George Combe founder of the Edinburgh Phrenological Society. Hawkins also served as president of the Anthropological Society of London, a phrenological group. His skull was later removed from the grave for phrenological examination. The correspondence was published in the fourth and fifth volumes of the "Phrenological Journal". Watson was unusual amongst phrenologists in explicitly disavowing phrenological ideas in later life. They also founded the Edinburgh Phrenological Society in 1820. Heidenreich may have been influenced by his phrenological ideas when examining Hauser's brain. In 1850, he asked Combe to provide a phrenological reading of his son. Phrenological thinking was influential in the psychiatry and psychology of the 19th century. Orson edited and published the "American Phrenological Journal", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1838 to 1842. Phrenological analysis of the skull and two sketches of it appear in Fowler's book. His early lectures at the Manchester Royal Institution utilised phrenological casts created by William Bally. With his brother Lorenzo Niles Fowler, he opened a phrenological office in New York City.