ITEM 1. BUSINESS
First Commonwealth Corporation (the "Registrant") was incorporated in 1967, under the laws of the State of Virginia to serve as an insurance holding company. At December 31, 1995, the parent, significant majority-owned subsidiaries and affiliates of the Registrant were as depicted on the following organizational chart:
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995
United Trust, Inc. ("UTI") is the ultimate controlling company. UTI owns 53% of United Trust Group ("UTG") and 30% of United Income, Inc. ("UII"). UII owns 47% of UTG. UTG owns 72% of First Commonwealth Corporation ("FCC"). FCC owns 100% of Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("UG"). UG owns 100% of United Security Assurance Company ("USA"). USA owns 84% of Appalachian Life Insurance Company ("APPL") and APPL owns 100% of Abraham Lincoln Insurance Company ("ABE").
(a) GENERAL
The Registrant and its subsidiaries (the "Company") operate principally in the individual life insurance business. The primary business of the Company has been the servicing of existing insurance business in force, the solicitation of new insurance business, and the acquisition of other companies in similar lines of business.
In September 1989, APPL acquired Farmers and Ranchers Life Insurance Company ("F&R"). This company was purchased primarily as a marketing opportunity. It had very few policies in force and limited assets. However, it is loosely affiliated with the Oklahoma Farmers Union which has over 300,000 members. The Company planned for F&R to market to these members.
On December 11, 1989, FCC acquired UG and Alliance Life Insurance Company ("ALLI"). At the time of this acquisition the Company effectively doubled in size to $230 million in assets. These companies also had marketing forces that had successfully written new business for the last few years prior to the acquisition.
(b) CHANGE IN CONTROL
On June 16, 1992, certain shareholders of CIC sold their CIC Shares to UTG in exchange for cash and promissory notes of UTG (the "UTG Notes") in the aggregate amount of $15,478,570.15. At the closing of the CIC Stock Purchase Agreement on June 16, 1992, UTG became the owner of 6,771 shares (approximately 77%) of CIC common stock and options to purchase 1,300 shares of CIC common stock. UTG exercised the options and became the holder of 8,071 shares (80%) of the outstanding stock of CIC. CIC then issued 315 shares of CIC common stock to UGIC and 2,730 shares of CIC common stock to FCC to extinguish debt, which reduced the percentage of CIC common stock held by UTG to 62%.
In a separate transaction, on June 16, 1992, UTG also purchased 729 shares (7%) of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of CIC from James E. Melville for a purchase price of $1,946.28 per share. The total purchase price for the shares was $1,418,840 evidenced by UTG's twenty year 8 1/2% promissory note in that amount. At the closing of this sale, UTG became the owner of approximately 67% of the outstanding shares of common stock of CIC.
CIC owned approximately 58% of the outstanding common stock of ITI, which, in turn, owned 100% of the outstanding common stock of ITAC. ITAC owned approximately 65% of the outstanding common stock of UGIC, which in turn owned approximately 93% of the outstanding common stock of FCC prior to the closing. At the closing, control of CIC changed from John K. Cantrell and Mildred G. Cantrell to UTG. Because of its stock ownership of CIC, UTG may be deemed, under the beneficial ownership rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to be the beneficial owner of the stock owned by CIC, ITI, ITAC, and UGIC. Therefore, at the date of the closing of the CIC Stock Purchase Agreement, the control of FCC also changed to UTG.
Also on June 16, 1992, pursuant to the terms of an FCC-UTG Stock Purchase Agreement, UTG contributed $6,000,000 of FCC Senior Debt for retirement and all of the outstanding capital stock of United Trust Assurance Company ("UTAC") and USA to FCC in exchange for the FCC Notes, $3,300,000 in cash and 11,134,000 shares of FCC common stock (the "FCC Shares"). Upon the issuance of the FCC Shares, in addition to the outstanding shares of FCC common stock which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by UTG, UTG will also have a direct ownership interest in the FCC Shares which represented approximately 45.74% of the issued and outstanding common stock of FCC.
(c) RESTRUCTURING OF AFFILIATES
The Company has taken several steps to streamline and simplify the corporate structure following the acquisitions.
On December 28, 1992, UG was the surviving company to a merger with Roosevelt National Life Insurance Company ("RNLIC"), United Trust Assurance Company ("UTAC") and Cimarron Life Insurance Company ("CIM"). On June 30, 1993, Alliance Life Insurance Company ("ALLI"), a subsidiary of UG, was merged into UG.
On March 30, 1994, Farmers and Ranchers Life Insurance Company ("F&R") was sold to an unrelated third party. F&R was a small life insurance company which did not significantly contribute to the operations of the group. F&R primarily represented a marketing opportunity. The Company determined it would not be able to allocate the time and resources necessary to properly develop the opportunity, due to continued focus and emphasis on certain other agency forces of the Company.
The transactions described below, which transpired during 1994, were necessary to position Universal Guaranty Investment Company ("UGIC"), Investors Trust, Inc. ("ITI") and Commonwealth Industries Corporation ("CIC") for liquidation and dissolution.
Pursuant to an Agreement of Merger dated July 7, 1994 between Investors Trust Assurance Company, an Illinois life insurance company ("ITAC"), and ALIC, on July 31, 1994, ITAC merged with and into ALIC and ALIC was the surviving company. On the effective date of the merger, ALIC succeeded to all the rights and property of ITAC and assumed all of the liabilities and obligations and became subject to all of the debts of ITAC in the same manner as if ALIC had itself incurred them. The merger was approved by the Illinois Director of Insurance.
Prior to the merger of ITAC with and into ALIC, ITAC was a wholly owned subsidiary of ITI. ITAC owned 1,549,549 (approximately 66%) of the issued and outstanding common stock of UGIC. Prior to July 31, 1994, ITI was the indirect beneficial owner of the shares of UGIC common stock directly owned by ITAC. On July 31, immediately prior to the effectiveness of the merger of ITAC with and into ALIC, ITI purchased 758,946 shares of the UGIC common stock owned by ITAC. The total purchase price was $2,276,793. On July 31, 1994, ITAC also transferred to ITI at no cost 790,603 shares of the common stock of the Company. On such date, ITI became the direct beneficial owner of all 1,549,549 shares of the common stock of UGIC. In order to purchase the 758,946 shares of UGIC common stock, ITI received a loan from UTI and UII in the aggregate principal amount of $2,164,293. ITI transferred 721,431 shares of the common stock of UGIC that it purchased from ITAC to UTI and UII in payment of the loan. These shares were then contributed by UTI and UII to their subsidiary, UTG.
The balance sheet of Commonwealth Industries Corporation for the period ended July 31, 1994, included liabilities in the aggregate amount of $402,861 comprised of a future liability under a consulting agreement, escheat funds and an account payable. On July 31, 1994, these liabilities were assumed by UTG in exchange for 1,558,318 shares of the common stock of ITI.
The balance sheet of UGIC for the period ended July 31, 1994, included liabilities in the aggregate amount of $461,102. On July 31, 1994, these liabilities were assumed by UTG in exchange for 106,392 shares of the common stock of FCC and 315 shares of the common stock of CIC. The FCC shares transferred reduced UGIC's percentage ownership of FCC from 50.396% to 49.959%.
Prior to these transactions, UGIC, ITI and CIC each had liabilities in excess of assets excluding the stock holdings of their respective subsidiary. The 1994 transactions enabled the companies to extinguish their liabilities.
On August 15, 1995, the shareholders of CIC, ITI, and UGIC voted to voluntarily liquidate each of the companies and distribute the assets to the shareholders (consisting solely of common stock of their respective subsidiary). As a result of the liquidations, the shareholders of each company became shareholders of FCC, following the liquidations, UTG holds 72% of the common stock of FCC.
PRODUCTS
The Company's portfolio consists of three universal life insurance products. The primary universal life insurance product is referred to as the "Century 2000". This product was introduced to the marketing force in 1993 and has become the cornerstone of current marketing. This product has a minimum face amount of $25,000. The product currently credits 6% interest with a guaranteed rate of 4.5% in the first 20 years and 3% in years 21 and greater. The policy values are subject to a $4.50 monthly policy fee, an administrative load and a premium load of 6.5% in all years. The administrative load and surrender charge are based on the issue age, sex and rating class of the policy. A surrender charge is effective for the first 14 policy years. In general, the surrender charge is very high in the first couple of years and then declines to zero at the end of 14 years. Policy loans are available at 7% interest in advance. The policy's accumulated fund will be credited the guaranteed interest rate in relation to the amount of the policy loan.
The second product, referred to as the "Eagle USL 400" has a minimum face amount of $50,000 with a 3% load on all premiums and a policy fee of $4.75 per month. This product is sold at issue ages of 0-18. The Eagle USL 400 currently credits 6% interest and 4% guaranteed interest rate. Partial withdrawals are allowed after the first policy duration. Partial withdrawals are allowed once a year subject to a $25 fee. Partial withdrawals are subject to a minimum of $500 cash surrender value remaining. Policy loans are charged 8% interest in arrears with the loaned value receiving the 4% guaranteed rate. Surrender charges are based on a percentage of target premium starting at 150% for years 1-5 and decreasing 10% each year thereafter until year 15 when it becomes zero.
The third universal life product was designed in 1990 and introduced for sale in the fourth quarter of that year. This product, referred to as the "UL90A", has a minimum face amount of $25,000. The administrative load is based on the issue age, sex and rating class of the policy. Policy fees vary from $1 per month in the first year to $4 per month in the second and third years and $3 per month each year thereafter. The UL90A currently credits 6% interest and 4.5% guaranteed interest rate. Partial withdrawals are allowed after the first duration. Partial withdrawals are allowed once a year subject a $25 fee. A partial withdrawal is subject to a minimum of $500 cash surrender value remaining. Policy loans are available at 7% interest in advance. The policy's accumulated fund will be credited the guaranteed interest rate in relation to the amount of the policy loan. Surrender charges are based on a percentage of target premium starting at 120% for years 1-5 then grading downward to zero in year 15. This policy contains a guaranteed interest credit bonus for the long term policyholder. From years 10 through 20, additional interest bonuses are earned with a total in the twentieth year of 1.375%. The bonus is calculated from the policy issue date and is contractually guaranteed.
The Company markets other products, none of which is significant to the operations of the Company. In late 1994, the Company discontinued marketing interest sensitive whole life insurance and traditional participating whole life insurance policies. The Company has a variety of policies in force different from those which are currently being marketed. Approximately 34% of the insurance in force is participating business. The Company's average persistency rate for all policies in force for 1995 and 1994 has been approximately 87.5% and 86.3%, respectively. The Company does not anticipate any material fluctuations in these
rates in the future that may result from competition.
The Company's experience for earned interest, persistency and mortality vary from the assumptions applied to pricing and determining premiums. Accordingly, differences between the Company's experience and those assumptions applied may impact the profitability of the Company. The minimum interest spread between earned and credited rates is 1% on the "Century 2000" universal life insurance product, the Company's primary product. The Company monitors investment yields, and when necessary takes action to reduce credited interest rates on its insurance products to preserve targeted interest spreads. Credited rates are reviewed and established by the Board of Directors.
The premium rates are competitive with other insurers doing business in the states in which the Company is marketing its products.
MARKETING
The Company markets its products through separate and distinct agency forces. The Company has approximately 100 independent agents who actively write new business. No individual sales agent accounted for over 10% of the Company's premium volume in 1995. The Company's sales agents do not have the power to bind the Company.
The change in marketing strategy from traditional life insurance products to universal life insurance products had a significant impact on new business production. As a result of the change in marketing strategy the agency force went through a restructure and retraining process. Marketing is based on a referral network of community leaders and shareholders of UII and UTI. Recruiting of new agents is also based on the same referral network.
New sales are marketed by UG and USA through their agency forces using contemporary sales approaches with personal computer illustrations. Current marketing efforts are primarily focused on the Midwest region.
Recruiting agents is based on obtaining people with little or no experience in the life insurance business. These recruits go through an extensive internal training program.
USA is licensed in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. During 1995, Ohio accounted for 99% of USA's direct premiums collected.
ALIC is licensed in Alabama, Arizona, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana and Missouri. During 1995, Illinois and Indiana accounted for 47% and 33%, respectively of ALIC's direct premiums collected.
APPL is licensed in Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia and Wyoming. During 1995, West Virginia accounted for 95% of APPL's direct premiums collected.
UG is licensed in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin. During 1995, Illinois and Ohio accounted for 32% and 16%, respectively, of UG's direct premiums collected. No other states account for more than 6% of UG's direct premiums collected.
UNDERWRITING
Policies are issued by the Company based upon underwriting practices established for each market in which the Company operates. Most policies are individually underwritten. Applications for insurance are reviewed to determine additional information required to make an underwriting decision, which depends on the amount of insurance applied for and the applicant's age and medical history. Additional information may include medical examinations, statements from doctors who have treated the applicant in the past and, where indicated, special medical tests. After reviewing the information collected, the Company either issues the policy as applied for or rejects the application.
RESERVES AND REINSURANCE
The Company establishes reserves for future policy benefits, unearned premiums, reported claims and claims incurred but not reported. Such reserves are based on regulatory accounting requirements and generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company reinsures its insurance products with other insurance companies under agreements of reinsurance. Reinsurance agreements are intended to limit the Company's maximum loss and provide other financial benefits. The ceding of reinsurance does not discharge the Company's primary liability to the insured, however it is the practice of insurers to reduce their financial statement liabilities to the extent that they have been reinsured with other insurance companies.
In selecting a reinsurance company, the Company examines many factors including:
1) Whether the reinsurer is licensed in the states in which reinsurance coverage is being sought;
2) the solvency and stability of the company. One source utilized is the rating given the reinsurer by the A.M. Best Company, an insurance industry rating company. Another source is the statutory annual statement of the reinsurer;
3) the history and reputation of the Company;
4) competitive pricing of reinsurance coverage. The Company generally seeks quotes from several reinsurers when considering a new treaty.
On existing reinsurance treaties, the Company monitors reinsurers through sources such as, the ratings provided by the A.M. Best Company, reinsurer financial statements and industry publications and literature.
In December 1991, UG entered into a 50% coinsurance arrangement with Republic Vanguard Life Insurance Company to enable the Company to maintain increased production levels while containing first year statutory costs. The ceding of new business under this treaty was terminated December 31, 1993. Republic Vanguard holds an "A" (Excellent) rating from A. M. Best, an industry rating company. The coinsurance arrangement, which was effective January 1, 1991, allowed UG to cede to Republic Vanguard a 50% quota share of all new universal life policies issued after the effective date through date of termination. UG receives a commission allowance of 11% of excess premium and renewal premium. Monies pertaining to the coinsurance arrangement are settled monthly. The agreement contains a provision whereby risks in excess of UG's retention ($125,000 maximum) are transferred to the reinsurer. Risks are transferred under an automatic ceding arrangement up to $1,000,000 and a facultative arrangement for amounts in excess of $1,000,000.
In December 1993, UG entered into reinsurance agreements with Business Men's Assurance Company, ("BMA") and Life Reassurance Corporation, ("LIFE RE"). BMA and LIFE RE each hold an "A+" (Superior) rating from A.M. Best, an industry rating company. The reinsurance arrangement was effective December 1, 1993, and covered all new business of the Company. The agreements are a yearly renewable term ("YRT") treaty where the Company cedes amounts above its retention limit of $100,000 with a minimum cession of $25,000.
During 1993, USA entered into a coinsurance agreement with LIFE RE. The coinsurance arrangement allows USA to cede to LIFE RE a 50% quota share of the traditional participating policies issued by USA after the effective date of July 1, 1992. USA entered into the arrangement to enable the Company to maintain increased production levels while containing first year statutory costs. USA receives commission allowances of 150% of first year premium, 27% of second year premium, 32% of third year premium and 37% of fourth year and beyond. Monies pertaining to the coinsurance arrangement are settled monthly.
The Company does not have any short-duration reinsurance contracts. The effect of the Company's long duration reinsurance contracts on premiums earned in 1995, 1994 and 1993 was as follows:
Shown in thousands 1995 1994 1993 Premiums Premiums Premiums Earned Earned Earned
Assumed 0 0 0 Ceded (5,203) (5,627) (8,630) Net premiums $ 29,998 $ 32,284 $ 30,727
As a result of amounts ceded to under reinsurance treaties, total life insurance in force was reduced by approximately $1.088 billion and $1.217 billion at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Ceded reinsurance premiums as a percentage of gross premium revenues were 15%, 15% and 22% in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
INVESTMENTS
Effective December 1992, the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors retained Alpha Advisors, Inc., of Chicago, Illinois, a registered investment advisor, to assist the Company in managing its investment portfolio. The Company may modify its present investment strategy at any time, provided its strategy continues to be in compliance with the limitations of state insurance department regulations.
Investment income represents a significant portion of the Company's total income. Investments are subject to applicable state insurance laws and regulations which limit the concentration of investments in any one category or class and further limit the investment in any one issuer. Generally, these limitations are imposed as a percentage of statutory assets or percentage of statutory capital and surplus of each company.
The following table reflects net investment income by type of investment.
December 31, 1995 1994 1993 Fixed maturities and fixed maturities held for sale $ 13,292,552 $ 12,174,226 $ 10,759,045 Equity securities 52,445 3,999 228,762 Mortgage loans 1,257,189 1,408,558 1,708,842 Real estate 975,080 990,857 968,620 Policy loans 1,041,900 978,555 954,609 Short term investments 498,496 412,135 1,068,313 Collateral loans 0 0 5,121 Other 143,527 135,051 175,873 Total consolidated investment income 17,261,189 16,103,381 15,869,185 Investment expense (1,761,438) (1,914,920) (1,781,476) Consolidated net investment income $ 15,499,751 $ 14,188,461 $ 14,087,709
At December 31, 1995, the Company had a total of $7,703,000 of investments which did not produce income during 1995. The investments were comprised of $6,894,000 in real estate including its home office property and $809,000 in equity securities.
The following table summarizes the Company's fixed maturities distribution at December 31, 1995 and 1994 by ratings category as issued by Standard and Poor's, a leading ratings analyst.
Fixed Maturities
Rating % of Portfolio 1995 1994 Investment grade AAA 27% 23% AA 14% 9% A 48% 58% BBB 11% 10% Below investment grade 0% 0% 100% 100%
The following table summarizes the Company's fixed maturity holdings and fixed maturities held for sale by major classifications.
Carrying Value 1995 1994 U.S. government and government agencies $ 29,209,267 $ 22,736,183 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 7,597,203 8,021,951 Collateralized mortgage obligations 15,428,596 19,114,044 Public utilities 59,219,088 57,587,697 Corporate 82,330,372 79,804,491 $ 193,784,526 $187,264,366
The following table shows the composition and average maturity of the Company's investment portfolio at December 31, 1995.
Carrying Average Average Investments Value Maturity Yield
Fixed maturities and fixed maturities held for sale. . . . . $193,784,526 5 years 6.98% Equity securities. . . . . . . . . 1,946,481 not applicable 3.67% Mortgage loans . . . . . . . . . . 13,891,762 11 years 8.46% Investment real estate . . . . . . 17,015,988 not applicable 5.63% Policy loans . . . . . . . . . . . 16,941,359 not applicable 6.26% Short term investments . . . . . . 425,000 190 days 5.01% Total Investments . . . . . . . . $244,005,116 7.10%
At December 31, 1995, fixed maturities and fixed maturities held for sale have a market value of $202,179,000. Fixed maturities are carried at amortized cost. It is management's intent to hold these securities until maturity. Fixed maturities held for sale are carried at market.
The Company holds approximately $425,000 in short term investments. Other investments include fixed maturities and mortgage loans of $10,753,000 and $523,000 respectively, maturing in one year and $89,405,000 and $2,420,000, respectively, maturing in two to five years, which in the opinion of management is sufficient to meet the Company's cash requirements.
The Company holds approximately $13,892,000 in mortgage loans which represents 4% of the total assets. All mortgage loans are first position loans. Before a new loan is issued, the applicant is subject to certain criteria set forth by Company management to ensure quality control. These criteria include, but are not limited to, personal financial information such as outstanding debt, sources of income, and personal equity. A credit report is also obtained. Loans issued are limited to no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property, and the loan must have first position against the collateral.
The Company has $618,000 of mortgage loans, net of a $10,000 reserve allowance, which are in default or in the process of foreclosure. These loans represent approximately 4% of the total portfolio. The Company has three loans that total approximately $102,000 which are under a repayment plan. Letters are sent to each mortgagee when the loan becomes 30 days or more delinquent. Loans 90 days or more delinquent are placed on a non-performing status and classified as delinquent loans. Reserves for loan losses are established based on management's analysis of the loan balances compared to the expected realizable value should foreclosure take place. Loans are placed on a non-accrual status based on a quarterly analysis of the likelihood of repayment. All delinquent and troubled loans held by the Company were loans held in portfolios by acquired companies at the time of acquisition. Management believes the internal controls surrounding, the mortgage loan selection process have provided a quality portfolio with minimal risk of foreclosure and/or negative financial impact.
The Company has in place a monitoring system to provide management with information regarding potential troubled loans. Management is provided with a monthly listing of loans that are 30 days or more past due along with a brief description of what steps are being taken to resolve the delinquency. Quarterly, coinciding with external financial reporting, the Company determines how each delinquent loan should be classified. All loans 90 days or more
past due are classified as delinquent. Each delinquent loan is reviewed to determine the classification and status the loan should be given. Interest accruals are analyzed based on the likelihood of repayment. In no event will interest continue to accrue when accrued interest along with the outstanding principal exceeds the net realizable value of the property. The Company does not utilize a specified number of days delinquent to cause an automatic non-accrual status.
The mortgage loan reserve is established and adjusted based on management's quarterly analysis of the portfolio and any deterioration in value of the underlying property which would reduce the net realizable value of the property below its current carrying value.
In addition, the Company also monitors that the insurance on the property is being maintained. The Company requires proof of insurance on each loan and further requires to be shown as a lienholder on the policy so that any change in coverage status is reported to the Company. Proof of payment of real estate taxes is another monitoring technique utilized by the Company. Management believes a change in insurance status or non-payment of real estate taxes are indicators that a loan is potentially troubled. Correspondence with the mortgagee is performed to determine the reasons for either of these events occurring.
The following table shows a distribution of mortgage loans by type.
Mortgage Loans Amount % of Total FHA/VA $ 785,973 6% Commercial $ 3,329,884 24% Residential $ 9,775,905 70%
The following table shows the geographic distribution of the mortgage loan portfolio and real estate held. Mortgage Real Loans Estate Colorado 2% 0% Illinois 20% 54% Kansas 12% 0% Louisiana 13% 10% Mississippi 0% 21% Missouri 2% 1% North Carolina 5% 6% Oklahoma 6% 1% Virginia 4% 3% West Virginia 32% 3% Other 4% 1% Total 100% 100%
The following table summarizes delinquent mortgage loan holdings.
Delinquent 31 Days or More 1995 1994 1993
Non-accrual status $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Other 628,000 911,000 1,011,000 Reserve on delinquent loans (10,000) (26,000) (300,000) Total Delinquent $ 618,000 $ 885,000 $ 711,000
Interest income foregone (Delinquent loans) $ 16,000 $ 4,000 $ 33,700
In Process of Restructuring $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Restructuring on other than market terms 0 0 0
Other potential problem loans 0 0 0
Total Problem Loans $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Interest income foregone (Restructured loans) $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
See Item 2, Properties, for description of real estate holdings.
COMPETITION
The insurance business is highly competitive and there are a number of other companies, both stock and mutual, doing business in areas where the Company operates. Many of these competing insurers are larger, have more diversified lines of insurance coverage, have substantially greater financial resources and have a greater number of agents. Other significant competitive factors include policy holder benefits, service to policyholders, and premium rates.
The products offered (see Products) are similar to those offered by other major companies. The product features are regulated by the states and are subject to extensive competition among major insurance organizations. The Company believes a strong service commitment to policy holders, efficiency and flexibility of operations, timely service to the agency force and the expertise of its key executives help minimize the competitive pressures of the insurance industry.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
In common with all domestic insurance companies, the Company is subject to regulation and supervision in the jurisdictions in which it does business under statutes which typically delegate regulatory, supervisory and administrative powers to state insurance commissions. USA, UG, APPL and ALIC are domiciled in the states of Ohio, Ohio, West Virginia and Illinois, respectively. The method of regulation varies, but generally, regulation relates to the
licensing of insurers and their agents, nature of and limitations on investments, approval of policy forms, reserve requirements, standards of solvency, deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders, periodic examination of insurers, and trade practices.
Most states also have insurance holding company statutes which require registration and periodic reporting by insurance companies controlled by other corporations licensed to transact business within their respective jurisdictions. The insurance subsidiaries are subject to such legislation and are registered as controlled insurers in those jurisdictions in which such registration is required. Statutes vary from state to state but typically require periodic disclosure concerning the corporation that controls the registered insurers and all subsidiaries of such corporation. In addition, prior notice to, or approval by, the state insurance commission of material intercorporate transfers of assets, reinsurance agreements, management agreements (see Note 9 to Notes to Financial Statements), and payment of dividends (see Note 2 to Notes to Financial Statements) in excess of specified amounts by the insurance subsidiary within the holding company system are required.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) is an association whose membership consists of the insurance commissioners or their designees of the various states. The NAIC has no direct regulatory authority over insurance companies. The primary purpose of the NAIC is to provide a more consistent method of regulation and reporting from state to state. This is accomplished through the issuance of model regulations, which can be adopted by the individual state as presented, modified to meet the state's own needs or requirements, or dismissed entirely.
Each year the NAIC prepares financial ratio results (commonly referred to as IRIS ratios) for each company. These ratios compare various financial information pertaining to the statutory balance sheet and income statement. The results are then compared to pre-established normal ranges determined by the NAIC. Results outside the range typically require explanation to the domiciliary insurance department.
At year end 1995, UG had two ratios outside the norm. The first ratio compared investment in affiliates to total capital and surplus. At December 31, 1995, UG had an investment in affiliate (USA) slightly greater than capital and surplus. It is believed that this ratio will be outside the normal range in future periods, but is not considered by management to be an issue as both companies are under common control.
The second ratio related to the decrease in premium. The ratio fell outside the norm due to the significant reduction in first year business compared to the prior year. Management does not believe that this ratio will be outside the normal range in future periods.
The NAIC has adopted Risk Based Capital ("RBC") rules, which became effective December 31, 1993, to evaluate the adequacy of statutory capital and surplus in relation to a company's investment and insurance risks. The RBC formula reflects the level of risk of invested assets and the types of insurance products. The formula classifies company risks into four categories:
1) Asset risk - the risk of loss of principal due to default through creditor bankruptcy or decline in market value for assets reported at market.
2) Pricing inadequacy - the risk of adverse mortality, morbidity, and expense experience in relation to pricing assumptions.
3) Asset and liability mismatch - the risk of having to reinvest funds when market yields fall below levels guaranteed to contract holders, and the risk of having to sell assets when market yields are above the levels at which the assets were purchased.
4) General risk - the risk of fraud, mismanagement, and other business risks.
The RBC formula will be used by the states as an early warning tool to identify weakly capitalized companies for the purpose of initiating regulatory action. Generally, the RBC requirements provide for four different levels of regulatory attention depending upon the ratio of a company's total adjusted capital (defined as the total of its statutory capital, surplus and asset valuation reserve) to its RBC. The "Company Action Level" is triggered if a company's total adjusted capital is less than 100% but greater than or equal to 75% of its Company Action Level RBC. At The Company Action Level, the company must submit a comprehensive plan to the regulatory authority which discusses proposed corrective actions to improve its capital position. The "Regulatory Action Level" is triggered if a company's total adjusted capital is less than 75% but greater than or equal to 50% of its Company Action Level RBC. At the Regulatory Action Level, the regulatory authority will perform a special examination if the company's total adjusted capital is less than 50% but greater than or equal to 35% of its Company Action Level RBC, and the regulatory authority may take any action it deems necessary, including placing the company under regulatory control. The "Mandatory Control Level" is triggered if a company's total adjusted capital is less than 35% of its Company Action Level RBC, and the regulatory authority mandates that the company be placed under its control. At December 31, 1995, each of the Company's insurance subsidiaries has a Ratio in excess of 250% of the authorized control level; accordingly the subsidiaries meet the RBC requirements.
The NAIC has proposed a new Model Investment Law that may affect the statutory carrying values of certain investments; however, the final outcome of that proposal is not certain, nor is it possible to predict what impact the proposal will have or whether the proposal will be adopted in the foreseeable future.
The current statutory accounting treatment of DAC taxes results in an understatement of companies' surplus. These taxes result from a law that approximates acquisition expenses and then spreads the corresponding deductions over a period of years. The result is a DAC tax which is collected immediately and subsequently returned through deductions in later years.
EMPLOYEES
There are approximately 110 persons who are employed by the Company and its affiliates.
ITEM 2.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The following table shows the distribution of real estate by type.
Real Estate Amount % of Total Home Office $ 2,759,115 16% Commercial $ 2,680,318 16% Residential development $ 6,244,142 37% Foreclosed real estate $ 5,332,413 31%
Real estate holdings, net of accumulated depreciation of $3,254,000 and $3,007,000 at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively, represent approximately 5% of the total assets. The Company owns an office complex in Springfield, Illinois, which houses the primary insurance operations. The office buildings contain 57,000 square feet of office and warehouse space. During 1991, the Company completed construction on a new 20,000 square foot office building adjacent to its existing buildings to house part of the Company's operations.
16, 1994. All of the suits allege that the plaintiff was libeled by statements made in a letter sent by UG. The letter was sent to persons who had been issued life insurance policies by UG as the result of policy applications submitted by the five agents. Mr. Melville is a defendant in some of the suits because he signed the letter as president of UG.
In addition to the defamation count, Mr. Freeman alleges that UG breached a contract by failing to pay his commissions for policies issued. Mr. Freeman claims unpaid commissions of $104,000. In the libel claim, Mr. Freeman claims compensatory damages of over $5,000,000, punitive damages of over $3,000,000, costs, and litigation expenses. The other plaintiffs request the award of unspecified compensatory damages and punitive (or special) damages as well as costs and attorney's fees. UG has filed Answers to all of these suits asserting various defenses and, where appropriate, counterclaims. UG believes that it has no liability to any of the plaintiffs and intends to defend each of the suits vigorously. The Freeman suit is scheduled for trial April 8, 1996.
Jeffrey Ploskonka, Keith Bohn and Paul Phinney v. Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company (Circuit Court of the Seventh Judicial Circuit Sangamon County, Illinois Case No.: 95-L-0213)
On March 9, 1995 a lawsuit was filed against Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company on behalf of three insureds and a potential class of other insureds. The Plaintiffs allege that UG violated the insurance contract in attempting to cancel life insurance contracts. Additionally, the Plaintiffs assert violations of Illinois law alleging vexations and unreasonable insurance practices, breach of duty of good faith and fair dealing, and that Illinois consumer fraud laws have been violated. The Plaintiffs seek unspecified compensatory damages, injunctive relief, attorneys' fees, statutory damages in an amount up to $25,000, punitive damages of $1,000,000, and other equitable relief. UG filed an Answer to this lawsuit in May 1995, asserting various defenses and reserving the right to assert counterclaims. UG has also filed motions to dismiss certain allegations and claims made in the lawsuit. UG believes it has no liability to any of the plaintiffs, or other potential class members, and intends to defend the lawsuit vigorously. In June 1995, the court conditionally certified a class of non-settling insureds.
The Company and its subsidiaries are named as defendants in a number of legal actions arising primarily from claims made under insurance policies. Those actions have been considered in establishing the Company's liabilities. Management and its legal counsel are of the opinion that the settlement of those actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
ITEM 4.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS OF A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
PART II
ITEM 5.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMPANY'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED SECURITY HOLDERS MATTERS
FCC STOCK INFORMATION
The Company's common stock is traded in the over-the-counter market. The following table shows the high and low bid quotations for each quarterly period during the past two years as reported by Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., a market maker in such stock. Such quotations represent inter-dealer quotations and do not include retail markup or markdown or commission nor do they represent actual sales. Trading in this stock is very limited.
PERIOD LOW HIGH First quarter 1/16 1/8 Second quarter 1/8 1/8 Third quarter 1/8 1/8 Fourth quarter 1/16 1/8
PERIOD LOW HIGH First quarter 1/16 3/16 Second quarter 1/16 3/16 Third quarter 1/16 1/8 Fourth quarter 1/16 1/8
The Company did not pay any dividends during 1995 or 1994. Limitations on shareholders dividends are described in Note 2 of the Notes to Financial Statements.
Number of Common Shareholders as of March 6, 1996
16,632
ITEM 6.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries have three principal needs for cash - the insurance company's contractual obligations to policyholders, the payment of operating expenses and servicing of its long-term debt. Cash and cash equivalents as a percentage of total assets were 4% and 3% as of December 31, 1995, and 1994, respectively. Fixed maturities as a percentage of total invested assets were 78% and 77% as of December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Fixed maturities increased 4% in 1995 compared to 1994. Investing cash and cash equivalents in fixed maturities allowed the Company to increase investment yield on these monies by extending time to maturity while maintaining cash balances at an adequate level to meet the Company's short term obligations.
The Company holds approximately $425,000 in short term investments with other investments maturing at varying times including bonds and mortgage loans of $10,753,000 and $523,000, respectively, maturing in one year and $89,405,000 and $2,420,000, respectively, maturing in two to five years, which in the opinion of management is sufficient to meet the Company's cash requirements.
Consolidated operating activities of the Company produced negative cash flows of ($5,957,000), ($4,593,000) and ($6,517,000) in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. The net cash provided by operating activities plus interest credited to account balances and net policyholder contract deposits after the payment of policyholder withdrawals, equalled $9,701,000 in 1995, $9,555,000 in 1994, and $10,810,000 in 1993. Management believes this measurement of cash flows more accurately indicates the performance of the Company's insurance operations, since reporting regulations require cash inflows and outflows from universal life insurance products to be shown as financing activities.
Cash used in investing activities was ($8,030,000), ($26,847,000) and ($23,913,000), for 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. The most significant aspect of investing activities is the fixed maturity transactions. Fixed maturities account for 76%, 78% and 88% of the total cost of investments acquired in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. The Company has not directed its investable funds to so-called "junk bonds" or derivative investments. The cash used by investing activities in the last three years was provided by investing excess cash and cash equivalents and financing activities.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $14,752,000, $12,142,000 and $14,621,000 for 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. Policyholder contract deposits increased 8% in 1995 compared to 1994, and decreased 4% in 1994 when compared to 1993. The increase between 1995 and 1994 is due to the change in marketing focus of the Company. All of the Company's agency forces is marketing universal life insurance products. The change between 1994 and 1993 is a normal fluctuation in marketing of the Company's universal life products. Policyholder contract withdrawals has increased 7% in 1995 compared to 1994, and increased 10% in 1994 compared to 1993. The increase in 1995 and 1994 is not attributable to any one significant event. Factors that may be causing the increase are the fluctuation of interest rates, competition and other economic factors. The Company's current marketing strategy and portfolio is directly structured to conserve the existing customer base and at the same time increase the customer base through new policy production.
Interest credited to account balances increased 12% in 1995 compared to 1994, and decreased 14% when comparing 1994 to 1993. The increase in 1995 is due to the increase in policyholder contract deposits. The decrease in 1994 is due to a reduction in credited interest rates on the Company's insurance products in January 1994. It takes approximately one year to fully realize a change in credited rates, as such a change becomes effective on each policy's next anniversary. Insurance products that the Company is issuing are crediting 6% interest. The Company does not have any immediate plans to change product interest rates.
The payment of cash dividends to shareholders is not legally restricted. At December 31, 1995, substantially all of the consolidated shareholders equity represents net assets of its subsidiaries. FCC'S primary needs for cash are for payments related to its servicing of its long-term debt. FCC is able to meet these cash needs through monies received from its life insurance subsidiaries from management and cost sharing arrangements and through dividends. Insurance company dividend payments are regulated by the state insurance department where the company is domiciled. UG's dividend limitations are described below.
Ohio domiciled insurance companies require five days prior notification to the insurance commissioner for the payment of an ordinary dividend. Ordinary dividends are defined as the greater of: a) prior year statutory earnings or b) 10% of statutory capital and surplus. For the year ended December 31, 1995, UG had a statutory gain from operations of $3,197,000. At December 31, 1995, UG's statutory capital and surplus amounted to $7,274,000. Extraordinary dividends (amounts in excess of ordinary dividend limitations) require prior approval of the insurance commissioner and are not restricted to a specific calculation.
The Company's Senior Debt bears interest equal to 1% over the variable per annum rate most recently announced by the First Bank of Missouri as its "Base Rate". As of March 1, 1996, the "Base Rate" was 8.25%. The principal balance of the Company's Senior Debt is payable in installments on June 1st of each year. On December 2, 1994, the Company prepaid $2,000,000 of the $2,900,000 scheduled principal payment due June 1, 1995. On March 1, 1995, the Company prepaid the remaining $900,000 of the June 1, 1995 scheduled principal payment. On January 31, 1996, the Company prepaid $1,500,000 of the $3,900,000 scheduled principal payment due June 1, 1996.
Management believes the overall sources of liquidity available will be sufficient to satisfy its financial obligations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
1995 COMPARED TO 1994
(a) REVENUES
Total revenue decreased 2% when comparing 1995 to 1994.
Premium income, net of reinsurance premium, decreased 7% when comparing 1995 to 1994. The decrease is primarily attributable to the decrease in new business production and the change in products marketed. In 1995, the Company has streamlined the product portfolio, as well as restructured the marketing force. The decrease in first year premium production is directly related to the Company's change in distribution systems. The Company has changed its focus from primarily a broker agency distribution system to a captive agent system. Business written by the broker agency force in recent years did not meet Company expectations. With the change in focus of distribution systems, most of the broker agents were terminated.
The change in marketing strategy from traditional life insurance products to universal life insurance products had a significant impact on new business production. As a result of the change in marketing strategy the agency force went through a restructure and retraining process. Cash collected from the universal life and interest sensitive products contribute only the risk charge to premium income, however traditional insurance products contribute monies received to premium income. One factor that has had a positive impact on premium income is the improvement of persistency. Persistency is a measure of insurance in force retained in relation to the previous year. Overall, persistency improved to 87.5% in 1995 compared to 86.3% in 1994.
Other considerations net of reinsurance increased 13% compared to one year ago. Other considerations consists of administrative charges on universal life and interest sensitive life insurance products. The insurance in force relating to these types of products continues to increase as marketing efforts are focused on universal life insurance products.
Net investment income increased 9% when comparing 1995 to 1994. The change reflected an increase in the amount of invested assets, which was partially offset by a lower effective yield on investments made during 1995. The overall investment yields for 1995, 1994 and 1993, are 7.10%, 7.19% and 7.40%, respectively. The Company has been able to increase its investment portfolio through financing cash flows, generated by cash received through sales of universal life insurance products. Although the Company sold no fixed maturities during the last few years, it did experience a significant turnover in the portfolio. Many companies with bond issues outstanding took advantage of the lower interest rates and retired older debt which carried higher rates. This was accomplished through early calls and accelerated pay-downs of fixed maturity investments.
The Company's investments are generally managed to match related insurance and policy holder liabilities. The Company in conjunction with the decrease in average yield of the Company's fixed maturity portfolio has decreased the average crediting rate for the Company's insurance and investment products. The comparison of investment return with insurance or investment product crediting rates establishes an interest spread. The minimum interest spread between earned and credited rates is 1% on the "Century 2000" universal life insurance product, the Company's primary product. The Company monitors investment yields, and when necessary takes action to adjust credited interest rates on its insurance products to preserve targeted spreads. Over 60% of the insurance and investment product reserves are crediting 5% or less in interest and 39% of the insurance and investment product reserves are crediting 5.25% to 6% in interest. It is expected that the monitoring of the interest spreads by management will provide the necessary margin to adequately provide for associated costs on insurance policies that the Company has in force and will write in the future.
Realized investment losses were $349,000 and $146,000 in 1995 and 1994, respectively. Fixed maturities and equity securities realized net investment losses of $169,000 and real estate realized net investment losses 180,000 in 1995. The net realized investment losses for fixed maturities in 1995 is not attributable to any one specific transaction. The Company experienced moderate turnover in its fixed maturities portfolio during 1995. This was the result of many companies taking advantage of lower interest rates and refinancing higher coupon rate bonds with new securities at current lower rates. This was accomplished through early calls and accelerated pay downs that generated the net investment losses of fixed maturities. The realized investment losses for real estate is primarily attributable to one property. The property was re-evaluated during the year in relation to property values in the surrounding area of the property owned by the Company. In 1994, the Company realized net investment losses from equity securities and real estate of $119,000 and $513,000, respectively and realized an investment gain of $467,000 due to the sale of an insignificant subsidiary. The realized investment losses from real estate in 1994, was due to permanent impairment of the value of property located in Louisiana. The permanent impairment was due
to recent appraisals and marketing analysis. The Company had other gains and losses during the period that compromised the remaining amount reported but were routine or immaterial in nature to disclose on an individual basis.
(b) EXPENSES
Total expenses decreased 3% when comparing 1995 to 1994.
Life benefits net of reinsurance benefits and claims decreased 16% compared to 1994. The decrease is related to the decrease in first year premium production. Another factor that has caused life benefits to decrease is that during 1994, the Company lowered its crediting rates on interest sensitive products in response to financial market conditions. This action will facilitate the appropriate spreads between investment returns and credited interest rates. It takes approximately one year to fully realize a change in credited rates since a change becomes effective on each policy's next anniversary. Please refer to discussion of net investment income for analysis of interest spreads.
The Company experienced an increase of 6% in mortality during 1995 compared to 1994. The increase in mortality is due primarily to settlement expenses discussed in the following paragraph:
During the third quarter of 1994, UG became aware that certain new insurance business was being solicited by certain agents and issued to individuals considered to be not insurable by Company standards. These policies had a face amount of $22,700,000 and represent 1/2 of 1% of the insurance in force. Management's analysis indicates that the expected death claims on the business in force to be adequately covered by the mortality assumptions inherent in the calculation of statutory reserves. Nevertheless, management has determined it is in the best interest of the Company to repurchase as many of the policies as possible. As of December 31, 1995, there remained approximately $5,738,000 of the original face amount which have not been settled. The Company will continue its efforts to repurchase as many of the policies as possible and regularly apprise the Ohio Department of Insurance regarding the status of this situation. Through December 31, 1995, the Company spent a total of $2,886,000 for the repurchase of these policies and for the legal defense of related litigation. In relation to the repurchase of insurance policies the Company incurred life benefits of $720,000 and $1,250,000 in 1995 and 1994, respectively. The Company incurred legal costs of $687,000 and $229,000 in 1995 and 1994, respectively.
Dividends to policyholders increased approximately 26% when comparing 1995 to 1994. USA continued to market participating policies through most of 1994. Management expects dividends to policyholders will continue to increase in the future. A significant portion of the insurance in force is participating insurance. A significant portion of the participating business is relatively newer business, and the dividend scale for participating policies increases in the early durations. The dividend scale is subject to approval of the Board of Directors and may be changed at their discretion. The Company has discontinued its marketing of participating policies.
Commissions and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased 10% in 1995 compared to 1994. The increase is directly attributed to the amortization of a larger asset. The increase is also caused by the reduction in first year premium production. To a lesser extent the increase in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is directly related to the change in products that is currently marketed. The Company revised its portfolio of products as previously discussed in premium income. These new products pay lower first year commissions than the products sold in prior periods. The asset increased due to first year premium production by the agency force. The Company did benefit from improved persistency.
Operating expenses increased 19% in 1995 compared to 1994. The increase was caused by several factors. The primary factor for the increase in operating expenses is due to the decrease in production. The decrease in production was discussed in the analysis of premium income. As such, the Company was positioned to handle significantly more first year production than was produced. First year operating expenses that were deferred and capitalized as a deferred policy acquisition costs asset was $532,000 in 1995 compared to $1,757,000 in 1994. The difference between the policy acquisition costs deferred in 1995 compared to 1994, effected the increase in operating expenses. The increase in operating expenses was offset, to a lesser extent, from a 12% reduction in staff in 1995 compared to 1994. The reduction in staff was achieved by attrition.
Another factor that caused the increase in operating expenses is directly related to increased legal costs. During the third quarter of 1994, UG became aware that certain new insurance business was being solicited by certain agents and issued to individuals considered to be not insurable by Company standards. These policies had a face amount of $22,700,000 and represent 1/2 of 1% of the insurance in force of the Company. As of December 31, 1995, there remained approximately $5,738,000 of the original face amount which have not been settled. The Company will continue its efforts to repurchase as many of the policies as possible and regularly apprise the Ohio Department of Insurance regarding the status of this situation. The Company incurred legal costs of $687,000 and $229,000 in 1995 and 1994, respectively, for the legal defense of related litigation.
Interest expense decreased slightly in 1995 compared to 1994. The decrease was due to the decrease in the outstanding principal balance. The interest rate increased to 10% on March 1, 1995 compared to 7% on March 1, 1994. The Company was able to minimize the effect of the higher interest rate in 1995 by early payments of principal. The Company paid $600,000 in principal payments in 1995. The interest rate on the senior debt has decreased to 9.25% as of March 1, 1996.
(c) NET LOSS
The Company had a net loss of $1,452,000 in 1995 compared to a net loss of $1,775,000 in 1994. The moderate improvement in 1995 is primarily attributable to the increase in net investment income and the decrease in life benefits.
1994 COMPARED TO 1993
(a) REVENUES
Total revenue increased 4% when comparing 1994 to 1993. The termination of the Company's coinsurance agreement with Republic Vanguard contributed significantly to the increase in revenues.
Premium income, net of reinsurance premium, increased 5% when comparing 1994 to 1993. The termination of the coinsurance agreement with Republic Vanguard contributed significantly to the increase in premium, net of reinsurance premium. UG terminated the coinsurance agreement with Republic Vanguard on December 31, 1993. In UG, first year reinsurance premium was 21% of direct first year premium in 1993 compared to 3% in 1994. Coinsurance agreements provide a sharing or 50/50 relationship between the direct company and the reinsurer of the premiums, benefits and the profitability of the underlying product. Management believes that terminating the agreement was the best alternative for long term benefit of the Company.
In 1994, the Company has been very active in streamlining the product portfolio, as well as restructuring the marketing force. The Company is currently marketing three universal life products. In late 1994, the Company discontinued marketing the traditional or interest sensitive products. The current universal life products feature lower first year costs compared to the discontinued products. The marketing force is made up of three distinct groups. Business produced by the broker agency force did not meet the Company standards. Therefore, most of the agents associated with that group were terminated. The other two agency forces continued to grow in 1994. First year direct premium decreased 3% in 1994 compared to 1993. The small decrease is perceived as a positive result when considering the changes to the portfolio and marketing force.
Net investment income increased slightly when comparing 1994 to 1993. The Company's average yield on its investments declined slightly in 1994 compared to 1993. The Company has been able to increase its investment portfolio through financing cash flows and reducing its cash and short term positions. Although the Company sold no fixed maturities during 1994 or 1993, it did experience a significant turnover in the portfolio. Many companies with bond issues outstanding took advantage of the lower interest rates in the market during 1993 and early 1994 and retired older debt which carried higher rates. This was accomplished through early calls and accelerated pay-downs of fixed maturity investments. In late 1994 and early 1995, there has been a slight upward movement in general interest rates.
The Company's investments are generally managed to match related insurance and policyholder liabilities. The overall investment yields for 1994, 1993 and 1992, are 7.19%, 7.40% and 7.69%, respectively. The Company in conjunction with the decrease in average yield of the Company's fixed maturity portfolio has decreased the average crediting rate for the Company's insurance and investment products. The comparison of investment return with insurance or investment product crediting rates establishes an interest spread. Minimum interest spreads between earned and credited rates are 1% to 1.5%. The Company continually assesses investment yields, and when necessary takes action to reduce credited interest rates on its insurance products to preserve targeted spreads. Credited rates are established by the Board of Directors. Over 60% of the insurance and investment product reserves are crediting 5% or less in interest and 39% of the insurance and investment product reserves are crediting 5.25% to 6% in interest. It is expected that the monitoring of the interest spreads by management will provide the necessary margin to adequately provide for associated costs on insurance policies that the Company has in force and will write in the future.
Realized investment losses were $146,000 and $194,000 in 1994 and 1993, respectively. The Company realized losses of $513,000 and $423,000 due to permanent impairment of the value of the property located in Louisiana, in 1994 and 1993, respectively. The Company is actively pursuing a buyer for the property. The permanent impairment was due to recent appraisals and marketing analysis. The Company realized a gain of $467,000 due to the sale of an insignificant subsidiary in 1994. The Company realized a loss of $119,000 due to the sale of common stock, which was acquired through the reorganization of a fixed maturity security of Savin Corporation. The Company had other gains and losses during the period that compromised the remaining amount reported but were routine or immaterial in nature to disclose on an individual basis.
(b) EXPENSES
Total expenses increased 3% when comparing 1994 to 1993. Life and annuity benefits, net of reinsurance, contributed significantly to the increase in expenses. Commissions and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and operating expenses decreased during 1994 compared to 1993.
Life benefits and reinsurance benefits and claims increased 17% compared to 1993. Reinsurance benefits and claims changed significantly due to the termination of the coinsurance treaty with Republic Vanguard. Coinsurance agreements provide a sharing or 50/50 relationship between the direct company and the reinsurer of the premiums, benefits and the profitability of the underlying product. Management believes that terminating the agreement was the best alternative for the long term benefit of the Company.
Mortality remained at the same level in 1994 compared to 1993. Changes in mortality can have a significant impact to life benefits.
During the third quarter of 1994, UG became aware that certain new insurance business was being solicited by certain agents and issued to individuals considered to be not insurable by Company standards. These policies had a face amount of $22,700,000 and represent less than 1/2 of 1% of the insurance in force of the Company. Management's analysis of the business in force indicates that the expected death claims on the business in force to be adequately covered by the mortality assumptions inherent in the calculation of statutory reserves. Nevertheless, management has determined it is in the best interest of the Company to attempt to acquire as many of the policies as possible.
During 1994, the Company authorized $1,250,000 for the acquisition of these policies. At December 31, 1994, the Company had $227,961 remaining for the purchase of these policies. The $1,250,000 has been charged to life benefits, claims and settlement expenses.
During 1993, and early 1994, the Company lowered its crediting rates on interest sensitive products in response to financial market conditions. This action will facilitate the appropriate spreads between investment returns and credited interest rates. The result is a reduction to the life benefits line item as the increase in policy values through credited interest is lower. The overall investment yields for 1994, 1993 and 1992, are 7.19%, 7.40% and 7.69%, respectively. The Company in conjunction with the decrease in average yield of the Company's fixed maturity portfolio has decreased the average crediting rate for the Company's insurance and investment products. The comparison of investment return with insurance or investment product crediting rates establishes an interest spread. Minimum interest spreads between earned and credited rates are 1% to 1.5%. The Company continually assesses investment yields, and when necessary takes action to reduce credited interest rates on its insurance products to preserve targeted spreads. Credited rates are established by the Board of Directors. Over 60% of the insurance and investment product reserves are crediting 5% or less in interest and 39% of the insurance and investment product reserves are crediting 5.25% to 6% in interest. It is expected that the monitoring of the interest spreads by management will provide the necessary margin to adequately provide for associated costs on insurance policies that the Company has in force and will write in the future. Management anticipates that the lowering of credited interest rates will benefit future periods.
Dividends to policyholders increased approximately 14% when comparing 1994 to 1993. USA continued to market participating policies through most of 1994. Management expects dividends to policyholders will continue to increase in the future. A portion of the Company's insurance in force is participating insurance. A significant portion of the participating business is relatively newer business. The dividend scale for participating policies increases significantly in the early years. The dividend scale is subject to approval of the Board of Directors and may be changed at their discretion. The Company no longer markets any participating policies.
Commissions and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and amortization of agency force decreased 22% in 1994 compared to 1993. Two factors contributed to the decrease. The Company's persistency improved and commissions paid to agents was reduced. Persistency is the measurement of policies that the Company was able to retain in a given period of time. The Company's average persistency rate for all policies in force for 1994 and 1993 has been approximately 86% and 85%, respectively. The overall improvement appears small but has a significant impact on the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. There was significant improvement in persistency on certain blocks of insurance that are sensitive to fluctuations in persistency and directly affect the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. The Company revised its portfolio of products as previously discussed in premium income. These new products pay lower commissions than the previous products sold in prior periods.
Operating expenses decreased 15% in 1994 compared to 1993. The decrease is not attributable to one particular event but to the overall savings produced from the recent streamlining efforts. A reduction of operating expenses is being realized from operating fewer insurance subsidiaries. In 1992, the Company was operating eleven insurance companies, but through mergers and the sale of one insignificant subsidiary, the Company is now operating four insurance companies. The Company also completed conversion of an insurance subsidiary's computer system to its Life 70 system. The Company had a 11% reduction in staff in 1994 compared to 1993. This was achieved mostly by attrition. The Company feels that this reduction was necessary and could be achieved through continued improvement in efficiency and automation. The Company expects that further savings will be realized in the future.
Interest expense increased 3% in 1994 compared to 1993. The increase was due to an increase in the interest rate on the Company's senior debt, which is tied to the prime rate of the lead bank. The Company was able to minimize the effect of the increase in interest rate by early payments of principal. The Company paid $2,000,000 in principal payments in 1994. The Company believes that interest rates will not change dramatically in 1995, and therefore will not significantly impact interest expense.
(c) NET LOSS
The Company had a loss of $1,775,000 in 1994 compared to a loss of $3,343,000 in 1993. The establishment of a reserve of $1,250,000 liability through life benefits, claims and settlement expenses to cover cash payments to acquire the policies of certain individuals considered to be not insurable contributed significantly to the 1994 loss. The improvement in 1994 was the result of an increase in the credit provided by deferred income taxes. Deferred income taxes are affected by changes in timing differences between the financial statements and reportable for federal income tax purposes. Also, an improvement in operating expenses and commissions and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs contributed to reducing the loss in 1994. Management anticipates that the lowering of credited interest rates on the Company's insurance and investment products will benefit future periods.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
(a) ASSETS
The Company's financial position at December 31, 1995, reflected an increase in assets and an increase in liabilities compared to the preceding year end. As of December 31, 1995 and 1994, cash and invested assets represented approximately 77% and 75% of consolidated assets, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents increased 7% when comparing 1995 to 1994. As of December 31, 1995 and 1994, fixed maturities represented 74% of total invested assets and cash.
By insurance statute, the majority of the Company's investment portfolio is required to be invested in investment grade securities to provide ample protection for policyholders. The liabilities are predominantly long term in nature and therefore, the Company invests in long term fixed maturity investments which are reported in the financial statements at their amortized cost. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity; consequently, the Company does not expect to realize any significant loss from these investments. The Company does not own any derivative investments or "junk bonds". As of December 31, 1995, the carrying value of fixed maturity securities in default as to principal or interest was immaterial in the context of consolidated assets or shareholders' equity. The Company has identified securities it may sell and classified them as "investments held for sale". Investments held for sale are carried at market.
The Company's fixed maturity securities include mortgage-backed bonds of $21,415,000 and $22,444,000 at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. The mortgage-backed bonds are subject to risks associated with variable prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans. Prepayments cause those securities to have different actual maturities than that expected at the time of purchase. Prepayment of mortgage backed securities with an amortized cost greater than par will incur a reduction in yield or loss. Those securities that have an amortized cost less than par will generate an increase in yield or gain. The degree to which a security is susceptible to either gains or losses is influenced by the difference between its amortized cost and par, the relative interest rate sensitivity of the underlying mortgages backing the assets and the repayment priority of the securities in the overall securitization structure.
The Company limits its credit risk by purchasing securities backed by stable collateral and by concentrating on securities with enhanced priority in their trust structure. Such securities with reduced risk typically have a lower yield (but higher liquidity) than higher-risk mortgage-backed bonds (i.e., mortgage-backed bonds structured to share in residual cash flows or which cover only interest payments). At December 31, 1995, the Company does not have a significant amount of higher-risk mortgage-backed bonds. There are negligible default risks in the Company's mortgage-backed bond portfolio as a whole. The vast majority of the assets are either guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities or are supported in the securitization structure by junior securities enabling the assets to achieve high investment grade status.
The Company experienced moderate turnover in its fixed maturities portfolio during 1995. As previously discussed, this was the result of many companies taking advantage of lower interest rates and refinancing higher coupon rate bonds with new securities at current lower rates. This was accomplished through early calls and accelerated pay downs. During the year, the Company reinvested its funds and invested new monies from operations and from cash and short term investments primarily in investment grade corporate bonds.
Mortgage loans decreased 12% in 1995 as compared to 1994. The Company is not actively seeking new mortgage loans, and the decrease is due to early pay-offs from mortgagee's seeking refinancing at lower interest rates. All mortgage loans held by the Company are first position loans. The Company has $618,000 in mortgage loans, net of a $10,000 reserve allowance, which are in default or in the process of foreclosure, this represents approximately 4% of the total portfolio.
Investment real estate and real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt decreased slightly in 1995 compared to 1994. The decrease is primarily the net result of improvements made and sales of homes and lots from the residential development. Total real estate is separated into four categories: Home Office 16%, Commercial 16%, Residential Development 37% and Foreclosed Properties 31%.
Policy loans increased 4% in 1995 compared to 1994. There is no single event that caused policy loans to increase. Industry experience for policy loans indicates that very few policy loans are repaid by the policy holder other than through termination of the policy. Policy loans are systematically reviewed to verify that no individual policy loan exceeds the underlying cash value of the policy. Policy loans will generally increase due to new loans and interest compounding on existing policy loans.
Value of agency force and cost in excess of net assets purchased decreased 6% in 1995 compared to 1994. The decrease is directly attributable to normal amortization during the period. The Company did not recognize any impairments during the period.
Deferred policy acquisition costs increased 8% in 1995 compared to 1994. The Company had $2,370,000 in policy acquisition costs deferred, $338,000 in interest accretion and $1,905,000 in amortization. The Company anticipates similar activity in the future due to continued marketing efforts by the Company's agency force. The Company did not recognize any impairments during the period.
(b) LIABILITIES
Total liabilities increased approximately 3% in 1995 compared to 1994. Future policy benefits increased 4% in 1995 and represented 83% of total liabilities at December 31, 1995. Management expects future policy benefits to increase in the future due to the aging of the volume of insurance in force and continued production by the Company's sales force.
Policy claims and benefits payable decreased 3% in 1995 compared to 1994. There is no single event that caused this item to decrease. Policy claims vary from year to year and therefore, fluctuations in this liability are to be expected and are not considered unusual by management.
Other policyholder funds decreased 4% in 1995 compared to 1994. The decrease can be attributed to a decrease in premium deposit funds. Premium deposit funds are funds deposited by the policyholder with the insurance company to accumulate interest and pay future policy premiums. The change in marketing from traditional insurance products to universal life insurance products is the primary reason for the decrease. Universal life insurance products do not have premium deposit funds. All premiums received from the policyholder are credited to the life insurance policy and are reflected in future policy benefits.
Dividend and endowment accumulations increased 15% in 1995 compared to 1994. The increase is attributed to the significant amount of participating business the Company has in force. There are generally four options a policyholder can select to pay policy dividends. Over 47% of all dividends paid were put on deposit to accumulate with interest. Accordingly, management expects this liability to increase in the future.
Income taxes payable and deferred income taxes payable decreased 15% in 1995 compared to 1994. The change in deferred and current income taxes payable is attributable to temporary differences between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") and tax basis. Federal income taxes are fully disclosed in Note 3 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.
Notes payable decreased $906,000 in 1995 compared to 1994. On January 31, 1996, the Company, prepaid $1,500,000 of the $3,900,000 principal payment due on June 1, 1996. The Company's long term debt is discussed in more detail in Note 9 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.
(c) SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Total shareholders' equity decreased 11% in 1995 compared to 1994. The decrease in shareholders' equity is primarily due to the net loss of $1,452,000 in 1995. The Company experienced $293,000 in unrealized appreciation of equity securities and investments held for sale in 1995.
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
The Company is highly regulated by state insurance authorities in the states its affiliates are domiciled. Such regulations, among other things, limit the amount of dividends, tax sharing payments, other payments that can be made by affiliates without prior regulatory approval and impose restrictions on the amount and type of investments the Company may own. The Company also is regulated in various states as an insurance holding company system. Because the Company is an insurance holding company, an investment in the Company which could result in a change in control must be passed on by certain state departments of insurance.
There is currently increased scrutiny placed upon the insurance regulatory framework. As a result, certain state legislatures have considered or enacted laws that alter, and in many cases increase, state authority to regulate insurance companies and insurance holding company systems. In light of recent legislative developments, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") and state insurance regulators have begun examining existing laws and regulations, specifically focusing on insurance company investments, solvency issues, risk-adjusted capital guidelines, interpretations of existing laws, the development of new laws, the implementation of nonstatutory guidelines, and the circumstances under which dividends may be paid. The Company cannot predict with certainty the effect that any NAIC recommendations, proposed or future legislation, may have on the financial condition or operations.
The Company receives funds from its insurance subsidiaries in the form of management and cost sharing arrangements (See Note 9) and through dividends. Annual dividends in excess of maximum amounts prescribed by state statutes ("extraordinary dividends") may not be paid without the approval of the insurance commissioner in which an insurance subsidiary is domiciled. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") has proposed, and certain states have adopted, legislation that lowers the threshold amount for determining what constitutes an extraordinary dividend. Such legislative changes could make it more difficult for insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends to their parents.
The NAIC has adopted Risk-Based Capital ("RBC") requirements for life/health insurance companies to evaluate the adequacy of statutory capital and surplus in relation to investment and insurance risks such as asset quality, mortality and morbidity, asset and liability matching and other business factors. The RBC formula will be used by state insurance regulators as an early warning tool to identify, for the purpose of initiating regulatory action, insurance companies that potentially are inadequately capitalized. In addition, the formula defines new minimum capital standards that will supplement the current system of low fixed minimum capital and surplus requirements on a state-by- state basis. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of the insurance company's regulatory total adjusted capital, as defined by the NAIC, to its authorized control level RBC, as defined by the NAIC. Insurance company's below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specific corrective action.
The levels and ratios are as follows:
Ratio of Total Adjusted Capital to Authorized Control Level RBC Regulatory Event (Less Than or Equal to)
Company action level 2* Regulatory action level 1.5 Authorized control level 1 Mandatory control level 0.7
* Or, 2.5 with negative trend.
At December 31, 1995, each of the Company's insurance subsidiaries has a Ratio that is in excess of 250% of the authorized control level; accordingly the Company's subsidiaries meet the RBC requirements.
The NAIC has proposed a new Model Investment Law that may affect the statutory carrying values of certain investments; however, the final outcome of that proposal is not certain, nor is it possible to predict what impact the proposal will have on the Company or whether the proposal will be adopted in the foreseeable future.
FUTURE OUTLOOK
Factors expected to influence life insurance industry growth include: 1) competitive pressure among the large number of existing firms; 2) competition from financial service companies, as they seek to expand into insurance marketing; 3) customers' changing needs for new types of insurance products; 4) customers' lack of confidence in the entire industry as a result of the recent highly visible failures; and 5) uncertainty concerning the future regulation of the industry. Growth in demand for insurance products will depend upon demographic variables such as income growth, wealth accumulation, population and work force changes.
ITEM 8.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 114 entitled "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan" and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 118, an amendment of Statement No. 114. The Statement amends FASB Statement No. 5 "Accounting for Contingencies" and FASB Statement No. 15 "Accounting by Debtors and Creditors for Troubled Debt Restructuring". This Statement, which became effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1994, applies to all troubled debt restructuring involving a modification of terms.
A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. As used in this Statement and in Statement 5, as amended, all amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the contractual interest payments and the contractual principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement. This Statement does not specify how a creditor should determine that it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms
of a loan. A creditor should apply its normal loan review procedures in making that judgment. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in amount of payments does not require application of this Statement. A loan is not impaired during a period of delay in payment if the creditor expects to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay. Thus, a demand loan or other loan with no stated maturity is not impaired if the creditor expects to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the contractual interest rate during the period the loan is outstanding.
This statement was adopted for the 1995 Financial Statements. The adoption did not have any impact on the Company's financial statement.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121 entitled "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of". This Statement, becomes effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 1995, with early adoption encouraged.
An entity shall review long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the entity shall estimate the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Future cash flows are the future cash inflows expected to be generated by an asset less the future cash outflows expected to be necessary to obtain those inflows. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the entity shall recognize an impairment loss in accordance with this Statement. Otherwise, an impairment loss shall not be recognized; however, a review of depreciation policies may be appropriate.
This statement was adopted for the 1995 financial statements. The adoption did not have any impact on the Company's financial statements.
Listed below are the financial statements included in this Part of the Annual Report on SEC Form 10-K:
Page No. FIRST COMMONWEALTH CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Independent Auditors' Report for the Years ended December 31, 1995, 1994, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Consolidated Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Consolidated Statements of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity . . . . . . . . . 36
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Notes to Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-59
ITEM 9.

ITEM 9. DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
Independent Auditors' Report
Board of Directors and Shareholders First Commonwealth Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of First Commonwealth Corporation (a Virginia corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1995 and 1994, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1995. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of First Commonwealth Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1995 and 1994, and the consolidated results of their operations and their consolidated cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1995, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
We have also audited Schedule I as of December 31, 1995, and Schedules II, IV and V as of December 31, 1995 and 1994, of First Commonwealth Corporation and subsidiaries and Schedules II, IV and V for each of the three years in the period then ended. In our opinion, these schedules present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be set forth therein.
KERBER, ECK & BRAECKEL LLP
Springfield, Illinois March 26, 1996
See accompanying notes.
See accompanying notes
See accompanying notes.
See accompanying notes.
FIRST COMMONWEALTH CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A. ORGANIZATION - At December 31, 1995, the parent, significant majority-owned subsidiaries and affiliates of First Commonwealth Corporation were as depicted on the following organizational chart.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995
United Trust, Inc. ("UTI") is the ultimate controlling company. UTI owns 53% of United Trust Group ("UTG") and 30% of United Income, Inc. ("UII"). UII owns 47% of UTG. UTG owns 72% of First Commonwealth Corporation ("FCC"). FCC owns 100% of Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("UG"). UG owns 100% of United Security Assurance Company ("USA"). USA owns 84% of Appalachian Life Insurance Company ("APPL") and APPL owns 100% of Abraham Lincoln Insurance Company ("ABE").
A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements follows.
B. NATURE OF OPERATIONS - First Commonwealth Corporation is an insurance holding company that, through its insurance subsidiaries sells individual life insurance products. The Company's principal market is the midwestern United States. The primary focus of the Company has been the servicing of existing insurance business in force, the solicitation of new life insurance products and the acquisition of other companies in similar lines of business.
C. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. Other investments in affiliates are carried at cost. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
D. BASIS OF PRESENTATION - The financial statements of First Commonwealth Corporation's life insurance subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which differ from statutory accounting practices permitted by insurance regulatory authorities.
E. USE OF ESTIMATES - In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
F. INVESTMENTS - Investments are shown on the following bases:
Fixed maturities -- at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium or discount and other-than-temporary market value declines. The amortized cost of such investments differs from their market values; however, the Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity, at which time the full face value is expected to be realized.
Investments held for sale -- at current market value, unrealized appreciation or depreciation is charged directly to shareholders' equity.
Mortgage loans on real estate -- at unpaid balances, adjusted for amortization of premium or discount, less allowance for possible losses.
Real estate -- at cost, less allowances for depreciation and any impairment which would result in a carrying value below net realizable value. Foreclosed real estate is adjusted for any impairment at the foreclosure date.
Policy loans -- at unpaid balances including accumulated interest but not in excess of the cash surrender value.
Short term investments -- at cost, which approximates market value.
Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are recognized in net income on the specific identification basis.
G. RECOGNITION OF REVENUES AND RELATED EXPENSES - Premiums for traditional life insurance products, which include those products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, consist principally of whole life insurance policies, limited-payment life insurance policies, and certain annuities with life contingencies are recognized as revenues when due. Accident and health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue pro rata over the terms of the policies. Benefits and related expenses associated with the premiums earned are charged to expense proportionately over the lives of the policies through a provision for future policy benefit liabilities and through deferral and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. For universal life and investment products, generally there is no requirement for payment of premium other than to maintain account values at a level sufficient to pay mortality and expense charges. Consequently, premiums for universal life policies and investment products are not reported as revenue, but as deposits. Policy fee revenue for universal life policies and investment products consists of charges for the cost of insurance, policy administration, and surrenders assessed during the period. Expenses include interest credited to policy account balances and benefit claims incurred in excess of policy account balances.
H. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS - Commissions and other costs of acquiring life insurance products have been deferred. Traditional life insurance and accident and health insurance acquisition costs are being amortized over the premium-paying period of the related policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy benefit reserves.
For universal life insurance and interest sensitive life insurance products, acquisition costs are being amortized generally in proportion to the present value of expected gross profits from surrender charges and investment, mortality, and expense margins. This amortization is adjusted retrospectively when estimates of current or future gross profits to be realized from a group of products are revised.
Deferred policy acquisition costs established at the time a company is acquired are amortized with interest in relation to expected future profits, including direct charge-offs for any excess of the unamortized asset over the projected future profits.
The following table summarizes deferred policy acquisition costs and related data for the years shown.
1995 1994 1993
Deferred, beginning of year $41,886,000 $41,357,000 $41,540,000
Acquisition costs deferred: Commissions, net of reinsurance of $0, $1,837,000 and $2,871,000 1,838,000 3,182,000 4,399,000 Marketing, salaries and other expenses 532,000 1,757,000 1,832,000 Total 2,370,000 4,939,000 6,231,000
Interest accretion 2,626,000 2,603,000 2,674,000 Amortization charged to income (6,361,000) (6,121,000) (9,088,000) Net amortization (3,735,000) (3,518,000) (6,414,000)
Deferred acquisition costs disposed of at date of sale of subsidiary 0 (892,000) 0 Change for the year (1,365,000) 529,000 (183,000)
Deferred, end of year $40,521,000 $41,886,000 $41,357,000
The following table reflects the components of the income statement for the line item Commissions and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs.
1995 1994 1993
Net amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs $ 3,735,000 $ 3,518,000 $ 6,414,000 Commissions 3,340,000 2,909,000 1,721,000 Total $ 7,075,000 $ 6,427,000 $ 8,135,000
Estimated net amortization expense of deferred policy acquisition costs for the next five years is as follows:
Interest Net Accretion Amortization Amortization
1996 2,600,000 5,600,000 3,000,000 1997 2,400,000 5,200,000 2,800,000 1998 2,300,000 4,700,000 2,400,000 1999 2,200,000 4,400,000 2,200,000 2000 2,000,000 4,100,000 2,100,000
I. COST IN EXCESS OF NET ASSETS PURCHASED - Cost in excess of net assets purchased are amortized over periods not exceeding forty years using the straight-line method. Management reviews the valuation and amortization of goodwill on an annual basis. As part of this review, the Company estimates the value of and the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the related subsidiaries to determine that no impairment has occurred.
J. FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS AND EXPENSES - The liabilities for traditional life insurance and accident and health insurance policy benefits are computed using a net level method. These liabilities include assumptions as to investment yields, mortality, withdrawals, and other assumptions based on the life insurance subsidiaries' experience adjusted to reflect anticipated trends and to include provisions for possible unfavorable deviations. Reserve interest assumptions are graded and range from 6% to 2%. Such liabilities, for certain plans, are graded to equal statutory values or cash values prior to maturity. Benefit reserves for traditional life insurance policies include certain deferred profits on limited-payment policies that are being recognized in income over the policy term. Policy benefit claims are charged to expense in the period that the claims are incurred. Current mortality rate assumptions are based on 1975-80 select and ultimate tables. Withdrawal rate assumptions are based upon Linton B or Linton C.
Benefit reserves for universal life insurance and interest sensitive life insurance products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expense include benefit claims in excess of related policy account balances. Interest crediting rates for universal life and interest sensitive products range from 5.0% to 6.0% in 1995, 5.0% to 6.0% in 1994 and 5.0% to 7.5% in 1993.
K. POLICY AND CONTRACT CLAIMS - Policy and contract claims include provisions for reported claims in process of settlement, valued in accordance with the terms of the policies and contracts, as well as provisions for claims incurred and unreported based on prior experience of the Company.
L. PARTICIPATING INSURANCE - Participating business represents 34% and 31% of the ordinary life insurance in force at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Premium income from participating business represents 55%, 53%, and 51% of total premiums for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. The amount of dividends to be paid is determined annually by the Board of Directors. Earnings allocable to participating policyholders are based on legal requirements which vary by state.
M. INCOME TAXES - Income taxes are reported under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 109. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences on future periods of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at the end of each such period.
N. BUSINESS SEGMENTS - The companies operate principally in the individual life insurance business.
O. EARNINGS PER SHARE - Earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective period.
P. CASH EQUIVALENTS - The Company considers certificates of deposit and other short term instruments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less cash equivalents.
Q. RECLASSIFICATIONS - Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 1995 presentation.
R. REINSURANCE - In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts. The Company retains a maximum of $125,000 of coverage per individual life.
Amounts paid or deemed to have been paid for reinsurance contracts are recorded as reinsurance receivables. Reinsurance premiums, commissions, expense reimbursements, and reserves on reinsured business are accounted for on a basis consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Expense reimbursements received in connection with reinsurance ceded have been accounted for as a reduction of the related policy acquisition costs or, to the extent such reimbursements exceed the related acquisition costs, as revenue.
Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company; consequently, allowances are established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of credit risk arising from similar geographic regions, activities, or economic characteristics of the reinsurers to minimize its exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvencies.
2. SHAREHOLDER DIVIDEND RESTRICTION
At December 31, 1995, substantially all of consolidated shareholders' equity represents net assets of FCC's subsidiaries. The payment of cash dividends to shareholders by FCC is not legally restricted. UG's dividend limitations are described below.
Ohio domiciled insurance companies require five days prior notification to the insurance commissioner for the payment of an ordinary dividend. Ordinary dividends are defined as the greater of: a) prior year statutory earnings or b) 10% of statutory capital and surplus. For the year ended December 31, 1995, UG had a statutory gain from operations of $3,197,000. At December 31, 1995, UG's statutory capital and surplus amounted to $7,274,000. Extraordinary dividends (amounts in excess of ordinary dividend limitations) require prior approval of the insurance commissioner and are not restricted to a specific calculation.
3. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
Until 1984, the insurance companies were taxed under the provisions of the Life Insurance Company Income Tax Act of 1959 as amended by the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. These laws were superseded by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984. All of these laws are based primarily upon statutory results with certain special deductions and other items available only to life insurance companies. If certain of the life companies pay shareholder dividends in excess of "shareholders' surplus" they will be required to pay taxes on income not taxed under the pre-1984 acts.
The following table summarizes the companies with this situation and the maximum amount of income which has not been taxed in each.
Shareholders Untaxed Company Surplus Balance
ABE $ 5,327,000 $ 1,150,000 APPL 4,128,000 1,525,000 UG 22,195,000 4,364,000 USA 1,101,000 0
The payment of taxes on this income is not anticipated; and, accordingly, no deferred taxes have been established.
The life insurance company subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The holding companies of the group file separate returns.
Life insurance company taxation is based primarily upon statutory results with certain special deductions and other items available only to life insurance companies. Income tax expense consists of the following components:
1995 1994 1993
Current tax expense (credit) $ (1,000) $ 35,000 $ (108,000) Deferred tax expense(credit) (1,435,000) (2,031,000) (643,000) $(1,436,000) $(1,996,000) $ (751,000)
The Companies have net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes expiring as follows:
FCC UG 2001 0 117,000 2003 0 57,000 2006 0 4,388,000 2007 46,000 783,000 2008 0 940,000 2010 0 2,540,000 TOTAL $ 46,000 $ 8,825,000
The Company has established a deferred tax asset of $3,105,000 for its operating loss carryforwards and has established an allowance of $3,105,000.
The provision or (credit) for income taxes shown in the statements of operations does not bear the normal relationship to pre-tax income as a result of certain permanent differences.
The sources and effects of such differences are summarized in the following table:
1995 1994 1993
Tax computed at standard corporate rate $ (992,000) $(1,298,000) $(1,408,000) Changes in taxes due to: Companies incurring losses without tax benefit 0 0 427,000 Goodwill 154,000 158,000 230,000 Benefit of prior losses (599,000) (696,000) Other 1,000 (160,000) 0 Income tax expense (credit) $ (1,436,000) $(1,996,000) $ (751,000)
The following table summarizes the major components which comprise the deferred tax liability as reflected in the balance sheets:
1995 1994
Investments $ (332,722) $ (254,075) Value of agency force 2,270,007 2,378,642 Deferred policy acquisition costs 14,182,255 14,660,060 Agents balances (71,625) (77,310) Furniture and equipment (34,104) (53,454) Due premiums (1,285,212) (1,378,163) Discount of notes 1,003,038 987,932 Future policy benefits (3,656,260) (2,920,295) Other liabilities (1,346,525) (1,456,827) Federal tax DAC (2,862,999) (2,586,157)
Deferred tax liability $ 7,865,853 $ 9,300,353
4. ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT INCOME AND INVESTMENT GAIN
A. NET INVESTMENT INCOME - The following table reflects net investment income by type of investment:
1995 1994 1993 Fixed maturities and fixed maturities held for sale $13,292,552 $12,174,226 $10,759,045 Equity securities 52,445 3,999 228,762 Mortgage loans 1,257,189 1,408,558 1,708,842 Real estate 975,080 990,857 968,620 Policy loans 1,041,900 978,555 954,609 Short term investments 498,496 412,135 1,068,313 Collateral loans 0 0 5,121 Other 143,527 135,051 175,873 Total investment income 17,261,189 16,103,381 15,869,185 Investment expense (1,761,438) (1,914,920) (1,781,476) Net investment income $15,499,751 $14,188,461 $14,087,709
At December 31, 1995, the companies had a total of $7,703,000 of investments, comprised of $6,894,000 in real estate including its home office property and $809,000 in equity securities, which did not produce income during 1995.
The following table summarizes the Company's fixed maturity holdings and investments held for sale by major classifications.
Carrying Value 1995 1994 Investments held for sale: Fixed maturities $ 3,226,175 $ 3,337,672 Equity securities 1,946,481 911,012
Fixed maturities: U.S. Government and government agencies 27,205,449 20,874,683 State, municipalities and political subdivisions 6,774,185 7,092,424 Collateralized mortgage obligations 15,395,913 18,567,399 Public utilities 59,101,260 57,587,697 Corporate 82,081,544 78,916,639 $195,731,007 $187,287,526
By insurance statute, the majority of the Company's investment portfolio is required to be invested in investment grade securities to provide ample protection for policyholders. The Company does not invest in so- called "junk bonds" or derivative investments.
Below investment grade debt securities generally provide higher yields and involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities because their issuers typically are more highly leveraged and more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions than investment grade issuers. In addition, the trading market for these securities is usually more limited than for investment grade debt securities. Debt securities classified as below- investment grade are those that receive a Standard & Poor's rating of BB or below.
The following table summarizes by category securities held that are below investment grade at amortized cost:
Below Investment Grade Investments 1995 1994 1993
State, Municipalities and Political Subdivisions $ 0 $ 32,370 $ 1,750 Public Utilities 119,379 168,869 138,159 Corporate 833,142 848,033 330,335 Total $ 952,521 $ 1,049,272 $ 470,244
B. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The amortized cost and estimated market values of investments in securities including investments held for sale are as follows:
Cost or Gross Gross Estimated Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market 1995 Cost Gains Losses Value
Investments Held for Sale: U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 2,001,860 $ 2,579 $ 621 $ 2,003,818 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 812,454 14,313 3,749 823,018 Collateralized mortgage obligations 32,177 506 0 32,683 Public utilities 119,379 572 2,123 117,828 All other corporate bonds 258,169 337 9,678 248,828 3,224,039 18,307 16,171 3,226,175
Equity securities 2,086,159 80,721 220,399 1,946,481 Total $ 5,310,198 $ 99,028 $ 236,570 $5,172,656
Held to Maturity Securities: U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $27,205,449 $ 1,075,742 $ 27,634 $ 28,253,557 States,municipalities and political subdivisions 6,774,185 312,253 6,804 7,079,634 Collateralized mortgage obligations 15,395,913 295,344 67,472 15,623,785 Public utilities 59,101,260 2,307,613 126,760 61,282,113 All other corporate bonds 82,081,544 2,974,554 288,930 84,767,168 Total $190,558,351 $ 6,965,506 $ 517,600 $197,006,257
Cost or Gross Gross Estimated Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market 1994 Cost Gains Losses Value
Investments Held for Sale: U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 1,993,503 $ 0 $ 132,003 $ 1,861,500 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 914,902 23,496 8,871 929,527 Collateralized mortgage obligations 541,868 4,777 0 546,645 Public utilities 0 0 0 0 All other corporate bonds 0 0 0 0 3,450,273 28,273 140,874 3,337,672
Equity securities 1,235,840 1,800 326,628 911,012 Total $ 4,686,113 $ 30,073 $ 467,502 $ 4,248,684
Held to Maturity Securities: U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 20,328,039 $ 155,347 $ 374,992 $ 20,108,393 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 7,092,424 75,052 302,152 6,865,324 Collateralized mortgage obligations 19,114,044 55,736 991,431 18,178,349 Public utilities 57,587,697 27,200 4,793,518 52,821,379 All other corporate bonds 78,916,638 165,497 5,120,550 73,961,585
Total $183,038,842 $ 478,832 $ 11,582,643 $171,935,030
The amortized cost of debt securities at December 31, 1995, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Fixed Maturities Held to Maturity Amortized December 31, 1995 Cost
Due in one year or less $ 10,752,755 Due after one year through five years 89,247,186 Due after five years through ten years 80,406,194 Due after ten years 10,152,216 $190,558,351
Fixed Maturities Held for Sale Amortized December 31, 1995 Cost
Due in one year or less $ 0 Due after one year through five years 2,249,473 Due after five years through ten years 682,573 Due after ten years 291,993 $ 3,224,039
Proceeds from sales, calls, and maturities of investments in debt securities during 1995 were $16,885,000. Gross gains of $107,000 and gross losses of $228,000 were realized on those sales, calls and maturities.
Proceeds from sales, calls, and maturities of investments in debt securities during 1994 were $23,852,000. Gross gains of $168,000 and gross losses of $272,000 were realized on those sales, calls and maturities.
Proceeds from sales, calls, and maturities of investments in debt securities during 1993 were $45,733,000. Gross gains of $539,000 and gross losses of $437,000 were realized on those sales, calls and maturities.
C. INVESTMENTS ON DEPOSIT - At December 31, 1995, investments carried at approximately $46,957,000 were on deposit with various state insurance departments.
5. DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The financial statements include various estimated fair value information at December 31, 1995 and 1994, as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 107, Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments ("SFAS 107"). Such information, which pertains to the Company's financial instruments, is based on the requirements set forth in that Statement and does not purport to represent the aggregate net fair value of the Company.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument required to be valued by SFAS 107 for which it is practicable to estimate that value:
(a) Cash and Cash equivalents
The carrying amount in the financial statements approximates fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of the instruments and their expected realization.
(b) Fixed maturities and investments held for sale
Quoted market prices, if available, are used to determine the fair value. If quoted market prices are not available, management estimates the fair value based on the quoted market price of a financial instrument with similar characteristics.
(c) Mortgage loans on real estate
An estimate of fair value is based on management's review of the portfolio in relation to market prices of similar loans with similar credit ratings, interest rates, and maturity dates. Management conservatively estimates fair value of the portfolio is equal to the carrying value.
(d) Investment real estate and real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt
An estimate of fair value is based on management's review of the individual real estate holdings. Management utilizes sales of surrounding properties, current market conditions and geographic considerations. Management conservatively estimates the fair value of the portfolio is equal to the carrying value.
(e) Policy loans
It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of policy loans as they have no stated maturity and their rates are set at a fixed spread to related policy liability rates. Policy loans are carried at the aggregate unpaid principal balances in the consolidated balance sheets, and earn interest at rates ranging from 4% to 8%. Individual policy liabilities in all cases equal or exceed outstanding policy loan balances.
(f) Short term investments
For short term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. All short term instruments represent certificates of deposit with various banks and all are protected under FDIC.
(g) Notes and accounts receivable and uncollected premiums
The Company holds a $840,000 note receivable for which the determination of fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Accounts receivable and uncollected premiums are primarily insurance contract related receivables which are determined based upon the underlying insurance liabilities and added reinsurance amounts, and thus are excluded for the purpose of fair value disclosure by paragraph 8(c) of SFAS 107.
(h) Notes payable
For borrowings under the senior loan agreement, which is subject to floating rates of interest, carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. For subordinated borrowings fair value was determined based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms and average maturities.
The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments required to be valued by SFAS 107 are as follows as of December 31:
1995 1994 Estimated Estimated Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Assets Amount Value Amount Value
Fixed maturities $190,558,351 $197,006,257 $183,038,842 $171,935,030 Fixed maturities held for sale 3,226,175 3,226,175 3,337,672 3,337,672 Equity securities 1,946,481 1,946,481 911,012 911,012 Mortgage loans on real estate 13,891,762 13,891,762 15,822,056 15,822,056 Policy loans 16,941,359 16,941,359 16,338,632 16,338,632 Short term investments 425,000 425,000 350,000 350,000 Investment real estate 11,683,575 11,683,575 11,712,847 11,712,847 Real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt 5,332,413 5,332,413 5,620,101 5,620,101 Notes receivable 840,066 775,399 840,066 768,094
Liabilities
Notes payable 20,623,328 19,987,666 21,529,189 20,842,111
6. STATUTORY EQUITY AND GAIN FROM OPERATIONS
The Company's insurance subsidiaries are domiciled in Ohio, Illinois and West Virginia and prepare their statutory-based financial statements in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the respective insurance department. These principles differ significantly from generally accepted accounting principles. "Prescribed" statutory accounting practices include state laws, regulations, and general administrative rules, as well as a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"). "Permitted" statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices that are not prescribed; such practices may differ from state to state, may differ from company to company within a state, and may change in the future. The NAIC currently is in the process of codifying statutory accounting practices, the result of which is expected to constitute the only source of "prescribed" statutory accounting practices. Accordingly, that project, which is expected to be completed in 1996, will likely change prescribed statutory accounting practices, and may result in changes to the accounting practices that insurance enterprises use to prepare their statutory financial statements. UG's total statutory shareholders' equity was $7,274,000 and $7,683,000 at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. The combined statutory gain from operations (exclusive of intercompany dividends) was $3,633,000, $3,074,000 and $1,581,000 for 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
7. REINSURANCE
In December 1991, UG entered into a 50% coinsurance arrangement with Republic Vanguard Life Insurance Company to enable the Company to maintain increased production levels while containing first year statutory costs. The ceding of new business under this treaty was terminated December 31, 1993. Republic Vanguard holds an "A" (Excellent) rating from A. M. Best, an industry rating company. The coinsurance arrangement, which was effective January 1, 1991, allowed UG to cede to Republic Vanguard a 50% quota share of all new universal life policies issued after the effective date through date of termination. UG receives a commission allowance of 11% of excess premium and renewal premium. Monies pertaining to the coinsurance arrangement are settled monthly. The agreement contains a provision whereby risks in excess of UG's retention ($125,000 maximum) are transferred to the reinsurer. Risks are transferred under an automatic ceding arrangement up to $1,000,000 and a facultative arrangement for amounts in excess of $1,000,000.
In December 1993, UG entered into reinsurance agreements with Business Men's Assurance Company, ("BMA") and Life Reassurance Corporation, ("LIFE RE"). BMA and LIFE RE each hold an "A+" (Superior) rating from A.M. Best, an industry rating company. The reinsurance arrangement was effective December 1, 1993, and covered all new business of the Company. The agreements are a yearly renewable term ("YRT") treaty where the Company cedes amounts above its retention limit of $100,000 with a minimum cession of $25,000.
During 1993, USA entered into a coinsurance agreement with LIFE RE. The coinsurance arrangement allows USA to cede to LIFE RE a 50% quota share of the traditional participating policies issued by USA after the effective date of July 1, 1992. USA entered into the arrangement to enable the Company to maintain increased production levels while containing first year statutory costs. USA receives commission allowances of 150% of first year premium, 27% of second year premium, 32% of third year premium and 37% of fourth year and beyond. Monies pertaining to the coinsurance arrangement are settled monthly.
The Company does not have any short-duration reinsurance contracts. The effect of the Company's long duration reinsurance contracts on premiums earned in 1994, 1993 and 1992 was as follows:
Shown in thousands 1995 1994 1993 Premiums Premiums Premiums Earned Earned Earned
Direct $ 35,201 $ 37,911 $ 39,357 Assumed 0 0 0 Ceded (5,203) (5,627) (8,630) Net premiums $ 29,998 $ 32,284 $ 30,727
Reinsurance receivables for future policy benefits were $13,540,000 and $12,819,000 at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively, for estimated recoveries under reinsurance treaties.
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
During the third quarter of 1994, UG became aware that certain new insurance business was being solicited by certain agents and issued to individuals considered to be not insurable by Company standards. These policies had a face amount of $22,700,000 and represent 1/2 of 1% of the insurance in force. Management's analysis indicates that the expected death claims on the business in force to be adequately covered by the mortality assumptions inherent in the calculation of statutory reserves. Nevertheless, management has determined it is in the best interest of the Company to repurchase as many of the policies as possible. As of December 31, 1995, there remained approximately $5,738,000 of the original face amount which have not been settled. The Company will continue its efforts to repurchase as many of the policies as possible and regularly apprise the Ohio Department of Insurance regarding the status of this situation. Through December 31, 1995, the Company spent a total of $2,886,000 for the repurchase of these policies and for the defense of related litigation.
The Company is currently involved in the following litigation: Freeman v. Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company (U.S.D.C.,N.D.Ga, 1994, 1-94-CV- 2593-RCF); Armstrong v. Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company and James Melville (Circuit Court of Davidson County, Tenn., 1994, 94C3222); Armstrong v. Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company and James Melville (Circuit Court of Davidson County, Tenn., 1994, 94C3720); Ridings v. Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company and James Melville (Circuit Court of Davidson County, Tenn., 1994, 94C3221).
Four general agents of UG filed independent suits against UG in the latter part of September or early October 1994. Kathy Armstrong (3-94-1085), another general agent, filed her suit on November 16, 1994. All of the suits allege that the plaintiff was libeled by statements made in a letter sent by UG. The letter was sent to persons who had been issued life insurance policies by UG as the result of policy applications submitted by the five agents. Mr. Melville is a defendant in some of the suits because he signed the letter as president of UG.
In addition to the defamation count, Mr. Freeman alleges that UG also breached a contract by failing to pay his commissions for policies issued. Mr. Freeman claims unpaid commissions of $104,000. In the libel claim, Mr. Freeman claims compensatory damages of over $5,000,000, punitive damages of over $3,000,000, costs, and litigation expenses. The other plaintiffs request the award of unspecified compensatory damages and punitive (or special) damages as well as costs and attorney's fees. UG has filed Answers to all of these suits asserting various defenses and, where appropriate, counterclaims. UG believes that it has no liability to any of the plaintiffs and intends to defend each of the suits vigorously. The Freeman suit is scheduled for trial April 8, 1996.
Jeffrey Ploskonka, Keith Bohn and Paul Phinney v. Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company (Circuit Court of the Seventh Judicial Circuit Sangamon County, Illinois Case No.: 95-L-0213)
On March 9, 1995 a lawsuit was filed against Universal Guaranty Life Insurance on behalf of three insureds and a potential class of other insureds. The Plaintiffs allege that UG violated the insurance contract in attempting to cancel life insurance contracts. Additionally, the Plaintiffs assert violations of Illinois law alleging vexations and unreasonable insurance practices, breach of duty of good faith and fair dealing, and that Illinois consumer fraud laws have been violated. The Plaintiffs seek unspecified compensatory damages, injunctive relief, attorneys' fees, statutory damages in an amount up to $25,000.00, punitive damages of $1,000,000.00, and other equitable relief. UG filed an Answer to this lawsuit in May 1995, asserting various defenses and reserving the right to
assert counterclaims. UG has also filed motions to dismiss certain allegations and claims made in the lawsuit. UG believes it has no liability to any of the plaintiffs, or other potential class members, and intends to defend the lawsuit vigorously. In June 1995, the court conditionally certified a class of non-settling insureds.
The Company and its subsidiaries are named as defendants in a number of legal actions arising primarily from claims made under insurance policies. Those actions have been considered in establishing the Company's liabilities. Management and its legal counsel are of the opinion that the settlement of those actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
The number of insurance companies that are under regulatory supervision has increased, and that increase is expected to result in an increase in assessments by state guarantee funds to cover losses to policyholders of insolvent or rehabilitated companies. Those mandatory assessments may be partially recovered through a reduction in future premium taxes in some states. For all assessment notifications received, the Company has accrued for those assessments.
9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The employees of the Company have extensive experience and expertise in acquiring, managing and operating corporations and other business entities engaged in the general life insurance business as well as other financial and investment companies. None of the Company's subsidiaries has employees of their own. On January 1, 1993, FCC entered into an agreement with UG pursuant to which FCC provides management services necessary for UG to carry on its business. In addition to the UG agreement, FCC and its affiliates have either directly or indirectly entered into management and/or cost-sharing arrangements whereby FCC provides management services. FCC received net management fees of $10,464,000, $10,912,000 and $10,658,000 under these arrangements in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. UG paid $10,164,000, $10,587,000 and $10,368,000 to FCC in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
In addition to the above agreements, USA has a service agreement with UII to provide services for claim processing, underwriting, processing and servicing of policies, accounting services, agency services, data processing and all other expenses necessary to carry on the business of a life insurance company. Fees are based on percentages of premium revenue applied to both first year and renewal premiums. USA paid $2,015,000, $1,357,000 and $1,202,000 under this agreement in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
The agreements of the insurance companies have been approved by their respective domiciliary insurance departments and it is Management's opinion that where applicable, costs have been allocated fairly and such allocations are based upon generally accepted accounting principles. The costs paid by FCC for these services include costs related to the production of new business which are deferred as policy acquisition costs and charged off to the income statement through "Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs". Also included are costs associated with the maintenance of existing policies which are charged as current period costs and included in "general expenses".
The transactions described below, which transpired during 1994, were necessary to position Universal Guaranty Investment Company ("UGIC"), Investors Trust, Inc. ("ITI") and Commonwealth Industries Corporation ("CIC") for liquidation and dissolution.
Pursuant to an Agreement of Merger dated July 7, 1994 between Investors Trust Assurance Company, an Illinois life insurance company ("ITAC"), and ALIC, on July 31, 1994, ITAC merged with and into ALIC and ALIC was the surviving company. On the effective date of the merger, ALIC succeeded to all the rights and property of ITAC and assumed all of the liabilities and obligations and became subject to all of the debts of ITAC in the same manner as if ALIC had itself incurred them. The merger was approved by the Illinois Director of Insurance.
Prior to the merger of ITAC with and into ALIC, ITAC was a wholly owned subsidiary of ITI. ITAC owned 1,549,549 (approximately 66%) of the issued and outstanding common stock of UGIC. Prior to July 31, 1994, ITI was the indirect beneficial owner of the shares of UGIC common stock directly owned by ITAC. On July 31, immediately prior to the effectiveness of the merger of ITAC with and into ALIC, ITI purchased 758,946 shares of the UGIC common stock owned by ITAC. The total purchase price was $2,276,793. On July 31, 1994, ITAC also transferred to ITI at no cost 790,603 shares of the common stock of the Company. On such date, ITI became the direct beneficial owner of all 1,549,549 shares of the common stock of UGIC. In order to purchase the 758,946 shares of UGIC common stock, ITI received a loan from UTI and UII in the aggregate principal amount of $2,164,293. ITI transferred 721,431 shares of the common stock of UGIC that it purchased from ITAC to UTI and UII in payment of the loan. These shares were then contributed by UTI and UII to their subsidiary, UTG.
The balance sheet of Commonwealth Industries Corporation for the period ended July 31, 1994, included liabilities in the aggregate amount of $402,861 comprised of a future liability under a consulting agreement, escheat funds and an account payable. On July 31, 1994, these liabilities were assumed by UTG in exchange for 1,558,318 shares of the common stock of ITI.
The balance sheet of UGIC for the period ended July 31, 1994, included liabilities in the aggregate amount of $461,102. On July 31, 1994, these liabilities were assumed by UTG in exchange for 106,392 shares of the common stock of FCC and 315 shares of the common stock of CIC. The FCC shares transferred reduced UGIC's percentage ownership of FCC from 50.396% to 49.959%.
Prior to these transactions, UGIC, ITI and CIC each had liabilities in excess of assets excluding the stock holdings of their respective subsidiary. The 1994 transactions enabled the companies to extinguish their liabilities.
On August 15, 1995, the shareholders of CIC, ITI, and UGIC voted to voluntarily liquidate each of the companies and distribute the assets to the shareholders (consisting solely of common stock of their respective subsidiary). As a result of the liquidations, the shareholders of each company became shareholders of FCC, following the liquidations, UTG holds 72% of the common stock of FCC.
10. NOTES PAYABLE
At December 31, 1995, the Company has $20,623,000 in long term debt outstanding. The debt is comprised of the following components:
1995 1994 Senior debt $ 11,400,000 $ 12,300,000 Subordinated 10 yr. notes 5,370,000 5,670,000 Subordinated 20 yr. notes 3,830,000 3,530,000 Encumbrance on real estate 23,000 29,000 $ 20,623,000 $ 21,529,000
The senior debt is comprised of participations of the First Bank of Missouri, (First Bank of Missouri was the successor bank to a merger with First Bank of Gladstone, Citizen's Bank and Trust Company, and Bank of St. Joseph, all Missouri Banks), Massachusetts General Life Insurance Company and Philadelphia Life Insurance Company (the "Senior Lenders"). The loan is subject to a certain Credit Agreement between the parties stipulating the terms of the loan. The FCC Senior Debt bears interest at a variable per annum rate equal to 1% over the variable per annum rate of interest most recently announced by the First Bank of Missouri as its "Base Rate". As of March 1, 1996, the "Base Rate" was 8.25%. The principal balance of the FCC Senior Debt is payable in installments on June 1st of each year commencing June 1, 1994 and ending June 1, 1998. On January 31, 1996, FCC prepaid $1,500,000 of the $3,900,000 scheduled principal payment due June 1, 1996. At December 31, 1995, the principal amount of the FCC Senior Debt to outside parties was $10,400,000.
The Credit Agreement includes an earnings covenant which provides that FCC will not permit the sum of (i) the combined pre-tax earnings of the subsidiaries of FCC, excluding the results of any surplus relief reinsurance and any intercompany dividends, determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices, and (ii) the pre-tax earnings of FCC plus interest expense and non-cash charges, determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices, to be less than the amounts specified in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement requires that the earnings as specified above, be not less than $7,450,000 for 1995. The Company has not satisfied the earnings requirement for the past several years. The lenders have granted waivers or modifications to the earnings requirement in each of the past years in which the Company did not meet the requirement. Management expects similar treatment of the 1995 requirement.
The subordinated debt was incurred June 16, 1992 as a part of an acquisition. The 10 year notes bear interest at the rate of 7 1/2% per annum, payable semi- annually beginning December 16, 1992. These notes provide for principal payments equal to 1/20th of the principal balance due with each interest installment beginning June 16, 1997, with a final payment due June 16, 2002. During 1995, the Company refinanced $300,695 of the 10 year notes to 20 year notes bearing interest at the rate of 8.75%. The repayment terms of these notes are similar to the original 20 year notes. The 20 year notes bear interest at the rate of 8 1/2% per annum, payable semi-annually beginning December 16, 1992, with a lump sum principal payment due June 16, 2012. Scheduled principal reductions on the Company's debt for the next five years is as follows:
Year Amount
1996 3,900,000 1997 4,437,000 1998 3,137,000 1999 537,000 2000 537,000
11. OTHER CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE
On a cash basis, the Company paid $1,887,170, $1,883,198, and $1,836,881 in interest expense for the years 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. The Company paid $25,821, $190, and $425,071 in federal income tax for the years 1995, 1994 and 1993 respectively.
The Company held an investment in an intermediate parent, Commonwealth Industries Corporation ("CIC"), with a carrying value of $3,462,500. Upon liquidation of CIC in August of 1995, FCC received 372,506 shares of its own stock from the distribution of assets of CIC. These shares are classified as treasury stock with a basis equal to the carrying value of the original CIC shares.
12. DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
UTI and FCC have instituted a deferred compensation plan effective May 1, 1993 pursuant to which an officer or agent of FCC, UTI or affiliates of UTI, may defer a portion of their income over the next two and one-half years in return for a deferred compensation payment payable at the end of seven years in the amount equal to the total income deferred plus interest at a rate of approximately 8.5% per annum and a stock option to purchase shares of common stock of UTI. An officer or agent will receive an immediately exercisable option to purchase 23,000 shares of UTI common stock at $1.75 per share for each $25,000 ($10,000 per year for two and one-half years) of total income deferred. The option expires on December 31, 2000. At December 31, 1995 and 1994, the Company held a liability of $1,167,000 and $851,000, respectively, relating to this plan.
13. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
The Company maintains cash balances in financial institutions which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.
14. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 114 entitled "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan" and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 118, an amendment of Statement No. 114. The Statement amends FASB Statement No. 5 "Accounting for Contingencies" and FASB Statement No. 15 "Accounting by Debtors and Creditors for Troubled Debt Restructuring". This Statement, which becomes effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1994, applied to all troubled debt restructuring involving a modification of terms.
A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. As used in this Statement and in Statement 5, as amended, all amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the contractual interest payments and the contractual principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement. This Statement does not specify how a creditor should determine that it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a loan. A creditor should apply its normal loan review procedures in making that judgment. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in amount of payments does not require application of this Statement. A loan is not impaired during a period of delay in
payment if the creditor expects to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the contractual interest rate for the period of delay. Thus, a demand loan or other loan with no stated maturity is not impaired if the creditor expects to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the contractual interest rate during the period the loan is outstanding.
This statement was adopted for the 1995 financial statements. The adoption did not have any impact on the Company's financial statements.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121 entitled "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of". This Statement, becomes effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 1995, with early adoption encouraged.
An entity shall review long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the entity shall estimate the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Future cash flows are the future cash inflows expected to be generated by an asset less the future cash outflows expected to be necessary to obtain those inflows. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the entity shall recognize an impairment loss in accordance with this Statement. Otherwise, an impairment loss shall not be recognized; however, a review of depreciation policies may be appropriate.
This statement was adopted for the 1995 financial statements. The adoption did not have any impact on the Company's financial statements.
15. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th Premium income and other considerations, net $ 9,445,222 $ 8,765,804 $ 7,868,803 $ 7,018,707 Net investment income $ 3,868,022 $ 3,871,973 $ 3,746,400 $ 4,013,356 Total revenues $ 13,393,826 $ 12,589,288 $ 11,555,186 $10,826,874 Policy benefits including dividends $ 8,227,705 $ 8,940,389 $ 7,014,070 $ 7,041,851 Amortization of def. policy acquisitions $ 2,243,591 $ 2,601,769 $ 1,845,751 $ 694,340 Operating expenses $ 3,001,897 $ 2,296,482 $ 2,025,224 $ 3,349,393 Operating income (loss) $ (570,700) $ (1,722,716) $ 193,517 $ (734,749) Net income (loss) $ 124,352 $ (1,544,567) $ 1,186,214 $(1,217,637) Net income (loss) per share $ 0.01 $ (0.06) $ 0.05 $ (0.06)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Premium income and other considerations, net $ 8,964,962 $ 9,934,140 $ 7,910,808 $ 8,214,359 Net investment income $ 3,300,446 $ 3,417,511 $ 3,622,195 $ 3,848,309 Total revenues $ 12,681,470 $ 13,207,458 $ 11,297,282 $12,075,161 Policy benefits including dividends $ 7,383,334 $ 9,440,534 $ 8,994,923 $ 9,613,116 Amortization of def. policy acquisitions $ 1,759,083 $ 1,791,036 $ 1,797,961 $ 1,271,180 Operating expenses $ 2,214,390 $ 1,406,224 $ 2,345,992 $ 3,009,379 Operating income $ 876,062 $ 88,949 $ (2,346,822) $(2,325,535) Net income (loss) $ 768,075 $ 427,438 $ (2,090,687) $ (879,670) Net income (loss) per share $ 0.03 $ 0.02 $ (0.09) $ (0.03)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Premium income and other considerations, net $ 9,721,559 $ 8,651,168 $ 7,312,005 $ 7,411,913 Net investment income $ 3,949,496 $ 3,339,979 $ 3,353,208 $ 3,445,026 Total revenues $ 13,556,195 $ 12,159,438 $ 11,136,672 $ 10,332,416 Policy benefits including dividends $ 8,445,955 $ 9,282,815 $ 7,485,959 $ 5,052,857 Amortization of def. policy acquisitions $ 2,631,755 $ 1,564,443 $ 2,088,932 $ 1,850,218 Operating expenses $ 2,737,801 $ 2,702,851 $ 2,254,271 $ 2,905,800 Operating income $ (752,387) $ (1,880,563) $ (1,147,901) $ (243,179) Net income (loss) $ (650,633) $ (1,708,410) $ (588,683) $ (394,958) Net income (loss) per share $ (0.03) $ (0.07) $ (0.02) $ (0.02)
PART III
With respect to Items 10 through 13, the Company will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, within 120 days of the close of its fiscal year, a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14-A.
ITEM 10.

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information regarding directors of the Company will be set forth in the Company's proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held June 3, 1996, and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding executive officers of the Company is set forth under the caption "Executive Officers".
ITEM 11.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding executive compensation will be set forth in the Company's proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held June 3, 1996, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be set forth in the Company's proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held June 3, 1996, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions will be set forth in the Company's proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held June 3, 1996, and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 14.

ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of the report:
(1) Financial Statements: See Item 8, Index to Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule I - Summary of Investments - other than invested in related parties.
Schedule II - Condensed financial information of registrant
Schedule IV - Reinsurance
Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
NOTE: Schedules other than those listed above are omitted for the reasons they are not required or the information is disclosed in the financial statements or footnotes.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K filed during fourth quarter.
None
(c) Exhibits:
Index to Exhibits (See Pages 62 - 65).
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number
3(a) (1) Articles of Incorporation for the Company dated August 25, 1967.
3(b) (1) Amended Articles of Incorporation for the Company dated January 27, 1988.
3(c) (1) Charter Agreement for the Company dated May 22, 1991.
3(d) (1) Amended Articles of Incorporation for the Company dated March 12, 1993.
3(e) (1) Code of By-Laws for the Company dated September 30, 1992.
10(a) (1) Compromise and Settlement Agreement dates as of February 27, 1991, among First Commonwealth Corporation, Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company, Alliance Life Insurance Company, Roosevelt National Life Insurance Company of America, Abraham Lincoln Insurance Company, Appalachian Life Insurance Company, Liberty American Assurance Company, and Farmers and Ranchers Life Insurance Company, and Southshore Holding Corp., Public Investors, Inc., Fidelity Fire and Casualty Insurance Company, Insurance Premium Assistance Company, Agency Premium Assistance Company, Coastal Loans Acquisition Company, Bob F. Shamburger, Gary E. Jackson, Leonard H. Aucoin, Dennis J. Lafont, William Joel Herron and Jerry Palmer
10(b) (1) Credit Agreement dated as of December 11, 1989 among First Commonwealth Corporation, Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Investors Trust, Inc., Universal Guaranty Investment Company, John K. Cantrell, Mildred G. Cantrell and First Bank of Gladstone
10(c) (1) Guaranty Agreement among Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Investors Trust, Inc. and Universal Guaranty Investment Company dated as of December 11, 1989
10(d) (1) Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of December 11, 1989 between First Commonwealth Corporation and First Bank of Gladstone
10(e) (1) Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of December 11, 1989 between Commonwealth Industries Corporation and First Bank of Gladstone
10(f) (1) Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of December 11, 1989 between Universal Guaranty Investment Company and First Bank of Gladstone
10(g) (1) Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of December 11, 1989 between Investors Trust, Inc. and First Bank of Gladstone
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number
10(h) (1) Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated as of May 31, 1991 among First Commonwealth Corporation, Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Investors Trust, Inc., Universal Guaranty Investment Company, John K. Cantrell,, Mildred G. Cantrell, and the Banks
10(i) (1) Confirmation of Guaranty Agreement dated as of May 31, 1991 by Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Investors Trust, Inc. and Universal Guaranty Investment Company
10(j) (1) Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of May 31, 1991 by Universal Guaranty Investment Company
10(k) (1) Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of May 31, 1991 by First Commonwealth Corporation
10(l) (1) Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of May 31, 1991 by Commonwealth Industries Corporation
10(m) (1) Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of May 31, 1991 by Investors Trust, Inc.
10(n) (1) Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of June 12, 1992 among First Commonwealth Corporation, Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Investors Trust, Inc., Universal Guaranty Investment Company, John K. Cantrell, Mildred G. Cantrell, United Trust Group, Inc. and the Banks
10(o) (1) Confirmation of Guaranty Agreement dated as of June 16, 1992 by Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Investors Trust, Inc. and Universal Guaranty Investment Company
10(p) (1) Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of June 16, 1992 by Commonwealth Industries Corporation
10(q) (1) Amendment and Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of June 16, 1992 by First Commonwealth Corporation
10(r) (1) Amendment and Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of June 16, 1992 by Investors Trust, Inc.
10(s) (1) Amendment and Confirmation of Security Agreement-Pledge dated as of June 16, 1992 by Universal Guaranty Investment Company
10(t) (1) Pledge Agreement dated as of June 16, 1992 by United Trust Group, Inc.
10(u) (1) Note Purchase Agreement dated as of June 16, 1992 by United Trust Group, Inc.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number
10(v) (1) $1,909,882.00 Term Note of First Commonwealth Corporation to Massachusetts General Life Insurance Company dated as of June 16,
10(w) (1) $6,909,867.00 Term Note of First Commonwealth Corporation to Philadelphia Life Insurance Company dated as of June 16, 1992
10(x) (1) $5,453,509.30 Term Note of First Commonwealth Corporation to First Bank of Gladstone dated as of June 16, 1992
10(y) (1) $879,588.60 Term Note of First Commonwealth Corporation to Citizens Bank & Trust Co. dated as of June 16, 1992
10(z) (1) $1,847,153.10 Term Note of First Commonwealth Corporation to Bank of St. Joseph dated as of June 16, 1992
10(aa)(1) Subcontract Agreement dated September 1, 1990 between United Trust, Inc. and United Income, Inc.
10(bb)(1) Service Agreement dated November 8, 1989 between United Security Assurance Company and United Income, Inc.
10(cc)(1) Management and Consultant Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between First Commonwealth Corporation and Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company
10(dd)(1) Management Agreement dated December 20, 1981 among Commonwealth Industries Corporation, Executive National Life Insurance Company (now known as Investors Trust Assurance Company) and Abraham Lincoln Insurance Company
10(ee)(1) Reinsurance Agreement dated January 1, 1991 between Universal Guaranty Life Insurance Company and Republic-Vanguard Life Insurance Company
10(ff)(1) Reinsurance Agreement dated July 1, 1992 between United Security Assurance Company and Life Reassurance Corporation of America
10(gg)(1) United Trust, Inc. Stock Option Plan
10(hh)(1) Board Resolution adopting United Trust, Inc.'s Officer Incentive Fund
10(ii)(1) Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 1993 between Larry E. Ryherd and First Commonwealth Corporation and United Trust, Inc.
10(jj)(1) Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 1993 between Thomas F. Morrow and First Commonwealth Corporation and United Trust, Inc.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number
10(kk)(1) Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 1993 between James E. Melville and First Commonwealth Corporation and United Trust, Inc.
10(ll)(1) Employment Agreement dated as of June 16, 1992 between George E. Francis and First Commonwealth Corporation
10(mm)(1) Amendment Number One to Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 1993 between George E. Francis and First Commonwealth Corporation
10(nn)(1) Consulting Arrangement entered into June 15, 1987 between Robert E. Cook and United Trust, Inc.
10(oo)(1) Agreement dated June 16, 1992 between John K. Cantrell and First Commonwealth Corporation
10(pp)(1) Termination Agreement dated as of January 29, 1993 between Scott J. Engebritson and United Trust, Inc., United Fidelity, Inc., United Income, Inc., First Commonwealth Corporation and United Security Assurance Company
10(qq)(1) Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 20, 1992 between United Trust Group, Inc. and Sellers
10(rr)(1) Amendment No. One dated April 20, 1992 to the Stock Purchase Agreement between the Sellers and United Trust Group, Inc.
10(ss)(1) Security Agreement dated June 16, 1992 between United Trust Group, Inc. and the Sellers
10(tt)(1) Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 16, 1992 between United Trust Group, Inc. and First Commonwealth Corporation
Footnote (1) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, File No. 0-5392, as of December 31, 1993.
FIRST COMMONWEALTH CORPORATION CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT Schedule II NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(a) The condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes of First Commonwealth Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries.
* All assumed business represents the Company's participation in the Servicemen's Group Life Insurance Program (SGLI).
* All assumed business represents the Company's participation in the Servicemen's Group Life Insurance Program (SGLI).
* All assumed business represents the Company's participation in the Servicemen's Group Life Insurance Program (SGLI).
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
FIRST COMMONWEALTH CORPORATION Registrant
/s/ John S. Albin Date: March 26, 1996 John S. Albin, Director
/s/ John K. Cantrell Date: March 26, 1996 John K. Cantrell, Chairman of the Board and Director
/s/ William F. Cellini Date: March 26, 1996 William F. Cellini, Director
/s/ John W. Collins Date: March 26, 1996 John W. Collins, Director
/s/ George E. Francis Date: March 26, 1996 George E. Francis, Senior Vice President and Director
/s/ Donald G. Geary Date: March 26, 1996 Donald G. Geary, Director
/s/ James E. Melville Date: March 26, 1996 James E. Melville, Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director
/s/ Joseph H. Metzger Date: March 26, 1996 Joseph H. Metzger, Senior Vice President and Director
/s/ Luther C. Miller Date: March 26, 1996 Luther C. Miller, Director
/s/ Thomas F. Morrow Date: March 26, 1996 Thomas F. Morrow, Vice Chairman, Chief Operating Officer and Director
/s/ Robert V. O'Keefe Date: March 26, 1996 Robert V. O'Keefe, Director
/s/ Larry E. Ryherd Date: March 26, 1996 Larry E. Ryherd, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
/s/ Robert W. Teater Date: March 26, 1996 Robert W. Teater, Director
/s/ Howard A. Young Date: March 26, 1996 Howard A. Young Director