Prenatal causes of child stunting are associated with maternal undernutrition. It causes damping-off in seedlings and causes chlorosis, stunting and wilting in old plants. After planting, stunting and yellowing as well as wilting may occur. Various fungal and viral diseases can cause mottling of leaves and stunting of growth. Children suffering from malnutrition face adverse physical effects such as stunting, wasting, or being overweight. The symptoms include leaf chlorosis, stunting, and leaf drop. Symptoms appear as yellowing, wilting, stunting, and galls on the roots. Outbreaks of sawfly larvae can defoliate trees and may cause dieback, stunting or death. There have been many catastrophic injuries from cheer, especially from tumbling and stunting. Renal tubular dysfunction can also be related to growth and developmental stunting. The trees can be defoliated completely and may cause "dieback", stunting or even death. Children affected by nodding disease experience a complete and permanent stunting of growth. Children born with low birthweight are more at risk of stunting. Similarly, maternal education has an inverse relationship with childhood stunting. Overall availability of food does not necessarily contribute to overall stunting figures.