Some prey animals are able to eject noxious materials to deter predators actively. Other species of moths are able to make clicks to deter predators. Common claims are that basil may deter pests or improve tomato flavor. Like other squid, they contain dark ink used to deter predators. These are extremely bright lights used to deter crime. Cohen believes that this might deter adversaries. Some were concerned that making people pay for higher education may deter applicants. These setbacks did not deter the Portuguese from pursuing their exploratory efforts. With regard to taxing to deter agents from buying dangerous products, he makes a distinction. Notaries public fulfill their duties to deter fraud and ensure proper execution. This legislation imposed fines that did little to deter slave trade participants. Poisonous plants are plants that produce toxins that deter herbivores from consuming them. Malkina's failed effort to steal the drugs does not deter her. He believed the facility was a "circus" that did not effectively deter crime. Private companies also started training programs to deter sexual harassment.