Special tube bending equipment is used to bend the conduit without kinking or denting it. To prevent kinking it is usually coiled. Palmer used aluminium tubing and no wires for construction, fearing kinking during assembly. Normal right-laid rope should be coiled clockwise, to prevent kinking. Some common malfunctions of dialysis catheters include clotting, infection, and kinking. Obstruction/occlusion of EVD commonly due to fibrinous/clot like material or kinking of the tube. It is commonly made of reinforced rubber to prevent splitting and kinking. Inadequate ureteral length may also be encountered, leading to ureteral kinking and subsequent obstruction. Flakes with more than 20 layers exhibited a kinking mechanism during micromechanical cleavage. They carry the vegetation to the nest site by kinking their necks. This extreme kinking forces the baseless portion of DNA into APE1's active site.