Hindus are considered to be Kafirs by Muslims and Heathen by Christians. Hindus were openly addressed as malauns and kafirs. However, many Muslims consider Ahmadis as either "kafirs" or heretics. The Kafirs were converted and some also converted to avoid the "jizya". The Kafirs were poorly armed as compared to Afghans and numbered only 60,000. The party was labelled as traitors and "kafirs" by its opponents. The Kafirs were forcibly converted by Abdur Rahman Khan in the 1890s. Robertson's 1896 account was entitled "The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush". For this reason, they are known in Chitral as "the Black Kafirs". There have been varying theories about the origins of the Kafirs. Most of the Kafirs turned against Dravot and Carnehan. The Kafirs are historically recorded for the first time in 1339. About 60,000 of the Kafirs became converts.