TITLE: Factoring polynomials in several variables over algebraically closed fields
QUESTION [2 upvotes]: This is a follow-up to Projective Spectrum of $K[X,Y]$ .
I see why the given ideals are prime or even maximal, however, I have yet to prove that they in fact make up the entire spectrum of $K[X,Y]$.
Why is it that any polynomial other than the generators mentioned in the previous thread can be factored into degree one polynomials in X and Y?
I know that fixing, say, Y as an element of K will yield a polynomial in $K[X]$ which splits, but this decomposition shouldn't generally be an element of $K[X,Y]$.
Thanks in advance!

REPLY [2 votes]: Suppose $K$ is algebraically closed. If $P(X,Y)$ is homogeneous of degree $d$, then $P(X,Y)=Y^dP(X/Y,1)$. Let $Q(T)=P(T, 1)$ viewed as an element of $K[T]$, of degree $r$. Then $r\le d$. As $K$ is algebraically closed, $Q(T)=c\prod_{1\le i\le r}(T-\alpha_i)$ with $c, \alpha_i\in K$. Thus 
$$P(X,Y)=Y^{d-r}\prod_{i\le r}(X-\alpha_i Y).$$ 
If $K$ is not necessarily algebraically closed, the same method shows that $P(X,Y)$ is a product of homogeneous irreducible polynomials.
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