ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
THE COMPANY
On March 23, 1979, in the case of Van Vranken, et al. v. Atlantic Richfield, two California service station dealers purporting to represent a class of all resellers of gasoline, aviation fuels, butane and propane sued the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Case No. C-79-0627-SW) for allegedly willfully violating the Department of Energy's ("DOE") 1973-1981 price regulations by unlawfully inflating its costs of crude oil eligible for recovery. On March 25, 1986, the District Court certified the plaintiffs as representatives of the class for purchases made between May 1, 1976 and January 28, 1981. On July 23, 1992, a jury found for the Company on the class' original claim, and for the class on three subsequent claims in the amount of $22.8 million, plus prejudgment interest. On October 22, 1992, the trial court ordered a formula for interest resulting in a total judgment of approximately $63 million. On September 30, 1993, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed, without opinion, the trial court's judgment. The Company has sought reconsideration.
On June 7, 1989, the City of New York, the New York City Housing Authority and the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation brought suit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for the County of New York (Case No. 14365/89) against six alleged former lead pigment manufacturers or their successors (including ARCO as successor to International Smelting and Refining Company ("IS&R"), a former subsidiary of The Anaconda Company), and the Lead Industries Association ("LIA"), a trade association. Plaintiffs seek to recover damages in excess of $50 million including (i) past and future costs of abating lead-based paint from housing owned by New York City and the New York City Housing Authority; (ii) other costs associated with dealing with the presence of lead-based paint in that housing and privately owned housing; and (iii) any amounts paid by the City or the Housing Authority to tenants because of injuries caused by the ingestion of lead-based paint. Plaintiffs also seek punitive damages and attorney fees. On January 7, 1991, defendant Eagle- Picher, one of the lead pigment manufacturers, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the Southern District of Ohio, for reasons unrelated to this litigation. As a result of the filing, all proceedings against Eagle-Picher have been stayed in this litigation. On December 23, 1991, the Court dismissed plaintiffs' claims of negligent product design, negligent failure to warn, and strict liability as time-barred under the applicable statute of limitation. The Court also ruled, however, that the plaintiffs' fraud and restitution claims were adequately pled and that more facts were needed to determine if the fraud claim was also time-barred. Interlocutory appeals were taken, and this decision was affirmed. On March 12, 1992, ARCO filed its answer to the complaint and its counterclaims against the City of New York and the New York City Housing Authority. On April 8, 1993, pursuant to stipulation by the parties, the trial court entered an order dismissing with prejudice plaintiffs' claims for indemnification arising from third-party personal injury claims resolved before March 15, 1993, and dismissing without prejudice claims for indemnification brought after that date. On September 3, 1993, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding American Cyanamid Company and Fuller-O'Brien Corporation as defendants.
On August 25, 1992, ARCO (as successor to IS&R) was added as a defendant to a purported class action suit pending in the Court of Common Pleas in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, Jackson, et al. v. The Glidden Company, et al. (Case No. 236835), that seeks on behalf of the three named plaintiffs, and all other persons similarly situated in the state of Ohio, money damages for injuries allegedly suffered from exposure to lead paint, punitive damages, and an order requiring defendants to remove and abate all lead paint applied to any building in Ohio. The suit names as defendants, in addition to ARCO, the LIA and 16 companies alleged to have participated in the manufacture and sale of lead pigments and paints and includes causes of action for strict product liability, negligence, breach of warranty, fraud, nuisance, restitution, negligent infliction of emotional distress, and enterprise, market share and alternative liability. On July 29, 1993, the Court entered an order granting defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that Ohio law does not recognize market share,
enterprise or alternative liability causes of action in this case. On August 27, 1993, plaintiffs filed their notice of appeal.
In addition, the Company is a defendant in several lawsuits, brought by individuals that allege injury from exposure to lead paint. These cases, in the aggregate, are not material to the financial condition of the Company.
On July 5, 1990, an explosion and fire occurred at ARCO Chemical's Channelview, Texas plant. The incident resulted in the death of 17 people and in significant damage to the waste water treatment section of the plant, with some damage to the adjacent area providing utilities to the plant. Various lawsuits have been filed and claims made against ARCO Chemical for wrongful death, personal injury and property damage in connection with this incident, most of which have been resolved.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEEDINGS
As discussed under the caption "Environmental Matters," ARCO is currently participating in environmental assessments and cleanups at numerous operating and non-operating sites under Superfund and comparable state laws, RCRA and other state and local laws and regulations, and pursuant to third party indemnification requests, and is the subject of material legal proceedings relating to certain of these sites. See "Environmental Matters--Material Environmental Litigation." Set forth below is a description, in accordance with SEC rules, of certain fines and penalties imposed by governmental agencies in respect of environmental rules and regulations.
In September 1991, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control filed an administrative complaint against ARCO Products Company seeking a civil penalty of $137,500 for failure to comply with certain hazardous waste regulations. The alleged violations stem from sandblasting and related actions by subcontractors while performing work at the Los Angeles Refinery. In December 1991, an administrative law hearing was held on these alleged violations. The Administrative Law Judge proposed a reduced penalty of $62,000, and the matter has been settled on that basis.
ARCO Chemical has discovered that certain organic waste material is situated in the soil and ground water at portions of its Monaca, Pennsylvania (Beaver Valley) plant. ARCO Chemical has commenced a feasibility study to determine the technology required to remedy the conditions at the plant. Concurrently, ARCO Chemical is working with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources ("DER") to design a plan to remedy the conditions at the plant. ARCO Chemical has signed an agreement with Beazer East, Inc., the successor to Koppers Inc. (the previous owner of the Beaver Valley plant), whereby Beazer East, Inc. has agreed to pay for approximately 50 percent of the cost of the remediation. ARCO Chemical has agreed to pay to the Pennsylvania DER a fine in the amount of $300,000 in settlement for contamination of the ground water at the plant.
In August 1993, the City Prosecuting Attorney of Long Beach, California, filed a complaint against ARCO Terminal Services Corporation ("ATSC"), an ARCO subsidiary, alleging that ATSC illegally disposed of hazardous waste. A second complaint was filed against ATSC and Four Corners Pipe Line Company ("FCPL"), another ARCO subsidiary, alleging that ATSC and FCPL illegally disposed of hazardous waste. The allegations made in each complaint are not related. In December 1993, pursuant to the provisions of judicially approved Orders for Civil Compromise, the complaints were dismissed. Liability was not admitted with regard to any of the allegations raised in the complaints, but payments in the amount of $150,000 and $100,000 have been placed into escrow accounts to fund environmental training and the acquisition of various materials and equipment to be used for environmental purposes.
In addition to the matters reported herein, from time to time, certain of the Company's operating divisions and subsidiaries receive notices from federal, state or local governmental entities of alleged violations of environmental laws and regulations pertaining to, among other things, the disposal, emission and storage of chemical and petroleum substances, including hazardous wastes. Such alleged violations may become the subject of enforcement actions or other legal proceedings and may involve monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more (exclusive of interest and costs).
OTHER LITIGATION
The Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in numerous suits in which they are not covered by insurance which involve smaller amounts than the matters described above. Although the legal responsibility and financial impact in respect to such litigation cannot be ascertained, it is not anticipated that these suits will result in the payment by the Company or its subsidiaries of monetary damages which in the aggregate would be material in relation to the net assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.
ITEM 4.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 1993.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Set forth below are the executive officers of Registrant as of February 28, 1994.
- -------- (a) Division names used in the descriptions of business experience of executive officers of the Company are the names which were in effect at the time such officers held such positions. In some instances, divisions have been combined or reorganized and, accordingly, activities thereof are presently conducted under different division names.
(b) The By-Laws of the Company provide that each officer shall hold office until the officer's successor is elected or appointed and qualified or until the officer's death, resignation or removal by the Board of Directors.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of the Company's capital stock is included in order to facilitate incorporation by reference of such description in filings by the Company under the federal securities laws.
Certain statements under this heading are summaries of provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of ARCO, as adopted upon the reincorporation of the Company into a Delaware corporation on May 7, 1985, and do not purport to be complete. A copy of the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended through May 3, 1993, is filed as an exhibit hereto. The summaries make use of certain terms defined in the Certificate of Incorporation and are qualified in their entirety by reference thereto.
The term "$3.00 Preference Stock" refers to the Company's $3.00 Cumulative Convertible Preference Stock, par value $1 per share. The term "$2.80 Preference Stock" refers to the Company's $2.80 Cumulative Convertible Preference Stock, par value $1 per share. The term "Preferred Stock" refers to the Company's Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share; this new class of Preferred Stock was authorized by stockholders on May 3, 1993. The term "Common Stock" refers to the Company's Common Stock, par value $2.50 per share.
The following is a summary of the capital stock of ARCO as of December 31, 1993.
- --------
* Excludes treasury stock.
New Class of Preferred Stock. Under the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended following approval by stockholders on May 3, 1993, the Board is authorized to issue, at any time or from time to time, one or more series of Preferred Stock at its discretion. In addition, the Board has the power to determine all designations, powers, preferences and the rights of such stock and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including but not limited to: (i) the designation of series and numbers of shares; (ii) the dividend rights, if any; (iii) the rights upon liquidation or distribution of the assets of the Company, if any; (iv) the conversion or exchange rights, if any; (v) the redemption provisions, if any; and (vi) the voting rights, if any.
So long as the Preference Stocks are outstanding, and only for that period of time, the rights of the Preferred Stock are subordinate to the rights of the holders of Preference Stocks.
Dividend Rights. Holders of $3.00 Preference Stock and holders of $2.80 Preference Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the annual rate of $3.00 per share and $2.80 per share, respectively, payable quarterly, before cash dividends are paid on the Preferred Stock, if any, and the Common Stock. Shares of $3.00 Preference Stock and shares of $2.80 Preference Stock rank on a parity as to dividends. After provision for payment in full of cumulative dividends on the outstanding $3.00 Preference and $2.80 Preference Stocks, and the payment in full of cumulative dividends on the outstanding Preferred Stock, if any, dividends may be paid on the Common Stock as the Board of Directors may deem advisable, within the limits and from the sources permitted by law.
Conversion Rights. Each share of $3.00 Preference Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into six and eight-tenths (6.8) shares of Common Stock of the Company at any time, and each share of $2.80 Preference Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into two and four-tenths (2.4) shares of Common Stock of the Company at any time. These conversion rates are subject to adjustment as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation. Shares of Preferred Stock would be convertible, if at all, on such terms as were designated by the Board of Directors.
Voting Rights. The holders of $3.00 Preference Stock are entitled to eight votes per share; holders of $2.80 Preference Stock are entitled to two votes per share; and holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share. Holders of $3.00 Preference and $2.80 Preference Stocks are entitled to vote cumulatively for directors; holders of Common Stock have no cumulative voting rights. The $3.00 Preference, $2.80 Preference and Common Stocks vote together as one class, except as provided by law and except as to certain matters which require a vote by the holders of $3.00 Preference Stock or by the holders of $2.80 Preference Stock as a separate class as set forth below.
The Certificate of Incorporation provides that if the Company shall be in default with respect to dividends on the $3.00 Preference Stock in an amount equal to six quarterly dividends, the number of directors of the Company shall be increased by two at the first annual meeting thereafter, and at such meeting and at each subsequent annual meeting until all dividends on the $3.00 Preference Stock shall have been paid in full, the holders of the $3.00 Preference Stock shall have the right, voting as a class, to elect such two additional directors. The Certificate of Incorporation contains identical provisions with respect to the $2.80 Preference Stock.
The Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Company shall not, without the assent of the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of $3.00 Preference Stock, (a) change any of the terms of the $3.00 Preference Stock in any material respect adverse to the holders, or (b) authorize any prior ranking stock; and that the Company shall not, without the assent of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of $3.00 Preference Stock, (1) authorize any additional $3.00 Preference Stock or stock on a parity with it; (2) sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of the property or business of the Company; or (3) become a party to a merger or consolidation unless the surviving or resulting corporation will have immediately after such merger or consolidation no stock either authorized or outstanding (except such stock of the Company as may have been authorized or outstanding immediately before such merger or consolidation of such stock of the surviving or resulting corporation as may be issued upon conversion thereof or in exchange therefor) ranking as to dividends or assets prior to or on a parity with the $3.00 Preference Stock or the stock of the surviving or resulting corporation issued upon conversion thereof or in exchange therefor. The Certificate of Incorporation contains identical provisions with respect to the $2.80 Preference Stock.
The holders of Preferred Stock, if any, would have such voting rights, if any, as were designated by the Board.
Redemption Provisions. The $3.00 Preference Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company as a whole or in part at any time on at least thirty days' notice at $82 per share plus accrued dividends to the redemption date. The $2.80 Preference Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company as a whole or in part at any time on at least thirty days' notice at $70 per share plus accrued dividends to the redemption date. The holders of Preferred Stock, if any, would have such redemption provisions, if any, as were designated by the Board.
Liquidation Rights. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of $3.00 Preference Stock and holders of $2.80 Preference Stock will be entitled to receive, before any payment to holders of Common Stock, $80 per share and $70 per share, respectively, together in each case with accrued and unpaid dividends. Shares of $3.00 Preference Stock and shares of $2.80 Preference Stock will rank on a parity as to assets of the Company upon its liquidation. Subject to the rights of creditors and the holders of $3.00 Preference Stock and $2.80 Preference Stock, the holders of Common Stock are
entitled pro rata to the assets of the Company upon its liquidation. The holders of Preferred Stock, if any, would have such liquidation rights, if any, as were designated by the Board.
Preemptive Rights. No holders of shares of capital stock of the Company have or will have any preemptive rights to acquire any securities of the Company.
Liability to Assessment. The shares of Common Stock are fully paid and non- assessable.
Prohibition of Greenmail. Article VII of the Certificate of Incorporation provides in general that any direct or indirect purchase by the Company of any of its voting stock (or rights to acquire voting stock) known to be beneficially owned by any person or group which holds more than 3 percent of a class of its voting stock and which has owned the securities being purchased for less than two years must be approved by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3 percent of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the voting stock. Such approval shall not be required with respect to any purchase by the Company of such securities made (i) at or below fair market value (based on average New York Stock Exchange closing prices over the preceding 90 days) or (ii) as part of a Company tender offer or exchange offer made on the same terms to all holders of such securities and complying with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or (iii) in a Public Transaction (as defined).
Rights to Purchase Common Stock. On May 27, 1986, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend distribution of one Right for each outstanding share of Common Stock to the stockholders of record on June 9, 1986 (the "Record Date"). Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one share of Common Stock at a price of $200 per share (the "Purchase Price"), subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement (the "Rights Agreement") between the Company and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, as Rights Agent (the "Rights Agent").
The Rights were issued on the Record Date. Thereafter, as long as the Rights are attached to the Common Stock, the Company will issue one Right with each share of Common Stock that shall become outstanding so that all such shares will have attached Rights.
The Rights are attached to all Common Stock certificates representing outstanding Common Stock, and no separate certificates evidencing Rights ("Right Certificates") have been distributed. Until the earlier to occur of (i) 10 days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 20 percent or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (an "Acquiring Person") or (ii) 10 days following the earlier of the commencement of, or the announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in the beneficial ownership by a person or group of 30 percent or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (the earlier of such dates described in (i) and (ii) above being called the "Distribution Date"), the Rights are evidenced by such Common Stock certificate with a copy of the Summary of Rights attached thereto. The date of announcement of the existence of an Acquiring Person referred to in clause (i) above is hereinafter referred to as the "Shares Acquisition Date." The Rights Agreement provides that, until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferred with and only with the Common Stock. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), Common Stock certificates issued after the Record Date upon transfer or issuance of Common Stock contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for transfer of any certificates evidencing Common Stock outstanding as of the Record Date, even without a copy of the Summary of Rights attached thereto, will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificate. As soon as practicable following the Distribution Date, Right Certificates will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Stock as of the close of business on the Distribution Date and such separate Right Certificates alone will evidence the Rights.
The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will expire on June 9,1996, unless earlier redeemed by the Company as described below.
The Purchase Price payable, and the number of shares of Common Stock or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of the Rights are subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of the Common Stock, (ii) upon the grant to holders of the Common Stock of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for Common Stock or convertible securities at less than the current market price of the Common Stock or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Common Stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular periodic cash dividends out of earnings or retained earnings at a rate not in excess of 125 percent of the rate of the last cash dividend theretofore paid or dividends payable in Common Stock) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above).
In the event that the Company were to be acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction, or more than 50 percent of its assets or earning power were sold, proper provision would be made so that each holder of a Right would thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current exercise price of the Right, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which at the time of such transaction would have a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. In the event that the Company were to be the surviving corporation in a merger with an Acquiring Person and its Common Stock were not changed or exchanged, or in the event that an Acquiring Person were to engage in one of a number of self- dealing transactions or certain other events occur while there is an Acquiring Person (e.g., a reverse stock split), as specified in the Rights Agreement, proper provision would be made so that each holder of a Right (except as provided below) would thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise that number of shares of Common Stock of the Company having a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. Upon the occurrence of any of the events described in the preceding sentence, any Rights that are or were at any time on or after the earlier of (a) the Shares Acquisition Date and (b) the Distribution Date beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person will immediately become null and void, and no holder of such Rights will have any right with regard to such Rights from and after such occurrence.
With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1 percent in such Purchase Price. No fractional shares will be issued and in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the market price of the Common Stock on the last trading date prior to the date of exercise.
At any time prior to the time that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has acquired beneficial ownership of 20 percent or more of the outstanding Common Stock, the Company may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.10 per Right (the "Redemption Price"). Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors of the Company electing to redeem the Rights, the Company will make announcement thereof, and upon such election, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.
Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.
While the distribution of the Rights was not, and the issuance of Rights thereafter is not, taxable to plan participants or the Company, stockholders may recognize taxable income if the Rights become exercisable.
The terms of the Rights may be amended by the Board of Directors of the Company and the Rights Agent, provided that the amendment does not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights.
The Rights have certain antitakeover effects. The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire the Company on terms not approved by its Board of Directors, except pursuant to an offer conditioned on a substantial number of Rights being acquired. The Rights should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by the Board of Directors at a time when the Rights are redeemable.
A copy of the Rights Agreement is filed as an exhibit hereto. This summary description of the Rights is qualified in its entirety by reference thereto.
PART II
ITEM 5.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Prices in the foregoing table are from the New York Stock Exchange composite tape. On February 28, 1994 the high price per share was $101 3/8 and the low price per share was $100 5/8.
As of December 31, 1993, the approximate number of holders of record of Common Stock of ARCO was 120,000. The principal markets in which ARCO's Common Stock is traded are listed on the cover page.
The quarterly dividend rate for Common Stock was increased to $1.375 per share in January 1991. On January 24, 1994, a dividend of $1.375 per share was declared on Common Stock, payable on March 15, 1994 to stockholders of record on February 18, 1994. Future cash dividends will depend on earnings, financial conditions and other factors; however, the Company presently expects that dividends will continue to be paid.
ITEM 6.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth selected financial information for ARCO:
- -------- (1) See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding unusual items on page 42.
(2) Includes after-tax gain of $634 million from sale of majority interest in Lyondell.
ITEM 7.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW OF 1993 RESULTS
In 1993, ARCO's net income was $269 million, or $1.66 per share. Operating results were lower compared to 1992. Operations in 1993 benefited from improved margins and higher gasoline sales volumes in ARCO's West Coast refining and marketing operations, higher coal sales volumes and higher natural gas prices. These benefits were more than offset by lower crude oil prices and volumes, lower natural gas volumes, higher exploration and selling, general and administrative expenses and lower after-tax earnings from transportation operations.
The 1993 results included net charges of $545 million after tax related to reorganization of ARCO's Lower 48 oil and gas operations, the impact of the federal corporate tax rate increase on deferred taxes, litigation issues, reserves for future environmental remediation and a loss on the sale of Brazilian marketing subsidiaries partially offset by gains from Lower 48 property sales.
The charges associated with the fourth quarter reorganization of ARCO's Lower 48 oil and gas operations were $450 million after tax. Included in those charges were unusual items of $659 million before tax, $404 million after tax, primarily related to writedowns for sale or other disposition of oil and gas properties and excess office space, in addition to workforce reductions. The incremental cash cost associated with these charges is approximately $60 million after tax.
OVERVIEW OF 1992 RESULTS
In 1992, ARCO's net income was $801 million, or $4.96 per share. The improvement in operating results compared to 1991 reflected improved margins and higher sales volumes in refining and marketing operations, lower lease operating costs, higher sales volumes and margins in chemical operations and higher natural gas prices, partially offset by lower natural gas sales volumes. In addition, income from equity earnings, interest income and interest expense were lower in 1992.
The 1992 results included approximately $140 million after tax in net benefits primarily related to unusual items, partially offset by provisions for future environmental costs. Unusual items were $271 million before tax, $211 million after tax, and were comprised of a settlement on assets nationalized by Iran and recognition of a previously deferred portion of the gain from the 1989 sale of a majority interest in Lyondell Petrochemical Company (Lyondell), partially offset by a charge related to the withdrawal by ARCO Chemical Company (ARCO Chemical) from a South Korean joint venture.
The 1992 results also included a net after-tax charge of
$392 million, or $2.43 per share, for the cumulative effect of adopting two new accounting standards related to non-pension postretirement benefits and income taxes.
OVERVIEW OF 1991 RESULTS
In 1991, ARCO's net income was $709 million, or $4.39 per share. Results included net charges for unusual items of $503 million before tax, $312 million after tax, primarily related to personnel reductions, anticipated loss on property sales and property writedowns.
RESULTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS
REVENUES
Sales and other operating revenues were $18.5 billion in 1993, $18.7 billion in 1992 and $18.2 billion in 1991. The decrease in revenues in 1993, compared to 1992, resulted from lower crude oil prices and volumes, lower natural gas volumes, decreased crude oil trading volumes and lower refined and chemical products prices, partially offset by increased natural gas marketing volumes and higher refined and chemical products sales volumes and natural gas prices.
The increase in revenues in 1992, compared to 1991, resulted from higher crude oil trading volumes, refined product prices and sales volumes, chemical product sales volumes and natural gas prices, partially offset by lower crude oil prices and natural gas volumes.
Income from equity investments was $40 million in 1993, $22 million in 1992 and $119 million in 1991. The increase in income from equity investments in 1993, compared to 1992, primarily reflected reduced losses from ARCO Chemical's equity affiliates. The lower income in 1992, compared to 1991, primarily resulted from a decline in earnings from Lyondell.
Other revenues were $492 million in 1993, compared to $376 million in 1992 and $385 million in 1991. The increase in 1993 reflected higher gains on asset sales.
EXPENSES
Trade purchases were $7.2 billion in 1993, $7.3 billion in 1992 and $7.0 billion in 1991. The 1993 trade purchases decrease compared to 1992 reflected lower crude oil trading prices and volumes and lower purchased volumes of finished refined products and chemical feedstocks, partially offset by higher natural gas marketing volumes and prices. The trade purchases increase in 1992, compared to 1991, related primarily to higher crude oil trading volumes, partially offset by lower crude oil prices.
Operating expenses were $3.3 billion in 1993, $3.2 billion in 1992 and $3.1 billion in 1991. In 1993, operating expenses were higher than in 1992 as a result of litigation-related accruals, higher compensation and contract personnel costs associated with downstream and coal operations and higher maintenance costs, including turnarounds at three chemical plants, partially offset by lower operating costs in oil and gas operations. In 1992, lower operating costs in oil and gas were offset by higher operating costs in chemical operations.
Exploration expenses were $667 million in 1993, $567 million in 1992 and $593 million in 1991. The increase in 1993, compared to 1992, reflected higher dry hole costs in Alaska and increased activity overseas, partially offset by decreased activity in the Lower 48.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $1.8 billion in 1993, $1.7 billion in 1992, and $1.8 billion in 1991. Increased expenses in 1993, compared to 1992, primarily resulted from higher compensation expense and higher delivery and advertising costs. The decrease in expenses in 1992, compared to 1991, primarily reflected lower insurance and pension costs.
Taxes other than excise and income taxes were $1.1 billion in 1993, $1.2 billion in 1992, and $1.1 billion in 1991. The decrease in 1993 primarily resulted from lower production taxes related to lower crude oil prices and volumes. The increase in 1992 primarily resulted from an increase in the Brazilian value- added tax rate.
Excise taxes were $1.3 billion in 1993, $1.2 billion in 1992 and $1.1 billion in 1991. The increase in 1993, compared to 1992, primarily resulted from the fourth quarter 1993 federal excise tax rate increase, the full-year effect in 1993 of increased state excise tax rates in 1992 and higher refined products sales volumes. The increase in 1992, compared to 1991, resulted from higher refined product sales volumes and increases in state excise tax rates in certain states in the fourth quarter of 1992.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization was $1.7 billion in 1993, $1.8 billion in 1992 and $1.7 billion in 1991. The decrease in 1993, compared to 1992, resulted from
the sale of Lower 48 oil and gas properties, partially offset by a $73 million accrual for the plugging and abandonment of onshore wells. The increase in 1992, compared to 1991, included the startup of the new ARCO Chemical propylene oxide/styrene monomer plant in Channelview, Texas and assets placed in service at the Corporation's two West Coast refineries.
Interest expense was $715 million in 1993, $762 million in 1992 and $892 million in 1991. A decline in the weighted average interest rate on outstanding long- term debt in 1993 and 1992 is the primary cause of the lower interest expense compared to 1991.
The Corporation's effective tax rate was 51.6% in 1993, compared to 35.6% in 1992 and 36.2% in 1991. The higher effective tax rate in 1993 reflected increased taxes on foreign income and the effect of the 1993 federal tax rate increase on deferred taxes.
RESULTS OF SEGMENT OPERATIONS
OIL AND GAS
ARCO's worldwide oil and gas exploration and production operations earned $45 million after tax in 1993, versus $816 million after tax in 1992. The effect of lower crude oil prices and volumes and natural gas volumes and higher dry hole expense, partially offset by higher natural gas prices and lower depletion and lease operating costs, resulted in the lower earnings for 1993. The 1993 results included net charges of approximately $390 million after tax comprised of the previously discussed charges associated with the Lower 48 reorganization, the federal tax rate increase and other charges, partially offset by gains on property sales. Annual future cost savings associated with the Lower 48 reorganization are estimated to be approximately $100 million after tax. The 1992 results included a net benefit of $138 million after tax consisting of gains from the Iranian settlement, and gains from Lower 48 property sales, partially offset by charges associated with the downsizing of Lower 48 operations.
ARCO's oil and gas exploration and production operations earned $816 million after tax in 1992, up from $549 million after tax in 1991. The 1992 results reflected the effect of lower operating and exploration costs and higher natural gas prices, offset by lower natural gas sales volumes, compared to 1991. The 1991 results included approximately $170 million after tax in net charges related to personnel reductions and the anticipated loss on divestiture of properties in the Lower 48, partially offset by a benefit from the reduction in U.K. corporation tax rates.
The Corporation's domestic composite average price for crude oil was $11.67 per barrel in 1993, $12.92 per barrel in 1992 and $12.93 per barrel in 1991. Average domestic natural gas prices were $1.93 per thousand cubic feet in 1993, $1.65 per thousand cubic feet in 1992 and $1.54 per thousand cubic feet in 1991.
Worldwide petroleum liquids production averaged 684,400 barrels per day in 1993, 738,200 barrels per day in 1992 and 744,200 barrels per day in 1991. Volumes decreased in 1993 as a result of Lower 48 property divestitures and natural field declines, partially offset by increased overseas production. Natural field decline in Alaska was partially offset by the September 1993 startup of the first phase of the second gas handling expansion facility (GHX-2) at Prudhoe Bay and new volumes which came on-stream from the Greater Point McIntyre area in October 1993. Worldwide production in 1992, compared to 1991, benefited from increased international volumes, although this was offset by natural field declines and Lower 48 property divestitures.
ARCO's share of production from its largest Alaskan field, Prudhoe Bay, was 250,800 barrels of petroleum liquids per day in 1993, compared to 270,500 barrels per day in 1992 and 281,700 barrels per day in 1991. The decline in 1993 and 1992, compared to 1991, primarily reflected natural field decline.
ARCO's share of petroleum liquids production from the Kuparuk River field was 151,500 barrels per day in 1993 compared to 150,800 barrels per day in 1992 and 140,300 barrels per day in 1991. The increase in 1992, compared to 1991, reflected the completion as of July 1, 1992 of a 24-month production payback of 9,000 barrels per day and improved field operations.
Lower 48 petroleum liquids production was 186,000 barrels per day in 1993, 221,600 barrels per day in 1992 and 227,900 barrels per day in 1991. Domestic natural gas production totaled 911 million cubic feet per day in
1993, 1.2 billion cubic feet per day in 1992 and 1.4 billion cubic feet per day in 1991. The decreases in 1993 and 1992 production were primarily associated with the sale of Lower 48 properties and natural field declines.
Foreign petroleum liquids production averaged 79,700 barrels per day in 1993, 77,700 barrels per day in 1992 and 75,700 barrels per day in 1991. Foreign natural gas production increased to 321 million cubic feet per day in 1993 as a result of the first full year of production from the Pickerill field in the United Kingdom North Sea and new production from the Orwell and Murdoch fields in the U.K. North Sea and from the offshore Northwest Java Sea field in Indonesia, all of which began production in late 1993. The decrease in 1992 natural gas production to 240 million cubic feet per day from 261 million cubic feet per day in 1991, reflected primarily natural field decline in the United Kingdom.
COAL
After-tax earnings from coal operations were $107 million in 1993, $83 million in 1992 and $33 million in 1991. The improvement in 1993 earnings reflected record sales volumes as a result of strong electric utility demand and reduced East Coast supply as a result of a mine workers strike. Australian mines also set production volumes and sales records for 1993. 1993 results included a benefit of approximately $10 million after tax associated with a change in the accrued estimated loss on the sale of the Coal Resources of Queensland (CRQ) mine, which was completed in January 1993. Included in the 1991 earnings were approximately $50 million in net after-tax charges primarily associated with a writedown of the CRQ mine, partially offset by gains from the sale of Venezuelan and other assets. Total worldwide coal shipments in 1993 were 47.7 million tons compared to 39.8 million tons in 1992 and 41.6 million tons in 1991.
REFINING AND MARKETING
After-tax earnings for refining and marketing operations were $307 million in 1993, $346 million in 1992 and $266 million in 1991. Earnings were lower in 1993, compared to 1992, because operating results were offset by a net charge of approximately $80 million after tax, comprised primarily of litigation-related accruals, the loss associated with the sale of the Brazilian marketing subsidiaries and the effect of the federal tax rate increase on deferred taxes. The improved earnings in 1992, compared to 1991, were the result of higher margins and sales volumes in the West Coast marketing area. The 1992 results included a charge of approximately $40 million after tax primarily for environmental costs related to previously divested operations. The 1991 earnings included approximately $10 million of net after-tax charges for personnel reductions, future environmental remediation primarily associated with previously divested properties and certain legal exposures, partially offset by benefits associated with accounting and tax adjustments related to Brazilian operations.
West Coast petroleum products sales totaled 481,500 barrels per day in 1993, 479,500 barrels per day in 1992 and 466,400 barrels per day in 1991. The higher level of sales in 1993, compared to 1992, resulted from increased demand. The higher level of sales in 1992, compared to 1991, resulted from increased market share. The marketing operations supplemented ARCO's production with third-party purchases in order to meet increased sales.
TRANSPORTATION
After-tax earnings for the transportation operations were $189 million in 1993, $239 million in 1992 and $212 million in 1991. The 1993 earnings were lower, compared to 1992, as a result of a lower Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) tariff, lower volumes and the effect of the federal tax rate increase on deferred taxes. In 1992, improved results from Lower 48 terminal and pipeline operations offset a decline in earnings from TAPS. The 1991 earnings included after-tax charges of approximately $30 million for personnel reduction costs and for settlement of the Kuparuk Pipeline tariff rate litigation.
INTERMEDIATE CHEMICALS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS
After-tax earnings for the intermediate chemicals and specialty products segment were $239 million in 1993, $210 million in 1992 and $192 million in 1991. The segment consists of ARCO Chemical, an 83.3 percent owned subsidiary of the Corporation. ARCO Chemical's reported net income in 1993 included a $10 million after-tax loss on early debt extinguishment and benefited from a lower effective income tax rate. The 1992
results included $56 million before tax for a charge resulting from ARCO Chemical's withdrawal from the YUKONG ARCO Chemical Ltd., joint venture in South Korea.
In 1993, increased sales volumes in ARCO Chemical's core products worldwide were offset by higher fixed costs associated with a new plant and maintenance expense resulting from turnarounds at three plants. Additional offsets included lower methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) margins, primarily in Europe and lower overall propylene oxide (PO) and derivative margins as a result of lower margins for new products and continued weakness in the European economy.
The 1992 earnings improved, compared to 1991, as a result of higher sales volumes and margins. Sales volumes for all major product groups, including PO derivatives and MTBE, were higher in 1992 than 1991. PO margins were higher in 1992, primarily in Europe, reflecting a weaker dollar. MTBE sales volumes were higher in 1992, primarily in the U.S., as a result of higher demand from domestic gasoline refiners. MTBE margins were higher on average in 1992 in both the U.S. and Europe as a result of lower raw material costs.
ARCO Chemical's reported 1991 results included a $153 million before tax benefit from business interruption insurance related to a plant accident and to feedstock contamination at another plant in 1990. Also included in 1991 results were net pretax charges totaling $20 million reflecting personnel reductions and future environmental remediation costs, partially offset by a benefit related to a change in estimated accident charges.
LYONDELL PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY
ARCO's 49.9 percent equity share of Lyondell's net income was $13 million for 1993, $8 million for 1992 and $111 million for 1991. Lyondell's results in 1993 improved as a result of higher margins attained through the processing of greater volumes of Venezuelan crude oil. Lyondell's 1992 earnings, compared to 1991, were lower as a result of lower olefins margins and volumes and reduced refining margins in the Gulf Coast.
UNALLOCATED EXPENSES AND OTHER
Unallocated expenses and other was a net after-tax expense of $140 million in 1993 and $60 million in 1991 compared to a net after-tax benefit of $25 million in 1992. The increase in unallocated expenses in 1993, compared to 1992, reflected the absence of a $111 million after-tax gain recognized in 1992, increased employee-related expenses, higher charges for future environmental remediation, and lower net investment income. In 1992, unallocated expenses and other included the recognition of a $111 million after-tax gain representing a previously deferred portion of the gain from the 1989 sale of a majority interest in Lyondell, partially offset by corporate staff expense and charges for future environmental remediation. The 1991 unallocated expenses and other included after-tax charges of $34 million for future environmental remediation and higher insurance costs.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
On January 28, 1994, Vastar Resources, Inc. (Vastar), a wholly owned subsidiary of ARCO, filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the proposed sale of up to 17,250,000 shares of common stock to the public. ARCO intends to retain 80,000,001 shares, or 82.3 percent of Vastar's common stock. On December 7, 1993, Vastar borrowed $1.25 billion under a revolving credit agreement with a group of banks at an initial interest rate of 3.9 percent. The revolving line of credit is available until November 30, 1996.
FINANCIAL POSITION AND LIQUIDITY
Cash flows from operating activities were $2.8 billion in 1993, $3.1 billion in 1992 and $3.0 billion in 1991. The net cash used in investing activities was $2.2 billion in 1993 and primarily included expenditures for additions to fixed assets (including dry hole costs) of $2.1 billion, proceeds from asset sales of $582 million and a net increase in short-term investments of $789 million. The net cash used in financing activities was $431 million in 1993 and primarily included repayments of long-term debt of $886 million, proceeds of $1.3 billion from the issuance of long-term debt and dividend payments of $879 million.
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $3.7 billion at year-end 1993 and short-term borrowings were $1.5 billion. Working capital was $1.1 billion higher at the end of 1993, reflecting an increase in
short-term investments and a decrease in long-term debt due within one year. At December 31, 1993, the Corporation had unused committed bank credit facilities totaling $3.2 billion. In addition, ARCO Chemical had unused bank credit facilities totaling $300 million.
The Corporation's 1994 capital spending program includes $1.9 billion for additions to fixed assets. Future capital expenditures remain subject to business conditions affecting the industry, particularly changes in price and demand for crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products. Changes in the tax laws, the imposition of and changes in federal and state clean air and clean fuel requirements, and other changes in environmental rules and regulations may also affect future capital expenditures.
It is expected that future cash requirements for capital expenditures, dividends and debt repayments will come from cash generated from operating activities, existing cash balances, and any asset sales and future financings.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
During 1993, the Corporation charged to income $172 million before tax for environmental remediation costs and made related payments of $206 million. At December 31, 1993, the environmental remediation reserve totaled $648 million. The amount reserved represents an estimate of the undiscounted costs which the Corporation will incur to remediate sites with known contamination. In view of the uncertainties associated with estimating these costs, such as uncertainties with respect to the appropriate method for remediating contaminated sites, the extent of contamination at various sites, and the Corporation's ultimate share of costs at various sites, actual future costs could exceed the amount accrued by as much as $1 billion.
Although the contingencies associated with environmental matters could result in significant expenses or judgments that, if aggregated and assumed to occur within a single fiscal year, would be material to the Corporation's results of operations, the likelihood of such occurrence is considered remote. On the basis of management's best assessment of the ultimate amount and timing of these events, such expenses or judgments are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's consolidated financial position, stockholders' equity, liquidity or capital resources.
In addition to the provision for environmental remediation costs, $788 million has been accrued for the estimated cost, net of salvage value, of dismantling facilities as required by contract, regulation or law, and the estimated costs of restoration and reclamation of land associated with such facilities.
For further discussion of environmental matters see Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
EFFECTS OF INFLATION
While the annual rate of inflation remained moderate during the three-year period ended December 31, 1993, the Corporation continued to experience certain inflationary effects. The Corporation will achieve some benefits by using current, inflated dollars to satisfy its debt obligations and other monetary liabilities, because the Corporation's monetary assets are less than its monetary liabilities at December 31, 1993.
Based on the age of the Corporation's property, plant and equipment, it is estimated that the replacement cost of those assets is greater than the historical cost reflected in the Corporation's financial statements. Accordingly, the Corporation's depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for the three years ended December 31, 1993, would be greater if the expense were stated on a current-cost basis.
To the extent that the Corporation uses the last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory accounting method, the replacement cost of inventory is greater than the historical cost reflected on the Corporation's balance sheet, while the costs of products sold reflected in the Corporation's income statement approximate current cost.
ITEM 8.

ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted since they are either not required, are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or related notes.
Financial statements with respect to unconsolidated subsidiaries and 50 percent owned companies are omitted per Rule 3-09(a) of Regulation S-X.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Atlantic Richfield Company
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Atlantic Richfield Company as of December 31, 1993 and 1992, and the related consolidated statements of income and retained earnings and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1993 and the related financial statement schedules listed in the index on page 37 of this Form 10- K. These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Atlantic Richfield Company as of December 31, 1993 and 1992, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1993, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be included therein.
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for income taxes, postretirement benefits other than pensions and postemployment benefits in 1992.
COOPERS & LYBRAND
Los Angeles, California February 11, 1994
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS ARCO
See Notes on pages 42 through 53.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET ARCO
The Corporation follows the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas producing activities.
See Notes on pages 42 through 53.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS ARCO
(a) Includes noncash unusual items of $659 and ($149) in 1993 and 1992, respectively. (b) Includes noncash unusual items of $476. See Notes on pages 42 through 53.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 Accounting Policies
ARCO's accounting policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles, including the "successful efforts" method of accounting for oil and gas producing activities.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries, ventures and partnerships in which a controlling interest is held, including ARCO Chemical Company (ACC), of which ARCO owned 83.3 percent of the outstanding shares at December 31, 1993. ARCO also consolidates its interests in undivided interest pipeline companies and in oil and gas and coal mining joint ventures. ARCO uses the equity method of accounting for companies where its ownership is between 20 and 50 percent and for other ventures and partnerships in which less than a controlling interest is held.
Cash Equivalents; Short-Term Investments
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments, such as time deposits, certificates of deposit and marketable securities other than equity securities, maturing within three months of purchase. Short-term investments consist of similar investments maturing in more than three months of purchase. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are stated at cost, which approximates market value.
Oil and Gas Unproved Property Costs
Unproved property costs are capitalized and amortized on a composite basis, considering past success experience and average property life. In general, costs of properties surrendered or otherwise disposed of are charged to accumulated amortization. Costs of successful properties are transferred to developed properties.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are recorded at cost and are written off on either a unit-of- production method or a straight-line method based on the expected lives of individual assets or groups of assets.
Upon disposal of assets depreciated on an individual basis, residual cost less salvage is included in current income. Upon disposal of assets depreciated on a group basis, unless unusual in nature or amount, residual cost less salvage is charged against accumulated depreciation.
Dismantlement, Restoration and Reclamation Costs
The estimated costs, net of salvage value, of dismantling facilities or projects with limited lives or facilities that are required to be dismantled by contract, regulation or law, and the estimated costs of restoration and reclamation associated with oil and gas and mining operations are accrued during production and classified as a long-term liability. Such costs are taken into account in determining the cost of production in all operations, except oil and gas production, in which case such costs are considered in determining depreciation, depletion and amortization.
Environmental Remediation
Environmental remediation costs are accrued as operating expenses based on the estimated timing and extent of remedial actions required by applicable governmental authorities, experience gained from similar sites on which remediation has been completed, and the amount of ARCO's liability in consideration of the proportional liability and financial wherewithal of other responsible parties. Estimated liabilities are not discounted to present value.
Reclassifications
Certain previously reported amounts have been restated to conform to classifications adopted in 1993.
NOTE 2 Unusual Items
In the fourth quarter of 1993, ARCO announced a reorganization of its Lower 48 oil and gas operations. ARCO provided as unusual items a pretax charge of $659 million, $404 million after tax, primarily related to the writedown for sale or other disposition of oil and gas properties and excess office space, in addition to workforce reductions.
In the fourth quarter of 1992, ARCO recognized a pretax benefit of $149 million from the settlement with Iran related to Corporation assets that had been nationalized in the late 1970s. In the second quarter of 1992, ARCO recognized a pretax benefit of $178 million related to a portion of the gain from the 1989 sale of a majority interest in Lyondell Petrochemical Company (Lyondell) which was previously deferred as the amount equal to ARCO's guarantee of notes associated with certain of Lyondell's manufacturing facilities. When Lyondell repaid the notes in 1992, ARCO was released from its guarantee and accordingly recognized the gain. In the second quarter of 1992, ARCO also recognized a pretax charge of $56 million resulting from ACC's withdrawal from the YUKONG ARCO Chemical Ltd. joint venture in Korea. The net benefit related to 1992 unusual items was $211 million after tax.
In 1991, ARCO announced a reorganization of its oil and gas operations in the Lower 48 states and a companywide workforce reduction. An estimated pretax charge of $281 million was provided as unusual items for the
cost of these programs. ARCO also provided as unusual items a pretax charge of approximately $222 million for the anticipated loss on the sale of certain Lower 48 oil and gas properties and the writedown of certain coal assets. The net provision related to the above items was $312 million after tax.
NOTE 3 Accounting Changes
Effective January 1, 1992, ARCO implemented on the immediate recognition basis Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions," which requires accrual of the actuarially determined costs of postretirement benefits during the years that the employee renders the necessary service. ARCO's previous policy was to expense these costs when incurred.
The cumulative effect of adopting SFAS No. 106 as of January 1, 1992, resulted in a charge of $435 million, or $2.70 per share, to 1992 earnings, net of income tax effects of approximately $262 million.
Effective January 1, 1992, ARCO adopted SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." The cumulative effect of the change on 1992 net income was a benefit of $43 million, or $0.27 per share. The effect of adopting SFAS Nos. 106 and 109 on 1992 net income, excluding the cumulative effect, was not material.
Effective January 1, 1992, ARCO also adopted SFAS No. 112, "Employers' Accounting for Postemployment Benefits." The standard requires companies to accrue the cost of postemployment benefits either during the years that the employee renders the necessary service or at the date of the event giving rise to the benefit, depending upon whether certain conditions are met. The effect of adoption did not have a material impact on 1992 net income.
NOTE 4 Segment Information
ARCO operates primarily in the Resources and Products segments. The Resources segment includes oil and gas operations, which comprise the exploration, development and production of petroleum, including petroleum liquids (crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids) and natural gas; the purchase and sale of petroleum liquids and natural gas; and the mining and sale of coal. The Products segment includes the refining and transportation of petroleum and petroleum products; the marketing of petroleum products; and the manufacture and sale of intermediate chemicals and specialty products, including propylene oxide and derivatives, tertiary butyl alcohol, methyl tertiary butyl ether and styrene monomer.
Segment information for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 was as follows:
Intersegment sales were made at prices approximating current market values. The amounts for intersegment sales included in sales and other operating revenues were as follows:
(a) Net of minority interest of $(36), $(32), and $(31) in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively.
(a) Excludes undeveloped leasehold amortization of $98, $110, and $113, respectively, included in exploration expense.
Foreign operations are conducted principally in the following geographic regions: Oil and gas--United Kingdom, Indonesia and Dubai; Coal--Australia; Intermediate chemicals and specialty products---Europe and Asia Pacific; Refining and marketing--Brazil (marketing only). The Brazilian operations were sold in December 1993.
(a) Includes gain from settlement on assets nationalized by Iran (Note 2). (b) Includes losses of equity affiliates, principally Asian joint ventures, of $(2), $(18), and $(22), in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. (c) Operations sold in December 1993.
NOTE 5 Inventories
Inventories are recorded when purchased, produced or manufactured and are stated at the lower of cost or market. In 1993, approximately 88 percent of inventories excluding materials and supplies were determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Materials and supplies and other non-LIFO inventories are determined predominantly on an average cost basis.
Total inventories at December 31, 1993 and 1992 comprised the following categories:
The excess of the current cost of inventories over book value was approximately $228 million and $285 million at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively.
NOTE 6 Taxes
Taxes other than excise and income taxes for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 comprised the following:
The components of the provision for taxes on income for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
The deferred tax benefit in 1993 and 1991 primarily resulted from book accruals associated with the reorganizations and workforce reductions.
The major components of the net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 1993 and 1992, and January 1, 1992 were as follows:
ARCO has foreign loss carryforwards of $227 million which begin expiring in 1994.
The domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes, minority interest and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, and a reconciliation of income tax expense with tax at the effective federal statutory rate for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 7 Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt at December 31, 1993 and 1992 comprised the following:
Maturities and sinking fund obligations for the five years subsequent to December 31, 1993 are as follows (millions of dollars): 1994--$165; 1995--$632; 1996--$1,434; 1997--$269; 1998--$182. No material amounts of long-term debt are collateralized by Corporation assets.
Vastar Resources, Inc. (Vastar), a wholly owned subsidiary of ARCO, entered into a $1.25 billion unsecured, variable rate, revolving-term credit agreement. In December 1993, Vastar borrowed $1.25 billion principal amount at an initial interest rate of 3.9 percent. The agreement contains restrictions
which, among other things, require Vastar to maintain certain financial ratios and restrict encumbrance of assets.
NOTE 8 Bank Credit Facilities and Compensating Balances
In 1993, ARCO and certain wholly owned subsidiaries had committed bank credit facilities of approximately $3.2 billion, including a credit facility negotiated on behalf of a subsidiary that is denominated in pounds sterling. At December 31, 1993, there were no borrowings under these committed facilities.
ACC maintains two credit facilities under which it may borrow up to $300 million which are not guaranteed by ARCO. At December 31, 1993, there were no borrowings against the ACC credit facilities. The facilities replace a previous facility that effectively expired in December 1993.
Notes payable on the balance sheet consist primarily of commercial paper issued to a variety of financial investors and institutions and any amounts outstanding under ARCO or ACC credit facilities.
ARCO has no requirements for compensating balances. ARCO does maintain balances for some of its banking services and products. Such balances are solely at ARCO's discretion, so that on any given date, none of ARCO's cash is restricted.
At December 31, 1993, ARCO had letters of credit outstanding totalling $305 million.
NOTE 9 Interest Expense
Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 was comprised of the following:
NOTE 10 Foreign Currency Transaction Gains
Foreign exchange transactions, which relate primarily to Brazilian operations, resulted in net gains of $22 million, $1 million and $41 million in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively.
NOTE 11 Fixed Assets
Property, plant and equipment, and related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization at December 31, 1993 and 1992 were as follows:
Expenses for maintenance and repairs for 1993, 1992 and 1991 were $509 million, $513 million and $523 million, respectively.
NOTE 12 Other Commitments and Contingencies
ARCO has commitments, including those related to the acquisition, construction and development of facilities, all made in the normal course of business.
At December 31, 1993 and 1992, there were contingent liabilities primarily with respect to guarantees of securities of other issuers of approximately $111 million and $100 million, respectively, of which approximately $41 million and $45 million, respectively, were indemnified.
Following the March 1989 EXXON VALDEZ oil spill, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (Alyeska) and Alyeska's owner companies were the subject of numerous lawsuits by the State of Alaska, the United States and private plaintiffs. ARCO Transportation Alaska, Inc. (ATA) owns approximately 21 percent of Alyeska. In July 1993, it was announced that Alyeska and its owner companies had agreed to pay $98 million in settlement of all but a handful of the lawsuits by private plaintiffs of which $20.9 million was ATA's share. At the October 1993 approval hearing on the settlement, the settlement was tentatively approved; however, there remain certain issues concerning claims that Exxon might assert against Alyeska and its owner companies that must be resolved before the settlement becomes final.
ARCO and former producers of lead pigments have been named as defendants in cases filed by a municipal housing authority, a purported class and several individuals seeking damages and injunctive relief as a consequence of the presence of lead-based paint in certain housing units.
ARCO and its subsidiary, Atlantic Richfield Hanford Company (ARHCO), and several other companies have been named as defendants in lawsuits filed on behalf of individual persons and a number of purported classes. These lawsuits arise out of radioactive and non-radioactive toxic and hazardous substances allegedly generated at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Richland, Washington (HNR). The claims against ARCO and ARHCO arise out of the performance by ARHCO of a contract with the Atomic Energy Commission to provide chemical processing, waste management and support services at HNR from 1967 to 1977. ARCO and ARHCO believe that, should either or both ultimately be held liable, they will be entitled to indemnification by the federal government as provided under the Price-Anderson Act, and pursuant to the terms of the contract between ARHCO and the Atomic Energy Commission.
ARCO is also the subject of or party to a number of pending or threatened legal actions for which the legal responsibility and financial impact cannot presently be ascertained. Although any ultimate liability arising from any of these suits, or from any of the proceedings described above, if aggregated and assumed to occur in a single fiscal year, would be material to ARCO's results of operations, the likelihood of such occurrence is considered remote. On the basis of management's best assessment of the ultimate amount and timing of these events, such expenses or judgments are not expected to have a material adverse effect on ARCO's consolidated financial position, stockholders' equity, liquidity or capital resources.
ARCO is subject to other loss contingencies pursuant to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. These include possible obligations to remove or mitigate the effects on the environment of the disposal or release of certain chemical, mineral and petroleum substances at various sites, including the restoration of natural resources located at these sites and damages for loss of use and non-use values. ARCO is currently participating in environmental assessments and cleanups under these laws at federal Superfund and state-managed sites, as well as other clean-up sites, including service stations, refineries, terminals, chemical facilities, third-party landfills, former nuclear processing facilities, and sites
associated with discontinued operations. ARCO may in the future be involved in additional environmental assessments and cleanups, including the restoration of natural resources and damages for loss of use and non-use values. The amount of such future costs is indeterminable due to such factors as the unknown nature and extent of contamination at many sites, the unknown timing, extent and method of the remedial actions which may be required and the determination of ARCO's liability in proportion to other responsible parties.
ARCO continues to estimate the amount of these costs in periodically establishing reserves based on progress made in determining the magnitude of remediation costs, experience gained from sites on which remediation has been completed, the timing and extent of remedial actions required by the applicable governmental authorities and an evaluation of the amount of ARCO's liability considered in light of the liability and financial wherewithal of the other responsible parties. At December 31, 1993, the reserve balance is $648 million. As the scope of ARCO's obligations becomes more clearly defined, there may be changes in these estimated costs, which might result in future charges against ARCO's earnings.
ARCO's reserve covers federal Superfund and state-managed sites as well as other clean-up sites, including service stations, refineries, terminals, chemical facilities, third-party landfills, former nuclear processing facilities and sites associated with discontinued operations. ARCO has been named a potentially responsible party (PRP) for 123 sites. The number of PRP sites in and of itself does not represent a relevant measure of liability, because the nature and extent of environmental concerns varies from site to site and ARCO's share of responsibility varies from sole responsibility to very little responsibility. ARCO reviews all of the PRP sites, along with other sites as to which no claims have been asserted, in estimating the amount of the reserve. ARCO's future costs at these sites could exceed the reserve by as much as $1 billion.
Approximately half of the reserve related to sites associated with ARCO's discontinued operations, primarily mining activities in the states of Montana and Colorado. Another significant component related to currently and formerly owned chemical, nuclear processing, and refining and marketing facilities, and other sites which received wastes from these facilities. The remainder related to other sites with reserves ranging from $1 million to $10 million per site. No one site represents more than 15 percent of the total reserve. Substantially all amounts accrued in the reserve are expected to be paid out over the next five to six years.
Claims for recovery of remediation costs already incurred and to be incurred in the future have been filed against various insurance companies and other third parties. None of these claims has been resolved. Due to the uncertainty as to ultimate recovery from these parties, ARCO has neither recorded any asset nor reduced any liability in anticipation of such recovery.
Environmental loss contingencies also include claims for personal injuries allegedly caused by exposure to toxic materials manufactured or used by ARCO. Although these contingencies could result in significant expenses or judgments that, if aggregated and assumed to occur within a single fiscal year, would be material to ARCO's results of operations, the likelihood of such occurrence is considered remote. On the basis of management's best assessment of the ultimate amount and timing of these events, such expenses or judgments are not expected to have a material adverse effect on ARCO's consolidated financial position, stockholders' equity, liquidity or capital resources.
The operations and consolidated financial position of ARCO continue to be affected from time to time in varying degrees by domestic and foreign political developments as well as legislation, regulations and litigation pertaining to restrictions on production, imports and exports, tax increases, environmental regulations, cancellation of contract rights and expropriation of property. Both the likelihood of such occurrences and their overall effect on ARCO vary greatly and are not predictable.
These uncertainties are part of a number of items that ARCO has taken and will continue to take into account in periodically establishing reserves.
NOTE 13 Retirement Plans
ARCO and its subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans to provide pension benefits to substantially all employees. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee's compensation, primarily during the last three years of service. ARCO's funding policy is to make annual contributions as required by applicable regulations. ARCO charges pension costs as accrued, based on an actuarial valuation for each plan, and funds the plans through contributions to trust funds that are kept apart from Corporation funds.
The following table sets forth the plans' funded status and amounts recognized in the balance sheet at December 31, 1993 and 1992:
Pension costs related to ARCO-sponsored plans, on a pretax basis, including amortization of unfunded projected benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
In addition to the pension (benefit) cost above, in 1993 and 1991 ARCO recorded $61 million and $103 million, respectively, before tax as additional pension expense in connection with the workforce reductions in those years.
ARCO's assumptions used as of December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 in determining the pension cost and pension liability shown above were as follows:
NOTE 14 Other Postretirement Benefits
ARCO and its subsidiaries sponsor defined postretirement benefit plans to provide other postretirement benefits to substantially all employees who retire with ARCO having rendered the required years of service, along with their spouses and eligible dependents. Health care benefits are provided primarily through comprehensive indemnity plans. Currently, ARCO pays approximately 80 percent of the cost of such plans, but has the right to modify the cost-sharing provisions at any time. Life insurance benefits are based primarily on the employee's final compensation and are also partially paid for by retiree contributions, which vary based upon coverage chosen by the retiree.
ARCO's current policy is to fund the cost of postretirement health care and life insurance plans on a pay-as-you-go basis. Pursuant to Section 401(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, excess pension assets totalling $21 million were transferred from the pension plans to health care benefit accounts within the pension plans for reimbursement of 1992 retiree health care benefits.
The following table sets forth the plans' combined postretirement benefit liability as of December 31, 1993 and 1992:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ARCO charges postretirement benefit costs as accrued, based on actuarial calculations for each plan. Net annual postretirement benefit costs as of December 31, 1993 and 1992 included the following components:
In addition to the cost above, ARCO recorded $9 million as additional postretirement benefit expense in connection with the workforce reduction in 1993.
For the year ended December 31, 1991, ARCO recognized postretirement costs as incurred. Accordingly, the amount recognized as expense in prior years is not comparable.
The significant assumptions used in determining postretirement benefit cost and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation were as follows:
The weighted average annual assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care trend rate) for the health plans is 10 percent for 1993 to 1996, 8 percent for 1997 to 2001, and 6 percent thereafter. The effect of a one-percentage-point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 1993, by approximately 10.5 percent, and the aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net annual postretirement benefit cost by approximately 11 percent.
NOTE 15 Stockholders' Equity
Detail of ARCO's capital stock as of December 31, 1993 and 1992 was as follows:
The changes in preference stocks outstanding were due solely to conversions. The $3.00 cumulative convertible preference stock is convertible into 6.8 shares of common stock. The $2.80 cumulative convertible preference stock is convertible into 2.4 shares of common stock. The common stock is subordinate to the preference stocks for dividends and assets. The $3.00 and $2.80 preference stocks may be redeemed at the option of ARCO for $82 and $70 per share, respectively.
ARCO has authorized 75,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par, of which none were issued or outstanding at December 31, 1993.
By stockholder approval, all of the Series B, 3.75 percent cumulative preferred stock, $100 par, of which none were issued and outstanding, was cancelled effective May 3, 1993.
By Board authorization, effective December 31, 1991, ARCO canceled 7 million shares of common stock held in treasury. As a result of this cancellation, common stock decreased by $17 million, capital in excess of par value of stock decreased by $30 million, and retained earnings decreased by $684 million in 1991.
The balance in ARCO's common stock at December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 was $402 million.
Detail of changes in treasury stock in 1993, 1992 and 1991 was as follows:
The net decrease in capital in excess of par value of stock in 1993, 1992 and 1991 of $15 million, $12 million and $52 million, respectively, was due primarily to the conversion of preference stock to common stock and the cancellation of treasury stock in 1991.
ARCO's Certificate of Incorporation contains a provision restricting dividend payments; however, at December 31, 1993, retained earnings were free from such restriction. At December 31, 1993, shares of ARCO's authorized and unissued common stock were reserved as follows:
Under ARCO's incentive compensation plans, awards of ARCO's common stock may be made to officers, outside directors and key employees.
NOTE 16 Earned per Share
Earned per share is based on the average number of common shares outstanding during each period including common stock equivalents that consist of certain outstanding options and all outstanding convertible securities. The average shares used in the calculation of earned per share for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were 162.4 million, 161.5 million and 161.7 million, respectively.
NOTE 17 Stock Options
Options to purchase shares of ARCO's common stock have been granted to executives, outside directors and key employees. These options become exercisable in varying installments and expire ten years after the date of grant. Transactions during 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
NOTE 18 Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following is supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991:
NOTE 19 Lease Commitments
Commitments under capital financial leases are capitalized with the obligation recorded at the present value of future rental payments. The related assets are amortized on a straight-line basis.
At December 31, 1993, future minimum rental payments due under leases were as follows:
Minimum future rental income under noncancelable subleases at December 31, 1993 amounted to $98 million.
Operating lease net rental expense for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 was as follows:
No restrictions on dividends or on additional debt or lease financing exist under ARCO's lease commitments. Under certain conditions, options and obligations exist to purchase certain leased properties.
NOTE 20 Lyondell Petrochemical Company
Lyondell Petrochemical Company (Lyondell) is engaged in the manufacture, refining and marketing of basic commodity chemicals, including ethylene, propylene, methanol and aromatics, and petroleum products.
At December 31, 1993, ARCO owned 49.9 percent of Lyondell common stock outstanding; ARCO accounts for this investment on the equity method. The market value of ARCO's shares of Lyondell common stock, based on the closing quoted market price at December 31, 1993, was $848 million.
Summarized financial information for Lyondell was as follows:
(a) Includes $278, $329 and $526 of sales to ARCO in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively, which approximated 4%, 5% and 8% of ARCO's purchases in those years. (b) ARCO's investment in Lyondell comprises 49.9% of Lyondell's stockholders' deficit plus $72 of dividends received in excess of basis of investment.
NOTE 21 Financial Instruments; Fair Value and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:
The carrying amount of cash equivalents, short-term investments and notes payable approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.
The fair value of other investments and long-term receivables was estimated primarily based on quoted market prices for those or similar investments. At December 31, 1993 and 1992, the fair value of other investments and long-term receivables approximated carrying value.
The fair value of ARCO's long-term debt was estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to ARCO for debt of the same remaining maturities. At December 31, 1993 and 1992, the fair value of long-term debt, including long-term debt due within one year, was $8,307 million and $7,570 million, respectively.
The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts and derivatives was estimated by obtaining quotes from brokers. Fair value of these instruments at December 31, 1993 and 1992, approximated carrying value.
At December 31, 1993 and 1992, ARCO had foreign currency forward contracts and foreign cross-currency contracts outstanding, which mature at various dates, to reduce exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. The aggregate contract value of instruments used to buy U.S. dollars in exchange for Australian dollars was approximately $483 million and $367 million at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively. The aggregate contract value of instruments used to sell European currencies and Japanese yen in exchange for Deutsche marks, U.S. dollars and functional currencies of ARCO's European operations was approximately $24 million and $65 million at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively. Additionally, ARCO had outstanding foreign currency swaps which mature at various dates through 1994, to sell approximately 187 million French francs for $35 million at both December 31, 1993 and 1992.
At December 31, 1993 and 1992, approximately $355 million and $405 million, respectively, of the long-term debt was denominated in foreign currencies. To reduce the exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, ARCO entered into a swap agreement on an 18 billion yen debt issue due in 1996 which fixes the principal balance at $102 million with an effective rate of 8.14 percent. At December 31, 1993, ARCO had outstanding interest rate swaps on two loans totalling 300 million Dutch guilders due in 1997 (one loan for 150 million Dutch guilders in 1992). This effectively changed both loans' floating interest rates to fixed rates of 5.70 percent and 6.71 percent (9.69 percent in 1992).
The counterparties to these transactions are major international financial institutions; ARCO does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.
NOTE 22 Unaudited Quarterly Results
(a) See Note 2. (b) The impact of cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles resulted in a net after-tax charge of ($392) million, or ($2.43) per share. (c) Includes $100 million benefit from reduced taxes resulting from adjustments for capital transactions and revisions of previously accrued taxes.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Oil and Gas Producing Activities
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) defines proved oil and gas reserves as those estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods.
ARCO reports reserve estimates to various federal government agencies and commissions. These estimates may cover various regions of crude oil and natural gas classifications within the United States and may be subject to mandated definitions. There have been no reports of total ARCO reserve estimates furnished to federal government agencies or commissions which vary from those reported to the SEC since the beginning of the last fiscal year.
Estimated quantities of ARCO's proved oil and gas reserves were as follows:
The changes in proved reserves for the years ended December 31, 1991, 1992 and 1993 were as follows:
Significant changes to proved oil and gas reserves during 1993 were due to the addition of reserves from the Sirasun gas discovery in Indonesia, the Mustang Island gas discovery offshore Gulf of Mexico and the sale of Lower 48 oil and gas properties.
Estimates of petroleum reserves have been made by ARCO engineers. These estimates include reserves in which ARCO holds an economic interest under production-sharing and other types of operating agreements with foreign governments. These estimates do not include probable or possible reserves. Natural gas liquids comprise 12 percent of petroleum liquid proved reserves.
The sale of natural gas from the North Slope of Alaska, which is not used in providing fuel in North Slope operations or sold to others on the North Slope, is dependent upon construction of a natural gas transportation system or another marketing alternative. Such gas is not
included in ARCO's reserves. There are currently several projects under consideration, including the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System and the Trans Alaska Gas System. However, there are a number of regulatory, financial, legal and marketing questions regarding the projects that remain unresolved.
ARCO has studied various options for marketing North Slope gas over the past few years. However, ARCO Alaska believes that market conditions are not likely to permit implementation of any large gas sales project within the foreseeable future.
The aggregate amounts of capitalized costs relating to oil and gas producing activities and the related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization as of December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
Costs, both capitalized and expensed, incurred in oil and gas producing activities during the three years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities (including operating overhead) for the three years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
The difference between the above results of operations for 1993, 1992 and 1991 and the amounts reported for after-tax oil and gas segment earnings in Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is primarily marketing-related activities and the exclusion of gains
on property sales and unusual items related to the Lower 48 reorganization.
Information for 1992 and 1991 has been restated to conform to 1993 formats, primarily the reclassification of allocated overhead from production and exploration costs to other operating expenses and the removal of certain unusual items previously included.
The standardized measure of discounted estimated future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves at December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 was as follows:
Primary changes in the standardized measure of discounted estimated future net cash flows for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
Estimated future cash inflows are computed by applying year-end prices of oil and gas to year-end quantities of proved reserves. Future price changes are considered only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements. Estimated future development and production costs are determined by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil and gas reserves at the end of the year, based on year-end costs and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions. Estimated future income tax expense is calculated by applying year-end statutory tax rates (adjusted for permanent differences and tax credits) to estimated future pretax net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves, less the tax basis of the properties involved.
These estimates are furnished and calculated in accordance with requirements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the SEC. Because of unpredictable variances in expenses and capital forecasts, crude oil and natural gas price changes, largely influenced and controlled by U.S. and foreign governmental actions, and the fact that the bases for such estimates vary significantly, management believes the usefulness of these projections is limited. Estimates of future net cash flows presented do not represent management's assessment of future profitability or future cash flow to ARCO. Management's investment and operating decisions are based on reserve estimates that include proved reserves prescribed by the SEC as well as probable reserves, and on different price and cost assumptions from those used here.
It should be recognized that applying current costs and prices and a 10 percent standard discount rate does not convey absolute value. The discounted amounts arrived at are only one measure of the value of proved reserves.
Regarding the information on estimated reserve quantities and discounted future net cash flows, ARCO has no long-term supply contracts to purchase from foreign governments or any interest in equity affiliates involved in oil and gas producing activities.
Coal Operations
Supplemental operating statistics for the coal operations of ARCO for the three years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991 were as follows:
The significant change to reserves in 1992 was due to the acquisition of the West Black Thunder lease acreage.
ITEM 9.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
PART III
ITEM 10.

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
ITEM 11.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 12.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
ITEM 13.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding executive officers of the Company is included in Part I. For the other information called for by Items 10, 11, 12 and 13, reference is made to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held on May 2, 1994, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 1993, and which is incorporated herein by reference, except for the material included under the captions "Report of Compensation Committee" and "Performance Graph."
PART IV
ITEM 14.

ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS ARE FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT:
1 AND 2. Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules: These documents are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules.
3. Exhibits:
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Atlantic Richfield Company as amended through May 3,1993 filed herewith; proposed amendment to Certificate of Incorporation is included in Appendix A of Registrant's Proxy Statement dated March 14, 1994 (the "1994 Proxy Statement") filed with the Securities and Exchange Com- mission (the "Commission") under File No. 1-1196 and incorpo- rated herein by reference.
3.2 By-Laws of Atlantic Richfield Company as amended through Janu- ary 23, 1989 filed herewith.
4.1 Rights Agreement dated as of May 27, 1986 between the Company and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, as Rights Agent, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-A filed with the Commission under File No. 1-1196 on June 3, 1986, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.2 Indenture dated as of May 15, 1985 between the Company and The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 1985, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.3 Indenture, dated as of January 1, 1992, between the Company and The Bank of New York, filed as an exhibit, bearing the same number, to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 33-44925), filed with the Commission on January 6, 1992, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.4 Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt which is not registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are not filed because the total amount of securities authorized under any such instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the consolidated total assets of the Company. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Commis- sion upon request.
10.1(a) Atlantic Richfield Company Supplementary Executive Retirement Plan, as adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on March 26, 1990, and effective on October 1, 1990, filed as Ex- hibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1990, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.1(b) Amendment No. 1 to Atlantic Richfield Company Supplementary Executive Retirement Plan effective March 22, 1993, filed as Exhibit 10 to the Company's Form 10-Q Report for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1993, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.2(a) Atlantic Richfield Company Executive Deferral Plan, as adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on March 26, 1990 and effective on October 1, 1990, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1990, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.2(b) Amendment No. 1 to Atlantic Richfield Company Executive Defer- ral Plan effective July 27, 1992, filed as an exhibit, bearing the same number, to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1992, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.3 Atlantic Richfield Executive Medical Insurance Plan-Summary Plan Description, as in effect January 1, 1994, filed herewith.
10.4(a) Atlantic Richfield Company Executive Supplementary Savings Plan II, as amended, restated and effective on July 1, 1988, filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1988, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.4(b) Amendment No. 1 to Atlantic Richfield Company Executive Sup- plementary Savings Plan II as amended and effective on January 1, 1989, filed as Exhibit 10.6(b) to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1989, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.5 Atlantic Richfield Company Policy on Financial Counseling and Individual Income Tax Service, as revised effective January 1, 1991, filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1990, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.6 Annual Incentive Plan, as adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on November 26, 1984, and effective on that date, as amended through January 1, 1991, filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1990, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference; proposed amendment to the Annual Incentive Plan is included in Appendix B of Reg-istrant's 1994 Proxy Statement filed with the Commission under File No. 1-1196 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.7 Atlantic Richfield Company's 1985 Executive Long-Term Incen- tive Plan, as adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on May 28, 1985, and effective on that date, as amended through February 24, 1992, filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1991, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference, and as amended on Febru- ary 22, 1993 and effective on that date, filed as an exhibit bearing the same number, to the Company's 10-K Report for the year 1992, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.8 Atlantic Richfield Company Executive Life Insurance Plan--Sum- mary Plan Description, as in effect January 1, 1994, filed herewith.
10.9 Atlantic Richfield Company Executive Long-Term Disability Plan--Summary Plan Description, as in effect January 1, 1994, filed herewith.
10.10 Form of Indemnity Agreement adopted by the Board of Directors on January 26, 1987 and executed in February 1987 by the Com- pany and each of its directors and officers, included in Ex- hibit A to the 1987 Proxy Statement (filed with the Commission under File No. 1-1196) and incorporated herein by reference.
10.11 Exchange Agreement between Tosco Corporation and Atlantic Richfield Company dated October 2, 1986, as amended by letter dated November 5, 1986, filed as Exhibit 10.14, to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1986, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.12 Retirement Plan for Outside Directors effective October 1, 1990, as amended March 31, 1993, filed as Exhibit 10 to the Company's Form 10-Q Report for the quarterly period ended March 31, 1993, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13(a) Stock Option Plan for Outside Directors effective December 17, 1990, filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1990, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13(b) Amendment No. 1 to Stock Option Plan for Outside Directors effective June 22, 1992, filed as an exhibit, bearing the same number, to the Company's Form 10-K Report for the year 1992, File No. 1-1196, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.14 Special Incentive Plan, as adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on February 28, 1994, and effective on that date, is included in Appendix C of Registrant's Proxy State- ment filed with the Commission under File No. 1-1196 and in- corporated herein by reference.
22 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23 Consent of Coopers & Lybrand.
Copies of exhibits will be furnished upon prepayment of 25 cents per page. Requests should be addressed to the Corporate Secretary.
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K:
No Current Reports on Form 8-K were filed during the quarter ended December 31, 1993, and thereafter through March 1, 1994.
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following registration statements of Atlantic Richfield Company, Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-43830), Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-21558), Post- Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33- 21160), Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-23639), Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-21162), Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-21553), Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-23640), and Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-21552) of our report dated February 11, 1994, on our audits of the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules of Atlantic Richfield Company as of December 31, 1993 and 1992 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1993, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
COOPERS & LYBRAND
Los Angeles, California March 1, 1994
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 13 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THE REGISTRANT HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REPORT TO BE SIGNED ON ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED.
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY
/s/ Lodwrick M. Cook By ___________________________________ Lodwrick M. Cook Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
FEBRUARY 28, 1994
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THIS REPORT HAS BEEN SIGNED BELOW BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS ON BEHALF OF THE REGISTRANT AND IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
/s/ Lodwrick M. Cook Chairman of the February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Board, Chief Lodwrick M. Cook Principal executive Executive Officer officer and Director
/s/ Mike R. Bowlin President, Chief February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Operating Officer Mike R. Bowlin and Director
/s/ Ronald J. Arnault Executive Vice February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- President, Chief Ronald J. Arnault Principal Financial Officer financial officer and Director
/s/ James A. Middleton Executive Vice February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- President and James A. Middleton Director
/s/ William E. Wade, Jr. Executive Vice February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- President and William E. Wade, Jr. Director
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
/s/ Frank D. Boren Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Frank D. Boren
/s/ Richard H. Deihl Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Richard H. Deihl
/s/ John Gavin Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- John Gavin
/s/ Hanna H. Gray Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Hanna H. Gray
/s/ Philip M. Hawley Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Philip M. Hawley
/s/ William F. Kieschnick Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- William F. Kieschnick
/s/ Kent Kresa Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Kent Kresa
/s/ David T. McLaughlin Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- David T. McLaughlin
/s/ John B. Slaughter Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- John B. Slaughter
/s/ Hicks B. Waldron Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Hicks B. Waldron
/s/ Henry Wendt Director February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Henry Wendt
/s/ Allan L. Comstock Vice President and February 28, 1994 - ------------------------------------- Controller Allan L. Comstock Principal accounting officer
SCHEDULE V
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V--PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(See footnotes on following page.)
SCHEDULE V (CONTINUED)
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V--PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------- (a) Primarily the sale of various oil and gas properties.
(b) Primarily dry hole costs charged to income.
(c) Primarily an equity translation adjustment at December 31, 1992 and dry hole costs charged to income.
(d) Primarily the reclassification of assets associated with the ARCO exploration and production technology division and dry hole costs charged to income.
(e) Primarily the Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company, Inc. assets transferred from deferred charges upon finalization of purchase.
(f) Primarily the reclassification of assets associated with the ARCO exploration and production technology division.
The methods used in computing the annual provision for depreciation, depletion and amortization of property, plant and equipment are presented in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements herein.
SCHEDULE VI
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VI--ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(See footnotes on following page.)
SCHEDULE VI (CONTINUED)
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VI--ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------- (a) Primarily the sale of various oil and gas properties.
(b) Primarily the writedown of various oil and gas properties and the Company's office building and parking structure in Dallas, Texas.
(c) Primarily the reclassification of assets associated with the ARCO exploration and production technology division.
SCHEDULE VIII
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VIII--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(See footnotes on following page.)
SCHEDULE VIII (CONTINUED)
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VIII--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------- (a) Write-off for uncollectible accounts, net of recoveries.
(b) Primarily a reclassification of pension liability.
SCHEDULE IX
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IX--SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------- (a) The average amount outstanding equals the sum of the amounts outstanding at each month-end divided by twelve.
(b) The weighted average interest rate equals the sum of each outstanding amount times its rate for each day in the period, divided by the total number of days in the period times the average amount outstanding during the period.