The collation or lexicographical ordering of a dictionary generally depends upon its writing system. The algorithm has three phases&colon; preprocessing, collation, and reassembly. Some languages treat certain digraphs as single letters for the purpose of collation. Accented vowels are not considered distinct letters for the purpose of collation. Several collation sequences are used to order words. Also in some languages certain digraphs are treated as single letters for collation purposes. Some dictionaries employ more than one of these three methods of collation. Japanese "onbiki" phonetic collation began during the late Heian Period. Secondary research involves the summary, collation and/or synthesis of existing research. Accented letters and digraphs are not counted as separate characters for collation purposes. Accented characters and digraphs are not counted as separate letters for collation purposes. He did not believe there was value to having a collation for the manuscript. I have recorded a selection of Q2/F readings in the collation. In telephone directories the surname is used for collation. It is one of the methods of collation.