Many grand viziers, viziers, pashas and beylerbeyis were originally from Rumelia. Ali Pasha was the name of numerous Ottoman pashas named Ali. Pashas, or viceroys, represented the Istanbul government in name only, operating independently. On 2 November, the Three Pashas (Talaat, Enver, and Djemal) escaped from Constantinople into exile. During the 18th century, dynasties of pashas became established. They targeted Moroccan pashas still in Timbuktu and the "mansas" of Manden. Two of the three Pashas were later assassinated by Armenian vigilantes during Operation Nemesis. It was founded by the pashas of Ottoman Egypt in 1821. Subsequent "pashas" lost their grip on Timbuktu. She was successively the wife of two pashas. Two days later, the "Three Pashas" all fled into exile. On this a bloody struggle began between the two pashas. The coup by the three Pashas in 1909 marked the end of his reign. Pashas and Sanjak-Beys were responsible for administration, jurisdiction and defense.