Many of Locke's views were sharply criticized by rationalists and empiricists alike. Methodists conceive of medicine as a true art, in contrast to Empiricists or Dogmatists. Before Kant's first Critique, empiricists (cf. Receiving support from Ernest Nagel, logical empiricists were especially influential in the social sciences. This is in contrast to, and was contested by early empiricists such as John Locke. He was criticized as too soft scientifically by American empiricists. The "Empiricists," by contrast, held that knowledge must begin with sensory experience. Empiricists are known to be presenting complementary senses related to thought. Empiricists advocate that language is entirely learned.