This genre reflects the pessimism and fatalism of the American psyche. Fatalism is a looser term than determinism. This doctrine has been likened to fatalism and determinism. Moreover, the same method inevitably lands in fatalism/nihilism. McGee opposed the viewpoints of Fatalism and Predestination in Calvinism. Critics such as J. Robert Loy have characterized Jacques's philosophy as not fatalism but determinism. Themes include misanthropy, introversion, teen violence, suicide, fatalism, and existentialism. The theological Idea of God frees reason from fatalism. In the following up Wolff was accused by Francke of fatalism and atheism. In this mushy tale of lost innocence, Madonna very theatrically conveys a lost fatalism. The narrative includes irony, parody, sexual topics, and fatalism. He proclaimed his belief in the "Seven Wise Men", the message of Zoroaster and Fatalism. Lachelier endeavoured "to substitute everywhere force for inertia, life for death, and liberty for fatalism". Racine is often said to have been deeply influenced by the Jansenist sense of fatalism. Her works are also impregnated with a sense of fatalism.