Further developments of the doctrine attempted to resolve this tension between statecraft and jurisprudence. An elite practised statecraft, art and science, based on Indian culture. During his travels, Bacon studied language, statecraft, and civil law while performing routine diplomatic tasks. After liberating Kei, Keiki continues to advise Youko on statecraft and politics. Constantine had no interest in politics, statecraft or the military. It covers the internal and external spheres of statecraft, politics and administration. He appeared ignorant of the very rudiments of statecraft and almost illiterate. He dabbled in many fields of statecraft, philosophy, scholarly works, and technology. It reflected the pre-Muslim Persian tradition of monarchy and statecraft. Cultivated talents were tested on matters of statecraft as well as the Confucian canon. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. He had no interest in politics, statecraft or the military and never developed any. "Leviathan" ranks as a classic Western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's "The Prince". They were tested on matters of statecraft and the Confucian canon. It is dated to 4th century BCE and discusses ideas of statecraft and economic policy.