Deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients has contributed significantly to this trend. Before the 1960s deinstitutionalization there were earlier efforts to free psychiatric patients. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act called for a "deinstitutionalization" of juvenile delinquents. There was an increase in prescriptions of psychiatric medication in the years following deinstitutionalization. The 1970s and 1980s saw a redirection in mental health towards deinstitutionalization. Both acts furthered the process of deinstitutionalization. The increase in homelessness was seen as related to deinstitutionalization. Long-term hospitalization is uncommon since deinstitutionalization beginning in the 1950s, although it still occurs. The deinstitutionalization of persons with disabilities was among their primary causes. The modern results of deinstitutionalization show the dissonance between policy expectations and the actualized reality. Long-term inpatient stays are now less common due to deinstitutionalization, although these can still occur. In 1955, following a major period of deinstitutionalization, the Mental Health Study Act was passed. Normalization was described early as alternative special education by leaders of the deinstitutionalization movement. The movement of deinstitutionalization was facing great challenges. This was due to new medicines being developed and finally deinstitutionalization.