The spinal joints become stiff in cervical spondylosis. The cervical spinal nerves emerge from above the cervical vertebrae. Persistent HPV infection increases the risk for developing cervical carcinoma. Lumbar stenosis is the most common, followed by cervical stenosis. Gardasil 6 is an HPV vaccine aimed at preventing cervical cancers and genital warts. The esophagus is innervated by the vagus nerve and the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk. About 30% of cases of delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injury develop permanent neurological deficits. These far outweigh the female mortality rate from breast cancer and cervical cancer. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. HPV is necessary for cervical cancer to occur. It is divided into cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts. Smoking predisposes one to developing cervical abnormalities. It was not until the 1980s that HPV was identified in cervical cancer tissue. Condoms may also be useful in treating potentially precancerous cervical changes. Current preventive vaccines reduce but do not eliminate the chance of getting cervical cancer.