She also ran Beyond Propaganda, a program examining 21st century propaganda and disinformation. Soviet efforts took many forms, ranging from propaganda, forgeries, and general disinformation to assassinations. Iran denied the accusation, blaming the United States for spreading disinformation and warmongering. Russian public relations strategies combined whataboutism with other Soviet tactics, including "disinformation" and "active measures". He said the cyberattacks would take the form of the intentional spread of disinformation. Colonel Kenji Doihara used the Mukden Incident to continue his campaign of disinformation. The U.S. refused to help as long as the disinformation campaign continued. Meanwhile, there has been concerns over anti-Belarusian disinformation in Russian media. As a form of strategic use of information (disinformation), it overlaps with psychological warfare. That evening Themistocles attempted what appears to have been a spectacularly successful use of disinformation. Research related to disinformation studies is increasing as an applied area of inquiry. It was another in a series of actions taken by Facebook against Russian disinformation. However, experts stated part of the push was due to disinformation and bots. The resolution requested EU analysts investigate, explaining member nations needed to be wary of disinformation. The rebels figured out the birds' purpose and defeated it by giving the birds disinformation.