Sanitation can include personal sanitation and public hygiene. Risk factors include poor sanitation and poor hygiene. Standard hygiene and sanitation procedures avoid transmission. Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation. They focus on health, education, poverty, hunger, climate change, water sanitation, and hygiene. The Ministry of Health is in charge of policies related to sanitation and hygiene promotion. Diarrhoeal diseases were the result of poor hygiene, bad sanitation, and dietary changes. Access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene is also far from universal. The areas often lack basic services like sanitation and sewage. Hygiene promotion is seen by many as an integral part of sanitation. Dubai Municipality is also in charge of the city's sanitation and sewage infrastructure. Cholera most often affects poor countries with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation. Conditions became unsafe for habitation due to lack of maintenance and sanitation. The internment camps were overcrowded with bad sanitation and meagre food rations. The level of access to water supply and sanitation has been increased significantly.