The cerebellum of cartilaginous and bony fishes is large and complex. Modern fish are either cartilaginous or bony. The cerebellum of cartilaginous and bony fishes is extraordinarily large and complex. It consists of a bony part and a cartilaginous part. Chondrocytes are found in cartilage and produce the cartilaginous matrix. The placoderm claspers are not homologous with the claspers in cartilaginous fishes. Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fishes commonly known as rays. The Mesozoic labyrinthodonts were primarily aquatic with increasingly cartilaginous skeleton. The angle is in the form of a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis). Skates belong to the ancient lineage of cartilaginous fishes. Octopuses have centralized brains located inside a cartilaginous capsule surrounding the oesophagus. This is the adult skeleton in cartilaginous fishes such as sharks. Saw sharks and sawfish are cartilaginous fish possessing large saws. Batoids belong to the ancient lineage of cartilaginous fishes. The brain is protected in a cartilaginous cranium.