The NAACP began to lead lawsuits targeting disfranchisement and racial segregation early in its history. African Americans living in Alabama experienced the inequities of disfranchisement, segregation, violence and underfunded schools. The 1,039,207 black citizens were still suppressed by segregation and disfranchisement. The 1,039,207 black citizens were adversely affected by segregation and efforts at disfranchisement. Opponents have argued that such disfranchisement restricts and conflicts with principles of universal suffrage. This completed the disfranchisement of the Cherokee Freedmen descendants. He directed a broad program of legal challenges to racial segregation and disfranchisement. The discrimination, segregation, and disfranchisement lasted well into the later decades of the 20th century. Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the state. Disfranchisement of the blacks began in the 1890s. During World War II, genocide followed the disfranchisement of Jews. Nevertheless, he did not advocate an immediate disfranchisement of rotten boroughs. In 1908 provisions of a new constitution completed black disfranchisement. English was the prestige language while the Irish language was associated with poverty and disfranchisement. For eligibility and disfranchisement, the judge is the ordinary tribunal.