Benzisothiazolinone has a microbicide and a fungicide mode of action. Nonoxynol-9, a spermicide, is ineffective as a topical microbicide in preventing HIV infection. The AFC was one of the founding organizations of the International Rectal Microbicide Advocates. It is currently being investigated as a topical microbicide for HIV prophylaxis. However, vaginal rings have the potential to provide long-term controlled release of microbicide drugs. Researchers had hoped that nonoxynol-9, a vaginal microbicide would help decrease STI risk. She received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the International Microbicide Conference in 2012. TCMTB is used as wideband microbicide, paint fungicide, and paint gallicide. The gel used in the study contained a microbicide. "Cellulose sulfate" is another microbicide found ineffective in preventing the transmission of HIV. VivaGel is being developed as a standalone microbicide gel and an intra-vaginal microbicide.