These bioactive substances act as an emmenagogue, diuretic and emetic. Cherokee women have used it as an emmenagogue. Gentian is a sialagogue, hepatic, cholagogue, anthelmintic, and emmenagogue. It is considered useful in curing persistent diarrhea as well as an emmenagogue. "Peganum harmala" has been used as an analgesic, emmenagogue, and abortifacient agent. Dioscorides, Pliny, and Galen all recommended sage as a diuretic, hemostatic, emmenagogue, and tonic. It has been used as an astringent, antiseptic, anti parasitic, anti-tussive, emmenagogue, and antispasmodic agent. Galen only listed pennyroyal as an emmenagogue, as did Oribasius. A decoction made from the bark was used as a diuretic and an emmenagogue. In India, the roots are considered a tonic, carminative and emmenagogue. It was first documented as an emmenagogue in St. Hildegard of Bingen's "De simplicis medicinae". Of the newer additions, motherwort is a nervine, emmenagogue, anti-spasmodic, hepatic, cardiac tonic, and hypotensive. Jasmine is also an emmenagogue and therefore should not be used during pregnancy.