In a recent study, preliminary evidence supporting the universality of functional fixedness was found. There are several hypotheses in regards to how functional fixedness relates to problem solving. Functional fixedness can affect problem solvers in at least two particular ways. Common sense seems to be a plausible answer to functional fixedness. Functional fixedness is a commonplace occurrence, which affects the lives of many people. Another phenomenon similar to Einstellung is functional fixedness (Duncker 1945). Therefore, there is a need to overcome the prototype in order to avoid functional fixedness. Researchers have investigated whether functional fixedness is affected by culture. During a ceremony, McAleese praised Smith's "fixedness of purpose". When tested, 5-year-old children show no signs of functional fixedness. This seemed to be the case for functional fixedness categorization studies as well. For instance, research has discovered the presence of functional fixedness in many educational instances. Functional fixedness is very closely related to this as previously mentioned. Functional fixedness can be seen in other types of learning behaviors as well.