The others are the submandibular ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and otic ganglion. It synapses in the otic ganglion, from where the postganglionic fibers emerge. The otic vesicles then form ventral and dorsal components. Parts of the otic vesicle in turn form the vestibulocochlear nerve. Pax8 is expressed during the entirety of otic vesicle formation. A parasympathetic innervation from the pterygopalatine and otic ganglia is also present. Pre-clinical research has shown potential for brilacidin for ocular, Otic, and diabetic foot ulcers. High risk of otic barotrauma is associated with unconscious patients. The vestibulocochlear nerve is derived from the embryonic otic placode. The average middle ear volume is 0.4 mL, which limits otic accumulation in overdose. These placodes invaginate to form otic pits, and then otic vesicles. Temnospondyls also have a stapes, which projects into the otic cavity. The spiracle was situated in an otic notch behind each eye. The otic region is defined by the regions surrounding the temporal fenestrae. The music was mixed by Joshua Stevenson at Otic Sound, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.