Piers sit atop pile caps on wooden pilings approximately 70 feet deep. The intermediate piers rest on driven timber pilings. They may also roost on mudflats, sandbars, beaches, reefs, jetties and pilings. It rests firmly upon a reinforced pad anchored to concrete pilings. The wood is used for dimensional lumber, timbers, pilings, and plywood. The bridges are supported by 9,500 concrete pilings. Damage to docks and pilings in the area was moderate. The new foundation was made of steel-reinforced concrete with pilings sunk . The buildings were entirely raised off the marshy ground on wooden pilings. It is of concrete and steel on pilings, all granite faced. Many locations and areas need to be protected by walls and sheet pilings during floods. In 1856 a very high tide came within two feet of the newly installed pilings. The structure rests on a foundation of 490 pilings that have been drilled below ground. Most of the pilings that form the foundation of Venice were made from alder trees. It rested on strong pilings made with oak trunks.