The ash plume rose into the air. It is postulated that the Deccan Traps eruption was associated with a deep mantle plume. SESI consist of an electrospray plume of pure acidified solvent that interacts with neutral vapors. The rising mantle can form a plume or superplume. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an "exhaust plume". Others suggest an origin in the deep mantle (mantle plume). The process continues until the mantle plume itself collapses. Each successive volcano spends less time actively attached to the plume. The aquifer filled to hold nearly of water, underlying about in a plume thick. An alternate theory to the mantle plume model was proposed in 2018. The river pushes a vast plume of fresh water into the ocean. Iceland began to form 62 million years ago due to a particularly concentrated mantle plume. This is unexpected for the classic model of a hot, buoyant plume in the mantle. It depicts a starting rocket that rises on its exhaust plume. An exhaust plume contributes a significant infrared signature.