References to the concepts of anarchism, socialism, communism and capitalism permeate the book. Obasanjo was contemptuous of ideological arguments about capitalism and socialism. The modern concept of socialism evolved in response to the development of industrial capitalism. This practice is in contrast with the ideals of both socialism and "laissez-faire" capitalism. Leo had argued that both capitalism and communism are flawed. They claimed to provide a realistic economic alternative that was neither "laissez-faire" capitalism nor communism. They see actually existing capitalism as corporatism, corporatocracy, or crony capitalism. Cultural and institutional forms such as democracy, capitalism, and environmentalism have increased influence. Some took sides according to international capitalism or international communism. Parenti says imperialism is older than capitalism. Social capital is also distinguished from the economic theory social capitalism. Thus mercantilist regulation was more akin to feudalism than capitalism. Joel Kovel sees globalisation as a force driven by capitalism. Buttigieg describes himself as a progressive and a supporter of democratic capitalism. Thoreau was ambivalent towards industrialization and capitalism.