The candidate retains postulant status throughout seminary, until ordination to the transitional diaconate takes place. Eight of the NSKK's dioceses ordain women to the diaconate and priesthood. Some deacons remain permanently in the diaconate while most subsequently are ordained as priests. In 1994, Paffhausen was ordained to the diaconate and priesthood. The first ordination in E.G.C. is that of the diaconate. The first Council of Orange (441) forbade the ordination of women to the diaconate. In 1972, Paul was ordained for the first stage of diaconate in Parumala Seminary. He was ordained to the diaconate in 1970. He also became involved with vocations, the permanent diaconate, and encouragement of lay ministry. He was ordained to the diaconate on 15 August 1966. The tradition of kissing the hands of ordained clergy extends to the diaconate as well. Some of those denominations ordain women to the diaconate, believing this is encouraged by . One of John Calvin's legacies was to restore the diaconate as a servant ministry. The Russian Orthodox Church had a female diaconate into the 20th century. Now, the clerical state is tied to reception of the diaconate.