Such markings might include pleats, darts, buttonholes, notches or placement lines for appliques or pockets. The cuffs are yellow with three white embroidered buttonholes. Charles Miller patented the first machine to stitch buttonholes. Other methods of closure are ties or buttons/buttonholes. Traditionally, this stitch has been used to secure the edges of buttonholes. Buttonholes often have a "bar" of stitches at either side of them. The predecessor of hooks on brassieres was the buttons and buttonholes. Sewing machines offer various levels of automation to creating plain buttonholes. Such shirts have special buttonholes solely for shirt studs. To circumvent the law, social democrats wore red bits of ribbons in their buttonholes. They gave their supporters in Parliament white camellias to wear in their buttonholes. The officer's jackets were unlaced, with 10 twist buttonholes placed in pairs. Tourist-friendly variations included miniature poi that could be worn in buttonholes and as earrings. Sometimes an extra hole was made in line with the buttonholes for this use. Being a little person, he was able to see through the buttonholes in Brady's coat.