Endemic diseases include dengue fever, filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis, and sleeping sickness. These included helminthiasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis. These included cholera, measles, malaria, dysentery, and schistosomiasis. The region is faced with problems of endemic diseases like schistosomiasis and malaria. Combination treatment may prevent morbidity due to schistosomiasis. Schistosoma japonicum is an important parasite and one of the major infectious agents of schistosomiasis. N-Nitroso compounds have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis related bladder cancer. Thomson's health had deteriorated because of cystitis, schistosomiasis, and pyelonephritis. As of 2016, 206.5 million people have schistosomiasis and "S. mansoni" is the major parasite. Individuals with chronic active schistosomiasis may not complain of typical symptoms. This "acute schistosomiasis" is not, however, as important as the chronic forms of the disease. Most bladder cancer is transitional cell, but bladder cancer associated with schistosomiasis is often SCC. Trivalent organic antimony was used in therapy for schistosomiasis. Clinical trials were also successfully conducted in Africa among patients with schistosomiasis. Praziquantel has a particularly dramatic effect on patients with schistosomiasis.