Pleurodesis is performed to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax or recurrent pleural effusion. Obstructive shock may be due to cardiac tamponade or a tension pneumothorax. Obstructive shock can occur in the setting of tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade. Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer. Correcting the underlying cause such as a tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade may help. Associated injuries include pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion, hemo/pneumothorax, and broken ribs. In 1941, the surgeons Tyson and Crandall introduced pleural abrasion for the treatment of pneumothorax. The occurred complications included pneumothorax and transient cysts. A secondary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in the presence of existing lung disease. Violent coughing can cause the pleura to rupture, leading to a pneumothorax. It can also result from acute changes associated with bronchospasm and pneumothorax. It is used to diagnose pneumothorax, emphysema and other diseases. The first pneumothorax, or lung collapse, precedes the diagnosis of LAM in 82% of patients. The individual may develop a pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung. In traumatic pneumothorax, chest tubes are usually inserted.