Concatamers are oligomeric products of ligating a single gene with itself. This is done by ligating universal primers to all fragments. Finally, one of a small number of E3 ligating proteins attaches it to the protein. The first step is ligating the supplying artery and vein, to prevent hemorrhage (bleeding). The surgeon should begin with ligating and dividing the short gastric arteries. The glyph of each consonant had its own way of ligating with these vowel signs. His surgical experiments included ligating the arteries of living animals. After ligating RNA linkers to the RNA 5' ends, cDNA is synthesized via RT-PCR. Anoscopy will permit biopsies to be taken, and is used when ligating prolapsed hemorrhoids. The ligating style of glyphs is now considered old-fashioned. Developed in 2013, BLESS is performed by ligating the DSB ends with biotin i.e. biotinylation.