Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. Inbreeding reduces the attractiveness of sexual pheromone signaling by male mealworms. The alarm pheromone and other defensive chemicals are secreted from the frontal gland. They are likely to have pheromonal functions like those found for the brood recognition pheromone. The gland contains a strongly scented pheromone, used to mark its home range. Another good biological pest control method is the use of pheromone traps. Stage specific proteins correspond to the development of the pheromone gland. Chemicals emitted by the orchid act as the fly's sex pheromone precursor or booster. These traps are generally known as pheromone traps. Honey bees use n-butanol as an Alarm pheromone. Pharaoh ants were the first species found to use a negative trail pheromone. The physiological factors regulating reproductive development and pheromone production are unknown. When threatened it releases a toxic chemical similar to the ant's alarm pheromone. The gland which produces the alarm pheromone is also associated with the sting apparatus. Monitoring is possible by the use of sex pheromone traps.