The gerontocracy of bygone days was challenged by Protestant theocracy. The higher the average polygyny rate, the greater the element of gerontocracy and social stratification. Gerontophobia, or its antonym, gerontocracy, may be extensions of adultism. This treatment is increasingly seen as a form of gerontocracy. Aoki and Vaithianathan argue that Demeny voting is justified because it reduces gerontocracy. The villages in Unadu practice a gerontocracy system of government. The aging Soviet leadership led to its being described as a gerontocracy. In Kenya, Samburu society is said to be a gerontocracy. In doing so, Piggott stated, Wheeler helped rid the society of its "self-perpetuating gerontocracy". Present-day Italy is often considered a gerontocracy, even in the internal Italian debate. The traditional leadership system as is obtained in Enugu-Ezike is primarily Gerontocracy. Outside the political sphere, gerontocracy may be observed in other institutional hierarchies of various kinds. In a simplified definition, a gerontocracy is a society where leadership is reserved for elders.