The U.S. Supreme Court has invalidated laws under the Attainder Clause on five occasions. The constitution of every state also expressly forbids bills of attainder. Lord Oxford was impeached, and Lord Bolingbroke suffered from an act of attainder. Russell was exonerated by reversal of his attainder under William III of England. All his titles were forfeited by his attainder. The ban did not make up an impermissible bill of attainder. Within the U.S. Constitution, the clauses forbidding attainder laws serve two purposes. Elizabeth petitioned the General Court for reversal of attainder to restore her legal rights. Elizabeth petitioned the court for a reversal of attainder to restore her legal rights. Attainder by verdict resulted from conviction by jury. After the Duke of Northumberland's attainder the entire Dudley inheritance had disappeared. This was rejected by the Commons, who passed a bill of attainder. Today, we are one step from violating the constitution and passing a bill of attainder. Mason's draft called for a ban on bills of attainder. The Court changed its "bill of attainder test" in 1946.