Dukun are believed to be able to communicate directly with malevolent and benevolent spirits. The beliefs on benevolent and malevolent spirits was also established by their arrival. References to dragons of both benevolent and malevolent characters occur throughout ancient Mesopotamian literature. Realists think that mankind is not inherently benevolent but rather self-centered and competitive. Nenshi described Wenzel as being benevolent but ruthless when faced with opposition. The series presents nature as a force by turns benevolent and malign. Galen describes his father as a "highly amiable, just, good and benevolent man". The spirit of Josephinism was benevolent and paternal. Kami are believed to be capable of both benevolent and destructive deeds. Arisia and Eddore are the planets of the series' super-intelligent benevolent and evil races, respectively. Both events bore testimony to the benevolent nature of the rulers. The Duke is also patron of the Architects Benevolent Society. He was indiscriminately benevolent and lenient as a sultan. I thought I was a very benevolent dictator. The simurgh is inherently benevolent and unambiguously female.