Bacteria with increased hydrophobicity have reduced repulsion between the substratum and the bacterium. The substratum of Proto-Indo-European mythology is animistic. Most scholars consider that Etruscan is a pre-IE survival, part of a Mediterranean linguistic substratum. Other effects of the Oscan substratum are postulated, but substratum claims are highly controversial. Although Konkani shows influences of the Dravidian substratum it belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch. The radula is used to scrape microscopic algae off the substratum. Spores of many species have special appendages which facilitate attachment to the substratum. He believes this to be due to a linguistic substratum. Windfuhr identified Kurdish dialects as Parthian, albeit with a Median substratum. The surviving texts from this era often reflect evolution of the mythological substratum. He considers being to be the substratum of thought which enables thought and cognition. Maspero later attributed the putative substratum to Indo-Aryan. There is also an Aramaic substratum in Levantine Arabic. This motile stage then attempts to find a suitable substratum for settlement. Depending on the substratum and topography of the shore, additional features may be noticed.