Eddies and vortices may form in any fluid. This retroflection results in intense eddy activities such as meanders, eddies, and filaments. Wind caused ripples and eddies form waves that gradually gain speed and distance (fetch). This swift current can lead to standing waves, large whirlpools, and roiling eddies. Turbulence is flow characterized by recirculation, eddies, and apparent randomness. This energy forms mesoscale eddies which extend offshore. The before-mentioned potholes were created starting with sand and gravel caught in eddies or whirlpools. Bills and points may cause eddies and shoals. Non-linear behaviours emerge such as turbulence, eddies, and relatively quiet regions. The Swirling Eddies, where he was known as "Prickly Disco". He discovered the phenomenon of ocean spiral eddies. This is the turbopause, below which different chemical species are well-mixed due to turbulent eddies. Its western, seaward edge is well-defined, with many temporary and seasonal eddies and meanders. The largest eddies have low wavenumber, and the small eddies have high wavenumbers. Enough mixing time is required for molecules to diffuse across the fluid eddies.