Religious architecture includes extant cathedrals as well as the ruins of monasteries and abbeys. Balkh had some 100 Buddhist monasteries and 30,000 monks. The practice of honoring Mary with flowers originated among monasteries and convents in medieval Europe. The Swedish monasteries and convents were simultaneously deprived of their livelihoods. In Tibet, Buddhist monks kept Pugs as pets in their monasteries. Noble women were often patrons of literature, art, monasteries and convents, and religious men. Buddhist monks taught at Japan's monasteries. He expelled Coptic monks and bishops from their monasteries and sees. The new owners turned monks out of their monasteries and abbeys. They hold a central position in all Nyingma monasteries and monastic colleges. Buddhist institutions are often housed and centered around monasteries (Sanskrit&colon;"viharas") and temples. In 845, he ordered the destruction of 4,600 Buddhist monasteries and 40,000 temples. Education did ultimately continue, and was centred in the monasteries and cathedrals. The destruction of thirty churches and monasteries followed. Land was also centralized under religious institutions, including monasteries and bishoprics.