This was the forerunner of the modern Meteorological Office. Videoconferencing was an important forerunner to the educational technologies known today. NCP was the forerunner of the modern Internet protocols. This was the forerunner of the modern Powerpoint chart. The forerunner of the modern submarine, , attacked using a spar torpedo. The principal forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations. This was the early forerunner to the Training Bureau and today's Metropolitan Police Academy. Ashley began the program which was the forerunner of many other B.Com. Some say that the hackbut was a forerunner of the arquebus. Its main instrument was a clavioline, an electronic forerunner of synthesizers. Kull is Conan the Barbarian's direct literary forerunner. It was created as the forerunner to the European Central Bank. The classicist R. E. Witt saw Isis as the "great forerunner" of Mary. It was like the forerunner of the Joy Division sound. Meles was first with Tigrayan National Organization (TNO) the forerunner TPLF.