In contrast to the previous election (which had two acclamations), no candidates were unopposed. Those candidates who have received the most and loudest acclamations were eventually elected. After the acclamations, gun salutes followed, amidst other spontaneous popular acclamations. This is a Canadian record (not including acclamations). Primarily, this affects the Gloria, the Holy, Holy, Holy, and the different Memorial Acclamations. Lactantius also reports that the populace supported Constantine with acclamations during circus games. Following the battle, Constantine entered the city to the acclamations of its populace. Litanies are prayers repeating acclamations, sometimes in responsory form. By the 4th century AD, acclamations were compulsory for high-level imperial officials.