The critic Vivian de Sola Pinto linked Rochester's libertinism to Hobbesian materialism. Tantra has been labelled as the "yoga of ecstasy", driven by senseless ritualistic libertinism. Here Rowe seems to be conducting a campaign against the libertinism found in amatory fiction. In both places Epiphanius represents the doctrine as giving rise to sexual libertinism. He grew up in an atmosphere of moral libertinism. The "Iskra" group soon got the reputation of being a haven for sexual libertinism. It follows similar themes to Zofloya around the impact of female desire and libertinism. Due to his libertinism, al-Mahdi ordered him not to write further love poetry. Libertinism is described as an extreme form of hedonism.