Ito ruled that the evidence was inadmissible as hearsay. The default rule is that hearsay evidence is inadmissible. In most court proceedings there are many limitations on when hearsay evidence is admissible. All evidence must be relevant and not hearsay evidence. This is especially true regarding hearsay evidence. Ahmed described Davies' claims as untrue and "hearsay". The applicant could rely on hearsay evidence. Bootstrapping is a rule preventing the admission of hearsay evidence in conspiracy cases. Evidence was sometimes based on hearsay and superstition. Despite this and other hearsay evidence, there were no facts to go upon. Defendants are protected from self-incrimination, forced confession, and unrestricted admission of hearsay evidence. Such attachment is necessary in order to comply with the evidentiary rule against hearsay. Credible or not, they are hearsay. Smith said fellow directors did not want to rely on hearsay evidence and local gossip. No evidence in support of this single piece of hearsay has ever been discovered.