These include carnotite, tyuyamunite, torbernite and autunite. Specimens of the rare uranium minerals, such as uranophane, torbernite, and autunite, have been found. Less commonly found with scholzite and torbernite. Oxidized ores include azurite, malachite, pseudomalachite, iron oxides, torbernite, saleeite, and phosphuranylite. Associate minerals include metaautunite, torbernite, phosphuranylite, saleeite, uranophane and sabugalite. As with torbernite, it is named after the Swedish chemist Tornbern Bergmann. However, torbernite, like other hydrated minerals, can easily suffer from loss of water molecules. In 1949, John Michael "Jack" White discovered torbernite in old nearby copper shafts. As torbernite is exclusively green, this can be a useful secondary fact. Curie's systematic studies included two uranium minerals, pitchblende and torbernite (also known as chalcolite). The archaic name "calco-uranite" pairs with the similarly composed mineral, torbernite, which was named "cupro-uranite". Torbernite is isostructural with the related uranium mineral, autunite. As a radioactive mineral, torbernite has some limited significance as a uranium ore. Torbernite frequently occurs in conjunction with other uranium minerals, as well as host rock minerals.