Tissue may be stripped from the cerebral cortex in a process called decortication. Two surgeries have been developed&colon; extrapleural pneumonectomy and pleurectomy/decortication. Other treatments include the use of decortication. After the fifth decortication the fonio is called "whitened". In addition to decortication, preliminary milling for some oilseeds such as groundnuts is needed. Separation of hurd and bast fiber is known as decortication. Records indicate the invention of a decortication machine by Duncan Kenner and Leonard Sewell (1880s). Decortication separates bast fiber from the shive. The CIRAD developed a decortication machine of the GMBF type especially for fonio.