Less commonly diencephalic syndrome may involve skin pallor without anaemia, hypoglycaemia, and hypotension. There are often no visible symptoms of hyperinsulinemia unless hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) is present. Onset of hypoglycaemia can be sudden, requiring glucose levels to be normalised by consuming carbohydrates. Pancreatic proglucagon gene expression is promoted upon fasting and hypoglycaemia induction and inhibited by insulin. Macropsia has been observed in experimental hypoglycaemia and in patients receiving insulin therapy. The baby is at increased risk of hypoxia and hypoglycaemia. Normally, in cases of hypoglycaemia, triglycerides and fatty acids are metabolised to provide glucose/energy. Other causes of central nervous system depression are metabolic disturbances such as hypoglycaemia. Her academic interests include diabetic hypoglycaemia, islet transplantation, and diabetes and mental health. However, in this process, ketones are also produced and ketotic hypoglycaemia is expected. Endogenous hypoglycaemia can result in number of visual disturbances and sometimes macropsia. Chronic psychoses can supervene many years later, based on myxoedema, hypoglycaemia or Addisonian crisis. The issue of prior fault applies to many diabetics who suffer hypoglycaemia while driving. If left untreated, hypoglycaemia can lead to a loss of consciousness. Lightheadedness often accompanies the flu, hypoglycaemia, common cold, or allergies.