Blacks had been essentially disfranchised since 1890. It disfranchised nearly all blacks and many poor whites. Blacks were then largely disfranchised in southern states, which were politically controlled by white Democrats. Estimates were that 600,000 whites and 500,000 blacks had been disfranchised. This property requirement disfranchised poor men among both blacks and whites. The state legislature passed a new constitutional amendment in 1900, which effectively disfranchised blacks altogether. We are denationalized; we are disfranchised. They disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites through poll taxes and literacy tests. Black voters had essentially been disfranchised by Alabama's constitution passed by white Democrats in 1901. In 1865 Tennessee disfranchised upwards of 80,000 ex-Confederates. The bill disfranchised 60 of the smallest boroughs, and reduced the representation of 47 others. The Radicals disfranchised every man who had supported the Confederacy, even indirectly. By 1900, these measures effectively disfranchised nearly all black voters in Mississippi. Any Athenian could participate in it, including slaves, foreigners, and those formerly disfranchised. The area also drew many poor, disfranchised people who became subsistence farmers.