He said the ruling sets no precedent. Courts of equity rely on common law principles of binding precedent. Gorsuch joined the majority in upholding the conviction based on Tenth Circuit precedent. But this may not be the case as determined by common law precedent. He cited longstanding precedent against stripping titles. This set a legal precedent for other convictions. Roberts demonstrated an encyclopedic knowledge of Supreme Court precedent, which he discussed without notes. This position also gave rise to the legal precedent of Taqiyyah. The doctrine has its origins in an English common-law precedent of 1770. The Crisis is seen as a "critical precedent for democratic action". Advantages include relative effectiveness, ease of implementation, long-established legal precedent, and familiarity. An assumption underlying all contracts (a "condition precedent") is that they are possible to perform. They challenged convention and established an important precedent in Canadian history. His speech also emphasized the importance of following President Washington's precedent in avoiding entangling alliances. ER 189 is a leading English precedent in corporate law.