Cats may suffer from Vitamin K deficiencies. There is no known toxicity associated with high doses of menaquinones (vitamin K). The prevalence of vitamin K deficiency varies by geographic region. Warfarin acts by inhibiting the production of Vitamin K in the gut. No trials of vitamin K have been conducted. The substance is a vitamin K antagonist. Difenacoum is an anticoagulant of the 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist type. Combination with vitamin K antagonists like warfarin increases the risk of bleeding. The VKORC1 protein is a key enzyme in the vitamin K cycle. Current dosage recommendations for Vitamin K may be too low. Vitamin K deficiency results in undercarboxylation of MGP. Vitamin K is given as an injection to newborns to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant that functions as a vitamin K antagonist (like warfarin). Bile also helps in the absorption of vitamin K from the diet. Supplementation can prevent most cases of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the newborn.