First Class was offered on Domestic Flights, and BusinessFirst was offered on Transatlantic/Transpacific Flights. Polar provides scheduled freight service covering the transpacific, transatlantic, trans-Asia, and Middle East markets. Besides transpacific flights, for a time Northwest flew 747s on its busiest domestic routes. Transpacific flights began in 1987, with Northwest providing nonstop service to Tokyo. He traveled to Los Angeles and awaited a transpacific steamship. Adak was also used as a refueling stop for transpacific passenger flights. California became the undisputed national leader of transpacific flights. Transpacific flights to Los Angeles began in December 1991 with a Boeing 747-400 Combi. NWA continuously upgraded equipment on the transpacific routes. Pan Am had no transpacific flights beyond Hawaii, but they soon resumed with DC-4s. At the time, only Qantas and United Airlines competed in the Australia-US transpacific market. For training, many of the transpacific flights carried a second crew. Tillinghast ignored the transpacific market and the dedicated air cargo market. It is the fifth-largest hub for United Airlines and functions as United's primary transpacific gateway. C2C, Southern Cross Cable, and VSNL Transpacific.