This crossroads position has intensified the conflict between tribalism and traditionalism and modernization. This involves establishing a balance between traditionalism and modernism. He has also offered alternative conceptions relating to cosmopolitanism and critical traditionalism. In contemporary era, often the distinction is made between "traditionalism" and "modernism". The debate is termed "realists versus behaviourists" or "traditionalism versus scientism". Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism or Traditionalism. Rituals are characterized, but not defined, by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, and performance. Catholicism and traditionalism became major driving forces behind Navarrese politics. Cultural Revolution is directed also against traditionalism. This is less an appeal to traditionalism than a striving for timeless repetition. A similar shift to nostalgic traditionalism was expressed overseas. The architecture is based on Russian traditionalism and Soviet era styles. The focus was on traditionalism and hierarchy. In further contrast to most Catholic traditionalism Duarte Costa was left-wing. Its residents and government suffered from a reputation for corruption and extreme traditionalism.