Cedric Chivers patented hand oversewing in 1904. Most library binders use a method of bookbinding called "oversewing" to secure the volumes. Surgical treatment includes suturing, stapling, oversewing, and wedging out of the laceration. From a conservation standpoint, a primary concern about oversewing is that it is essentially irreversible. Oversewing was frequently used as a rebinding technique for libraries. By the 1930s, oversewing was part of standard library binding specifications.