Fewer scientific voices mean fewer arguments to counter antiscience or pseudoscientific discussion. There are many modern examples of conservative antiscience polemics. Historically, antiscience first arose as a reaction against scientific materialism. Sociologist Thomas Gieryn refers to "some sociologists who might appear to be antiscience". Genetically modified foods also bring about antiscience sentiment. Three major areas of antiscience can be seen in philosophy, sociology, and ecology. Antiscience is a position that rejects science and the scientific method. In this context, antiscience may be considered dependent on religious, moral and cultural arguments.