These findings refute Janis' claim about group cohesiveness predicting groupthink. Critics interpreted the lyrics and video as a warning against groupthink and authoritarianism. This phenomenon is called group homogeneity, which is an antecedent to groupthink. Online comments from astroturfing employees can also sway the discussion through the influence of groupthink. Group homogeneity and group insulation are generally supported as factors predictive of groupthink. Homogeneity might lead to groupthink and hamper performance. The same study indicates that level of group cohesiveness is insignificant in predicting groupthink occurrence. More problematic is the phenomenon of groupthink. EPE is a negative consequence of phenomena such as spreadthink and groupthink. It encourages healthy conflict as a source of avoiding groupthink. Irving Janis pioneered the initial research on the groupthink theory. To make groupthink testable, Irving Janis devised eight symptoms indicative of groupthink. Badu has expressed that her video is a criticism of the psychological concept groupthink. Understanding Groupthink causes and techniques to mitigate.