Alkaloid content in the flowers is mainly atropine with only traces of scopolamine (hyoscine). Hyoscine and anisodamine are used medicinally in China. It contained two alkaloids, hyoscyamine and hyoscine. Methscopolamine is an FDA-approved analog to hyoscine butylbromide. It is a quaternary ammonium compound and a semisynthetic derivative of hyoscine hydrobromide (scopolamine). Unofficial estimates put the number of annual hyoscine incidents in Colombia at approximately 50,000. Werdegast treats Joan's injury, administering the tranquilizing drug hyoscine, causing her to behave erratically. Examples of related tropane alkaloids include atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine. Hyoscine butylbromide is effective in treating crampy abdominal pain. It is manufactured from hyoscine which occurs naturally in the plant deadly nightshade. Hyoscine transdermal patches must be used for hours to days. Historically, the various plants which produce hyoscine have been used psychoactively for spiritual purposes. Scopolamine (Hyoscine) has anti-emetic activity and is, therefore, used to treat motion sickness. The biosynthesis of hyoscine begins with the decarboxylation of L-ornithine to putrescine by ornithine decarboxylase. Hyoscine butylbromide is not centrally active and has a low incidence of abuse.