Procedures for implementing antisepsis varied among physicians and experienced constant changes. Schede was a pioneer of antisepsis in Germany. The line between antisepsis and asepsis is interpreted differently, depending on context and time. Tait was suspicious of the prevailing practice of antisepsis, advocated for by Joseph Lister. Both Koch and Pasteur played a role in improving antisepsis in medical treatment. The peak was about 1870, after which antisepsis and asepsis gradually brought them under control. He also used steam sterilized dressing material, demonstrating its superiority to chemical antisepsis.