However oral hygiene is effective at preventing gum disease (gingivitis / periodontal disease). Necrotizing gingivitis is part of a spectrum of disease termed necrotizing periodontal diseases. The diagnosis of the periodontal disease gingivitis is done by a dentist. Often, this leads to opportunistic pathogens which may cause dental caries and periodontal disease. The reduction in saliva increases the likelihood of dental caries, enamel erosion, and periodontal disease. People with uncontrolled diabetes are more prone to have multiple gingival and periodontal abscess. Dentists and dental hygienists measure periodontal disease using a device called a periodontal probe. Healthy gums usually have no reaction to normal disturbance such as brushing or periodontal probing. A periodontist is a specialist dentist who treats patients for periodontal related diseases and conditions. A new addition to the tools used to treat periodontal disease is the dental laser. They are involved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease. Toothache caused by a periodontal abscess is generally deep and throbbing. Smoking is one of the leading risk factors associated with periodontal diseases. It is one of the bacteria that might be implicated in destructive periodontal disease. However, the damage caused by periodontal disease never heals completely.