Leukocyturia is a laboratory symptom of many diseases like glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. It can occur as a complication of hydronephrosis or pyelonephritis. The most common infections are pneumonias and pyelonephritis. Complications of analgesic nephropathy include pyelonephritis and end-stage kidney disease. The Dr family of adhesins are particularly associated with cystitis and pregnancy-associated pyelonephritis. There can also be an increased tendency towards urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis (kidney infection). Typically, it is positive in cholecystitis, but negative in choledocholithiasis, pyelonephritis, and ascending cholangitis. In other words, pyelitis together with nephritis is collectively known as pyelonephritis. Most cases of "community-acquired" pyelonephritis are due to bowel organisms that enter the urinary tract. Pearl's condition deteriorated and was diagnosed with pyelonephritis, chronic kidney failure which required haemodialysis. In acute pyelonephritis, the patient experiences high fever, abdominal pain and pain while passing urine. Chronic pyelonephritis can in addition cause fever of unknown origin. There are three main classifications of pyelonephritis&colon; acute, chronic and xanthogranulomatous. Treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis involves antibiotics as well as surgery. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis.