The lower premolars and the upper second premolar usually have one root. Two premolars in juveniles are replaced by a permanent sectorial premolar. The second premolar and molars are markedly lobed. The premolars are high-crowned, and the fourth premolar is very molar-like. The maxillary 1st premolar is also bifurcated with two roots. This appliance involves bands placed on maxillary first premolar and first molars on each side. The function of this premolar is to assist the mandibular first molar during mastication. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. These are the incisor "(cutting)", the canine, the premolar, and the molar "(grinding)". Preceding the molars is a small peg-like premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. The lower third premolar is the most commonly affected tooth. Its first premolar on the upper jaw protrudes from the row of teeth. A long nasal bone structure and distance between the canine and premolar teeth is large. The primitive dental formula is 3.1.4.3, with a trilobate fourth deciduous premolar.