Growing public dissatisfaction with Confederate conscription and impressment policies encouraged desertion by Confederate soldiers. In Britain, King George III ordered redoubling efforts at impressment, including American sailors. The impressment policy of quartermasters ran the rails ragged. With the abdication of Napoleon, Britain's war with France ended and Britain ceased impressment generally. The naval and marine officers re-visited impressment and sought other ways to recruit crew. Outbound merchant ships, officers and apprentices were exempt from impressment. Brown challenged Confederate impressment of animals, goods, and slaves. Taxation, impressment of produce, and in-kind taxation were widely seen as confiscatory. The Royal Navy recruited heavily in Ireland during this period, including using impressment. Second, the impressment (forced recruitment) of U.S. citizens into the Royal Navy. This included impressment and seizures of American men and goods. When war broke out, male "phrai" were subject to impressment. It is closely related to the act of impressment.