Narcissism is not the same as egocentrism or egoism. According to Fromm, loving oneself is quite different from arrogance, conceit or egocentrism. Although egocentrism and narcissism appear similar, they are not the same. Piaget also believed that egocentrism affects the child's sense of morality. It is thought that Piaget overestimated the extent of egocentrism in children. The survey contained measures of three aspects&colon; adolescent egocentrism, self-consciousness, and interpersonal reactivity. This again exemplifies the idea that egocentrism is present in even late adolescence. They used the Adolescent Egocentrism Scale (AES) developed by Enright et al. Piaget did a test to investigate egocentrism called the mountains study. Piaget proposed that children moved from a position of egocentrism to sociocentrism. Gender differences have been found in the way egocentrism manifests. Piaget's aim in the Three Mountain Problem was to investigate egocentrism in children's thinking. Egocentrism is therefore a less overtly self-serving bias. Another study by Frankenberger (2000) also provides evidence that adolescent egocentrism is not age-related. He goes against the idea of egocentrism in the artistic world.