Chronic diseases are driven by risk factors that are largely preventable. Large parts of the world remained plagued by largely preventable or treatable infectious diseases. Vaccination policies aim to produce immunity to preventable diseases. Each year, millions of people die of preventable deaths. Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. Vaccine hesitancy has contributed to the resurgence of preventable disease. Thousands of Americans die each year from cancers preventable by the vaccine. The independent advisory group meets biannually to address issues pertaining to preventable infectious diseases. Retinopathy of prematurity is largely preventable by screening. Falls in older adults are a major class of preventable injuries. NAFLD is a preventable cause of death. Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems. Important responsibilities, undesirable outcomes, or preventable atrocities may justify war. Tobacco use is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. This makes it the most common cause of preventable early death.