Anodized coatings have a much lower thermal conductivity and coefficient of linear expansion than aluminium. Heat pipes have a much higher effective thermal conductivity than solid materials. Graphene is known for its high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient at room temperature. Transmissivity is directly proportional to horizontal hydraulic conductivity formula 54 and thickness formula 53. It is a bulk material property related to thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity. The effect of temperature on thermal conductivity is different for metals and nonmetals. Carbon nanotubes can exhibit remarkable electrical conductivity. Disadvantages include low phase-change enthalpy, low thermal conductivity, and flammability. Primary factors usually include high electrical conductivity, and low density. Fin efficiency is one of the parameters which makes a higher thermal conductivity material important. Aluminium is a lightweight metal with very good thermal conductivity. A "perfect dielectric" is a material with zero electrical conductivity (cf. It has two useful attributes&colon; high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity. They both can offer a high thermal conductivity and decent mechanical strength. Testing equipment based on measuring thermal conductivity in particular may give deceiving results.