Tests for DNA laddering differentiate apoptosis from ischemic or toxic cell death. DNA laddering can only be used to detect apoptosis during the later stages of apoptosis. Laddering can also be used as an overall retirement planning approach for all retirement investments. By adapting this technique of environment the purpose of the laddering interview can be accomplished. Laddering can free up capital as needed. Thomas J. Reynolds and Jonathan Gutman were the founders and pioneers of the laddering theory. Laddering is based upon the premise of not putting all money in a single CD.