Here, the Church dealt with issues of simony, concubinage of the clergy. Benedict IX refused to appear on charges of simony in 1049 and was excommunicated. Early protest was against corruptions such as simony, episcopal vacancies, and the sale of indulgences. Both the campaign against priestly marriage and that against simony provoked widespread resistance. It condemned simony and the charging of fees for administering the Eucharist. In September 1555, however, he was accused of simony by Pope Paul IV and exiled. Clement's brief tenure as pope saw the enactment of more stringent prohibitions against simony. Any clergy suspected of simony were then investigated. The patriarch's reputation suffered from criticism of his alleged tolerance of simony. Instead of procuring the necessary funds, he was convicted of simony (selling church offices). Walter of St Victor accused Peter of obtaining the office by simony. I promulgated statutes against simony, in the latter case through the Simony Act 1588. Gregory rejected Iuthael because he was notorious for simony and Guilden as too young. When they take from the people instead of giving, simony and other corruption can follow. This could be a reference to the simony scandal.