Minerals that are diamagnetic or paramagnetic only have an induced magnetization. There are also paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases of magnetic materials. The acid dissociation constant of COOH has been measured using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In contrast, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted by a magnetic field. Magnetic ionic liquids can be synthesized by incorporating paramagnetic elements into ionic liquid molecules. The case of a paramagnetic or diamagnetic dipole is considered first. Diatomic gases are also almost exclusively diamagnetic, and not paramagnetic. In rare cases, the diamagnetic contribution can be stronger than paramagnetic contribution. Thulium is ferromagnetic below 32K, antiferromagnetic between 32 and 56K, and paramagnetic above 56K. In paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy, measurements are conducted on paramagnetic samples. Ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic structures are made up of intrinsic magnetic moments. It is strongest in substances containing paramagnetic ions such as terbium. Vanadium carbonyl, V(CO), is a rare example of a paramagnetic metal carbonyl. Paramagnons are magnons in magnetic materials which are in their high temperature, disordered (paramagnetic) phase. A ferromagnet, like a paramagnetic substance, has unpaired electrons.