The head and thorax are merged into a cephalothorax with the abdomen curving around underneath. The carapace covering the cephalothorax is almost hairless and appears smooth and glossy. The head and thorax are merged into a cephalothorax, with the abdomen curving around underneath. In crustaceans, the carapace functions as a protective cover over the cephalothorax. They have a second pair of appendages called pedipalps attached to the cephalothorax. Pupae consist of a fused cephalothorax with slender respiratory trumpets and a segmented abdomen. In spiders, the cephalothorax and abdomen are connected by a small cylindrical section, the pedicel. In arachnids, the sternum is the ventral (lower) portion of the cephalothorax. Domestic house spiders possess elongated bodies with a somewhat flattened cephalothorax and straight abdomen. Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. The undersides of the cephalothorax and the abdomen are both solid black. Lobster anatomy includes two main body parts&colon; the cephalothorax and the abdomen. Violin spiders are usually brownish with a darker brown characteristic violin marking on the cephalothorax. Eight pairs of appendages issue from the cephalothorax. Individuals are covered with black hairs on the cephalothorax and gray hairs on the abdomen.