The bond coat adheres the thermal barrier coating to the superalloy substrate. Homogeneous catalysts dissolve in the solvent that contains the unsaturated substrate. Enzyme rates depend on solution conditions and substrate concentration. GSK-3 functions by phosphorylating a serine or threonine residue on its target substrate. Advanced PCBs may contain components embedded in the substrate. Cells adhere to a substrate through their integrins. Scratches exposing the metal substrate will result in corrosion. Other enzymes using glutathione as a substrate are glutaredoxins. When the enzyme is releases it mixes with its substrate. The hypodermic needle significantly reduces contamination during inoculation of a sterile substrate. A non-competitive inhibitor binds to a site other than where the substrate binds. The fertilized eggs become sticky and adhere to the bottom substrate upon contact. The process often risks damaging the substrate (fiber). These are coordination complexes that activate both the unsaturated substrate and the H. This phosphorylation usually results in a change in activity of the substrate.