She has trained dermatologists, ophthalmologists, urologists, gynaecologists and orthopaedic surgeons. Urologists and gynecologists frequently now reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations to restore fertility. In the UK, urologists can specialize in female urology and treat prolapse. Nephrologists are internists, and urologists are surgeons, whereas both are often called "kidney doctors". In North America, most pediatric urologists are associated with children's hospitals. Urologists often place a Foley catheter to prevent the patient from having urinary retention. In general, nephrologists are the experts of glomerular hematuria while urologists manage non-glomerular hematuria. The procedure is typically performed by urologists. Some urologists call this condition "epididymal hypertension". AUA works with many international organizations, representing urologists from across the world. Urodynamics is typically conducted by urologists or urogynecologists. The Board is responsible for setting standards for the training of urologists in Europe.