The active principles are the tropane alkaloids atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine. Some of these alkaloids include atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine. The active agents in belladonna, atropine, hyoscine (scopolamine), and hyoscyamine, have anticholinergic properties. Examples of related tropane alkaloids include atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine. The main psychoactive ingredients are the alkaloids scopolamine, and to a lesser extent, hyoscyamine. The hairy roots technique has also been used to produce the alkaloids scopolamine and hyoscyamine. At comparable doses, hyoscyamine has 98 per cent of the anticholinergic power of atropine. It is a laboratory reagent used in the chemical synthesis of atropine and hyoscyamine. Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to their anticholinergic action. A cytochrome P450 classified as Cyp80F1 oxidizes and rearranges littorine to hyoscyamine aldehyde. It contained two alkaloids, hyoscyamine and hyoscine. In the final step, hyoscyamine undergoes epoxidation catalyzed by 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine epoxidase yielding hyoscine. Hyoscyamine is an antimuscarinic; i.e., an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Hyoscyamine can be extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae, notably "Datura stramonium".