Salicylate toxicity works by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Niclosamide works by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting glucose uptake in the parasite. DNP is probably the best known agent for uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Other research points to mitochondrial uncoupling due to a lack of estrogen. Brown adipocytes consist of densely packed mitochondria that contain uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). In db/db mice, induced swimming helped to overcome obesity by upregulating uncoupling proteins. For instance, oxidants can activate uncoupling proteins that reduce membrane potential. In contrast to receptor uncoupling, endocytosis can occur through multiple pathways. Molecular cloning of UCP3 (uncoupling protein homologue). However, heat production is much less efficient than uncoupling lipid oxidation. It is also very easy to use for coupling and uncoupling. "Differentiating" is a process of disengaging or uncoupling. This includes an uncoupling effect that leads to irregular rhythms in vitro. Some plants species use the heat generated by uncoupling proteins for special purposes. As of 2015, research is being conducted on uncoupling proteins naturally found in humans.