Nativists primarily objected to Roman Catholics, especially Irish Americans. A mob marched to Kensington, where gunfire broke out between nativists and Catholics. Nativists in New York formed the American Republican Party. The Cincinnati riots of 1855 were clashes between "nativists" and German-Americans. Some nativists believe that specific beliefs or preferences are "hard wired". Chapter 4 turns to examining the distinctive arguments of "new wave" nativists (like Pinker). Nativists often held mostly anti-Catholic, anti-Irish meetings. Numerous people were injured, and two more nativists were killed. One or two nativists were reportedly killed. On May 6, nativists returned in greater numbers. Nativists wanted to severely restrict access to the melting pot. American nativists have promoted English and deprecated the use of German and Spanish.