Most animal species belong to and are phylogenetic descendants of apterous taxa. These groups are said to be primarily apterous. Many are brightly colored in reds, especially males, and most species are apterous (without wings). The males may be alate or apterous. "Cinara cupressi" is a small, soft-bodied insect reaching lengths of between for apterous (wingless) females. An animal with this condition is said to be apterous. Many of the tropical taxa are apterous. Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack wings. The only European species in the family is the (almost always) apterous "Bertkauia lucifuga". The females are apterous (i.e. wingless) and have rudimentary antennae and legs.