The negative natural logarithm of a uniformly distributed value follows an exponential distribution. The discrete logarithm is just the inverse operation. The inverse map formula 23 is multivalued and coincides with the matrix logarithm discussed here. Another example is the "p"-adic logarithm, the inverse function of the "p"-adic exponential. Inverting this function requires computing the discrete logarithm. Taking the natural logarithm of the former equation gives. The original statement of the law of the iterated logarithm is due to A. Ya. A common unit of information is the bit, based on the binary logarithm. However, addition amounts to computing the discrete logarithm of . There also exist special formulas for the logarithm of the gamma function for rational . De Moivre gave an approximate rational-number expression for the natural logarithm of the constant. These are instances of the discrete logarithm problem. This is the concavity of the logarithm function. So "F" was first known as the "hyperbolic logarithm". Product and power logarithm formulas can be derived from this definition.