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# Even and Odd Functions

Last updated date: 17th Apr 2024
Total views: 353.1k
Views today: 7.53k

## Introduction to Even and Odd Functions

Even and Odd functions form an important aspect in several mathematical analyses. These are functions which when taking an additive inverse, satisfy a specific symmetry.  A basic understanding of these functions is crucial for someone who wants to apply Calculus to real-life situations. These functions have several important applications in Mathematics.  Odd and even functions can be depicted algebraically or in the form of graphs. Refer to the official website of Vedantu for an elaborate and comprehensive explanation.

Functions are the basis of calculus. It is fundamental to the understanding of any real-life application of applied mathematics. A function indicates a correspondence between two variables. The dependence can be established in different forms such as tabular form, graphs and charts, or equational form.

To define, function from X to Y is a rule that maps each element in set X with a unique element in set Y. Set X is called the domain of the function whereas set Y is termed as co-domain.

## Variable in Functions

If f is a function, it is denoted as y = f(x); x is called the independent/exogenous variable and y is called the dependent/endogenous variable.

For a function to be defined, every element in the domain should be mapped to a unique element in the co-domain. However, not every element in the co-domain may be related to an element of the domain. The specific value of f(x) is known as the image of element x by function f. Therefore, the set of all elements in set Y that are images to at least one element in set X is called the range of the function. The range is a subset of co-domain as shown in the image below.

### Odd functions

If f is a real-valued function on a real set, f is even if:

-f(x) =f (-x)

Or, f (-x) +f(x) =0

If any given function follows the above rule, it is said to be an odd function.

The graph of any even function is rotationally symmetric along with the origin.

### Even functions

If f is a real-valued function on a real set, f is even if:

F(x)=f(-x)

Or, f(x)-f (-x) =0

If any given function follows the above rule, it is said to be an even function.

The graph of any even function is symmetric to the y-axis, i.e. it forms a mirror image.

### Solved Examples

It is essential to go through some examples to understand the above-mentioned points properly. Some illustrations on how to know if a function is even:

Example 1

F(x) = x² + 1

Solution:

Replacing x with (-x) in f(x)

Therefore, F (-x) - (- x²) + 1

Or, F(-x) = x² + 1

Or, F (-x) = f (x)

Hence, f(x) is an even function.

Example 2

f(x)= cos x

Solution:

Trigonometry confirms us that cos(x) = cos(-x)

Therefore, F (-x) = f (-x)

The cosine function is even.

Example 3

F(-x) = x3 - x

Now, substituting the value of x with (-x) in f(x)

Therefore, F (-x) = (-x3) - (-x)

Or,

F (-x) = (-x3) + x

Likewise,

-    F (x) = -(x3) – x

-    F (x) = -x3 + x

Thus, it appears that

f(-x) = f(x)

Hence, f(x) is an odd function.

### Some Basic Properties of Even Odd Functions

As a rule of thumb, every real-values function can be decomposed using an even and odd function. Let fe (x) represent an even function while fo(x) denotes odd function. Thus,

Any even function fe(x) = f(x)+f(−x)f(x)+f(−x)/2 and

Every odd function fo(x) = f(x)−f(−x)f(x)−f(−x)/2 and

f(x) = fe(x) + fo(x)

And, f(x) = fe(x) + fo(x)

There are instances of some functions satisfying the conditions of both even and odd functions. Such functions are defined everywhere in the real-value set.

The absolute value of an odd function is even.

### Algebraic Properties Even Odd Functions

• The addition of two even functions produces an even function.

• The addition of two odd functions produces an odd function.

• The subtraction of two even functions is even.

• The subtraction of two odd functions is a function.

• The addition/ difference of even and odd is neither even nor odd, except for the cases where one function is zero. The product of two even functions is even.

• The multiplication of two odd functions will turn out to be an even function.

• The multiplication of two even functions will turn out to be an odd function.

• The division of two even functions is even.

• The division of two odd functions is an even function.

• The product/division of an even and odd function is an odd function.

Practical tips to master the concepts of odd and even functions:

Even and odd functions form part of usual calculus. Those who find the concepts difficult to master can follow these simple tips to excel in the subject:

• Understand the meaning of even and odd functions by going through the definitions.

• Carefully go through the properties of each function multiple times.

• Try to refer to multiple sources to study the same topic to get a better overall perspective

• Use Vedantu's solutions when solving questions from the topic to understand the ideal way to reach the solutions.

• Practice as many questions as possible from the topic. Calculus and all the other seemingly difficult concepts become easier with diligent practice. Draw graphs for each question.

• Understand the practical applications of odd and even functions. Understanding the objective behind learning a particular topic helps to better relate to the concepts and understand them in a more profound way.

## FAQs on Even and Odd Functions

1. How to Determine if the Function is Odd, Even or Neither?

Given the formula for a function, we can identify if the function is odd, even or neither. Find below the provision that satiates the verification of the function:

Identify if the function satisfies the equation i.e. f(x) = −f(−x)f(x) = −f(−x). If it does, then it is an odd function.

Identify if the function satisfies the equation i.e. f(x) = f(−x)f(x) = f(−x). If it does, then it is an even function.

If the function does not fulfil the criterion of either rule, it is neither odd nor even.

Check out the Vedantu website or download the app for an easy explanation.

2. What do we Understand by Even and Odd Functions?

In the mathematical domain, odd functions and even functions are those functions that satisfy specific symmetry relations, regarding taking additive inverses. The basic knowledge of these functions is essential in applied mathematics.

Even function: a function is referred to as an even function if its graph along the y axis is symmetrical. This essentially means that a negative input will give the same output. The graph will depict a mirror image about the y axis.

In terms of Algebra, it is said to be even if f (-x) = f(x) for all the x in the domain of f where f represents the functions and x is the variable. This essentially means that a negative input will give the same output. The graph will depict a mirror image about the y axis.

Odd function: it is defined as f (-x) = -f (x). Graphically, this will give 180-degree symmetry about the origin.  When the graph is turned upside down it will look the same.

Both odd and even functions are symmetrical. An even function is symmetrical bout the y axis whereas an odd function is symmetrical about the origin.

3. What Makes Even and Odd Functions Important in Maths?

Odd functions and even functions are quite important in many areas of mathematical assessment, particularly the concept of Fourier series and power series. They are named concerning the parity of the powers of the power functions which further satisfy each condition. For example, f(x) = xn is an even function when n is an even integer, and it is an odd function when n is an odd integer.

4. Are odd and even function useful in real-life situations?

Yes, Even and odd functions find several important applications in real life. These real-time applications include engineering, quantum mechanics, Physics, etc. Even and odd functions can also be used to determine the speed, temperature, and motion of an object. Thus, students who wish to pursue engineering or any other field related to Mathematics or Physics must have a strong understanding of these concepts. students must understand their functioning and basic properties to be able to solve application-based questions and numerical in exams.

5. How to properly understand the concept of odd and even functions?

Students may often find the principles of odd and even functions difficult to comprehend in the beginning. However, they must realize that if they have taken Mathematics, then these are crucial concepts and they must have a clear understanding f them. Once understood well, these are not too difficult to follow. Vedantu offers several study materials along with free masterclasses, live videos, and personalized tuitions that may help students grasp seemingly difficult concepts easily with the help of our experts.
The text passage provides an introduction to even and odd functions, their definitions, properties, and examples. It also includes some practical tips for mastering the concepts and FAQs about the topic.
no_question

the passage does not contain any mathematical questions or answers to such questions. it is primarily expository, providing definitions, properties, and examples of even and odd functions.
Given a text passage, determine:
    1. If it contains a mathematical question (including word problems or calculations)
    2. If an answer to that mathematical question is provided in the text

First, describe the content structure you found in 1-2 sentences.

Then provide your analysis in the following format:
TYPE: <one of the following values>
- NO_QUESTION
- SINGLE_QUESTION
- SINGLE_QUESTION_WITH_ANSWER
- MULTIPLE_QUESTIONS
- MULTIPLE_QUESTIONS_WITH_ANSWERS
system
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Free study material
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# Even and Odd Functions

Last updated date: 17th Apr 2024
Total views: 353.1k
Views today: 7.53k

## Introduction to Even and Odd Functions

Even and Odd functions form an important aspect in several mathematical analyses. These are functions which when taking an additive inverse, satisfy a specific symmetry.  A basic understanding of these functions is crucial for someone who wants to apply Calculus to real-life situations. These functions have several important applications in Mathematics.  Odd and even functions can be depicted algebraically or in the form of graphs. Refer to the official website of Vedantu for an elaborate and comprehensive explanation.

Functions are the basis of calculus. It is fundamental to the understanding of any real-life application of applied mathematics. A function indicates a correspondence between two variables. The dependence can be established in different forms such as tabular form, graphs and charts, or equational form.

To define, function from X to Y is a rule that maps each element in set X with a unique element in set Y. Set X is called the domain of the function whereas set Y is termed as co-domain.

## Variable in Functions

If f is a function, it is denoted as y = f(x); x is called the independent/exogenous variable and y is called the dependent/endogenous variable.

For a function to be defined, every element in the domain should be mapped to a unique element in the co-domain. However, not every element in the co-domain may be related to an element of the domain. The specific value of f(x) is known as the image of element x by function f. Therefore, the set of all elements in set Y that are images to at least one element in set X is called the range of the function. The range is a subset of co-domain as shown in the image below.

### Odd functions

If f is a real-valued function on a real set, f is even if:

-f(x) =f (-x)

Or, f (-x) +f(x) =0

If any given function follows the above rule, it is said to be an odd function.

The graph of any even function is rotationally symmetric along with the origin.

### Even functions

If f is a real-valued function on a real set, f is even if:

F(x)=f(-x)

Or, f(x)-f (-x) =0

If any given function follows the above rule, it is said to be an even function.

The graph of any even function is symmetric to the y-axis, i.e. it forms a mirror image.

### Solved Examples

It is essential to go through some examples to understand the above-mentioned points properly. Some illustrations on how to know if a function is even:

Example 1

F(x) = x² + 1

Solution:

Replacing x with (-x) in f(x)

Therefore, F (-x) - (- x²) + 1

Or, F(-x) = x² + 1

Or, F (-x) = f (x)

Hence, f(x) is an even function.

Example 2

f(x)= cos x

Solution:

Trigonometry confirms us that cos(x) = cos(-x)

Therefore, F (-x) = f (-x)

The cosine function is even.

Example 3

F(-x) = x3 - x

Now, substituting the value of x with (-x) in f(x)

Therefore, F (-x) = (-x3) - (-x)

Or,

F (-x) = (-x3) + x

Likewise,

-    F (x) = -(x3) – x

-    F (x) = -x3 + x

Thus, it appears that

f(-x) = f(x)

Hence, f(x) is an odd function.

### Some Basic Properties of Even Odd Functions

As a rule of thumb, every real-values function can be decomposed using an even and odd function. Let fe (x) represent an even function while fo(x) denotes odd function. Thus,

Any even function fe(x) = f(x)+f(−x)f(x)+f(−x)/2 and

Every odd function fo(x) = f(x)−f(−x)f(x)−f(−x)/2 and

f(x) = fe(x) + fo(x)

And, f(x) = fe(x) + fo(x)

There are instances of some functions satisfying the conditions of both even and odd functions. Such functions are defined everywhere in the real-value set.

The absolute value of an odd function is even.

### Algebraic Properties Even Odd Functions

• The addition of two even functions produces an even function.

• The addition of two odd functions produces an odd function.

• The subtraction of two even functions is even.

• The subtraction of two odd functions is a function.

• The addition/ difference of even and odd is neither even nor odd, except for the cases where one function is zero. The product of two even functions is even.

• The multiplication of two odd functions will turn out to be an even function.

• The multiplication of two even functions will turn out to be an odd function.

• The division of two even functions is even.

• The division of two odd functions is an even function.

• The product/division of an even and odd function is an odd function.

Practical tips to master the concepts of odd and even functions:

Even and odd functions form part of usual calculus. Those who find the concepts difficult to master can follow these simple tips to excel in the subject:

• Understand the meaning of even and odd functions by going through the definitions.

• Carefully go through the properties of each function multiple times.

• Try to refer to multiple sources to study the same topic to get a better overall perspective

• Use Vedantu's solutions when solving questions from the topic to understand the ideal way to reach the solutions.

• Practice as many questions as possible from the topic. Calculus and all the other seemingly difficult concepts become easier with diligent practice. Draw graphs for each question.

• Understand the practical applications of odd and even functions. Understanding the objective behind learning a particular topic helps to better relate to the concepts and understand them in a more profound way.

## FAQs on Even and Odd Functions

1. How to Determine if the Function is Odd, Even or Neither?

Given the formula for a function, we can identify if the function is odd, even or neither. Find below the provision that satiates the verification of the function:

Identify if the function satisfies the equation i.e. f(x) = −f(−x)f(x) = −f(−x). If it does, then it is an odd function.

Identify if the function satisfies the equation i.e. f(x) = f(−x)f(x) = f(−x). If it does, then it is an even function.

If the function does not fulfil the criterion of either rule, it is neither odd nor even.

Check out the Vedantu website or download the app for an easy explanation.

2. What do we Understand by Even and Odd Functions?

In the mathematical domain, odd functions and even functions are those functions that satisfy specific symmetry relations, regarding taking additive inverses. The basic knowledge of these functions is essential in applied mathematics.

Even function: a function is referred to as an even function if its graph along the y axis is symmetrical. This essentially means that a negative input will give the same output. The graph will depict a mirror image about the y axis.

In terms of Algebra, it is said to be even if f (-x) = f(x) for all the x in the domain of f where f represents the functions and x is the variable. This essentially means that a negative input will give the same output. The graph will depict a mirror image about the y axis.

Odd function: it is defined as f (-x) = -f (x). Graphically, this will give 180-degree symmetry about the origin.  When the graph is turned upside down it will look the same.

Both odd and even functions are symmetrical. An even function is symmetrical bout the y axis whereas an odd function is symmetrical about the origin.

3. What Makes Even and Odd Functions Important in Maths?

Odd functions and even functions are quite important in many areas of mathematical assessment, particularly the concept of Fourier series and power series. They are named concerning the parity of the powers of the power functions which further satisfy each condition. For example, f(x) = xn is an even function when n is an even integer, and it is an odd function when n is an odd integer.

4. Are odd and even function useful in real-life situations?

Yes, Even and odd functions find several important applications in real life. These real-time applications include engineering, quantum mechanics, Physics, etc. Even and odd functions can also be used to determine the speed, temperature, and motion of an object. Thus, students who wish to pursue engineering or any other field related to Mathematics or Physics must have a strong understanding of these concepts. students must understand their functioning and basic properties to be able to solve application-based questions and numerical in exams.

5. How to properly understand the concept of odd and even functions?

Students may often find the principles of odd and even functions difficult to comprehend in the beginning. However, they must realize that if they have taken Mathematics, then these are crucial concepts and they must have a clear understanding f them. Once understood well, these are not too difficult to follow. Vedantu offers several study materials along with free masterclasses, live videos, and personalized tuitions that may help students grasp seemingly difficult concepts easily with the help of our experts.
user
The text passage provides an introduction to even and odd functions, their definitions, properties, and examples. It also includes some practical tips for mastering the concepts and FAQs about the topic.

TYPE: NO_QUESTION

The passage does not contain any mathematical questions or answers to such questions. It is primarily expository, providing definitions, properties, and examples of even and odd functions.