In European waters, it is encountered less frequently than other electric ray species. Japanese electric ray and Japanese spotted torpedo. Redi discovered a highly specialized muscle of the electric ray fish (Electric Eel) generated electricity. This and other electric ray species are used as model organisms in biomedical research. These early accounts, including Linnaeus's, confounded the common torpedo with other electric ray species. The electric ray may be the most electrosensitive of all animals. Two distinct types of prey capture behavior have been observed in the marbled electric ray. The Atlantic torpedo ("Tetronarce nobiliana") is a species of electric ray in the family Torpedinidae. The marbled electric ray is an ambush predator that employs electricity to capture prey. The Pacific electric ray has a soft, flabby body devoid of dermal denticles. Up to long and weighing , the Atlantic torpedo is the largest known electric ray.