Sociological examples of ideologies include&colon; racism; sexism; heterosexism; ableism; and ethnocentrism. Exoticism may take the form of primitivism, ethnocentrism, or humanism. Cultural relativism was in part a response to Western ethnocentrism. They are lower in ethnocentrism, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and prejudice. Anthropologists commonly regard claims of chosenness as a form of ethnocentrism. In certain cases, it may be considered a form of ethnocentrism and American exceptionalism. Another ethical dilemma of ethnomusicological fieldwork is the inherent ethnocentrism (more commonly, eurocentrism) of ethnomusicology. This effect may also reflect consumers' ethnocentrism or patriotism. Denis Diderot was openly critical of ethnocentrism and the colonisation of Tahiti. Ethnocentrism plays a role in intercultural communication. Xenocentrism is countered by ethnocentrism, the perceived superiority of one's own society to others. Both had also urged anthropologists to conduct ethnographic fieldwork in order to overcome their ethnocentrism. The capacity to avoid ethnocentrism is the foundation of intercultural communication competence. Neo-Confucianism also introduced elements of ethnocentrism into Japan. Another issue that stands out in intercultural communication is the attitude stemming from Ethnocentrism.