Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but "not" metonymy. Exemplification theory examines the role of base-rates and exemplars in communication messages. To complicate things, what is the nature of the instantiation or exemplification relation? "Denotation" and "exemplification" are both types of reference. Narcissism is an exemplification of extreme candid self-enhancement. Piglet's exemplification of the Taoist concept of "virtue of the small". Exemplification theory is a simple combination of these heuristics. Teachings in the Order are conducted through the exemplification of the Degrees of membership. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that exemplification effects are prone to other perceptual phenomena. The Congress labeled Liu Shaoqi as the "exemplification of the bourgeoisie". The certificate page with the triple authentication is called the exemplification. The Earl of Salisbury subsequently had an exemplification copy of the Loveday agreement made. Only one exemplification of the 1216 charter survives, held in Durham Cathedral. The final document is issued on vellum and includes a hand-painted exemplification of the arms. The first concrete exemplification of this is found in Aristobulus ( BC).