He conducted key measurements which revealed the presence of a Jovian ionosphere and magnetosphere. The increasing terms fit the external sources (currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere). The Io torus fundamentally alters the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by solar wind. The CCD sensor was shielded from radiation, a particular problem within the harsh Jovian magnetosphere. Its orbit lies inside Uranus's magnetosphere. Surrounding Jupiter is a faint planetary ring system and a powerful magnetosphere. Saturn's magnetosphere, like Earth's, produces aurorae. The gas is ionized in the magnetosphere producing sulfur and oxygen ions. Titania's orbit lies completely inside the Uranian magnetosphere. The reconnection events are analogues to the magnetic substorms in the Earth's magnetosphere. Energetic particles in the magnetosphere contribute to the aurora borealis and aurora australis. Umbriel's orbit lies completely inside the Uranian magnetosphere. Acceleration also increases the electron current flowing between the atmosphere and magnetosphere. Ariel's orbit lies completely inside the Uranian magnetosphere.