Viviparity in sharks can be placental or aplacental. The Mekong freshwater stingray preys on invertebrates and is aplacental viviparous. The first two of these modes were categorized under histotroph viviparity, or aplacental viviparity. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, which was once called ovoviviparity. Like other stingrays, this species is aplacental viviparous. Like other stingrays, the red stingray is aplacental viviparous. It is aplacental viviparous, with females producing sizable litters. This species is aplacental viviparous; females have two functional ovaries and two uteruses. Virtually nothing is known of its biology; it is presumed to be aplacental viviparous. The blind shark is aplacental viviparous with a possibly annual reproductive cycle. It is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by yolk. It is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos nourished mainly by yolk. This species is aplacental viviparous, though little is known of its life history. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, with females gestating two or three young at a time. Reproduction is presumably aplacental viviparous, as with the other member of its family.