"Gyromitra caroliniana" is the type species of subgenus "Caroliniana" of genus "Gyromitra". These risks are only associated with the species Gyromitra esculenta and Gyromitra ambigua. The genera "Helvella" and "Gyromitra" are similar. It was transferred to "Gyromitra" by Fries in 1871. Populations of "Gyromitra esculenta" appear to vary geographically in their toxicity. The edibility of "Gyromitra esculenta" has been recently brought into question. Harri Harmaja disagreed, later placing "Fastigiella" in synonymy with "Gyromitra". Yet others would be poisoned after eating "Gyromitra esculenta" for many years without ill-effects. The name "Gyromitra" comes from "gyro" meaning "convoluted" and "mitra" meaning "turban". Gyromitra californica is a species of fungus in the family Discinaceae. A similar species, "Gyromitra montana" occurs in North America. See also "Gyromitra esculenta", which is similar in appearance but poisonous. "Gyromitra infula" is widely distributed throughout boreal, montane and coastal forests in North America.