Individuals with cerebral shunts are at risk of developing shunt nephritis, which frequently produces MGN. Hydrocephalus is typically treated by the surgical placement of a shunt system. Increased intracranial pressure may be controlled with corticosteroids or a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Chiari malformation, necessitating a VP shunt placement. Amplified instruments simplify the design of the series and shunt resistor networks. He had surgery to have a ventricular shunt placed. Implantation of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt or repeat ETV. Alwall also was arguably the inventor of the arteriovenous shunt for dialysis. Without this hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, shunt and its hypoxic effects would worsen. This increases systemic vascular resistance and allows for a temporary reversal of the shunt. He reported this first in 1948 where he used such an arteriovenous shunt in rabbits. A common procedure performed in neurosurgery is the placement of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VP shunt). A stent should be differentiated from a shunt. Treatment occasionally requires surgery, such as to place a cerebral shunt. There are a number of complications associated with shunt placement.