It includes both ancient (the barbicans) and modern (the framed windows and the colonnade) elements. Guandi temples were not built in the barbicans of the Outer city gates. In 1564, the barbicans of the Outer city gates were built. The barbicans of the Outer city gates were not built until the Ming dynasty. Literally called "jar walls", they are often referred to as "barbicans" in English. However, several barbicans were built even in the 16th century. The Great Gate flanked by 14th-century semi-circular towers had inner and outer barbicans.