The Kolkos argued American policy was both reflexively anticommunist and counterrevolutionary. Wang was charged with spreading counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement. During the Soviet-era feminism was classified as a bourgeois ideology, hence counterrevolutionary and anti-Soviet. The Kuomintang government under Sun and Chiang denounced feudalism as counterrevolutionary. Soviet communist artist Demyan Bedny called the film "counterrevolutionary" and "defeatist". Chiang arrests targeted rich millionaires, accusing them of communism and counterrevolutionary activities. Class struggle intensified as landowners turned to counterrevolutionary organisations and local oligarchs. The authorities' accusations that the revolt was a counterrevolutionary plan were false. In turn, the POUM newspaper La Batalla accused the Communists of being counterrevolutionary. The socialist intellectuals believed the officers to be the most likely counterrevolutionary elements. It was already clear to them that Stalinism represented the worst of counterrevolutionary waves. From 1914 to 1917, he was imprisoned by Yuan Shikai's counterrevolutionary government. Racism became branded as counterrevolutionary and critics of the government were often branded as racists. The commission should also observe the press and counterrevolutionary parties, sabotaging officials and other criminals. Subsequently Hashemi was arrested, convicted and executed in September 1987 on charges of counterrevolutionary activities.