Research in the humanities involves different methods such as for example hermeneutics and semiotics. Baudrillard's idea of hyperreality was heavily influenced by phenomenology, semiotics, and Marshall McLuhan. Transmedia storytelling can be related to the concepts of semiotics and narratology. Scolari goes on to show how semiotics and narratology are ways to analyze transmedia. The term is also used in anthropology, computational semiotics, and technical exegesis. It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Karl-Otto Apel (b. 1922) elaborated a hermeneutics based on American semiotics. Further related fields include philology, communication, and semiotics. He specializes in musical semiotics and ethnomusicology. A trope is an element of film semiotics and connects between denotation and connotation. Representation has been associated with aesthetics (art) and semiotics (signs). Riddles have also attracted linguists, often studying riddles from the point of view of semiotics. Other early theorists in the field of semiotics include Charles W. Morris. During his tenure there, he also developed a love of semiotics and modernist literature. Social meaning-making is the main research object of social semiotics and related disciplines.