In December 1860, Constantinople became another center of the First Uniat movement. The Second Uniat movement started again in Kukush. Franciszek Gajewski became the Castellan of Konarsk-Kuyavia and Florian Hrebnicki the Uniat Archbishop of Polotsk. However, as an Uniat he was opposed by the anti-Polish party. The First Uniat movement originated in two centers&colon; Kukush and Constantinople. During his episcopal ministry in the late 1880s, the Uniat in Macedonia reached its apogee. In 1861 the Vatican and the Ottoman government recognized a separate Bulgarian Uniat Church. In 1941, the Uniat parishes went under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Exarchate in Sofia.