Insecticidal effects are comparable to the insecticide diazinon. They are a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone derivatives with potent anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. It has insecticidal and pesticidal properties, and may comprise up to 4% of dry saffron. Insecticidal soap is used to control many plant insect pests. Insecticidal soap spray is effective against spider mites. Efrapeptins are mitochondrial and prokaryotic ATPase inhibitors that also have insecticidal and antifungal properties. Insecticidal soap spray is effective against thrips. Insecticidal soap is sold commercially for aphid control. Many metabolites produced by "A. versicolor" exhibit antibacterial, fungicidal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic properties. They have also demonstrated insecticidal, nematicidal, and antibacterial properties. It has fungicidal, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties. Their insecticidal and insect-repellent properties have been known and used for thousands of years. Absorbed parathion is rapidly metabolized to paraoxon, as described in Insecticidal activity. Spraying the leaves using insecticidal soap is another, environmentally friendly, option. Extracts from santol seeds have insecticidal properties.