He also built numerous other Hindu temples and ashrams, or retreats for ascetics. There are several other temples and ashrams located in and around the city. Rawat encouraged premies to leave the ashrams. The town has number of temples and ashrams. The Brahma Vidya Mandir is one of the ashrams that Bhave created. Christa Prema Seva and Christukula were the first two of the (surviving) Protestant ashrams. These gurus tend to live in their own "ashrams". It was one of the first large ashrams to be established in Rishikesh. Vegetarianism was encouraged but not enforced except in ashrams and Divine Centers. Tens of thousands had been initiated, and several hundred centers and dozens of ashrams formed. Some Western followers took up communal life in dozens of ashrams, guided by DLM Mahatmas. By 2008, 40 of Asaram's ashrams had gurukuls (residential schools) attached to them. Punjab was also a centre of learning for Ancient India, and many ashrams and universities. A number of ashrams have been established outside India. The "ashrams" included small farms and houses constructed by the inhabitants themselves.