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# Should I use U-substitution for finding the Integral of X^2/(x^2 + x-6)

I am trying to understand what's best to start this problem.

### 4 Answers by Expert Tutors

Robert J. | Certified High School AP Calculus and Physics TeacherCertified High School AP Calculus and Ph...
4.6 4.6 (13 lesson ratings) (13)
3

You can use partial fraction.

x^2/(x^2 + x-6)

= (x^2+x-6-x+6)/[(x+3)(x-2)]

= 1 - (x-6)/[(x+3)(x-2)]

Let (x-6)/[(x+3)(x-2)] = A/(x+3) + B/(x-2)

Multiply both sides by x^2+x-6,

- (x-6) = A(x-2) + B(x+3)

Let x = -3,

9 = -5A => A = -9/5

Let x = 2,

4 = 5B => B = 4/5

So, the integral becomes

∫1 - (9/5)/(x+3) + (4/5)/(x-2) dx

= x - (9/5)ln|x+3| + (4/5)ln|x-2| + c <==Answer

Grigori S. | Certified Physics and Math Teacher G.S.Certified Physics and Math Teacher G.S.
2

x2 + x - 6 = (x+3)(x-2)                           (1)

Its reciprocal equals

1/[(x+3)(x-2] = (1/5)[(1/(x-2)) - (1/(x+3))]    (2)

Thus, your function to be integrated is the differebce of two rational functions -

(1/5) x2/(x-2)     and   (1/5)x2/(x+3)       (3)

Now let's transform these expressions to make them intregrable (without 1/5 coefficient).

In the first one subtract and add 4 to x2, and in the second one subtract and add 9 to x2. We have

(if we make use of  the standard formula  a2 - b2 = (a+b)(a-b)  (notice: 4 = 22  and 9 = 32))

x2/(x-2) = (x2 - 4 + 4)/(x-2) = (x2 - 4)/(x-2) + 4 /(x-2) = x + 2 + [4/(x-2)]      (4)

and

x2/(x+3) = (x2 -9 +9)/(x+3) =(x2 -9)/(x+3) + 9/(x+3) = x - 3 + [9/(x+3)]       (5)

If you subtract these two expressions you will obtain:

5  + 4/(x-2)   - 9/(x+3)

∫ [x2/(x2 + x - 6)] = (1/5) [∫5 dx + 4 ∫dx/(x-2)  - 9 ∫ dx/(x+3)] =

(1/5) [ 5x  + 4ln(x-2) - 9 ln(x+3)] + C .

Ramesh V. | Personalized and Effective tutoring in Math and SciencePersonalized and Effective tutoring in M...
4.0 4.0 (1 lesson ratings) (1)
1

Please try integrating using partial fractions; factorize the denominator first.

David U. | Dave the Math TutorDave the Math Tutor
4.9 4.9 (245 lesson ratings) (245)
0

This is a partial fractions problem.  But notice that it's an improper fraction (because the highest power in the numerator is as large as the highest power in the denominator), so before you can apply the partial fractions technique, you need to use long polynomial division to break it down to 1 - (x-6)/(x2+x-6).  Now it's the sum of two terms.  The first term, 1, integrates immediately to x.  The second term (which includes the minus sign that precedes it)  is now a proper fraction (the highest power in the numerator is lower than the highest power in the denominator), so now you can go ahead and use partial fractions (as demonstrated in Robert J's answer) to break it down.  Once you've broken that fraction down to its two component fractions, you can integrate them separately.  Each one integrates as a natural logarithm (ln); if you're not confident about your integration of each of these, you should use u-substitution on each to clarify the situation.
The text passage contains a question about a calculus problem, specifically about the best method to start solving an integral. It also includes multiple answers from expert tutors, each providing a different approach to solving the integral.
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Given a text passage, determine:
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    2. If an answer to that mathematical question is provided in the text

First, describe the content structure you found in 1-2 sentences.

Then provide your analysis in the following format:
TYPE: <one of the following values>
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- MULTIPLE_QUESTIONS_WITH_ANSWERS
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1

# Should I use U-substitution for finding the Integral of X^2/(x^2 + x-6)

I am trying to understand what's best to start this problem.

### 4 Answers by Expert Tutors

Robert J. | Certified High School AP Calculus and Physics TeacherCertified High School AP Calculus and Ph...
4.6 4.6 (13 lesson ratings) (13)
3

You can use partial fraction.

x^2/(x^2 + x-6)

= (x^2+x-6-x+6)/[(x+3)(x-2)]

= 1 - (x-6)/[(x+3)(x-2)]

Let (x-6)/[(x+3)(x-2)] = A/(x+3) + B/(x-2)

Multiply both sides by x^2+x-6,

- (x-6) = A(x-2) + B(x+3)

Let x = -3,

9 = -5A => A = -9/5

Let x = 2,

4 = 5B => B = 4/5

So, the integral becomes

∫1 - (9/5)/(x+3) + (4/5)/(x-2) dx

= x - (9/5)ln|x+3| + (4/5)ln|x-2| + c <==Answer

Grigori S. | Certified Physics and Math Teacher G.S.Certified Physics and Math Teacher G.S.
2

x2 + x - 6 = (x+3)(x-2)                           (1)

Its reciprocal equals

1/[(x+3)(x-2] = (1/5)[(1/(x-2)) - (1/(x+3))]    (2)

Thus, your function to be integrated is the differebce of two rational functions -

(1/5) x2/(x-2)     and   (1/5)x2/(x+3)       (3)

Now let's transform these expressions to make them intregrable (without 1/5 coefficient).

In the first one subtract and add 4 to x2, and in the second one subtract and add 9 to x2. We have

(if we make use of  the standard formula  a2 - b2 = (a+b)(a-b)  (notice: 4 = 22  and 9 = 32))

x2/(x-2) = (x2 - 4 + 4)/(x-2) = (x2 - 4)/(x-2) + 4 /(x-2) = x + 2 + [4/(x-2)]      (4)

and

x2/(x+3) = (x2 -9 +9)/(x+3) =(x2 -9)/(x+3) + 9/(x+3) = x - 3 + [9/(x+3)]       (5)

If you subtract these two expressions you will obtain:

5  + 4/(x-2)   - 9/(x+3)

∫ [x2/(x2 + x - 6)] = (1/5) [∫5 dx + 4 ∫dx/(x-2)  - 9 ∫ dx/(x+3)] =

(1/5) [ 5x  + 4ln(x-2) - 9 ln(x+3)] + C .

Ramesh V. | Personalized and Effective tutoring in Math and SciencePersonalized and Effective tutoring in M...
4.0 4.0 (1 lesson ratings) (1)
1

Please try integrating using partial fractions; factorize the denominator first.

David U. | Dave the Math TutorDave the Math Tutor
4.9 4.9 (245 lesson ratings) (245)
0

This is a partial fractions problem.  But notice that it's an improper fraction (because the highest power in the numerator is as large as the highest power in the denominator), so before you can apply the partial fractions technique, you need to use long polynomial division to break it down to 1 - (x-6)/(x2+x-6).  Now it's the sum of two terms.  The first term, 1, integrates immediately to x.  The second term (which includes the minus sign that precedes it)  is now a proper fraction (the highest power in the numerator is lower than the highest power in the denominator), so now you can go ahead and use partial fractions (as demonstrated in Robert J's answer) to break it down.  Once you've broken that fraction down to its two component fractions, you can integrate them separately.  Each one integrates as a natural logarithm (ln); if you're not confident about your integration of each of these, you should use u-substitution on each to clarify the situation.
user
The text passage contains a question about a calculus problem, specifically about the best method to start solving an integral. It also includes multiple answers from expert tutors, each providing a different approach to solving the integral.

TYPE: SINGLE_QUESTION_WITH_ANSWER