Factual and non-factual complex clauses are distinguished. His lawyer stated that all of the articles' "allegations and factual assertions are false". Schneider's statements have been discredited as lacking any factual basis. Some are based on novels, historical and factual events. A Congressional committee rejected this complaint for lack of factual and legal basis. That reality is essential for effective factual criticism. This may be factual, historical, or background research. Others doubt this on account of both legal and factual considerations. Shareholder rights are more conceptual than technical or factual. The umpire has absolute authority to make factual determinations. Science is the branch of knowledge dedicated to compiling factual information and understanding natural phenomena. Causation has two elements&colon; factual and legal. Others criticized Sandburg's failure to document sources and factual errors. It said the book contained "a disturbing number of factual errors". However, Muir took his journal entries further than recording factual observations.