Biopsy may be performed to distinguish mass lesions from tumours (e.g. gliomas). Childhood to early adult onset HNPCC + malignant gliomas. The endogenous pool of tenascin-C isoforms in gliomas supports both tumor cell proliferation and migration. For malignant gliomas no therapy has been shown to improve life expectancy as of 2015. In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and low-grade gliomas. Intrinsic etiologies include gliomas and multiple sclerosis. Grade II astrocytomas and cerebellar gliomas are more likely to recur after surgical removal. Increased Tks5 expression has been shown to correlate with poor patient prognosis in gliomas. With regard to OPG (optic pathway gliomas), the preferred treatment is chemotherapy. Different oncogenes can cooperate in the development of gliomas. Neuroimaging, such as MRI, is the main diagnostic tool for brain stem gliomas. TRPV2 also negatively affects patients with gliomas. Spinal cord gliomas can cause pain, weakness, or numbness in the extremities. Treatment via immunotherapy may help some gliomas. This suggests autophagy induction in gliomas could be caused by micro-environmental changes.