Burial allows the pupa to more reliably avoid desiccation or predation. Shells offer protection against predators, high salinity and desiccation. They are resistant to ultraviolet radiation, desiccation, high temperature, extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants. Its distribution is also limited by salinity, wave exposure, temperature, desiccation, and general stress. It also works of foliar contact causing rapid desiccation. There are indications that deforestation and forest fragmentation are accelerating this gradual desiccation. Many Firmicutes produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccation and can survive extreme conditions. It is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, desiccation, and oxidizing and electrophilic agents. Crystallization, desiccation, lyophilization and spray drying are typical unit operations. This led to the nearly complete desiccation of the Mediterranean Basin, the Messinian salinity crisis. NHEJ may have evolved to help these organisms survive DSBs induced during desiccation. The spores are resistant to heat, cold, radiation, desiccation, and disinfectants. This serosa secretes a cuticle rich in chitin that protects the embryo against desiccation. Glyphosate is also used for crop desiccation (siccation) to increase harvest yield and uniformity. They are structures that help protect bacteria from phagocytosis and desiccation.