They are created through the bombardment of elements in a particle accelerator. Radioactive nuclides are produced by bombarding a target with protons from a particle accelerator. TRIUMF is Canada's national particle accelerator centre. A betatron is a type of cyclic particle accelerator. Concerns about possible adverse consequences were raised in connection with the RHIC particle accelerator. TIFR also runs the Pelletron particle accelerator facility. RHIC is an intersecting storage ring particle accelerator. The PARR-Reactor consists of three research reactors with a single nuclear particle accelerator. A plasma valve is a layer of gas in the shell of a particle accelerator. Gold synthesis in a particle accelerator is possible in many ways. Certain kinds of particle accelerator experiments involve colliding positrons and electrons at relativistic speeds. The synchrotron evolved from the cyclotron, the first cyclic particle accelerator. Posner's events include meteor impacts, runaway global warming, grey goo, bioterrorism, and particle accelerator accidents. This polarization was confirmed experimentally in 1997 using the Japanese TRISTAN particle accelerator. This definition is useful for a linear particle accelerator when accelerating electrons.