Arabic plurals are usually borrowed with the singulars. Some words have unusually formed singulars and plurals, but develop "normal" singular-plural pairs by back-formation. Some neuter nouns have nominative, accusative, and vocative singulars in , and stems in . On the left hand side of the table, plurals are longer than singulars. There are several masculine proper names with nominative singulars in and stems in . This effectively forms a nominative-oblique case dynamic confined to the weak singulars. There are a few feminines with nominative singulars in and stems in . Bare singulars are a form of count noun. Reformers have used "ge-" to create explicitly sex-neutral singulars such as "gepatro", "a parent". The non-standard historical forms "Chinee" and "Portuguee" are also false singulars, from "Chinese" and "Portuguese".