The hippocampus and amygdala affect odor perception. CB is expressed at high densities in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. Glucocorticoids act on the hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal lobes. Strong synchronization of theta waves in the hippocampus and anterior ventral thalamus has been observed. The amygdala passes olfactory information on to the hippocampus. The EC, is located in the parahippocampal gyrus, a cortical region adjacent to the hippocampus. The spiking activity of neurons within the hippocampus is highly correlated with sharp wave activity. It begins and ends with the hippocampus (or the hippocampal formation). The EC is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex. In TLE, there is loss of neurons in region CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. The intermediate hippocampus has overlapping characteristics with both the ventral and dorsal hippocampus. This may be a consequence of the concentration of excitable glutamate receptors in the hippocampus. The medial pallium forms the precursor of the hippocampus. The function of NMDA receptors varies according to the subregion of the hippocampus. Hemispheric differences within the hippocampus are also observed.