Most cases are litigated in state courts and involve claims and defenses under state laws. The Militia Acts were never federally enforced, so their constitutionality was never litigated. Such patents are not litigated in the Unified Patent Court. In "collateral estoppel" the judgment is conclusive only regarding the issues which were litigated. The regulations involving CAFO permitting have been extensively litigated. Once done, the forfeiture case is fully litigated in court. This legal standard continues to be actively litigated in capital cases. Bill 99's constitutionality is currently being litigated. Environmental impacts were litigated in U.S. District Court in Boston. This has been litigated before the Supreme Court. The Einstein rights were litigated in 2015 in a federal district court in California. Geller has litigated or threatened legal action against some of his critics with mixed success. Both filed patents, which were later litigated. The album was released without the writing controversy ever being litigated or publicly resolved. The planned closing was unsuccessfully litigated to the US Supreme Court in "Dalton v. Specter".