All desert rodents except ground squirrels and chipmunks are nocturnal. Smaller mammals include groundhogs, red squirrels, eastern chipmunks, martens, and snowshoe hares. Animal vectors include birds, deer, and rodents such as voles, squirrels, and chipmunks. Red squirrels, gray squirrels, raccoons, chipmunks, and mice are consumers of hickory nuts. Its primary prey consists of mice, rats, squirrels, chipmunks, shrews, moles and rabbits. They are closely related to squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots. Red squirrels are somewhat larger than chipmunks. Eight species of squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots occur in Pennsylvania. The seeds are eaten by chipmunks, mice, and squirrels. Most commonly seen are Sonoma chipmunks, and western gray squirrels. Twenty-nine species of squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots occur in California. Other potential threats include the loss of woodland habitat, squirrels, chipmunks, and raptors. The seeds are also a food source for squirrels, chipmunks and birds. Alvin and the Chipmunks (stylized as ALVINNN!!! Richardson appeared in the film "Alvin and the Chipmunks".