Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Massless virtual gluons compose the numerical majority of particles inside hadrons. The dynamics of the quarks and gluons are controlled by the quantum chromodynamics Lagrangian. It postulated the fundamental strong interaction, experienced by quarks and mediated by gluons. Bosons may be either elementary, like photons and gluons, or composite, like mesons. His research involved work that determined properties of gluons, quarks, strange particles, and neutrinos. The species of gauge bosons are eight gluons, , and bosons, and the photon. Protons and neutrons are baryons, joined by gluons to form the atomic nucleus. It describes particles similar to the gluons of quantum chromodynamics together with certain fermions. These include glueballs and hybrid mesons (mesons bound by excited gluons). Since leptons do not interact with gluons, they are not affected by this sector. Its subgroups include so can at least contain the gluons and photon of . Since gluons carry color charge, they themselves are able to emit and absorb other gluons. Since gluons themselves carry color charge, they participate in strong interactions. Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction.