Particles from this auroral interaction darken the Jovian polar regions at visible wavelengths. His geomagnetic surveys showed that auroral activity was nearly uninterrupted. The Kp/ap index indicates both geomagnetic storms and substorms (auroral disturbance). Early evidence for a geomagnetic connection comes from the statistics of auroral observations. Magnetometers monitor the auroral zone as well as the equatorial region. At auroral and polar latitudes, small space weather events that occur frequently disrupt HF communications. Displays of auroral light have long been observed at high latitudes. Radiation received also varies with geographical location (polar, auroral zones, mid-latitudes, and equatorial regions). Electronic bands of O ions occur in auroral spectra. These narrow circular regions correspond to Jupiter's main auroral ovals. The regions within the main ovals emits most of auroral X-rays. The effect is similar to auroral events, except that protons rather than electrons are involved. That solar wind input occurs mainly in the auroral regions during both day and night. Auroral activity is insignificant as compared to Jupiter and Saturn. The storm caused strong auroral displays and wrought havoc with telegraph systems.