Tactics have included hostage taking, plane hijackings, stone throwing, stabbing, shootings, and bombings. This was a reprisal for terrorist hijackings between June and December 1985. Nine incidents and 12 hijackings have resulted in a total of 575 occupant fatalities. Seven fatal crashes, including three hijackings, have resulted in a total of 854 occupant fatalities. It includes all fatal accidents, all write-offs, all hijackings, and other major incidents. At first Persico did bookmaking and loan-sharking, then moved into burglaries and hijackings. The aircraft were involved in 17 accidents and five hijackings. In 2008, there were 111 attacks which included 42 successful hijackings. The DC-8 has also been involved in 46 hijackings with 2 fatalities. The 158th FW has also assisted with aircraft experiencing in-flight malfunctions and hijackings. One of the first unconfirmed hijackings occurred in December 1929. In most of the hijackings, the pirates have not harmed their prisoners. The following is a list of notable aircraft hijackings. Prior to the crash, Leul had experienced two previous hijackings. He also begins investigating Tran, convinced that he is the mastermind behind the truck hijackings.