The cuprate superconductors adopt a perovskite structure. However, the fundamental origins of diamagnetism in superconductors and normal materials are very different. Among conventional (phonon-mediated) superconductors, it is unusual. A more common proposal is magnetic shielding generated by superconductors (or plasma currents). I superconductors, since they cannot be penetrated by magnetic fields. The majority of high-temperature superconductors are ceramics materials. Point-contact tunneling is an important technique for characterizing superconductors. He worked on smart materials, composites and superconductors. Flux quantization also plays an important role in the physics of type II superconductors. I superconductors which involves long range microscopic interactions. Scale free topology has been also found in high temperature superconductors. All high temperature superconductors are type-II superconductors. It was stated by Lexus that the board worked using liquid-nitrogen-cooled superconductors and permanent magnets. This was indicated by the isotope effect observed in superconductors. In 1966 Dewitt was first to identify the significance of gravitational effects in superconductors.