A similar phenomenon applies to the apocope of t after . The dialect of Salten is well known for its large use of apocope. Other types of elision include the processes of apheresis, syncope, apocope, synizesis, and synaloepha. Another typical feature of Upper German is the apocope of schwa and (e.g. Lichtenst. There are three ways to mark the vocative case, and all three suppress apocope. The genitive case historically was derived from the accusative case through the process of apocope. The final step of lenition is then complete apocope. Aguaruna also experiences three types of vowel elision&colon; apocope, syncope, and diphthong reduction. In these cases, words have undergone a seemingly systematic elision of final letters, or apocope. In some varieties, factors such as apocope of word-final vowels may cause exceptional final stress. Back-vowel apocope also has lexically-governed exceptions. The only productive vocative form involves suppression of apocope and the accent shift to accent-final. That happens even if there is apocope of final vowels, with non-final obstruents becoming final. Apocope takes precedence; the nucleus of the final light syllable (CV) is deleted. Apocope is the loss of a sound at the end of a word.