If successful, inoculation produced lasting immunity to smallpox. The terms inoculation, vaccination, and immunization are often used synonymously. The term inoculation is often used interchangeably with vaccination. Despite this, controversy over smallpox inoculation intensified. In the coming years, Jenner continued advocacy for his vaccination over the still popular inoculation. Confirmed applications of inoculation for smallpox happened in China in the 1550s. Therefore, Jenner was not the first to try cowpox inoculation. The first inoculation against measles was made three years after their publication. As a result of this inoculation, defense responses are stronger in plants with mycorrhizal associations. The severity of infection depends in part on the timing of inoculation. Sleeping sickness begins with a tsetse bite leading to an inoculation in the subcutaneous tissue. This is distinct from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens. No preventive measure is known aside from avoiding the traumatic inoculation of fungi. Resistance breeding involves screening of plant lines subjected to artificial inoculation with "Fusarium". The word variolation is synonymous with inoculation, insertion, en-grafting, or transplantation.