Composers, arrangers, choreographers and costume designers also play major roles. Ives continues to influence contemporary composers, arrangers and musicians. Jazz arrangers frequently develop variations on themes by other composers. Nick Perito was one of orchestral pop's most accomplished arrangers, composers, and conductors. In jazz, chord substitutions can be applied by composers, arrangers, or performers. They may be directors from other choirs, choreographers, arrangers, or performers from Broadway-style musicals. Indexes for composers, poets, arrangers, translators, and song sources may be separate or combined. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists. He was vice president of the American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers. However, several bands continued and arrangers provided renowned arrangements. Planing is a reharmonization technique used by both improvisers and arrangers. John Graas is one of the foremost orchestral jazz arrangers. Contests are often held where "bento" arrangers compete for the most aesthetically pleasing arrangements. Most important of these were James Brown and the drummers and arrangers he employed. Jeff Tyzik is one of the great jazz arrangers and pops conductors.