Alloy wheels were a novelty, as was the hollow front axle for reduced unsprung weight. The front brakes were mounted inboard, reducing the unsprung weight. This significantly reduces wheel motor weight and therefore unsprung weight. The primary suspension parameters are stiffness, damping, sprung and unsprung mass, and tire characteristics. Magnesium alloy wheels made by forging are used to achieve maximum unsprung rotating weight reduction. The brake discs are carbon ceramic, which shaves a significant from the unsprung weight. Steering was by way of a toothed rack that pivoted the unsprung front wheel. Their lower unsprung weight improves ride quality and traction on bumpy surfaces as well. Aluminum drums are also lighter than iron drums, which reduces unsprung weight. This reduces the unsprung mass and changes the kinematics slightly. These bicycles generally have some sort of suspension system to reduce unsprung mass. This reduces the unsprung mass and hence track wear at high speeds. This performance also encouraged the reduction of unsprung weight. The carriage was of single trail type with unsprung wooden wheels and limited traverse. Parker conceded the ZTL system's advantage in unsprung weight.