It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and rearrangements. Genetic methods including cytoplasmic incompatibility, chromosomal translocations, sex distortion and gene replacement have been explored. The tumor often displays characteristic chromosomal translocations between chromosomes #3 and #8. These individuals present with deletions, translocations, and missense mutations. Partial aneuploidy can also occur as a result of unbalanced translocations during meiosis. This can cause chromosomal translocations, sometimes leading to cancer. Other genetic processes, such as insertions, deletions, translocations, and inversions, can also lead to polymorphisms. Robertsonian translocations have been seen involving all combinations of acrocentric chromosomes. Inappropriate NHEJ can lead to translocations and telomere fusion, hallmarks of tumor cells. There are also cryptic translocations and segmental uniparental disomy (UPD). Array-based karyotyping cannot detect balanced translocations, such as t(4;14) seen in about 15% of MM. PGH does this by using polymorphic markers that are better suited at recognizing translocations. Positivity with the other translocations may be confined to the cytoplasm. An example is the detection of BCR/ABL translocations, where the secondary color indicates disease. Only 39% of the 115 bighorn sheep translocations are persisting in 6 Rocky Mountain states.