It opposed liberal western parliamentarianism, and advocated 'the old formula of Autocracy, Orthodoxy and Nationality'. Social liberals and reformist non-socialists opposed any restriction of parliamentarianism. Brown discovered he appreciated British parliamentarianism more than American republicanism. Treitschke vehemently attacked parliamentarianism, socialism, pacifism, the English, the French, the Jews, and the internationalists. In the long term, they represented an obstacle to democratization and parliamentarianism. With the advent of parliamentarianism and more capable Western-schooled political elites, Plamenac became increasingly sidelined. The modern Fifth Republic system combines aspects of presidentialism and parliamentarianism. Pankhurst argued that the tactic of revolutionary parliamentarianism would be dropped at the next congress. This group did not favour the parliamentarianism of the majority. The delegates reaffirmed their rejection of parliamentarianism and refused to participate in the National Assembly. Parliamentarianism may also apply to regional and local governments.