It is diagnosed by lymph node excision biopsy. Local tissue damage may require surgical excision and possibly amputation. Radioactive iodine brachytherapy at the margins of wedge excision may reduce the risk of recurrence. With conservative surgical excision, recurrence is rare. Excision or amputation of affected parts may be required. This is usually followed up with a wider excision of the scar or tumor. Reprogramming is facilitated by active DNA demethylation involving the DNA base excision repair enzymatic pathway. This disease resulted from two alleles activating mutations on nucleotide excision repair. It can be removed by simple surgical excision. This allows DNA repair mediated by endogenous mechanisms like the nucleotide excision repair system. CPDs are readily repaired by nucleotide excision repair enzymes. Olivecrona performed the first surgical excision of an intracranial AVM in 1932. Additionally ceramics were decorated by sculpting, incision, excision, and grooving. In cases of saccular type of cyst, excision and placement of T-shaped tube is done. In fistulas and pilonidal sinuses it is used to identify the tract for complete excision.