Rotifers are dioecious and reproduce sexually or parthenogenetically. A few ants and bees are capable of producing diploid female offspring parthenogenetically. However, fitness of parthenogenetically reproducing females is significantly lower than fitness of sexually reproducing females. This single set of chromosomes is duplicated in the egg, which develops parthenogenetically. Stec and colleagues performed an experiment to see if females could reproduce parthenogenetically. In the autumn, parthenogenetically produced males begin to appear; males and females then reproduce sexually. In parthenogenetically produced animals, the spine features a kink in the middle (see figure). She is the personification of the primeval waters, able to give birth (create) parthenogenetically. In this species the females reproduce parthenogenetically. According to one version, Athena is said to be born parthenogenetically. There are no male beech scale insects and the female insects reproduce parthenogenetically. Some accounts say that Ares, Hebe, and Hephaestus were born parthenogenetically. In total, the genus includes 34 species, 7 of which breed parthenogenetically, and 22 subspecies. Some species produce fruits parthenogenetically, such as the cultivar 'Nellie R. Stevens'. Males are produced parthenogenetically, while diploid females are usually produced biparentally from fertilized eggs.