Treatment for sigmoid volvulus may include sigmoidoscopy. Sigmoid colon volvulus, also known as sigmoid volvulus, is volvulus affecting the sigmoid colon. Initial treatment for sigmoid volvulus may occasionally occur via sigmoidoscopy or with a barium enema. Gastric dilatation volvulus, also known as bloat, affects Airedale Terriers. One possible sequela, volvulus (mesenteric torsion), is a rare consequence of EPI in dogs. Complications may include iron deficiency anemia, volvulus, or bowel obstruction. In a cecal volvulus, often part of the bowel needs to be surgically removed. This may lead to peritonitis, volvulus, and gangrene of the intestine. Sigmoid and cecal volvulus typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 70. These include abdominal pain, torsion of the bowel (transverse colon volvulus) or shortness of breath. Another more common affliction amongst Flat-Coated Retrievers is gastric dilatation volvulus, otherwise known as bloat. PEGs may also be inserted to decompress the stomach in cases of gastric volvulus. This cause comprises approximately 29% of cases of gastric volvulus. Sigmoid volvulus is the most-common form of volvulus of the gastrointestinal tract. Otto died unexpectedly on 11 October 1916 from a volvulus (an obstruction of the bowel).