Sexual abstinence or effective contraception is mandatory during this period. Unmarried Catholics express chastity through sexual abstinence. Asexuality is sometimes confused with celibacy or abstinence. Many evangelicals prefer the term "abstinence" to "celibacy". Jackson was also a proponent of abstinence from premarital sex. Programs encouraging sexual abstinence do not appear to affect subsequent HIV risk. As such, sustained abstinence is a prerequisite for sobriety. The concept of "technical virginity" or sexual abstinence through oral sex is popular among teenagers. Fasting requires the abstinence from food and drink. Behavioral programming is considered critical in helping those with addictions achieve abstinence. This included such measures as sexual abstinence and late marriage. The Roman Catholic Church believes in observing abstinence and penance. He adhered to total abstinence from alcohol and tobacco throughout his life. Fasting (i.e., abstinence from food and sometimes water) is a routine feature of Jain asceticism. The Temperance Movement was dedicated to the complete abstinence of alcohol from public life.