During nights of extreme radiational cooling, the NIF can cool to as low as . Nighttime freezes are common during the winter due to radiational cooling. With Fernandus Payne, he mutated "Drosophila" through physical, chemical, and radiational means. Giant oscillator strengths of impurity excitons endow them with ultra-short radiational life-times formula 4 ns. The two types of fog that are most common in Florida are advection and radiational.