Watson wished to have no more fines for recusancy levied. The Palmes family were Nonconformist; in the 17th century they received quietuses for recusancy fines. He was required to pay heavy fines for recusancy. In later life he spent many years imprisoned unable to pay recusancy fines. The Dukes of Norfolk remained Roman Catholic despite the Reformation (see recusancy). Byrd himself appears in the recusancy lists from 1584. Dorothy Wadham had her armoury confiscated because she was suspected of recusancy. In July 1580, Dymoke and his wife, were indicted for hearing Mass and for recusancy. The dukes have historically been Catholic, a state of affairs known as recusancy in England. Catholic recusancy was strong in the surrounding countryside. Unlike other English Catholics, Digby had little first-hand experience of England's recusancy laws. Joseph Pearce again offers the explanation of recusancy, rather than evidence of atheism. In 1714 (George I, c. 13) a new element was introduced, namely Constructive Recusancy. Recusancy was historically focused in Northern England, particularly Cumbria, Lancashire and Yorkshire.