In response, the Episcopal Church placed a moratorium on confirming the consecrations of all bishops. Since 1998, the did not permit bishops to participate in episcopal consecrations. The Catechism of the Catholic Church lists three types of sacramentals&colon; blessings, consecrations/dedications, and exorcisms. For the consecrations, from 1917 onward bishops from other churches were invited as guests. Thuc recanted and repudiated his consecrations for the Palmar-based Carmelite Order of the Holy Face. Pope Leo XIII performed a number of consecrations, at times entering new theological territory. Meetings and consecrations are held at shrines days before the festival. This greatly helped the spread of devotions and consecrations to the Immaculata. Consecrations derived from Mathew were not recognised by the . The participation of Spalato was a form of giving additional weight to the consecrations. He received the minor consecrations and also a higher one, becoming Subdeacon. Since 2006, Milingo has performed at least four other consecrations.