Guderian's memoirs contained numerous exaggerations, untruths and omissions. Egyptologists question both statements as misinterpretations or exaggerations. Egyptologists consider both statements to be misinterpretations or exaggerations. These are in many cases based on misunderstandings, exaggerations or outright fabrications. Hyperbole may also be used for instances such as, exaggerations for emphasis or effect. There are several different types of deception such as lies, equivocations, concealments, exaggerations, and understatements. His propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels deceived top officials who repeated his propagandistic exaggerations. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. These writers purported to identify errors, exaggerations, and omissions in her research. Ellis (1998a&colon;106) characterised these estimates as "unfounded exaggerations". These were composed centuries after his death, and contain exaggerations and anachronistic anecdotes. Antias' history, written in seventy-six books, is melodramatic and often filled with exaggerations and lies. Modern historians generally dismiss these numbers as exaggerations. She is able to see through his lies and exaggerations about Karl. However, these appear to be poetic exaggerations.