Niobium becomes a superconductor at cryogenic temperatures. Cold emission of electrons is relevant to semiconductors and superconductor physics. A photon absorbed in the superconductor breaks Cooper pairs and creates quasiparticles. In a conventional superconductor, the electronic fluid cannot be resolved into individual electrons. Due to the Meissner effect, the magnetic induction inside the superconductor is zero. ESR is not relevant for calculating superconductor inrush currents or other peak currents. Three years later, Podkletnov reported the results of additional experiments with a toroidal disk superconductor. Suppose that a superconductor contains bosons with charge "q". The boundary conditions for the gluon field are those of the dual color superconductor. The first A15 phase superconductor was a vanadium compound, VSi, which was discovered in 1952. These surface currents shields the internal bulk of the superconductor from the external applied field. In a type II superconductor, electric charges condense into Cooper pairs. This process is used to manufacture some types of high temperature superconductor and laser crystals. Conductor consisting of superconductor and copper stabilizer and cold support are major costs in themselves. The system uses liquid nitrogen to cool the superconductor.