The RADIUS protocol transmits obfuscated passwords using a shared secret and the MD5 hashing algorithm. Managed CIL bytecode is easier to reverse-engineer than native code, unless obfuscated. Short obfuscated Perl programs may be used in signatures of Perl programmers. These are canonical examples of minimal Turing tarpits and needlessly obfuscated language features. Certain major browsers such as Firefox and Chrome also disallow browser extensions containing obfuscated code. This means that also complex backdoors or obfuscated attacks can be devised. Software vendors sometimes use obfuscated code to impede users who would reverse engineer the software. Writing and reading obfuscated source code can be a brain teaser. Discussions and debates about sprawl are often obfuscated by the ambiguity associated with the phrase. In recent versions, including Slackware release 14.1, the text is ROT13 obfuscated. This would have obfuscated the Dual EC DRBG output thus killing the backdoor. Bellard's entries won the International Obfuscated C Code Contest three times. The 1989 International Obfuscated C Code Contest (IOCCC) included an entry by Brian Westley. It is therefore symptomatic that detection accuracy decreases the more plagiarism cases are obfuscated. The content of JAR files may be obfuscated to make reverse engineering more difficult.