Carbonic acid includes both carbonates and bicarbonates. Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. These salts include sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and bicarbonates. Use of citrate results in the creation of carbonates and bicarbonates as byproducts. In order to control pH sodium bicarbonates are generally added. The less CO available, the fewer bicarbonates can be synthesized; therefore, the pH drops. The decrease in CO affects the amount of bicarbonates available. Bicarbonates in the saliva raise the pH inside the mouth.