Ancient Vedic religion was an complex animistic religion with polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. Hinduism, otherwise a highly polytheistic, pantheistic or monotheistic religion, also tolerated atheistic schools. Theology may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, shamanistic, pantheistic or any combination thereof, among others. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. Unlike Wiccans, Hellenists are usually strictly polytheistic or pantheistic. Some religions are both pantheistic and animistic. The Catholic Church ascribes indifferentism to many atheistic, materialistic, pantheistic, and agnostic philosophies. The Shinto understanding of kami has also been characterised as being both pantheistic, and animistic. Pliny makes a pantheistic identification of God as being immanent in nature. Other religions spanning pantheistic to nontheistic tend to be less absolute. Einstein stated that he had sympathy for the impersonal pantheistic God of Baruch Spinoza's philosophy. In Yakutiya and Chukotka, pantheistic and nature-based religions are practiced independently or alongside other religions. The Catholic Church has long regarded pantheistic ideas as heresy. Albert Einstein stated that he believed in the pantheistic God of Baruch Spinoza. The knowledge imparted by mystical experience is, on the whole, "optimistic" and "pantheistic".