During Meinertzhagen's assignment to Africa, frequent native "risings and rebellions" occurred. During the 18th century Jacobite risings, Orkney was largely Jacobite in its sympathies. The later Jacobite risings were centred in the Scottish Highlands. Some sought political asylum following the failed Jacobite risings in 1688, 1715 and 1745. The Highland clans held out until the 18th century Jacobite risings. Peterhead was a Jacobite-supporting town in the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745. The Munros supported the British government during the Jacobite risings. During the Jacobite risings of the 18th century the Clan Campbell supported the British-Hanoverian Government. Both novels are set in the aftermath of the Jacobite risings, in the mid-18th century. The fortifications continued to play a strategic military role during the 18th-century Jacobite risings. The two most serious risings were in 1715 and 1745. Famous examples include the Wars of the Roses, as well as the Jacobite risings. The suppression of the risings spurred further Reformation measures. They opened weapons caches, some buried since the 1934 risings, and formed militias. James and Davies look at the Risings of 1536 as the product of common grievances.