Small landholders and sharecroppers acquired debts swollen by usurious rates of interest. The making of usurious loans is often called loan sharking. She lends money at usurious rates and goes after families who fail to repay. Furthermore, Russians encouraged credit purchases at usurious rates of interest. These licensing laws made it impossible for usurious lenders to pass themselves off as legal. He showed himself especially skilful in exposing the practises of usurious money-lenders. The Nazis used the usurious Shylock for their propaganda. The Russians also manipulated the trade by encouraging credit purchases at usurious rates of interest. Flem is making usurious loans to Negroes; I.O. is to be the new schoolteacher. Merchants, finding a sellers' market, extracted extraordinary profits through inflated prices and usurious credit terms. Further, the Jews had exploited artisans 'with loans at usurious rates'. El-Gama describes this as avoiding "riba in form" while being "usurious in substance". In some states, such as New York, usurious loans are voided "ab initio". When credit was available, it was usually provided at usurious rates. Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin has welcomed the project because it would rectify usurious mechanisms.