The khans of the Khoshut Khanate were indirect descendants. Most of the population of the Astrakhan khanate were Astrakhan Tatars and Nogays. The Qing Empire had two vassals in Xinjiang, the Kumul Khanate and the Turfan Khanate. Kublai sent Abishqa as new khan to the Chagatai Khanate. In 1552, the Russians conquered the Kazan Khanate and its territories. It remained part of the Chagatai Khanate (one of four Mongol successor realms) until 1370. In the west, Mahmud Khan ruled from Tashkent over the Yarkent Khanate. In the 10th century, Khotan began a struggle with the Kara-Khanid Khanate, a Turkic state. He led numerous campaigns against the Kokand Khanate and the Kyrgyz. These eventually came under the rule of the emergent Kazakh Khanate (Kazakhstan). Vasili was equally successful against the Crimean Khanate. The beginning of the 18th century marked the zenith of the Kazakh Khanate. The Kokand Khanate raided Kashgar several times. The semi-autonomous Persian-ruled Baku Khanate was one of these. These included Moldavia and the Crimean Khanate.