Tyler and Marla embark on an uneasy affair that confounds the narrator and confuses Marla. DNA research sometimes confounds rather than clarifies species ranking. He confounds everybody because of that, and people ascribe him meaning. The irrational maintenance of the status quo bias links and confounds many cognitive biases. Despite its seemingly straightforwardness, there are several confounds with this technique. Failure to activate both recombination events simultaneously confounds the interpretation of cell fate mapping results. Jesus then confounds the listeners' expectations when the younger son is shown to be foolish. "Yerba mansa" is one of those names which confounds linguists. He confounds many expectations of Native American characters. This characteristic confounds scientific isolation of specific anthocyanin mechanisms "in vivo". "Mutilator Defeated At Last" confounds those expectations. Dejected and depressed, Dan confounds the ban and goes to see Mona. This too confounds the town, including Everett. Because summer school programs are voluntary, self-selection also confounds the effects of attending. He confounds Vimes by his fond memories of Ankh-Morpork, and even Cut-Me-Own-Throat Dibbler.