Measuring dose (dosimetry) involves exposing one or more dosimeters along with the target material. However, these are mostly superseded by such as thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) badges and electronic dosimeters. The risk of cancer is calculated by using radiation dosimetry and physics methods. The art and science of assessing internally generated radiation dose is Internal dosimetry. Holography technique can also be effectively used for radiation dosimetry. Film optimized for detecting X-rays and gamma rays is sometimes used for radiation dosimetry. Educational courses at this conference focus on radiation therapy and medical dosimetry. Instead, parametric means are recognized, using dosimetry to monitor delivered radiation dose. While at NASA, he became involved in dosimetry, radiation effects, and environmental controls. The NPL operates a graphite-calorimeter for absolute photon dosimetry. As the science of radiation dosimetry developed, this was seen as a serious shortcoming. It also exhibits thermoluminescence, making it useful in radiation dosimetry. Delivery parameters of a prescribed dose are determined during treatment planning (part of dosimetry). CTDI can also be measured with polymer gel dosimetry. It is the first anthropomorphic phantom representing a hermaphrodite adult for internal dosimetry.