It is most common in boas, pythons, tropidophiids, colubrids and elapids of the genus "Acanthophis". Like many elapids, many-banded kraits are oviparous. Until recently, colubrids were basically colubroids that were not elapids, viperids, or "Atractaspis". Nearly all venomous species in Australia are elapids, as vipers are absent from the continent. Subcutaneous LD varies by over 140-fold within elapids and by more than 100-fold in vipers. In vipers and elapids, this groove is completely closed, forming a hypodermic needle-like tube. Hydrophiid snakes, otherwise known as sea snakes, have only recently evolved from terrestrial elapids. In the Middle East, it is carpet vipers and elapids. The Australian terrestrial elapids are technically 'hydrophiines', although they are not sea snakes. Terrestrial elapids are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. In common with most other elapids, "M. ikaheca" is oviparous. Antivenom is promptly required to be administrated if bitten by any elapids. Like other elapids, hatchlings are completely independent from birth. Loreal scales are absent in elapids. This form of dentition is unique to elapids.