Exoatmospheric anti-ballistic missiles are usually longer-ranged (e.g., American GMD, Ground-Based Midcourse Defense). The test was exoatmospheric and done in midcourse phase and with a kinetic kill vehicle. Propulsion for midcourse maneuvers was supplied by a monopropellant (anhydrous hydrazine) 225 N retro-rocket. The TK-3 is capable of both midcourse and terminal defense against ballistic missiles. Mobile elements can defend against medium and short ranged missiles in midcourse. The United States developed Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system to protect from small-scale ICBM attack. This was the first autonomous action the spacecraft had taken since the midcourse maneuver. Although there were four opportunities to make midcourse corrections following TLI, only two were needed. Expenditures on the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense program were estimated to be US$30.7 billion by 2007. On 1 September 2006, the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense System was successfully tested. This telescope was developed for the Midcourse Space Experiment. The track then rises up into the midcourse brake run. In this role, these are known as "midcourse guidance" systems. Dropping off the midcourse brakes, the track passes the on-ride camera.