Furthermore, Parliament may proscribe other laws with the effect of disqualifying political parties. The Qing government replied in turn by refusing to either proscribe or endorse foreign missionaries. The provisions proscribe a range of commercial practices that characterise the activities of female "hostesses". As a result they proscribe them and/or ban them from the airwaves. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Protection from Harassment Act 1997 did not originally define "stalking" or formally proscribe it. Vancouver felt he needed Kamehameha with him to effectively proscribe Kendrick. In the same year he officially began to proscribe the practice of paganism.