Chiral ligands are used in homogeneous catalysis, such as asymmetric hydrogenation. Examples are those involving catalysis and enzymatic reactions. In general, enantioselective catalysis (known traditionally as asymmetric catalysis) are chiral coordination complexes. Phosphine oxides are ligands in various applications of homogeneous catalysis. Water is a common reagent in enzymatic catalysis. These cation exchanged zeolites possess different acidity and catalyse several acid catalysis. RNA and DNA molecules are capable of diverse functions ranging from molecular recognition to catalysis. Chiral Schiff bases were one of the first ligands used for asymmetric catalysis. This is beneficial for applications such as catalysis and select biomedical and electrochemical applications. It has a particular importance for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactions on surfaces. Applications in catalysis, medicine, electrochemical cells, corrosion and more have been developed. Additionally, conformational changes occur within the enzyme that aid catalysis. The polarizability of the nucleophile or involvement of intramolecular catalysis also plays a role. The spillover effect has been used to explain many observations in heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption. Enzyme surface is flexible and only the correct catalyst can induce interaction leading to catalysis.