Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief. "Unlawfully" means without lawful justification or excuse. Such an assumption may rely on trial and error for its justification. He said that there was no scriptural justification for the papacy. No statistical justification for this suggestion was given. Religion has been used by some as justification for advocating racism. Whitefield now argued a scriptural justification for slavery. Chapter 11 covers the doctrine of justification. One must therefore provide a justification for the justification. Eventually Germans abandoned any public justification or explanations regarding arrests and expulsions. The doctrines of justification and predestination are central to Cranmer's theology. Several chapters are then devoted to the subject of justification by faith alone. No statistical justification for this value was given. Yousef did not make any religious justification for the bombing. Wesley taught that sanctification was obtainable after justification by faith, between justification and death.