Reductions in calcium, phosphorus, iron and ascorbic acid were also found. They also contain moderate levels of carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Antioxidants such as sulfite and ascorbic acid are sometimes used. Sodium ascorbate is one of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of traces of alkaloids and ascorbic acid in fruits. Potassium bromate acts more directly or with fewer chemical conversion steps than ascorbic acid. Scurvy can result from a lack of vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid. Eighty percent of the world's supply of ascorbic acid is produced in China. There are many different biosynthesis pathways for ascorbic acid in plants. Excretion can be as ascorbic acid, via urine. Electrolyzing the solution of potassium iodide produces iodine, which reacts with ascorbic acid. Endogenous nitrosamine formation can be inhibited by ascorbic acid. It was made by citric and ascorbic acid from natural fruit extracts. Antioxidants such as thiols or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) terminate these chain reactions. Ascorbic acid may also be added.