Socrates asks Euthyphro to offer him a definition of piety or holiness. Shun was particularly renowned for his modesty and filial piety (xiao ). This was done as a symbolic demonstration of filial piety or grandeur. Scripture, prevailing mysticism and popular piety. "Lingchi" therefore contravenes the demands of filial piety. He had a reputation for piety and gentleness. It became a center of learning, piety, and asceticism. The parrot becomes a symbol of filial piety. He maintained a reputation for conventional piety and orthodoxy throughout his reign. Confucius wrote about the importance of balancing "filial piety with merit". The social aspects of the philosophy are hierarchical with a focus on filial piety. In , his mother and grandmother are noted as eminent for their piety and faith. Social scientists have done much research about filial piety and related concepts. They are&colon; wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord. The imams gained a reputation for honesty, piety, and justice.