Fleming was a vitalist who was strongly opposed to materialism. He has been described as a "theistic vitalist". In 1872, Beale created the vitalist term "bioplasm", to contrast with the materialism of Huxley. Von Reichenbach did not tie Odic force into other vitalist theories. He had however found the vitalist ideas of Henri Bergson inspirational. Beale has been described as a "staunch vitalist". Teilhard made sense of the universe by assuming it had a vitalist evolutionary process. Kent was a vitalist and believer in a "vital force". Whether emergence should be grouped with traditional vitalist concepts is a matter of semantic controversy. He named this vitalist concept "Odic force". To this vitalist manifestation he gave the name "Odic force". Argan's explanation is at best empty (devoid of mechanism), at worst vitalist. Initially, he followed the vitalist trend, but later moved to more reflexive poetry.