Bovine prolapsed uterus refers to the abnormal positioning of the bovine uterus after calving. A visual examination of the anus and surrounding area may diagnose external or prolapsed hemorrhoids. A chronically prolapsed rectal tissue may undergo pathological changes such as thickening, ulceration and bleeding. Other serious complications during pregnancy can include a prolapsed uterus, hypocalcaemia, and mastitis. The prolapsed, inflamed and edematous rectal tissue may even show visible worms. Anoscopy will permit biopsies to be taken, and is used when ligating prolapsed hemorrhoids. The section of prolapsed rectal mucosa can become ulcerated, leading to bleeding. Echocardiography is the most useful method of diagnosing a prolapsed mitral valve. Prolapsed uterus in cattle, particularly dairy cattle, generally occurs in the first 12 hours post-calving. One reading is that the ordeal results in a prolapsed uterus if she is guilty. Cystocele and a prolapsed urethra often occur together and is called a cystourethrocele. When prolapsed tissues are edematous and necrotic, amputation is performed. Very rarely, cancer can arise on the section of prolapsed rectal lining. The prolapsed organs are measured in centimeters to the hymen. This phosphorylation can cause failures such as an aortic aneurysm and prolapsed valves.