The parietal pleura is innervated by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve. This variant may predispose the phrenic nerve to injury during subclavian vascular cannulation. The parietal pleura is supplied by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve. The mediastinal and central portions of the diaphragmatic pleurae are innervated by the phrenic nerves. This transmits the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve. Other early complications include damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and the phrenic nerve. The right phrenic nerve may be crushed by the vena cava clamp during liver transplantation. This nerve usually joins with the phrenic nerve before innervating the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve must be identified during thoracic surgery and preserved. These nerves include the intercostals, phrenic, and abdominals. The accessory phrenic nerve may rather branch from the ansa cervicalis. It anastomoses with the musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries. The celiac artery may also give rise to the inferior phrenic arteries. Irritation of the phrenic nerve (or the tissues it supplies) leads to the hiccup reflex. From below, the inferior phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm.