The organism is sensitive to bacitracin and novobiocin. Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin. The subunit B is selectively inactivated by antibiotics such as coumermycin A and novobiocin. Modification of the novobiocin scaffold has led to more selective Hsp90 inhibitors. C are coupled together and modified to give the finished novobiocin molecule. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and novobiocin biosynthesis. This group includes novobiocin, merbarone, and aclarubicin, which also have other significant mechanisms of action. Novobiocin was first reported in the mid-1950s (then called streptonivicin). Novobiocin is an effective antistaphylococcal agent used in the treatment of MRSA. Novobiocin has also been shown to bind and activate the Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide transporter LptBFGC. Presently, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, and novobiocin are considered good alternatives.