It had some success in getting companies to replace "braceros" with unemployed Americans. He also wrote songs about Cesar Chavez, other farm workers and braceros. Caballero attempted to improve the conditions of landless labourers ("braceros") in the rural south. From 1948 to 1964, the U.S. allowed in on average 200,000 braceros per year. Many field working braceros never received their savings, but most railroad working braceros did. Some were braceros and others shipyard workers at Todd Shipyards and Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond. They also used the Braceros to break strikes by resident farm workers. Also, braceros learned that timing was everything. The first braceros were admitted on September 27, 1942, for the sugar-beet harvest season. At these reception centers, potential braceros had to pass a series of examinations. Potential braceros would undergo physical examinations, where officials would assess physical fitness and ability. Braceros were also discriminated and segregated in the labor camps. The lack of quality food angered braceros all over the U.S.. The Coliseum was again used to house people in 1951, this time temporarily sheltering braceros.