However, Esdaile had studied neither hypnotism nor Mesmerism himself. Stage hypnosis performances often encourage audience members to look further into the benefits of hypnotism. There are some similarities between both the theory and practice of Victorian Mesmerism and hypnotism. Parapsychology, hypnotism, and psychism were major topics of the early International Congresses. A trance is a state of hypnotism and heightened consciousness. Dave Elman is also known for introducing rapid inductions to the field of hypnotism. Situations involving hypnotism, concussion, and sleepwalking may involve apparently deliberate and purposeful conduct. The psychiatrist Albert Moll subsequently continued German research, publishing "Hypnotism" in 1889. The Odic force was conjectured to explain the phenomenon of hypnotism. His main contributions in medicine were in the fields of hypnotism and hysteria. He was also skilled in use of hypnotism and magical artifacts. The main theorist who pioneered the influential role-taking theory of hypnotism was Theodore Sarbin. It is suggestion that rules hypnotism. After his treatment Sreenu is attracted to hypnotism and learns from him. Moll was a leading researcher on subject of hypnotism.