Estrangement and apathy toward Judaism were rampant. After a long estrangement, Byam and Christian reconcile their friendship. Despite their eventual estrangement the couple never divorced. Hoffmann was to regret his estrangement from his father. Shunning is also a mechanism in family estrangement. This produced a rivalry and lengthy estrangement between the two sisters. This caused a permanent, public estrangement between Wilhelm and his father Stephan. That led to the estrangement between father and son. This causes further estrangement within his family. After a period of estrangement, the two reunite and agree to marry. Think of our dehumanized factories, our unsatisfied senses, our working women, our estrangement from nature. Their fifth-century estrangement still persists. She's an incredibly sympathetic character, and it's a fresh spin on depicting estrangement between siblings. Suvin has labeled this idea of subversive thinking as cognitive estrangement. This change in career led to estrangement from his mother.