Performing extrapolation relies strongly on the regression assumptions. Further, the equation helps interpolation and extrapolation. Two basic methods can be used to accomplish this; extrapolation and interpolation. Mechanistic SDMs incorporate causal mechanisms and are better for extrapolation and non-equilibrium situations. Some experts have proposed the use of causal forces in the evaluation of extrapolation methods. The Richardson extrapolation can be considered as a linear sequence transformation. Outside this interval, the formula is identical to linear extrapolation. These thresholds were determined by extrapolation from SN1987A data. High-order polynomial extrapolation must be used with due care. Estimates for 2011 are made based on an extrapolation of trends from previous years. Academic journals which publish essays on speculative fiction include "Extrapolation", and "Foundation". Myron's evidence is interpreted as an extrapolation from actions performed on symbolic representatives. This defense can be overcome by retrograde extrapolation "(infra)", but complicates prosecution. Starting in 1871, the figures were determined by non-uniform method of tabulation using extrapolation. A containment hierarchy is a direct extrapolation of the nested hierarchy concept.