Poor and other vulnerable population groups have been affected disproportionally. Felony disenfranchisement policies in the United States impact people of color disproportionally . Poverty disproportionally affects racial groups in South Africa. There has also been concern that ethnic minority families are disproportionally targeted. Annual contributions are capped to ensure that high earners cannot enjoy the tax benefit disproportionally. Funding secondary school was also disproportionally offered to Europeans rather than Africans. Clubfoot disproportionally affects those in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Not surprisingly then, these restrictions disproportionally affect the homeless. BLS statistics indicate foreign-born workers have filled jobs disproportionally to their share in the population. The females can also be distinguished from males as their bills are disproportionally smaller. Additionally there may be factors that affect ion transmission disproportionally between ionization and detection. These laws cause disproportionally high costs for small companies and reduce economic growth and employment. Men are disproportionally the offenders, and women disproportionally the victims. The study also found that they disproportionally represented upper-class, highly educated white males. Asians are disproportionally represented in highly paid jobs such as education, medical and tech fields.