Prophylaxis with mefloquine was compared to prophylaxis with atovaquone-proguanil. It is recommended that patients be on concurrent venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Vaccines and drugs are available for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infections. Mefloquine is effective in prophylaxis and for acute therapy. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used before an incision. The CDC guidelines updated to recommend only neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza treatment and prophylaxis. The treatment of simple febrile seizures with anticonvulsant prophylaxis is no longer recommended. The United Kingdom recommends against its use for infectious endocarditis prophylaxis. Treatment is often in the form of preventive measures of prophylaxis. There are several phase III clinical trials addressing HAE prophylaxis and therapy. Phenobarbital was used for over 25 years as prophylaxis in the treatment of febrile seizures. Valproic acid has also been used for migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder. Papaverine is used as an off label prophylaxis (preventative) of migraine headaches. It is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of anthrax and Leptospirosis. This was not the case with patients that underwent treatment with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).