A number of insects feed on the leaves including the elephant hawkmoth, "Deilephila elpenor". Many of the hawkmoth flowers contain a pleasant smell. Cechenena lineosa, the striped green hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Two moths which occur, the toadflax brocade and the broad-bordered bee hawkmoth are nationally rare. It is one of the three species of death's-head hawkmoth genus, "Acherontia". Hemaris rubra, the Kashmir bee hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Sphinx constricta, the Japanese privet hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Smerinthus caecus, the northern eyed hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Polyptychus chinensis, the Chinese crenulate hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Smerinthus minor, the lesser eyed hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Acosmeryx sinjaevi, the southern gliding hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Smerinthus tokyonis, the Japanese eyed hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Rethera brandti, the lesser madder hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Macroglossum nycteris, the Himalayan hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Langia zenzeroides, the apple hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae.