Obesity prevention programs have been found to reduce the cost of treating obesity-related disease. Liraglutide is a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes or obesity. This results in undernutrition and an increase in obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. It is also seen in cases of abdominal obesity or pulmonary disease. Vitamin D deficiency is related to diseases associated with obesity. These include smoking, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome obesity, and lack of regular exercise. Preventive measures include altering risk factors such as obesity, inactivity, and smoking. Bariatric surgery may be indicated in cases of severe obesity. Some of the consequences in childhood and adolescent obesity are psychosocial. Adults with achondroplasia often face issues with obesity and sleep apnea. Substance use has been found to be more stigmatized than smoking, obesity, and mental illness. There is no association with obesity or insulin resistance. Nurse's health has been the subject of much discussion in reference to obesity and smoking. The effects of eating habits on childhood obesity are difficult to determine. Poverty was one of the factors listed as contributing to the high obesity rates.