The nonduality of the Advaita Vedanta is of the identity of Brahman and the Atman. Buddhism rejects the Upanishadic doctrine of Brahman and Atman (soul, permanent self, essence). Brahman and Atman are very important teleological concepts. Adi Shankara held that "satcitananda" is identical with Brahman and Atman. In Hinduism, the impersonal Absolute (Brahman) is genderless. It deals with the non-dual nature of Brahman and Atman. Absolute called (Brahman) in Hinduism. Bhaskara advocated "bhakti" as "dhyana" (meditation) directed toward the transcendental "Brahman". Ramanuja saw Vishnu as a personification of Brahman. Many Hindus focus upon impersonal Absolute (Brahman) which is genderless. This ultimately leads one to the oneness with abstract Brahman. Shiva is also called as "Brahman", the supreme universal consciousness. Yet, they are declared equivalent aspects of the neutral Brahman, of Prajapati and Purusha. Om connotes the metaphysical concept of Brahman. Jnana yoga is the path of knowledge, wisdom, and direct realization of the "Brahman".