Gemologists study these factors while valuing or appraising cut and polished gemstones. Perpetuities are but one of the time value of money methods for valuing financial assets. The valuation methods usually employed, likewise, are adapted from techniques developed for valuing financial options. Common reasons for valuing material lie in their monetary or sentimental value. Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in "paideia" (education). In absence of free markets, valuing these income transfers as household income is subjective. The categories are receiving phenomenon, responding to that phenomenon, valuing, organization, and internalizing values. Equity was raised in 2011 valuing the company at $25 million. There are two main difficulties with valuing financial services firms. Both are also concerned with valuing one's self as inherently sacred. He is indifferent to their deaths, instead valuing only their usefulness in combat. Increasingly the valuing of nature became an aspect of Western culture. This volatility/credit dichotomy is the standard practice for valuing convertibles. In valuing real estate, a similar approach may be used. Gaga says she was influenced by Osho's work in valuing rebellion through creativity and equality.