Passive negative differential resistances have positive "static" resistance; they consume net power. This circuit is used to determine an unknown resistance from three known resistances. Switching between different resistances forms adjustable stepped attenuators and continuously adjustable ones using potentiometers. Shields decide both the amount of block points and elemental resistances. Both characters and monsters have elemental and weapon-based resistances and weaknesses. The wild species possess many diverse traits including disease resistances and abiotic stress tolerances. However, the thermal conductivity does not take into account the interface resistances. Resistances and weaknesses are abilities that are active throughout combat. This enables 4-wire measurement of circuits with very low resistances. The resistances of shunts is in the integer to fractional milliohm range. The increased current generates increased losses in motor resistances. Biofilms in the rhizosphere often result in pathogen or plant induced systemic resistances. Reduction Factors are applied to determine the various factored resistances of the section. The psychic contents include affects, perceptions, impulses, resistances, fantasies, delusions, conflicts. R and R are the respective resistances of membrane and growing deposit of the foulants.