Of the 70 English boroughs that Tudor monarchs enfranchised, 31 were later disenfranchised. Women were enfranchised in 1893, establishing universal suffrage. Tennessee continued to have competitive politics after the freedmen were enfranchised. Peasants under the Prussian administration were gradually enfranchised under the reforms of 1811 and 1823. A borough constituency of Chippenham was enfranchised in 1295. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. In practice, they enfranchised many whites, but rejected both poor whites and blacks. Illiterate women were not enfranchised at all. Picnicking in the parks became a popular activity amongst the newly enfranchised citizens. Only Christian men, if owning land, were enfranchised as citizens. A candidate may also be nominated by 20,000 enfranchised citizens. In 1870 the Fifteenth Amendment enfranchised black men. Among the Muwalladun were the free-born, the enfranchised, and slaves. In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment enfranchised black men. By the 1840s, only 40% of the state's free white males were enfranchised.