It transports both monovalent and divalent cations. Such an approach was used in isolation of monovalent streptavidin. Loss of a single proton results in the monovalent hydrogenoxalate anion . As cyclohexene is monovalent, poly(cyclohexene oxide) is a thermoplastic. Species with a single charge are univalent (monovalent). For molecules with multiple stable monovalent cations, multiple Rydberg series may exist. Typical recipes involve combining aluminium sulfate and the sulfate monovalent cation. The divalent ligands are more strongly complexing than the monovalent ones. This charge screening is often fulfilled by monovalent ions. In some cases, solid solutions of alums with different monovalent and trivalent cations may occur. DigiFab is a sterile, lyophilized preparation of digoxin-immune ovine Fab (monovalent) immunoglobulin fragments. Aluminium-based alums are named by the monovalent cation. Boomslang monovalent antivenom was developed during the 1940s. Detection with monovalent streptavidin can avoid clustering or aggregation of the biotinylated target. A ten fold increase of monovalent cation concentration increases the temperature by 16.6 C.