The prestige the German language made it acquire qualities of a superstratum in southern Chile. The Longshan tribes formed a superstratum over Yangshao culture. The superstratum and substratum languages of the creole are Japanese and Atayal, respectively. A superstratum (plural&colon; superstrata) or superstrate offers the counterpart to a substratum. Asturian's superstratum consists primarily of Germanisms and Arabisms. Both substratum and superstratum languages influence each other, but in different ways. High soil-water content in terrae fuscae on glacial superstratum leads to beech-fir forests. Each composition of "Superstratum" represents a layer of the earth and its atmosphere. In this case, however, the superstratum refers to influence, not language succession.