The Ingush possess a varied culture of traditions, legends, epics, tales, songs, proverbs, and sayings. Major oral literary forms include folktales, poems, riddles, proverbs, and songs. Linguistics traced the Viking Age origins of rural idioms and proverbs. Emblem books descended from medieval bestiaries that explained the importance of animals, proverbs, and fables. These include oral traditions such as tales, proverbs and jokes. Corey Barksdale has produced a book of paintings with specific proverbs and pithy quotations. Stories varied between mythic narratives dealing with creation and basic proverbs showcasing human wisdom. Unlike Ashkenazic communities, there are melodies for Mishle (Proverbs) and Psalms. Pashto-speakers have long had a tradition of oral literature, including proverbs, stories, and poems. One theorist, indeed, went so far as to define fables as extended proverbs. Many of Steen's paintings bear references to old Dutch proverbs or literature. It contains sections on Samoan proverbs and poetry, and an extensive grammatical sketch. There are many examples where cultural values have been explained and illustrated by proverbs. Samuel Ajayi Crowther, the Anglican bishop in Nigeria, published a collection of Yoruba proverbs (1852). This belief is anchored in Yoruba proverbs.