Many socially monogamous species engage in extra-pair copulations, making them sexually non-monogamous. Subordinate females have their copulations interrupted more often than dominant females. Unguarded females may be approached by other males, and extra pair copulations are frequent. Subordinate males have far less copulations with females compared to the high-ranking males. Females can raise a brood alone, fertilizing her eggs using sperm stored from previous copulations. This monogamous lifestyle, however, can still contain extra-pair copulations. Female solicits copulations by facing away from male with drooped wings and flared tail-coverts. In fowl, females can be physically injured during forceful copulations. A strategy common among insects is for males to participate in prolonged copulations. Males which had multiple copulations with the same female caused greater damage to her genitals. During this period, the most fertile females tend to have more extra-pair copulations. Female white-fronted bee-eaters are subjected to forced copulations. In addition, just a few dominant males account for the majority of copulations. Dominant bulls will disrupt copulations of lower-ranking bulls. He never watched the flies' copulations.