The arts of vexillology and heraldry are closely related. Japanese mon are sometimes used as charges or crests in Western heraldry. Emblems in heraldry are known as charges. The dog rose was the stylised rose of medieval European heraldry. Typical of Napoleonic heraldry are the crossed sceptres. Chalices are sometimes used in heraldry, especially ecclesiastical heraldry. Mackenzie is regard as legal authority in matters of Scottish heraldry. One of the most striking characteristics of German-Nordic heraldry is the treatment of the crest. Stylized glories appear occasionally in Western heraldry. This doctrine influenced medieval medicine, pharmacy, alchemy and also heraldry. The combination is found comparatively rarely in late medieval and early modern heraldry. It is found in art, architecture, heraldry and traditional Christian symbolism. Chevrons appeared early in the history of heraldry, especially in Normandy. Peacocks are frequently used in European heraldry.