In Mingrelian the verbs can be monovalent, bivalent or trivalent. Phosphate and other bivalent anions stabilize GLUD1. The paired chromosomes are called bivalent or tetrad chromosomes. These substances are mono- and bivalent cations, neurotransmitters, fluorescent dyes and ATP. Multiple recombination events can occur on each bivalent. At this point a tetrad of the chromosomes has formed known as a bivalent. Avidity effects of bivalent interactions redirecting transport to the lysosome . Dogs and cats can be treated with a caprylic acid-fractionated, bivalent, whole IgG, equine antivenom. The Grb10 gene in mice makes use of these bivalent domains. They are also present over bivalent promoters and active enhancers. A logic satisfying this principle is called a two-valued logic or bivalent logic. The structure, visible by microscopy, is called a bivalent. H3K27me3 is often seen to interact with H3K4me3 in bivalent domains . Each bivalent contains a minimum of one chiasma and rarely more than three. In fuzzy set theory, classical bivalent sets are usually called "crisp" sets.