CSE 373 Data Structures and Algorithms

Presentation on theme: "CSE 373 Data Structures and Algorithms"— Presentation transcript:

CSE 373 Data Structures and Algorithms
Lecture 12: Trees IV (AVL Trees)

Problem Cases for AVL insert
LL Case: insertion into left subtree of node's left child LR Case: insertion into right subtree of node's left child

Problem Cases for AVL insert (cont’d)
RL Case: insertion into left subtree of node's right child RR Case: insertion into right subtree of node's right child

Right rotation to fix Case 1 (LL)
right rotation (clockwise): left child becomes parent; original parent demoted to right

Left rotation to fix Case 4 (RR)
left rotation (counter-clockwise): right child becomes parent; original parent demoted to left

Left rotation, steps detach right child (70)'s left subtree (60) (don't lose it!) consider right child (70) be the new parent attach old parent (50) onto left of new parent (70) attach old right child (70)'s old left subtree (60) as right subtree of new left child (50)

Problem: Cases 2, 3 A single right rotation does not fix Case 2!
Similarly, a single left rotation does not fix Case 3!

Left-right rotation for Case 2
left-right double rotation: a left rotation of the left child, followed by a right rotation at the parent

Left-right rotation example

Left-right rotation, steps
perform left-rotate on left child perform right-rotate on parent (current node)

Right-left rotation for Case 3
right-left double rotation: a right rotation of the right child, followed by a left rotation at the parent

Right-left rotation, steps
perform right-rotate on right child perform left-rotate on parent (current node)

AVL tree practice problem
Draw the AVL tree that would result if the following numbers were added in this order to an initially empty tree: 40, 70, 90, 80, 30, -50, 10, 60, 40, -70, 20, 35, 37, 32, 38, 39 Then give the following information about the tree: size height balance factor at each node

Implementing AVL add After normal BST add, update heights from new leaf up towards root If balance factor changes to > +1 or < -1, then use rotation(s) to rebalance Let n be the first unbalanced node found Case 1: n has balance factor -2 and n's left child has balance factor of –1 fixed by performing right-rotation on n Case 2: n has balance factor -2 and n's left child has balance factor of 1 fixed by perform left-rotation on n's left child, then right-rotation on n (left-right double rotation)

AVL add, cont'd Case 3: n has balance factor 2 and n's right child has balance factor of –1 fixed by perform right-rotation on n's right child, then left- rotation on n (right-left double rotation) Case 4: n has balance factor 2 and n's right child has balance factor of 1 fixed by performing left-rotation on n After rebalancing, continue up the tree updating heights What if n's child has balance factor 0? What if another imbalance occurs higher up? If A has balance factor –2, then A’s left child cannot have balance factor 0 A’s left child has balance factor is –1 if and only if new node was added to subtree rooted at A’s leftmost grandchild A’s left child has balance factor is 1 if and only if new node was added to subtree rooted at A’s left child’s right child

AVL add outline public class TrackingStreeSet extends StreeSet {
protected StringTreeNode add(StringTreeNode node, String value) { // perform StreeSet add (i.e. regular BST add) // update node's height return node; } ... public class AVLStreeSet extends TrackingStreeSet { // perform TrackingStreeSet add and update node's height // rebalance the node protected StringTreeNode rebalance(StringTreeNode node) { int bf = balanceFactor(node); if (bf < -1) { if (balanceFactor(node.left) < 0) { // case 1 (LL insert) node = rightRotate(node); } else { // case 2 (LR insert) node.left = leftRotate(node.left); } else if (bf > 1) { // take care of symmetric cases

Problems for AVL remove
Removal from AVL tree can unbalance the tree

Right-left rotation on remove

AVL remove, cont'd Perform normal BST remove (with replacement of node to be removed with its successor) Update heights from successor node location upwards towards root if balance factor changes to +2 or -2, then use rotation(s) to rebalance Are all cases handled?

Why is this case not covered by insert? k1 C A k2 B Before removing from subtree C k1 C A k2 B After removing from subtree C
The content structure of the provided text is a presentation transcript on AVL Trees, which are a type of self-balancing binary search tree. It includes definitions, problem cases, rotation methods, and practice problems related to AVL Trees.
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the text does not contain a mathematical question or a request for a calculation. it is primarily descriptive, explaining the concepts and operations related to avl trees.
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CSE 373 Data Structures and Algorithms

Presentation on theme: "CSE 373 Data Structures and Algorithms"— Presentation transcript:

CSE 373 Data Structures and Algorithms
Lecture 12: Trees IV (AVL Trees)

Problem Cases for AVL insert
LL Case: insertion into left subtree of node's left child LR Case: insertion into right subtree of node's left child

Problem Cases for AVL insert (cont’d)
RL Case: insertion into left subtree of node's right child RR Case: insertion into right subtree of node's right child

Right rotation to fix Case 1 (LL)
right rotation (clockwise): left child becomes parent; original parent demoted to right

Left rotation to fix Case 4 (RR)
left rotation (counter-clockwise): right child becomes parent; original parent demoted to left

Left rotation, steps detach right child (70)'s left subtree (60) (don't lose it!) consider right child (70) be the new parent attach old parent (50) onto left of new parent (70) attach old right child (70)'s old left subtree (60) as right subtree of new left child (50)

Problem: Cases 2, 3 A single right rotation does not fix Case 2!
Similarly, a single left rotation does not fix Case 3!

Left-right rotation for Case 2
left-right double rotation: a left rotation of the left child, followed by a right rotation at the parent

Left-right rotation example

Left-right rotation, steps
perform left-rotate on left child perform right-rotate on parent (current node)

Right-left rotation for Case 3
right-left double rotation: a right rotation of the right child, followed by a left rotation at the parent

Right-left rotation, steps
perform right-rotate on right child perform left-rotate on parent (current node)

AVL tree practice problem
Draw the AVL tree that would result if the following numbers were added in this order to an initially empty tree: 40, 70, 90, 80, 30, -50, 10, 60, 40, -70, 20, 35, 37, 32, 38, 39 Then give the following information about the tree: size height balance factor at each node

Implementing AVL add After normal BST add, update heights from new leaf up towards root If balance factor changes to > +1 or < -1, then use rotation(s) to rebalance Let n be the first unbalanced node found Case 1: n has balance factor -2 and n's left child has balance factor of –1 fixed by performing right-rotation on n Case 2: n has balance factor -2 and n's left child has balance factor of 1 fixed by perform left-rotation on n's left child, then right-rotation on n (left-right double rotation)

AVL add, cont'd Case 3: n has balance factor 2 and n's right child has balance factor of –1 fixed by perform right-rotation on n's right child, then left- rotation on n (right-left double rotation) Case 4: n has balance factor 2 and n's right child has balance factor of 1 fixed by performing left-rotation on n After rebalancing, continue up the tree updating heights What if n's child has balance factor 0? What if another imbalance occurs higher up? If A has balance factor –2, then A’s left child cannot have balance factor 0 A’s left child has balance factor is –1 if and only if new node was added to subtree rooted at A’s leftmost grandchild A’s left child has balance factor is 1 if and only if new node was added to subtree rooted at A’s left child’s right child

AVL add outline public class TrackingStreeSet extends StreeSet {
protected StringTreeNode add(StringTreeNode node, String value) { // perform StreeSet add (i.e. regular BST add) // update node's height return node; } ... public class AVLStreeSet extends TrackingStreeSet { // perform TrackingStreeSet add and update node's height // rebalance the node protected StringTreeNode rebalance(StringTreeNode node) { int bf = balanceFactor(node); if (bf < -1) { if (balanceFactor(node.left) < 0) { // case 1 (LL insert) node = rightRotate(node); } else { // case 2 (LR insert) node.left = leftRotate(node.left); } else if (bf > 1) { // take care of symmetric cases

Problems for AVL remove
Removal from AVL tree can unbalance the tree

Right-left rotation on remove

AVL remove, cont'd Perform normal BST remove (with replacement of node to be removed with its successor) Update heights from successor node location upwards towards root if balance factor changes to +2 or -2, then use rotation(s) to rebalance Are all cases handled?

Why is this case not covered by insert? k1 C A k2 B Before removing from subtree C k1 C A k2 B After removing from subtree C
user
The content structure of the provided text is a presentation transcript on AVL Trees, which are a type of self-balancing binary search tree. It includes definitions, problem cases, rotation methods, and practice problems related to AVL Trees.

TYPE: NO_QUESTION

The text does not contain a mathematical question or a request for a calculation. It is primarily descriptive, explaining the concepts and operations related to AVL Trees.