It requires a mandate be submitted to the bank by both the creditor and debtor. IOUs usually specify the debtor, the amount owed, and sometimes the creditor. The lender/creditor is known as the lienholder. A creditor or the company itself can apply for bankruptcy. The bailiff acts on behalf of a creditor who is legally owed money. Spyker owed 44 million euro and agreed to pay 12.000 euro per creditor. According to the CIA World Factbook, Norway is a net external creditor of debt. Being a creditor, bondholders have priority over stockholders. Payment by this method relies on the cooperation of the creditor and the enforcement officer. The term creditor derives from the notion of credit. An agent who applies on behalf of the creditor must be authorised to do so. This commission is deducted from the amount paid to the creditor. Charlie directs an employee to lie to the buyers while he stalls his creditor. Otherwise, it has an ecological reserve and it is called a "creditor". They are not able to prefer one creditor over another.