Chlorpromazine largely replaced electroconvulsive therapy, hydrotherapy, psychosurgery, and insulin shock therapy. The two became advocates and prolific practitioners of psychosurgery, specifically the lobotomy. Bilateral cingulotomy is a form of psychosurgery, introduced in 1948 as an alternative to lobotomy. In the 1970s Breggin started campaigning against lobotomy and psychosurgery in the western world. Trepanation led through a tortuous course to "psychosurgery". Deep brain stimulation is now being used as an alternative to ablative psychosurgery. The modern history of psychosurgery begins in the 1880s under the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt. The first systematic attempt at psychosurgery is commonly attributed to the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt. In 2005 the Health Authority recommended the use of ablative psychosurgery and DBS for OCD. The acceptance of high-risk treatments led to more invasive medical interventions including psychosurgery. The 1970s was a decade of ethical debate about psychosurgery. Its report was favourable and concluded that research on psychosurgery should continue. He coined the terms "leucotomy" and "psychosurgery". The 1983 Mental Health Act legislated for the use of psychosurgery. The author proposed that the test be used to select patients for psychosurgery.