The hypersensitivity of vagal afferent nerves causes refractory or idiopathic cough. The base of the furnace is a hearth of refractory material (bricks or castable refractory). Corpus callosotomy is a palliative surgical procedure for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. These drugs are regarded as promising cancer therapies, especially for patients with refractory/advanced cancers. BIOX is a biological method for dissolving refractory gold ores. Molybdenum is the most commonly used of the refractory metals. Plantar fasciotomy is a surgical treatment and the last resort for refractory plantar fasciitis pain. Arginine hydrochloride is used to treat refractory metabolic alkalosis. Mill scale can be used as a raw material in granular refractory. Botulinum toxin appears to be effective for refractory overactive bladder. The outlook in MDS is variable, with about 30% of patients progressing to refractory AML. Creep resistance is a key property of the refractory metals. Explosive spalling events of refractory concrete can result in serious problems. These conditions were lumped together with other diseases under the term "refractory anemia". Refractory bricks are designed in several layers.