The Constabulary reverted to their original semi-military ("gendarme") structure in 1938. The word "gendarme" is a singular extracted from Old French "gens d'armes", meaning men-at-arms. These Compagnies d'ordonnance formed the core of the Gendarme Cavalry into the sixteenth century. However, Pierre-Auguste Renoir was among its detractors, labelling it a "big gendarme". In 1882, Andranik was arrested for assaulting a Turkish "gendarme" for mistreating Armenians. They were arrested by the Congolese (Katangese) gendarme and their maps were confiscated. He was caught by two cabdrivers and a sailor, then secured by a gendarme. They fought for two hours, killing a Gendarme and soldier, and stealing 21,000 roubles. His grandparents were peasant farm workers and his father a gendarme. A strong and powerful gendarme, also repelled by the odor, is of no help. After his discharge he served as a gendarme in the town of Proskuriv, Podolia Governorate. A Peake/Gendarme agreement was proposed. Krupskaya called her "my gendarme". He began service as a gendarme ca. Alternatively, he may have been shot by the gendarme Merda.