Subcontracting in the same country would be outsourcing, but not offshoring. Offshoring and outsourcing are not mutually inclusive&colon; there can be one without the other. Research suggests that these wage increases could redirect some offshoring elsewhere. In 2007, Northrop Grumman created 'National Workforce Centers' as an alternative to offshoring. The caucus supports increased infrastructure spending and opposes offshoring. One of the challenges in offshoring engineering innovation is a reduction in quality. Immigration has also been associated with reductions in offshoring. In 2009 Morocco was ranked among the top thirty countries in the offshoring sector. Some economists and commentators claim that the offshoring phenomenon is way overblown. In microeconomics, working capital funds the initial costs of offshoring. For Australian IT companies, Indonesia is one of the major choice of offshoring destination. A specific case is the geographical distribution of the development team (offshoring, global information system). Nearshoring is a derivative of the business term offshoring. Hence, it is critical to review the intellectual property policy of the potential offshoring supplier. Prior to the manufacturing offshoring, the company produced a range of televisions branded 'Pye Chelsea'.