Some agnostics, however, are not nontheists but rather agnostic theists. Both theists and atheists have criticized this development. Contradictions in the traditional attributes are pointed out by open theists and atheists alike. The audience was composed of both theists and atheists. "Temporal simplicity" is endorsed by many theists but is highly controversial among Christian theologians. Classical theists do not believe that God can be completely defined. Theists generally believe some afterlife awaits people when they die. Indeed, open theists believe God's character is unchanging. He argued that many theists would accept that God, by nature, cannot be fully comprehended. He also questioned theists about the existence of God. Theists, incensed at his outspoken disbelief, often rioted during his lectures and public speeches. Carroll occasionally takes part in formal debates or discussions with theists. However, evolution remains a contentious concept for some theists. Many clergy and theists were tried, tortured, and executed. According to some theists, natural laws may be viewed as secondary causes of God(s).