Lignin and naphthalene sulfonate plasticizers are organic polymers. Lignin, naphthalene, and melamine sulfonate superplasticisers are organic polymers. Linear alkylbenzene is sulfonated to produce linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a biodegradable surfactant. The alkylbenzene portion of these anions is lipophilic and the sulfonate is hydrophilic. Other additives are sometimes used, such as ethylene glycol, oleic acid, and dodecyl-benzene sulfonate. Examples include the addition of sodium bisulfite to an aldehyde to give a sulfonate. These polymers are derived from polystyrene by the addition of sulfonate functional groups. Three ion-exchange resins, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, colestipol, and cholestyramine, are used as active ingredients. Hot aqueous NaOH converts these sulfonyl fluoride (-SOF) groups into sulfonate groups (-SONa). Most commercial resins are made of polystyrene sulfonate. For commercial purposes, the polymerization is conducted in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Measures to remove potassium from the body include furosemide, polystyrene sulfonate, and hemodialysis. Common examples of ionomers include polystyrene sulfonate, Nafion and Hycar. A water softener functions by selective complexation with a sulfonate ion exchange resin. Owing to the presence of sulfonate groups, the WS dyes are water-soluble (WS).