The disorder is typically associated with cognitive disruptions in early perceptual and attentional processes. Long-term benzodiazepine use is associated with attentional and visuospatial functional impairments. A study also explored the negative relationship between neurocognitive function and attentional bias. Additionally, the cholinergic and nicotinic receptors are believed to play a role in attentional processes. Such research evidence confirms Broadbent's notion of voluntary attentional mechanisms. No Go task, Stop signal task, and reports of suppression of attentional orienting. These include reduced attentional and executive capabilities and impaired memory. PTSD patients with higher attentional control exhibited less attentional bias. However, research has shown mixed results surrounding whether mindfulness affects attentional control directly. Results indicated attentional control was inversely related to attentional bias. Indeed, such is consistent with related work on attentional bias in implicit memory. They also tested whether individual dissimilarities in approach motivation are associated with attentional narrowing. The Stroop task is an assessment of attentional vitality and flexibility. V4 is the first area in the ventral stream to show strong attentional modulation. There are three main hypotheses associated with attentional control theory.