Loads cause stresses, deformations, and displacements in structures. In particular, the Gaussian curvature is invariant under isometric deformations of the surface. Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to structure components. Linear deformations of elastic materials can be approximated as adiabatic. Ductile materials can sustain large plastic deformations without fracture. There are fissures, plains, corrugated terrain and other crustal deformations. We now consider carrier scattering with lattice deformations termed phonons. A property that is invariant under such deformations is a topological property. For the large deformations we should include some geometrical non-linearity. However, these deformations and vibrations cannot occur instantaneously. Affine deformations are also called homogeneous deformations. Deflection, jack's strokes, leveling of supports, deformations and stresses of main elements were analysed. In a solid, there is a non-zero stiffness both for volumetric deformations and shear deformations. The deformations that are considered in topology are homeomorphisms and homotopies. Reaching the surface means the material undergoes plastic deformations.