The fronds spring up in clusters and emerge as fiddleheads (circinate vernation). The leaves exhibit a scalariforme venation and supervolute vernation. However, this plant retains the circinate vernation characteristic of most ferns. Unlike many ferns, they do not emerge as coiled fiddleheads (noncircinate vernation). This uncurling of the leaf is termed circinate vernation. Left on the plant, each fiddlehead would unroll into a new frond (circinate vernation). They are light green, often crinkled, with a black midrib, and exhibit circinate vernation. As in most ferns, young fronds have circinate vernation. Circinate vernation is the manner in which a fern frond emerges. He used somewhat different terminology for vernation, namely applanate (flat), explicative (plicate), and supervolute (convolute). Vernation lines parallel to the midvein are often visible - a very unusual characteristic. Vernation, the arrangement of the emerging leaves relative to each other, varies among species.