Energy cascades are also important for wind waves in the theory of wave turbulence. Wingtip vortices form the primary component of wake turbulence. Operational resolution should be worse due to effects of the atmospheric turbulence. When the interstellar wind hits the heliosphere it slows and creates a region of turbulence. Congestus clouds are capable of producing severe turbulence and showers of moderate to heavy intensity. Secondary effects pertaining to turbulence and separation of the boundary layer are secondary factors. The ride feels like a plane in high turbulence. This head loss is achieved by friction/turbulence within the emitter. The first officer's predisposition to overreact to wake turbulence caused panic. Counteracting this effect is the viscosity of the fluid, which tends to inhibit turbulence. Pilots are responsible for maintaining a safe approach interval and wake turbulence separation. Weather conditions are discussed including anticipated turbulence. The pilot is responsible for wake turbulence separation. All of the losses were due to engine failures or effects of turbulence. Counteracting this effect, decreased viscosity in a liquid results in the potential for increased turbulence.