He advocated for an isolationist and protectionist American foreign policy. The party takes mercantilist positions in supporting protectionist policies on international trade. Liberals historically supported labor unions and protectionist trade policies. He also has said that nations adopting protectionist tariffs and policies eventually crumble. They were primary opponents of collectivist, interventionist and protectionist ideas. His political positions have been described as populist, protectionist, and nationalist. It calls for protectionist trade policies. Harrison defended the protectionist McKinley Tariff passed during his term. The campaign centered mainly on economic issues, especially the protectionist 1890 McKinley Tariff. A main issue was the Conservatives' wish to introduce protectionist trade policies. The relationship was additionally strained due to Germany's protectionist trade policies. The Panic of 1857 led to calls for protectionist tariff revision. However, Bush resorted to protectionist policies on occasion. Russia is one of the leading nations for protectionist policies. Most South American countries are making increasing use of protectionist policies, helping local development.