The philosophy he works with involves theorizing over the distinction between objectivity and subjectivity. History, subjectivity, interiority, and empathy all become possible. These practices include subjectivity, objectivity, and reflexivity. He insisted on pure experience in which there is no opposition between subjectivity and objectivity. Laura Mulvey added a theory of scopophilia and masculine and feminine subjectivity/objectivity. These interpretations have been marked by ambiguity and subjectivity. Culture is a living totality of the subjectivity of any given society constantly undergoing transformation. He also rejected the Cartesian notion of language as a mere manifestation of pure subjectivity. Hence, women are more vulnerable to violability and lack of subjectivity and autonomy. As such, one experiences oneself as objectively existing subjectivity. Other European philosophers have criticized Deleuze's theory of subjectivity. Mima's madness results from her own subjectivity and attacks on her identity. It would deprive the person of his or her own subjectivity and creativity. Cressida J. Heyes argues that a modern example of subjectivity is obesity. Conversely, Sartre held sadism to be the effort to annihilate the subjectivity of the victim.