A telegraph code is one of the character encodings used to transmit information by telegraphy. The Morse telegraphic apparatus was officially adopted as the standard for European telegraphy in 1851. Railway signal telegraphy was developed in Britain from the 1840s onward. Advocates of printing telegraphy said it would eliminate Morse operators' errors. Other new inventions were electrical telegraphy and the telephone. Co. Wexford, was the grandfather of Guglielmo Marconi, inventor of wireless telegraphy. This patent gave Marconi a near monopoly of syntonic wireless telegraphy in England and America. Some of the devices which would enable wireless telegraphy were invented before 1900. Other keying methods are available in radio telegraphy, such as frequency-shift keying. Wireless telegraphy developed in the early 20th century. He also describes a "card telegraphy" signalling system used by cheaters. Filtering audio frequencies dates back at least to acoustic telegraphy and multiplexing in general. Radio development began as "wireless telegraphy". Fleming also contributed in the fields of photometry, electronics, wireless telegraphy (radio), and electrical measurements. Radio telegraphy was much like ordinary telegraphy.