Caterpillars have different types of projections; setae (hairs), spines, warts, tubercles, and horns. Head with large granules anteriorly, posteriorly with minute granules intermixed with round tubercles. Dorsal skin of young with longitudinal ridges of small tubercles. There may also be protrusions such as microvilli, cilia, bristles, spines and tubercles. Some species are covered with spines and tubercles. Bilateral to the urethral fold, genital swellings (tubercles) become prominent. The foot-fringe is pale, with a row of minute submarginal blackish tubercles. Granulomata in turn coalesce to form tubercles, nodules or masses that often ulcerate. These fractures occur at tubercles (bony projections that lack secondary ossification centers). It has a knobbly, ridged back and three large bony tubercles on each flank. These fasciculi end in rounded elevations known as the gracile and the cuneate tubercles. Segments four and five each with a pair of united fleshy pointed tubercles. Back, legs and tail with prominent conic tubercles. During adolescence secondary ossification centers are formed in the tubercles and heads of the ribs. Other symptoms include fever, hypercalcemia, choroidal tubercles, and cutaneous lesions.