An algebraic fraction is the indicated quotient of two algebraic expressions. A rational fraction is the quotient (algebraic fraction) of two polynomials. Here, the new factor is proportional to a quotient of gamma functions. The quotient rule implies thus that formula 56. Malnutrition has been indicated as a negative influence on childhood Intelligence Quotient IQ. An example of this is the rise of the concept of Intelligence Quotient, or IQ. Every -dimensional subspace of determines an -dimensional quotient space of . It is the equilibrium value for the product quotient. Thus D is isomorphic to the quotient group . Much of the importance of quotient groups is derived from their relation to homomorphisms. Slow division algorithms produce one digit of the final quotient per iteration. Another example of a quotient is the connected sum. Gautschi's inequality bounds this quotient above by . This expression is Newton's difference quotient. There was a "creativity quotient" developed similar to the intelligence quotient (IQ).