This relationship is true regardless of the base of the logarithmic or exponential function. Another proof is based on differential equations satisfied by exponential and trigonometric functions. Another example is the "p"-adic logarithm, the inverse function of the "p"-adic exponential. SSA is able to extract polynomial and exponential trends. There have been a number of approximations for the exponential integral function. Sampling from a truncated exponential random variable is straightforward. Growth rates may also be faster than exponential. Consider the exponential of each eigenvalue multiplied by , . Studies show that human beings have difficulty understanding exponential growth. The following is a list of integrals of exponential functions. The coefficients in the expression above are different from what appears in the exponential. The Bernoulli distributions for formula 19 form an exponential family. There are several methods of computing the exponential above. There are several ways to solve subset sum in time exponential in formula 7. This is an instance of exponential decay.