If reasonable doubt still persists, an exploratory peritoneal lavage or laparoscopy may be performed. Treatment options include pulmonary lavage and corticosteroid therapy. Treatment may consist of induction of vomiting or stomach evacuation by gastric lavage. Administering activated charcoal also poses less risk of aspiration than gastric lavage. Preliminary care consists of gastric decontamination with either activated carbon or gastric lavage. Treatment of overdose includes emptying of the stomach via induced vomiting or by gastric lavage. The most suitable specimens are the sputum, or when clinically necessary, bronchoalveolar lavage or biopsy. Induced vomiting and gastric lavage are protective measures to reduce absorption of the toxic compounds. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended. Gastric lavage is used infrequently in modern poisoning treatment. Gastric lavage, syrup of ipecac, and whole bowel irrigation are rarely used. Management of phenibut overdose includes activated charcoal, gastric lavage, induction of vomiting, and symptom-based treatment. For recent ingestion, administration of activated charcoal and gastric lavage are both options. Gastric evacuation or lavage is "seldom" indicated. In addition to gastric lavage, sympathomimetic agents may also required.