Spray, brush, splatter, verdigris, roller palette knife. He began using impasto, mainly applied with a palette knife. He also explores new techniques that include using a palette knife as a paintbrush. He often finished a painting by adding color using a palette knife to build texture. McGillivray's modernist art included textured, painterly brushstrokes applied with the palette knife and compelling colour. "I slowly started using the palette knife to paint on canvas," said Behrens. Williams' particular technique was applying thick oil paint with a palette knife. The palette knife was used deftly and with great boldness. Once the base paint is finished, metallic paints are applied with a palette knife. The palette knife is also used to apply paint in some areas. A palette knife may also be used to remove paint from the canvas when necessary.