Scribes reviewed queries directed to Ottoman muftis and rewrote them to facilitate issuing of fatwas. In Thrace today there are 3 muftis, approximately 270 imams and approximately 300 mosques. Historically, sharia was interpreted by independent jurists (muftis). This Ordinance recommends the consultation of muftis and 'ulama' . The origins of muftis and the fatwa can be traced back to the Quran. JAKIM appoints five Muftis for the five states which do not have monarchs. Thus, in contrast to Sunni muftis, Shia "mujtahids" gradually achieved increasing independence from the state. These include academics, politicians, writers and muftis. Ibn Abidin and other state-appointed muftis had a complex relationship with the state. Among the detainees, famous muftis and journalists were mentioned. The local muftis were supportive of the Greek administration. The main minority grievance regards the appointment of muftis. In practice, the sentences of qadis usually were checked by muftis appointed to the courts.