Civil authorities burned persons judged to be heretics under the medieval Inquisition. Water cure was among the forms of torture used by the Spanish Inquisition. They pressured Jews to convert to Catholicism, in some cases persecuted by the Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition had jurisdiction only over Christians. They received privileges at Venice, where they were protected from the persecutions of the Inquisition. He was a descendant of Protestant refugees escaping the inquisition. He descends from Portuguese Jews expelled from Portugal by the Portuguese Inquisition. Galileo was called for a trial before the Inquisition. This came about with the Medieval Inquisition in 1184. It is linked to the movement now known as the Medieval Inquisition. Her reign also established the Spanish Inquisition. The penalties in serious cases were confiscation of property by the Inquisition or imprisonment. During the eighteenth century, the number of "conversos" accused by the Inquisition decreased significantly. Hence, he believes that Xavier was aware of the brutality of the Inquisition. Orbach stated that his father was descended from Sephardic refugees from the Spanish Inquisition.