Later currencies adopted a standard relationship of 240 Pfennig = 60 Kreuzer = 1 Gulden. The Gulden was divided into 60 Kreuzer, each of 4 Pfennig or 8 Heller. Thus one (golden) Gulden was worth 60 Kreuzer, or 252 Pfennig. The Kreuzer in turn was worth about 4.2 Pfennig, or pennies. It was subdivided into 2 "Gulden", each of 60 "Kreuzer" or 240 "Pfennig". The last pfennig coins containing traces of silver are rarities minted in 1805. In 1947 Rhineland-Palatinate issued 5 and 10 Pfennig notes with "Geldschein" on them. "der Pfennig" as loanwords "marka" and "pfenig". Denominations ranged from 10 pfennig to 20 mark. Rudolf also managed to establish a relatively stable currency, the so-called "Wiener Pfennig" (Vienna Penny). He improved the economy and established a stable currency, the Vienna Penny ("Wiener Pfennig"). Around this same time, he minted a pfennig in memory of his deceased wife. It was divided into 100 Pfennig (Pf). In Germany, 8-year-old Werner Pfennig is an orphan in the coal-mining town of Zollverein. Large amounts were exchanged for RM 10 to 65 Pfennig.