The Hasty Pudding cipher was the only AES candidate designed exclusively by U.S. cryptographers. Several schemes were invented by cryptographers to defeat this weakness in simple substitution encryptions. American cryptographers built a machine that could decrypt these messages. A Japanese Enigma clone was codenamed GREEN by American cryptographers. Menaker was identified by Arlington Hall cryptographers in sixteen Venona messages. There, a staff of analysts and cryptographers began their duties. The staff were 26 cryptographers, 28 engineers and 275 Wrens. After he recalibrates the machine, it quickly decodes a message and the cryptographers celebrate. Clipper was widely criticized by cryptographers for two reasons. This led the French to disclose their links with Polish cryptographers. Among the first agent cryptographers to be posted to Paris was Dr Lenz. This memo appears to give credence to previous speculation by cryptographers at Microsoft Research. The machine was called "PURPLE" by U.S. cryptographers. Three cryptographers gather around a table for dinner. Otherwise, one of the cryptographers paid, but their identity remains unknown to the other cryptographers.