Not all cases of uterus didelphys involve duplication of the cervix and vagina. Cervicitis is inflammation of the uterine cervix. A complete hysterectomy involves the removal of the body, fundus, and cervix of the uterus. A tenaculum is used to steady the cervix and uterus. Most eutherian (placental) mammal species have a single cervix and single, bipartite or bicornuate uterus. Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. This agent also causes cervical ripening with softening and dilation of the cervix. Internal injuries to the cervix and vagina can be visualized using colposcopy. The majority of SCCs of uterine cervix express p16. Some large fibroids can extend out through the cervix and vagina. Implantation can also occur on the cervix, ovaries, or within the abdomen. Diagnosis is by testing the urine, urethra in males, or cervix in females. The neck area is called the cervix or cervical region. The disease is caused by bacteria that spread from the vagina and cervix. Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers of cervix, skin, anus, and penis.