Ezo red foxes are especially prone to infestation by echinococcus and helminths. There is no vaccine against "Echinococcus multilocularis". The genus "Echinococcus" evolved in North America in canids and began to diversify . A cyst of "Echinococcus granulosus" was even retrieved from cemetery soil in Poland. The tapeworm species "Echinococcus vogeli" is named after him. Also like many other parasite infections, the course of "Echinococcus" infection is complex. "Echinococcus oligarthrus" and "Echinococcus vogeli" are basal in this genus. Tapeworms such as "Echinococcus granulosus" and "Taenia solium" may directly or indirectly cause cancer. "Echinococcus" eggs contain an embryo that is called an oncosphere or hexcanth. In Iran, some golden jackals carry intestinal worms (helminths) and "Echinococcus granulosus". When Mandukhai's loyalists brought back Batumongke, he was suffering echinococcus.