Shitstorm is a vulgar dysphemism for a chaotic and unpleasant situation. It is a dysphemism for "hard copy". Similarly, being more formal with someone than expected may be a type of dysphemism. Nowadays, "caralho" is commonly used as a dysphemism and in erotism. Dysphemism may also be indicated by the disuse or substitution of someone's name or title. Dysphemism is sometimes motivated by feelings such as fear, distaste, hatred, and contempt.