Also located here is Australia's largest aluminium smelter, Boyne Smelters. The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable of smelting iron. An example is the lack of smelter and refinery supply which cause bottlenecks upstream. Residents say the copper smelter is causing environmental damage. Glencore Copper Canada currently operates the Horne smelter. It is produced in China and Russia from steel smelter slag. Operations begin at the zinc smelter in Kokkola. Gladstone has a significant aluminium smelter. Inorganic arsenic is also found in coke oven emissions associated with the smelter industry. Outokumpu decides to establish its own zinc smelter in Kokkola. A major aluminium smelter is located in Gladstone. Several other aluminium smelter projects have been planned. In exchange, B & M agreed to build a $300,000 copper smelter near the dam. Typical sources include smelter, slag, and pickle liquors. During December 2018, Gupta acquired Aluminium Dunkerque, the largest aluminium smelter in Europe.