Dysplastic nevus syndrome is characterized by unusual nevi and multiple inherited melanomas. Non-epithelial malignancies such as melanomas and sarcomas are even more rare. Darkly pigmented lesions can be challenging to distinguish from nodular melanomas. Lutex has entered Phase II clinical trials for evaluation against breast cancer and malignant melanomas. Rarer still are melanomas and lymphomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. The technique has been tested on refractory stage IV metastatic melanomas and advanced skin cancer. For melanomas and basal-cell cancers, exposure during childhood is particularly harmful. Among the 25 melanomas, about 6,000 protein-coding genes had missense, nonsense, or splice site mutations. About 25% of melanomas develop from moles. Between 20% and 30% of melanomas develop from moles. About 60% of melanomas have this mutation. This is the ideal method of diagnosis of small melanomas (when performed as an excision). Pyrimidine dimers are the primary cause of melanomas in humans. About 60% of melanomas contain a mutation in the B-Raf gene. Approximately 5% of uveal melanomas involve the iris.