The external anal and urethral sphincters close the anus and the urethra. Spasms of the internal urethral sphincter are associated with penile erection. Urinary causes occur anywhere between the kidney glomerulus and the urethral meatus. Posterior urethral valves; urethral or meatal stenosis. Voiding urine begins with voluntary relaxation of the external urethral sphincter. These include vesicoureteral reflux, urethral stricture, and stenosis. Urine exits through the external urethral meatus. Hence a retrograde urethrogram is essential for diagnosis of urethral injury, or urethral stricture. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture). These PCR-based tests require a sample of urine, urethral swabs, or cervical/vaginal swabs. Other possible complications include buried penis, chordee, phimosis, skin bridges, urethral fistulas, and meatal stenosis. The vaginal and urethral openings are protected by the labia. Semen is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethral glands. The prostate gland originates with tissues in the urethral wall. Localization of urethral meatus was described in detail.