The long, anteriorly swollen oviductus with large longitudinal ligula inside is distinctive of "Arion vulgaris". The ligula is of medium size with a short calamus. The Ligula and pottery dates from the early Iron Age to 5th-century Roman. Other common parasites include the nematode "Dichelyne minutus" and the cestoda "Ligula pavlovskii". A stimulating organ (ligula) can also be found in the atrium. As a student Khalfan attended Ligula Primary School and Ocean Secondary School in Mtwara. Ligula shallowly to moderately emarginate, or deeply emarginate or bilobed. In parts of India, a different mite species, "Schoengastiella ligula" is also a major vector.