Many of the popups advertise fraudulent programs such as AntiSpywareMaster, WinFixer, and AntiVirus 2009. The trojan MacDefender (2011) used a similar tactic, combined with displaying popups. He suggests that the Internet engenders cognitive distractions in the form of ads and popups. Popups appear in the text as green text with a dotted underline. A subsequent forensic analysis revealed that the uncontrollable pornographic popups were propagated by NewDotNet.