Primary venation is pinnate (rarely palmate). It has elliptic smooth-edged leaves with pinnate venation. In leaves with reticulate venation, veins form a scaffolding matrix imparting mechanical rigidity to leaves. The leaves are simple with pinnate venation. Leaves are alternate, simple or compound with pinnate venation. It is the monocot with reticulate type of venation. Some leaves may display trinerved venation rather than the pinnate venation usual across Asteraceae. The hindwings are whitish with darker venation. The hindwings are broader than the forewings and the venation is different at the base. Details of wing venation determine subfamilies and lower taxa. These insects are recognisable as tabanids both from their mouthparts and their wing venation. Leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots. The plant has thin simple leaves occurring in alternating branching patterns with prominent venation. They are spirally arranged, persistent, and usually have parallel venation. The leaf venation is parallel running longitudinal.