Eradication can be accomplished by aerial spraying or manual eradication. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was established. Carriers of virulent strains spread polio, increasing the difficulty of poliomyelitis eradication. Smallpox virus devastated numerous societies throughout history before its eradication. Vaccination would revolutionize the control of smallpox, leading to its eventual eradication. Disrupting the market relies on eradication, interdiction and domestic law enforcement efforts. Lesser known is his contribution to the UNICEF polio eradication programme. Some continue to campaign for polio eradication or disability rights. Animals continued to be widely used by vaccine producers during the smallpox eradication campaign. The hypothesis is suggested to have implications for the eradication of pests, and resource management. The prototypical poxvirus is vaccinia virus, known for its role in the eradication of smallpox. Suharto endorsed a systematic campaign of eradication of Confucianism. He is committed to the eradication of cholera and to the promotion of public works. Chlorine dioxide was shown to be effective in bedbug eradication. Hubs are also important in the eradication of disease.