In an experiment, the variable manipulated by an experimenter is called an independent variable. Blinding reduces other forms of experimenter and subject biases. What made more of a difference was the proximity of the "learner" and the experimenter. Independent variables are also factors of the subject that the experimenter specifically chooses for. Davy was a popular lecturer and able experimenter. The control variables themselves are not of primary interest to the experimenter. Crosley was also an early experimenter with making radio transmissions. Becquerel was an early experimenter in photography. Hokusai was an early experimenter with western linear perspective among Japanese artists. The procedures were conducted by one male and one female experimenter. Dukes freed himself, and attacked his experimenter. The teacher would do so because of the higher authority of the experimenter. The editor of "The Experimenter", T. O'Conor Sloane, became the editor of "Amazing Stories". This may be because he was not the most able experimenter. Results are also sensitive to the exact methodology of the experimenter.