The Dutch had a manorial system centred on the local lord's demesne. Therefore, both Strongbow and Hugh de Lacy exercised lordships within the royal demesne of Dublin. It stands on the townlands of Clogher Demesne and Clogher Tenements. Ducal authority was the strongest on the frontier near the Capetian royal demesne. Nobles hold titles giving them an income from their demesne and their vassals. The Demesne, or castle lands, of Clifden Castle was around . Thereafter, the duchy formed an integral part of the French royal demesne. There were always 2 ploughs belonging to the demesne. New sheriffdoms enabled the King to effectively administer royal demesne land. He captured the oligarchs' castles, which again secured the preponderance of the royal demesne. Although within the royal demesne, Normandy retained some specificity. Within the royal demesne, Normandy retained certain distinctive features. The former Demesne and Castle are now owned by several families. It provides that land held in demesne by the Crown may be registered. Hence, it retained a strong tradition of demesne farming well into the 14th century.