Otherwise, treatments may include minoxidil, finasteride, or hair transplant surgery. Combinations of finasteride, minoxidil and ketoconazole are more effective than individual use. Finasteride and minoxidil are usually first line therapy for its treatment. Interventions that can be tried include the medications minoxidil (or finasteride) and hair transplant surgery. Elmer Fudd is shown trying to use minoxidil to regrow his hair. Oral and topical minoxidil treatments are also known to cause acquired generalized hypertrichosis. Some patients may benefit with preoperative topical minoxidil application and vitamins. Calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, diazoxide, and minoxidil can cause hyperkalemia. Minoxidil, applied topically, is widely used for the treatment of hair loss. Minoxidil is a medication used for the treatment of male-pattern hair loss. Temporary hair loss is a common side effect of minoxidil treatment. In 1998, a 5% formulation of minoxidil was approved for nonprescription sale by the FDA. Pseudoacromegaly is an extremely rare side effect reported with large doses of oral minoxidil. Minoxidil use is indicated for central (vertex) hair loss only. Minoxidil dilates small blood vessels; it is not clear how this causes hair to grow.