It occurs in patients with exophthalmos in Graves disease. Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer. Myxedema can occur in the lower leg (pretibial myxedema) and behind the eyes (exophthalmos). Ophthalmic signs may include third eyelid protrusion, red eyes, and exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs). In 1982, Maroon et al. pioneered the radical orbital decompression procedure for severe dysthyroid exophthalmos. Haemorrhagic skin lesions and exophthalmos may develop. Other signs and symptoms include lens subluxation, glaucoma, cataract, exophthalmos, buphthalmos, strabismus, and ptosis. Additional clinical signs include abnormal behavior, exophthalmos, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, edema and ascites. Heino has noticeable exophthalmos due to Graves' disease. The term exophthalmos is often used when describing proptosis associated with Graves' disease. Exophthalmos associated with Grave's disease disappears when the thyrotoxicosis is corrected. Carotid-cavernous DAVFs, on the other hand, are more closely associated with pulsatile exophthalmos. Exophthalmos, when present, may exacerbate hyperthyroid lid-lag and stare. Exophthalmos is commonly seen in the pug, Boston terrier, Pekingese, and shih tzu.