In some accounts, global white privilege is related to American exceptionalism and hegemony. In certain cases, it may be considered a form of ethnocentrism and American exceptionalism. Scholars have explored possible justifications for the notion of American exceptionalism. Belief in American exceptionalism is what got us here. This belief establishes a ground for Devotees exceptionalism. Author Robert Elias credits the Doubleday myth for contributing to the idea of American exceptionalism. Mitt Romney attacked Obama's statement, arguing it showed Obama did not believe in American exceptionalism. This metaphor is often used by proponents of exceptionalism. Putin has denounced the idea of "American exceptionalism". The term "exceptionalism" can imply criticism of a tendency to remain separate from others. Parts of American exceptionalism can be traced to American Puritan roots. Some criticized Turner's frontier thesis and the theme of American exceptionalism. Winthrop's sermon is often characterized as a forerunner to the concept of American exceptionalism. Its emergence was concurrent with the development of the idea of American exceptionalism. Most of the discussions of American Exceptionalism refer to the nation as a whole.