PCR can have positive varicella zoster virus. Herpes zoster virus can attack the ciliary ganglion. The characteristic skin lesions of a varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection are called "chickenpox". These infections include, among others, various viruses (measles, varicella zoster encephalitis, rubella, enterovirus 71). The usage expanded to include topical treatment of herpes simplex, zoster, and varicella. Herpes zoster (shingles) may also cause posterior hip pain. Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in a person's body. Immunologic side effects have included herpes zoster (shingles) and case reports of opportunistic infections. Repeated exposure to chickenpox may protect against zoster. Postherpetic neuralgia is thought to be due to nerve damage caused by herpes zoster. The rash caused by herpes zoster (Shingles) follows such dermatomal lines. In 2013 there were 140 million cases of chickenpox and herpes zoster worldwide. Brivudine is used for the treatment of herpes zoster in adult patients. There is a short-term risk of developing herpes zoster (shingles) following vaccination. PHN is the most common long-term complication of herpes zoster.