Environmental injuries include sunburn, frostbite, or contact dermatitis. Even cutting off clothing to deal with a wound risked gangrene and frostbite. Mackiewicz had developed severe frostbite and snow blindness. Pliny prescribes it for burns, bites, stings, frostbite and infections. Less common causes include snake bites, frostbite, and burns. She is also suffering from severe frostbite. Revol had mild frostbite on five toes. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness, frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy. The symptoms of frostbite progress with prolonged exposure to cold. Direct contact with liquid ethane can result in severe frostbite. Propane does not have health effects other than the danger of frostbite or asphyxiation. He evaded capture for approximately two months, suffering from frostbite and snow blindness. The ears and tail were short to minimise frostbite and heat loss. The nose is one of the exposed areas that is susceptible to frostbite. Moreover, many prisoners are crippled from work accidents, frostbite or torture.