It was later described as a "hoax", although it is unclear who was hoaxing whom. Spoofing is the act of deception or hoaxing. Nickell listed self-delusion, hoaxing and illusion to explain alleged cases of bilocation. In 1998, Freeman published another book "The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead". However, allegations of fraud and mismanagement, as well as hoaxing, plagued McKenzie's research. Many suggested this tactic was just more proof that Dyer was hoaxing again.