This denomination was formed by the 1858 union of Covenanter and Seceder Presbyterians. Daimler also provided tank components, including epicyclic gearboxes for 2,500 Crusader, Covenanter and Cavalier tanks. The Cavalier, Centaur and Cromwell tanks were the planned successors to the Covenanter and Crusader. In 1640 the Protestant Covenanter army besieged Caerlaverock for 13 weeks, eventually forcing its surrender. Later, Mauchline became something of a stronghold for the Covenanter movement. This was developed for the Covenanter tank. Approximately three-quarters of the Covenanter troops perished. Balmaclellan was once a centre of the Covenanter religious movement. These consisted of three tank regiments of Covenanter V tanks and a motor infantry battalion. To the last he protested that he was a real Covenanter and a loyal subject. A further Covenanter military intervention began in 1643. The graveyard of the old parish church contains some Covenanter remains. The Covenanter and Parliamentarian foot, some of whom had already reached Tadcaster, were hastily recalled. During World War II, the British Covenanter and Churchill tanks were powered by flat-twelve engines. Similar measures in Scotland caused the 1639-1640 Bishops' Wars, and installation of a Covenanter government.