Iconoclasm was later definitively classed as heretical. This was followed by cases of Protestant iconoclasm and Catholic reprisals. In most of Northern Europe such pictures were systematically destroyed in bouts of Reformation iconoclasm. Scotland's ecclesiastical art paid a heavy toll as a result of Reformation iconoclasm. Reformation was accompanied by iconoclasm and widespread destruction of art, including in the Low Countries. Ravenna remained the seat of the exarch until the revolt of 727 over iconoclasm. Ravenna remained the seat of the Exarch until the revolt of 727 over Iconoclasm. The Queen was disappointed by the extreme iconoclasm of the Protestants during the visitations. The iconoclasm of the Byzantine Isaurian Dynasty was endorsed by the Franks. Michael continued the practice of iconoclasm, which had been reinvigorated by Leo V. From 1520, outbursts of reformist iconoclasm broke out across much of Northern Europe. This pattern of iconoclasm was common during his reign. This was contemporary with the Byzantine iconoclasm (see below). Such icons were seen as powerful arguments against iconoclasm. There were widespread, but generally orderly outbreaks of iconoclasm.