There are of federally protected wildlife refuges. The Lagoon contains five state parks, four federal wildlife refuges and a national seashore. These include wildlife refuges and nature reserves that shelter a wide range of ecosystems. The Bay also has overwintering waterfowl in its wildlife refuges. The city encompasses two national wildlife refuges. These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities. The damage from Katrina forced the closure of 16 National Wildlife Refuges. The area is one of the most important wildlife refuges in the region. California has a total of of National Wildlife Refuges. These subterranean refuges and lookout huts were large enough to shelter entire local populations. Mount Tamalpais provides one of the last remaining wildlife refuges in the Bay Area. The NBR is one of the oldest National Wildlife Refuges in the United States. Important resources include basking, feeding, and nesting sites as well as refuges from predators. Without these refuges many animals would die during wildfire season. Organized mountain refuges and various mountaineering and climbing routes are available.