Sani Abacha: Nin 20 sano raadinayay lacag uu xaday Madaxweynihii hore ee Nigeria
Markii uu madaxweynihii hore ee Nigeria, Sani Abacha xaday balaayiin doolar, uuna dhintay ka hor inta uusan isticmaalin lacagtaas, waxay arrintu ku biyo shubatay in laga howlgaliyo qareenno caalami ah, ugaarsigana wuxuu socday tobannaan sano. Ninkii loo soo kireystay inuu lacagtaas dib usoo celiyo ayaa wariyaha BBC-da ee lagu magacaabo Clare Spencer uga sheekeeyay sida ay shaqadaas u qaadatay noloshiisa oo dhan.
Sani Abacha wuxuu madaxweynaha Nigeria noqday kaddib markii uu afgambi milatari dhacay 1993-kii became Nigeria's head of state in a military coup in 1993 Bishii September ee sanadkii 1999-kii, garyaqaan Enrico Monfrini - oo u dhashay Switzerland - wuxuu qabtay telefoon laga soo wacay oo baddali doona noloshiisa 20-kii sano ee xigtay. "Wuxuu isoo wacay habeen saq dhexe ah, wuxuuna iga codsaday inaan hoteelkiisa ugu imaan karo, oo uu hayo arrin muhiim ah. Waxaan ku dhahay: 'Xoogaa waa xilli dambe laakiin HAYE.'" Qofka telefoonka kasoo wacayay wuxuu ahaa sarkaal sare oo ka tirsanaa dowladda Nigeria. 'Ma heli kartaa lacagta?' Mr Monfrini wuxuu sheegay in sarkaalka lasoo hadlay uu soo diray madaxweynihii xilligaas ee dalka Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, uuna ka dalbaday inuu u shaqaaleysiiyo sidii uu dib ugu soo celin lahaa lacagtii uu xaday Abacha, oo Nigeria xukumayay laga soo billaabo 1993-kii ilaa markii uu geeriyooday oo ahayd 1998-kii. Maadaama uu aha qareen, wuxuu macaamiil ku lahaa gudaha Nigeria tan iyo 1980-meeyadii, shirkado dhowr ah ayuuna lasoo shaqeeyay. Wuxuu tuhunsan yahay in macaamiishii uu shaqooyinka usoo qabtay ay amaaneen shaqadiisa sidaas darteedna lagu xushay. "Wuxuu i weydiiyay: 'Ma heli kartaa lacagtaas, oo waliba ma hor istaagi kartaa in la isticmaalo lacagta? Maka shaqeyn kartaa in lacagtaas dib loogu soo celiyo Nigeria?' "Waxaan idhi: 'Haa.' Laakiin xaqiiqdii wax badan kama aanan ogeyn shaqada xilligaas. Waxaana ku khasbanaa inaan si deg deg ah u fahmo, marka sidaas ayaan sameeyay." Enrico Monfrini wuxuu 20 sano u dagaallamayay sidii uu usoo celin lahaa lacagtii uu xaday Abacha Si uu shaqada u billaabo, booliska Nigeria ayaa ku wareejiyay xog ku saabsan dhowr akoon oo laga xiray bangiyo ku yaalla Switzerland, kuwaasoo u muuqday in ay ku jirtay qeyb ka mid ah lacagta ay xadeen Abacha iyo kooxdiisa, sida uu Mr Monfrini buug uu ka diyaariyay soo celinta hantida la dhacay. Wuxuu sheegay in baadhitaankii hordhaca ahaa ee ay sameeyeen booliska bishii November, 1998-kii lagu ogaaday in Abacha iyo xulafadiisa ay xadeen lacag ka badan $1.5 bilyan oo doolar, oo u dhiganta £1.1 bilyan oo gini. 'Doolar lagu raray gaari xamuul ah' Mid ka mid ah qaababka lacagta lagu xadayay wuxuu ahaa hannaan gaar ah oo la diyaariyay. Abacha ayaa qof la taliyeyaashiisa ka mid ah u sheegayay in uu usoo dirsado codsi uu uga dalbanayo lacag uu ku bixiyo sidii amnigiisa loo sugi lahaa. Kaddib codsigaas ayuu u saxiixayay, qofka la taliyaha ahna wuxuu lacagta oo caddaan ah ka qaadanayay bangiga dhexe ee dowladda. Markaas kaddibna qofka la taliyaha ah wuxuu inta badan lacagtaas geyn jiray guriga Abacha. Qaar ka mid ah lacagtaas xitaa waxaa lagu qaadayay iyadoo doolar ah, "waxaana lagu rarayay gaari xamuul ah", sida uu qoray Mr Monfrini. Habkaas wuxuu ahaa hal nooc oo Abacha iyo dadkii la shaqeynayay ay lacagta badan ku qaadanayeen. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ahaa qandaraasyada dowladda ee la siiyo dad saaxiib la ah madaxweynaha, iyadoo lacag ka badan tan qandaraaska la qaado inta kalena jeebka lagu shubto. Sidoo kale shirkadaha ajnabiga ah ayaa laga dalban jiray in ay laaluush aad u badan bixiyaan si ay waddanka gudihiisa uga howl galaan. Abacha wuxuu xaday in ka badan hal bilyan oo doolar, isagoo ka dhigaya kharash loogu baahan yahay "dhinaca amniga" Arrintan waxay socotay muddo qiyaastii saddex sano ah, ilaa markii dambe ay hal mar xaaladdu isbaddasho kaddib geeridii lama filaanka ahayd ee ku timid Abacha, isagoo 54 jir ah. Wuxuu geeriyooday 8-dii bishii June ee sanadkii 1998-kii. Ma cadda in uu wadnaha istaagay ama la sumeeyay, maadaama aan wax baadhitaan ah lagu sameynin meydkiia, sida uu dhakhtarkiisii gaarka ahaa u sheegay BBC-da. Abacha wuxuu dhintay isagoo aan wali isticmaalin balaayiintii lacagta ahayd, dhowr bangi oo kaliya ayaana laga raad raaci karay halka ay lacagtaas ku maqneyd. "Xogta muujineysa qaabka lacagaha loo xareeyay ayaan ka helay raadka bangiyo kale," ayuu yidhi Mr Monfrini. Isagoo macluumaadkaas wata ayuu arrinta la kaashaday xeer ilaalinta Switzerland. Markaas kaddibna howshiisii ayaa u hirgashay. Mr Monfrini wuxuu ku guuleystay dooddiisii ku saabsaneyd in qoyska Abacha iyo xulafadiisa ay sameyteen hayad dambiile ah. Tallaabadaas waxay u furtay waddo muhiim ah, sababtoo ah waxay suurogalisay in booliska ay la tacaalaan bangiyadii laga shakisanaa. Kumuu ahaa Sani Abacha? 'Akoonnada bangiyadu wax badan ayey sheegaan' "Akoon kasta waxaan ka ogaaneynay meesha saxda ah ee laga soo diray lacagta ama meesha ay ku socota. "Inaan arko sida ay lacagaha kusoo galeen ama ku baxeen waxay ii sahashay inaan helo xog dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan dalalka kale ee lacagta loo diray iyo kuwa laga soo diray. "Sidaas darteed wax walba si tartiib tartiib ah ayey isu furfurayeen. Waxay howshu ka billaabatay dhowr bangi, kaddibna tiro badan oo akoonno ah ayaan helay. "Akoonnada bangiyada iyo warqadaha la socda wax badan ayey sheegaan. "Waxaan caddeymo badan u helnay lacago kala duwan oo lagu kala diray Bahamas, Nassau, Cayman Islands - iyo meelo badan oo kale." Howsha dabagalka kooxda Abacha la shaqeyneysay aad bay ula dheeraatay Mr Monfrini. "Ma jiro qof garan kara sida ay howshaas u badneyd. Waxaan lacag siinayay dad aad u badan, xisaabiyeyaal badan, qareenno kale oo badan, dalal kala duwanna jooga." Mr Monfrini wuxuu aqbalay in uu qaato 4% ka mid ah lacagta uu u celiyo dowladda Nigeria. Qiimahaasna wuxuu ku tilmaamay "mid aad u yar". Shaki badan ayaa ku hareereysan geeridii kedista ahayd ee Abacha ku timid 1998 In lacagta la helo way adkeyd waxaase aad usii adkeyd in marka la helo kaddib lagu celiyo Nigeria. "Xulafada Abacha waxay u dagaallamayeen sida eeyaha. Waxay racfaan ka qaadanayeen tallaabo kasta oo aad qaadno. Arrintaas ayaa sababtay in waqti dheer lagu mashquulo howsha." Daahitaan kale waxaa sababay siyaasiyiinta dowladda Swiss oo ku doodayay in lacagtaas mar kale la xadi karo haddii lagu celiyo Nigeria. Lacagta qaarkeed waxaa Switzerland laga soo celiyay shan sano kaddib. Mr Monfrini wuxuu sanadkii 2008 qoray in lacag dhan $508m laga helay akoonnada badan ee ay qoyska Abacha ku lahaayeen Swiss, kaddibna loo diray Nigeria intii u dhaxeysay 2005 ilaa 2007. Markii lasoo gaaray 2018-kii, lacagta laga soo diray Switzerland ee Nigeria loo diray waxay ahayd $1 bilyan oo doolar.