Moscow (via the Moscow Canal), Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan. During summer, cruise vessels operate between Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Astrakhan. In January 1921 peasant revolts spread to Samara, Saratov, Tsaritsyn, Astrakhan and Siberia. The Cossack Ural, Terek, Astrakhan, and Don Cossack hosts had Kalmyks in their ranks. Railways connect the capital Makhachkala to Moscow, Astrakhan, and the Azerbaijani capital, Baku. Nogais live in the territories of Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol district and Astrakhan Oblast. Most of the population of the Astrakhan khanate were Astrakhan Tatars and Nogays. On 4 June 2015, a MiG-29 crashed during training in Astrakhan. There are direct flights between Astrakhan and Aktau, Istanbul, St. Petersburg and Moscow. In 1835 the provinces of Astrakhan and the northern Caucasus were removed from the Pale. In 1708 Tsaritsyn was assigned to the Kazan Governorate; in 1719 to the Astrakhan Governorate. Its eastern border is the Astrakhan Oblast. From 1459 to 1556, Xacitarxan was the capital of Astrakhan Khanate. Astrakhan (T15), 1480&colon; Russia, before 1490?&colon; Sibir. It is managed by OAO Aeroport Astrakhan.