Genome doubling entails gene duplication, thus generating functional redundancy in most genes. Type III is a complete digital duplication, which has a well-formed duplicated metacarpal. They occur due to segmental duplication in the genome. Cellular processes like genome duplication and cell division stop. Major genome duplication events can be quite common. Symparalogs are paralogs that evolved from gene duplication of paralogous genes in subsequent speciation events. No evidence of full genome duplication was found. Alternative terms include cloning, doubling, duplication, and repetition. Isoforms are produced by two distinct mechanisms, gene duplication and alternative splicing. Often this refers to whole genome duplication followed by intermediate levels of diploidization. Ohnologous genes are paralogous genes that have originated by a process of 2R whole-genome duplication. This appears to have been the result of a whole genome duplication event around . Processing all applications in one place meant less duplication and costs. Various error conditions may occur, such as data corruption, packet loss and duplication. These are the hologram adhesive strips that provide protection against counterfeiting and duplication of products.