There is no formal test for diagnosing echopraxia. "Echopraxia" came out in 2014. Echopraxia is the involuntary mirroring of an observed action. Echopraxia is a hard science fiction novel by Canadian writer Peter Watts. If the imitative behavior continues beyond infanthood, it may be considered echopraxia. Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated.