Procrastinators have been found to receive worse grades than non-procrastinators. A study found that procrastinators were less future-oriented than their non-procrastinator counterparts. Of these students, 25% are chronic procrastinators and typically abandon higher education (college dropouts). With a distant deadline, procrastinators report significantly less stress and physical illness than do non-procrastinators. Procrastinators show a tendency to produce more downward counterfactuals than upward counterfactuals. Procrastinators also have an avoidance relationship with their goals. Coping responses of procrastinators include the following. But surprisingly, active and passive procrastinators showed similar levels of academic performance.