MA-9 was the last flight of the Mercury pressure suit. It was designed by NASA based on the X-15 high-altitude pressure suit. He played an important role in developing the pressure suit worn by early American astronauts. Siebold was not wearing a pressure suit. No Mercury pressure suit ever failed during launch. It was also the basis for NASA's Advance Crew Escape System (ACES) pressure suit. Swelling and ebullism can be reduced by containment in a pressure suit. In response, Mongul cracks the face plate of Kered's pressure suit, killing him. Gleb Kotelnikov invented the knapsack parachute, while Evgeniy Chertovsky introduced the pressure suit. Following the US and Soviet/Russian tradition, he had a mission patch on his pressure suit. In these conditions humans die within minutes unless a pressure suit provides life support. It proved to be the primary pressure suit worn by NASA astronauts for Project Apollo. The suit is a High-Altitude Windak Pressure Suit used by the RAF in the 1960s. Watney pierces his pressure suit, using the escaping air to successfully propel himself to Lewis. Hence, at this altitude, human survival requires a pressure suit, or a pressurized capsule.