Aircraft engaged in takeoff or landing can crash. This complicates takeoff and landing maneuvers. The earliest aircraft takeoff and landing sites were grassy fields. The pilot's view was poor during takeoff and landing. The much smaller could only carry vertical/short takeoff and landing aircraft and helicopters. The F-35B is the short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) variant of the aircraft. It also features short takeoff and landing capability. The enhancements improve takeoff and landing performance. Attempts to improve takeoff and landing performance eventually resulted in the Sukhoi Su-17. Both served as training ships to qualify naval aviators in carrier landing and takeoff. When the wing is in the forward position takeoff and landing performance is greatly improved. These include considerations for safety margins during landing and takeoff. Those which require a high angle of attack on takeoff or landing are especially so. This is a list of aircraft sorted by maximum takeoff weight. Initial flight results showed better-than-predicted takeoff and climb performance.