Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell plant at Gurgaon pursues R&D in Photo Voltaic applications. Consider two voltaic cells of unequal voltage. In 2012, the Million Rooftop Photo Voltaic and Thousand Wind Turbines programs were initiated. Volta was the inventor of the voltaic pile, the first electrical battery. Hermann Nernst developed the theory of the electromotive force of the voltaic cell in 1888. A battery consists of some number of voltaic cells. Direct current was produced in 1800 by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta's battery, his Voltaic pile. He invented the Grove voltaic cell. It is often used in school laboratories to demonstrate chemical voltaic cell reactions. He also used the voltaic pile to decompose chemicals and to produce new chemicals. It provides a longer and more reliable current than the Voltaic cell. The authoritative work on the intellectual history of the voltaic cell remains that by Ostwald. Humphry Davy and Andrew Crosse were among the first to develop large voltaic piles. The result was a victory for the Voltaic Union (UV). The Voltaic Mossi make up about one-half of the population.