The "Arbutus menziesii" (Pacific madrone) is a large broadleaf evergreen species. The understory contains plants such as Pacific yew, Pacific madrone, chinquapin, and vine maple. Charcoal was manufactured locally using redwood fuel to char willow, madrone and alder. Hardwoods including tanoak, bigleaf maple, red alder, and Pacific madrone are common. Intersecting Larkspur's downtown is Madrone Canyon, a residential area amidst a redwood grove. Other common trees include shore pine, Pacific madrone and Douglas maple. It is used to eliminate "Lithocarpus densiflorus" (Tan Oak) and "Arbutus menziesii" (Pacific Madrone). The wetter foothills flanking the Illinois Valley support Douglas-fir, madrone, and California incense-cedar. There is only one species of evergreen hardwood, the madrone. Transplant mortality becomes significant once a madrone is more than tall.