Childhood diseases include pertussis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles and tetanus. Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses given. Oral polio vaccine results in vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in about three per million doses. Pediarix is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and poliomyelitis. Carriers of virulent strains spread polio, increasing the difficulty of poliomyelitis eradication. Smallpox, typhus, plague, poliomyelitis, and diphtheria were eradicated by 1981. Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. The history of polio (poliomyelitis) infections began popping up during prehistory. Poliomyelitis, caused by poliovirus often occurred in the summer months. The project fights polio through a large-scale, pulse vaccination programme and monitoring for poliomyelitis cases. Below are common enterovirus related diseases, including poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis and smallpox exist exclusively within a human reservoir. As a child, he had rheumatic fever, hepatitis, and poliomyelitis. Viral diseases such as hepatitis and poliomyelitis are frequently transmitted in this manner.