Other complications include hypertensive retinopathy and hypertensive nephropathy. Most patients with hypertensive retinopathy have no symptoms. He suffered from both hypertensive heart and coronary artery disease. It is much less common than essential hypertension, affecting only 5% of hypertensive patients. Propranolol has also been evaluated in patients with chronic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive gastropathy. The official cause of death was atherosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease. It has been recognized that the incidence of hypertensive nephropathy varies with ethnicity. The incidence of hypertensive nephropathy varies around the world. Sodium nitroprusside is intravenously infused in cases of acute hypertensive crises. Venlafaxine should be used with caution in hypertensive patients. He was soon pronounced dead and was revealed to be caused by hypertensive/atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These stages of hypertensive retinopathy however, may not be sequential. The impairment of cerebral blood flow that underlies hypertensive encephalopathy is still controversial. Monitor for sign of kidney failure, heart failure, and hypertensive encephalopathy. In both hypertensive and normotensive cases, digoxin and antiarrhythmics are also indicated.