A limitation of cadmium plating is hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels from the electroplating process. They were also applied as oxygen anodes for electroplating copper and zinc in sulfate baths. Metals can be deposited by electroplating, evaporation, and sputtering processes. Nickel chloride solutions are used for electroplating nickel onto other metal items. A layer of chromium is deposited on pretreated metallic surfaces by electroplating techniques. It is also used for controlling the chromate to sulfate ratio in chromium electroplating baths. Cuprous cyanide is used for electroplating copper. Cadmium is a common component of electric batteries, pigments, coatings, and electroplating. ASTM B322 is a standard guide for cleaning metals prior to electroplating. The first major application was electroplating for decorative uses and as corrosion-resistant coating. The LIGA consists of three main processing steps; lithography, electroplating and molding. Allows for quantitative testing of electrolyte and proprietary additives of electroplating baths. Silver cyanide solutions are used in electroplating of silver. It can also refer to alkaline solutions used in electroplating of e.g. steel with zinc. Stirring setting varies for different metal electroplating processes.