The WWF distinguishes between different chaparral ecoregions based on species endemism. Another concept in biogeography is that of oceanic cosmopolitanism and endemism. These areas were known for distinctive flora and fauna and high amounts of endemism. Like its flora, Madagascar's fauna is diverse and exhibits a high rate of endemism. The Atlantic Forest is characterized by a high biodiversity and endemism. It is a center of plant endemism and has two separate endemic bird areas. Taiwan is a center of bird endemism (see List of endemic birds of Taiwan). In their fauna the Pyrenees present some striking instances of endemism. The region shows high species diversity as well as high levels of endemism. The forests contained the characteristics of high levels of plant endemism and loss of habitats. The region is known for hosting high levels of endemism of amphibians and freshwater fish. The lowland forests represent a great reservoir of diversity and endemism. The reef has great species diversity with a high level of endemism. The index of freshwater gastropod endemism is 0.478. The country is megadiverse with a high number of species and high levels of endemism.