IR is the recombination between short homologous sequences or nonhomologous sequences. The transition site from homologous to nonhomologous sequences can be localized within Alu repeat sequences. In 1933, she established that cells can be damaged when nonhomologous recombination occurs. There are many known nonhomologous types of AFPs. The "k"-systole of "M", formula 42, is the minimal volume of "k"-cycle nonhomologous to zero. Nonreciprocal translocation involves the one-way transfer of genes from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome.