Reacidification time is vitally important in determining hypochlorhydria, hyperchlorhydria and achlorhydria. However, treatment of these disorders has no known effect in the treatment of achlorhydria. For practical purposes, gastric pH and endoscopy should be done in someone with suspected achlorhydria. The "Heidelberg test" is an alternative way to measure stomach acid and diagnose hypochlorhydria/achlorhydria. Among men and women, 27% suffer from a varying degree of achlorhydria. BLS has also been associated with achlorhydria, dysmotility, fistulae, and strictures. The incidence of gastric carcinoids is increased in achlorhydria, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and pernicious anemia. Achlorhydria in these patients results in an increase in blood gastrin levels. Once achlorhydria is confirmed, a hydrogen breath test can check for bacterial overgrowth.