Christian deists believe that Jesus Christ was a deist. List's doctrine has been described as gnostic, pantheist and deist. At that time "deist" and "deism" already carried their modern meaning. He was a non-doctrinaire deist or an atheist, who was antireligious and anti-Islamic in general. Fielding (1940) argues that Adams's beliefs synthesized Puritan, deist, and humanist concepts. Views differ on whether David Hume was a deist, an atheist, or something else. Biographer James Moore described Lamarck as a "thoroughgoing deist". Lillback claims he disproved the deist hypothesis. Like other key Enlightenment thinkers, Voltaire was a deist. De Warens, a deist by inclination, was attracted to Catholicism's doctrine of forgiveness of sins. According to Packard from Lamarck's writings, he may be regarded as a deist. We know from his correspondence with Voltaire that Frederick the Great was a deist. Soane did not like organised religion and was a Deist. Other notable Founding Fathers may have been more directly deist. He is considered to have been a deist and a mystic.