Rome was essentially a landowning military aristocracy. Historically, hereditary peerages were awarded to members of the landowning aristocracy and royal favourites. The serfs were freed in 1861, but the landowning aristocratic class kept control. Actual power, however, was usurped by the landowning gentry. Wolof society is patrilineal, and agriculture land is inherited by the landowning caste. Thus, the hinterland was owned by landowning elites. Some modern writers claim military service was restricted to the landowning minor nobility. Most of the smaller landowning nobility lived on their properties and managed their own estates. He also suggested the establishment of a colonial peerage drawn from the landowning class. In 1857 and 1858 the Maronites revolted against the large landowning families. Given that the old landowning was predominantly Bosniak, the land reforms were resisted. Many nations lack a system of freehold landowning. Most officers, particularly those from Prussian landowning backgrounds, were strongly anti-Polish. Yadavs of Rewari and remaining Ahirwal are mainly landowning farmers. He is a director of Auchendrane Estates Ltd, a landowning company in Scotland.