The superior pontine sulcus separates the pons from the midbrain. Urination is controlled by the pontine micturition center in the brainstem. The FEF communicates with extraocular muscles indirectly via the paramedian pontine reticular formation. They are located in the pontine tegmentum in the brainstem. It is regulated by the pontine brainstem. The nucleus is situated in the caudal portion of the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum. These granule cells receive excitatory input from mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Corticopontine fibers are projections from the cerebral cortex to the pontine nuclei. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres arise in the superior salivary nucleus of the pontine tegmentum. The basis pontis undergoes demyelination in the condition known as central pontine myelinolysis. The facial nucleus itself can be affected by infarcts of the pontine arteries. These nuclei are the extension of the pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter the granular layer from their main point of origin, the pontine nuclei. Cats with pontine lesions had a prolonged inhalation duration. Raising the serum sodium concentration too rapidly may cause central pontine myelinolysis.