It also provided HR-related services such as vendor management, outplacement, training and business process outsourcing. Few employers track whether outplacement works. Challenger created the concept of outplacement and the initial programs to implement it. One year later, the operations in the outplacement sector started with DBM Italia. Outplacement is either delivered through individual one-on-one sessions or in a group format. Co-founder Carter "Adam Mann" Warden was the first recipient of an outplacement grant in 2013.