Certain schists are derived from fine-grained igneous rocks such as basalts and tuffs. The lava historically erupted from Izalco consists of vesicular vitrophyric olivine basalts. Mantle rocks are also sampled as xenoliths within basalts or kimberlites. It is a pile of tholeiitic pillow basalts and breccias. The basaltic occurrence of phlogopite is in association with picrite basalts and high-alumina basalts. However, the largest volumes of basalt on land correspond to continental flood basalts. Flood basalts on the ocean floor produce oceanic plateaus. The eruption of continental flood basalts is often associated with continental rifting and breakup. It is composed of continental flood basalts, oceanic flood basalts, and diffuse provinces. The influence of known volcanic eruptions does not compare to that of flood basalts. These plumes can produce hotspots and flood basalts. Mantle plumes have been suggested as the source for flood basalts. These are important factors on how flood basalts influenced paleoclimate. The soils of Maharashtra are residual, derived from the underlying basalts. They are richer in iron than terrestrial basalts, and also have lower viscosities.