Perinatal mortality is the death of fetuses or neonates during the perinatal period. Brain injury can occur during prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal periods. Fetal complications include fetal growth restriction and potential fetal or perinatal death. This differentiation occurs in both perinatal and postnatal periods. These risk factors include genetics, prenatal and perinatal factors, neuroanatomical abnormalities, and environmental factors. Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Failure to treat these diseases promptly can lead to maternal or perinatal mortality. Liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period; renal production predominates in adulthood. Nutritional deficiencies may exacerbate the risks of perinatal infections. It also has an essential, life-saving role in maternal and perinatal care. Some of these complications include pre-eclampsia, bleeding problems, and perinatal infections. More children die of malaria, respiratory infections, diarrhea, perinatal conditions, and measles in developing nations. Radiographic features in infants are generally less severe than those seen in perinatal hypophosphatasia. Several pathogens can cross the placenta and cause perinatal infection. The PNMR refers to the number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births.