Processing sucrose from sugar beets yields glycine betaine as a byproduct. Glycine betaine, found in osmolytes, stabilizes osmotic pressure in cells. In most organisms, glycine betaine is biosynthesized by oxidation of choline in two steps. GAT2 also transports taurine, while BGT1 transports betaine. Betaines such as cocamidopropyl betaine have a carboxylate with the ammonium. Trigonelline is a methyl betaine of nicotinic acid. Hence treatment includes both betaine and a diet low in methionine. Cocamidopropyl betaine is used as a foam booster in shampoos. TMG is also used as the hydrochloride salt (marketed as betaine hydrochloride or betaine HCl). This substance may be called "glycine betaine" to distinguish it from other betaines. Cocamidopropyl betaine to a significant degree has replaced cocamide DEA. Despite the name cocamidopropyl betaine, the molecule is not synthesized from betaine. Allylic alcohols can be prepared by reaction of the betaine ylide with a second aldehyde.