In capitalism, these are capitalist (bourgeoisie) and proletariat. These classes were the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. There also developed a growing urban proletariat and an increasingly influential Latvian bourgeoisie. They were neither aristocrats nor bored bourgeoisie. The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. These men were mostly of the bourgeoisie or lesser nobility. The Gironde was the expression of the lesser nobility, landowners and the bourgeoisie. Marx also described two other classes, the petite bourgeoisie and the lumpenproletariat. French was originally the single official language adopted by the nobility and the bourgeoisie. The nobility, followed by the bourgeoisie, adopted French. Royalty, nobles, diplomats, business people, and the bourgeoisie in general patronized it. It reflected the ideals and values of the emerging urban bourgeoisie. I recession turned the King against what he perceived as an inefficient political bourgeoisie. Marx and Engels described Malthus as a "lackey of the bourgeoisie". Despite this outward appearance of simplicity, his support came from the wealthy "bourgeoisie".