In these cases, they are used as honorifics or pejoratives. Augmentative nouns are either pejoratives or hypocorisms. "Wanker" has similar meanings and overtones to American pejoratives like "jerk" or "jerk-off". The fundamental vocabulary of Esperanto contains a number of pejoratives. The Chinese writing system provided unique opportunities for graphic pejoratives. Pejoratives relating to ethnicity, occupation or political views often have the suffix "-e". Some graphic pejoratives used significs besides the "dog" radical. Often the substituted terms become pejoratives in the context that they are used. Graphic pejoratives, or orthographic pejoratives, are a unique aspect of Chinese characters. It is therefore an equivalent of other historic English pejoratives such as "Paddy" and "Jock".