Gendarmes and vigilantes bulldozed and burned homes by the thousands, attacking residents. By 1940, the Luxembourg army numbered some 13 officers, 255 armed gendarmes and 425 soldiers. The border was defended only by soldiers who had volunteered for guard duty and gendarmes. The regulars were thus supported by around 5,000 firemen, 3,000 gendarmes, and 15,000 sailors. The partisans opened fire and killed both gendarmes. There are reports of corruption and complicity among local police and gendarmes. The French cavalry consisted of 2,000 "gendarmes" and 1,200 lances fournies. The Genoese broke and fled before the furious charge of Bayard and the French gendarmes. Shots were fired at the troops, killing one of the gendarmes. Career gendarmes are either commissioned or non-commissioned officers. ONUC personnel and even diplomatic staff faced increasing harassment from Katangese gendarmes. Two gendarmes were killed during the confrontation. An estimated 600 former gendarmes led by Schramme were present in Kisangani during the mutiny. Efforts began to formalize the presence of exiled gendarmes in Angola. Salaria felt that it was prudent to attack before the gendarmes reorganised.