Some important derivatives include the pesticides chloropicrin (ClCNO), beta-nitrostyrene, and tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, ((HOCH)CNO). CNS has the lachrymatory effects of chloroacetophenone and choking effects of chloropicrin. California farmers are limited to an application of chloropicrin on forty acres per day. Opposition members threw raw sewage, Chloropicrin, and stones, and fought with sickles and bamboo spears. In 2015, the DPR set regulation of the pesticide chloropicrin higher than the EPA. Diluted chloropicrin was used to test industrial gas masks. The primary chemical agent in this grenade is 500g of Chloropicrin, which is an irritant. I German forces used concentrated chloropicrin against Allied forces as a tear gas. The octanol-water partition coefficient ("K") of chloropicrin is estimated to be 269. Early preparations, using stannous chloride as the reductant, also started with chloropicrin. At Chittening, Nobel Explosives filled shells with chloropicrin, derived industrially from picric acid. Chloropicrin was discovered in 1848 by Scottish chemist John Stenhouse. Chloropicrin was manufactured for use as poison gas in World War I. Chloropicrin affects a broad spectrum of fungi, microbes, insects. The Soviet Army used chloropicrin in tents with a floor space of 16 square meters.