# Mesh-Current Method (Loop Analysis)

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1 Mesh-Current Method (Loop Analysis) Nodal analysis was developed by applying KCL at each non-reference node. Mesh-Current method is developed by applying KVL around meshes in the circuit. A mesh is a loop which doesn't contain any other loops within it. Loop (mesh) analysis results in a system of linear equations which must be solved for unknown currents. Reduces the number of required equations to the number of meshes Can be done systematically with little thinking As usual, be careful writing mesh equations follow sign convention. 1

2 Powerful analysis method which applies KVL to find unknown currents. It is applicable to a circuit with no branches crossing each other. no branches Crossing 2

3 Definitions A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other loops within it. i 4 i 1 A + - B i g i 2 C i 3 i 5 3

4 Steps of Mesh Analysis Step1 Identify the number of basic meshes. Step 2 Assign a current to each mesh. 4

5 Step 3 Apply KVL around each loop to get an equation in terms of the loop currents. Step 4 Solve the resulting system of linear equations. As an example V 1 + I 1 R 1 + (I 1 - I 2 ) R 3 = 0 I 2 R 2 + V 2 + (I 2 -I 1 ) R 3 = 0 5

6 Example Use mesh analysis to find the current i o Solution We apply KVL to the three meshes For mesh 1 Divide by 2 For mesh 2 Divide by 2 6

7 For mesh 3 at node A By Substitution Divide by 2 7

8 Cases to be considered for Mesh Analysis Case I A current source exists only in one mesh set i 2 = 5A and write a mesh equation for the other mesh For Loop i 1 + 6(i 1 -i 2 ) = 0 For Loop 2 i 2 = - 5A (No need to write a loop equation) 8

9 Case II A current source exists between two meshes Exclude this part 9

10 a supermesh was created by excluding the current source and any elements connected in series with it, Why??? Because mesh analysis applies KVL we do not know the voltage across a current source in advance. A supermesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or independent) current source in common. 10

11 Applying KVL to the supermesh i 1 i 2 Apply KCL to a node in the branch where the two meshes intersect. 11

12 Case III Mesh with Dependent Sources Solve for I x i x = i 1 - i i (i 1 -i 2 ) = 0 10i x + 20(i 2 -i 1 ) + 4i 2 = 0 Solve the two equations i (i 1 -i 2 ) = 0 (1) 10(i 1 -i 2 ) + 20(i 2 -i 1 ) + 4i 2 = 0.(2) then i 2 = 5A i 1 = 7A 12

13 Example: Use the mesh-current method to find i o 13

14 Solution meshes 1 and 2 form a supermesh meshes 2 and 3 form a supermesh 14

15 Applying KVL to the larger supermesh, 15

16 For the independent current source, we apply KCL to node P 16

17 For the dependent current source, we apply KCL to node Q: 17

18 Applying KVL in mesh 4, 18

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# Mesh-Current Method (Loop Analysis)

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1 Mesh-Current Method (Loop Analysis) Nodal analysis was developed by applying KCL at each non-reference node. Mesh-Current method is developed by applying KVL around meshes in the circuit. A mesh is a loop which doesn't contain any other loops within it. Loop (mesh) analysis results in a system of linear equations which must be solved for unknown currents. Reduces the number of required equations to the number of meshes Can be done systematically with little thinking As usual, be careful writing mesh equations follow sign convention. 1

2 Powerful analysis method which applies KVL to find unknown currents. It is applicable to a circuit with no branches crossing each other. no branches Crossing 2

3 Definitions A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other loops within it. i 4 i 1 A + - B i g i 2 C i 3 i 5 3

4 Steps of Mesh Analysis Step1 Identify the number of basic meshes. Step 2 Assign a current to each mesh. 4

5 Step 3 Apply KVL around each loop to get an equation in terms of the loop currents. Step 4 Solve the resulting system of linear equations. As an example V 1 + I 1 R 1 + (I 1 - I 2 ) R 3 = 0 I 2 R 2 + V 2 + (I 2 -I 1 ) R 3 = 0 5

6 Example Use mesh analysis to find the current i o Solution We apply KVL to the three meshes For mesh 1 Divide by 2 For mesh 2 Divide by 2 6

7 For mesh 3 at node A By Substitution Divide by 2 7

8 Cases to be considered for Mesh Analysis Case I A current source exists only in one mesh set i 2 = 5A and write a mesh equation for the other mesh For Loop i 1 + 6(i 1 -i 2 ) = 0 For Loop 2 i 2 = - 5A (No need to write a loop equation) 8

9 Case II A current source exists between two meshes Exclude this part 9

10 a supermesh was created by excluding the current source and any elements connected in series with it, Why??? Because mesh analysis applies KVL we do not know the voltage across a current source in advance. A supermesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or independent) current source in common. 10

11 Applying KVL to the supermesh i 1 i 2 Apply KCL to a node in the branch where the two meshes intersect. 11

12 Case III Mesh with Dependent Sources Solve for I x i x = i 1 - i i (i 1 -i 2 ) = 0 10i x + 20(i 2 -i 1 ) + 4i 2 = 0 Solve the two equations i (i 1 -i 2 ) = 0 (1) 10(i 1 -i 2 ) + 20(i 2 -i 1 ) + 4i 2 = 0.(2) then i 2 = 5A i 1 = 7A 12

13 Example: Use the mesh-current method to find i o 13

14 Solution meshes 1 and 2 form a supermesh meshes 2 and 3 form a supermesh 14

15 Applying KVL to the larger supermesh, 15

16 For the independent current source, we apply KCL to node P 16

17 For the dependent current source, we apply KCL to node Q: 17

18 Applying KVL in mesh 4, 18

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user
### Content Structure and Analysis

Content Structure and Analysis The provided text is a technical document focused on electrical circuit analysis, specifically the Mesh-Current Method (Loop Analysis). Here's the content structure and analysis:

1. **Introduction to Mesh-Current Method**:
   - Definition of a mesh as a loop that does not contain any other loops.
   - Overview of the method, which involves applying Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) around each mesh to form a system of linear equations.

2. **Steps of Mesh Analysis**:
   - **Step 1**: Identify the number of basic meshes in the circuit.
   - **Step 2**: Assign a current to each mesh.
   - **Step 3**: Apply KVL around each mesh to get an equation in terms of the mesh currents.
   - **Step 4**: Solve the resulting system of linear equations.

3. **Examples and Special Cases**:
   - **Example 1**: A simple example of using mesh analysis to find a current.
   - **Case I**: Handling a current source in a single mesh.
   - **Case II**: Handling a current source between two meshes (introduction to supermesh).
   - **Case III**: Handling dependent sources in a mesh.

4