Violation of the statute generally raises a rebuttable presumption of negligence. There is a rebuttable presumption that the testator is competent. There is a rebuttable presumption of unencumbered ownership. However, many modern cases have found merger clauses to be only a rebuttable presumption. There are two types of presumption&colon; rebuttable presumption and conclusive presumption. The defendant can then try to rebut this presumption. It establishes the Presumption of innocence and forbids double jeopardy. Australian courts normally interpret statutes with a strong presumption that they do not apply retroactively. The latter standard requires a presumption of innocence. An irrebuttable presumption of guilt is unconstitutional in the United States. Indian law stresses the principles of presumption of innocence. This is an explicit statement of the presumption of innocence. He has published a favorable column on Barnett's idea of a constitutional presumption of liberty. The United States maintains a presumption of innocence in legal procedures. Critics have also said it is detrimental to the presumption of innocence.