The "argumentum ad populum" can be a cogent (strong) argument in inductive logic. The Latin phase "argumentum ad hominem" stands for "argument against the person". Appeal to force ("argumentum ad baculum") is a special instance of this form. The opposite is the "argumentum ad crumenam". The opposite is the "argumentum ad lazarum". This is a special case of "argumentum ad consequentiam", or "appeal to consequences". The "argumentum ex silentio" leads critics of the Kievan theory to search for alternative explanations. This "argumentum ex silentio" has been contested by other scholars, including Fickermann and Metzger. It contains Argumentum, lectionary markings at the margin, a Commentary of Theophylact.