This decreased spermatophore volume is associated with a decrease in female fecundity and fertility. Guppies reduce their fecundity and reproductive allocation in response to scarce food. In prehistoric times, goddesses were worshipped for their association with fertility, fecundity, and agricultural bounty. The former experience reductions in queen fecundity, dispersal, longevity, and nestmate relatedness. It appears to reduce the longevity and fecundity of female braconid parasitoids. Chastity in marriage requires in particular conjugal fidelity and protecting the fecundity of marriage. An increase in spermatophore size increases the fecundity of female monarchs. Evolution favours high rates of fecundity in "r"-selected species. In some species, size is correlated with fecundity in females. This was due to the mythological value representing fecundity and prosperity. Wood heralds the beginning of life, springtime and buds, sensuality and fecundity. Directional selection always favours those with higher rates of fecundity within a certain population. The species is thought to have evolved its high fecundity due to its harsh environment. Female fecundity depends greatly on the climate. These ornaments may also be a signal of high fecundity in females.