Van der Waals forces, electrostatic repulsions, and steric stabilization are the reasons for these interactions. Such energy barriers can be due to steric or electrostatic repulsions. Normally this would lead to electrostatic repulsions between the molecules, stabilizing the colloid. But the repulsions of electrons are taken into account somewhat by the phenomenon of screening. The repulsions of two Mongol invasions were momentous events in Japanese history. As discussed earlier, momentary attractions (or repulsions) between particles have an effect on gas dynamics. Likewise, increasing salt concentrations helps diffuse negative repulsions between the phosphates in the DNA's backbone. Repulsions between like charges cause the polymers to change shape. To relieve such pressure, lipid membrane has to bend in order to decrease protein repulsions. He was referring to the Turkish repulsions in Suez Canal zone. It is not bonded with another atom; however, it influences the overall shape through repulsions.