Protestant chorales predominated; in contrast to Catholic music, chorale was vibrant and energetic. Lutheran hymns are sometimes known as chorales. Bach's "Jesu, meine Freude" motet contains several such chorales. Also, Germans developed many Lutheran chorales and hymns. A seven-movement piece based on old hymns and Bach chorales. Many of the chorales are new settings of popular hymns. It also features chorales or hymn settings after Bach's model. The format was soon expanded with choral movements in the form of four-part chorales. At eleven moments in the Passion, stanzas from Lutheran chorales reflect the narration. Bach wrote hundreds of four-part harmonisations of Lutheran chorales. Its sound became more epic, symphonic, and added more keyboards and chorales. The music at church, usually simple German chorales, was performed "a cappella". This is partly due to Lutheran religious practice where congregants sang the chorales. He adapted these prayers himself to tunes, taken from famous Protestant chorales. Scholarship regarding Lutheran chorales intensified from the 19th century.