The caldera complex consists of a central caldera surrounded by four coalesced calderas. Morphologically, centers include calderas, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes and small isolated lava masses. Cinder cones are commonly found on the flanks of shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and calderas. These calderas and associated volcanic structures lie within the Jemez Volcanic Field. Debris from explosive eruptions fills the calderas. The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field is composed of four adjacent calderas. Most supervolcano calderas of explosive origin are slightly ovoid or oblong in shape. More than 80 of these large shield volcanoes have summit calderas averaging across. The basalts issued from fissure vents primarily located peripheral to the calderas. Long eruptive periods form cinder cones, which then collapse over time to form calderas. In addition, large calderas and monogenetic volcanoes exist in the Andes. The surfaces are dominated by lava flows, and all have one or more collapse calderas. Before the formation of the calderas, the volcano may have reached a height of . Both have shallow-sloping flanks and summit calderas. Their circular to oval shape in plan view is consistent with emplacement within resurgent calderas.