Whether intended as a formal malediction or an emotional vituperation is less important. The Federalists, with twice as many newspapers at their command, slashed back with equal vituperation. The first party newspapers were full of vituperation. It led to considerable vituperation on the pages of "Science". Helmut is clearly amused by the vituperation between the two. In my last, I recollect, I bestowed some vituperation on female authors.