Guided by socialist principles, Manley was not a doctrinaire socialist. Lane described his adoptive father as a "doctrinaire fundamentalist from the old school". In his hands, agnosticism became as doctrinaire as anything else--a religion of skepticism. The PCI travelled from doctrinaire communism to democratic socialism by the 1970s or the 1980s. Liberals had been, while in power, quite doctrinaire, pursuing centralization and uniform administration. Joseph and Frances McGovern were both firm Republicans, but were not politically active or doctrinaire. While he was influenced by the Cartesian approach, he was less doctrinaire. He was not a doctrinaire Zaidi, however. Moreover, they are doctrinaire about many things.