Wastewater reclamation provides multiple benefits over desalination. Reverse osmosis plant membrane systems typically use less energy than thermal desalination processes. Perth began operating a reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant in 2006. Most water demand is currently satisfied through seawater desalination plants. Drinking water is provided by a combination of rainwater harvesting and seawater desalination. Seawater desalination requires more energy than the desalination of fresh water. The company has also diversified into petrochemistry and the desalination of seawater. Lockheed claims the filter reduces energy costs of reverse osmosis desalination by 99%. Brines generated by seawater desalination plants can have salinities up to 120 g/kg. Sea-water reverse-osmosis (SWRO) desalination, a membrane process, has been commercially used since the early 1970s. These are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or desalination systems. Electricity is inter alia needed for the desalination of drinking water. Ships may use marine dumping and coastal desalination plants typically use marine outfalls. Water from the desalination facility is pumped up to the tower. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling.