Patients typically aspirate food because they have esophageal, gastric or neurologic problems. TIPS is a life-saving procedure in bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices. Docetaxel exhibits cytotoxic activity on breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, gastric, renal and prostate cancer cells. People with atrophic gastritis are also at increased risk for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. It is also a treatment of gastric ulcer. This and other research implicates pepsin in carcinogenesis attributed to gastric reflux. Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake by increasing gastric motility and gastric acid secretion. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. Approximately 50% of horses with gastric reflux require surgery. Chronic gastritis refers to a wide range of problems of the gastric tissues. Various methods of gastric bypass or gastric restriction surgery are used to treat morbid obesity. Histamine is a paracrine secretion from the enteroendocrine cells in the gastric glands. Nasogastric intubation also has the benefit of providing pain relief resulting from gastric distention. The insula cortex aids in swallowing and gastric motility. Gastric acid secretion is produced in several steps.