The polygraph test was administered by a member of the American Polygraph Association. The NSA conducts polygraph tests of employees. Allegations of abusive polygraph practices were brought forward by former NRO polygraph examiners. Several proposed countermeasures designed to pass polygraph tests have been described. It is also worth noting that polygraph tests may not deter espionage. Andrea Dworkin stated that the results of polygraph tests administered to Boreman support her assertions. During a polygraph examination, he denied any involvement. He was questioned but refused to sit for a polygraph test. Conversely, innocent people have been known to fail polygraph tests. After submitting to a polygraph examination, the suspect was cleared. Gacy vehemently denied the charges and demanded to take a polygraph test. The High Court of Australia has not yet considered the admissibility of polygraph evidence. Thomas did not take a polygraph test. McDevitt denied any involvement and refused to take a polygraph test. They also noted that Ford passed a polygraph test.