Logical positivism and scientism paved the way for neopositivism, analytical philosophy, structuralism, and naturalism. Later antipositivists and critical theorists have associated positivism with "scientism"; science "as ideology". Non-religious scholars have also linked New Atheist thought with scientism and/or positivism. The debate is termed "realists versus behaviourists" or "traditionalism versus scientism". Mikael Stenmark proposed the expression "scientific expansionism" as a synonym of scientism. Antipositivism would be further facilitated by rejections of scientism; or science "as ideology". In the emergent middle class, religion competed with secular values backed by "scientism". The first variant of scientism was put into practice by totalitarian regimes. Lessl also argued that without scientism, there would not be a scientific culture. For example, Wittgenstein would become one of the century's fiercest critics of scientism. This was one of four main Neo-Confucian responses to Scientism. There are two methodologies that illustrate this idea of scientism. The first is a reworking of Hayek's essay, "Scientism and the Study of Society". Didier focuses on scientism, especially after George. "The Sensory Order" can be viewed as a development of his attack on scientism.