To assess bias, participants took pretest and posttest questionnaires. Students completed the learning experience questionnaire after the instruction as a pretest measure. However, a 10% pretest probability only yields a positive predictive value of 35%. To achieve a positive predictive value over 90%, the pretest probability must be 70%. A low pretest probability is also valuable in ruling out PE. Participants showed significant decreases in automatic bias from the pretest to posttest. The Uniform Combined State Law Examination consists of 100 multiple-choice questions and 10 pretest questions. Each testlet contains operational and pretest questions. Participants were exposed to three innovations in pretest and posttest design. Operational questions are scored, while pretest questions are not scored. From the candidate's perspective, pretest questions are indistinguishable from operational questions. Most typically, there is a pretest then an intervention and then a posttest. The remaining 25 are pretest questions that are "indistinguishable" from the real questions. Hispanics made the greatest pretest to posttest gains at the end of each course. Thus a pretest is needed to define a possibly existing preference to one compartment.