Laziness may manifest as procrastination or vacillation. That can lead to habits such as laziness and procrastination. This inaction may be due to procrastination, laziness or other subversive vice. Literature also focuses on overcoming chronic psychological issues such as procrastination. Some examples are overcoming addiction, procrastination, health maintenance, and many others. Ariely describes putting off these goals for immediate gratification as procrastination. Radiohead tried to work quickly and spontaneously, avoiding procrastination and overanalysis. It winds up being kind of a novel-length comedic essay on insecurity and procrastination. Other behavior such as procrastination may lead to less effective counterfactual thinking. It summarizes key predictors of procrastination (expectancy, value, and impulsiveness) into a mathematical equation. Self-forgiveness for procrastination may also reduce procrastination. In 1982, it had been suggested that irrationality was an inherent feature of procrastination. Slaney and his colleagues found that adaptive perfectionists had lower levels of procrastination than non-perfectionists. Comparisons with chronic pathological procrastination traits were avoided. Sabini & Silver argued that postponement and irrationality are the two key features of procrastination.