QCA can be performed probabilistically or deterministically with observations of categorical variables. A "deterministic stationary" policy deterministically selects actions based on the current state. Thus, decisions need not be deterministically transitive in order to apply probabilistic models. This latter problem is solved with a heuristic procedure rather than calculated deterministically. This example assumes that dominoes toppling into each other behave deterministically. If collapse is truly random, then no process or algorithm can deterministically predict its outcome. You still can deterministically predict its behavior (and use it for computation theoretically). Even in deterministically detrended random walks spurious correlations will eventually emerge. Another way of adapting the perturbation is to change deterministically its strength during the search. Messages may be padded randomly or deterministically, with each approach having different tradeoffs. In contrast, top physicist Michio Kaku, an AI risk skeptic, posits a deterministically positive outcome. A sorted linear hash table may be used to provide deterministically ordered sets. At least one Lyapunov exponent of a deterministically chaotic system is positive. This problem is overcome by allowing the parameters to vary deterministically with time. They are chosen deterministically, but randomly, in the entire address space of the network.