It has been used for the treatment of dysuria and haemorrhoids. Women often experience additional symptoms that include painful urination (dysuria) and cervicitis. They can bleed and occasionally cause dysuria and dyspareunia. Patients may also present with a fever, nausea, vomiting, dysuria and polyuria. There will often be a recent history of dysuria or urethral discharge. Dysfunction may result in dysuria, oliguria, and oedema. Elsewhere the leaves are used for cystitis, dysuria, fever, and gonorrhea. If the pelvis is irradiated, prostatitis, proctitis, dysuria, metritis, diarrhea, and abdominal pain can occur. Some patients do, however, report vulvar pain, pruritus, dyspareunia or dysuria. Painful urination is also sometimes, but rarely, described as dysuria. Further symptoms include dysuria, reduced bladder capacity and pain the lower abdomen. Symptoms of urethral injury include hematuria, blood at the meatus, and dysuria. These symptoms may be accompanied by bladder pain or pain while urinating, called dysuria. Some people experience dysuria, and lower back pain. Only dysuria has been reported as an occasional early symptom of the disease.