The whale meat contains nutritions like carnitine, taurine and selenium. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts. Mammalian taurine synthesis occurs in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway. NOS contains high levels of taurine and caffeine, and it also contains guarana. It contains water, cane sugar, caffeine, taurine, inositol and B-vitamins. It is derived from the endogenous amino acid taurine. These, in turn, are conjugated with glycine, taurine, glucuronic acid, or sulfate. Calcium dependent efflux of the osmolyte Taurine. Krating Daeng also contains taurine, glucose and B vitamins. Shellfish are also a rich source of the amino acid taurine. Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine. There are dietary supplements that provide sulfur, such as taurine and methylsulfonylmethane. The octopus produces venom containing tetrodotoxin, histamine, tryptamine, octopamine, taurine, acetylcholine and dopamine. Decreased plasma taurine concentration has been demonstrated to be associated with feline dilated cardiomyopathy. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine.