The larvae feed on "Pinus contorta". Only the lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta" Douglas) is missing. In 2001 Prince examined British Columbian lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta). Lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta") occurs in areas of thin soils. Forested areas include pure stands of lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta") and red fir ("Abies magnifica"). Lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta" subsp. "latifolia") and ponderosa pine originally grew in valley floors. Sitka spruce ("Picea sitchensis") and shore pine ("Pinus contorta"). Subspecies "Choristoneura lambertiana subretiniana" feeds on "Pinus contorta" and "Pinus jeffreyi". "Pinus contorta" is cultivated as an ornamental tree by the horticulture industry. Depending on subspecies, "Pinus contorta" grows as an evergreen shrub or tree. "Pinus contorta" is a fire-dependent species, requiring wildfires to maintain healthy populations of diverse ages.