The Berkeley team also reported some results on the chemical properties of einsteinium and fermium. Similar conclusion was drawn for other actinides americium, berkelium and fermium. The even shorter half-life element fermium has also been suggested. Experiments have been performed on injecting einsteinium citrate (as well as fermium compounds) to dogs. The elements beyond fermium cannot be produced in this way. However, nanogram quantities of fermium can be prepared for specific experiments. Choppin is sometimes credited with co-discovering the elements einsteinium and fermium. Fermium (Fm) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. After production, the fermium must be separated from other actinides and from lanthanide fission products. Fermium is a synthetic element with the symbol Fm and atomic number 100. Fermium is produced by the bombardment of lighter actinides with neutrons in a nuclear reactor.