Injuries are relevant to reasonableness and public interest once unreasonableness has been found. However, Singapore courts have stated that the test for irrationality is that of "Wednesbury" unreasonableness. Jowell J. Proportionality and Unreasonableness&colon; Neither Merger nor Takeover. It has been suggested that proportionality should supplant unreasonableness as a ground of review. Alternatively, it has been suggested that proportionality should merge with "Wednesbury" unreasonableness. A court may also quash delegated legislation on the basis of unreasonableness. "Wednesbury" unreasonableness is a ground of judicial review in Singapore administrative law. It may not overturn an ecclesiastical decision on the basis of its unreasonableness. Revenge is evidence of unreasonableness and seeking confrontation removes the defence. English cases dealing with "Wednesbury" unreasonableness demonstrate varying levels of scrutiny. The concept of "unreasonableness" is not defined; the question is left open to interpretation. Gross unreasonableness is no longer a requirement for review. This case first developed the patent unreasonableness standard of review in Canadian administrative law. The time and duration of the activity is also taken into account when determining unreasonableness. Through the Old Testament, he wrote, he grew convinced of the unreasonableness of paganism.