Also, only mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles carry the malaria-causing parasite of the genus plasmodium. There are 4 genus of mosquitoes that transmit dirofilariasis, Ades, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia. Insect hosts are most frequently mosquitoes of the genera "Culex" and "Anopheles". The principal mosquito vectors include "Mansonia", "Anopheles", and "Aedes" mosquitoes. The female mosquito of the genus "Anopheles" may carry the malaria parasite. Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by an "Anopheles" mosquito to a human host. It is transmitted by bites of infected female mosquitoes of the genus "Anopheles". Infection in humans begins with the bite of an infected female "Anopheles" mosquito. The adult stage is when the female "Anopheles" mosquito acts as malaria vector. The disease is most commonly spread by an infected female "Anopheles" mosquito. The parasites are transmitted through the bites of female mosquitos (of the species of "Anopheles"). For example, an insecticide-resistant mutation arose in "Anopheles gambiae" African mosquitoes. P. falciparum parasites are transmitted mainly by the Anopheles gambiae complex in rural Africa. In the mosquito "Anopheles stephensi", trypsin activity is restricted entirely to the posterior midgut lumen. The culicine and "Anopheles" clades of mosquitoes diverged between and .