The primary argument was that the doctrine of effectivity gave them authority to secede. Its effectivity was limited to the Republic-controlled areas of Biscay and a fringe of Gipuzkoa. The $500,000 is not adjusted for inflation, so the threshold is effectivity lowered over time. This contrasts with the boldface hierarchy, where no such effectivity is required. His magister thesis covered the satirical magazine "Titanic and the range of effectivity of satire". The effectivity of AR as a political campaign tool was established.