On 20 April 1970 Machemer and his surgical team performed the first pars plana vitrectomy. Lesions in the pars compacta leads to temporal deficits. Secondly, dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta contain less calbindin than other dopaminergic neurons. Stage 4 is characterized by severe dopaminergic cell destruction in the pars compacta. Cyproheptadine is a second line treatment for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses. The GABAergic neurons of the pars reticulata spontaneously fire action potentials. It should not be used in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (Cushings). The eardrum is divided into two general regions&colon; the pars flaccida and the pars tensa. Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. Separation of the pars interarticularis occurs when spondylolysis is present in the spinal column. Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey), Renault Pars (Iran). "Isthmic" anterolisthesis is where there is a defect in the pars interarticularis. Shapur I commemorated this victory on several rock reliefs in Pars. Examples include the German PARS 3 LR and the Israeli Spike. The term "parsing" comes from Latin "pars" ("orationis"), meaning part (of speech).