After dogmatism produces opposing assertions, skepticism usually occurs. Al-Ma'arri was a skeptic in his beliefs who denounced superstition and dogmatism in religion. They variously attacked spiritual and scientific authority, dogmatism, intolerance, censorship, and economic and social restraints. In 1942 Mao launched the Yan'an Rectification Movement against dogmatism and empiricism. Wang became Mao's main target as representative of dogmatism and Zhou as representative of empiricism. In it he also examined and criticised faults such as intellectual dishonesty, dogmatism, and prejudice. Such hypotheses can be used to expose the pretensions of dogmatism. Earlier cultures came to be seen as based on superstition and dogmatism. It is necessary to take the next step after dogmatism and skepticism. Such dogmatism has often caused resentment. Dogmatism and impatience were the reasons for his failures. To ignore the complexity of reality is to commit the fallacy of dogmatism. Bernstein was also strongly opposed to dogmatism within the Marxist movement. Its lack of dogmatism and its Hippocratic reliance on clinical observation show Razi's medical methods. This is because Kant defines the term critique as the opposite of dogmatism.