Both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of LOHCs requires catalysts. Pincer complexes catalyze the dehydrogenation of alkanes. The temperature required for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation drops significantly for heterocycles vs simple carbocycles. H2 release can be induced by hydrolysis reactions or catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions. It has shown to be valuable for hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation, and oxidation reactions. Oxidative dehydrogenation of dihydropyridine results in aromatization, giving pyridine. Oxidative dehydrogenation of the isobutyric acid yields methacrylic acid. It also arises via the dimerization of acetylene or dehydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. By oxidation/dehydrogenation it can be converted to indoles. It is usually produced by hydroformylation of heptene and the dehydrogenation of 1-octanol. In principle, allyl alcohol can be obtained by dehydrogenation of propanol. Pyrrole can also be formed by catalytic dehydrogenation of pyrrolidine. It is a colorless liquid manufactured by the thermal dehydrogenation of isomeric diethylbenzenes. Butadiene can also be produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of normal butane ("n"-butane). When octyldodecanol is melted with an alkali it yields octyldodecanoic acid by a dehydrogenation reaction.