenya. Cikin manyan hare-haren da ta kai a wannan shekarar har da na watan Janairu kan sansanin sojin Amurka da ke Kenya, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar sojojin Amurka uku tare da lalata jirage da dama. A watan Agustan da ya gabata kuma ta kai wani harin wani otel da manyan jami'an gwamnati suke yawan zuwa a Mogadishu, inda fiye da mutum 12 suka mutu. La'akari da tasirin manyan hare-haren da al-Shabab da JNIM ke kaiwa, a shekarar 2019 sai al-Qaeda ta ƙaddamar da wata farfaganda ta soji kan Birnin Ƙudus, wadda ta jaddada a 2020, da nufin ''ceto Falasɗinawa'', tare da sanya Amurka a matsayin babbar maƙiyiyarta. Saƙo ga Amurka Sau ɗaya aka ga shugaban Al-Qaeda Ayman al-Zawahiri ya bayyana a wannan shekarar, a wani bidiyo a watan Mayu. Wata guda kafin nan, magoya bayan ƙungiyar IS sun yaɗa jita-jitar cewa ko dai al-Zawahiri ya mutu ko kuma ya samu matsalar shanyewar ɓarin jiki ba zai iya komai ba. Suna kafa hujja kan gazawarsa da rashin bayyanarsa a bidiyo ko jin ta bakinsa a manyan al'amura. Karo na ƙarshe da shugaban Al-Qaeda Al-Zawahiri ya bayyana shi ne a watan Mayu cikin wani bidiyo inda yake bayani kan watsi da aƙidar cewa babu Allah Manyan mayaƙan al-Qaeda da ake ji da su da yawa sun mutu a yankin Afghanistan da Pakistan cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ko kuma hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa na Amurka sun kashe su a Syria. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Amurka da Taliban da aka cimma a watan Fabrairu, wacce ta bayyana cewa Taliban ba za ta bai wa kowace ƙungiya mafaka ba, wanda hakan zai yi wa al-Qaeda matuƙar wahala ta samun mafaka a can. Hakazalika, al-Qaeda ta yi ƙoƙarin amfani da annobar da duniya ke fuskanta da zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata da aka yi a Amurka don samun nasara a kamfe ɗinta na ƙin jinin Amurka. Ƙungiyar ta yi wa al'ummar Amurka bayanin cewa gwamnatinsu ta gaza wajen goyon bayansu a yayin annoba da kuma kasa magance wariyar launin fatar da ake nuna wa baƙake a ƙasar. Sai dai wannan saƙon na ƙungiyar da ita ta kai mummunan harin ta'addanci Amurka ba zai yi wani tasiri a zuƙatan al'ummar ƙasar ba, idan ma har saƙon ya isa gare su kenan.