The substantive verb is used when the predicate is an adjective, adverb, or prepositional phrase. It can be a noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, or adverb. Pro rata is an adverb or adjective meaning in equal portions or in proportion. This can be placed before a verb, preposition or adverb to negate it. However, adverbs must be formed if one wants to make an adjective into an adverb. An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. Leicht is either "easy" as an adverb or "light" as an adjective in German. An alternative is to add an adverb to the positive form of the adjective. Usually, an adverb or an adverbial phrase comes between them. Modern Scots also has a third adjective/adverb "this"-"that"-"yon"/"yonder" ("thon"/"thonder") indicating something at some distance. French often requires using adverbial phrases where English is satisfied with a simple adverb. "nu" is also used as a negation adverb, infixed between subject and verb. There is also one preposition&colon; "hasta" ("until"), and one adverb&colon; "he". An adverb phrase is a phrase that acts as an adverb within a sentence. There are also cases in which the adverb must immediately precede the predicate.