Pope John Paul II was the first Pontiff to visit Scotland. The great transformation began under Pope Nicholas V, who became pontiff in 1447. Thus, is derived another title by which the pope is known, that of "Supreme Pontiff". Bishops, it says, are not "vicars of the Roman Pontiff". As Cardinal Protodeacon Piccolomini announced and crowned the new pontiff. The Germanic Emperor and the Roman Pontiff became the universal powers of medieval Europe. Prayer cards often depict the sanctified pontiff with instruments of Holy Communion. The head of the college was known as the Pontifex Maximus (the greatest pontiff). The European Parliament commended the message the pontiff had delivered. Justice is exercised in the name of the Supreme Pontiff. The 1813 document was later repudiated by the Pontiff. He is also commonly called the Supreme Pontiff or the Sovereign Pontiff (). John Paul II was the first pontiff to denounce Mafia violence in Southern Italy. They are then officially appointed by the Roman Pontiff. He served as the pontiff of matha at Kumbakonam from 1624 to 1671.