China produces 400 tons of predominantly Sika deer velvet antler annually. The red deer can produce of antler velvet annually. Wood, bone, shell, antler (deer) and other materials were widely used, as well. These include the Lapps, for whom the W of Cassiopeia forms an elk antler. Early materials included wood, bone, horn, antler and ivory. Tools and ornaments made of antler and bone were found. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. Some heads were also made of wood, bone or antler. The thinning flakes were removed using a softer hammer, such as bone or antler. The cave shows signs of butchering but no presence of bone or antler tools. Nuts were made of antler, bone, or metal. There are numerous causes for the deterioration of bone, antler, and horn. Burins and racloirs were used to work bone, antler and hides. The rake was made from wood or an antler. One of Sven's earlier designs depicted him as a reindeer with just one antler.