Founder populations are essential to the study of island biogeography and island ecology. Species population is a science falling under the purview of population ecology and biogeography. DGVMs generally combine biogeochemistry, biogeography, and disturbance submodels. Biogeography and ecology share many of their disciplinary roots. For a mapping of morphological features and biogeography on the phylogenetic tree, see Fig. It is widely regarded as a seminal piece in island biogeography and ecology. Wilson and MacArthur's book "The Theory of Island Biogeography" became a standard ecology text. The evolutionary history of penguins is well-researched and represents a showcase of evolutionary biogeography. The evolutionary relationships, biogeography, and character evolution of centrolenids were discussed by Guayasamin et al. In biology, particularly in island biogeography, non-manmade rafts are an important concept. Linnaeus' findings set a basis for ecological biogeography. Humboldt's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography. There are also practical applications in the field of biogeography concerning ecological systems and processes. Continental drift explains the current biogeography of the tree. This is especially obvious in the field of insular biogeography.