In some places Protestants challenged royal authority with riots and armed rebellions. There were no more rebellions or attempted coups. Cromwell led the charge in quelling these rebellions. Slaveholders feared slave rebellions and attempts of escape. There were many dissident elements that launched numerous rebellions and assassinations over the centuries. In colonial empires warlords served in both cooperative political capacities and as leaders of rebellions. I quelled repeated rebellions in al-Andalus. The rulers of regions that remained partly autonomous organized rebellions on various occasions. This is a list of revolutions and rebellions. This often led to rebellions and wars of succession. This provoked an explosion of popular rebellions across Spain. These culminated in the failed Rebellions of 1837. The battles fought during this period mainly consisted of agents of the Minamoto suppressing rebellions. There were two major rebellions against Richard during his reign. Henry spent much of his reign defending himself against plots, rebellions and assassination attempts.