The underlying method used for some calculation or manipulation is known as an algorithm. It is more than a guess but less than an accurate calculation or mathematical proof. It allowed a decision to be made without the calculation of a probability. The derivation is a simple variational calculation using Lagrange multipliers. The IASB has refrained from giving quantitative guidance for the mathematical calculation of materiality. A paper by Steven Laux presents a review of numerical techniques for capacitance calculation. These act as multipliers or modifiers in the composite metric calculation. The technique required only a simple calculation. It is also common to include an adjustment for accuracy in the calculation. This force is significant to the calculation of efficiency. Fermat is credited with carrying out the first-ever rigorous probability calculation. Early nuclear physicists used to refer to computing this value as a "packing fraction" calculation. The slope of the fitted line from the linear least-squares calculation is the estimated Beta. The accurate and timely calculation of NAV by the administrator is vital. Advertisers and publishers use a wide range of payment calculation methods.