#
GPT-NeoX-Japanese

##
Overview

We introduce GPT-NeoX-Japanese, which is an autoregressive language model for Japanese, trained on top of https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox. Japanese is a unique language with its large vocabulary and a combination of hiragana, katakana, and kanji writing scripts. To address this distinct structure of the Japanese language, we use a special sub-word tokenizer. We are very grateful to tanreinama for open-sourcing this incredibly helpful tokenizer. Following the recommendations from Google’s research on PaLM, we have removed bias parameters from transformer blocks, achieving better model performance. Please refer this article in detail.

Development of the model was led by Shinya Otani, Takayoshi Makabe, Anuj Arora, and Kyo Hattori from ABEJA, Inc.. For more information on this model-building activity, please refer here (ja).

###
Usage example

The `generate()` method can be used to generate text using GPT NeoX Japanese model.

    >>> from transformers import GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM, GPTNeoXJapaneseTokenizer

    >>> model = GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")
    >>> tokenizer = GPTNeoXJapaneseTokenizer.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")

    >>> prompt = "人とAIが協調するためには、"

    >>> input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").input_ids

    >>> gen_tokens = model.generate(
    ...     input_ids,
    ...     do_sample=True,
    ...     temperature=0.9,
    ...     max_length=100,
    ... )
    >>> gen_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(gen_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)[0]

    >>> print(gen_text)
    人とAIが協調するためには、AIと人が共存し、AIを正しく理解する必要があります。

##
Resources

- Causal language modeling task guide

##
GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig

###
class transformers.GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig

< source >

( vocab_size = 32000 hidden_size = 2560 num_hidden_layers = 32 num_attention_heads = 32 intermediate_multiple_size = 4 hidden_act = 'gelu' rotary_pct = 1.0 rotary_emb_base = 10000 max_position_embeddings = 2048 initializer_range = 0.02 layer_norm_eps = 1e-05 use_cache = True bos_token_id = 31996 eos_token_id = 31999 rope_scaling = None attention_dropout = 0.1 hidden_dropout = 0.0 **kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 32000) — Vocabulary size of the GPTNeoXJapanese model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the `inputs_ids` passed when calling `GPTNeoXJapanese`.
- hidden_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 2560) — Dimension of the encoder layers and the pooler layer.
- num_hidden_layers (`int`, optional, defaults to 32) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer encoder.
- num_attention_heads (`int`, optional, defaults to 32) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
- intermediate_multiple_size (`int`, optional, defaults to 4) — Dimension of the “intermediate” layer in the Transformer encoder is calculated by hidden_size * intermediate_multiple_size.
- hidden_act (`str` or `function`, optional, defaults to `"gelu"`) — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler.
- rotary_pct (`float`, optional, defaults to 1.00) — percentage of hidden dimensions to allocate to rotary embeddings
- rotary_emb_base (`int`, optional, defaults to 10000) — base for computing rotary embeddings frequency
- max_position_embeddings (`int`, optional, defaults to 2048) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with.
- initializer_range (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
- layer_norm_eps (`float`, optional, defaults to 1e-5) — The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
- use_cache (`bool`, optional, defaults to `True`) — Whether or not the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant if `config.is_decoder=True`.
- rope_scaling (`Dict`, optional) — Dictionary containing the scaling configuration for the RoPE embeddings. NOTE: if you apply new rope type and you expect the model to work on longer `max_position_embeddings`, we recommend you to update this value accordingly. Expected contents: `rope_type` (`str`): The sub-variant of RoPE to use. Can be one of [‘default’, ‘linear’, ‘dynamic’, ‘yarn’, ‘longrope’, ‘llama3’], with ‘default’ being the original RoPE implementation. `factor` (`float`, optional): Used with all rope types except ‘default’. The scaling factor to apply to the RoPE embeddings. In most scaling types, a `factor` of x will enable the model to handle sequences of length x original maximum pre-trained length. `original_max_position_embeddings` (`int`, optional): Used with ‘dynamic’, ‘longrope’ and ‘llama3’. The original max position embeddings used during pretraining. `attention_factor` (`float`, optional): Used with ‘yarn’ and ‘longrope’. The scaling factor to be applied on the attention computation. If unspecified, it defaults to value recommended by the implementation, using the `factor` field to infer the suggested value. `beta_fast` (`float`, optional): Only used with ‘yarn’. Parameter to set the boundary for extrapolation (only) in the linear ramp function. If unspecified, it defaults to 32. `beta_slow` (`float`, optional): Only used with ‘yarn’. Parameter to set the boundary for interpolation (only) in the linear ramp function. If unspecified, it defaults to 1. `short_factor` (`List[float]`, optional): Only used with ‘longrope’. The scaling factor to be applied to short contexts (< `original_max_position_embeddings`). Must be a list of numbers with the same length as the hidden size divided by the number of attention heads divided by 2 `long_factor` (`List[float]`, optional): Only used with ‘longrope’. The scaling factor to be applied to long contexts (< `original_max_position_embeddings`). Must be a list of numbers with the same length as the hidden size divided by the number of attention heads divided by 2 `low_freq_factor` (`float`, optional): Only used with ‘llama3’. Scaling factor applied to low frequency components of the RoPE `high_freq_factor` (`float`, optional*): Only used with ‘llama3’. Scaling factor applied to high frequency components of the RoPE
- attention_dropout (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The dropout ratio for the attention.
- hidden_dropout (`float`, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout ratio for the hidden layer. Example —

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a `GPTNeoXModelJapanese`. It is used to instantiate a GPTNeoX model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the GPTNeoXJapanese abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information. Default configs is set as 2.7B model

    >>> from transformers import GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig, GPTNeoXJapaneseModel

    >>> # Initializing a GPTNeoXJapanese gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b style configuration
    >>> configuration = GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig()

    >>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b style configuration
    >>> model = GPTNeoXJapaneseModel(configuration)

    >>> # Accessing the model configuration
    >>> configuration = model.config

##
GPTNeoXJapaneseTokenizer

###
class transformers.GPTNeoXJapaneseTokenizer

< source >

( vocab_file emoji_file unk_token = '<|endoftext|>' pad_token = '<|endoftext|>' bos_token = '<|startoftext|>' eos_token = '<|endoftext|>' do_clean_text = False **kwargs )

Parameters

- vocab_file (`str`) — File containing the vocabulary.
- emoji_file (`str`) — File containing the emoji.
- unk_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
- pad_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) — The token used for padding
- bos_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"<|startoftext|>"`) — The beginning of sequence token.
- eos_token (`str`, optional, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) — The end of sequence token.
- do_clean_text (`bool`, optional, defaults to `False`) — Whether or not to clean text for URL, EMAIL, TEL, Japanese DATE and Japanese PRICE.

This tokenizer inherits from PreTrainedTokenizer and is based on Japanese special Sub-Word-Encoding that is used in this repository (https://github.com/tanreinama/Japanese-BPEEncoder_V2). Check the repository for details. Japanese has a relatively large vocabulary and there is no separation between words. Furthermore, the language is a combination of hiragana, katakana, and kanji, and variants such as “1” and “①” are often used. In order to cope with these, this tokenizer has the following features

- Subword-by-subword segmentation, which is intermediate between byte strings and morphological analysis.
- BPEs are created for each Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana character, and there are no BPEs that cross character types, such as Kanji + Hiragana or Hiragana + Katakana.
- All-byte encoding that does not require <unk>.
- Independent of UTF codes such as 2-byte and 3-byte characters
- Conversion of heterographs to the same token_id
- Emoji and Emoticon are grouped into 12 types as special tags.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import GPTNeoXJapaneseTokenizer

    >>> tokenizer = GPTNeoXJapaneseTokenizer.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")
    >>> # You can confirm both 慶応 and 慶應 are encoded to 17749
    >>> tokenizer("吾輩は猫である🐯。実は慶応(慶應)大学出身")["input_ids"]
    [30014, 26883, 26638, 27228, 25, 26650, 31732, 31679, 27809, 26638, 17749, 31592, 17749, 31593, 321, 1281]

    >>> # Both 慶応 and 慶應 are decoded to 慶応
    >>> tokenizer.decode(tokenizer("吾輩は猫である🐯。実は慶応(慶應)大学出身")["input_ids"])
    '吾輩は猫である🐯。実は慶応(慶応)大学出身'

####
convert_tokens_to_string

< source >

( tokens )

Converts a sequence of tokens (string) in a single string.

##
GPTNeoXJapaneseModel

###
class transformers.GPTNeoXJapaneseModel

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (~GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare GPTNeoXJapanese Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top. This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module sub-class. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None past_key_values: Union = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None cache_position: Optional = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer.

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.
- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.
- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- past_key_values (`Cache` or `tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Two formats are allowed:

  - a Cache instance;
  - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy cache format.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to `position_ids`, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig) and inputs.

- last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

  If `past_key_values` is used only the last hidden-state of the sequences of shape `(batch_size, 1, hidden_size)` is output.

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`) and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` 2 additional tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, encoder_sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`.

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and optionally if `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The GPTNeoXJapaneseModel forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXJapaneseModel
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")
    >>> model = GPTNeoXJapaneseModel.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("日本語のGPT-neoxがHugging Faceで使えます😀", return_tensors="pt")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

##
GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM

###
class transformers.GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM

< source >

( config )

Parameters

- config (~GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

GPTNeoXJapanese Model with a `language modeling` head on top for Classifier Model fine-tuning. This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module sub-class. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

####
forward

< source >

( input_ids: Optional = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None head_mask: Optional = None past_key_values: Union = None labels: Optional = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None cache_position: Optional = None ) →
transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

Parameters

- input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

  Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer.

- attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 for tokens that are not masked,
  - 0 for tokens that are masked.
- token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 0 corresponds to a sentence A token,
  - 1 corresponds to a sentence B token.
- position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
- head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, optional) — Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
  - 1 indicates the head is not masked,
  - 0 indicates the head is masked.
- inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, optional) — Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
- past_key_values (`Cache` or `tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Two formats are allowed:

  - a Cache instance;
  - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy cache format.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

- use_cache (`bool`, optional) — If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
- output_attentions (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
- output_hidden_states (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for more detail.
- return_dict (`bool`, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
- cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to `position_ids`, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
- labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, optional) — Labels for computing the left-to-right language modeling loss (next word prediction). Indices should be in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels n `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`

A transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or a tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig) and inputs.

- loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, optional, returned when `labels` is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).

- logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

- past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, optional, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) — Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`)

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.

- hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

- attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, optional, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) — Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module` instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

    >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM, GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig
    >>> import torch

    >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")
    >>> config = GPTNeoXJapaneseConfig.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b")
    >>> config.is_decoder = True
    >>> model = GPTNeoXJapaneseForCausalLM.from_pretrained("abeja/gpt-neox-japanese-2.7b", config=config)

    >>> inputs = tokenizer("日本語のGPT-neoxがHugging Faceで使えます😀", return_tensors="pt")
    >>> outputs = model(**inputs)

    >>> prediction_logits = outputs.logits

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