Offset fulfillers redeems the offsets certificates through contracts or subcontracts with the prime contractor. Retainage provisions are applicable to subcontracts as well as prime contracts. DESE has received contracts, subcontracts, or Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) awards in these areas. FEMA subcontracts the installation of FEMA trailers to numerous private contractors. He revealed tenders and subcontracts, exploitation, bribes. Several other subcontracts with aerospace firms and other minor aviation manufacturers were also established. DOE subcontracts the research and operation to universities and research organizations. Some were subcontracts from other firms, such as Kerr Stuart, at that time, in Glasgow. Although CENECA sets the general strategy, it subcontracts operational matters to Comexposium. Transdev subcontracts KiwiRail to provide and operate the diesel locomotives on the Wairarapa services. Fett subcontracts the job to bounty hunter and shape-shifter Zam Wesell. Design started about 1994, and was complete enough for subcontracts by 1996. Subcontracts went to local businesses&colon; Plumber, E. H. Carter, Beck's Electric, and MacKay's Paint Shop. In order to provide a richer interface, they developed the concepts of "subcontracts".