This policy often takes the form of tariffs and restrictive quotas. Another early policy was the removal of export quotas and tariffs on corn and wheat. Policy applications include estimating the effects of changing tariff rates and trade quotas. Some countries have passed laws mandating boardroom gender quotas. There are different reasons for imposing export quotas from a country. Timmermans supported the mandatory migrant quotas within the EU. Governmental entities became exempt from H-1B visa quotas. Nonprofit research institutions sponsoring workers for H-1B visas became exempt from the H-1B visa quotas. Employees who exceeded monthly quotas received a percentage bonus. Law regarding quotas and affirmative action varies widely from nation to nation. The law allowed for the establishment of racial quotas at public universities. There was little U.S. immigration due to the national origin quotas of the immigration law. In 1985 the system of state purchasing quotas for agricultural products was abolished. Some groups have pressured for higher hunting quotas. The phrase implies criticism of racial quotas, immigration and multiculturalism.