The Bad Mother (e.g. "Mommie Dearest") is symbolized by evil stepmothers and wicked witches. In special cases, grandmothers and stepmothers of a reigning sultan assumed the title "Valide Sultan". In fiction, stepmothers are often portrayed as being wicked and evil. Despite many examples of evil or cruel stepmothers, loving stepmothers also exist in fiction. Davis resented both of his stepmothers. Her mother had died young, and Martha lived with two stepmothers as a girl. Hippolytus adds that stepmothers "are no whit more merciful than beasts". His mother Zaynab also became a Muslim, but his two stepmothers did not. Her mother left when Amino was six, after which she had three stepmothers. Anne Marie had grown up with two stepmothers, in relatively luxurious surroundings. Stepmothers and adoptive mothers are also now eligible for membership. The case was featured on the television programs "Dateline", "Evil Stepmothers", "Deadly Wives", and "Snapped". Stepmothers also make many appearances in Chinese tales of family.