Methodological individualism is often contrasted with methodological holism and methodological pluralism. A contrast to reductionism is holism or emergentism. Another common criticism of functionalism is that it implies a radical form of semantic holism. This is known as holism or monism. The question then arises of the possibility of reconciling externalism with holism. Scientific holism differs from mysticism that has appropriated the same term. This publication launched a debate between ecological holism and individualism that lasted until the 1970s. The Clementsian superorganism theory was an overextended application of an idealistic form of holism. Some economists use a causal holism theory in their work. The new age movement reflected many of its main characteristics, especially holism and eclecticism. The resulting view is called "semantic holism". Some have questioned this radical or total form of confirmational holism. This argument has been labeled by some authors as "anthropological holism". Ideas like this are a part of the philosophical perspective known as "confirmation holism". Still more independence is present in relational holism.