A deceit or falsehood is never wise. It pitted truth and bravery against ignorance, falsehood and evil. Antonyms&colon; "falsity, falseness, falsehood". The fundamental cause of falsehood, error and evil is Ignorance. Truth alone triumphs; not falsehood. A hoax is a falsehood deliberately fabricated to masquerade as the truth. Falsehood, flattery, perjury and false swearing are also forbidden. The difficulty lay in discerning truth from falsehood, credible claims from impossible one. So just what is "truth" and "falsehood"? It may have been a truth once and a falsehood today. Arendt distinguishes defactualization from deliberate falsehood and from lying. "Type 1 Error&colon; believing a falsehood" and "Type 2 Error&colon; rejecting a truth". This was the "three-prong method" Mozi recommended for testing the truth or falsehood of statements. He thought that rational discourse comprised "falsehood and illusion". This was mainly expressed in opposition between truth (arta) and falsehood (drug, drauga).