Oscillations in the Sun are driven stochastically by convection in its outer layers. NORM utilizes object surface scanning by stochastically moving nanoparticles. Young develops powerful graph-theoretic tools for identifying the stochastically stable states. The only stochastically stable equilibrium is , the global maximum of the potential function. The Rademacher system is stochastically independent, and is closely related to the Walsh system. It was shown that each mTEC expresses stochastically 1-3% of TRA pool. That is, the error of estimation of formula 66 is (stochastically) of order formula 171.