Walker often uses the imagery of the Mother Goddess to discuss neolithic matriarchies. Most academics exclude egalitarian nonpatriarchal systems from matriarchies more strictly defined. Anthropologists like Peggy Reeves Sanday determine societies like Mosuo are in fact matriarchies. The film's other themes include motherhood, evil, and the dynamics of matriarchies. Females are the dominant sex in Wonderland, as the ruling families are matriarchies. Matriarchies may also be confused with matrilineal, matrilocal, and matrifocal societies.