Mosquitoes, midges, and gnats are particularly favored prey items. Bats in Indiana were found to prefer beetles, moths, mosquitoes, midges, leafhoppers, and wasps. Bunyaviridae are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods including mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks. Ducklings are dependent on animal matter such as insects, earthworms, leeches, midges and snails. Various midges and thrips are comparatively minor opportunist pollinators. Cocoa pods are pollinated by tiny flies called midges. Therefore, their diet includes tiny springtails, midges, and aphids. Some species within the biting midges are thought to be predatory on other small insects. By age one, they shift to macroinvertebrates, such as midges and mosquitos. The adults are sometimes called phantom midges or lake flies. They also consume sticky silk as well as small midges and flies. Mating occurs in large groups of males, analogous to swarms of winged midges. The Forcipomyiinae are a subfamily of biting midges. They look similar to midges (Chironomidae), another ancient family of flies. Most midges, apart from the gall midges (Cecidomyiidae), are aquatic during the larval stage.