Disc herniations of spinal vertebral discs are removed with special rongeurs. Computed tomography can be helpful in evaluating bony vertebral abnormalities, such as fractures. They form the posterior portion of the vertebral arch. Vertebrae take their names from the regions of the vertebral column that they occupy. Bisphosphonates are beneficial in reducing the risk of vertebral fracture in steroid induced osteoporosis. The lumbar section of the vertebral column was shortened. Other anastomoses between the carotid and vertebral arteries support this effect. It is a major risk of many types of vertebral fracture. It communicates with the vertebral venous plexuses. Diverticula filled the various fossae and that formed depressions in the vertebral bone walls. Vertebral osteomyelitis is another possible presentation. This is in direct contrast to the chiropractic belief of "vertebral subluxation". Some hip muscles also act on either the knee joint or on vertebral joints. Spina bifida can result from the incomplete formation of the vertebral arch. Spondylosis is the degeneration of the vertebral column from any cause.