Wines are made from "Vitis vinifera" grapes. This led to repeated efforts to grow familiar "Vitis vinifera" varieties. It is one of the few "teinturier" grapes that belong to the "Vitis vinifera" species. European vineyards were planted with a wide variety of the "Vitis vinifera" grape. In the mid-1970s, several growers began experimenting with plantings of "Vitis vinifera". It is a hybrid of Thompson Seedless, Cardinal, and several other "Vitis vinifera" cultivars. It is formally listed as a "Vitis vinifera" cultivar. Hybridization is the breeding of "Vitis vinifera" with resistant species. Pinot noir () is a red wine grape variety of the species "Vitis vinifera". The enzyme is also present in "Vitis vinifera" (grape). "Vitis vinifera" produces many phenolic compounds. Early settlers tried to cultivate "Vitis vinifera" grapes from Europe with limited success. It shows a branch of vine ("Vitis vinifera"). Another familiar example is found in the common grape genus ("Vitis vinifera"). Bobal is a variety of "Vitis vinifera", a red grape used in winemaking.