The cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process. The estimation problem then becomes one of estimating these parameters. Estimates of the cost of construction vary due to difficulties in estimating costs across time. Forecasting is the process of estimating outcomes in uncontrolled situations. There are many alternatives for estimating the probability of default. Time series methods use historical data as the basis of estimating future outcomes. Four practical strategies have been developed that provide workable methods of estimating test reliability. Now we face the problem of estimating the population variance. There exist various anthropometric methods for estimating body fat. Resource management is a key element to activity resource estimating and project human resource management. Path Analysis was developed by Sewall Wright as a way of estimating heritability. This observation motivates the following algorithm for estimating formula 2. There are alternative approaches for deriving and estimating PIT and TTC PDs. There are significant methodological challenges in estimating these risks with precision. This factor is usually a part of COCOMO estimating for software coding.