Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. For brinkmanship to be effective, the sides continuously escalate their threats and actions. MacKay chided Pyongyang for its use of brinkmanship in dealing with the international community. Dulles was one of the pioneers of massive retaliation and brinkmanship. Likewise, in both games brinkmanship may result in a global war. It is a type of extortion, related to brinkmanship. This enraged Spain and other states, leading to brinkmanship. However, both Bond and Batman play brinkmanship with each other.