Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. An irregular rhythm indicates atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter is another indication. Colchicine is effective for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. There is an increased risk for atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. More serious effects were bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, respiratory paralysis, atrial fibrillation and dyspnea. MMP9 levels increase with the progression of idiopathic atrial fibrillation. The two shockable rhythms are ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Digoxin is a medication used for heart failure or atrial fibrillation. Ultimately, ventricular tachycardia leads to ventricular fibrillation. He had a history of arrhythmia and persistent atrial fibrillation. Postoperative pericardial effusion is also suspected to be the cause of atrial fibrillation. Several medications are associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation. However, atrial flutter is more resistant to correction with such medications than atrial fibrillation. Some types of arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation increase the long term risk of stroke.