Complications may include cervical artery dissection and aortic dissection. The incidence of internal carotid artery dissection following cervical spine manipulation is unknown. Prognosis of spontaneous cervical arterial dissection involves neurological and arterial results. Surgery in the setting of acute aortic dissection or rupture is considerably more problematic. Aristotle described vertebrate anatomy based on animal dissection. It has become the preferred imaging modality for suspected aortic dissection. Beta blockers are the first-line treatment for patients with acute and chronic aortic dissection. This surgery is called retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection was described in the 1970s. It is under investigation in the diagnosis of aortic dissection. Studies from Sweden suggest that the incidence of aortic dissection may be rising. Four treatment modalities have been reported in the treatment of vertebral artery dissection. Its use in complicated aortic dissection is under investigation. It is especially common in surgeries requiring mediastinal dissection. These individuals are prone to dissection in the ascending aorta.