He called this degenerative evolutionary process in parasites "retrogressive metamorphosis". Before complete drainage, lake edges recede through retrogressive thaw slumping and subaerial debris flows. Generally retrogressive spalling manifests, often accompanied by piping / internal erosion. Due to the orthodox nature of Tablighi Jamaat, they have been criticised for being retrogressive. Furthermore, Riess criticized the "retrogressive gender stereotypes" in Meyer's novels. The book was motivated by fear of potential retrogressive effects on women's rights.