Lichenification, excoriation and erosion or crusting on the trunk may indicate secondary infection. Besides physical injuries, excoriation disorder can cause severe physical scarring and disfigurement. Excoriation disorder and trichotillomania have been treated with inositol. Other disorders in this category include body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation. Severe cases of excoriation disorder can cause life-threatening injuries. Excoriation disorder also has a high degree of comorbidity with occupational and marital difficulties. Lastly, a survey of dermatology patients found that 2% suffered from excoriation disorder. Foer's use of these techniques resulted in both praise and excoriation from critics. Thus, excoriation disorder could result from a dysfunction in the dopamine reward functions. The skin may become thickened and hyperpigmented (lichenified) as a direct result of chronic excoriation. Knowledge about effective treatments for excoriation disorder is sparse, despite the prevalence of the condition. Furthermore, case reports support the use of these opioid antagonists to treat excoriation disorder. Typically, individuals with excoriation disorder find that the disorder interferes with daily life. Excoriation disorder is statistically more common in females than in males. The prevalence of excoriation disorder is not well understood.