Nineteenth-century Minstrel shows used white actors in blackface and costumes to lampoon and disparage blacks. They rejected the stereotypes of the blackface and minstrel show traditions. Christy was the founder of the blackface minstrel show known as the Christy's Minstrels. At that time, minstrel shows were staged by white performers in blackface. All of the Tom shows appear to have incorporated elements of melodrama and blackface minstrelsy. It is one of the many legacies and techniques of 19th century blackface minstrelsy. Howard Dumble began modifying Fender tweed and blackface amplifiers in 1963. Bakshi intended to attack stereotypes by portraying them directly, culling imagery from blackface iconography. There have been several inflammatory incidents of white college students donning blackface. Still, their performances were largely in accord with established blackface stereotypes. The film was widely criticized for featuring a Caucasian actor wearing blackface. By 1840, black performers also were performing in blackface makeup. The golliwog contributed enormously to the spread of blackface iconography in Europe. Many of the African Americans in the film were portrayed by white actors in blackface. Most portrayals fell into three categories&colon; blackface, animalistic and evil/angry.