- Fire causes burning
- The candle is burning
- Hence, fire causes the candle to burn

- Fire causes the candle to burn
- Fire is a kind of chemical reaction
- So, the candle is undergoing a chemical reaction

- The candle is undergoing a chemical reaction
- Chemical reactions cause new substances to form
- So, a new substance is being formed in this process

Hence, a new substance is being formed in this process
Question
Which example shows a new substance being formed?

Context
- Fire is a kind of chemical reaction 
- Chemical reactions cause new substances to form 
- Fire causes burning 
- The candle is burning