One of the biofilm forming pathways in GAS is the Rgg2/3 pathway. Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways. Sphingomyelin breakdown is responsible for initiating many universal signaling pathways. Each enzyme of these metabolic pathways presents structural similarity. The mechanisms of the complex pathways of metabolic syndrome are under investigation. This disorder causes loss of function of the motor and sensory neural pathways. This reflects their different metabolic pathways. NAD is synthesized through two metabolic pathways. Enzymes determine what steps occur in these pathways. There are many different biosynthesis pathways for ascorbic acid in plants. Pyruvate is a key intersection in the network of metabolic pathways. The smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways. Apoptosis can be initiated through one of two pathways. Insulin stimulates lipogenesis primarily by activating two enzymatic pathways. This fact forms the basis for some apoptotic pathways.