Lagoonal environments were established landwards of the bioherm belts, in which laminated shales developed. It has two gates, the central one, facing landwards, and the sea gate. The church of Ockholm was destroyed and the sea dike had to be relocated landwards. The Landmark Trust have moved the tower landwards, away from the crumbling cliff top. Approx further landwards passes the South Island Main Trunk Railway the building. It extends landwards to the marshy tundra filled with numerous small lakes.