Similar mechanisms are used for the eusocial wasp species "Vespula vulgaris". Another name for "Vespula vulgaris" is the common yellow-jacket. "M. paradoxus" is primarily a parasitoid of the common wasp "Vespula vulgaris". The foraging activities of "Vespula vulgaris" are generally highest in early mornings. Unlike honey bees, which die after stinging, "Vespula vulgaris" can sting multiple times. Furthermore", Vespula vulgaris "is similar to "V. austriaca" and is considered a sister species.