Kepahiang adopted a rather sustainable approach avoiding huge monocultural plantations such as oilpalm plantations. Oetzel states that groups making decisions can be homogeneous, i.e. monocultural or heterogeneous, i.e. multicultural. Uncontrolled, these growths result in almost monocultural thickets of Amur honeysuckle. Here, monocultural coniferous forest is the predominant form of vegetation. Third, countercultural model is in regard to its relatively monocultural makeup. As humans cleared land for farming, monocultural crop production replaced multi-species systems. Some invasive species may create monocultural stands that prevent other species from growing there. She describes Durham and Hull as "monocultural higher education institutions".