Laminar flow elements measure the volumetric flow of gases directly. The design used laminar airfoil sections throughout. These fibers were created using a microfluidic device that forms a double coaxial laminar flow. Boundary layer flow over a wing surface begins as a smooth laminar flow. An improvement over 1-series airfoils with emphasis on maximizing laminar flow. Flows can be pulsating, oscillating, laminar or turbulent, stationary or transient. Boundary layers can be either laminar or turbulent. There are two different types of boundary layer flow&colon; laminar and turbulent. The glove is intended as a testbed for supersonic laminar flow. The Northrop X-21A was an experimental aircraft designed to test wings with laminar flow control. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. The anisotropy of fiber and laminar composite strength reflects these dimensionalities. The wing was of laminar flow section. A value between one and 10 is characteristic of slug flow or laminar flow. Vasodilators are often used with the goal of improving laminar blood flow.