Mirtazapine increases dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. This includes changes in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Alcohol creates deficits on the function of the prefrontal cortex. Some neurons in the posterior parietal cortex are modulated by intention. These responses were correlated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Older protocols that targeted the prefrontal dorsal cortex were less successful. Patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex have difficulty making advantageous decisions. This creates increased activation in the right anterior prefrontal cortex, BA 10, and the precuneus. The brainstem lies between the large cerebral cortex and the spinal cord. Cortical cataracts are due to the lens cortex (outer layer) becoming opaque. The anterior insula is part of the primary gustatory cortex. There are fewer cells in the medulla than the cortex. These areas contain cells that project to the secondary somatosensory cortex. Located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex.