Chick mortality occurs mainly due to starvation rather than predation. Most predation comes in the form of duckling predation and egg foraging. The larvae are vulnerable to predation and environmental conditions. Many species are resistant to predation by deer. Terrestrial methods include ambush predation, social predation and grazing. The risk of predation affects feeding strategies. Species interact in three ways&colon; competition, predation and mutualism. Beluga whale behavior under killer whale predation makes them vulnerable to hunters. Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation. Livestock farmers have suffered from wild animal predation and theft by rustlers. Also, supplemental feeding appears to cause no decrease in livestock predation. Tadpoles have several mechanisms to reduce predation. Records of predation on amphibians is fairly infrequent. Burrows offer protection from predation and harsh environmental conditions. Little evidence has been found of tawny owl predation on reptiles.