Pediatric urology concerns urologic disorders in children. Shahrokh Shariat specializes in treating urologic malignancies. Surgeons who manage this condition are either reconstructive urologic surgeons or plastic surgeons. It has lately grown to include all minimally invasive urologic surgical procedures. Urologic disease can involve congenital or acquired dysfunction of the urinary system. Genitourinary pathologists generally work closely with urologic surgeons. Individuals with risk factors who undergo repeated testing have higher rates of urologic malignancies. As an example, urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease that can cause urinary retention. In June 1983, Ford underwent elective urologic surgery at Eisenhower Medical Center. Urinary incontinence can result from both urologic and non-urologic causes. The act also established the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Advisory Board. Arie S. Belldegrun (born 1949), FACS, is an Israeli-born American urologic oncologist, businessman and investor. He wrote the first textbook on robotic urologic surgery, now in a second edition. Only a fraction of individuals with microhematuria are diagnosed with a urologic cancer. During a urologic operation, the anaesthetist announced that the patient's heart had stopped.