Materials science has its roots in metallurgy, mineralogy, and crystallography. Geometallurgy combines the geologic sciences with extractive metallurgy and mining. Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. The study of sintering in metallurgy powder-related processes is known as powder metallurgy. In archaeology, the Iron Age refers to the advent of ferrous metallurgy. Non-ferrous metals were the first metals used by humans for metallurgy. The Iron Age refers to the advent of iron working (ferrous metallurgy). Sodium fluoride has a variety of specialty chemical applications in synthesis and extractive metallurgy. These compounds are usually obtained with directional solidification from melt or powder metallurgy processes. Bashkortostan is one of the major raw materials bases for Russia non-ferrous metallurgy. It benefited from the wealth of certain sectors such as metallurgy, mining, banking and textiles. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering. Sumerian metallurgy and goldsmithing were highly developed. It is famous for its defense, engineering and metallurgy industries. It is typically used in engineering and metallurgy.