Application-layer firewalls are sometimes implemented using application proxies. These POPs can be caching servers, reverse proxies or application delivery controllers. Reverse proxies forward requests to one or more ordinary servers which handle the request. Most HTTP proxies do not pipeline outgoing requests. Spammers abuse vulnerable resources such as open mail relays and open proxies. These allow Linux applications to use NTLM proxies. Crypto-anarchists create this deniability by sending encrypted messages to interlinked proxies in computer networks. Also of note are web proxies, and bouncers for FTP and IRC. Most public VPNs work through open proxies. Other DOI resolvers and HTTP Proxies include http&colon;//hdl.handle.net, and https&colon;//doi.pangaea.de/. Further reconstructions were published, using additional proxies and different methodology. The voting and the appointment of proxies could be done electronically. There are no proxies or other alternatives available. SEC Rule 14a-9 prohibits any false or misleading statements being made in soliciting proxies. This requires the use of proxies and stubs.