Extrajudicial executions and killings are not included. Arrests, torture, and executions were common. The government responded with thousands of arrests and hundreds of executions. Those not gassed died of starvation, exhaustion, disease, individual executions, or beatings. There are few records of beheading or throwing executions. Twenty-two individuals were executed by firing squad in public executions in April 1997. There were demonstrations against these summary executions and this display of arbitrary senatorial power. There were several public executions of criminals. There were forced convictions and wrongful executions. There have also been reports of lotteries regarding the mass guillotine executions in France. Investigations in the aftermath of the executions continued throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Public criticism of the botched executions ran rampant. Some of the mass executions were mechanical according to Nazi methodology. One of the most publicized of such executions was that of Nick Berg. An Iranian MP talks about more executions and more flogging.