It contains betaine and the trisaccharide raffinose. In carbohydrate and raffinose broths, "E. malodoratus" forms acid. Either raffinose or sucrose is used as a base substance for sucralose. Oligosaccharides, such as raffinose and stachyose, impair nutrient utilization of grains. The nectar has been found to contain the sugars fructose, sucrose, glucose, and raffinose. Seven sugars namely raffinose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, galactose, glucose and fructose were identified. Yersinia intermedia is a Gram-negative species of bacteria which uses rhamnose, melibiose, and raffinose. Some, such as the raffinose series, occur as storage or transport carbohydrates in plants. It can be formed by invertase-mediated hydrolysis of raffinose, which produces melibiose and fructose. This species uses mainly maltose, starch and raffinose as carbon sources for growth. Sugars, contained mainly in the fruit, are most significantly d-fructose, d-glucose and raffinose. Raffinose may have a form of a white crystalline powder. Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose. Procedures concerning cryopreservation have used raffinose to provide hypertonicity for cell desiccation prior to freezing.