No derogation is permitted to the International Labour Conventions. International human rights law permits no derogation or exceptions to this human right. A derogation was issued in 2001, which exempted the class from mandatory TPWS installation. Nasser saw such measures as a "derogation from Egyptian sovereignty" and rejected Menzies' proposals. The model assumes that intergroup bias reflects in-group favoritism rather than outgroup derogation. Lee regarded this as a major derogation from the principle of the rule of law. In some cases the derogation is not temporary but permanent. One suggestion is that derogation effects are based on accurate judgments of a victim's character. The proposal aimed at making use of EU Primary Law internal security derogation . Despite a derogation, the government did not do this. Others have suggested alternative explanations for the derogation of victims. By way of derogation, German was taught in schools for three hours a week. Derogation is expected to end completely by 2022. The Cortes, called on 1 November 1679, proceeded with the derogation. Women, relative to men, appear more likely to engage in self-promotion than competitor derogation tactics.