Trees grafted on dwarfing rootstocks bear about of fruit per year. Malling 9 rootstock is the most common and well known dwarfing rootstock. The trees are often grown on dwarfing rootstocks to keep them smaller for easier harvesting. Plant dwarfing often uses selective breeding or genetic engineering to create dwarf cultivars. Soursop on pond-apple rootstock has a dwarfing effect. East Malling Research is a pioneer in the development of dwarfing rootstocks. It is used for dwarfing rootstock for other cherries. Dwarfing is an important agronomic quality for wheat; dwarf plants produce thick stems. This natural process is distinct from the intentional creation of dwarf breeds, called dwarfing. The process of dwarfing is used to selectively breed for smaller stature with each generation. However, the pygmy mammoth underwent dwarfing as the Channel Islands became isolated. Trailblazer required billions of dollars, dwarfing the cost of ThinThread. The process of insular dwarfing can occur relatively rapidly by evolutionary standards. The tree is famous for its small dwarfing growth habit. High summer temperatures and insufficient moisture cause dwarfing and malformations of some snails.