Millions of cords of white spruce were also probably killed. The southern limit of distribution of white spruce is more complex. Trees most at risk are those growing with balsam fir and white spruce. Containerized white spruce stock is now the norm. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Isorhapontin can be found in spruce species such as the white spruce. The problem is aggravated in species that have little self-pruning ability, such as white spruce. Native Americans used the flexible roots of white spruce for basketry. A 1915 inspection reported 97% viability for white spruce seed. Fertilization reduced root growth in black spruce but not of white spruce. In the Black Hills of South Dakota, white spruce replaces Engelmann spruce. Coniferous trees such as black spruce, white spruce, and balsam fir dominate the native vegetation. Fraser recorded the development of a single white spruce tree from 1926 to 1961. White spruce can live for several hundred years. C day/night temperatures have been recommended for white spruce.