Modern feminism challenges the essentialist view of gender as biologically intrinsic. Feminism was also problematic due to its essentialist and idealist concept of woman. In social science, there has been a dispute between "essentialist" and "constructionist" views of homosexuality. Some feminists criticize the perceived essentialist positions of Luce Irigaray. Such essentialist ideas may present as sexual or gender stereotypes. These developments, states Hansen, have helped Hindu nationalists spread essentialist constructions per contemporary Hindutva ideology. The major criticism of ecofeminism is that it is essentialist. The consequences of Nazi racism discouraged essentialist interpretations of ethnic groups and race. The need for a justification for institutionalized racial discrimination led to the "biological essentialist" framework. Biological definitions of race encompass essentialist and anti-essentialist views. The Core Knowledge Schools were founded on the philosophy of essentialist E.D. Hirsch. Some studies use the word race in its early essentialist taxonomic sense. Identity politics has sometimes been criticized as narrow, even childish, and essentialist. There are four key criteria which constitute essentialist thinking.