Halifax promoted pragmatism in government whilst Hume argued against political rationalism and utopianism. His warnings against utopianism, messianism and perfectionism strike a chord today. Philosophical pessimism stands opposed to the optimism or even utopianism of Hegelian philosophies. In contrast to its altruistic utopianism, Manley reveals a hypocritical dystopia. Also set in the Hainish universe, the story explored anarchism and utopianism. Such an ideology of digital utopianism fuelled the first generation of Internet pioneers. Imaginaries of Hope&colon; the dialectical utopianism of degrowth. These poetic images were used to show the utopianism of communism and the Soviet state. Critical regionalism displays a lack of self-criticism and a utopianism of place. Consequently, Malthus criticised "Political Justice" for expounding unachieveable utopianism. Hong preached a mixture of communal utopianism, evangelism, and Christianity. Euhemerus's work combined elements of fiction and political utopianism. He knowingly exposed himself to the risk of ridicule and the reproach of utopianism. James was interested in utopianism as a stepping stone to the spiritual life.