Chronologically, action of cathepsin S follows two cleavages performed by aspartyl proteases. Virus-coded proteases perform the cleavages, some of which are intramolecular. Two separate, site-specific proteolytic cleavages are necessary for release of the transcriptionally active amino-terminal domain. Aguiyi-Ironsi inherited a Nigeria deeply fractured by its ethnic and religious cleavages. Economic, social, and political cleavages fragmented Germany's society. Stein Rokkan wrote a classic essay on crosscutting cleavages in Norway. Social or cultural cleavages thus become political cleavages once they get politicized as such. Much like status consistency, conflicts along the same cleavages intensify the severity of the conflict. APC inactivates Factor V by making three cleavages (Arg, Arg, Arg). The argument that parties are produced by social cleavages has drawn several criticisms. Similar historical cleavages also remain evident at the level of individual social identification. Western politicians rely on utilizing these social cleavages to garner support from voters. Augite has two prominent cleavages, meeting at angles near 90 degrees. At the eight-cell stage, having undergone three cleavages the embryo goes through some changes. Chinese Confucians consider these controversial issues to be cleavages within the fabric of social harmony.