The first, oxymorphone, was synthesized from thebaine, an opioid alkaloid in opium poppies, in 1914. The Turkish tulip contains the alkaloids morphine, codeine and thebaine. The major psychoactive opiates are morphine, codeine, and thebaine. The psychoactive compounds found in the opium plant include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Phenanthrenes such as morphine, codeine, and thebaine are the main psychoactive constituents. Salutaridinol can be converted in two reaction steps to the morphine precursor thebaine. Oripavine is an opiate and the major metabolite of thebaine. Salutaridine can then be transformed progressively to thebaine, oripavine, and morphine. In 2015 researches reported successful biosynthesis of thebaine and hydrocodone using genetically modified yeast. Oxycodone was first made in Germany in 1916 from thebaine. When ingested, thebaine causes nausea, vomiting, and myoclonus. Butorphanol can also be derived from thebaine. In 2012 146,000 kilograms of thebaine were produced. This species is rather a source of thebaine. Thebaine by itself has no therapeutic value.