Thus, it allows a multicast routing topology different from the unicast routing topology. Principal bundles have important applications in topology and differential geometry. Chain complexes arise in abundance in algebra and algebraic topology. This characterization is one of the motivations for the noncommutative topology and noncommutative geometry programs. One or more routing protocols suitable to the actual network physical topology are required. He has made contributions to Riemannian geometry and geometric topology. It has the same topology but different geometry. There are related mathematical results in symplectic topology and ergodic theory. It has many applications, especially in geometry, topology and physics. This results in a dense network topology. We list some further properties of the subspace topology. Infinitely long sentences arise in areas of mathematics including topology and model theory. The curvature of the universe places constraints on the topology. Cantor developed important concepts in topology and their relation to cardinality. SAN switches are for redundancy purposes set up in a meshed topology.